wm^^ fyxmll Hmrmitg ^tatg THE GIFT OF A.J^^.S.'ii.-.L - la-Y^ygta^^ Cornell University Library T 803.E1U58 Reports of the United States Commissione 3 1924 021 898 428 Cornell University Library The original of tiiis book is in tine Cornell University Library. There are no known copyright restrictions in the United States on the use of the text. http://www.archive.org/details/cu31924021898428 REPORTS OP THE UNITED STATES COMMISSIONERS TO THE UNIVERSAL EXPOSITION OF 1889 AT PARIS. PUBLISHED UNDER DIRECTION OF THE SECRETARY OP STATE BY AUTHORITY OF CONGRESS. Volume I. ItEPOET OF THE COMMISSIONER-GEKBRAL, "WITH ACCOMPANriNG DOi;TTMENTS, INCLUDING EEPOETS OF OFFICERS OF THE COMMISSION, OFFICIAL EEG CT- LATIONS, CLASSIFICATION, LISTS OF EXHIBITOES, AWAEDS, ETC. WASHINGTON: GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE. 1890. CONTENTS OF VOLUME I. Introduction. vii Letter of Secretary of State vii Joint resolution of Congress ix OflScial instructions of Secretary of State to Commissioner-General xi Circular letter of Secretary of State to governors of States and Territories, xvii Letter of Commissioner-General with Estimate of Expenditure of Appro- priation XLX Letter of Commissioner-General xxi Report of the United States Commissioner-General 1 Table of Measures and Values 44 Report of the Chief Engineer of the United States Commission 45 Report of the Superintendent of United States section of the Liberal Arts. ... 67 Staff of the United States Commissioner-General 75 Foreign commissioners-general 77 Honorary commissioners appointed by governors of States 79 List of the superior jury 83 Report of the superior jury 85 Regulations of the international jury 91 Distribution of international jurors 95 List of United States jurors 99 Review of social economy 101 History of labor - 125 Retrospective expoation of labor and anthropology 159 Account of the Riggs collection of ancient armor 169 APPENDICES. A. Decree of the President of the French Republic 179 B. French laws and regulations 183 protection of inventions 189 system of general classification 190 general management of foreign sections 210 C. The French general commission 314 D. Estimated and actual cost of buildings, etc 315 E. Statistics of admission 316 F. Restaurants, concessions, regulations, etc 317 G. Foreign countries, appropriations, space, etc 320 H. Foreign commissioners, expenditures in Paris 333 m I> CONTENTS. I. Circulars and Forms of United States Commission anterior to the Exposition 323 during Exposition 351 incident to close of Exposition 858 J. Synopsis of classification 358 K. Classified catalogue United States exhibitors 261 L. Alphabetical index United States exhibitors 344 M. Collective exhibition of ores and mineral products of the United States. . 363 N. List of awards to United States exhibitors and collaborators 434 O. Decorations conferred by the French Government on account of the United States 447 P. International congresses 449 Q. United States delegates to international congresses 451 R. Donations of United States exhibits 453 S. Expenditures of the Commission 455 Index to Volume 1 457 500 Expenses of Paris office 5, 500 Postage, express, telegrams, etc - 1> 000 XIX XX UNIVERSAL EXPOSITION OP 1889 AT PAKIS. For the preparation of space in the various buildings, installation of ex- hibits, and general expenses of each group, as follows: Art group, including boxing and partial insiu-ance 7, 500 Education, Group 2 7, 500 Industrial, Groups 3, 4, and 5 9, 000 Machinery, Group 6 8, 000 Agricultural, horticultural, and food products, Groups 7, 8, and 9 5, 000 Government exhibit 5, 000 Freight 45, 000 Stationery , 2, 500 Advertising 2, 000 Watchmen and guards at the Exposition 10, 000 Engineer, superintendents of sections, skilled labor, and extra clerk hire. . . 12, 000 Jurors 12, 000 Preparation of report 10, 000 Amount remaining for incidental and extraordinary expenses not above enumerated 19, 000 250, 000 LETTER FROM THE COMMISSIONER-GENERAL. Office of the United States Commissionee-Geneeal, Paeis Exposition of 1889, Hartford, Conn., June 2, 1890. Sib : I forward herewith my official report as United States Com- missioner-General to the Paris Exposition of 1889, which is accom- panied by supplementary reports and various appendices enumerated in the inclosed table of contents, the whole forming Volume I. I submit herewith a memorandum statement as to the four other volumes, showing the number of articles, their titles and authors, and the estimated extent of each volume. Nearly the whole of the experts' reports are in, and those still in preparation will be in my possession by the end of the current month. While all of these re- ports are of interest, those still incomplete are of special interest, and the delay has been unavoidable. The estimate of number of pages, etc., is as nearly correct as it can be made. I respectfully suggest that the information furnished in the accom- panying schedule, compared and considered with the matter for Volume I as to character, scope, etc., will enable the Public Printer to form an intelligent and early estimate as to the cost of printing, etc., to aid the action of the Committee on Printing. KespectfuUy yours, W. B. Franklin, Commissioner- General. Hon. James G. Blaine, Secretary of State. CONTENTS or VOLUME II. Fine Arts ^^'°- Rush C. Hawkins. Education and Liberal Arts Prof. A. J. Staoe. Technical Instruction Prof. C. Wellman Parks. Photographic Apparatus, etc Prof. S. B. Newbury. Optical Instruments, etc Charles S. Hafltings. Instruments of Precision, Meteorology A. L. Rotch. Furniture and Accessories : • • David Urquhart, jr. TextUe Fabrics, etc Prof. William H. Oiandler. XXI XXn UNIVEBSAL EXPOSITION OF 1889 AT PARIS. CONTENTS OF VOLUME II — continued. Wearing Apparel and Accessories A. Van Bergen. Jewelry, etc George F. Eunz. Products of Mining and Metallurgy Prof. William H. Chandler. Fiber Culture and Machinery Charles R. Dodge. Chemical and Pharmaceutical Products Prof. S. B. Newbury. Chemical Laboratories Prof. WiUiam H. Chandler . Preservation of Wood Prof. William H. Chandler. Hygiene, Public Charities, etc Prof. William H. Chandler. CONTENTS OF VOLUME m. General Review of Group VI and of the different classes it includes Prof. Charles B. Richards. General Mechanics Prof. Charles B. Richards. Apparatus and Methods of Mining and Metallurgy . Henry M. Howe. Machine Tools Prof. John H. Barr. Knitting and Embroidering Machines J. M. Merrow. Manufacture of Brick and Tiles . . . : H. D. Woods. Railway Plant Prof. Lewis M. Haupt. Civil Engineering, PubUo Works, and Architec- ture Prof. William Watson. CONTENTS OF VOLUME IV. Electricity Carl Hering. MiUtary and Life-Saving Material Capt. D. A. Lyle. Alimentary Products A. Howard Clark. :^ermented Drinks Charles M. Leoser, Horticulture David King. CONTENTS OF VOLUME V. Agriculture, Cultivation of the Vine, etc Prof. Charles V. Riley. Agricultural Exhibit and Agricultural Products of the United States Prof. Charles V. Riley and other experts of the Department of Agricultxire. Paris Exposition of 1889. Plate VII. MEDAL. (DumrtiM ol .ill i2S acres. In the Champ de ]\[ars, Avliich Avas the controlling feature of the Exposition, Avere placed the ex- hibits of the tine arts, the liberal arts, the divers industrial ex- hibits, and the machini>s ; in the Trocaden^ horticulture ; on the Quai d'Oi-say, agriculture and agricultural machines and alimentary products ; in the Esplanade des Im^alides, exposi- tions of the War Doi)artnient and schools and of the colonies and countries under the jirotection of France. The })lan of the Exposition buildings on the Champ de Mars resembles the Roman capital PI The broad vertical member represents the Palace of Machines and the building for REPORT OF THE OOMMISSIONER-GEWERAL. 9 French industrial products close to it. The length of these buildings takes up the whole breadth of the Champ de Mars. The upper horizontal member contains the foreign exliibits and the French Exhibit of the Liberal Arts. The lowest horizontal member also contains foreign exhibits, and the exhibit of the Fine Arts. The short middle member is the nave of the in- dustrial building, and at its extremity is its main dome. The details can only be properly shown in the plans and in expert reports. OPENING OF THE EXPOSITION. By Monday, May 6, the date of the formal opening of the Exposition, the whole of the United States Exhibit, with some insignificant exceptions, was in place. Much, however, re- mained to be done in the other sections, French as well as foreign. At the ceremony of the opening, the grand central dome was filled with seats occupied by the senators and members of the Chamber of Deputies of France, by its judges, high officers of the army and navy, the members of the diplomatic corps, and the commissioners-general of the exhibiting nations, and their assistants. In the upper galleries, the ladies who were invited to the ceremony were seated. The President of the Republic, Mr. Camot, arrived at the des- ignated hour, two o'clock. He was escorted by troops, saluted with twenty-one guns, and on his entrance to the tribune in the dome was greeted with the Marseillaise, sung by men's voices and accompanied by a military band. Mr. Tirard, prime minister, and Commissioner-General of the Exposition, received him, and read an address. In it he recited the difficulties that had been overcome in bringing the Exposition to so triumphant a beginning. He continued: Although this munificent result exceeds all hopes, there is nothing in it that should astonish us; progress never goes slow ; new gener- ations constantly replace forces which are exhaiisted or have disap- peared ; science — sovereign power of our century — does not stop the course of its contests, every day it penetrates farther into the secrets of nature ; steam and electricity have already revolutionized the eco- nomic order of the universe,— who can tell the prodigies and surprises 10 UNIVERSAL EXPOSITION OF 1889 AT PARIS. they still hold for us and our descendants ? Inventions, discover- ies, improvements succeed each other with stunning rapidity; nothing can resist this enormous push forward ; mills, work-shops, factories, stimulated by competition, encouraged by success, undergo constant transformations, upon which we can congratulate ourselves, since the result is an abundance of things necessary for life, the lessening of their prices, and consequently the increase of the general welfare. After reciting the obligations of agriculture to science, con- gratulating the French artists on their progress, thanking the foreign commissioners and the representatives of the French colonies, he ended by saying : Let us receive and joyfully entertain the foreigners who are al- ready crowding here; let us prove to them that Republican France is hospitable and generous; that she loves and honors the workmen of all nations, and sees in them, not rivals of whom she is jealous, but fellow-workmen who labor with her for the happiness of humanity and the peace of the world. The answer of the President of the Republic was able and dignified. In the course of his speech he said : To-day France glorifies the dawn of a great century which has opened a new era in the history of mankind. To-day we contem- plate, in its brilliancy and in its splendor, the work born of this cen- tury of labor and of progress. We salute the workmen of the whole world, who have brought here the fruits of their labors and the pro- ductions of their genius. We tender a friendly hand to all those who are our fellow-laborers in the work of peace and concord, to which we have invited the nations. We welcome the visitors who, from all points of the compass, within and outside of our frontiers, are already flocking, without regard to distance, to take jiart in our fetes. They will find here a hospitable land, a city liappy to receive thoni, and they will learn the value of calumnies dictated by blind passions upon which even resi)ect for the country could not impose silence. Our dear France is Avorthy of attracting to her the chosen of tlie peoples. She has the vio-ht to ho proud of herself and to cele- brate with head erect the economic centenary, as also the jiolitical centenary, of 1889. After spc^akiug of tlu' enormous strength of France, her in- exliaustible riches, the benefits of liberty, he said tliat he wished in time to see tlie fruit of human labor devoted exclusivelv to the arts of i)ea.ce, and after congratulating and thankino- the engineers, architects, builders, and their fellow- workmen for REPORT OF THE COMMISSIONER-GENERAL. 11 the faitMulness and scieBce that they had shown In their work,, he ended: And now, gentlemen, we are going to visit together the treasures which the world has accumulated in these palaces and these gardens, giving to our country so splendid a testimony of confidence and sym- pathy. After having again wished a cordial welcome to the guests of France, I declare the Exposition of 1889 open. During these ceremonies an enormous and very enthusiastic crowd had gathered, rendering progress slow and difficult, but the President, accompanied by a brilliant following, went over all important parts of the Exposition. When he arrived at any foreign exhibit he was received by its commissioner-general and his staff, and in the case of the United States Exhibit — in which he spent more time than he did in any foreign exhibit — he was also received by the detachment of Marines, which formed an efficient barrier to the crowd. In the evening the grand dome of the Exposition, the Eiffel Tower, and the build- ings of the Trocad^ro were illuminated with thousands of gas- lights, giving a magnificent specimen of an art in which the French are unequalled. The illumination lasted until about 11 p. m., wlien it was extinguished, and the crowd dispersed. Thus ended a day which by its great success alone would have assured the future triumph of the Exposition, had such assur- ance been necessary. OFFICIAL CATALOGUE. During the month of May the Exposition was finally com- pleted. The Official Catalogue of the United States was fin- ished and printed during the month. This work had been commenced in New York by Mr. Tuck, Assistant Commissioner- Greneral, assisted by Professor Blake. It was completed in Paris, with the able assistance of Mr. A. Howard Clark, who devoted much intelligent labor and time to it. The " Informa- tion for the Jury " was collected and translated for the exhib- itors and made ready for the juries. This work was in no respect one of the duties of the Commission and should have been done by the exhibitors, but in a. great many instances the 12 UNIVERSAL EXPOSITION OF 1889 AT PARIS. mere fact that the article was exhibited and its name placed in the catalogue was considered sufficient. This was a seriour; omission, and had it not been made good by the Commission would have been the cause of vital dam- age to the United States Exhibit in the matter of awards. Without tliis information the juries w'ould have been unable to make am- serious examination of the exhibits, and the articles ATould have been considered out of competition. With all important French and foreign exhibits, except those of the United States, the exhibitors had at their own cost prepared printed or lithographed accounts of their exhibits and of the works at which they Avere made, translated into French and accompanied by blue prints or engi-aved illustrations, giving, too, the names of the principal workmen who had been en- gaged in getting up the exhibit. This list of names was im- portant, as the juries awarded medals in many instances to the persons named, sh(iwing their appreciation of the skill and industry exercised bv tliese workmen. In any international exposition liereafter, no exhibit should be received, or in any event be considered complete, xmless it be accompanied by a detailed description of the articles exhibited, with an account of the works, their size, number of persons employed, etc., and a list of persons who, in the opinion of the exhibitors, are worthy of commendation for their work in the manufacture or display of the exhibits. Blanks had been prepared and fm-nished to the exhibitors for the easy transmission of such information, but in maiiv cases no notice was taken of tlieui. The whole force of the office was engaged for a full month in supplying tliis information and translating it for the use of tlie juries. JIany exhibitors, after seeing their exhibits installed, considered their work over, and left them in the hands of subordinates, who, in general, took little interest in them. It was, tlieri'fore, the more neces- sary that this "information" should l)e in tlie possession of the juries. The Official O;italogue, which is appended to this report, gives an accurate list of the persons and corporations, and departments and bureaus of tlie United States Govern- ment that made exhibits. Its examination will demonstrate EEPOET OF THE COMMISSIONER-GENERAL. 13^ that the exhibit in general was very creditable, and that in particular the machinery and agricultural exhibits did honor to the country. As for the electrical exhibits, including the tele- phone, phonograph, and graphophone, they far excelled any- thing similar at the Exposition; in fact, they may be said to have been unique. The United States Section received high praise from the President of the French Republic, the minis- ters who visited the Exposition officially, and from the jurors. The general appreciation of it is shown by the long list of prizes, a large proportion of which were high one&, awarded by the juries. This list is appended to this report. JURIES. The most important duty of the Commissioner-Gleneial in Paris was that connected with the selection of the jurors al- lotted to the United States, and the proper submission of the objects exhibited to the juries for their investigation. The total number of the titular class jurors, French and foreign, was fixed at one thousand, and that of the supplemental jurors at three hundred and thirty-tluree. These numbers were slight- ly increased afterwards. The titular jurors had votes, but the supplemental jurors were not allowed to vote except where the titular jurors were absent, when the supplemental jurors took their places. The number of titular jurors assigned to any nation, and to each branch of art or industry, was de- pendent upon the number of exhibitors and the importance of the exhibits. The number of supplemental jurors allowed was about one-third of the number of titular jurors. The exhibit of the United States was allowed sixty jurors,, forty-four of whom were titular and sixteen supplemental. The French jurors of both kinds were nominated by presi- dential decree on the proposition of the Commissioner-Greneral, Mr. Tirard. They were selected from the citizens of France most distinguished in the specialties which they were to ex- amine, and from those who had obtained high recompenses in the international expositions which had been held previously. The foreign jurors were designated by the commission of the country represented. In the case of the United States, it 14 UNIVERSAL EXPOSITION OF 1889 AT PARIS. was imj^ossible to select the jurors in the United States. It was not known until after the opening of the Exposition how many United States jurors would be allowed, and until the number was known it was impossible to determine to what classes they should be assigned, the number of titular jurors allowed being about one-half the number of classes to be in- vestigated. It was necessary, therefore, to utilize all members and employes of the United States Commission who had any technical knowledge, and who could be spared from then- ordinary duties. Some State commissioners served, also a very few persons of technical knowledge came from the United States to serve, and the remainder were selected from citizens of the United States resident in Paris, whose occupa- tions were likely to have given them the required technical knowledge. The Commissioner-General was authorized by the law to determine the pay of the jurors ; but to have paid any- thing, commensurate with the labor and tim« required by a juror who did his duty would have absorbed at least one- fourth of the appropriation for the whole United States Sec- tion. It was impossible, therefore, to hold out the induce- ments necessary to take abje men from their work at home to come to Paris to undertake a long and tedious work among strangers, the deliberations and business being carried on in a language with which people in the United States are not gen- erally conversant. Each jury was allowed to call experts to its assistance, with the consent of the Commissioner-General. No exhibitor could serve on a jury unless liis exhibit was considered out of competition. The recompenses to be awarded by the juries were the fol- lowing: Diploniii of grand prize. Diploma of gold modal. Diploina of silver medal. Diploma of bronze medal. Diploma of honorable mention. The class juries were organized on the 12th of June in a meeting held at the Trocadero under the presidency of the REPORT OF THE COMMISSIONER-GENERAL, 15 Commissioner Greneral, and explanations were then made and instructions given by Mr. Berger, the Director-G-eneral of Man- agement. Each jury at its first meeting chose a president, vice-president, a reporter and a secretary. The president and ■vice-president were to be, one French, the other foreign, and eight vice-presidents were chosen from tlae jurors of tlie United States. The office of reporter is not used with us. His duties seem to be to keep such a record of what is being done that no time shall be lost in determining the next business, and his record will always give to the members of the jury in- formation of the state of the work. He is the journalist of the jury, and to that degree performs the work that is done by a, secretary with us. The jut-ies began work at once. They worked steadily at all available hours, until everything exhibited for competition was examined. I have never seen snch honest, conscientious, hard work as was done by this large number of distinguished men, who served without pay. Their reward was the apprecia- tion by their countrymen and foreign exhibitors of their dis- interested labors, and the consciousness — which they have a right to hold — that no body of men ever performed a delicate and laborious task with more industry, with greater ability, and with a better sense of justice to all. Their work was finished by the 25th of July. At this date the group juries met. These juries were composed of the presidents, vice- presidents, and reporters of the class jurors. Each group jury had a president, vice-president, and reporter, who were named by presidential decree on the nomination of the Commissioner- Greneral, except in Group I, whose officers were nominated by the Minister of Public Instruction and Fine Arts. Three vice-presidents of group juries were taken from citizens of the United States. It was the duty of these juries to go over the awards made by the class juries, and make such changes in the number and grades of awards as they thought proper. When the result of the work of any class jury was before the group jury, the members of the class jury had a right to be present and to be heard. The deliberations of the group juries were finished in the 16 UNIVERSAL EXPOSITION OF 1889 AT PARIS. early part of August. The superior jur}- met on August 26. Its honorary president was the Commissioner-General, and the honorary vice-presidents were the Minister of Public Instruction and Fine Arts and the Minister of Agriculture. It was com- posed of eighty members, forty French and forty foreign. The French members were the principal officers of the Exposition, the members of the superior committee of revision, the presi- dents and vice-presidents of the group juries, the president of the special jm-y on social economy, the chiefs of cabinets of the Commissioner-General, and of the Ministers of Instruction and Fine Arts and of Agriculture. The foreign members were the commissioners-general of countries which had more than five hundred exhibitors. The United States, therefore, had four members of this jury, but only three were present, the fourth having been obliged to return to the United States after the first meeting of the jury. It was the duty of this jury to examine the findings of the group juries, and finally, and as a court of last resort, to determine the lists in each class in the order of merit of the recompenses which should be awarded to exhibitors. The first meeting of the jurv was opened with a speech from the Commissioner-General, supplemented by a re- port from Mr. Berger, Director-General of ^Management. The jury was too large to act as a unit, and a sub-commission (com- mittee) of twenty -five members of the jury, composed of the best artistic, economic, agi-icultural, and technical talent of France, with some foreigners, was formed, to which the whole subject was refeiTed, and the jury adjourned to await their action. Two citizens of the United States were members of this committee. It was understood that the report of this com- mittee would be acted upon by the superior jury as a unit, and such was its action. The foreign commissiomTs-geueral had the right to be present at any meeting of this committee when the interests of their exhibitors were involved in the discussions. Each group from I to IX was taken up in numerical order, and reports were made by the presidents, or other-officers of the group juries, giving the lists of recompenses recommended, and re- citing the complaints of exhibitors which had been made in EEPOKT OF THE COMMISSIOJSTER-GENEEAL. 17 writing. Then any foreign commissioner-general, or some one appointed by him, could state complaints verbally, and after the investigation considered necessary by the committee, the decision was made. . In cases in which the group and class juries agreed upon a particular award, the question was con- sidered closed. These reports embodied the final action of the group juries as to awards to be made, and were discussed fully by the committee. The discussions were able, as may be in- ferred from the composition of the committee. As was stated by Mr. Berger, Director-General of Management: Had it been possible to place in permanent form the elevated sen- timents that were exchanged, to describe the great industrial, eco- nomic, and artistic questions that were treated in the course of the discussion, with wonderful breadth, the Exposition would leave after it one document more to attest the value of the men who have figured in its juries. The report of this committee was made to the jury on Sep- tember 11. After a short discussion it was unanimously adopted by the superior jury. A report from Mr. Berger gives a succinct account of the work of the committee. A transla- tion of it is appended. PUBLICATION OF AWARDS. The number of recompenses of all degrees awarded was 33,1<38. This enormous list was immediately classified and printed, and was ready by September 29, the date of the formal publication of the awards. This ceremony, which was attended with great dignity, took place in the Palais de I'lndustrie, in the large apartment that takes up the whole ground floor. The magnificent room was highly ornamented with tapestries and banners arranged with exquisite skill, and was filled by fifteen thousand persons, men and women, seated, well dressed, and in general connected in some way with the Exposition. The south end of the room was taken up by an ascending stag6, upon which were displayed the standards of France and her colonies, supported by natives in their national dress, and to these were afterwards added the standards of the foreign nations that took part in the Exposition, supported by their H. Ex. 410 3 18 UNIVERSAL EXPOSITION OF 1889 AT PAKly. guardians. This an-angement formed a magnificent tableau vivant, and the best artistic and architectural skill at the com- mand of the Exposition contributed to its success. On the right of the stage was a large tribune, in which were seated the President and cabinet, and near them were Madame Carnot and other ladies. In front of the President were seats for senators, deputies, judges, , members of the Institute, and other officials, all of which were well filled by persons in official dress. From the end of the room opposite the stage, a grand stairway descended to the floor, and from the top of the stairway the procession appeared, moving towards the President. This was made up, fii-st of the commissioners- general and their staff's and assistants of the foreign nations, in alphabetical order, escorted by their guardians, all in full di-ess. They made a brilliant show, and the fine appearance of the marine detachment caused the United States procession to be received with a great burst of enthusiasm. Second were specimens of French soldiers, of marines and sailors, representing the war and navy departments. Third came the representatives of the nine groups into which the Exposition was divided, with characteristic banners representing artistic and industrial France. Then came the representatives of the colo- nies, and last of all, the members of the Institute of Fine Ai-ts. As each commission came in front of the President, its standards -were lowered and its members saluted him. The guardians with the standards moved on to the stao-e and took positions previously designated by the architect, thus helping to make up the brilliant display of all nations shown on the stage. The members of the connnissions took seats that had been assigned to tlieiu. During the passage of the procession, brilliant music was played by a band, and the air seemed filled with banners and standards and flags lighted up with gold and brilliant colors. The procession ^vas a grand artistic success. • As soon as the procession had passed, the President arose and made a short and excellent speech. He called attention to the foct that, five months before, he had opened the Exposi- tion, and had welcomed the guests of France, exhibitoi-s and visitors, to her hospitality. He now thanked them for their REPORT OF THE COMMISSIONER-GENERAL. 19 valuable help, which had in so great a degree contributed to the success of the Exposition. He continued: The splendors of modern art and industry have not only grati- fied the eyes of visitors : they lead to study, they solicit compari- sons, they excite ideas, they disseminate germs of progress in the world of labor, they engender fruitful efforts for improving the means of production. Thus the Exposition of 1889 will perpetuate itself. It will bear other fruits no less precious, by popularizing the latest conquests of industrial mechanics, the fittest processes for guaranteeing the safety of the workmen and the healthfulness of the shop, by calling attention to the methods of instruction in all countries, above all to the methods of technical instruction, insepara- ble from the liberty of labor. The Exposition has not been merely an exhibition of things : it has been an exhibition of ideas. The international congresses, to which eminent men of all countries have contributed their ideas upon science, art, letters, economic and social questions, will leave the most precious documents. An entire group of the Exposition, specially devoted to social economy, has collected priceless treas- ures of information upon production and the methods of making it easier. Here has been shown the glorification of the work of 1789, the emancipation of industry, and a complete picture of one of the greatest economic and social revolutions of humanity. Such rich- ness, gentlemen, will form a mine precious to explore at this time, when more than ever the study of all questions relating to work, to production, to credit, to association, and to savings is upon us ; now, when the examination and defense of our commercial interests re- quire, equally, vigilance and coolness, at the very moment when patriotism, with peace within and without, with agreement among our citizens, demands a practical and productive policy. If the Ex- position of 1889 opens to our country this era of pacification and work, it will have borne the fruits that patriots expect of it. Its benefits will not stop at our frontiers. The guests whom France has welcomed with joy, and from whom she will not part without regret, will have learned to know her. The enlightened opinions that they will have, the feelings with which they will return to their own countries, cannot be without effect upon the relations between the peoples. The policy to which France is faithful will have found new defenders, and the Exposition of 1889 will have again served the great cause of peace and humanity. The President was followed by Mr. Tirard, president of the Council, Minister of Commerce and of Industry, Commissioner- General of the Exposition. He referred to the pride which all Frenchmen justly felt on account of the signal success of the 20 UNIVERSAL EXPOSITION OF 1889 AT PARIS. Exposition, to the badly founded fears of failure to which superficial political agitation had given rise, to the appro- priateness of the date of the opening of the Exposition — Placing in relief the enormous and constant progress realized in all branches of human activity since that memorable epoch which saw ancient privileges, the oppression and abasement of the people, disappear, to give place to the emancipation of labor, to free prop- erty in the soil, to the right of all citizens to hold public office, to civil equality, and to the obligations of all to the law. This coin- cidence of the celebration of the centennial of the Revolution of 1789 with a great international exposition is not then, as seems to have been believed, a sterile political manifestation, but is really the demonstration of the power and vitality of a free nation, which, faithful to the traditions of its race, is constantly laboring to ameliorate the lot of the citizens who compose it. In fact, the ex- positions of the present day are not what they were at their origin, enormous markets, having no other object than a trade in merchan- dise : these expositions^and that which now occupies us. abundantly proves it — have a more extended and higher range. They show, not only new or improved products, new inventions or discoveries, but also efforts, attempted or successful, which have for their object the increase of general well-being. He then gave a general sketch of the varit)us exhibits of all kinds, laying particular stress upon the great improvement in technical or professional education of voung men and ^-oung women who wish to learn trades. " To properh' appre- ciate the advantages of i)ublic and private technical schools (which are often in truth but preparations for apprenticeships) it must be remembered wliat apprenticeships reallv were form- erly, and we must gratefidly admire the founders and instruct- ors of these schools, mIio devote their time and their mone^- to works now justly considered as indispensable to the pros- perity of industry." He tlianked the juries for their faitlifill, zealous, and able work. He stated that the number of exhibi- tors exceeded 60,000; that tlie group juries granted 32,4(;s recompenses, and that the superior jury raised the number to 32,949, distributed thus : Diplonma of grand prizes 903 Diplomas of gold medals 5, 153 Diplomas of silver medals 9^ GOO DiplomjiH of bronze medals 9, 333 Diplomas of honorable mention 8, 070 EEPORT OP THE COMMISSIONBR-aENEEAL. 21 Besides, 5,500 medals of various kinds were awarded to " collaborators," workmen who were noted for skill and ability and faithfulness in the work-shops in which the exhibits were prepared. He also stated that, as every exhibit had merit, it was proposed to present to all exhibitors not mentioned in the above lists commemorative medals. He then cordially thanked all persons connected with the Exposition, whether as officers, or exhibitors, or foreign commissioners, for their valuable as- sistance in making a success of the Exposition. He ended as follows : We shall wisely and resolutely continue the work of 1889 without permitting the constantly recurring exactions of new ideals to weary and discourage us. We will rememher that the social reforms dimly seen by our fathers, and whose outcome we realize, are obtained neither by surprise nor by violence, and that to produce sure and durable results, they must be patiently and progressively attained. Thus, gentlemen, will France continue its ascending march in the direction of progress and civilization, with the worship of liberty, with the love of labor, which is to-day the master of the world. After Mr. Tirard had finished, Mr. Berger, the Director- Greneral of Management, read the names of those who had re- ceived grand prizes, and the printed copies of the lists of awards were presented to the representatives of the nine groups. Then, after music, the assembly dispersed. It was the design of the Exposition authorities to show that the republic of to-day, without aid from royalty, could make as impressive a final display as any that , had been made pre- viously at any other exposition. Its success was signal, and all who were present at the distribution of awards — which may be considered the closing ceremony of the Exposition — came away convinced that they had never witnessed a more dignified, more impressive, or more beautiful spectacle. PACKING OF EXHIBITS. After the publication of the awards the official connection between the French administration and foreign commissions virtually ceased. The Exposition went on as usual during October and up to the 6th of November, when it was quietly closed without any ceremony. The work of demohtion and 22 UNIVERSAL EXPOSITION OF 1889 AT PARIS. of taking down and packing exhibits began on the next day, and in an incredibly short time the beautiful halls of the Ex- position buildings became scenes of, apparently, dire confu- sion. But as the goods were gradually packed and removed order soon sprang up again, and by November 30 everything was ready for shipment. But the shipment was a tedious and difficult work. The French custom-house authorities insisted upon placing leaden seals on each package to avoid danger of fraud, and exacted formal declarations covering each exhibit. The time required to comply with these regulations caused our shipments to extend over a space of three weeks longer than would have been necessary had our official labels been con- sidered sufficient guaranty of good faith. CONGRESSES. No less than seventy international congresses sat at Paris between the 12th of June and the close of the Exposition. The list which is herewith given shows the great variety of subjects which were discussed. Although the honorable Secretary of State and myself were asked to designate persons from the United States to sit in these congresses, we had little success in getting them. A few came from the United State?; to attend them, but they were not detailed officiallv, and there was no official record of them at the office of the United States Commission. Several persons connected with the Commission were, however, designated and did attend. The sessions only lasted for three or four days, and the proceedings were in gen- eral laid out beforehand, and there was not much original dis- cussion. But nearly all subjects interesting to scientific men and students of economic, hygienic, and social science were touched upon, and the journals of the congresses, Avhich will be published hereafter, will doubtless be of great value to all interested in the subjects. GENERAL DEPARTMENTS OP THE EXPOSITION. An international ex))osition of the present day ma^- be nat- urally separated into three departments: (1) The industrial department, which may be considered REPORT OF THE COMMISSIONER-GEWERAL. 23 an enormous collection of advertisements. Tlie goods are there displayed to show their merits,, their advantages over the same classes of goods in their own and foreign countries, and the exhibit is arranged to catch the eye of the visitor, as the show windows of shops are ornamented to attract those pass- ing in the street. There would be little inducement for manufacturers to make exhibits unless they expected to increase their sales by them. The fact that the exhibits were in general so fine in the Expo- sition of 1889 is good evidence that manufacturers have reaped benefits from former expositions. Nevertheless, there is a cer- tain sameness, almost amounting to monotony, in industrial exhibits of ordinary fabrics and machines in all expositions. (2) The instructive department. The exhibits in the Ex- position of 1889 which were intended to throw light upon sub- jects for study, like those of the history of work, the history of human habitations, social science, the exhibits from the various official departments, tliat of the city of Paris, and many others too numerous to mention, exceeded in their variety, the skill of their arrangement, the scientific, technical, and historic knowledge shown in tlie descriptive catalogues, anything of a similar kind that has ever been shown in any exposition. A visitor interested in any of the subjects treated, who would make a thorough examination of the exhibit of his subject, would obtain a fund of information that would amply reward him for the time taken, and which he could get nowhere else in as compact a shape. A short resume of the history of work has been prepared by Col. Wickham Hoffioaan. It is appended to this report. The same gentleman has also translated information on the Social Science Exhibit, which may almost be considered a newly discovered group. It was arranged in fifteen classes, under the direction of Mr. Le'on Say, the president of the jury of the new group, whose distinguished reputation as a social scientist is well borne out by the great success of the exhibit. This translation is also appended to this report. One of the most interesting exhibits in the history of labor is contained in the war department building on the Esplanade 24 UNIVEESAL EXPOSITION OF 1889 AT PABIS. des Invalides. It is a collection of armor and arms belonging- to Mr. William H. Riggs, a citizen of the United States resi- dent in Paris, and is one of the most complete, if not the most complete, private collection of the kind in existence. It brings the history of armor down from the first use of metallic armor until it was discarded, and of arms from bows and cross-bows to modem fire-arms. Mr. Riggs has spent many years and an enormous amount of money in bringing the collection to its present state of perfection. There are many objects in it, too, of great historic interest, all, however, belonging to the sub- ject of armor and arms. It is very large, and although the room in which it was contained was at least sixty by forty feet, .and was well tilled, only about two-thirds of the collection could be exhibited for want of space. Unfortunately, Mr. Riggs was unable to catalogue the collection on account of serious illness, so that it is only mentioned in the French offi- cial catalogue without any description. The subject is mentioned here because it is the intention of Mr. Riggs to present the whole collection, without exception, to the National Museum at Washington, pro^•ided the United States will furnish a fireproof building for it, mth means for its care and preservation, and call it the Elisha W Riggs Col- lection ; this was the name of his father, who was a citizen of the District of Columbia. He ^^■as too ill to attend to the business of making the conditional transfer to the authorities of the National Museum, who were in Paiis dui'ing the sum- mer ready to do all that could legally be done in the matter. It has been estimated by experts in such matters that the col- lection could not be duplicated at a cost of less than one mil- lion dollars, and some of the historical pieces could not be re- placed at any price. If, therefore, Congress would authorize some one connected with the National iMuseuni to negotiate with Mr. Riggs, coininitting the Ignited States to comply with his modest recjuests upon proper presentation to the United States, these (extremely valuable and artistic relics would soon be transferred to the city of Washington, and would, I am sure, be one of the most attractive features in the National Museum. I append a letter from xMr. John Durand, a citizen BEPOKT OF THE COMMISSIONER-GENERAL. 25 of the United States resident in Paris, and a correspondent of the Smithsonian Institution and the National Museum, which gives a general statement of the contents of the collection. (3) The amusement department. No exposition has ever contained within itself so much to interest and amuse every class of visitors as that of 1889. During the day the Eiffel Tower, about one thousand feet high — which was ascended by elevators, a combination of French and United States inventions — had at its foot a line of thousands awaiting their turn at the cage of the elevator. Those who came as late as ten o'clock in the morning were obliged to wait for hours, but if the day was clear they were amply repaid by the view from the top for the time lost. At the height of about three hundred and twenty feet from the ground there was a platform, on which were built restaurants which were much frequented, and this platform was a favorite stopping place. The grounds of the Trocad(iro were devoted to the display of flowers, trees, and fruits. They were an endless source of amusement to visitors. The grounds, lawns, and flower-beds on the Champ de Mars were kept in beautiful order, constantly renewed, and with the numerous fountains on the grounds, which were of great beauty and were in full view from the large restaurants which skirted the sides of the buildings, the visitor was constantly interested. During the whole time of the Exposition there was music by excellent military bands in the grounds of the Champ de Mars every afternoon. Various theaters on the Champ de Mars, where light pieces were per- formed for a small price of admission, were in action day and night, and several eastern theatrical dancing exhibitions could be seen at any time in the Rue du Caire, on the Champ de Mars, or on the Esplanade des Invalides. The grand dome of the Exposition and the Palace of the Trocaddro, at opposite ends of the great inclosure, were il- luminated, and the colored fountains of the Champ de Mars played every evening; on Sunday evenings and on the evening^ of f^te-days, and other grand occasions, like that of the visit of the Shah of Persia, the Eiffel Tower was also illuminated,, 26 UNIVERSAL EXPOSITION OF 1889 AT PAKIS. and the illumination of the Trocadero Palace was made more general. At least two tickets were required for admission after six o'clock of tlie afternoon, except on Sundays, when but one ticket was required. On great occasions the price was raised to five tickets, and on the occasion of the Shah's ^nsit to ten tickets. It is a well-known fact that the French excel all other people in the art of ornamental illumination. Every de- tail connected with the illumination of the Exposition build- ings, fountains, and grounds was elaborately worked out, so that it may easily be imagined what a source of interest and pleasure these nightly illuminations ^vere to the hundreds of thousands of visitors, who waited long hours and bore every inconvenience of crowding and of weather to see them. On many occasions the crowd was enormous, but it was always good-natured, and the simultaneous expressions of surprise, admiration, and delight that came from thousands of voices when the fountains were suddenly lighted up was an amusing and impressive feature of the scene. GENERAL REMARKS. One of the results of the Exposition is that the relations be- tween France and all nations which exhibited are made closer and more friendh' through it. The French were wise enough to give timely notice to all distant nations in Asia, Africa, and America which were likeh' to exhibit, that the Exposition was to be held, and to induce many to send exhibits who had ne\er l)efore appeared in an exposition. These nati^)ns, therefore, not only exhibited their productions, but in many cases sent enough of their people, some of high positions, to show their ])eculiar i-ustoms and manner of living, forming a kind of colony which was interesting and instructive. These people were ver^' kindlv treated, and were shown whatever was to he seen in the Ex- position and in Paris. They A\ere in general intelligent and observing, and the result is that their nations will learn more from them, as to the greatness of France as a nation, as a pro- ducer, and as a generous host, than they would have learned in fifty years without the Exposition. They will look upon KEPOET OF THE COMMISSIONER-GENERAL. 27 the French as the greatest people of modern times as organ- izers, producers, and artists, and the French will reap enormous benefits as the first civilized people who developed themselves to these nations. The perfection of the administration of the Exposition, the magnificent show of industrial and agricultural products, the exhibits of the fine arts, which have never been equaled, the splendid works of engineering and agriculture which are shown in all parts of the grounds, the intelligent exhibits of the his- tory of work, the colonial exhibits, in fact, everything con- nected with the Exposition, convinces an intelligent observer that the nation which could thoroughly organize so grand a work must at least be' abreast of all modern nations in works of industry and art, and in the ability to organize and utilize the brains and muscles of its people. Whatever may have been the reputation of France before the Exposition in these respects, it must be acknowledged that no other nation in the world could at this time have equaled France in its exposition of modern fine arts or could have exceeded it in any other department of the Exposition ; and it is certain that no such great result, due to ability of adminis- tration and energy of purpose and to the enormous wealth of objects — the results of industry and art — has ever been at- tained by any other nation or can be surpassed in the near future. The fact that the Exposition was held in Paris was one great cause of its brilliant success. Within three miles of the Champ de Mars three millions of people lived. Although the cab or fiacre system was imperfect, it was perhaps as good as it would have been anywhere else, and it was well supple- mented by the steamboats on the Seine, and by street-rail- ways and omnibuses, regular and improvised. The most painful spectacle in all Paris, however, was the unchecked brutality and recklessness of cab and fiacre drivers, and the sufferings of the fiacre horses. Much of the pleasure of driv- ing in the streets of Paris was destroyed by the constant sight of this cruelty and by the insolence of the drivers. The main entrance of the Exposition was on the Quai d'Orsay, near the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, not more than ten 28. UNIVERSAL EXPOSITION OF 1889 AT PAEIS. minutes' walk from the Place de la Concorde. The principal feeders were, however, the entrances from the Place du Tro- cad^ro and on the Avenue Rapp. There were, however, wickets for entrances well distributed, so that in general there was not much crowding at them. The places for exit were not so numerous, and late at night, at the close, they were very crowded, and there was great difficulty tn getting away on account of the scarcity of cabs. Another result of the Exposition was a great increase of prosperity from the enormous amount of money brought into France, and more especially into Paris, by its means. The figures are given in another part of this report. Nearly the whole working population of Paris reaped some moneyed benefit from the large expenditure, and thousands of the in- habitants, who would have been in misery through the whole season, were in comparative comfort in consequence of it. It is not the province of this report to give an opinion as to the effect of this state of things on the election of September 22 for deputies ; but it cannot be improper to state that in no city was there ever a quieter or more orderly election than it was, whether the improved condition of the voters had or had not any effect on their conduct at the polls. One result of this Exposition, which, however, has been common to all international expositions, is that the nations which exhibit get closer to each other in the style of their manufactures, more particularly in that of their steam and other machinery. The technical men, who make a studA- of the exhibits, examine carefully everything in their own lines of work, and if they see anything in any exhibit which is suj)f- rior to their own articles in that line, they have it adopted in their work. As this is true of the technical men of all exhib- iting nations who are present at an Exposition, the result has been that the machines to do the same work in different nations of Europe and in the United States resemble each other more closely in all respects than the}' did twenty years ago. , The same remarks apply in a- less degree to all fabrics. TheA- are more nearly alike now in taste and material and work than they were when international expositions began. Slionld this REPORT OF THE COMMISSIONER-GENERAL. 29 approximation continue in international expositions that are to follow, the people of th'e various exhibiting nations must be forced to think more nearlv alike, and will, therefore, be brought nearer each other. Such a result must conduce to the benefit of the human race, and will be one of the most im- portant due to such expositions. Another of the results of the Exposition of 1889 will be the more general use of iron hereafter in architecture, not only as ornament, but as a building material nearly as necessary and important as stone or brick. All of the beautiful outlines of the buildings in the Champ de Mars were due to iron construction. The principal supports of the buildings were iron. The frames of the domes were iron. The filling between the forms was, in general, a cheap brick or stucco material, and the covers of the domes were encaustic tile. The roofs were generally of glass in iron frames. For constructions for an exposition, this cheapness is doubtless necessary, but the glass roofs were always a source of trouble from leakage. Architects are agreed that iron is not a proper material for artistic constnictive work in important buildings, but, in spite of the principles of art, it is coming more generally into use, and the example of the buildings on the Champ de Mars will have influence in extending the style of buildings there employed. Terra cotta and plaster of Paris were used for the carved work and statuary of the buildings generally, and, as all of it was done with great artistic skill, the effect was very fine. The shortness of the time for collecting the exhibit of the United States and delivering it in Paris was a source of em- barrassment in many ways. Our acceptance of the invitation to participate in the Ex- position was only delivered in July, 1888, less than ten months before the date of the opening of the Exposition. We were the last large industrial nation which applied for an assignment of space, so that our choice was necessarily the last. It is probable that the spaces so assigned in Machinery Hall and in the Industrial Section were large enough for our exhibits, but 30 UWIVEBSAL EXPOSITION OF 1889 AT PARIS. their location would have been in more prominent places had we been among the first to apply. The location of our exhibit in Group II was very bad, being off the ordinary lines of com- munication, and on an upper floor, so that this very creditable exhibit was somewhat neglected by visitors, although well ap- preciated by the juries. Other foreign exhibits in the same group — inferior to ours — had prominent positions, and we could doubtless have had one of these, if we had been earlier in the field. Our Agricultural Exhibit^ which was inferior to none in the Exposition, was more than a mile from the United States ex- hibits of machinery and industrial products, and nearly the whole distance was taken up with agricultural exhibits of France and other nations, crowded with visitors, rendering ac- cess to it a long and tedious work to any one whose object was to view all of the United States exhibits in one visit to the Ex- position. As all of the agricultural exhibits were thrown upon the Quai d'Orsay — outside of the Champ de Mars — it is doubt- ful whether, on account of the enormous size of the exhibits, any better arrangement could have been made. Still, the verj- mention of the distance gives an idea of the magnitude of the Exposition. But if all the United States exhibits could have been placed together, the display would have been finer, and their effect, as a whole, would have been more strikinp-. The same remarks as to distance apply to the Art Exhibit of the United States. It was a long distance from ^lachinerv Hall and from our Industrial Exhibit, and was on a second floor at the extreme end of the Palais des Beaux Arts. To reach it, the visitor's most natural course was to go through the whole French Exhibit and se^-eral foreign art exhibits. These were always crowded, and by the time the United States Exhibit was reached, the eye had been already satisfied and the visitor fatigued. The republics of Mexico and those of Central and South America, whose exhibits contained no machines, and were mainly composed of agricultural products, obtained prominent places for them by erecting special buildings on the Champ de Mars, which were very creditable in size and architecture, REPORT OF THE COMJIISSIONER-GENERAL. 31 and some of tliem very costly. The name of the country to which the building belonged was displayed on the facade. As many of these republics were exhibiting for the first time in an international exposition, they thus had the means of making their exhibits known and noticeable. In the case of the United States, its exhibit was too large and too varied to be placed in a special building, and besides it had been known as an exhibitor in ^ery international exposition, so that no advertisement was necessary, and the appropriation would not have justified the necessary expenditure ; neither could a proper site for the erection of such a building have been obtained at the late date of the acceptance of the invitation to participate in the Exposition. The law authorizing the acceptance of the invitation to the Exposition was defective in the omission to authorize or require the various departments, bureaus, and museums of the General Grovemment to send exhibits, with one exception — ^the Depart- ment of Agriculture. When application was made to the offi- cials in charge for the loan of exhibits, the answer given was in nearly all cases that the property of the United States could not be allowed to go out of their control without the special au- thority of law. To this there was no answer. There were a few exceptions, but in general there was no moneyed respon- sibility involved. An attempt was made to get a law passed giving the necessary authority, but it was not successful. The general interest in the United States Exhibit would have been greater, and its appearance much improved, if the departments and museums had exhibited. Although our space was filled, the governmental exhibits would have taken the place of some small and insignificant exhibits which were not creditable to the United States. Besides, when the invitation was accepted, it ought to have been with the understanding that everything that the Government could do, in the time and with the means available, should be done to add to the value and interest of the exhibits. Another defect was, the amount of the pay of jurors was left to the discretion of the Commissioner-General. Jurors ought to play a more important part in international exposi- 32 tJNIVERSAL EXPOSITION OF 1889 AT PARIS. tiijus than they have hitherto. If they do their duty, they get perfect information on the classes to which they are assigned, and should be able to make valuable reports. In the Exposi- tion of 1889, sixty jurors Avere allowed the United States. Some came from the United States purposely to serve on juries; others were travelers who consented to stay awhile at Paris for the same purpose ; others were Frenchmen or citizens of the United States resident in Paris; and 'the remainder were the commissioners expert, and other officials of the Commis- sion. The pay of those who came from the United States to serve should be enough to cover all expenses of travel and living abroad for six weeks at least, with a reasonable per diem allowance in addition. Those who stop at the place of the Exposition to sit as jurors should have their expenses paid while at the place, as should those Avho reside at the place of the Exposition. Those detailed from experts and other offi- cials should not be paid. All should be required to make reports to the commissioners expert, and should receive a small compensation for them. But in any event, the amounts should be fixed by the laAv, and should not be contingent upon the amounts available from the appropriation for the cost of the Exposition after that cost is paid. UNITED STATES AWARDS TO EXHIBITORS. The United States fared better than any other foreign nation in the number and nature of the awards arauted to its exhibit- ors. A list, giving the names of those recompensed and the kind of award given, is appended. From this it appears that the whole number of aAA-ards to the exhibit of the United States is 1,044:, distributed as follows: Diplomas of grand prizes 55 Diplomas of gold medals 214 Diplomas of silver medals 300 Diplomas of bronze medals 346 Diplomas of honorable mention 229 Totiil 1 , 044 This number is greater than at any preceding interna- tional exposition, and the United States has "good grounds EEPORT OF THE COMMISSIONER-GENERAL. 33 for pride in this result. It is to be feared that there will be a good deal of delay in the distribution of the diplomas, as the delivery of the plate, which was to have been finished by Jan- uary 1, was postponed until March 1, and an official statement has been made that the diplomas will not, in consequence, be ready until August 31. The date has been since postponed to November 15, 1890. FINANCES. It has already been stated that the whole cost of the Expo- sition was not to exceed $8,600,000, of which amount the state contributed $2,400,000, the city of Paris $1,600,000, and the remainder, $3,600,000, was to be furnished by a guaranty association, which was to receive as payment whatever amount accrued from the sale of tickets at 1 franc (20 cents) each. This arrangement prohibited all gratuitous admissions, and would have embarrassed the management. As late as March 20, 1889, a new contract was made with an association of banks and bankers, which relieved the guaranty association, and undertook to furnish, besides the $3,600,000, an additional amount of $700,000. To reimburse this association, it was authorized to issue bonds to the value of $6,000,000, each bond promising to pay $5, and having attached to it twenty- five ticket coupons, detachable at will, and each good for one entrance to the Exposition. Each bond was also a lottery ticket. There are to be eighty-one drawings of the lottery, six of which took place during the Exposition. The remainder are distributed over a period of seventy-five years, when $5 are to be paid to the holder of each bond on presentation, without reference to what may have been drawn in the lot- tery. This arrangement was a success, and the bonds sold easily, so that the whole amount available for the Exposition was increased to $9,300,000. This increase was a great boon to the Exposition authorities, as it enabled them, without draw- ing upon the amounts set aside for the whole cost of the Ex- position, to meet the payment of $360,000 guaranteed to the Society of Electricians for lighting the Exposition at night. This society consisted of French and foreign electrical light companies which were exhibitors. They were to be paid the H. Ex. 410 3 34 UNIVERSAL EXPOSITION OF 1889 AT PAEIS. receipts of the evenings at the entrances, but they were in any- event guaranteed the sum of $360,000. A sum estimated at $60,000 or $80,000 was also set aside from the increased amount available, for the cost of the medals and diplomas of awards to exhibitors. The state and the city of Paris each contributed nearly $200,000 to the various fites, balls at the Palace of Industry, fetes of the opening of the Exposition, the distribution of awards, etc. , Sums were also appropriated for the cost of the dinners, receptions, and fStes of all kinds given by the President of the Republic and the ministers, as accompaniments of the Exposition. If to the appropriations indicated above be added the cost of the exhibi- tions of the history of labor, which must have been nearly $1,000,000, and that of the colonial exhibits, all of which it is understood were undertaken by the state, and that of the ex- hibition by the city of Paris, it is estimated that the whole cost of the Exposition must have amounted to about 812,000,000. To offset this large amount, the state and the city of Paris both received large accessions of revenue due to the Exposi- tion. Thus the increase in revenue receipts for the first nine months of 1889 over the con-esponding period of 1888 (not including the duties or taxes on sugar and salt) was $5,000,000. Of this amount $2,701,000 was from customs (salt and sugar not included), and $2,202,000 from the taxes on matches, to- bacco, post, and telegraphs. Some of the details are the fol- lowing : Excess of duties on wines and liquors of all kinds f 1, 954, 000 Excess of duties on tobacco 861, 400 Excess of tax on posts more than ". . 1,300,000 Excess of tax on telegraphs 307, iOO Excess of tax on express-train passengers 600, 000 The city of Paris contributed $1,600,000 to the Exposition. The octroi (tax laid by the city on provisions, wines, etc., which were brought into it for consumption) from January 1, 1889, to October 28, 1889, exceeded that for the corresponding period of 1 888 by about $1,800,000. Of this amount $450, 720 was from provisions, and $1,000,000 from wines, etc. In ad- dition to the contributions by the state and the cxix above men- tioned, each appropriated $200,000 for public fetes, banquets, EEPOET OP THE COMMISSIONER-GENEKAL. 35 ceremonies of the opening of the Exposition, formal distribu- tion of awards, receptions of foreign sovereigns, etc. The city also spent large sums for street improvements, repairs of ways, etc. It is estimated that the amount saved from the computed cost of the Exposition, which was considerable, added to the amounts realized from the concessions to restaurants, theaters, and other places of amusement within the Exposition grounds, and to the sum realized from the sale of old material, lum- ber, etc., will be about $1,600,000. Of this amount, about 81,100,000 goes back to the state, and the remainder, about S500,000, to the city. To recapitulate: The state contributed in the first instance $3, 400, 000 Afterwards it contributed for fStes, etc 300, 000 And for personal f Stes, receptions, etc. , say 200, 000 Whole amount contributed by the state 3, 800, 000 The state received from increase of customs, taxes, etc., due to the Ex- position 5, 000, 000 From amount realized from saving on first cost, concessions, etc., in Exposition, and sale of old material 1, 100, 000 Whole amount realized by the state 6, 100, 000 The city contributed in the first instance 1, 600, 000 For fStes, etc., for the city generally 300, 000 Improvements of streets, repairs of ways, etc 100, 000 For entertainments and fetes at H6tel de ViUe, say 100, 000 Whole amount contributed by the city 3, 000, 000 The city received from increase of octroi 1, 800, 000 Proportion of amount realized from saving on first cost, concessions, etc., in Exposition, and sale of old materials 500, ODD Whole amoimt reaized by the city of Paris 3, 300,000 For the twenty-six weeks from May 7 to November 4, 1889, the receipts of the six great railroads which do the main pas- senger traffic to and from Paris, viz., the Lyons, Northern, Western, Orleans, Eastern, and Southern, exceeded the receipts for the same period in 1888 by $11,941,329, and it must be admitted that more than $9,000,000 of that sum should be credited to the result of the Exposition. 36 UNIVERSAL EXPOSITION OF 1889 AT PARIS. There were more than 60,000 exhibitors; and it is estimated that each spent in round numbers $600 on his exhibit. This makes the enormous sum of $36,000,000 to be added to the cost of the Exposition, but nearly all of this sum was spent in France. It is a difficult matter to determine the number of visitors who came to Paris in the summer of 1889 who were brought there merely by the Exposition. Several estimates have been made by independent statisticians which produce nearly the same result. They give as the increase of the permanent popu- lation of Paris, during the whole one hundred and eighty days of the Exposition, 200,000 persons, and their average daily necessary expenses, tive or six dollars. Taking the latter fig- ure, the amount of money which these persons spent, merelv for board and lodging and cab hire, was the enonnous sum of $216,000,000. If to this be added the cost of amusements, operas, theaters, etc., meals at restaurants, excursions in the vicinity of Paris, small and large purchases of every kind which were made by every visitor who came to Paris at this time, the estimate increases the figures above given one-half, making the enormous sum of $324,000,000 as the amount spent in Paris by visitors on account of the Exposition. The figures given are those of Mr. Berger, the Director-General of Management, Mr. Eiffel, and the London Engineering. Before the Exposition was decreed, an estimate of the prob- able increase of revenue due to it was made by M. de Foville, of the Ministry of Finance. This estimate nearh- coincided with the actual figm-es, and this fact is a striking instance of the painstaking skill A^■hich characterizes all French statistical work in the official departments. The figures given above ai-e in general taken from an exhaust- ive article on the Exposition from the Figaro of November 30, 1889, by Mr. Charles Yriarte. The expenditures by the various foreign commissions are not included in the above figures. The appropriations by the foreign governments that exhibited ai-e given in Appendix H, and the list is taken in pait from the able pamphlet of Mr. E. T. Jeff"ery, who visited Paris bv direc- tion <»f the Citizens' Executive Committee of Chicago, presided over by Hon. D. C. Cregier, Mayor. REPORT OF THE COMMISSIQWER-GENERAL. 37 The balance-sheet of the Exposition, as given in the Official Bulletin of the Universal Exposition, November 23, 1889j is the following: Amount realized ftom the association of banks and bankers $4,800, 000 Con.essions and various receipts, including the amount received from 11,609 tickets issued by the state 400, 000 Sale of old materials (estimated) 300, 000 Amount appropriated by the state and the city of Paris 5, 000, 000 Total amount received 9, 900, 000 The estimated cost of the Exposition was 8, 600, 000 The actual cost as nearly as could be ascertained at the date given above was 8, 300,'ood Hence the excess of receipts ($9,600,000) over expenditures ($8,300,000) is $1,600,000 It is officially announced that this result will be increased by the official figures. In 1878 the receipts from the Exposition were $4, 737, 040 The expenses of the Exposition were 77. 11, 078, 000 Excess of expenditures over receipts 6, 340, 960 In the Exposition of 1867 the receipts were 5, 438, 930 The expenses were 4, 596, 764 Excess of receipts over expenses was 838, 156 The French estimate of the number of people from the United States that visited Paris during the Exposition is 90,000. DECORATIONS. At the verbal request of Mr. Berger, Director-Greneral of Management, I gave him a list of exhibitors and persons offi- cially connected with the United States Commission, who were in my opinion worthy to receive decorations, from' the French Government from the excellence of their exhibits, from their high positions in industrial and educational pursuits or in the arts, and from faithful work at the Exposition. The list was in general closely followed, but there were a few additions and omissions. The number and kinds of the decorations are as follows, and a list of the names is appended to this report (Appendix H). 38 UNIVERSAL EXPOSITION OP 1889 AT PARIS. The grades of the decorations were assigned by the French authorities without any action by me: Legion of Honor: Grand Officer 1 Commander (promotion) 1 Officer 5 Chevalier 32 Merit in Agriculture : Officer 1 Chevalier 4 Officers of the Order of PubUc Instruction 18 Officers of the Academy 6 Two of the decorations, viz., that of promotion to Com- mander of Legion of Honor and an appointment of Chevalier of the Legion of Honor, were dehvered to the appointees be- fore the formal presentation of recompenses, but both were counted as having been conferred on account of the Exposi- tion. The French authorities have been very generous in this mat- ter, and the number of decorations presented to the United States citizens at the Exposition exceeds that presented to the citizens of any other foreign nation. This fact shows not only kindly feeling towards the United States, but is an evidence of the high appreciation of the French Government of the exhibit of the United States and of the persons connected with it. Several persons to whom these decorations haA-e been offered cannot accept them without authority from Congress, as thev are in the military, naval, or civil ser\-ice of the United States ■ As their presentation was a friendly act on the part of a sistej. republic, and was intended as a compliment to the United States rather than to the individual, I respectfully recommend that the necessary authority for their acceptance be asked for from Congress. UNITED STATES MARINE DETACHMENT. A detachment of United States Marines, consisting of Capt. H. C. Cochrane and First Lieutenant P. St. C. Murphy, United States Marine Corps, and twenty-eight enlisted men, was de- tailed for service with the United States Commission at the Exposition, by Hon. B. F. Tracy, Secretary of the Navy. The REPORT OF THE COMMISSIONER-GENERAL. 39 detachment arrived at Paris shortly before the opening of the Exposition and stayed until its close. I have already reported the efficiency, good conduct, and soldierly bearing of the de- tachment in its duties, and my opinion of its value as a part of the United States Commission at the Exposition. I desire now to thank the honorable Secretary through you for the good feeling towards the Exposition which prompted his cordial consent to the request for the detail. I believe that when the interests of the service will permit, the presence of a detachment of as good troops as are the United States Marines will always add dignity to a United States Commission at a foreign exposition, and will give the exhibit a more distinctive national character than it could attain by any other means. TRENCH EXPOSITION AUTHORITIES. The relations between the French administration and the officials of the United States Commission were most cordial; Overwhelmed with business as the French Exposition officers were, they could always be seen on official business, and al- ways complied with reasonable requests. There was some friction with the financial department at first, due to changes and delays in the issues of free tickets to exhibitors' assistants. This was, however, soon settled, and is hardly worth mention- ing except for the fact that the exhibitors considered that the delay was always due to the shortcomings of the United States Commission, and no explanation was satisfactory to them. An attempt was made by the Exposition authorities to require the opening and operating of the United States Exhibit on Sun- days. It was not pushed, however, after proper representations from the Commission were made. The nomination for a vice-president of a group, made by the Commissioner-Greneral, was withdrawn on representation made by the proper authority. The business of the United States Commission was almost exclusively with Mr. Berger, Deputy Director-General of Man- agement, and Mr. Marc Millas, consul of France, in charge of the foreign sections. My feeling towards them and their as- 40 UNIVERSAL EXPOSITION OF 1889 AT PARIS. sistants is extreme gratitude for their courtesy and kind atten- tions during the whole course of the Exposition. The United States Commission and the exhibitors received their full share of invitations to fetes and other official en- tertainments ; still, there were never enough for all who thought it their right to have them, and many persons were disappointed. One of the most unpleasant duties of the Com- missioner-Greneral was to listen to the importunities of people to get invitations when all that were due to the Commission had already been distributed. ASSISTANTS. I was well assisted by my subordinates in conducting the business of the Conmaission. As a rule, persons connected with a United States Commission to a foreign exposition have no experience in international expositions, and the business is entirely new to them and requires a certain apprenticeship. By the time the business is learned, the exposition is over, and the employes scatter, usually declaring that thev will never belong in any capacity to another exposition. The United States Commission was no exception to this rule. The business was new to all connected mth it, except two or three persons, but it went on as well as that of the other foreign commissions, and I think creditably to the United States. Mr. S. P. Tuck, the Assistant Commissioner-Greneral, took charge of the office in New York under my direction, and attended faithfully to the preliminary business there. In Paris he served as a juror on the social science group, and as vii'e-i)resident of the jury in Group II, and attended to such other business as came to him as Assistant Commissioner-Greneral. His work was done with ability and efficiency. Mr. William C. Grunnell, the Chief Engineer, had served in the same capacity in the International Exposition of 1867. This service gave him an experience which alone would have rendered him of the greatest value to tlie Commission in his work with it during the time of preparation in New York, and through the duration of the Exposition, and after its close. But in addition to this recommendation, his energy and in- REPOET OF THE COMMISSIONER GENEKAL. 41 dustry were untiring throughout the whole of his work. His business was to allot space to the exhibitors, to see that they complied with the regulations of the French authorities and those of the Commission, to settle all engineering problems in the distribution of power, and to be the channel of communica- tion, between the French directors of works and management and the United States Commission. The task was a delicate and difficult one, and could not be performed without friction, but he completed it with much skill and faithfulness. After the close of the Exposition he superintended the return ship- ments successfully, and the goods have arrived at their desti- nations. Mr. A. Bailly-Blanchard, secretary of the Commission, served in this capacity from the early part of July, 1888, to the pres- ent time. He had entire charge of the correspondence between the French authorities and the Commission until April 15, 1889, and during that interval he displayed great skill in his treat- ment of various questions that came up on the subjects of space granted, steam power, use of engines ^constructed in the United States to drive its own exhibit of machines, and a multitude of other questions which constantly sprang up un- expectedly and required to be treated with diplomatic skill. During the Exposition, he also served as a member of one of the juries. In his whole service with the Commission he has shown the greatest industry, ability, and faithfulness. Capt. D. A. Lyle, Ordnance Corps, U. S. Army, was detailed as a military commissioner to the Exposition, and my personal aide-de-camp. He also served as the vice-president of the jury of Class 74, vice-president of the jury of Group VIII, and member of the Superior Jury of Revision. He is also to pre- pare an article on the Mihtary Exhibit at the Exposition. His behavior on the Commission, in the various duties to which he has been assigned, has been entirely satisfactory to me and justifies the high reputation that he bears in the army. Lieut. B. H. Buckingham, U. S. Navy, was also detailed as military attach^ to the Exposition, and was appointed my per- sonal aide-de-camp. He made, the contracts for ornamenting and fitting up the space allotted to the United States, and did 42 UNIVERSAL EXPOSITION OF 1889 AT PAEIS. all other financial business that was required before the open- ing of the Exposition, to my entire satisfaction. He was, to my great regret, detached from this service to act as secretary of the Samoan Commission at Berlin, and only returned towards the close of the Exposition. Dr. John A. Tonner, of Paris, very kindly volunteered his services to the Commission during the Exposition, and his at- tention and valuable professional skill were frequently given to members of the staff, the Marine Corps, and others, for which my best thanks are due. Mr. W. Irving Adams, financial clerk, performed his duties with great skill and industry, and acted as cashier of the Commission from the beginning of the business in New York. The daily disbursements were made in two currencies, and the vouchers were presented in French and English, making some complication, but no difficulty has arisen in consequence. The superintendents of divisions, Messrs. Thieriot, C. Well- man Parks, Aytoun, Pickering, Bickford, Hering, and Kunz, were efficient in the discharge of their duties, and Professor Parks did excellent work in the collection of the exhibit in Group II. Prof B. Abdank, the assistant engineer, had charge of the fitting up of the Electrical Exhibit, assisted by Mr. Hering. The success of this exhibit is the best commentarv on Mr. Abdank's efficiency and abilit}-. Mr. J. Frederic Aytoun, as clerk to the chief engineer and afterwards superintendent of the Industrial Group, did all kinds of work connected with the Exposition, some of it very diffi- cult. His servit'es were of great value. The iin-;ingenient covering the transport abroad of the ex- hibits was confided to ]\Ir. Hnugliwout Howe, United States despatch agent at New Yorlc, and the fact that but one out of thousands of cases consigned to the Exposition was lost, is sufficient testimony to the manner in which this duty was dis- charged. The other employes of th6 Commission did their duties well, and they, as well as tliose mentioned by name, have my sin- cere thanks for their faithfulness and industry. EEPORT OF THE COMMISSIONER-GENEEAL. 43 COURTESIES RENDEiRED. Mr. A. Caubert, citizen of France, magistrate, connected with the Exposition in its pr«Hminary work, was noted for his constant kindness and attention to the members of the Com- mission. He was mitiring in his official and unofficial efforts to make their residence in Paris pleasant during the whole duration of the Exposition. I have already mentioned the kindness of Hon. R.'M. Mc- Lane, minister of the United States to France. He took the trouble to bring me into friendly relations with the French Government authorities as well as those of the Exposition. His successor, Hon. Whitelaw Reid, was always courteous and kind, and ready to do anything in his power to help the busi- ness of the Commission. Mr. Vignaud, first secretary of legation, did the Commission many favors, as did Col. Rathbone, consul-general of the United States. Lieut. Aaron Ward, U. S. Navy, naval attach^ to the United States legation, served ably as a class juror. My thanks are hereby extended to all of these gentlemen. REPORTS. There has been some delay in the receipts of the reports of the nine scientific expert assistant commissioners. They will all, however, be received soon, and the delay will not affect the date of publication of the reports, if the publication be authorized now. Respectfully submitted. W. B. FRANKLIN, Commissioner- General. Hon. James Gt. Blaine, Secretary of State. MEASURES AND VALUES. In the present system of French measures, the metre is the unit of length and is equal to the ten-millionth part of a quadrant of a meriaian of the earth; its multiples and divisions are decimal. 1 metre=10 deoinietres=100 centiinetres=l,000 millimetres. 1 metre=1.094 yard=3.38 feet=39.37 inches. 1 kilometre=10 heotometres=100 decametres=l,000 metres=0.621 mile. 1 imle=5,380 feet^l,610 metres^l^Cl kilometre. 1 square metre=i0.764 square feet=1.196 square yard. 1 are=100 square metres=119.6 square yards=l,076.4 square feet. 1 hectare=100 ares=10,000 square metres=2.47 acres. 1 acre=43,560 square feet=4,047 square nietres=0.4047 hectare. 1 cubic metre^l stere=35.33 cubic feet=1.308 cubic yard. 1 litre=l cubic decimetre= 1.057 quart=61.027 cubic inches. 1 hectolitre=10 decalitres=100 Htres=26.42 gallons. 1 kilogramme=weight of one litre, or one cubic decimetre, of water=l,000 grammes=3.2046 pounds avoirdupois. 1 gramme=10 decigrammes=100 centigrammes:=l,OOOmilligi-ammes. 1 gramme= weight of one cubic centinaetre of water:=15.433 grains Troy= 0.0353 ounce avoirdupois. 1 franc=3 grammes of silver at a standard of nine-tenths fineness. 1 frano=100 centimes=$0. 193. 1 pound sterling=$4.8e65. 1 horse power=33,000 foot pounds per minute. 1 cheval de vapeur=4,500 kilogramme meti-es per minute. For general approximations it is usual to consider the franc as equal to twenty cents, the metre as equal to three and one-fourth feet, the kilometre as equal to five -eighths of a mile, the square metre as equal to eleven square feet, and the hectare as equal to two and a half acres. 44 REPORT OF THE ENGINEER OF THE UNITED STATES COMMISSION. New York, May 31, 1890. Sir : I submit herewith, for the illustration and explanation -of your report on the Paris Exposition of 1889, as follows : First. List of plates for Volume I. Second. List of measures and values used in the reports of the United States Commission. Third. Statement of the areas covered by the principal buildings erected by the French administration on the Champ de Mars and the Quai d'Orsay, as follows : Building. Square feet. Acres. Machinery Hall Kailroad Section Industrial Courts Palace of Liberal Arts Palace of Fine Arts Galleries Eapp and Desaix Agricultural Buildings on the Quai d'Orsay: French Department Foreign Departments Total 664,550 131,413 1,179,068 77,224 172,051 103,086 15.00 3.02 27.07 4.65 4.65 1.80 3.95 2,723,043 Fourth. Statement of the spaces occupied by the United States in the different departments of the Exposition, as follows: Department. Square feet. A. Fine Arts, upper floor -B. Liberal Arts, upper floor . C. Industrial Courts, ground floor D. Machinery Hall: Ground floor 34, 900 Gallery 5,325 E. Railway Section, ground floor F. Agricultural Galleries G. W. A. Wood, Agricultural Machines Total 7,800 6,600 37,000 40,225 3,260 17,360 1,075 113,300 The letters refer to the points indicated on the general plan. 45 46 UNIVERSAL EXPOSITION OF 1889 AT PARIS. While it is not my province to write a description of the grounds, buildings, and other features of the Exposition, it may be useful to furnish certain data as to the extent and dimensions of the principal buildings erected by the French administration, sufficient to afford, with the aid of the accompanying drawings, a correct general idea of the disposition of space oqcupied by the exhibits, especially those of the United States, within those buildings. The principal structures located in the Champ de Mars were all connected in some way, and together formed three sides of a vast rectangle, almost touching the limits of this grand Paris parade ground on the three sides, and covering nearly one-half of its entire area. Referring to the general plan of the Exposition, it will be seen that near the southeast end of the Champ de Mars, opposite the Ecole Militaire, was located the Grand Machinery Hall or Palace, the greatest engineering exhibit of the Exposition, a wonderful structure covering 15 acres (over 650,000 square feet) of ground, and extending nearly the entire length of that end of the Champ de Mars which borders on the Avenue de la Motte Piquet. The plan of this building is rectangular, the length being 1,378 feet, the width 475 feet. The height to the apex of the bold arched roof is 148 feet. The general form of the building, with its roof and galleries, is shown on the transverse section and perspective herewith. By refer- ring to these it will be seen that the central portion forms one great nave, 377 feet wide between the bases of the roof frames, the widest space ever covered by a single span of roof, and that the width of the building is further extended on either side of the nave by gal- leries 49 feet wide, having upper floors about 26 feet above the level of the ground. These upper galleries or balconies are continuous all round the sides and ends of the grand hall, being about 66 feet wide on the ends, and were occupied by exhibits of light machinery. A wide passage was left next to the railing, from which fine views were obtained of the machinery in motion below. The ground floor was divided by one longitudinal central passage 26 feet wide and by one central transverse passage 30 feet wide, and by other passages parallel with these, as indicated on plan, which afforded convenient access to all the exhibits, and ample room for the free circulation of the crowds of visitors. The interior effect of this magnificent hall was extremely impos- ing. A better idea of it may be obtained from the view accompany- ing the report of the expert commissioner on Group VI, to which the reader is also referred for a full technical description of the construction of the building, with many illustrations. The space between the Machinery Hall and the French Industrial Courts, on the side toward the Avenue de Suffren, was roofed over specially for the exhibition of railroad materials and rolling stock. EEPOET OF THE ENGINEER. 47 The location of the United States Exhibit in the Machinery Hall and Railroad Section is indicated on the general map, and plans are given showing the spaces allotted to the exhibitors, the numbers in the (blocks referring to the general catalogue. The Machinery Hall, the adjoining railroad extension, the thirty- meter passage, and the Galerie Rapp, w.ere kept open until 11 p. m., and "were brilliantly lighted in the evening by electric lamps. A stairway surmounted by a dome, with vestibule beneath, con- nected Machinery Hall with the handsome passage called by the French the Thirty-Meter Gallery. The interior of this gallery presented a remarkable vista of objects of rare merit, selected for this position as the finest exhibits of the most eminent French ex- hibitors, this being the place of honor of the French Industrial Groups. This fine passage, an interior view of which is shown, ex- tended to the grand Dome Central, the most admired architect- ural feature of the Exposition, which fronted on the garden of the Champ de Mars. The Central Dome was regarded as the entree d'honneur, the principal point of the Exposition, and it was within its artistically decorated interior that the President of the French Republic made his address on the occasion of the inaugural cere- monies, on the 6th day of May, 1889. A view of the exterior of this magnificent structure is shown, and it is also to b^ seen above the fountains in the frontispiece of this volume. On the right and left of the thirty -meter passage was located a series of galleries or courts, constructed of rows of wrought-iron columns 36 feet high, surmounted by glazed iron roofs 36 feet high at apex, the width of the galleries between the lines of columns be- ing 83 feet. These galleries contained principally the French ex- hibits in the Industrial Groups III, IV, and V. A view is shown of the interior of one of these galleries occupied by the French exhibits in Classes 38 and 39. Adjoining these galleries and extending near and parallel with the Avenue de SuflEren on one side of the Champ de Mars, and the Avenue de la Bourdonnais on the other, were other series of gal- leries of similar construction, which were occupied by the industrial exhibits of the visiting nations. The United States Industrial Sec- tion was located in the central court of the series near the Avenue de Suffren. It was 83 feet wide, 443 feet long, and extended from the Vestibule des Nations to the Galerie Desaix. Passages 16 feet wide ran longitudinally and transversely through the center of it, and narrower walks parallel with these subdivided the space and furnished suitable approaches to all exhibits. A view of the fagade of the United States Industrial Section is shown. This was considered the principal point of the United States exhibition, and it was at this entrance that President Carnot was receiyed by the Commission, on the occasion of his ofiicial visit to 48 UNIVERSAL EXPOSITION OF 1889 AT PARIS. our section. Views of the interior of the United States Industrial Section are also shown, and a plan giving the location of the spaces occupied by the exhibitors. Next to the Industrial Courts came the two-story galleries, Desaix and Rapp, abutting on the Avenue de Suffren and the Avenue de la Bourdonnais respectively. These formed the dividing line between the Industrial Groups and the Palaces of Liberal Arts on the one side and of Fine Arts on the other. The United States Section in the Exposition of Liberal Arts, Group II, was located principally on the upper floor of the Galerie Desaix; one of the plates shows a small part of the United States Exhibit and a general view of the Galerie Desaix. No better or more extensive view could be obtained of the United States Section, the light from the windows rendering it im- possible to get a proper photograph. A plan is given of the United States Section in Group II. Adjoining the Galeries Desaix and Rapp, and near and parallel with Avenue de Suffren and Avenue de la Bourdonnais respectively, were located the Palaces of Liberal Arts and of Fine Arts, each of which was 754 feet long by 269 feet wide, and covered a ground area of over 200,000 square feet. The main center parts of the buildings were 175 feet wide with extensions of 49 feet on each side, these exten- sions having upper floors 23 feet above the ground floor. In the Pal- ace of Liberal Arts a balcony at the height of the upper floor pro- jected into the nave, and was connected by bridges to the upper floor of the installations in the central part of that building. This project- ing balcony did not exist in the Palace of Fine Arts. Illustrations of these buildings are given as follows: A perspective of the interior of the Palace of Liberal Arts, and an exterior view of the Palace of Fine Arts, the exterior of the Palace of Liberal Arts being similar to it. Other illustrations of the Palace of Fine Arts and of the United States Exhibit in that section will be found in the report of the expert commissioner on Group I. In all these buildings except the Palace of Fine Arts the space allotted by the French administration was devoid of finish of any kind. All of the inside constructions, the flooring, the decoration, and the installations for exhibits had to be provided by the various commissions or the exhibitors. All of the buildings were well lighted by roof lights, and also by side lights where practicable. Those parts of the ground floors of the Industrial Courts and of the Palaces of Liberal Arts and of Fine Arts which bordered on the garden of the Champ de Mars were used as restaurants, lunch rooms, beer halls, etc., and are so indicated on the plan. One view is shown to give an idea of the veranda or covered promenade over which the roofs of the buildings extended. Under that part of this covered way adjoining the restaurants were placed seats and REPORT OF THE ENGINEER. 49 tables for the accommodation of the hungry crowds in pleasant weather. The principal fronts of all these buildings were located on the in- ' closed garden of the Champ de Mars, and the principal ornamenta- tion and architectural effect were given to the parts of the buildings seen from the garden. Those portions of the Champ de Mars and Trocad^ro not covered by buildings and walks were tastefully orna- mented with trees, shrubbery, parterres of flowers, cascades, and beaiitiful fountains, and the best artistic talent had been employed to make the interior views of the Exposition attractive and fascinat- ing. At night the gardens and exteriors of the principal buildings were brilliantly lighted by lines, festoons, and other ornamental forms composed of electric lamps and gas jets, and the beautiful luminous fountains with their ever-changing colors completed a radiant spectacle of marvelous beauty. Throughout the grounds were numerous special buildings, charac- teristic in design and ornamental in appearaaice, which were erected by various commissions and exhibitors. It is not possible to speak of this great Exposition without men- tioning the colossal " tower of three hundred meters" (984 feet), as it is termed on the French plans, generally called the Eiffel Tower, from the name of its constructor ; the reader is therefore informed that a full description, with many illustrations, of this great engi- neering work is embodied in the report of the expert commissioner of Group "VI, in one of the subsequent volumes. Two views of the garden of the Champ de Mars and the buildings bordering on it are shown, one giving the luminous fountains and the central dome beyond, the other being a panorama from a photo- graph taken on the first landing of the Eiffel Tower. In the panorama of the garden of the Champ de Mars are seen at a glance all the principal buildings of the Exposition. On the right and left, in the immediate foreground, are the Palaces of Liberal Arts and Fine Arts respectively. These are nearly identical in every particular, and are located symmetrically with regard to each other. The centers of both buildings are surmounted with domes nearly two hundred feet high, glazed at the top, and covered externally lower down with enameled tiles in various harmonious colors and designs. The ends of Galeries Desaix and Rapp next appear, pro- jecting beyond these palaces, about the center of the garden, and farther along come into view the Industrial Courts, stretching away to the grand roof of the Machinery Hall in the middle distance. In the center of the garden is the monumental fountain, representing France steering the Ship of Progress, and beyond this the principal entrance of the Exposition, crowned by the magnificent central dome, supporting a colossal statue of France distributing laurels. On either H. Ex. 410 4 "50 UNIVERSAL EXPOSITION OF 1889 AT PARIS. side of the center of the garden are seen parallel lines of walks, cov- ered by light frames roofed with colored canvas, to protect the pub- lic from the weather. Similar transverse covered walks connected with these and led to the Galeries Desaix and Rapp. The United States had no exhibit on the Trocad^ro, which was de- voted principally to the Horticultural Exhibition, and which has not been essentially changed since the Exposition of 1878. The Agricultural Galleries were located on the Quai d'Orsay. The space allotted to the United States in these galleries is shown on the plans. An interior view of the United States Section gives also an idea of the construction of these galleries. They were formed of rows of wrought-iron columns about forty -eight feet apart covered with iron roof-frames glazed. The sides of the galleries nearest the street and river were bricked up to a height of about ten or twelve . feet above the floor, and were glazed from that level to the eaves of the roof. The opposite sides of the galleries were left without solid ■construction by the French administration, to be closed only by canvas curtains. The United States Commission, however, inclosed its section 'by solid wood and glass partitions on the sides originally left open. Upon the Esplanade des Invalides were located various agricult- ural exhibits, including the Special Pavilion of Walter A. Wood ; also the exhibits of the French War Department, of the French Colo- nies, of Hygiene, of Social Economy, etc. A branch of the railroad which makes a circuit of Pai'is and con- nects with all the railway lines entering the city terminated near the western corner of the Champ de IMars. From the station, shown on the plans, tracks of standard gauge were laid into the grounds and buildings, which were iised for the delivery of freight before the opening and for its removal after the close. During the term of the Exposition the tracks in the buildings were covered by movable wooden platforms, constructed so as to form parts of the flooring. A double-track narrow-gauge railway was established and oper- ated by the Decauville Company, for the transportation of visitors between distant points within the Exposition grounds. It was also used for the transfer of freight before the date of opening. The track was about -23 A -inch gauge and about two miles long. It started from a station at the principal entrance of tlie Esplanade des In- valides, facing the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, followed the Quai d'Orsay, crossing the end of the Champ de Mars, to the Avenue de Suffrfen, and passed alongside that aveiuie to the terminal station near the southern corner of Ma.chinery Hall. There were three or four intermediate stations. As a means of passenger conveyance this railway was of little use to the persons connecteil with tlie Uiuted States Commission, the stations not being convenient either to the head(iuarters of the Commission or to the localities occupied EEPORT OF THE ENGINEEE. 51 "by the United States exMbits. The Decauville Comgany furnished, however, a portable railway of smaller gauge, an improvement on ihe system introduced by Peteler in the United States more than twenty years ago, which was found very useful and convenient in transferring freight between the United States departments, in con- nection with the standard gauge railroad, and for moving cases within the sections. For this reason and because the Decauville railway system was one of the features of the Exposition, it may not be inappropriate to give a brief description of it here. One of the plates contains four cuts, illustrating parts of the system. The Decauville improvement in the track consists in permanently framing together light steel rails with flat steel cross-pieces or sleepers, thus composing a series of portable sections or bays hav- ing the appearance of ladders, and varying in length from four to sixteen feet, one length of sixteen feet weighing about one hundred ^nd twelve pounds. With very little labor the sections of track are put down anywhere on the ground or floor, and they can be taken Tip and relaid in any desired direction. ' Each rail has at one end a base-plate and at the other end two fish-plates, and the junction of two contiguous sections is made in a moment by simply fitting the ends of the rails of one bay between the fish-plates on the ends of the next one. If the track is only to be used temporarily, no other fastening of the bays is required, but the fish-plates at the end of the Tails are drilled, and corresponding holes are made in the rails at the •other ends, so that the sections of track can be readily bolted to- gether if the track is intended to remain in place and to carry loco- motives, passenger-cars, or heavy freight-trucks. Curves framed in the same manner are supplied in lengths from four to eight feet with different radii from six to ninety -eight feet. Turn-tables, mov- able switches, crossings, etc. , are also provided, all being formed in sections that can be carried and put down by one man. By these means either a temporary track can be quickly made ready for use, or a complete railway line may bo established and equipped for per- manent service. Various styles of trucks are provided, from the little wagons of thin iron, which were found so handy for delivering small cases in the sections, to strong heavy trucks with three or four axles, constructed for special uses. By combining two or more of these trucks on the same track or on parallel tracks great weights can be readily distributed and large objects easily handled. The 33^- inch gauge Decauville Railway has been adopted by, the French Government for the transportation of ordnance weighing 16 tons upon two trucks with three axles, and even 48 tons upon four trucks with four axles. For moving long objects, like timber or heavy ordnance, swiveling-forks are placed on the trucks, by means of which curves as sharp as 18 feet radius can be rounded. The Decau- ville system has been much used for mining and agricultural pur- 52 UNIVERSAL EXPOSITION OP^ 18&9 AT PARIS. poses, A type of locomotive was employed on the railway line of the Exposition which was specially designed by Mr. Mallet, to be used for military transpoi tation purposes on Decauville railroads. The organization of the United States Commission having been made in New York, and the preliminary work performed there under your personal supervision, it only devolves upon me to give a brief account of the operations at Paris from the- commencement of the preparation of our sections until the end of the Exposition, and of the subsequent return of the exhibits to the United States, and the- closing up of the business of the Commission in Europe. Upon my arrival at the Exposition on the 11th day of March, 1889, I found the flooring already laid in our section in the Industrial Courts, and the partitions erected that separated the United States from the adjoining countries in the same groups. Nearly all the con- structions and decorations required to put the Industrial and Educa- tional Sections into a presentable condition for the installation of exhibits, had already been ordered by Lieut. B. H. Buckingham, U. S. Navy, and the contractor wa,s progressing with the work, under the instructions of that accomplished and experienced officer. These constructions and decorations consisted chiefly of an ornamental fagade fronting on the Vestibule des Nations, and designed to be the principal entrance of our department; the partitions separating the United States sections from the neighboring countries ; the floor- ing in some of the sections ; the hanging of velums or tinted mus- lin shades, and of ornamental cords and pendants under the roof lights, and of painted canvas in various places on partitions and walls; the painting and general embellishment, including that of the constructive features of the buildings. The decorations throughout were of a modest and simple character, appropriate to our exposition, and consistent with the small amount of the appropriation at the disposal of the Commission. The names and coats of arms of the different States of the Union were displayed in panels and on shields in conspicuous places in the Industrial Sec- tion. The United States flag was lavishly used for beautifying our departments, and proved to be an invaluable auxiliary in giving a respectable appearance to many of our poorly adorned sections and exhibits. The Commission was indebted to Messrs. Cheney Brothers, of Manchester, Conn., for furnishing gratuitously a large number of then- boautiful silk flags, which were used for decorative purposes. The French tricolor was also brought into requisition and combined in trophies with our own stars and stripes. Tlie floors put down l)y the Commission in the Industrial, Educa- tional, and Machinery Sections C(msistod of ordinary flooring boards li inch thick. Tlioso woiv laid on the floor joists in the Liberal Art Gallery, our space there being on the upper floor, and in other places on sleepers bedded in the earth. In the :\Iachinery Hall l\ inch floor- KEPOET OF THE ENGINEER. 53 ing was laid in the passages only by the French administration; that in the space occupied by the exhibits being furnished by the United States Commission, except in cases of special floors put in by exhib- itors. Asphalt floors "were put down by the Commission in the Agricult- ural Galleries. Wooden partitions were erected in the Industrial, the Educational, and the Agricultural Sections on the lines dividing our jjpaces from ■ those of the adjoining countries. These partitions were constructed according to the requirements of the French regulations, and the expense was shared equally by the commissions whose spaces they limited. At the time of my arrival the first lots of goods shipped from the United States had reached the Exposition, and the following lots continued to arrive promptly. Some trouble and delay were caused by the delivery of cases where they did not belong. The railroad company loaded cars at Havre to suit their own convenience, with- out iissorting the exhibits for the several groups, and many cases were on this account sent to the Machinery Hall that should have gone to the Industrial and other sections, and vice versa. These cases were transferred to their proper places later, mostly by the Decauville Company, who furnished the Commission with the nec- essary labor and with their portable railway, which, employed in connection with the established railroad tracks, proved to be a useful device for this purpose, and also for moving cases from place to place within the sections. The space allotted to the United States in the Machinery Hall being inadequate to meet the demands of all persons who had made application to exhibit products belonging to the sixth group, while the space granted in the Industrial Sections was greater than was required, as a measure of relief permission had been obtained from the French administration to locate some of the machinery exhibits in these last-named sections. A considerable portion of the electri- cal apparatus was therefore assigned to the Industrial Court, as were also apparatus and appliances for civil engineering, including building hardware, mechanics' tools, etc. ; also the carriage-work and some other classes. Plans for the allotment of space in the dift'erent sections had been made in New York previous to my departure, placing the various Mnds of products together, in accordance with the system of the French classification. Greiat difficulty had been experienced in pro- viding places for all applicants. Formal permits for space had been given by the Commission, which had been as formally accepted by the applicants, and aiccording to the best inforhiation then at the disposal of the Commission, the United States sections Were likely to be filled to overflowing. A few days after my arrival at 54 UNIVERSAL EXPOSITION OF 1889 AT PARIS. Paris, however, notices of the withdrawal of applications com- menced to arrive, and they continued to pour in from time to time by cable and mail until the opening day. The dereliction of many iniportant applicants in failing to occupy the spaces allotted to them in New York caused continual changes of the x^lans, and entirely defeated all efforts at placing the products acccording to the proper classification. Many of the spaces allotted were never filled at all. Especially did much of the machinery promised fail to arrive, and great voids were thus left in Machihery Hall, giving our exhibit a meager appearance in comparison with the crowded sections of all other countries, and causing unfavorable comments in consequence. These vacancies might have been creditably filled if the Commission had known of it in time to obtain the products of other manufact- urers. Many late applicants, to whom space could not be awarded originally, would have been glad to send their products, to the great advantage of our display, if they had not been kept away by those who had obtained space and then failed to occupy it. As exhibitors and their agents arrived and took possession of the special places assigned them and commenced or completed their in- stallations, it was often impossible to move them to other parts of the sections, and the most of those who were present were unwilling to change the location of their exhibits in order to accommodate others, or to keep together the products belonging to the same classes. Some of the exhibitors and their goods arrived late in Paris. There were instances in which it was supposed that they would not be present at all; and as the time of the opening approached, persons who were present were allowed to move their exhibits into positions originally intended for others who had not arrived, in order that the front spaces at least in all sections might be creditably filled before the opening day. Some of these tardy persons who arrived later were much dissatisfied that the spaces had not been kept for them until they found it convenient to come, although due notice had been given that the exhibits were required to be in place earlier. Some vacancies left by withdrawals were filled by exhibits that were offered later in Paris, but as it was not always possible to ob- tain products belonging to the same class as those for which the space had originally been awarded, articles belonging to other classes had to be substituted, and thus was prevented the systematic ar- rangement in the order of the French classification originally in- tended. It is by no means easy to suggest the proper means by which this could be prevented, but it may be well to recommend that in the case of future foreign exhibitions applicants for space should be obliged to deposit a suitable sum to be forfeited if they break their agreements with the Commission, or else that they should bo required to pay for the spaces allotted to them. In this latter case REPORT OP THE EJrGINEER. 55 they would not be inclined to engage more space than they actually need, nor would they be likely to pay for any space unless they really intended to occupy it. Money received for space thus dis- posed of could be properly and advantageously used for the decora- tion of the sections or for proper installations for the exhibits themselves, and by this means also a more suitable disposition of the installations could be effected. In comparison with the symmetrical arrangement and elegant installations of the French departments our sections suffered greatly. The United States Commission had very little money to use even for the necessary constructions and the general decorations in its sections, and no fund| at all to apply to the installation and_ proper adornment of the individual exhibits. To the decision of each exhib- itor therefore had to be left, under certain restrictions, the arrange- ment, installation, and adornment of his particular space, which necessarily affected the general aspect of the section. The little time at our disposal rendered it impossible to obtain any concert of action between the exhibitors, and we had no power to compel them to construct their installations in any particular style or manner. Some exhibitors seemed rather inclined to have their exhibits as unlike as possible to those of their neighbors, in order perhaps to make them more conspicuous. In this way exhibits widely dissim- ilar in size and appearance were located in close proximity to each other. Many of the exhibitors, indeed, expended considerable sums on fine show-cases and other installations for their products; but even where several of these were located together, the styles of their cases and other constructions were so dissimilar that the general appearance of the section gained little from the best of them. The resulting fortuitous assemblage of incongruous objects, lo- cated in an extensive gallery devoid of interior. architectural features and of ornamental installations arranged according to a matured plan, produced anything but an imposing general effect. It can be easily understood how those who judge by the impressions received from the first view of an exhibition, without looking beneath the surface for the merits of the products, may have formed an erro- neous estimate of the importance of the United States Exhibit. Let me remark here, however, that the juries, disregarding the sur- roundings and devoting their attention solely to the products exhib- ited, did them ample justice, and proved by the number and impor- tance of the recompenses awarded thajt the United States Exhibit was second to none in this unequaled Exposition. In the French divisions much time and money had been spent and great pains had been taken to render all their constructions, instal- lations, and decorations appropriate in character and harmonious and captivating in appearance. Committees composed of officers of the French administration conjointly with the exhibitors themselves 56 UNIVERSAL EXPOSITION OF 1889 AT PAKIS. had been engaged for months, if not for years, on the preliminary- work. Architects had been employed for each class, and had given protracted study to the designing of the interior constructions in combination with the installations for the exhibits; and the art of the best decorators, cabinet-makers, and upholsterers had been called into requisition to perfect the charming displays and to produce the admirable general effects found everywhere in these groups. All of the show-cases and other particular installations were required to be subservient to the general design, and many of them were as attract- ive as the exhibits they were created to display. The fees of the architects and the cost of the entire work were j^aid by the exhibit- ors in proportion to the amount of spnce occupied. Views of the in- terior of one of the French Industrial Courts and of the Thirty-Meter Gallery are given to illustrate the above remarks and to show the construction of the buildings. The interior of the court is from a photograph taken after the close of the Exposition, when the hang- ings and exhibits had been removed and the railroad tracks uncov- ered; but even in this dismantled condition, it retained its elegant appearance. Part of the exhibit of the Yale and Towne Manufacturing Com- pany consisted of a model post-offiee, which was erected in the In- dustrial Section and was used by the Commission for the posting and distribution of mail matter for the exhibitors and persons connected with the United States department. This model post-office was com- pletely equipped with letter- windows, letter-drops, lock-boxes, etc., and was of great service and convenience to the Commission and the exhibitors. It attracted general attention and was highly praised by visitors. The United States Exhibit in Class 61, railroad supplies and ap- pliances, left much to be desired. After space in this department had first been obtained, the United States Commission made earnest efforts with railroad people to get a proper representation in this important class, but the same answer came from nearly all persons to whom the subject was presented, viz, that it was useless for them to exhibit because our railroad system was different from those of Europe, and because American railroad companies and manufact- urers could gain no business advantage from the troiible and expense of sending exhibits to Paris. This seemed so certain, and it appeared so unlikely that any individuals or companies would, from motives of patriotism solely, furnish exhibits sufficient to illustrate our railroad system, that it was determined to cable to Paris that the space allowed in this class would be relinquished. This was ac- cordingly done, but through some misconception of the order cabled, the French authorities were not informed that the space was not re- quired. When this fact became known at the New York office of the Commission some time later, a fresh effort was made to get a KEPORT OF THE ENGINEER. 57 proper exhibit for the class; but the time was then very short, and manufacturers of such materials were generally unwilling to send •over goods. Some few things were obtained, and an earnest appeal was made to certain companies to send exhibits. We were obliged to fill up the space with various material and appliances, made for the use of railroads, which actually belonged to other classes ; such as railroad paints, which belonged as paints in Class 45 ; electric motors used on railroads, which belonged as electrical apparatus in Class 62 ; and some road-making and repairing machines, which, although used on railroads, belonged properly in Class 63. The Pennsylvania Railroad Company alone responded to the call of the Commission, and sent a collection of its materials and con- structions, which, with the Porter locomotive and the Wickes refrig- erator car, saved the railroad department from actual ridicule. Part of the exhibit of the Pennsylvania Railroad Company consisted of sections of cars, which showed the constructions better than the entire cars, took up much less space, and cost less to make and send. This entire exhibit was presented at the close of the Exposition to the French School of Arts and Manufactures and a French railway company ; none of it came back to the United States. The appear- a,nce of the railroad section was the occasion of much comment among the American visitors and others, believing, as they did, that the United States is pre-eminent in this class, and gave rise, among other witticisms to the remark that the section looked like the scene of a "railroad accident." This referred probably to the parts •of cars, trucks, etc., shown, but never was anything less of an acci- dent. On the contrary, the fine exhibit of the Pennsylvania Com- pany was prepared by them, at the request of the Commission, with the patriotic design of making a display of parts of their apparatus, and the jury in this class, composed of the most eminent railroad engineers in Europe, were able to recognize its merit, which they ac- knowledged by awarding it a grand prize, the highest recompense in their gift. In spite of all efforts, however, the space in this class was not filled until the month of September, near the close of the Exposition, when a late comer appeared with the tubular iron car and closed up the void. If any discredit existed for the incomplete- ness of the railroad exhibit, it should rest, not upon those who par- ticipated in it, but upon the wealthy railroad corporations and the manufacturers, who refused to come to the aid of the Commission in its efforts to make a proper showing of our progress in this de- partment, and who declined to send their improved apparatus and appliances, because there was "no business in it." As may be seen by reference to the general plan, the United States sections were widely separated. A table is given below, showing the distance between the various points occupied. 58 ■UNIVERSAL EXPOSITION OP 1889 AT PARIS. Approximate distances in feet between different points occupied hy the United States, following the roads. A. B. C. D. E. F. G. H. A. B. 1,600 C. 1,550 50 D. 2,100 2,050 1,260 E. 2,300 1,300 750 350 F. 8,470 4,200 4,150 4,700 4,900 G. 4,770 5,500 5,450 6,000 6,200 1,150 H. 670 1,860 1,620 1,900 2,400 2,800 4,100 Between the United States sections in Machinery Hall and the Agricultural Galleries, by way of Decauville Railroad, about two and one-third miles. The great distances between the sections made necessary an in- crease of force to superintend and guard them. The average force employed during the continuance of the Exposition was about as follows: Five superintendents of sections, one each to the Palace of Liberal Arts, Industrial Courts, Machinery Hall, and Agricultural Galleries. Assistant superintendents were also necessary in the Palaces of Liberal Arts and of Machines, and in the Agricultural departments. Other assistants were necessary to go between these sections for various duties. The force of guardians, who were also employed during the early hours to clean the sections, averaged about as follows: Department. Guard- ians. Educational Industrial . . 2 7 2 6 1 4 Electrical Machinery Railroad Agricultural Much time of employes was lost in sending men between the sec- tions. Sometimes, in going betwoeu the jMachinery Hall and Agri- cultural Gallery, the Decauville Railway was used, but even then a considerable distance had to be walked to reach the station, and no time was gained; the total distance between these two points by this route being over two miles, and the time required being about half an hour by either route. The United States Marines, whose fine appearance contributed much to the good efEect of our departments, were of great use to the Commission in preserving order and discipline in the sections. EEPOKT OF THE ENGINEER. 59" and their services were especially valualale during the closing days in guarding property when most exposed while being packed up for removal. The presence of the Marines enabled the Commission to^ save the employment of one guardian in the railroad section and one in the Machinery Hall Gallery. Elsewhere the number of guardians could not be reduced, as all those employed were necessary to clean the sections in the morning and to keep them in order during- the day. I do not consider it proper for me to do more than mention the marines in this way here. You will doubtless give them full credit in your report for the advantage that the Commission derived from their presence at Paris. The exhibitors and their representatives commenced to arrive in the early part of April, and to unpack their goods and get them into position, and from this time until late into the month of May our sections were alive with busy workmen arranging exhibits in their installations. In many cases where exhibitors neither came to Paris nor employed agents, the packages were opened and the goods were put into place by the employes of the Commission. Except in the section of Liberal Arts, where the building itself was not completed, the most of the exhibitors to whom space had been allotted in New York had their exhibits in place by the opening day. Later comers who got space (some indeed came over with their goods without having secured space) were not ready until some time after. Our steam-engines arrived and were on their foundations in ample- time, but they were not used until the latter part of May, as the- French administration had not run the steam-pipes into our section, and the steam supply could not be obtained. The Brown engine- commenced running on the 33d of May, and the Straight Line engines two or three days later. The boilers which supplied the steam used in the Machinery Hall wei'e located around the edifice in separate buildings, erected by exhibitors and contractors for that purpose, as may be seen by ref- erence to the plans. Steam, water, and gas were gratuitously furnished by the French administration. The French authorities contracted with an English firm for the steam supply in our section in the Machinery Hall. The supply was uncertain, and the service of the steam was unsatisfac- tory. For a considerable time after the opening of the Exposition it was hardly to be depended on at all, and during the continuation of the Exposition the quantity of steam required was often not available, and di^atisfaction was expressed by some of our exhibit- ors on this account. The main piping for the steam, cold water, and gas ■ supply, and for the removal of the hot water from condensation, was laid by the French administration, in tunnels of masonry located under the passages. 60 UNIVERSAL EXPOSITION OF 1889 AT PARIS. All Lranch. piping in our section was provided by the Commission or by the exhibitors. The Commission was also required to put in an exhaust-pipe for its engines, which had to be carried under the floor to the outside of Machinery Hall, and then above the roof of that building. This pipe was connected outside of the building with an iron tank for collecting the water of condensation, from which ran another pipe for carrying the water to the main hot-water pipe ; b >ve referred to. Four main lines of shafting, two on each side of the central passage, extended longitudinally throughout the entire length of the grand nave of Machinery Hall, and were supported by double iron columns secured upon solid masonry foundations. They were furnished and put up by the French authorities, and received their movement from the engines of exhibitors of various nationalities. Two of these shafts passed through the United States section. Motive power was suppled to our section in the Machinery Hall by the following named American steam-engines exhibited: One hundred horse-power engine of C. H. Brown & Co. One hundred horse-power high-speed engine of the Straight Line Engine Company. Thirty-five horse-power high-speed engine of the Straight Line Engine Company. Seventy-five horse-power high-speed engine of Armington & Sims. Six horse-power Baxter engine of the Colt Manufacturing Company. The two main lines of shafting passing through the first and second bands of our space were each driven at a speed of one hundred and fifty revolutions per minute by the larger straight-line engine and the Brown engine, respectively. The small straight-line engine furnished motive power to the special exhibit of wood-working machinery of J. A. Fay & Co., by means of a line of shafting placed under the floor of that exhibit in the third band of our section. The Colt Company Baxter engine was utilized for furnish- ing the power for printing machines and other light machinery, in the fourth band of our space under the balcony. The Armington & Sims engine was employed for driving dynamos in the electrical exhibit of the Thomson-Houston Company. These steani-engines were all operated by American mechanics, and the service was per- formed in the most satisfactory manner. Electric motors obtaining their power from dynamos driven from the shafting, run by the steam-engines above mentioned, were also used for transmitting small amounts of power to various light machinery, as will be mentioned later on. The greait progress in the practical application of electricity in the United States made it advisable that a considerable portion of our space should be devoted to the exhibition of the products of REPORT OF THE ENGINEER. 61 American inventors in tMs class, and as the space allotted in the Machinery Hall was not adequate, a large part of the electrical ap- paratus was exhibited in the Industrial and Railroad sections. The dynamo machines were placed in the Machinery Hall, where motive power could be obtained. The electrical apparatus, properly so^ called, were placed in the Industrial Court. The electrical tram- ways were placed in the Railroad Section; motive power was carried to the Agricultural" Section for the purpose of operating the machines of certain exhibitors. The Thomson-Houston Company established the transmission of the electric current from Machinery Hall to the Agricultural Galleries, a distance of about three- quarters of a mile.. This current transmitted fifty horse-power in a satisfactory manner. Its operation, however, was delayed by difficulties in passing the overhead wires across the streets of Paris, but permission was finally obtained from the Ministry of Commerce and the Prefecture of the Seine, and the machines in the Agricultural Galleries were put into operation on the 15th day of July.. Besides this electrical transmission, two others were established between the Machinery Hall and the Railroad Section; one of them operated the Sprague system of electric railway, the other that of Thomson-Houston. For this purpose cables of the Cobb Com- pany were used. The Edison Company supplied the current for the Sprague motor. Within the Machinery Hall the Commission es^ tablished, for the accommodation of exhibitors far removed from the main lines of shafting, a transmission of electric force from a generator of fifteen horse-power and six small motors, which operated three exhibits of sewing-machines and some other light machinery. The Bell Telephone Company established a system of telephones from the central office in their space in the Industrial Court to the headquarters of the United States Commission, the post-office in the Industrial Section, and the office of the superintendents in the Pal- ace of Liberal Arts and Machinery Hall. The apparatus for this system of telephones was furnished andput up by the Bell Telephone Company and by the Western Electric Company of Chicago. Some two and one-half miles of wire for the overhead lines was furnished by the Okonite Company. This telephone system was of great serv- ice to the Commission, and it was kept in operation during the hours when • the Exposition was open by the assistants of the Bell Telephone Company without any expense to the Commission. I am happy to be able to state that no very serious accidents oc- curred in any of the United States departments during the Exposi- tion, the most important being the breaking of the fly-wheel of the straight-line engine, by which, fortunately, no one was hurt. As this caused considerable comment at the time and deprived us of the use of one of our motive machines during the last few weeks of the '62 UNIVEBSAL EXPOSITION OF 1889 AT PARIS. Exposition, it may be proper to give a short account of it here. On "the 9th of October, about half -past 5 p. m. , while the large straight- line engine was driving one of the main shafts in our machinery section, its fly-wheel suddenly broke, and the fragments were thrown violently against one of the large cast-iron columns that supported the shafting. The column was broken by the force of the blow, but remained in place, and the damage to it was easily repaired by wrought-iron bands. This accident prevented the running of the machinery in the front band of the section and of the overhead electric traveling bridge for one or two days, but did no other damage. An investigation showed that the breakage of the fly- wheel was due to defects in the casting. It was not possible to re- pair the damage to the engine in time for it to resume work before the close of the Exposition, and the shafting in that part of the sec- tion subsequently received its movement from the motive machine in the adjoining English section. Professor Sweet, the inventor of this admirable high-speed engine, has taken means to prevent the recurrence of such breaks in fly-wheels in future by providing them with strong wrought-iron rims or tires. The machine was one of the finest of our exhibits and was awarded a gold medal. Before quitting the machinery department I desire to make one suggestion for the consideration of commissions to future exposi- tions. You will remember that in the very outset of our work upon this Exposition I informed you of the dissatisfaction of American exhibitors and visitors at the Paris Exposition of 18(57. arising from the presence of the clumsy French motor, placed in the most con- spicuous position, and used for supplying the power in the United States Section, while the tine engine exhibited by Mr. Geor^-e H. Cor- liss, of Providence, was standing idle beside it, and that I urged you to insist upon having the motive power in our section supplied by American engines operated by A nierieaii mechanics. I shall now go a step further and strongly advise the commissioners-general of foreign expositions not only to have the motive power furnished by American machines, but also to provide for having the steam sup- plied by American boilers operated by American mechanics. In the case of the Exposition of 1S89, tliero were no applicants who de- sired to exhibit boilei's; but oven if fliis should be so in the future, I consider it necessary for the successful and satisfactory operation of the machinery section fo make contracts with some responsible American engineering firm or firms to supply the requisite boilers, engines, and niechajiics, and to furnish the steam and motive power for the department. With American boilers, steam-engines, and electrical motors, tin- commission would have everthing completelv under control, and in this way only can the work be performed to the satisfaction of the commission, the exhibitors, and all others •concerned. It is difficult to obtain trustworthy mechanics for tem- REPORT t»F THE ENGINEER. 63 porary work of this kind, wMch. is another good reason for contract- ing with companies giving permanent employment to such men as ■are needed. One view is shown of the interior of our section in the Agricult- ural Machinery Gallery. With the exception of the remarks above made concerning the force employed and the electrical transmission in this department, I do not consider it necessary for me to say any- thing, as the entire agricultural section and exhibit will be fully re- ported upon by the expert commissioner on Group VIII. The principal troubles in our sections arose from the dissatisfac- tion of some exhibitors' agents and a few unimportant exhibitors of cheap jewelry and gimcracks, who should never have been allowed space, and whom it seemed impossible to get rid of without causing scandal. These men were a chronic nuisance; they were clamorous for the best places in the section, and even endeavored in some cases to obstruct the main passages and vestibules in order to dispose of their wares. Sales of articles of any kind for delivery before the -end of the Exposition were prohibited by the French regulations. All applicants were informed of this before space was allotted to them. In spite of this, however, some persons, mostly agents, en- deavored to make sales and immediate deliveries of their goods, and brought down upon the Commission by such means the complaints of the French administration. These refractory parties were greatly, dissatisfied at not being allowed to sell their goods in the sections, and continued to do so clandestinely when they were not observed by the guardians, and were loud in abuse of the Commission for interfering with their business. I cannot now remember that any exhibitor of importance expressed dissatisfaction at the treatment which he received from the Commission or its officers. It may be advisable for future commissions to exact guaranties for the respectability and good conduct of all persons allowed to act as representatives of exhibitors, and also to require indorsements of some oificial sort of all applicants from distant points about whose reputation the commission is not informed. I will make a final suggestion which may be of benefit to those charged with the preparation of future international expositions, viz: In making agreements for labor, materials, etc., with contractors, clauses should invariably be inserted stating the time when the work is to be delivered and completed, and naming a penalty to be im- posed in case of failure to comply with the terms of the contract within the time specified. Contractors are apt on such occasions to undertake more work than they can perform, and there is nothing like a penalty clause for keeping them up to time. Delays in the completion of one part of the preparations will often seriously re- tard other operations. 64 UNIVERSAL EXPOSITION OF 1889 AT PARIS. Very few of the packages sent from the United States to the Ex- position were lost; of these I will mention one case containing a wheel-testing machine, which is supposed to have been removed by mistake by the French authorities the night before the opening of the Exposition, according to an official regulation which had been fully announced beforehand, that they should remove all unpacked cases at that time ; and one other case, a very small one, containing some light articles of wood carving, which is supposed to have been stolen from the section at the time- the goods were being opened. I cannot recall at present any other cases that were lost. It was originally intended to close the Exposition on the 31st of October, but the French administration decided later to continue it a few days longer, and it was finally closed on the 6th of November. On the morning of the 7th of November every one started to work with a will to remove property, and the Exposition was a scene of busy movement from that time until near the end of the year. Our exhibitors, or their agents, who were present, had little trouble in. performing their part of the labor, which consisted in the repacking of their goods and the marking of their cases. Special labels were furnished by the Commission. In cases where exhibitors were not present or represented, their goods were repacked by the Commission for return to them. All the formalities concerning the return of freight and all the shipping business were attended to by the Com- mission. The first goods for the Exposition were shipped from New York to Paris February 1, 1889, by the French Transatlantic Company. The last packages of goods left our section of the Exposition on the 24th day of December, 1889. Some small exhibits and parts of sxhibits had been before that time removed to the headquarters of bhe Commission, and were distributed from there later. Four thousand five hundred and thirty-three packages in all were shipped by the Commission from the United States to the Exposition, at the cost of $-26,020.38. The number of packages returned by the Commission from tlie Exposition to the United States was 2.0r-2." at a cost of less than $11,000, the exact figures not being yet ascertained. The difference is accounted for by sales and donations of exhibits at Paris. Of the2.072packiioesrt>turnedtotheUuitedStates, 185 cases, containing pictures, jewelry, silverware, and other valuable goods, were shipped by the French Transatlantic Company via Havre to New York, and arrived ijroiujitly. Eighteen hundred and eighty- seven cases, containing ordinary freight, such as machinery, indus- trial and agricultural products, etc., wore shipped by the Iiiman In- tornalioual Steamship Company liy way of Liverpool to New York, this company having offered the lowest rates for the return of the ordinary freight. The goods shipped by the Inmau Company were REPORT OF THE ENGINEER. 65 carted from tte sections to the river. They were taken by boats down the river Seine to Havre. From Havre they were transferred to Liverpool by steamers of the Ounard Company. They were shipped from Liverpool to New York by tlie steamers of the Inman line. The last package of goods returned by this company reached New York City on the 30th day of April, 1890. The delay in the arrival of this freight in the United States seems to have been due to two causes. First, the Cunard Cornpany did not hurry forward the freight immediately on its arrival from Havre to Liverpool, probably giving preference to other freight of their own when their boats were crowded. Second, the dock strikes at Liverpool pre- vented the Inman Company from obtaining men for loading vessels, and created, as is well known, great delay and trouble in all shipping business at that place in the early part of this year. Some additional expense was caused by the shipment of the goods that were returned by way of Liverpool. As these goods were re- moved from the Exposition on wagons, the French custom-house authorities required that each case containing dutiable articles should be bound by cords fastened with lead seals before leaving the grounds, and that the seals should be removed by their officers at Havre before the departure of the goods from Fra^ace. This necessitated the em- ployment of additional clerical and laboring force, and was the cause, at times, of some delay. The customs officials were always obliging and ready to aid us, and we were especially indebted to Mr. Charles Mulot, Comptroller of that service, for much friendly advice and kind assistance. The French police and detective forces assigned to the care of our sections were composed of intelligent and reliable men, selected for this special service. They performed their duties in the most care- ful, efficient, and polite manner, and our relations with the officers and "agents" were always cordial and harmonious. The house occupied as headquarters of the United States Commis- sion,- at 27 Avenue de la Bourdonnais, Paris, from the month of October, 1888, was vacated on the 31st day of January, 1890, after most of the books, papers, records, etc., had been shipped to the United States. My duties, especially before the opening of the Exposition, threw me into contact with many of the officers of the French administra- tion, principally with the Director-General, Mr. Georges Berger; the Chief of the Foreign Sections, Mr. Marc Millas; the Engineers of the Mechanical and Electrical Service, Messrs. Vigreux and Bour- don ; the Architects of Installation, Messrs. Sddille and Hermant, and others. From all these gentlemen I received prompt and cordial assistance in the settlement of all matters referred to them, and the most polite and courteous attention. All of their business was per- H. Ex. 410 5 66 UNIVEESAL EXPOSITION OF 1889 AT PARIS. formed in a precise and thorough manner, but I have never seen less desire manifested to annoy people with unnecessary formalities or ceremonious behavior. After your departure at the close of the Exposition, my duties brought me more frequently into relation with the United States Minister, Hon. Whitelaw Eeid, and the officers of the United States Legation. I am indebted to all of these gentlemen for many civili- ties, and for hearty co-operation in all matters referred to them. Thanks are due, also, to United States Consul-General Rathbone, for prompt and polite aid in the formalities attending the return of the goods to the United States. As you are personally familiar with the operations of the Exposi- tion from its commencement to its close, and are well acquainted with all persons employed under you in the performance of the work, it is not incumbent upon me to name here any of those who have assisted me in carrying on my part of the management. It only remains, therefore, for me to thank you for the uniform kind- ness and consideration with which you have treated my efforts to make a success of the American Department of the Paris Exposition of 1889. Respectfully submitted. WM. C. GUNNELL, Chief Engineer U. S. Commission, Paris Exposition of 1889. General W. B. Franklin, United States Commissioner-General, REPORT OF THE SUPERINTENDENT OF LIBERAL ARTS. Teoy, N". Y., March 29, 1890. Sir : In reporting to you upon the work done by me at the Paris Exposition of 1889,, I will confine myself to a description of that which occupied my attention as Superintendent of Group 3. I will say, however, that from the time of my appointment as class juror until the time of meeting of the group jury, I devoted such time as my other duties would permit to committee work. Thus most of my mornings were devoted to a very interesting and instructive work, that opened up before me many surprises, and induced me to believe that we, as a nation, should now copy from Europe in elementary educational matters, just as France copied from us after studying the report made by its very able Commissioner Buisson, who made a very careful study of the American exhibits that were shown at the Philadelphia Exhibition of 1876. The principal advance made by European countries seems to be in the matter of providing new and improved tools in educational insti- tutions, just as we have done in our factories and mercantile estab- lishments. There may be a demand for cheap material, but we also notice a demand for an economical form of everything that can aid or in any way benefit either teacher or pupils, and not only the demand exists, but also the authority and funds with which to pur- chase. Great attention is being paid to the sanitary condition of the rooms and buildings, and to the form of furniture best suited to the needs of growing children. The schools are becoming supplied with museums and models at a rate that surprises us who live in a land of local governments. These museums and models are prepared at small cost per school, but they are so well arranged that they rep- resent an incalculable value to teachers and pupils alike. For the amotint of money that three vessels like the Texas would cost, every school in the United States could be supplied with such museums, and it appears to me that no better use could be made of such a sum than this, which would place it in the way of serving millions of people. In the jury there were many able educators who were well ac- quainted with our systems, and inclined to treat us in a friendly manner. 67 68 UNIVERSAL EXPOSITION OF 1889 AT PARIS. During the fall of 1888 I had become interested in the Exposition to be held in Paris the next summer, and gladly accepted the position of Superintendent of Group 2, which you kindly offered me Decem- ber 37, 1888. A circular letter, dated October 28, 1888, had already been sent by this Commission to the educational institutions, soliciting exhibits, and, unfortunately for the success of our work, the impression seemed to exist in the office of the Commission that the Commissioner of Education would assist us by issuing the next circular. January 15 I became aware of the impossibility of receiving such assistance on account of press of work in the bureau, and prepared two circular letters, which I submitted for approval January 17. After approval, these circular letters were numbered 8 and 9 and put in the printer's hands, but some unknown cause delayed their issuance until the 35th of January. Within the next few days No. 9 had been mailed to most of the important libraries, and No. 8 to most of the other educational institutions. As I had been informed at the office that the last shipment must be ready for the steamer that sailed March 16, it will be seen that there was a very short time after receiving our circular before the exhibit must have been sent, and consequently many did nothing who would have been able and willing to send attractive exhibits if they could have had more time. Early in March I was informed that shipments would be made later than the 18th, but I considered the information too late to be of much value in soliciting exhibits, and made no ma- terial change in my plans. If this extra time could have been counted upon when circular letters Nos. 8 and 9 were issued, it would have been of very great value to us. It is no doubt evident that I do not attribute the success of my group to the circular letters, but rather to the personal visits made and the personal letters written, with the aid of Mr. E. F. Chillman, of Troy, N. Y. , who gave me valuable assistance in America both before and after my departure for Paris. I divided the educational institutions into forty classes and made sure of a good representative exhibit for each class, and then tried to get as many more good ones as possible. The list of exhibitors transmitted through the Chief Engineer, and the list of awards, will show that the effort was not wholly without effect. Many letters were sent to dealers in supplies, but our limited space furnished most of them with an excuse for not contributing. I was both sorry and glad that we had no exhibit of school furniture, — sorry, because we make the best school furniture in the world, and glad because I do not know what we could have done with such a bulky exhibit. I visited twenty-five cities and talked with the people who controlled the important educational institutions, both public and private, and succeeded in securing an exhibit in nearly every REPORT OF SUPERINTENDENT OF LIBEEAJi ARTS. ' 69 case. These exhibits were nearly all sent to me in Troy by mail, in franked packages, and were there prepared for shipment to Paris. March 16, 1889, having prepared and shipped all exhibits received up to that time, I sailed from New York on La Gascogne, and landed in Havre on the morning of the 25th of that month. By the middle of that afternoon I had reported for duty at 27 Avenue de la Bour- donnais. The design according to which the buildings allotted to my group had been constructed was probably at fault; for the finished build- ings, not being satisfactory to the administration, had just been torn down, and were about to be replaced by more artistic work. I watched the work, and with ever-increasing anxiety, as it became more and more evident that the buildings would not be completed by the time of the opening of the Exposition, several times causing the French administration to be informed that we were ready to enter upon the work of installation, and advising that anything that might be done to hurry the work would be much appreciated. The building was of rough stone masonry, plastered on the inside, and as the month of April was very wet, the walls could not progress very satisfactorily. They were plastered the last of April, and the 4th of May found the floor laid and roof boarded, but it was the mid- dle of May before the roof was made fairly tight, and the last of May before the walls were thought dry enough to paint. In future exhibitions I advise the use of double flooring wherever it becomes necessary for the United States to use gallery space over that occupied by another nation, as it may prevent unpleasantness due to the carelessness of exhibitors and attendants. As our space was in a narrow gallery and up one flight, it did not receive the attention which was given to the ground floor galleries, and was left until the last to be finished. As soon as the walls were painted, I proceeded to cover them with exhibits up to the four-meter limit, and when the jury met on the 12th of June, we were ready for them. Long before the main part of the space had been prepared for installation, a corner had been inclosed, and all the small exhibits unpacked and stored in the place, so that we had very little trouble, after the walls and benches were prepared, in putting up exhibits. As may be seen by reference to the Engineer's plan, there were some five thousand square feet of floor space devoted to Group II and Class 19 of Group III. The way in which the space was allotted to the various classes is also shown. In 1878, as I understand, about two thousand square feet of the very best ground floor space were devoted to the educational classes, while we were obliged to be as contented as possible with one thou- sand square feet of very poor space. But we were informed that the Exposition was primarily commercial, and that the earlier commer- 70 UNIVERSAL EXPOSITION OF 1889 AT PARIS. cial applicants for space would be considered before tbe school ex- hibits. It became necessary therefore to condense the educational work. The exhibits were piled up on shelves and in closets, so that only a small part could be seen at any one time. We decided on the arrangement of partitions and shelves giving a maximum amount of wall and shelf space, and at the same time straight aisles, which I consider of much importance where many people are passing. The alcove plan is objectionable on that account, even when it is not essential that a maximum of exhibition space be secured. By the plan adopted I obtained, for Classes 6, 7, and 8, 1800 square feet of wall space, 500 of bench room, and 500 of aisles, on the thou- sand square feet of floor devoted to them. We were crowded in every class of the group, with the possible exception of Class 10 (inks, pens, etc.), and could easily have used five times as much space. We had no more room for a wall display of drawings than was absolutely necessary to show that in America there ai-e detached movements in the same direction as those which are most promi- nent in Europe to-day. These are the introduction of drawing and tool work into the curricula as intellectual aids, and not for the purpose of teaching trades. The work shown by schools of this kind, both superior and sec- ondary, compared most favorably with that shown by similar schools in France, Switzerland, and other European countries. In the supe- rior class were the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, the Uni- versity of Illinois, the Alabama Polytechnic and the Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute; and in the secondary class were the Manual Training School of St. Louis, and the Philadelphia Manual Training School. Boston, on account of its very large and excellent exhibit, was given a room by itself. The other exhibits were arranged, as nearly as possible, in the order of the age of pupils, beginning with the kindergartens, and closing with the universities and professional schools. For school exhibits there were four class juries, and we did our best to have the jury of only one class in our section at any one time, removing for the time everything not belonging to that class, and filling the shelves with the exhibits of that class, arranged as nearly as possible in the order of the catalogue. In this way, but at some trouble to ourselves and perhaps to some of the jurors, we caused every exhibit to be placed before the proper jury in a way that re- quired a minimum of time for proper inspection. Classes 6 and 7 were especially complete in the matter of reports and monographs, and I think it will be granted that this kind of matter is of more importance than scholars' work. This should not be taken to mean that there was no such work, for there was a laro-e amount of it piled upon our benches. Class 8 was quite good, on account of the reports from the Government scientific bureaus and KEPORT OF SUPERINTENDENT OF LIBERAL ARTS. 71 scientific associations. It also contained a considerable number of reports and circulars from universities and colleges. The work shown by Johns Hopkins University was considered of first merit, as any one must consider it, if it is recalled that it con- sisted of optical gratings and spectrum photographs by Prof. Henry A. Rowland, and the publications of the university. The Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute made a rather large and very interesting exhibit of works written by members of the faculty and alumni, and of photographs of works erected by alumni. This insti- tution also claims some share in Professor Rowland's work, as he is an alumnus, and taught physics in the institute before he became a member of the faculty of Johns Hopkins University. The exhibit made by the Massachusetts Institute of Technology was very complete and compact, as an exhibit from an engineering school should be. Just at this poiut I would like to make a comparison of the num- ber of awards given to the Educational Group in 1878, with the num- ber given to these classes in 1889: 1878, 2000 square floor space feet of 1889, 1000 square feet of floor space. Class. S 1' 1 i 1 1 1 a •e, <4 S J' 1 P 1 i a V ra o m m w a O s m M Class 6 IB S5 17 11 1 25 28 15 9 Class r 7 13 s 12 1 8 6 3 3 Class 8 4 4 a 9 5 11 3 18 4 4 2 Total 87 43 sn 23 11 d9. ^Q pa nn 115 mil If we evaluate the awards according to the following scale — Grand prix ^'5 Gold medal = 4 Silver medal = 3 Bronze medal = 3 Honorable mention = 1 we find 3. 6.3 for the average value of award in 1878, and 2. 88 as the average value in 1889. This is the highest average value for any nation, France included. Besides the educational exhibits, we had two other collections, one of books arranged by Mr. E. Turquem, and another of periodicals arranged principally by Mr. Albert F. Parks. These, together with a few individual exhibits, constituted Class 9. Mr. Turquem arranged the book collection in a very prominent place, just opposite the entrance from the main stairway, and made a very fine display of the 72 UNIVERSAL EXPOSITION OP 1889 AT PAKIS. work of our principal publishing houses. The collection of trade, educational, and literary journals occupied an alcove between the Turquem collection and the space occupied by Portugal, and in front of the office of the superintendent of the section. The larger individual exhibits of Classes 10 to 15 inclusive were arranged as shown on the plan. There were very few exhibitors in these classes, on account of our inability to give them as large spaces as they asked for. In making application for space, nearly everybody asked for enough for desk-room and a broad aisle around the show-cases, dis- regarding the fact that the Commission had made proper arrange- ment for aisles, and expected the exhibitors to use the whole space granted for exhibition of objects. Another difficulty in arranging . the plan of installation was the lack of information regarding the styles and sizes of exhibitors' show-cases. The heterogeneous col- lection of show-cases in the American section should be considered as the thing most responsible for any little dissatisfaction that may have been felt on account of the appearance of the section. Class 16 occupied a small amount of floor space, and would have required about ten thousand square feet of wall space for as com- plete a display as was made by France in the same class. With us the exhibits were piled one above another, until everything had been placed upon the tables, where they could be examined by such interested people as were willing to handle hundreds of large maps and charts. Our window space was used for Class 1 9 of Group III, and contained an exceptionally fine window by John Lafarge, and similar work by other American artists and glass manufacturers. So far as I know, every exhibit, at one time or another, was brought before the jury, and that there were some good things in the group is shown by the following list of awards : Group n. Grand prizes. Gold medals. SUver medeils. Bronze medals. Honora- ble men- tion. Class 6 1 1 9 25 8 6 4 6 2 2 4 31 6 11 4 13 3 2 1 16 3 3 a 8 3 9 8 17 Class? ClassS Class 0,7,8 Class 9 1 1 12 6 1 7 Class 10 Classll Class 13 Class 18 1 6 Class 14 1 Class IB S 4 3 1 Class 16 Total 21 KQ QQ 68 SliO BEPOET OF SUPERINTENDENT OF LIBERAL ARTS. 73 So far as I have been able to find ont, no nation has a higher aver- age for its Group II, and we may say that we received more awards in Gronp II than any other foreign nation, and that, our average award was higher than that of any nation, France included. I think, moreover, that the awards were secured at less cost to our Government than those in most other groups, and less, even than the awards in the same group in 1878. A^ that time the separate expense account for the Educational Group covered Classes 6, 7, and 8, which occupied about two thousand square feet, while the group expenses in 1889 covered Classes 6 to 16 inclusive, and Class 19, which occupied five thousand square feet of floor space. During the time of unpacking and placing exhibits I was aided by James B. Collins, who served as my assistant during the greater part of the Exposition period, and by Carl Ohlsen, who acted as chief guardian of the group. He was assisted by from one to three other guardians, as the circumstances seemed to require, and that they did their duty is shown by the facts that the section was well cleaned, and that the only things stolen during the day- time were eight small photographs. During the earlier months of the Exposition a private of the Marine Corps was stationed in the group to act as a guardian. During the night we left the section in the hands of the French guardians, and I believe that they did their duty, as only one claim of loss was made by an exhibitor. As this exhibitor had left his drawer unlocked, and as he had filed no in- voice with the commission showing the goods claimed to have been stolen, I choose to believe that he made a mistake in counting, and that the property of American exhibitors was efficiently guarded both day and night. During the summer more people passed through our group than I had expected, although there were few Americans among the vis- itors. The crowds very rarely began to come before noon, and not often before 2 o'clock, but the section was generally well filled from that time to the closing hour. The visitors were quiet and orderly, and many of them were quite appreciative, although the interested ones rarely came in the afternoon. I estimated the largest number that passed through in any one day at 13,000, while the smallest num- ber in any one day was perhaps 300. As the day for closing the Exposition approached, I began to arrange exhibits so that they could be easily and quickly packed, and had new boxes made to replace special ones that could not be found in the storage yards. Early on the morning of November 7 the cases for Group II were delivered at the most convenient door, and before noon all had been taken into the gallery and were being filled. November 7 and 8 I gave my personal attention to the distri- bution of exhibits that had been donated to various institutions, and also to the packing of cases. At sunset of the 8th, there were only 74 TJNIVEESAIi EXPOSITION OF 1889 AT PARIS. three cases of the collective exhibit to be packed, and agents had packed many of the individual exhibits. That evening I went to Havre, and sailed the next morning for New York on the steamer La Gascogne. After having been in America for some time, I received the col- lective educational exhibit, which had been forwarded from Paris by way of Liverpool, and proceeded to distribute the parts to their re- spective owners, or to such places as had been designated. These packages were mostly sent by mail, but a few large ones were for- warded by the National Express Company. After the close of the Exposition, I arranged a collection of reports, etc. , to be used by the reporter of the jury for Class 6 in making his report, and gave explicit directions for forwarding the collection to him. By a letter recently received, it appears that the documents never reached him, so I collected another but smaller set, and sent them by registered mail the first of this month. I believe I can now report that all of the exhibits of the educational collection are returned or accounted for. Personally, I would thank you for your continual kindness, which made the past summer one of the pleasantest of my life. Respectfully submitted. C. WELLMAN PARKS, Superintendent of Liberal Arts. General W. B. Franklin, Commissioner- General, STAFF OF THE COMMISSIONER-GENERAL UNITED STA.XES COIVIX4ISSION. Commissioner-Oenercil,* WILLIAM B. FRANKLIN, Hartford, Coiin. Assistant Commissioner-General,* SOMERVILLE PINKNEY TUCK, New York City. Lieut. Benjamin H. Buckingham, U. S. Navy, aide-de-camp. Naval Commissioner. Capt. David A. Lyle, Ordnance Department, U. S. Army, aide-de-camp, Military Commissioner. Capt. Henet Clay Cochrane, U. S. Marine Corps, Commanding Detachment of Marines. Lieut. Paul St. Clair Murphy, U. S. Mariae Corps. Scientific Experts appointed by the President as assistants to the Commissioner- General, corresponding to and assigned to the Nine Ctrmips into which the Expo- sition is divided. Group I Rush C. Hawkins New York City. Group II Arjhur J. Stace Notre Dame, Ind. Group III David Uequhakt, Jr Helena, Mont. Group IV William H. Chandler Bethlehem, Pa. Group V Spencer B. Newbury Ithaca, N. Y. Group VI "Charles B. Richards New Haven, Conn. Group VII A. Howard Clark Boston, Mass. Group VIII Charles V. Riley Washington, D. C. Group IX David King Newport, R. I. Chief Engineer William C. Gunnell. Secretary A. Bailly-Blanchard. Medical Officer John A. Tonner, M. D. Assistant Engineer B. Abdank. *Appointed by the President and confirmed by the Senate. 75 76 UNrVTEESAL EXPOSITION OF 1889 AT PAEIS. SUPERINTENDENTS OP DIVISIONS. Fine Arts J. H. Thieeiot Group I. Liberal Arts C. Wellman Paeks Group II. Industrial J. Feedebic Attoun Groups III, IV, and V. Machinery T. R. Pickeeinq Group VI. Agriculture F. T. Bickfoed Groups Vn, VIII, and IX. Electricity Gael Hbelng. Minerals Geoege F. Kunz. FOREIGN COMMISSIONERS-GENERAL List of the Commissioners-Oeneral of the several countries participating in the Paris Exposition of 1889. Covmtry. Name. Title. Argentine Bepublic. Austria-Hungary. . . Belgium Bolivia Brazil Cape of Good Hope Chili China Colombo Denmark Dominica Ecquador Egypt Finland Great Briteiin Greece Guatemala Hayti Hawaii Honduras Italy Japan Luxembourg Mexico Monaco.. Morocco Netherlands New Zealand Nicaragua Norway Paraguay Persia Peru Portugal Roumania Bussia San Marino San Salvador Servia Spain E. Olivera Louis Burger Victor Lynen Luis Salinas Vega Viscount de Cavalcanti Viscount de Montmort Carlos Antunez Teng-Ting-Keng General Posada Carl Jacobsen Baron de Almeda Clemente Ballen Aly Pacha ChSrif Hjalmar Londen Bight Eon. James Whitehead Ernest Vlasto Crlsanto Medina Emil Simmonds \..., Col.Z.S.Spaulding Louis Gaubert M. T. Villa Kentaro Yanagiya Tony Dutreux Manuel Diaz Mimiaga Marquis of Maussabr6-Beufvier Abdel-Kerime Bricha W. van der VUet Sir Francis Dillon Bell J. Francisco Medina Frederic Baetzmann Winsweiler General Nazare Aga Alejandro de Ydiaquez Councillor Marianne Cyrillo de Carvalho. Prince Georges Bibesco E. d'AndreefC Pietro Tonnini Dr. Antonio Quiroz Jefr. P. Goudovitch Matias Lopez y Lopez President. do. do. do. Commissioner-General. do. President. Commissioner-General. President. do. do. Commissioner-General. President. do. do. Commissioner-General. do. President. Commlssioner-Gteneral . do. President. Commissioner-General. Commissioner-Delegate. Commissioner-General. Executive Commissioner. Commissioner. Commissioner- General. do. do. do. do. President. Commissioner-General. President. Commissioner-General. President. do. do. do. do. •n 78 ITNIVEESAL EXPOSITION OF 1889 AT PARIS. List of the Commissioners-Oeneral of the several countries participating in the Paris Exposition of 1889 — Continued. Country. Name. Title. Siam President Smith A f n'pfl. T. N. de Villiers Commissioner-Greneral. General A^nt. United States of Americai Of nf ral W P FT-fti^lin Uruguay Vfll H'AnflnrPA Bonhoure Victoria Hon "W F Walker PrAsidpnt Venezuela (^piTiArAl (^ii7mnq.Ti BlAtlCO do HONORARY COMMISSIONERS APPOINTED BY GOVERNORS OF STATES. Paris Exposition, 1889. Honorary Commissioners appointed hy Governors of States. States. Name. Post-office Eiddress. Alabama. California. , Delaware . Florida.... Illinois. Iowa . . . W. S. Eeese Daniel Coleman James S. O'Shaughnessy Thomas M. Scruggs D.J. G. Thomas J.M.Cary Sidney M. Smith David Cohn W.H.De Young Joseph D. Bedding Max Wasserman .... Max Hellman J.E.Goux Charles M. Campbell Eugene Germain S.C.Bird W.G.Chipley A. B. Mason A.R.Duval H.B. Plant W.S.Webb Mrs. M. S. Young J. E. Ingraham A. N. Haldeman Mrs. Ellen C. Long George W. Wilson J. L. Gaskins Abram E. Smith Henry H. Spaulding . . . . A. Power W. W. Power J. H. Boeyer Floyd Davis Sylvain Block S.W.Hurst Thomas Griffith Dr. McKenzie N. Graves . T. G. Steinke James Crosby Frank Brignon Montgom,ery. Huntsville. do. Decatur. Mobile. Union Springs. San Francisco. do. do do. do. do. Santa Barbara Sacramento. Los Angeles. Wilmington. Pensacola. Jacksonville, do. do. do. do. Sanford. Tallahassee. do. Osceola. Starke. Bockford. Chicago. Davis County. do. Cerro Gordo County. Polk County. Hardin County. Decatm- County. Montgomery Coimty. Cass County. do. Clayton Coimty. Powesheik County. 79 80 UNIVERSAL EXPOSITION OF 1889 AT PAEIS. Paris Exposition, 1889. Honorary Commissioners appointed by Oovernors of States — Continued. States. Name. Post office address. K'flTiRAiS , , , , James A. Vignaud D. A. Chuifraise Maine William Seljgman Paris. Edmund B. Mallett Gen. Neal Dow Freeport. Portland. do G.O.Lapointe.M.D Rev. James Gorman Biddeford. Brunswick. Emile Barbier Hyllyard C. Lee F.iiwarrl J Smith Detroit. Alfonso Stadaker Canton. Prof.S.Waterhouse St. Louis. Jerome Hill do Lewis C. Nelson do. John Boffinger do. Andrew Warren do. Dr. Augustus Gallagher Kansas City. St. Joseph. Columbia. Col. Winslow Judson Victor Barth ; D. W. Seligman Nebraska J. N.H.Patrick R. W. Patrick do W.F.Cody North Platte. Carson City. Nevada ... . F.M.Biber R. K.Colcord New Hampshire Prof. Charles C. Rounds, Ph. D Hon, Charles H. Sawyer Plymouth. North Carolina Hon. E. Chambers Smith Raleigh. Eugene G. Harrell E. McK. Goodwin do Rev. M.M. Marshall, D.D do John S. Cunningham W.A.Blair Cunningham. J.M.GovS Chapel HiU. do T.P.Venable Percy Gray Greensboro. Wake Forest. W.M.MichaU Sol. Weil Oregon EdwinC.Holt John M. Morehead Burlmgton. Charlotte. Portland. Philadelphia. do. do. do. do. do Pennsylvania WiUiam H. Hastings James H. A. Roberts John 0. Hughes R.F.CuUinan Dr. T. Krawsckopt William E. Little Francis Rawle do. HOKORAET COMMISSIONEES. 81 Paris Exposition, 1889. Honorary Commissioners appointed by Governors of States — Continued. States. Name. Post-office address. FennsylTania . Rhode Island . . South Carolina. Texas . Virginia. James N. Jeitles John L. Lawson Charles H. Brinley — Dr.M.J.Grier Andrew Carnegie John Henry Harjes. . . John P.Zaner Aram J. Pothier ...... T. E. Horton J. W. BiUings J. D. Goodpasture J.T.Shipp T.O.Morris Dr. George H. Price . . . G.H.StockeU Robert Scales S. D. Clayhrook M. J. Obrien W.K. Phillips M.M. Bright B.F.Cook Joseph Jacobs A. Blum B. C. Wells Eugene PhilUppi L.B.Chilton F.B.Chnton T. H. Conklin Isaac Stein Ivy H. Bmney Williams. Red Rufus C. Burleson Herman Knittell S. B. Allen G.H.Forcke A. C. Hamilton A. E. Valois W. L. Bring;hurst . . . . J. G. Tucker Alexander McFarlane Thomas Nelson Page . John Pope Lewis Ginter Henry Preston Thomas J. Pinn Philadelphia, do. Pittsburg. Paris, Prance. Bradford. Wooiisocket. Nashville. do. do. do. do. Franklin. Nashville. Fayetteville. Chattanooga. Richmond. do. do. Danville. do. H. Ex. 410 6 LIST OF THE SUPERIOR JURY. Messrs. Deputy Mr. Count Deputy Senator Mr. M( Superior Jury — Paris Exposition, 1889. P. Tirard President of the Council France. A. Fallieres Minister of Public Instruction France. and Fine Arts. M. Tisseraud Minister of Agriculture France. Teisserenc de Bort Senator France. Dietz-Monnin. . . . Senator France. Poirrier Senator France. Berthelot Senator France. Christophle Deputy France. Dautresme Deputy France. Louis Pasteur ... M. D. France. Leon Say Senator France. Jules Simon Senator France. Meissonier President Group I France. Rohmann Vice-President Group I Russia. Melida Vice-President Group I Spain. Poubelle President Group II France. SomervilleP.Tuck Vice-President Group II United States. Gobat Vice-President Group II Switzerland. David Perret. . . . President Group III Switzerland. Darcel Vice-President GroupIII France. Cattaui Vice-President Group III Austria-Hungary. Meline President Group IV France. Joseph Leigh Vice-President Group IV Great Britain. Zamoiski Vice-President Group IV Russia. Sabatier President Group V Belgium. Scheurer-Kestner Vice-President Group V France. Ygarzabal Vice-President Group V ArgentineRepubllc. Deputy Count Captain Messrs. r Belpar Thurston Prevet President Group VI Fi-ance. Vice-President Group fl. Belgium. [... Vice-President Group VI United States. Jn,^ President Group VH ! France. Navarro-ReverteTNTice-President Group VII Spain. Marianne C. de ViSss^President Group VII Portugal. Carvalho *^>™« Vercruysse-Bracq Vice-PresicfUpt Group VII Belgium. Foucher de Careil President Groiij^ VIII France. D. A. Lyie Vice-President Gi\pup VIII United States. Blaremberg Vice-President Groftin VIII Roumania. Ladislas Netto. . . Vice-President Group V5II Brazil. 83 84 UNIVERSAL EXPOSITION OP 1889 AT PARIS. Sir Colville-Barclay . President Group IX . Great Britain, Messrs. Freiwald , Vice-President Group IX . Netherlands. Hardy Vice-President Group IX , France. . France. Lemoine . . . France. . France. Fremy . France. Alcorta Commissioner-Delegate , Argentine Republic Antunez , President Chilian Commission. ... . Chili. Prince Georges Bibesco . Commissioner-General . Roumania. Count A.de Camondo. . , Executive-Commissioner . Italy. Deputy Jules CarUer Commissioner-General . Belgium. Viscount de Cavalcanti. . . . , Commissioner-General . Brazil. Colonel Juan Diaz Commissioner-General . Uruguay. Ml-. Mimiaga Diaz. .. Commissioner-General . Mexico. Oeneral W.B.Franklin .. Gibert Commissioner-General United States. Messrs. Commissioner-Delegate . Servia. Kentaro Yanagiyi 3. Commissioner-General . Japan. Matias Lopez President Spanish Commission Spain. Crisanto Medina. Commissioner-General . Guatemala. Francisco Medina Commissioner-General . Nicaragua. Viscount de Melicio President Lisbon Commission Portugal. Messrs. Pandia Ralli Commissioner , Greece. Pector Commissioner-General . Salvador. Posnansky Commissioner-General . Russia. Van der Vliet. . . . Commissioner-General Netherlands. Colonel Voegeli-Bodmer . Wood Coin m 1 ssi nn pr-Gprtpral Switzerland Mr. , Commissioner-Delegate . Great Britain. Deputy Etienne Commissioner French Colonies. Messrs. Henrique , Commissioner French Colonies. Muller Commissioner Algeria. Sanson Commissioner Timis. Alphand Director General of Works France. Berger Director General of Management. . France. Grison Director General of Finance France. Vigreux Chief of the Electrical Sevvirp , France. . France. Monthiers , Chief of French Sections Dautresme Larroumet Director of Fine Arts . France. Deputy Proust Special Commissioner of Fine Arts France. Mr. Tisserand Director of Agriculture . France. Secretaries to the Superior Jn^n •">. Messrs. Trelat, Messrs. Riviere, Messrs.1 ^i.i'^vrier, Hetzel, Rouche, / Glasser, Mallevoue, Baumgart, Varey, Thurneyssen, Delorine, / Hardon, Savoy e, Meynard, y^ Sohier. H6mou. Talamon. .'' INTERNATIONAL JURY OF PRIZES-SUPERIOR JURY. REPORT TO THE PRESIDENT OF THE COUNCIL, MINISTER OF COM- MERCE, OF INDUSTRY AND OF THE COLONIES, COMMISSIONER- GENERAL. Mr. President : In its first general session, held August 26, the Superior Jury on Prizes decided to confide to a sub-committee of twenty-five members, consisting principally of the presidents of the committees and group juries, the duty of examining certain disputed questions brought forward at that session, of making out the list of persons proposed for prizes which in its opinion should be ratified, and of examining the reclamations received. This sub-committee was composed as follows : Mr. Teisserenc de Bort, President ; Messrs. Dietz-Monniu and Poirrier, Vice Presidents. Members : Messrs. Alphand, Dauphinot, Foucher de Careil, Fr^my, Greard, Hardy Larroumet, Leigh, Lyle, Lemoine, Meissonier, Navarro-Reverter, Picard, Poubelle, Prevet. L^on Say, Sabatier, Sir Colville Barclay, Commander Frescot. and Colonel Perret. Secretaries : Messrs. Hetzel and Trflat. Mr. Grf^ard substituted Mr. Somerville Pinkney Tuck in his place, and Mr. Foucher de Careil, Mr. Grandeau. The Director-General of Management, assisted by Mr. Monthiers, Chief of Service of the French Sections, was present at all the sessions. The sub-committee met fifteen times, and generally held two ses- sions a day. The importance and multiplicity of the work which it had to accomplish are shown by the fact that it required a bureau of numerous clerks, under the direction of Messrs. Monthiers and Hetzel, more than two days to open the proceedings and classify the decisions. ■ Exhibitors are inevitably led to believe that a Superior Jury pos- sesses all the powers necessary to set itself up as a redresser of wrongs, and that it is therefore its mission to revise and verify, name by name, all the decisions of the class and group juries. The sub-com- mittee did not so understand its mission. It adopted first, as a gen- eral principle, that it would modify only in very exceptional cases the decisions of the class juries ratified by the group juries. It de- cided, however, to take into consideration all the reclamations pre- sented by the exhibitors, or in their names, though it well knew that 85 86 UNIVERSAL EXPOSITION OF 1889 AT PARIS. most of them would be only the cries and complaints of wounded vanity. In order to assure promptitude and regularity in its work, it sent to the representative of each group jury the reclamations affecting the exhibitors in the different classes of that group. The next proceedings were the reading by the representatives of each group of the names proposed for the first-class prizes, such as diplomas of grand prizes and diplomas of gold medals, and after this the presentation of written reclamations. Once the discussion ended and the decisions taken, the commissioners-general of the different foreign countries were permitted to present all the obser- vations which they wished to present on the part of their countrymen, and which it had been impossible to transmit in writing. This method was the only one under which the sub-committee could es- cape the reproach of partiality and neglect of the interests of some one or other. A great number of the reclamations referred to the omission to examine certain articles, or to their examination by juries of a class in which they should not have been included. The sub-com- mittee, whenever it found that these reclamations were well founded, delegated those of its members whom their special competency pointed out, to examine and pass upon such articles, assisted by certain members of the class and group juries, or foreign commis- sioners-general. The reports of these delegates led to the award of the supplementary prizes, which are mentioned on the memoranda annexed to this report, alongside of those definitely awarded, after certain changes decided on in consequence of reclamations recog- nized as well founded. It is proper to add that these changes, con- sisting in elevating or reducing the grade of the diplomas proposed by the class and group juries, were, as a rule, decided on after the sub-committee, in order to get all the light possible, had heard the presidents, secretaries, or reporters of these juries, convoked for this purpose. The reports were presented for Group I (Fine Arts) by Mr. Meis- sonier; for Group II (Education and Instruction, Material and Pro- cesses of the Liberal Arts) by Mr. Poubelle; for Group III (Fur- niture and Accessories) by Colonel David Perret; for Group IV (Fab- rics, Clothing, and Accessories) by Mr. Leigh, assisted by Mr. Roy. Secretary of the grovip; for Group V (Mining Arts. Raw and Manu- factured Products) by Mr. Sabatier; for Group VI (Tools and Pro- cesses of the Mechanical Arts, Electricity) by Mr. Picard ; for Group VII (Alimentary Products) by Mr. Prevet; for Group VIII (Agri- culture, Viticulture, and Pisciculture) by Mr. Grandeau; for Group IX (Horticulture) by Sir Colville Barclay; and for the Section of Social Economy, by Mr. Ldon Say. The masterly manner in which these reports were developed, and the discussione to which their conclusions gave rise, were wreatlv to INTERNATIONAL JURY OF PRIZES. 87 tlie honor of the eminent men who composed the snb-committee. If it had been possible to record the elevated ideas -which were exchanged, to picture the important industrial, economical, and artistic ques- tions, which were treated in the course of the discussion with most attractive fullness, the Exposition would have left behind it one doc- ument more to attest the value of the men who figured on its juries. It would take long to extract from the record of the proceedings, drawn up with remarkable exactness, and a faithfulness that the complication. of the discussions might have made impossible, even a r^sumd of the arguments and considerations on which were based the decisions in the matters submitted to the jury, and presented to it under aspects as different as unexpected, although belonging to similar questions. It must suffice me to say that the sub-committee never intended to appear to substitute its opinion for that of the class and group juries, whose investigations it was bound to respect, made, as they were, with a competency which the sub-committee could not pretend wholly to possess. It enunciated no decisions: it simply passed upon the form and spirit in which the decisions had been made, whenever it was necessary. The testimony which it has had to record amply proves, besides, the care and equity which presided over the deliber- ations of the juries. The sub-committee, taking as its text the words pronounced by you, Mr. President, in the opening session of the International Jury on Prizes, has desired to furnish to our foreign guests proof of the cordial hospitality of France, and of her gratitude to the nations who responded to her call. It was not sufficient for the sub-committee that these foreign nations were represented in its body by seven members; it gave free access to its deliberations to the representa- tives of the difiierent national sections, whether they were members of the Superior Jury or not. All could be heard at its bar. The Exposition of 1889 will make its mark in the history of the American nations. By their admirable aid in certain classes of Group II, especially, and by their incomparable exhibitions of raw material and natural products in Groups V and VII, the nations have affirmed, and the Superior Jury has confirmed, their irrefu- table right to enter into the concert of the most powerful nations. The Old World must decidedly account with the progress of the 2few. One of the novelties of the Exposition was the Section of Social Economy. Mr. Ldon Say, amid the applause of the sub-committee, developed an interesting and moving report on this section, in which it has been found necessary to inform economists and heads of prov- ident institutions over and over again how they could become exhib- itors. It is now settled that there exists in the questions of social economy a new element of classification for future exposition. 88 TTKIVERSAL EXPOSITION OF 1889 AT PARIS. In the course of their fifteen sessions the sub-committee examined about seven hundred and four questions, as follows: First. Thirty-five questions submitted to its judgment relating, under different aspects, to the principle of non-competition; to the distinctions to be drawn between diplomas of prizes and commemora- tive diplomas referred to in Article 33 of the Regulations of the Jurj-; and to the classification to be made of the collaborators recommended for prizes. Second. Six hundred and sixty-nine questions relating to exhibi- tors properly so called, and having for their object the elevation or the reduction of certain prizes; the award of diplomas to products overlooked or insufficiently examined; the confirmation of decisions made by class juries and amended by group juries, etc. A certain number of these last questions were decided after the reports drawn up by the representatives of the groups, or furnished by the delegates nominated by the sub-commission, had been heard. These six hundred and sixty -nine reclamations are divided by group as follows: Group 1 9 Group II 153 Group III 74 Group IV 90 Group V 125 Group VI 159 Group Vn Group Vm Group IX Social Economy . 18 33 1 Total . 669 Finally the presidents of the groups were authorized by the sub- committee, after having come to an understanding with the presi- dents and reporters of the class juries, or with the secretaries of the group juries, to decide directly upon ninety-one simple questions, the list of which has been annexed to the proceedings; which brings to seven hundred and ninety-five the total number of questions or reclamations which it has settled. I join to the present report a numerical table, giving the number of the prizes of each class, amended in each group by the group juries on the one side, and by the sub-committee on the other. The increase of the number of prizes which results is as follows: Diplomas of grand prizes 33 Diplomas of gold medals 108 Diplomas of silver medals 190 Diplomas of bronze medals 177 Diplomas of honorable mention I73 Total . 670 There is nothing excessive in these figures if we consider the large number of articles and products overlooked by the juries, which the sub-committee was obliged to have examined and judged by its dele- gates. INTERTSTATIONAL JURY OF PRIZES. 89' I have the honor to ask you to propose to the Siiperior Jury to accept this number. If it needs to be enlightened on the details of the operations of the sub-committee, the tables, drawn up class by class, and the reports of the proceedings are at its disposition. The members of the sub-committee are also ready to give all necessary ex- planations, each in what concerns him. I need not add that the Commission decided, conformably to the sentiments which appeared to prevail in the first session of the Su- perior Jury, certain questions of principle submitted to it. Thus it maintained firmly the rules adopted on the subject of non-competi- tive exhibits, ratifying the decision of the juries to consider that when directors general, delegate managers, and presidents of the councils of administration of manufacturing associations or companies, act as members of the jury, they thereby put out of competition the exhibits of such associations and companies. It has admitted no exception to this rule, and has even declared out of competition an exhibit in Group III exhibited in the name of a firm which con- tained the name of an exhibitor in Group I. It refused, on the other hand, to admit that the directors of special departments of such associations and companies could, by their presence on the jury, in- volve the non-competition of these associations, companies, etc. Thus, too, it concluded, conformably to the terms of my last report, that a producer exhibiting dissimilar articles in different classes might receive as many distinct prizes as there were dissimilar ex- hibits; but the same person could not claim two or more prizes for the same article examined by juries of different classes, even if these classes had nothing to do with each other. The Commission also thought, contrary to the conclusions of the same report, that certain exhibitors of Group IX, having taken part in the temporary competitions in horticulture, might be considered as permanent exhibitors, and competent therefore to receive prizes of the character of those referred to in Article 7 of the Eegulations of the Jury for the exhibitors in the groups of Fine Arts, of Indus- try, and of Agriculture. A special delegation will be added to the Jury of Group IX to decide upon such propositions as it may make for this purpose. The last question brought before the sub-committee was that of the prizes of the collaborators. A very thorough discussion took place on this subject. Every one recognized, as I had said in my report, that the spirit of Article 16 of the Regulations had been badly or too liberally interpreted. Recognizing that it was impossi- ble to make in season a complete and equitable revision of the work of the class juries, the sub-committee discussed the question whether it was necessary, in order to diminish the number of recommenda- tions to the extent required by the administration, to proceed to the suppression of all the high prizes of the collaborators, as far as the 90 UNIVERSAL EXrOSITION OF 1889 AT PAKIS. silver medal, for example. This plan might be defended upon the ground that the directors, chief engineers, and superior functionaries of the establishments awarded prizes had morally, from the nature of their positions, their share in the prize awarded. But this view was considered too subtile. On the other hand, it would have been deplorable to attain the desired end by striking out a comparatively large number of prizes of the lower grades. Such a proceeding would have been anti- democratic, and would have deprived of their prizes those workmen and overseers whom the regulations had especially in view in speak- ing of collaborators. The sub-committee decided, therefore, to propose that the number of collaborators prizes should be limited to 5,500, and that, no mat- ter to whom' they were awarded, they should consist in each case of a diploma only. The sub-committee suggests to the Superior Jury to have the kind- ness to adopt this solution. GEORGES BERGER. REGULATIONS OF THE INTERNATIONAL JURY- INTERNATIONAL JURY ON PRIZES.— REGULATIONS. Title I. — General Dispositions. Article 1. The appreciation of and the verdict on works of art, as well as on the industrial and agricultural products exhibited, are intrusted to an international jury comprised of titular and supplemental members, divided into the eighty-iive classes of the general classification, as settled by the ministerial decrees of August 26, 1886, March 11 and May 1, 1887. Art. 3. In each of the Class Juries the number of titular members for each nationality and for each branch of art or industry represented shall be, as far as possible, proportioned to the number of exhibitors and the importance of the exhibits. The total number of titular members, however, French and foreign, of the Inter- national Jury on Prizes, shall not exceed nine hundred. Art. 3. The total number of supplemental jurors, French and foreign, of the International Jury on Prizes, shall not exceed one-third of the titular members. Art. 4. The French titular and supplemental members of the International Jury on Prizes shall be chosen from the great departments of the Government, the academies, the principal boards and incorporated bodies, and for the most part among persons who, as exhibitors or as jurors appointed by the French Government, have received important prizes at the Universal International Expositions of Paris, London, Vienna, Philadelphia, Sidney, Melbourne, Amsterdam, Antwerp, Barcelona, or Brussels. Art. 5. Supplemental jurors shall have votes only when they occupy the places of absent titular jurors. Art. 6. The French titular and supplemental members of the International Jury on Prizes shall be named by presidential decree, on the nomination of the President of the Council, etc. Commissioner-General for the Class Juries of Group II to IX, and of the Minister of Public Instruction, etc., for the Class Juries of Group I. The foreign titular and supplemental members of the International Jury on Prizes shall be selected for each nationality by the foreign national committees. All nominations must be made before May 5, 1889. Art. 7. Each Class Jury of Groups II to IX can add to its members as associates one or more persons of competency on the subjects submitted to its examination. These associates or experts may be selected from among the titular or supplemental members of any class, or among specialists in the subject under consideration, out- side of the members of the jury. The persons thus added shall not take part in the labors of the Class Jury to which they have been attached, except for the spe- cial object for which they were added, and they shall have only a consultation voice. The choice of these associates or experts must be approved by the President of the Council, etc. , Commissioner-General. 91 92 irisriVEESAL exposition of 1889 at PARIS. Art. 8. Exhibitors who have accepted the office of jurymen, whether as titular or supplemental members, shall, ipso facto, be disqualified to receive a prize. Exhibitors attached as associates or experts shall also be disqualified, but only in the class in which they may take part. Art. 9. The prizes to be awarded under the form of diplomas placed at the dispo- sition of the International Jury, are divided as follows: Grand Prizes, Diplomas of Silver Medals, Diplomas of Gold Medals, Diplomas of Bronze Medals, Diplomas of Honorable Mention. Art. 10. The International Jury on Prizes must finish its labors between June 1 and September 1, 1889. But as regards the classes of Groups VII, VIII, and IX, intended for temporary competitive exhibition, the laboi-s of the jury may be con- tinued during the whole of the Exposition, as is laid down in Title III of the Reg- ulations in force. Art. 11. The formal distribution of prizes shall take place in the course of tlie month of September. Art. 12. A general report of the labors of the International Jury on Prizes and an official list of the names of the successful exhibitors shall be published. Art. 13. In accordance with Article 3 of the Decree of July 28, 1886, it shall be the duty of the Director General of Management, aided by his principal assistants, to prepare and direct the labors of the International Jury on Prizes, to receive and forward the results of the labors of the said Jury, to assure himself that the exhibit of no exhibitor has escaped examination, to listen to the observations and recla- mations of exhibitors, and to see that the rules are observed. The Director-General of Management shall have the right to be present at any meeting of the International Jury on Prizes, or to be represented, but he cannot in- tervene in the deliberations, except to state facts, recall the regulations, and submit the reclamations of the exhibitors. Title II. Award of prizes.— Dispositions applicabk only to the permanent exhibitions in Groups I to IX. Art. 14. The award of prizes instituted by Article 9 shall be decided by the suc- cessive labors of Class Juries, of which mention has been made in Title I, Group Juries, and the Superior Jury, of which we shall speak below. Art. 15. The Class Juries shall meet June 1, 1889. At their fii-st meeting they shall elect their bureaus, consisting of a president, a vice-president, a reporter, and a secretary. The president and the vice-president should be of different nationalities, one French and the other foreign. Art. 16. Each Class Jury shall proceed to the examination of the articles exhib- ited, and shall decide without distinction of nationality, and according to merit, upon the classification of the conti-ibutors who shall appear to be deserving of prizes. It shall make a separate list of those exhibitoi-s who, under Article 8, cannot compete. It shall classify, without distinction of nationality, the assistants, master- workmen, and workmen whom it thinks should be mentioned for their participation in the pro- duction of remarkable articles figuring in the exhibition. These lists, signed by the members of the Class Jury who took part in the work, shall be transmitted to the Director-General of Management by July 15 at the latest. If a Class Jury shall not have prepared its lists at the date above mentioned, they shall be supplied, ex-offlcio. by the Group Jury. REGULATIOlirS. 93 Art. 17. The presidents, vice-presidents, and reporters of the Class Juries shall compose the Group Juries, which shall meet July 20, 1889. Each Group Jury shall name a president, two vice-presidents, and a secretary,, who may be chosen outside of the members. A decree will determine the number of Frenchmen and foreigners who may be called to these functions. The nominations shall be made by decree on the suggestion of the President of the Council, etc., Commissioner-General, for Groups II to IX, and on that of the Minis- ter of Public Instruction, etc., for Group I. Art. 18. Each group shall revise and decide upon the classified lists submitted by the Class Juries. It shall consult successively each Class Jury on the decisions which concern it, and agree upon the suggestions to be made to -the Superior Jury as regards the number and division of prizes of each kind to be assigned to each class. The results of the labors of the Group Juries must be transmitted to the Birector- General of Management August 15, 1889 ; if the report of any group should not be ready on this date the Superior Jury shall supply it ex officio. Aet. 19. The Superior Jury shall have for honorary president the President of the Council, etc. ; it shall have for honorary vice-presidents, the Minister of Public Instruction, etc., and the Minister of Agriculture. It shall have tdi president and vice-presidents the president and vice-presidents of the Superior Commission of Revision, as constituted by the ministerial decrees of March 11 and May 4, 1887. It shall be composed of — The vice-presidents of the Commission of Control and of the Finances ; the pres- idents and vice-presidents of the Group Juries ; the members of the Superior Com- mission of Revision ; the comm.issioners-general or the presidents of the National Commissions, whose country numbers more than five hundred exhibitors inscribed on the catalogue. The president of the special jury of the Exhibition of Social Economy, instituted by Article 31; the Director-General of the Works ; the Director-General of Manage- ment ; the Director-General of Finances ; the Chief of the Mechanical and Elec- trical Services ; the Chief of Service of the French Section ; the Chief of Cabinet of the Ministry of Commerce and of the General Administrator of the Exposition ; the Director of Fine Arts ; the Special Commissioner of Fine Arts, and the Director of Agi'iculture. Art. 30. The following are named secretaries of the Superior Jury: The secretaries of the directors-general of the Exposition ; the chief of cabinet of the Minister of Public Instruction, etc.; the chief of cabinet of the Minister of Agri- culture ; the sub-chief of the General Administrator of the Exposition, and the sec- retaries of the group committees. Art. 31. The Superior Jury shall meet August 30, 1889. It shall examine the recommendations of the Group Juries, and shall decide, without recourse and ac- cording to merit, on the Usts of exhibitors in each class entitled to prizes and on the number and distribution of the prizes of the different kinds to be conferred on the successful exhibitors. Art. 23. A special jury of thirty-two members shall be created for the Exhibition of Social Economy. The nominations shall be made by decree on the proposition of the President of the Council, etc. , Commissioner-General. One-half the members shall be chosen among the members of the sectional commit- tees of the Exhibition of Social Economy; the other half shall be taken from outside. The special jury of the Exhibition of Social Economy shall meet June 1, 1889. At its first meeting it shall elect its bureau, composed of a president, a vice-presi- dent, a reporter, and a secretary. 94 UNIVERSAL EXPOSITION OP 1889 AT PARIS. The special jury of the Exhibition of Social Economy shall prepare, in order of merit, the Ust of exhibitors who can receive prizes, and shall make its recommen- dations relative to the number and distribution of the prizes of the diflEerent kinds. The results of the labors of the special jury on the Exhibition of Social Economy must be submitted to the Director-General of Management August 15, 1889, to be transmitted du-ectly to the Superior Jury. Art. 33. Special diplomas may be awarded to persons who have taken part in the Retrospective Exposition of Labor and of the Anthropological Sciences, and in the Retrospective Exposition of the Fine Arts, by loaning articles to members of the different committees, commissions, and juries, as well as to functionaries of the ad- ministrative services. Title III. Award of prizes — Special dispositions as regards the temporary competitive exhibitiojis of Qroups VII, VIII, and IX. Abt. 34. During the whole duration of the Exposition the Class Juries inter- ested shall submit to the President of the Council, etc., Commissioner-General, the names of the associates they may desire to add to their number for the examination of the products comprised in the temporary competitive exhibitions which may take place in certain classes of Groups VII, VIII, and IX. The presentation of the names of these temporary associates shall be made eight days at least before the day fixed for the opening of each of such temporary com- petitive exhibitions. As soon as these temporary competitive exhibitions shall be ended, each tem- porary committee, composed of members of the jury of the corresponding class and of their temporary associates, shall prepare, in order of merit, a list of the exhibitors, collaborators, and workmen whom it shall judge worthy of prizes, and shall arrange them in four lists under the titles of "first prizes," " second prizes," " tliird prizes," and " honorable mentions." This classification may be published immediately. Art. 36. As soon as the temporary competitive exhibitions shall have ended, the Group Juries of Groups VII, VIII, and IX shall prepare a list, by name, of the ex- hibitors, collaborators, and workmen to whom the temporary committee may have awarded prizes in conformity to the preceding article; they shall then award to each prize-winner a diploma which shall mention the prizes and honorable men- tions obtained by him in the temporary competitive exhibitions diiring the whole Exposition. Art. 37. Rules for the prizes to be awarded to the prize-winnei-s of the competi- tive exhibition of reproductive animals shall be made separately and according ta special regulations. Examined and submitted. GEORGES BERGER, „ . , , Director-Oeneral of Manaqement. Examined and approved. TiBAED, President of the Council, etc., Commissioner-Oenerai. DISTRIBUTION OF INTERNATIONAL JURORS. Distribution by country and by classes of the foreign members of the international jury of awards. Countries. Group I. Works of Art. Group II. Education and Instruction: Apparatus and Processes used in the Liberal Arts. land 2. 3. 4. 6. Sbis. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 10 1 1 2 11. 6 12. 8 1 1 13. 9 14. 8 15. 7 16. France and Colonies . 86 2 4 2 4 4 2 2 1 1 2 1 1 1 14 10 5 19 1 12 10 9 14 6 Netherlands CTnited States of America 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 Sweden and Norway Belgium... 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 Spain "i Qri-at Britain and Colonies . . a 1 2 G-reece Italy 2 1 1 1 Finland Bussia 1 1 1 ' i 1 2 Switzerland Egypt 1 1 Japan 1 Brazil 1 1 Persia 3 Mexico 1 1 Total 59 22 13 7 23 18 12 13 23 16 10 12 15 10 14 Countries. Group in. Furniture and Accessories. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. 25. 26. 27. 28. 29. France and Colonies . 9 8 9 11 7 4 4 5 8 8 7 10 10 Netherlands United States of America 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 Great Britain and Colonies 1 2 1 1 Italy 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 Switzerland 1 1 1 1 1 1 Brazil 1 1 Servia 1 Fortngal i 1 1 Oh^na Persia 1 . 1 ^ ii IX 14 24 11 fi 5 10 12 13 9 11 17 1 95 96 ITNIVEESAL EXPOSITION OF 1889 AT PARIS. Distribution by country and by classes of the foreign members of the international jury of awards — Continued. Countries. aroup rv Textile Fabrics, Wearing Apparel and Ac- cessories. Group V. Extractive Arts, Raw and Manufactured Products. 30. 31. 32. 33. 34. 9 35. 9 36. 16 37. 9 1 1 1 1 38. 6 39 3 40. 6 41. 22 1 1 i 3 42. 8 i 43. 11 44. 9 1 1 "i' i' 2 i "i' 1 1 10 45 22 46. 4 47. 12 8 17 13 10 United States of America 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 i 1 1 Sweden and Norway ■i r 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 ' 1 Spain .... 1 3 "2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 3 1 1 1 2 1 1 "i' 1 1 Italy 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 "2 1 1 1 1 Switzerland J Japan 1 1 4 Brazil 1 8 2 1 1 1 1 9 "i' "i' I 2 1 1 2 ...|... Roumania 2 I Portugal 1 1 1 China 1 1 Persia 1' 29 "i' 26 20 i 30 Total 19 11 27 ~2& 15 14 16 "9" 4 ■7 53 38 6 Sll Countries. Group VI. Apparatus and Processes of Mechanical Industries. Electricity. 48. 49.* 50. 51. 52. 33.154. 55. 1 56. 5 57. 3 58. 6 59. 4 60. U 1 51. 62. 13 63. 22 3 64. 11 65. 13 66. 9 10 6 13 4 6 4 ~ Netherlands United States of America . . . 1 > 1 2 11. . .'.. 1 1 1 1 1 1 2' 2 '2 1 i' Belgium 2 1 1 ~ , 1 i 1 i Spain Great Britain and Colonies. . . 2 ..' 1 1 2 1 1 2 2 .... Italy Switzerland 1 .. 1 Brazil Central and South America. . 1 Roumania 1 Mexico 1 16 1.> 8 20 Total 8 6 6 4 9 6 16 S !2 31 •See Group vra. DISTEIBUTION OF INTEENATIONAL JUROKS. 97 Distribution by country and by classes of the foreign members of the international jury of awards — Continued. Countries. Group VII. Food Products. Group Tin. Agriculture: Cultivation of the Vine. Fish Culture. 67. 68. 69. TO. 71. 72. 73. 7Sbis. 73ter 49. 74. 75. 76, 77. France and Colonies 10 1 5 8 5 13 2 1 46 3 1 2 1 3 1 4 4 1 2 1 2 8 "]' 1 i 5 6 11 18 8 6 g United States of America 1 1 1 1 1 S 2 "i Belgium , . 1 1 1 Spain 1 1 1 1 2 1 Italy Finland 1 1 1 1 2 3 Switzerland EffTDt Brazil .. 1 7 2 "i 1 T Central South America 3 1 1 3 1 Fortueal 1 8 Mexico Total 80 5 14 13 35 84 10 6 14 20 9 6 Countries. Group IX. Horticulture. Social Econ- omy. Total each coun- try. 78. 6 79. 80. Kl. 82. 83. 7 4 6 .4 4 24 830 1 59 20 Austria-Hungary Beleium 1 8 69 9 23 58 8 23 8 ... Italy 8 1 26 EevDt 5 18 63 1 Servia 5 0hina 2 3 1 14 1 1 Total 7 ml 4 6 4 1 4 .orfeur, the panels painted by Boucher; Josephine's sleigh; a mosaic of Pompeii, show- ing a noble Roman's stable; the Lord Mayor's carriages; a model of HISTORY OF LABOR. 157 the Qreat Britain, ■which ran between Liverpool and New York in 1841; photographs of remarkable bridges, viaducts, etc., in France, England, and the United States; and among others that of the Brooklyn Bridge, of the Poughkeepsie Bridge, St. Louis Bridge, and several others ; and an old English railway ticket in bronze, 1832. As regards canals, and everything connected with them, and railways, including the road, the locomotives, and the cars, the En- glish exhibit was the most perfect, including specimens of the toothed rail and wheel, made at a time when their engineers assumed, with- out experiment, that the adhesion of the wheels to the rail, through the weight of the locomotive, would not be sufficient to move the train. SECTION V. MILITARY ARTS. The last Grand Division of the History of Labor is the Military Art's. Captain Lyle, U. S. Army, of the Ordnance Department and aid-de-camp to the Commissioner-General, will make a report upon this subject. We confine ourselves, therefore, to a few words upon its history. There has existed for some time at the Louvre a most complete exhibit of the navies of the world from the most remote times to the present, the best probably in Europe. It was not thought worth while to transfer this collection to the Champ de Mars, and one exhibit showed, therefore, the history of land forces only. It was divided into twelve chapters. In the first were portraits and pic- tures, commencing with the Gaul fighting in his chariot, and com- ing to the present day; arms, uniforms, etc., belonging to the distinguished generals of France, were exhibited. Then followed the history of arms and of uniforms. Chapter II showed the arms of the Middle Ages. Chapters III and IV were devoted to the history of infantry and cavalry, with a display of old battle-flags, dear to the patriotic Frenchman. Chapters V and VI were devoted to the scientific branches of the service, artillery, engineering, etc. Chapter VII to the geographical service. Chapter VIII to- mili- tary histories and treatises. Chapter IX to the Belgian Army. Chapter X to the armies of the East and the Far East. Chapter XI to the history of farriery, and Chapter XII to that of fencing. These subjects will be fully and completely treated by Captain Lyle. We propose, however, to say a few words upon farriery, as a subject of general interest, and not exclusively military. FARRIERY. The domestication of the horse antedates our era some five or six thousand years. He came from Central Asia, and entered Europe in the successive invasions of the barbarians. As long as he re- 158 UNIVERSAL EXPOSITION OF 1889 AT PAIUS. mained in Central Asia, lie needed no protection to his foot; but as soon as he began his long journeys to the westward, whether it was owing to longer marches, or to the change in the climate and soil, his hoofs began to give out. The ancient historians tell us of long delays in the march of armies, needed to allow the horses' hoofs to grow out, and Xenophon, Cato, Varro, and other commanding offi- cers, were compelled to issue general orders for the proper care of the horses' hoofs. The first horseshoe was of leather, and was intended for the cure rather than for the preservation of the hoof — a sort of boot-leg and shoe plaited in straw, and still in use in Japan. They were used by the Romans, and called hippo-sandals. As regards the iron horse- shoe fastened by nails, of the present day, some authors think that, though not known to the ancient Romans, it was known to the Ger- mans and Gauls; but the better authority puts this invention four or five centuries after the birth of our Saviour. These shoes cer- tainly existed as early as that date, for the writer has seen them in the Museum of Hombourg-les-Bains. They were dug up in the old Roman camp in the neighborhood of that town. This camp was taken and destroyed by the Germans about the date mentioned. It remained undisturbed for centuries, and it is not long since the an- tiquarians of Frankfort and the neighborhood began their researches in the ruins. They have been amply repaid by the discover}' of ar- ticles of bronze, of wood, and of iron, showing not only the Roman domestic life of that day, but also the entire arrangement of a large Roman camp intended to hold a garrison of half a legion, or five thousand men. Horseshoe nails, bits, and stirrups, all of our present forms, were also found there; the nails were shaped like a T. In the Middle Ages, when the "mail-clad knight was wholly depend- ent upon his horse, he was expected to know how to shoe him, and so highly considered was the art in those days that blacksmiths were dignitaries of the court. Solleysel says in 1664: We have seen kings who knew how to make a horseshoe, and there are few peo- ple of quality who cannot make nails, to use in case of necessity. In this exhibit were seen a mimber of "ice-shoes," calks. To a French inventor is due the idea of a socket which, without weaken- ing the shoe, permits a calk to be screwed into it. Among the exhibits were an American patent shoe, a number of hippo-sandals, and Gallo-Roman shoes; als5 a shoe withoiit nails, sewed on to the hoof with wire. We are indebted to the well-arranged and exhaustive catalogues of the "Histoire Retrospective du Travail" for most of the information contained in this article. WICKHAM HOFFJIAN. RETROSPECTIVE EXPOSITION OF LABOR AND ANTHROPOLOGY. GENERAL EEGULATIONS. Article 1. The Retrospective Exposition of Labor and of the Anthropological Sciences shall be international. The general regu- lations agreed upon by the Superior Commission on Organization appointed by Article 3 of the ministerial decree of October 12, 1887, and approved by the Minister of Commerce and Industry, shall be sent to all the departmental committees of France and to all the foreign national committees. Akt. 2. This Exposition shall be held in the grand nave of the Palace of Liberal Arts on the Champ de Mars. The administration undertakes the expense of the construction and decoration of the premises necessary for this Exposition. The administration may also undertake the expense of the instal- lation and transportation of certain articles loaned to the Exposition. Art. 3. The administration shall take all proper precautions to guard the articles exhibited against theft and accidents of all kinds ; but it cannot be held responsible under any circumstances. Art. 4. The contractor for the General Catalogue shall be required, in accordance with Article 3 of the Schedule of Charges, to publish a special descriptive catalogue of the Retrospective History of Labor and of the Anthropological Sciences. Art. 5. The articles conaposing the Retrospective" Exposition of Labor and of the Anthropological Sciences shall be divided into distinct groups corresponding to the five sections indicated by Article 1 of the ministerial decree of October 13, 1887, i. e. : Section 1. Anthropological and Ethnographical Sciences. Section II. Liberal Arts. Section III. Arts and Trades. Section IV. Transportation. Section V. Military Arts. Art. 6. Each committee appointed conformably to Article 3 of the ministerial decree of October 13, 1887, shall be charged with the organization of the section for which it was appointed conjointly ' with the Director-General of Management. 159 160 UNIVERSAL EXPOSITION OF 1889 AT PARIS. Art. 7. The Retrospective Exposition of Labor and of the Anthro- pological Sciences, especially in so far as Sections II, III, and IV are concerned, shall include the processes of intellectual labor at differ- ent eras of the world ; ancient apparatus of scientific research and of practical industry; professional or common apparatus, machines and means of transportations ; old mechanical instruments and old tools of trades, represented by the originals, by restored models, by plastic representations, sketched or photographed by designs taken from monuments, by sigillography, by numismatics, etc. Raw material and manufactured products, artistic or commercial, can be exhibited only as samples or as characteristic types, conjointly with the apparatus, machines, or tools which have been used for the collection, extraction, or preparation of the raw material, or for the technical execution of the manufactured article. Art. 8. The Retrospective Exposition of Labor should, as a gen- eral rule, contain only the apparatus, the machines, and the tools no longer in use, or which are only used in an improved form. Art. 9. No article exhibited shall be copied, drawn, or repro- duced under any form whatever, without the permission of the proprietor or of the exhibitor, approved by the Director- General of Management. Art. 10. The general programme of the Retrospective Exposition of Labor and of the Anthropological Sciences is briefly as follows : Section I. — Anthropology, Ethnography. 1. Anthropology. Specimens of comparative and embryogenic anatomy relative to man. Models of the brain, typical skulls and skeletons, or in place of them, casts. Prehistoric skulls, trepanned skulls, and prehistoric pathology. Casts of busts and typical faces (living). Instruments of physical and physiological research. Instruments for the measurement of skulls and of man. Maps of the distribution of races, or of the types of races. Pho- tographs of skulls and of ethnical types. Composite photography. 3. Ethnography. Raw material and specimens representing the different phases of the manufacture of primitive instruments. Cutting, polishing, boring, etc. , of stone. Work in bone, in horn, etc. Articles relating to the origin of the practice of the arts, of drawing, etc. Primitive ceramics. Views, plans, or reduced models of habitations, of funereal monu- ments of ancient times, etc. LABOR AKD ANTHEOPOLOGT. 161 Casting and working of metals, copper, bronze, iron. Specimens of molds and of articles in melted or wrouglit metal. Founders' stamps, etc. Derivation of glass, enamel, etc. Specimens for comparison bor- rowed from living savage tribes; means of obtaining fire, of work- ing in stone, in bone, in wood, in clay, etc. Metallurgy compared. 3. Archceology. Articles relating to the history of labor in antiquity; Egypt, As- syria, Phoenicia, Greece, the Roman Empire (especially Gaul), the Far East, the New World. Reduced models, plans, etc., of typical constructions — sculptures and paintings (originals or copies), reproducing the manual occupa- tions*; scientific apparatus and material of the industrial arts (as far as the reign of Charlemagne) ; specimens representing different phases of manufacture ; collections of typical manufactured products. Section II. — Liberal, Arts 1. Sciences. Astronomy, instruments, zodiacs, sun-dials, gnomons, water-clocks, astrolobes, armillaries, celestial globes, telescopes, quadrants, astro- nomical literature. Reconstruction of models of observatories, Chinese, Hindoo, Egyptian, of Ulugh-beg, of Uranenburg, first ob- servatory of Paris, second observatory of Paris. Geodosy. — Instruments and apparatus of geodesic stations. Meteorology. — Instruments and apparatus of meteorological sta- tions. Physics. — Instruments. Chemistry. — Instruments. Reconstruction of models. Alchem- ist's laboratory. Chemist's laboratory. Cabinet of physics, surgery, and physiology. Instruments. 2. Manuscripts Printing, books, newspapers, manuscripts. Tools employed, mate- rial employed, specimens of tablets, of papyrus, of parchments, etc. Printing. — Letters, presses. Books. — Specimens of paper, binding tools, specimens of books (printing, binding, and size and shape). Newspapers and hand-bills. — Specimens of newspapers and hand- bills, plain or illustrated; special presses for newspapers, reconstruc- tion of models, a printing office, a book-store of the sixteenth century. 3. Instruction. Specimens of articles and furniture used in teaching, according ta the age and country; reconstruction of models; classes and libraries. T1" T?,Y i.in 11 162 TJlflVEESAL EXPOSITION OF 1889 AT PAEIS. 4. Music and theatre. Music. — Instruments of music; musical works in relation to their execution; manuscripts; types of scores; partitions and orcliestral parts. Theatre. — The salle, views and plans; decoration, designs, machines, lighting, costume, masks; theatre hills, journals, programmes, tickets, collection of models. 5. Arts of design. Architecture. — Illustrated documents and models representing the different styles of building. Typical reproductions of architecture, according to styles and periods since Charlemagne. Painting. — Illustrated documents representing a painter's st.udio; types of the different models of painting; antique painting; mosaic; illumination of manuscripts; frescoes; painting in oil, in wax; artis- tic painting on glass and on metals, etc. Sculpture. — Illustrated documents representing workshops; speci- mens of artistic sculpture in stone, in marble, in parti-colored marble, in bronze, in other metals, wood, clay, etc. ; use of clay, wax, and plaster; specimens of artistic castings in sand and in wax. Artistic medals and precious stones. — A series of special tools for the different processes of stamping and of engraving; specimens of the results obtained with these tools. Engraving. — A series of plates and tools. Specimens of the re- sults obtained by the different processes. Lithography andcliromo-lithography. — Plates, tools, presses, speci- mens of the results obtained by the different processes. Section III. — Arts and Trades. 1. Arts and trades for the application of forces. NATURAL FORCES DIRECTLY APPLICABLE. (1) Man. — Primitive dynamic apparatus; hand tools. (2) Animals. — Machines for hoisting; horse-power, wheels. (3) Air. — Sails, windmills, tubes, bellows, pumps. (4) Water. — Reservoirs, water-scales, various hydraulic wheels, turbines, water columns. DIFFERENT TRANSFORMATIONS OF ENERGY. Apparatus to use directly or indirectly one of its forms. (1) Heat. — Different machines; fire, hot air, steam. (2) Lights. — Mirrors, lenses, daguerreotyping, photographing. (3) Electricity. — Piles, electric machines; ancient electrical appa- ratus. LABOR AND ANTHEOPOLOGT, 163 2. Aris and trades for the collection and extraction of raw material. SEARCH FOE RAW MATERIAL. (1) Hunting and fishing. — Material and tools; snares, traps, arms; auxiliary animals; methods of hunting and of fishing, both river and sea; preserves, fish-ponds, etc. Sponge fishing. Coral fishing. EXTRACTION AND PREPARATION OP MINERALS. (1) Search for minerals. — The magic ring, the compass, boring. (3) Extraction of -minerals and of mineral matter other than metals. — Gaseous, solid, and liquid products ; metals ; mineral mat- ter (salt, sulphur, petroleum); chemical products; ores used, ma- terial, tools, processes. COLLECTION AND PREPARATION OF RAW MATERIAL NOT MINERAL. Processes for the cultivation of the soil; horticulture, arboricult- ure, viticulture; picking and gathering the products of the soil; for- estry; tools and agricultural implements for the preparation of raw material. 3. Arts and trades for the working and transportation of raw material. ALIMENTARY MATERIALS. Preservation of food, milk, meat, fish; processes for the prepa- ration of agricultural products; manufacture of alimentary matter, of vegetable or animal origin. WOOD. (1) Building tvoods. — (a) Natural wood: Material and tools for the preparatory work in wood. (&) Painted wood: Coloring matter employed; material and tools. (3) Wood for furniture. — Natural woods, prepared woods: Ma- terial, tools, processes for artistic carpentry, sculpture in wood, cabinet making, veneering, toy-making, basket-making; manufact- ure of musical instruments. NATURAL AND ARTIFICIAL STONE, (1) Natural stone. Material, tools, processes for sawing, cutting, and carving selected stones; stone for ornament and for building. (2) Artificial stone. — (a) Unbaked stone: Material, tools, process for the manufacture of concrete, plaster and' cements. (&) Burned stone: Material, tools, and processes for the manufacture of lime and cements, (c) Stone variously prepared: Processes for harden- ing stone, stucco, etc. (d) Grouped stones; mosaics. 164 UNIVERSAL EXPOSITION OF 1889 AT PARIS. BAKED CLAYS, CERAMICS, AND GLASS. (1) Baked clays for trade. — Material, tools, processes for the man- ufacture of brick, paving brick, tiles, pipes. (2) Ceramics of different clays, stoneware, crockery, porcelain. — Material, tools, brick, paving brick and tile decorated or enameled; pottery of all kinds; table and toilette services, decorative pieces. (3) Glass and crystal. — Material and tools for manufacturing, decorating, cutting, and engraving; goblets, wine-glasses, spun- glass, pearls, imitations of precious stones, mirrors, chandeliers, win- dow-panes. (4) Enamel and enameling. — Material and tools for the manufact- ure of enamels engraved and cloisonnfe; enameled lava; enameled castings. (6) Mosaics in glass and enamel. — Material and tools for the man- ufacture of mosaics in glass and enamel. METALS. (1) Preliminary work. — Material and tools for raising, preparing, cleaning, drawing, piercing, and stamping. (2) Finishing. — Material and tools; (a) for work in fine metals; goldsmith's work in all metals; jewelry, real or imitation; (6) work in cast metals; cast-iron decorative or industrial, locks, sporting arms, brass work, tin, hardware, ornaments, cast or stamped for the dec- oration of buildings, bronzes for furniture. Machinery and tools for the manufacture of clocks and instruments of precision; clocks and watches. (3) Arts and trades akin to work in metals. — Trade moldings; plain castings, in wax, hollow; electro-plating; decoration of metals, engraving, flat, or repouss^, chiseling; enameling, damascening,, gilding, silvering, nickeling, tinning, TEXTILE MATERIALS. Wool, hemp, silk, cotton, jute, ramie, material and tools for comb- ing, stripping, etc., spinning, milling, twisting, weaving, bleaching and dressing, dyeing, printing, ropemaking. PAPER. Material and tools for the manufacture of coarse paper, fine paper,, decorated paper, illustrated paper, painted paper. ANIMAL SPOILS. Material and tools for the manufacture and utilization of skins, furs, horsehair, hair, feathers, horns, whalebone, bone, ivory, tor- toise-shell, catgut. LABOR AND ANTHROPOLOGY. 165 4. Arts and trades necessary to individual life and to life in communities. CLOTHING. Material and tools for the manufacture of costumes; linen gar- ments, shoes, gloves, hats; civil costume, military, ecclesiastical. Care of clothes; washing, scouring, ironing, blacking. Care and ornamentation of the person; hygiene, toilette, hair-dressing, etc. BUILDING. Tools and material; grading, masonry, scaffolding, roofing, car- pentry, locks, painting, and glazing ; temporary, portable, andl per- manent habitations. HEATING. Tools and materials, heating, buildings. LIGHTING. Lighting by independent or by distributing apparatus. PEBPABATIONS OF FOOD. Apparatus employed in the kitchen, furnaces, turn-spits, cooking utensils. INTERVENTION OF THE ART OF THE ENGINEER FOE THE SATISFACTION OF THE WANTS OF MAN LIVDTG IN COMMUNITIES. Ventilation of workshops, of habitations; feeding cities, reser- voirs, aqueducts; removal of refuse; canalization, sewers'; hygiene; posts and telegraphs. Section IV. — Transportation. 1. Transportation by land. The road. — All that represents the transformation of the way serv- ing for transportation, from the natural path to the perfected road, comprising consequently every species of road, as well as bridges, viaducts, tunnels, etc., from the beginning of the world. The carrier. — All that represents transportation by tnan, with or without machines; transportation by hand, or on the backs of man or of animals; transportation by vehicles drawn by man or animals. 2. Transportation by river or sea. Means employed to utilize navigable water courses; canals; mari- time ports. Lighting and buoying the coasts; boats employed on water-courses and at sea. 166 UNIVEESAL EXPOSITION OF 1889 AT PAEIS. 3. Transportation by railway. The road; signals and safety apparatus. Motors, rolling stock, accessory plant. 4. Transportation in the air. Balloons, cars, and rigging; processes of ballooning ; special in- struments. Section V. — Military arts. 1. Miscellaneous. Historical articles; articles having belonged to warriors or to his- toric personages ; divers arms, historical, artistic, or curious, prior to the eighteenth century; standards and flags prior to the eighteenth century; portraits of distinguished warriors. 2. Artillery. Articles of ornament and of equipment; reproduction of paintings, engravings, and designs of costumes, and of scenes relating to arms; reduced models of machines of war, of guns and carriages ; models of bridges, of boats, and of trestles; pictures and portraits. 3. Engineering. Models of the attack and defense of fortified places. Plans in relief; models of sapping and mining works; series of tools, pictures, and portraits; illustrated history of the uniform of this army. 4. Infantry. Illustrated history of the regiment, pictures representing the exploits of this corps ; history of uniforms by regiments; history of flags and colors; history of models of portable arms; history of articles of arms and equipment ; history of instruments of music; fencing, military school. 5. Cavalry. Illustrated history of this corps ; pictures of feats of arms ; equip- ment, trappings, iron work, arms, sabres, lances, cuirasses ; history of standards, carrousels, tournaments, equitation ; school of cavalry; gendarmery. 6. Administrative services of health, and of powder and saltpeter. Instruments for the manufacture of powder; commissary wagons and ambulances; series of uniforms of the commissariat and of the hospitals; surgery; portraits. LABOR AND ANTHROPOLOaY. 167 7. Staff. Portraits ; series of uniforms of general officers and of the staff ; series of apparatus of the military sciences ; castrametation, topog- raphy, plans, maps, works of strategy and of tactics ; general bibli- ography (the bibliography relating to each arm will be found in the section to which the arm belongs). The present regulations were adopted by the Superior Commission on the organization of the Retrospective Exposition of Labor and of the Anthropological Sciences, March 39, 1888. G. BERGER, Director- General of Management. Paris, March 30, 1888. THE RIGGS COLLECTION OF ANCIENT ARMOR. Paeis, 164 Boulevard Montpaenasse, January 13, 1890. My dear General: I take pleasure in acknowledging the receipt of your letter of the 31st ultimo, and in sending you a brief synopsis of the Riggs collection of arms and armor, with two collateral pub- lications that will enable you to convey some idea of its character and worth to the country, in your report on the late French Grand Exposition. This collection numbers between four thousand and five thousand pieces, consisting of complete suits of armor, and parts of armor of every kind, employed for the protection of man and horse in warfare and in other combats, from the beginning of the mediaeval period down to the end of the seventeenth century; also specimens of all sorts of weapons and of implements connected with military service during the same period. Its contents may be classified as follows : One hundred complete suits and half -suits of armor used in war, tournaments, carrousels, tiltings, and oflBcial parades, exhibiting every phase of elegant ornamentation peculiar to these objects in time and place. Fifty specimens of chain-mail, worn before the adoption of plate armor. Two complete panoplies for man and horse, one of which is dis- played on models duly caparisoned. Four brigandines, very rare. Sixty bucklers, many of them richly embossed and decorated in the highest style of mediseval and renaissance art. Two hundred helmets or casques, in every form, and of every style of ornamentation, from the Norman period down. Five hundred swords, of great variety of hilt and blade, serving every purpose, and of different epochs and countries. Twenty two-handed swords. A series of daggers. Seven series of gauntlets. Six hundred halberds and lances, belonging to every country and of every shape. A series of maces, hammers, and battle-axes. 169 170 UWrVEESAL EXPOSITION OF 1889 AT PABIS. A complete series of bits, stirrups, and spears. Two hundred specimen^ of fire-arms, including pistols, arquebuses, and other instruments for projectiles, from the fifteenth to the end of the seventeenth century, richly decorated and of various styles and designs. Banners, flags, and pennons. A large series of detached pieces of armor, embracing gauntlets, lancerondals, spauldrons or shoulder-pieces, leg armor, and other parts. This brief synopsis suggests the archaeological and technical im- portance of the collection; its artistic importance can be estimated only by actual examination of it. Apart from the value of the col- lection from this point of view, it contains several unique historical pieces of special interest, of which the following are the priacipal: A suit of armor, embossed and damascened, belonging to the famous Duke of Alva, conspicuous in the history of the Netherlands and of Spain, and which has been estimated by good authority as worth 100,000 francs. A suit of armor, said to have belonged to Henry IV of France, ornamented in large niello style, bearing the marks of manufacture for royalty, and portrayed in one of the well-known portraits of this monarch. A suit of armor, bearing the arms of Lorenzo de Medici, elabo- rately engraved and gilt. An equestrian figure in full panoply, representing the Grand Duke Colonna, Due de PoUiano et Jagliacozzo, grand constable of the kingdom of Naples in the sixteenth century. A Venetian suit of armor, belonging to Admiral Minella; others belonging respectively to Baron Preussing, Count de Freyberg, and to nobles of the time of Maximilian, in Germany, all remarkable for their decoration, and of corresponding value. Of the swords, one is said, through family tradition, to have been presented to the Constable Montmorency by Francis 1. It is a model of elegant renaissance art and is the work of Petit, a pupil of Ben- venuto Cellini. It has been valued at 50,000 francs. Another sword belongs to Leo X, and bears his name and title engraved on the blade. Another indicates its ownership by a member of the Ximenes family, and another as belonging to Malatesta, Lord of Rimini. Several other swords are known to have belonged to Henry II, Henry IV, and Louis XIII of France, and many more to kings of the Spanish dynasty. The collection contains a series of the swords of justice, used at executions, some of them bearing German inscrip- tions engraved on their blades, as for instance "Watch and be wary of one who will do you injury. " A series of rare Toledo rapiers must not be omitted, many of these having been made for kings of Spain, and illustrative of the tempering of these famous instruments. KIGGS COLLECTION". 171 Of the bucklers, several are of finest workmanship and design, including an example of the genius of the brothers Negroli, worked out in high relief, exquisite in artistic treatment, admirable in com- position, enriched with damascenery and gilding, which may be con- sidered priceless. One of the brigandines, a species of armor formed of steel scales attached to green velvet, with an inner lining of chain armor, be- longed to Amadeus VI, Count of Savoy, ancestor of Victor Emman- uel. The present King of Italy lately bought, it is said, a similar relic of the time for 14,000 francs, much inferior to this in condition. Among the gauntlets are pairs belonging respectively to Henry VIII of England and Philip II of Spain. In pistols and arms of this category there are pairs once belonging to Henry II of France; also arquebuses serving as models of ivory incrustation, of priceless value. Among the stirrups one pair bears the monogram of Diana de Poitiers. Other pieces of nearly equal importance are too numerous to mention. The catalogue of this col- lection still remains unfinished. Judging by what I have seen of it, projected on a large scale, it will take time to complete it, and when done it will form a volume of considerable size. I have to add that Mr. Riggs intends to present, along with his collection of arms and armor, a fine collection of stained glaSs con- taining many rare specimens. The value of the Riggs collection may be stated in round numbers at $1,000,000. Very truly, J. DURAND. General Wm. B. Franklin, Commissioner- General. Official Journal op the French Republic, December 11, 1889. [The room devoted to the collection ot Mr. Riggs.] ARMOR FOR MAN AND HORSE. — ARMOR OP THE DUKE OP ALVA. — LEG ARMOR OP THE FOURTEENTH CENTURY. —CASQUE OP THE VISCONTIS.— CASQUE (BOURGUIG- NOTTE) OF DUKE FERDINAND OP TYROL. — BUCKLER AND CASQUE OP THE ROSMINIS OP UDINA. — SWORD SAID TO HAVE BELONGED TO FRANCIS I. — RAPIER OP THE XIMENES. — PROBABLE DEPARTURE OF THE COLLECTION FOR THE UNITED STATES. The second room, devoted to ancient arms and arms of luxury, is that which contains the valuable collection of Mr. Eiggs. This amateur had already exhibited a collection of arms at the Palace of the Trocadero in 1878, which specially attracted the attention of visitors. A whole room, and one of the largest of the Palace of the Ministry of War, does not suffice to hold all the riches of this large collection. In fact, we have under our eyes only about three-fifths of the collection of Mr. Riggs. We shall not speak of the continued efforts it has cost this amateur to col- lect so great a number of rare arms and suits of armor, nor of the immense money value it represents; all the world understands this. But what one realizes less is 172 UNIVERSAL EXPOSITION OF 1889 AT PARIS. the trouble, the labor, which an exhibition of this kind involves, to have it properly- prepared by skilled workmen, to classify it, label it, etc. Hundreds of pieces re- quire unintermitted work for many months. Mr. Riggs is entitled, then, to the thanks of all who have visited his exhibit, and they are numerous. Among the many tasks which the installation of this room imposed, we have intentionally omitied to speak of the preparation of a catalogue. This is because, unfortunately, from circumstances beyond his contro , Mr. Riggs was unable to realize this desid- eratum. Therefore, in calling attention to some of the most interesting articles, we shall give a little more detailed description than we have done in the preceding room. "We begin our list with the armor, and we shall continue it with the casques, bucklers, etc. We shall call attention only to three or four of the rarer types of these series. In the middle of the room was a beautiful suit of armor, both of parade and service, for man and horse. ' This suit belonged to the Grand Duke Marie-Antoine de Colonna, Duke of Polliano and JagUaoozzo, Grand Constable of the Kingdom of Naples in the sixteenth century. It is engraved in arabesques of flowers and cartouches of Roman emperors, and bears on every piece the arms of the Colonnas, as well as the Grand Constable's ti-uncheon. The horse's armor consists of a hog- backed crupper, of a jomted breast-plate, of flank pieces, of a service saddle w^ith ornaments in colors of the Colonnas, stirrups of iron plated with copper and cov- ered with a lining of sole-leather, and a spiked chanfrin (head-piece) with its bar be of horsehair, and lastly of a bridle with a bit with long branches and reins covered with plates of chased steel. This valuable historic suit of armor is completed by an emblazoned shield. It was found by Pi-ince Soltikoff in the town hall of Botzen, in the Tyrol, and was formerly a part of the Am bras collection. In one of the central glags cases were placed the two foUowi"g suits of half- armor: (1) A suit of half-armor repousse, chased and damascened in gold and silver, having belonged to Alvarez de Toledo, Duke of Alva. Governor of the Low Countries. This suit of armor, the work of the celebrated artist Giulio Piccimino, and given to the Duke of Alva by Phflip II of Spain, was saved from the fire of the Chateau of Lemos. (2) An Italian suit of half -armor of the first half of the sixteenth century, chased and gilt all over in imitation of stuffs of that period. A portrait of Lorenzo de Medici in the Pitti Palace represents him wearing this armor. A large glass case contained other suits of half-armor ; one which is said to have belonged to Henry IV ; another repousse in white and black ground, ornamented with flowers and leaves (an engraving in the "Cabinet of Prints" represents Henry IV wearing this armor) ; two German suits of armor (called Gothic) of the fif- teenth century, in polished iron, ornamented with heavy flutings, partly open work (the helmet, with long neck-pieces, is forged m a single piece, and the gauntlets are furnished with points) ; a German service-suit of armor of the first half of the six- teenth century, of polished steel set in black, with two blazoned chanfrins, came from the Clmteau of Hohenaschan in Bavaria, and belonged to the Count of Frei- berg, commanding the Bavarian forces ; two suits of fluted half-armor of the time of MaximiUan I, bearing the stamp of the Nuremburg manufactory. A piece very interesting in an archsBological point of view, for it shows the transition from chain to plate armor, is a greave (leg-piece), probably Fi-ench, of tlie last yeai-s of the fourteenth century. The plates of the cuisses (thigh-pieces) ai-e fastened together by heavy maillcs (ironrinns). The poulaiiie (shoe) is fastened to the greave- by a tuniinj;- rivet, and its end can bo raised by a chain fastened to the knee-piece. Two lar}j;o wall glass cases of more than six metres in length (about six yards and a half) contained, on the shelves, one above the other, a whole series of casques arranged in chronological order. Other casques, and the most beautiful, were placed in the central glass cases. A spur casque (morion), gilt on botli sides, with EI&G8 COLLECTION. 173 the same subject richly repousse, gilt and damascened. An Italiatf casque of the sixteenth century, of heroic [shape, with indented crest; the sides are ornamented with fleurs-de-Us, from which spring boughs with branches in leaf, and in front the serpents of the Visconti. An Italian casque (bourguignotte) with high crest, of the sixteenth century ; the comb (peigne) is ornamented with medalUons of warriors resting, and sea-horses repousses, cut and embossed on a gilt ground; the umbril (modem visor) and neck-guard are decorated with chased fillets and gilt masks of the period, fine MUanese work. A German casque (bourguignotte) of the Grand Duke Ferdinand of Tyrol, afterwards Emperor of Germany, entirely covered with fillets chased in relief and gilt, bearing the initials of the Duke, and the crown and eagles of the Tyrol. The rest of this suit of armor is preserved at Vienna. In the celebrated Ambras collection, an Italian full-dress casque (bourguignotte) of the sixteenth century, ornamented with gilt chasings in imitation of the brocade of that period, and bearing a crest in form of gilt and repou se foliage; this piece formed part of a suit of armor belonging to the Medicis, who own the collection. A Spanish service casque [armet) of the sixteenth century, which belonged to the Duke of Alva, chased and gilt, and bearing crowns under which is a monogram spelling " Alvares de Toledo ;" it was found, in excavating, in one of the chateaux of the Duke of Alva. A knight's casque {armet) of the sixteenth century, French, with double visor, chased and gilt in flUets of trophies of arms, interspersed with dolphins. Here is a buckler called "rotella," in repousse iron, chased and embossed. The principal subject, in bas-relief of the purest style, represents St. George mounted, piercing the dragon with his lance; in the distance, on one side, the figure of a queen kneeling, and on the other, two warriors dressed in oriental costume; a land- scape and a view of a city in the background. All the figures, in bold relief and chiseled with the greatest care, are enriched with gUdiag, and are finely embossed, particularly in the draperies and accessories; the landscape and the buildings are en- riched with gold and silver, and are in part damascened. The outer edge, of great beauty, incloses in graceful curves trophies of arms and four medallions with allegorical figures. This superb buckler of Italian workmanship, by the brothers Negroh, armorers of the manufactory of Milan in the sixteenth century, comes from the family of Rosmini of Udine, whose arms it bears (0.60 cent, in di- ameter, about two feet). A casque called " Spur Morion," in repousse iron, chiseled and emibossed in the same style as the buckler above described, and from which it ought not to be separated, as it forms part of the same suit of armor, and resembles the buckler, not only in ornamentation, but in design, in subject, in workmanship, and in origin. The two subjects which decorate them are the same; that is to say, St. George in different attitudes slaying the dragon, a subject repeated again in the charming plume-holder. Below we find the stamp of the brothers Negroli, a skull and two cross-bones. A German round buckler of the sixteenth century, ornamented in the center with the head of a lion repousse, chased and gUt, on a dark dotted background. The outer edge is also chased and gilt in arabesques. An Italian buckler of the sixteenth century in repousse iron, chased and bearing traces of gilding and damascening. The principal subject is Mucins Scsevola before Porsenna, surrounded by numerous persons of importance. The outer edge is repousse with a frieze of scrolls, showing dragons and allegorical figures. An Italian buckler called "rotella" of the six- teenth century, in polished iron, and entirely repousse in bold relief, divided into sections, ornamented with chimeras, trophies of arms, and crowns. The umbo [centre], having a spike chased with leaves, is surrounded by branches and masks, with emblazoned escutcheon— a masterpiece of repousse work. An Italian buckler of the sixteenth century called " rotella," all repousse, divided into sections, framed by leafy scrolls, joined together by gilt ribbons. In the centre the figure of Min- 174 UNIVERSAL EXPOSITION OF 1889 AT PAEIS. erva seated and holding Victory is surrounded by trophies of arms, the whole finely embossed. Four medallions of warriors and busts of women, also embossed, com- plete the ornamentation in the most perfect taste. Let us pass to the swords. The specimens of the sixteenth and seventeenth cen- turies, in all the collections that we have seen, are so well conceived and so elegant that they charm the eye and make one wish to wield them. The specimens which follow are of the first rank. Dress sword said to have belonged to Francis I. Its pommel pear-shaped, flattened, incloses in a chased frame a pomegranate with gilt seeds, with side pendants of fruit in open work. The upper part is cut in medal- lions of warriors, after the antique, on a ground plated with gold, and the neck of the pommel is ornamented v^ith homed masks chiseled in bas-relief on a gilt ground. The handle, joined to the pommel by acanthus leaves, falls on the sheath in lobes, with pendants of silver tears. The bars astride, chased in acanthus leaves, and in lobated grooves, sprinkled with gold beads and silver flowerets, have only one pas d'dne (guard), terminating in a fool's head, with bolts on the chin, and capped with a gilt circle and a diadem; the cross-bar of the guard is termmated by armless busts of warriors, after the antique, wearing heroic casques. The parade cross-bar ter- minates in a woman's body, wearing a diadem, and bearing in her arms two chased and gilt bucklers. The guard is connected with the shoulder by masks in bas- relief, cut in the solid, and terminated by fleurs-de-lis in gold. The large two-edged blade, with short shoulder, bears the inscription " Petit fecit " [Petit manufacturedj. A tradition of the Montmorencys, from whom comes this splendid weapon, relates that it was given by Francis I to Anne of Montmorency, Grand Constable of France. An armorer of the name of Petit, attached to the royal saddlery of the King, and a pupil of Benvenuto CeUini, afterwards became armorer of Charles V and of Philip II of Spain. The masterly composition of this weapon is essentially French, and the masks alone seem to indicate the Italian influence of the school of CeUini. A German sword of the end of the fifteenth century, the blade slightly grooved, and bearing the following inscriptions, engraved on a black ground in old Gterman text; they may be translated as follows: "Look well and watch; look out for him who would injure you. Want of faith is in fashion. Takecare, avoid me; if I strike you I cut you in pieces. " We see on the shoulder, finely chiseled, the face of the Virgin and that of Saint Theresa. The guard, twisted into an S, bears the inscription, " A new saint called ' Brigand, ' to whom all the world pays homage. " The handle, of smooth wood, is terminated by a pommel in chiseled iron. Long sword, beginning of the sixteenth century, of Pope Leo X, all of blued iroij. The flat blade, slightly grooved, bears, chased on a gold ground, the inscription: ' ' Leo X, Pont. Max, III," and the arms of the Medici, surmounted by a tiara; then on the shoulder, on one side, St. Peter, and on the other St. Paul. The ends of the cross-bars, the ring of the guard, and the top of the pommel of a quadrangular shape, are also chased and gilt. An historic sword of great value. A Spanish basket-hilt rapier of the sixteenth centuiy. This beautiful blade, 35 metres long (about four feet, five inches) gi-ooved in its whole length and open- worked, beiirs the name of the famous armorer of Toledo, Francisco Ruiz; the basket-hilt of reversed carving, and the roundel (interior plate) are in fine open work, and chased with.flowers and foliage interla ed; the guard, the handle, and the pommel are also in chased steel, the whole having preserved its original poUsh. This beautiful sword is accompanied by its dagger, called " Left Hand, " of similar workmanship, and having a blade cut in projecting ribs and in open-work grooves. All the parts of these two pieces bear a heraldic animal, wliich appears to be a wolf, the arms of the Ximenes, whose archives state that these admirable weapons were a gift of the King of Spain. An Italian two-handed sword, called "Espadon," beginning of the fifteenth century, with a long blade, grooved on the shoulder, and bearing the emblem of the EIGGS COLLECTION. 175 wolf; the guard of long, straight cross-bars, with bossed ends, is completed by two sub-guards supported on the ridge of the blade; the pommel is in flattened pear shape; the handle of hardened leather, stamped in flowers and foliage, bears the three coats-of-arms of the Malatesta, Lords of Rimini. A sword remarkably well preserved, and procured from the descendants of the family. A very large two-handed German sword of the sixteenth century; the guard bent back, and terminated by eagles' heads, is chiseled and gilt on a blue ground, as well as the pommel. The handle, covered with velvet and leather, has preserved its yellow and black trimmings. The blade, the shoulder of which is trimmed with leather, bears, chased and giltona black background, the eagle and imperial crown of Austria. We close here our visit to the collection of Mr. Riggs. Many other objects of art might be cited, — superb wheel-pistols of the sixteenth century; arquebuses, with stocks all inlaid v,'ith ivory; powder-flasks, halberds, partisans, etc. We have not wished to, and we could not, give more than an idea of this admi- rable collection. Why must all these beautiful arms, borne by so many valiant soldiers, leave us forever? Mr. Riggs, who is of American nationality, intends to present this beautiful collection to his fatherland. Negotiations are in progress for preparing for these arms a home worthy of them at Washington. This is, there- fore, one- of the last, perhaps the last time, that our amateurs will have the oppor- tunity to admire at Paris all these souvenirs of a glorious past. APPENDICES . TO THE REPORT OF THE COMMISSIONER-GENERAL. 177 H. Ex. 410 13 APPENDIX A. DECREE OF THE PRESIDENT OF THE FRENCH REPUBLIC. DECREE OPENINa THE UNIVERSAL EXPOSITION OF 1889 AT PARIS. The President of the Republic, on the report of the Minister of Commerce, decrees: Abticle 1. A Universal Exposition of the Products of Industry shall be opened in Paris May 5, 1889, and closed October 31 following. Akt. 3. A later decree will determine the conditions under which the Universal Exposition shall be held, the rules to which the articles admitted shall be subjected, and the different kinds of products which may be admitted. Art. 3. The Minister of Commerce is charged with the execution of this decree. Jules Ge£vy, President of the Republic. Done at Paris, November 8, 1884. Matjeicb Rouviee, Minister of Commerce. AGREEMENT WITH THE SOCIETY OF GUARANTEE. Between the undersigned, — 1. The Minister of Commerce, etc., for and on account of the State, of the first part ; 3. The Prefect of the Seine, in the name of the city of Paris, of the second part ; 3. M. Albert Christophle, for and on accoimt of the Society of Guarantee to be formed for the Universal Exposition of 1889, of the third part,— The following has been agreed upon : Aeticle 1. The expenses of all kinds on account of the Universal Exposition, etc., are limited to the sum of forty million francs. A further sum of three million francs shall be set apart to be used for unforeseen works, or for modifications of plans in course of execution. Akt. 3. To meet these expenses, (a) The Minister of Commerce, in the name of the State, agrees to contribute sev- enteen million francs. (6) The Prefect of the Seine, in the name of the city of Paris, agrees to contribute eight million francs. (c) To provide the amount constituting the difference between the contributions of the State and the city of Paris, i. e., twenty-five million francs, and the forty- three mlUion required for the works and expenses of the Exposition, the founders of the Society of Guarantee agree to provide under the conditions hereinafter set forth a sum which can, under no circumstances, and whatever may be the final total of expenses, exceed eighteen million francs. 179 180 tlNIVERSAX EXPOSITION OF 1889 AT PAEIS. Art. 3. The contributions of the State and city of Paris shall be first employed to meet the expenses o£ the Exposition, and no call shall be made upon the Society of Guarantee until these contributions are exhausted. ******* Art. 5. In case the receipts of the Exposition, added to the subvention of twenty., five million to be furnished by the State and city of Paris, should exceed the amount of expenses of all kinds of the said Exposition, this excess shall be consid- ered as profits, and divided between the State, the city of Paris, and the Society of Guarantee, in the proportion of their respective contributions. Art. 6. In case, in consequence of extraordinary circumstances, the expenses of all kinds which the Exposition of 1889 may entail, shall exceed forty-three million francs, the excess shall be paid by the State, which, to compensate itself, shall have the benefit of all receipts exceeding eighteen million francs, before any payments can be made to the city of Paris or to the Society of Guarantee, and this until the said excess of expense has been paid. Art. 7. The direction and superintendence of the Universal Exposition of 1889 belongs to the State. A Commission of Control and Finance, composed of members representing the State, the city of Paris, and the Society of Guarantee, in proportion to their re. spective contributions, shall be appointed. The members of this Commission shall be nanied by decrees of the President of the Republic, inserted in the Official Journal. The Minister of Commerce, etc., shall preside. This Commission shall administer and control the Society of Guarantee. It shall be consulted by the Minister of Commerce, etc., on all questions bearing on the financial management of the Exposition. Nothing shall be done without its assent in any matter relating to revenue of any kind to be collected on account of the Ex- position. Art. 8. No free tickets shall be issued, except those strictly personal, distributed among the exhibitors and employes. In case during the Exposition free tickets should be issued, these tickets shall, as regards the Society of Guarantee, be considered as paying tickets, and be credited to the Society as such. The Government expressly reserves to itself the right to decide if rent shall or shall not be paid by exhibitors for the space allotted to them. The price of entrance must not exceed that of the expositions of 186T and 1878. Art. 9. This agreement shall not be considered in force as regards the State or the city of Paris, until it has received legislative sanction, nor as regards the Society of Guarantee vintil the capital of eighteen miUions has been fully subscribed. Done in triplicate at Paris, March 27, 1886. The above text examined and approved March 29, 1886. Edotjard Lockroy. poubelie. Albert Christophle. LAW OF JULY 6, 1886. Article 1. The agreement made between the Minister of Commerce and Industry representing the State, the prefect of the Seine representing the city of Paris, au- thorized by a vote of the municipal council March 31 , 1886, and the governor of the Credit Foncier acting for account of the Society of Guarantee to be formed for the Universal Exposition of 1889, is approved. No expense can be incurred beyond the stmi of forty-three millions (francs) as provided by Article 1 of the said agreement, unless it has been previously authorized by special law. REPORT OF COMMISSIONER-GENERAL APPENDIX A. 181 The rent which may be charged to exhibitors on account of space allotted them must not enter into the calculation of the receipts referred to in Article 5 of the agreement, except so far as may be necessary to make up a total of eighteen million francs. Art. 3. The State shall contribute to the expenses of the Exposition of 1889 by a grant of seventeen million francs. ******* In case the expenses shall not reach the sum of forty-three millions referred to hi Article 1 of the Agreement, the amount saved shall be credited to the State alone. ******* Art. 5. The receipts and expenses of the Exposition shall be managed by agents of the Treasury, and submitted to the control of the Board of Audit (Cour des Comptes.) The subvention granted by the City of Paris, as well as the receipts coming from the management of the Exposition, shall be turned into the Treasury. * * * Art. 6. Proposals of every kind in reference to the construction, the fitting up, and the working of the Exposition, shall, before their execution, be submitted for the approval of the Minister of Commerce, etc. Art. 7. A detailed account of the receipts and expenditures of the Exposition shall be presented to the President of the Republic in a report, which shall be pub- lished, and distributed to the Senate and Chamber of Deputies. Every year a report, published under the same conditions, shall make known the progress of the works, and the expenses incurred and paid. APPENDIX B. FRENCH LAWS AND REGULATIONS. PARIS INTERNATIONAL EXHIBITION, 1889. Aeticle 1. The convention concluded by the Minister of Commerce and Indus- try representing the state, the prefect of the Seine, representing the city of Paris, authorized by the decision of the municipal council of March 31, 1886, and the gov- ernor of the Credit Foncier, acting for the Guarantee Association, which is to be established for the World's Exliibition of 1889, is hereby approved. No expense shall be incurred beyond the amount of 43,000,000 francs, for w^hich provision is made by Article 1 of this convention, unless provision shaU previously have been made therefor by a special law. Such proceeds as may accrue from payments required of exhibitors for the space assigned to them shall not enter into the computation of the receipts provided for by Article 5 of the convention, beyond the amount necessary to make the total re- ceipts 18,000,000 francs. Art. 2. The state shall contribute to the expenses of the Exhibition of 1889 by an appropriation of 17,000,000 francs. The appropriation shall be charged (to the amount of 13,693,635 francs) to the loan of 80,000,000 francs made to the state by the Bank of France, in pursuance of the convention of March 39, 1878, approved by act of the 30th of June following. In case the e;8:penses shall amount to less than the sum of 43,000,000 francs, which is provided for by Article 1 of the convention, the saving effected shall inure to the benefit of the state alone. AUT. 3. The sum of 12,693,635 francs shall be allowed by way of an extraordi- nary appropriation, to the Minister of Commerce and Manufactures, on the fiscal year 1886, over and above the allowances made by the financial act of August 8, 1885. This allowance shall form a special chapter entitled "No. 43. Amount con- tributed by the State to the Expenses of the Exhibition of 1889." This extraordinary appropriation shall be paid from the source mentioned in the foregoing article. Art. 4. The appropriations necessary for the expenses of the- years 1887, 1888, 1889, and the following, shall be made, within the limits of the allowance above fixed, by the annual appropriation laws. Nevertheless, during the recess of the chambers, in pursuance of Article 5 of the act of December 14, 1879, such appropriations may be made by decrees approved by the council of ministers. These decrees shall be submitted to the chambers for their sanction within the first fortnight after their next meeting. Art. 5. All moneys for the Exhibition shall be received and expended by the officers of the treasury, and shall be submitted to the court of accounts for inspection. 183 184 UNIVERSAL EXPOSITION OF 1889 AT PARIS. The subsidy allowed by the city of Paris, together with all receipts accruing from the World's Exhibition of 1889, shall be paid into the treasury as funds for public expenses, according to Article 13 of the act of June 6, 1843. Art. 6. Plans of all kinds relative to the construction, arrangement, and manage- ment of the Exhibition of 1889 shall, before being put into execution, be submitted to the Minister of Commerce and Manufactures for his approval. Aet. 7. A detailed statement of the receipts and expenditures of the "World's Ex- hibition of 1889 shall be presented to the President of the Republic in a report which shall be published and distributed among the senators and members of the Chamber of Deputies. A report published in the same way shall annually make known the state of advancement of the work, and shall fm-nish a statement of the expenses incurred. Art. 8. The instruments designated in Article 1, paragraph 9, of the act of February 38, 1873, and approved by the Miaister of Commerce and Manufactures, in pursuance of this act, shall be subjected to a fixed duty of 3 francs. This act having been adopted by the Senate and Chamber of Deputies, shall be executed as a law of the state. MINISTERIAL ORDER OF AUGUST 26, 1886. General Regulations. Article 1. In pursuance of the decrees issued by the President of the French Republic, at the suggestion of the Minister of Commerce and Manufactures, and of the Minister of Public Instruction, Fine Arts, and Worship, an International World's Exhibition shall be opened at Paris on the 5th day of May, 1889, and shall be closed on the 31st of October following. No production shall, however, be admitted in the Exhibition after April 1, 1889. Art. 3. This Exhibition shall receive works of art and productions of the industry and agriculture of all nations. It shall be held principally in the Champ de Mars, in the unoccupied space between Lamotte-Piquet avenue and the square situated near the quay. It may extend — (1) On the left bank of the Seine, over the causeway and the steeps of the quay, in the parts comprised between the Champ de Mars and the Esplanade d&s In- valides, and over the Esplanade des Invalides. (3) On the right bank of the Seine, in the Ti-ocadero Park and tlie available parts of the Trocadero Palace, in the Palace of Industry, and on the grounds situated between that palace and the Seine. Art. 3. General Organization. An advisory commission, consisting of 300 members, and styled the " Grand Council of the World's Exhibition of 1889," shall be appointed under the presidency of the Minister of Commerce and Manufactures, who shall likewise be the Commissioner-General of the Exliibition. Art. 4. The grand council shaU be convoked and presided over by the minister, who shall fix the order of its daily proceedings. Art. 5. It shall be subdivided into twenty-two advisory committees, to wit: Tlie committee on superintendence and finance, on contested claims, buildings, festivals and ceremonies, transportation, the fine arts, agriculture, colonies and countries under protectorate, military and maritime exhibitions, education, the liberal arts, hygiene, the third group (furniture, etc.), the fourth group (textile fabrics, wearuig- apparel, etc.), the fifth group (exti-active, raw, and manufactured productions), the sixth group (mechanical instruments and processes in mechanical indus- try), the seventh group (articles of food), electricity, the press, musical and the- atrical pieces, oongi-esses and conferences, the retrospective exhibition of work. EEPORT OF COMMISSIONER-GENERAL APPENDIX B. 185 Abt. 6. The Advisory Committee on Superintendence and Finance, wliich is to be appointed by a decree of the President of the Republic, shall l?e presided over by the Minister, or, in his absence, by one of the three vice-presidents, each in his turn. It shall be convoked by the Minister, vcho shall fix the order of its daily pro- ceedings. Art. 7. This commission shall be consulted by the Minister on all questions hav- ing reference to the financial management of the Exhibition. Its advice shall be acted upon in all cases in which questions are concerned relating to receipts of all , kinds to be collected on the occasion of the Exhibition. Art. 8. The other committees may subsequently be completed by the addition of new members, to be appointed by ministerial orders. Their chairmen shall be appointed by the Minister. Their vice-chairmen and secretaries shall be designated by the committees them- selves, subject to the approval of the Minister. They may be subdivided into sub-committees, with the approval of the Minister, who shall designate the new chairmen. Art. 9. The Minister shall lay suitable matters directly before the committee and sub-committees. Art. 10. The Directors-General, who are to be appointed in the manner provided by the decree of July 38, 1886, shall be charged, each in that which concerns him, with the preparation and submission to the Minister, Commissioner-General, of the plans relative to the construction, arrangement, and management of the Exhibition. They shall be admitted to all sessions of the Committee on Superintendence and Finance, and to the sessions of committees having charge of matters connected with their respective branches. They shall at these sessions have the right of dis- cussion, but not that of voting. Admission and Classification of Productions. Art. 11. A departmental committee, appointed by the Minister of Commerce and Manufactures, shall be instituted in each department of the French Republic. The duties of this commission shall be— (1) To make known throughout the department the regulations concerning the organization of the Exhibition, and to distribute the blank forms of applications for admission, together with all other documents relating to the Exhibition. (3) To furnish, with as little delay as possible, the names of the principal artists, agriculturists, and manufacturers whose admission to the "World's Exhibition shall seem particularly calculated to promote the success of that enterprise. (3) To promote the exhibitions of industrial, agricultural, and horticultural pro- ductions of the department. (4) To promote and organize, if deemed desirable, the collective grouping of sim- ilar productions of tlie department, and to accredit a delegate, whose duty it shall be to represent each collective exhibition. (5) To prepare, if this shall be thought desirable, by way of subscription or other- wise, the establishment of a special fund, designed to facilitate the examination and study of the World's Exhibition by a certain number of master-workmen, workmen, and cultivators of the department. AlRT. 13, Foreign commissions appointed at the request of the French Govern- ment are urged to send their delegates with as little delay as possible. The duty of each delegate shall be to discuss such questions as may interest his countrymen, and especially such as relate to the distribution of the entire space among the different countries, and to the method of installation of each national section. Consequently, the Minister, Commissioner-General, will not correspond 18*6 UNIVERSAL EXPOSITION OF 1889 AT PARIS. directly with foreign exhibitors, and all productions presented by foreign producers shall be admitted oWy through the agency of their respective commissioners. Art. 13. The departmental committees appointed by the Minister and tlie foreign cdnunissioners regularly accredited to him shall enter into direct relations with the Director-General of management. The foreign commissioners shall receive from him all suggestions and plans with regard to the most advantageous installation of the productions of their nations, together with all information concerning the conditions of general circulation and of public order to which they shall be ohliged to conform. They shall have recourse to him for all changes of space from country to country. Art. 14. In each section devoted to the productions of the same nation, the arti- cles exhibited shall be divided among the nine groups following: First Group: Works of Art (Class 1 to 5). Second Group: Education, Instruction, Materials and Processes used in the Liberal Arts (Class 6 to 16). Third Group: Furniture, etc. (Class 17 to 29). Fourth Group: Textile Fabrics, Wearing Apparel, etc. (Class 30 to 40). Fifth Group: Extractive Arts, Raw and Manufactured Products (Class 41 to 47). Sixth Group: Apparatus and Processes used in Mechanicallndustry — Elec- tricity (Class 48 to 66). Seventh Group: Food Products (Class 67 to 78). Eighth Group: Agriculture, Vine Culture, and Pisciculture (Class T4 to 77). Ninth Group: Horticulture (Class 78 to 83). Each of these groups shall be divided into classes, according to the system of general classification appended to these regulations (Annex No. 1). That document shall comprise for each class a compendious enumeration of the articles which it is to include. • Art. 15. A methodical and complete catalogue of the productions of all nations shall be prepared in the French language. This catalogue shall state the places to be occupied by said productions in the halls, the parks, or the gardens, together with the names of the exhibitors. Each nation shall, moreover, have the right to prepare, at its own expense, but only in its own language, a special catalogue of the productions exhibited in its section. Art. 16. Neither French nor foreign exhibitors shall be obliged to pay any rent for the space occupied by them in the Exhibition. They shall defray all the expenses of installation and decoration in the halls, parks, or gardens. These expenses shall in the main comprise the furnishing and put- ting in place of the flooi's, and the canvas coverings or ceilings in the halls, and also of the special earth-works and trees or plants set out in the parks or gardens in the vicinity of and within the limits of the special buildings authorized by tlie Minister, Commissioner-General. The floors shall be constructed in good condition for use in all the interior pas- sages through which the public is to pass. Art. 17. No work of art, and no article exhibited in the halls, parks, or gardens shall be drawn, copied, or reproduced in any manner whatever, without an author- ization from the exhibitor, bearing the visa of the Director-General of management. The Director-General of managen\entmay, however, authorize the reproduction of views of sundry articles together. Art. 18. No work of art and no article exhibited can be withdrawn before the close of the Exhibition, without special authorization. Art. 19. Within the time allowed, and on the terms provided by the act of Slay 33, 1868, relative to the guaranty of inventions susceptible of being patented, and EEPOET OF COMMISSIONER-GENERAL — APPENDIX B. 187 of designs for manufactured articles, exhibitors shall enjoy the rights and immuni- ties granted by the aforesaid act. (Annex No. 3.) Art. 30. In pursuance of the decree issued on the 35th of August, 1886 (Annex No. 3), the Exhibition is to be, in fact, a bonded warehouse; consequently articles exhibited are to be exempted from the payment of city dues and from search by the municipal authorities of Paris, and also from the payment of duties at the French custom-house and from search there. Art. 31. Subsequent regulations shall in due time determine the methods of shipment, of reception, and of installation of the productions, the method of ad- mission to the premises of the Exhibition, and the formation of the international jury on premiums, whose duties shall begin as soon as the Exhibition is opened. Special Provisions Relative to Works of Art. Art. 33. The works of French and foreign artists executed since May 1, 1878, shall be admitted to the Exhibition. Art. 33. Such works shall comprise the seven kinds below mentioned: (1) Paintings. (3) Drawings: Water-colors, pastels, miniatures, enamel, porcelain, and cartoons, not including those which represent subjects of ornamentation only. (3) Sculpture. (4) Engravings on metals and precious stones. (5) Architecture. (6) Engraving. (7) Lithography. Art. 34. The following shall be excluded: (1) Copies, even such as reproduce a work in a style different from that of the original. (3) Unframed paintings or drawings. (3) Sculptures in unbaked clay. Art. 35. It shall be the duty of a special jury to decide concerning the admission of works of art. Art. 36. The requirements to be fulfilled for applications for admission shall be fixed by subsequent regulations. Another regulation shall also indicate the method of shipment and of reception of works of art. Art. 27. Decision shall be given hereafter with regard to the number and nature of the premiums to be awarded, and also concerning the appointment of an inter- national jury for the award of premiums. Special Provisions Relating to Industrial and Agricultural Products. Art. 38. AU manufactured and agricultural productions shall be admissible to the Exhibition, with the exceptions and reservations mentioned in the following article: Art. 39. Detonating and fulminating articles and, in general, all matters re- garded as dangerous, shall be excluded. Spirits or alcohols, oils and essences, corrosive substances, and in general any articles that may injure other productions with which they may come in contact, or that may incommode the public, shall not be received otherwise than in solid vessels suitable for containing them, and of small dimensions. Percussion caps, fireworks, chemical matches, and other similar objects shall not be received. Imitations thereof may, however, be received, provided that they contain no infiammable matter. Art. 30. Exhibitors of injurious productions or those caloilated to impair the health of human beings must, at aU times, conform to such precautionary meas- ures as may be prescribed. 188 XJNIVEESAL EXPOSITION OF 1889 AT PARIS. Art. 31. The Director-General of management may at all times cause the re- moval of all articles, no matter what may be their origin, which, owing to their nature and their appearance, may appear to be objectionable or iacompatible with the object or the decorum of the Exhibition. Art. 32. French applications for admission must be drawn up according to the form appended to these regulations. (Annex No. 4.) Applications from Paris and the department of the Seine are to be sent directly to the Minister of Commerce and Manufactm-es, Commissioner-General, No. 35 Quai d'Orsay, Paris, or to the Director-General of management, No. 80 Eue de Varenne. Those from the departments are to be received by the departmental .committees, who will forward them to the same addresses. All applications of French citizens, thus centralized, shall be submitted by classes to the examination of committees on admission, appointed by the Minister, and from whose decisions there shall be no appeal. It is essential that all applications be lianded in as speedily as possible. The printed blank forms of appUcations for admission shall be furnished to the public gratuitously, at the following places: (1) At Paris: At the Ministry of Commerce and Manufactures, No. 25 Quai d'Orsay and No. 344 Boulevard Saint Germaine; at the buildings of the Manage- ment of the Exhibition (Avenue de la Bourdonnais and Rue de Varenne, No. 80): at the Tribunal, and at the Chamber of Commerce. (2) In the departments: At the prefectures, subprefectures, chambers of com- merce, tribunals of commerce, advisory chambers of arts and manufactures, and at the locations of the departmental committees, as well as at such places of distribu- tion as may be designated by the said committees. Art. 33. Constructors of apparatus requiring the use of water, gas, or steam must state, either at the time of making their application for admission or thi'ough the foreign delegates, the quantity of water, gas, or steam that they requu-e. Those desiring to set machinery in motion shall state the exact velocity of such machinery and the motive power which it will require. Art. 34. Water, gas, steam, and motive power for the machinery galleries shall be furnished gratuitously. The power shall be taken from the vehicle of general tiansmission. The establishment of all intermediate transmissions shall be at the cost of exliib- itors. Provisions Eelatire to Management. Art. 35. Articles shall be exhibited in the name of the signer of the application for admission. Fj-om this requirement there shall be no deviation. Art. 86. Exhibitors are authorized to enter, after their own names or the names of their firms, the names of such co-operators of all kinds and all grades as have contributed to the utility of the articles exhibited. Art. 37. Exhibitors are expressly requested to state the market price of the articles exhibited, both for the purpose of facilitating the labor of the jury and of edifying visitors. Art. 88. Articles sold shall not be removed before the close of the Exhibition, unless by special authorization. Art. 89. The state shall take measures to protect articles exhibited from all injury, but it will in nowise be responsible for any accidents, or for flre, or for any damage that they may suffer, be the cause thereof what it may. Exhibitors shall be at liberty to insure their goods directly, at their own expense, if they shall think proper to do so. Art. 40. A general surveillance shall be established in order to protect goods from theft and embezzlement. EEPOET OF COMMISSIOJSTEE-GENERAL APPENDIX B. 189 FcJreign commissions shall have full control as regards the custody of their respect- ive sections. The Officers designated by them for the performance of this duty shall be commissioned by the Commissioner-General. They shall wear a uniform or a distinctive badge ; they may, under all circumstances, apply for assistance to the French officers and policemen who shall walk through the passages open to the public, or who shall be stationed there. In the French section, the exhibitare of each class shall make arrangements for the organization of a collective system of guardianship, independent of the general surveillance. The special officers of this class shall be commissioned by the Minister, Commissiouer-Ceneral ; they shall wear badges indicating the number of the class whose rooms they are to watch. Art. 41. It is expressly understood that the state disclaims all responsibility for any thefts and embezzlements that may be committed. Art. 43. No article shaU be advertised by means of hand-bills, prospectuses, etc. , within the Exhibition, by exhibitors, holders of concessions, or any other person, without regular authorization and prepayment of such fees as may be required. Art. 43. All communications relative to the Exhibition must be addressed to the Minister of Commerce and Manufactures, Commissioner-General, No. 35 Quai d'Orsay, Paris, and must bear on the envelope the words " World's Exhibition of 1889." (Exposition Universelle de 1889.) Art. 44. Both French citizens and foi'eigners, by becoming exhibitors, declare by that very fact that they adhere to the provisions contained in Articles 11-48 of these regulations. EBOUARD LOCKROY, Minister of Commerce and Manufactures, Commissioner-General. Paris, August 36, 1886. PROTECTION OF INVENTIONS. Law of May 23, 1868, relating to the guaranty of inventions capable of being patented and of industrial designs, which shall be admitted to public expositions authorized by the Oovemment throughout the whale Empire. Art. 1. Every Frenchman or foreigner, author of a discovery or invention capable of being patented under the provisions of the law of July 5, 1844, or of an industrial design which may be registered conformably with the law of March 18, 1806, or his representatives may, if admitted to a pubUc exposition authorized by the Govern- ment, cause the delivery to them, by the prefect or the sub-prefect of the department or arrondissement in which the Exposition is opened, of a certificate describing the object exhibited. Art. 3. This certificate assures to its receiver the same rights which a patent of invention or a legal registration of an industrial design would grant, dating from the day of admission and extending to the end of the third month following the closing of the Exposition, without prejudice to the patent which the exhibitor may receive or to the registration he may effect before the expiration of this period. Art. 3. The request for this certificate is to be made within the first month, at very latest, from the opening of the Exposition. It is to be addressed to the prefecture, or sub-prefecture, and to be accompanied by an accurate description of the thing to be guaranteed, and, if there be occasion, by a plan or drawing of the said article. The requests as well as the decisions made by the prefect or sub-prefect are to be recorded in a special register, which shall be afterwards transmitted to the depart- ment of agriculture, commerce, and public works, and communication of its contents shall be made, without charge, on every request. The delivery of the certificate shall be free of costs. 190 UNIVERSAL EXPOSITION OF 1889 AT PARIS. SYSTEM OF GENERAL CLASSIFICATION. first group— works of art. Class 1.— Oil Paintings. Paintings on canvas, panels, and various grounds. Class 3. — Paintings op Different Kinds and Drawings. Miniatures; paintings, in water-colors; pastel and drawings of aU kinds; paintings on enamel, earthenware, and porcelain; cartoons for stained glass windows and frescoes. Class 3.— Sculpture and Engravings on Medals. Statuary, bas-relief, repousse work and chiseled -^^ork. Medals, cameos, engraved stones. Inlaid enamel work. Class 4.— Architectural Drawings and Models. Studies and fragments. Representations and plans of buildings. Restorations from ruins or documents. Class 5.— Engravings and Lithographs. Engravings in black; polychromatic engravings. Lithographs in black, in chalk and with brush; chromo-lithography. second group-education and instruction— apparatus and processes used in the liberal arts. Class 6.— Education of Young Children— Primary Instruction — Instruc- tion OF Adults. Plans and models of infant asylums, infant schools, orphan asylums, rooms for the care of children and kindergartens; arrangement and furniture of such establish- ments; appliances for instruction, adapted to promote the physical, moral and intellectual development of the child until the age when he enters school. Plans and models of city and country school-houses; arrangement and furniture of such establishments. School articles, books, maps, apparatus, models, etc. Plans and models of schools for adults and for industi'ial training; arrangement and furnitm-e in such establishments. Articles used in the instruction of adults and in industrial training. Articles used in elementary instruction in its various branches. Articles for elementary instruction in geometrical and free-hand drawing. Articles for the instruction of the blind and of deaf mutes. Articles made by pupils of both sexes. Libraries and publications. Class 7.— Organization and Appliances for Secondary Instruction. Plans and models of establishments for secondary instruction; lyceums for boys and girls, gymnasiums, colleges, industrial and commercial schools. AiTangement and f urnitiu-e of such establishments. Collections, classical books, maps, and globes. Articles used in teclinological and scientific instruction, for instruction in the arts, in drawing, music and singing. Apparatus and methods used in teaching gymnastics, fencing, and military exer- REPORT OF COMMISSIONER-GENERAL —APPENDIX B. 191 Class 8.— Organization, Methods and Appliances for Higher Instruction. Plans and models of academies, universities, medical schools, practical schools, technical and industrial schools, agricultural schools, observatories, scientific muse- ums, amphitheatres, laboratories for teaching and experimenting. Furniture and arrangements of such establishments. Apparatus, collections, and appliances used in higher instruction and in scientific research. Special exhibitions of learned, technical, agricultural, commercial, and industrial institutions and societies. Scientific expeditions. Class 9.— Printing and Books. Specimens of typography; autographic proofs; hthographic proofs, black or col- ored; proofs of engravings. Nevsr books and new editions of books already known; collections qt works form- ing special hbraries; periodical publications. Drawings, atlases, and albums. Musical publications. Class 10.— Stationery, Bookbinding, and Articles Used in Painting and Drawing. Paper, cards and pasteboards; inks, chalks, pencils, pastels, office furniture and svipplies, iiLkstands, letter-scales, etc., and copying-presses. Articles made of paper, such as shades, lanterns, flower-pot covers, etc. Record books, copy-books, albums, and note-books,; bindings, movable bindings, cases, etc. Various articles for washes and water-colors; paints in cakes, pastilles, bladders, tubes, and shells. Instruments and apparatus for use of painters, draughtsmen, and modelers. Class 11. — Ordinary Application of the Arts op Drawing and Modeling. Industrial designs; designs obtained, reproduced, or reduced by mechanical proc- esses. Decorative paintings, lithographs, chromo-lithographs, or engravings to be used in industries. Patterns and models for figures, ornaments, etc. Molded, stamped, chiseled and carved articles. Cameos, seals, and various articles decora.ted by means of engraving. Industrial decorative plastic goods made by mechanical process; reductions, etc. Coins and medals. Class 12.— Photographic Proofs and Apparatus. Photographs on paper, glass, wood, textile fabrics, enamel, etc. Heliographic engravings, lithographic proofs, photo-lithographic proofs, photographic negatives, stereoscopic proofs, and stereoscopes. Enlarged proofs. Photochromy. Instruments, apparatus, and raw material used in photography. Articles used in photographers' studios. Class 13. — Musical Instruments. Non-metallic wind instruments with simple mouthpieces, with reeds or pipes, with or without air-reservoirs. Metallic wind instruments, simple, with extensions, with slides, with pistons, with keys and with reeds. 192 TJNIVEESAL EXPOSITION OP 1889 AT PAKIS. Wind instruments with keyboards; organs, accordions, etc. String instruments, played with the fingers or with a bow, without keyboards. Stringed instruments with keyboards; pianos, etc. Instruments played by means of beating or friction. Automatic instruments; hand organs and bird organs. Separate parts of musical instmments and orchestral appliances. Strings for musical instruments. Class 14.— Medicine and Stjrgeey.— Veterinary and Comparative Medicine. AppHances, instruments, and apparatus used in anatomical, histological, and bac- teriological work. Normal and pathological anatomical specimens; histological and bacterioscopical preparations. ' Instruments for medical examinations, both general and special. Apparatus and instruments used in general, local, and special surgery. Apparatus used in dressing wounds. Apparatus used in plastic and mechanical prothesis; orthopedic apparatus; ap- paratus used in hernial surgery; bath and hydrotherapeutic apparatus; apparatus for medical gymnastics; appliances, instruments, and apparatus used in special therapeutics. Instruments used in the practice of dental surgery. Miscellaneous apparatus for the use of the infirm, sick, and insane. Accessory articles used in the medical, surgical, and pharmaceutical service of hospitals and infirmaries. Cases and chests of insti-uments and medicines for the use of army and navy sur- geons. Articles for use m succoring the wounded on battle-fields. Apparatus for the relief of the drowned and the asphyxiated. Special appliances, instruments, and apparatus used by veterinary surgeons. Class 15. — Instruments of Precision. Philosophical apparatus and instruments. Apparatus and instruments used in practical geometry, surveying, topography, and geodesy; drawing compasses; calculating macliines; levels; compasses; barometers, etc. Measuring apparatus and instruments; verniers, micrometer screws, dividing machines, etc. ; scales for scientific uses. Ordinary optical instruments. Astronomical instruments. Physical and mete- orological instruments, etc. Insti-uments and apparatus used in laboratories and observatories. Measures and weights of different countries. Class 16.— Geographical and Cosmographical Maps and Apparatus. — Topography. Geographical, geological, hydrographic, and astronomical maps and atlases. Physical majis of all kinds. Plain or raised topographical maps. Terrestrial and ci'lestial globes and spheres. Statistical works and tables. Tables and ephemerides for the use of astronomers and navigators. REPORT OF COMMISSIONER-GElSrERAL — APPENDIX B. 193 third group— furmtuke and accessories. Class 17.— Cheap and Fine Furniture. Sideboards, book-cases, tables, toilet-tables, bedsteads, sofas, chairs, billiard- tables, etc. Class 18.— Upholsterers' and Decorators' Work. Bed furniture, upholstered chairs, canopies, curtains, tapestry, and other hang- ings. Articles for decorating and furnishing. Molded pulp, and decorative articles of plaster, statuary, pasteboard, papier-mfiche, etc. Frames. Paintings and decora- tions for churches. Ornamental mantel-pieces. Class 19.— Crystal, Glass, and Stained Glass. Crystal glass vases and goblets; cut, double and mounted crystal glass, etc. Or- dinary vases and goblets. Common glassware and bottles. Glass for windows and mirrors. Highly finished, enameled, crackled, filigreed, and tempered glass, etc. Glasses and crystals for optical purposes; articles for ornament, etc. Stained glass for windows. Mirrors, looking-glasses, etc. Class 30.— Ceramics. Biscuit ware, hard and soft paste porcelain. Fine earthenware with colored glazing, etc. Earthenware biscuit. Terra cotta. Enameled lava. Bricks and tiles. Ceramic stoneware. Industrial mosaics and enamels. Class 31.— Cabpets, Tapestry, and Other Fabrics Used in House-Furnishing. Carpets, moquettes, and tapestry, of rough or velvety surface. Carpets of felt, mats, etc. India rubber floor cloths, etc. Fabrics used in furnishing, such as cotton, wool, or silk, plain or figured. Fab- rics of horsehair, vegetable, leathers, moleskin, etc. Leather used for hangings and furniture. Oil-cloths and linoleums. Class 33. — Decorated Papers. Printed papers. Paper with velvety surface, marbled, veined, etc. Paper for covers, for binding, etc. Artistic papers. Enameled and varnished papers. Imi- tations of wood and leather. Painted or printed shades. Class 33.— Cutlery. Knives, penknives, scissors, razors, etc. Various articles of cutlery. Class 34.— Goldsmiths' and Silversmiths' Work. Church plate ; decorative and table plate ; articles of gold and silver for the toilet, for office use, etc. H. Ex. 410 13 194 UNIVERSAL EXPOSITION OF 1889 AT PARIS. Class 25.— Art Bronzes and Castings.— Artistic Iron-work and Repousse Metal-work. Statues and bas-reliefs in bronze, cast-iron, zinc, etc. Castings with metallic coatings. Repousse work in copper, lead, zinc, etc. Class 36.— Watches and Clocks. Separate parts, large or small, of clocks and watches. Watches, chronometers, pedometers, various reckoners, etc. Mantel and other clocks ; regulators and metronomes. Astronomical clocks, marine chronometers ; traveling clocks, alarm clocks, etc. Water clocks and hour-glasses. Class 37.— Apparatus and Processes for Heating.— Apparatus .and Processes for Lighting Otherwise than by Electricity. Fire-grates, fire-places, stoves, and furnaces. Accessory appliances in heating houses. Kitclien ranges and apparatus for heating and cooking with gas. Apparatus for heating by the circulation of hot water, steam, and heated air. Lamps for Ughting by means of various oils and essences. Accessory articles for lighting. Matches. Apparatus and accessory appliances for lighting by gas. Apparatus for lighting by means of magnesium, etc. Class 28.— Perfumery. Cosmetics and pomatums. Perfumed oils ; extracts and scented waters : aro- matic vinegars ; almond pastes ; powders, pastilles, and scent-bags ; perfumes for burning ; toilet soaps. Raw materials for perfumery. Class 39.— Leather Work— Fancy Wooden Articles— Baskets and Brushes. Dressing-cases and small fancy articles of furniture; liqueur-cases and glove-boxes. Caskets. Cases and bags, jewel-boxes. Purses, pocket-books, note-books, and cigar-cases. Turned, lathe-worked, carved and engraved articles of wood, ivory, sliell, etc. ; tobacco boxes ; pipes. Fine combs ; fine toilet brushes. Miscellaneous lacquer articles. Baskets and fancy baskets; wicker-work aiticles and fine straw goods. Coarse brushes; feather dusters. Paint brushes. koiirtll giioup.— textile fabrus. wearing apparel, and accessories. Class 30.— Cotton Thread and Fabrics. Prepared and spun cotton. Pure cotton fabrics, plain or figured. Fabrics of mixed cotton. Cotton velvet. Cotton ribbons. Bedclothes. REPORT OF COMMISSIONER-GENERAL APPENDIX B. 195 Class 31. — Thread and Fabrics of Hemp, Flax, etc. Flax, hemp, and other spun vegetable fibers. Linen and driUs. Cambric. Linen fabrics, mixed with cotton or silk. Fabrics of vegetable fibers, other than those of cotton, flax, and hemp. Class 32.— Threads and Fabrics of Combed Wool— Threads and Fabrics OF Carded Wool. Combed wool; woolen yarn. Muslins, Scotch cassimeres, merinos, serges, etc. Woolen ribbons and laces mixed with cotton, thread, with silk or floss silk. Fabrics of hair, pure or mixed. Woolen shawls, pure or mixed. Cashmere shawls. Carded wool; worsted yam. Cloths and other fabrics of carded wool. Blankets. Felt of wool or hair, for carpets and hats. Woolen foot-wear. Fabrics of carded wool, unfuUed or shghtly fulled; such as flannels, tartans, wansdown, etc. Class 83. — Silks and Silk Fabrics. Raw and thrown silks; floss silk yarn. Fabrics of pure silk, plain, figured, and embossed. Fabrics of silk mixed with gold, silver, cotton, wool, thread, etc. Fabrics of floss silk, pure or mixed. Velvets and plushes. Ribbons of pure or mixed silk. Shawls of pure or mixed silk. Class 34.— Laces, Net, Embroidery and Trimmings. Laces of thread and cotton, made with the spindle, needle, or loom. Laces of silk, wool, or mohair. Silver and gold lace. Sflk and cotton net, plain or figured. Embroidering in tambour work, crocheting, etc. Embroidery in gold, silver, and silk. Sacerdotal vestments. Embroidery, tapestry, and other work done by hand. Trimmings of silk, floss sUk, wool, mohair, sundry kinds of hair, horsehair, thread and cotton; braids, etc. Fine and imitation lace work and trimmings. Special lace work and trimmings for military equipments. Class 35.— Articles of Hosiery and Underclothing — Accessories of Wearing Apparel. Hosiery of cotton, thread, wool, and silk cashmere, or of floss silk, pure or mixed. Elastic fabrics; knit goods. Made garments for men, women, and chfldren; baby linen. Flannel goods and other woolen garments. Corsets, cravats, gloves, gaiters, garters, suspenders, buttons, fans, screens, um- brellas, sunshades, canes, etc. 196 UNIVERSAL EXPOSITION OF 1889 AT PAEIS. Class 36.— Wearing Appabel for Both Sexes. Men's clothes; women's clothes. Hats and head-wear for both sexes; artificial flowers and feathers. Wigs and hair-work. Boots, shoes, etc. Children's garments. Special garments for different occupations. Native costumes of different countries. Class 37.— Jewelry and Precious Stones. Jewelry in precious metals, carved, fihgreed, adorned with precious stones, etc. Plated and imitation jewelry. Ornaments of jet, amber, coral, mother-of-pearl, steel, etc. Diamonds, precious stones, pearls and imitations. Class 38. — Portable Weapons— Hunting. Defensive armor: cuirasses, helmets. Blunt weapons: clubs, bludgeons, etc. Side-arms: swords, sabers, bayonets, lances, axes and hunting knives. Missile weapons: bows, ci-oss-bows, etc. Fire-arms: guns, rifles, pistols, revolvers. Gimsmiths' accessory articles. Solid or hollow projectiles, explosives. Percussion caps, primers, cartridges. Hunting equipments; articles used in training dogs. Articles used in fencing halls. Class 39. — Articles for Traveling and Camp Equipage. Trunks, valises, saddle-bags, etc. Dressing and traveUng cases, miseellaueous articles. Traveling rugs; cushions; headwear; waterproof garments: shod staffs; grapnel hooks; umbrellas. Portable articles specially designed for travelers and scientific expeditions; imple- ments and equipments for geologists, mineralogists, naturalists, settlers, pioneers, etc. Tents and camp equipage. Beds, hammocks, seats, folding-chairs, etc. Class 40. — Toys. Dolls and toys; wax and other figures. Games for the amusement of children or adults. Instructive and scientific toys. fifth gkoiip.-minino ixdustuies-kaw and manufactured prodllts. Class 41.— Products of Mining and Metallurgy. Collections and specimens of rocks, mmerals and ores. Ornamental rooks. Hard rocks. Refi-actory substances. Earths and clays. Various mineral products. Raw sulphur. Rock salt, salt from salt springs. Mineral fuels: various kinds of coal; residua and agglomerates. Asphalts and asphaltic rocks. Bitumen. Mineral tar. Crude petroleum, etc. Crude metals: cast-iron, wrought-iron. steel, iron having the nature of steel, copper, lead, silver, zinc, etc. Metallic alloys. KEPOET OP COMMISSIONER-GENERAL APPENDIX B. 19't Products of the art of washing ashes, refining precious metals, gold-beating, etc. Products of the working of crude metals; castings, bells, commercial iron; special kinds of iron; sheet-non and tin; plates for sheeting and constructions, etc. Sheet-iron coated with zinc or lead, etc. ; copper, lead and zinc sheets, etc. Wrought metals: forge-work and other iron-work; wheels and tires; un welded pipes, chains, etc. Products of wire-drawing. Needles, pins; wire cables; lattices; wire gauzes; perforated iron. Hardware, edge-tools, ironmongery, copper sheets, sheet-iron work, scrap iron and tinware. Various wrought metals. Class 42. — Products of Forest Growth and Forest Industries. Specimens of forest species. Wood for working, fuel and building purposes. Timber for ship-building; staves; split woods. Cork; textile barks. Tanning, dyeing, scenting and resinous substances, etc. Products of forest industries: dried wood and charcoal; potash in the raw state; articles manufactured by the cooper, the basket-maker, the maker of fine straw goods, wooden shoes, etc. Class 43.— Products of Hunting.— Products op Fisheries, Apparatus and In- struments for Fishing, and for Gathering Fruits op Natural Growth. Collections and drawings of land and amphibious animals, birds, eggs, fishes, ceta- cea, moUusks and Crustacea. Products of hunting: furs and skins, hair, bristles, feathers, down, horns, teeth, ivory, bones, shells, musks, castoreum, and similar products. Products of fisheries: whale-oil, spermaceti, etc.; whalebone, ambergris, mol- lusk-shells, pearls, mother-of-pearl, sepia, purple, corals sponges, etc. Products of fruit growth or of crops obtained without cultivation: mushrooms, truffles, wild fruits, lichens used in dyeing ; food and fodder ; fermented saps; Peru- vian bark; useful barks and filaments, wax, resinous gums, raw India rubber, gutta- percha, etc. Traps and snares: fishing lines and hooks, harpoons, nets, apparatus and bait for fishing. Apparatus and instruments for gathering products obtained without cultivation. Class 44.— Agricultural Products not Used for Food. Textile materials : raw cotton, fiax and hemp, scutched and unscutched; textile vegetable fibers of every kind ; raw wool, washed and unwashed ; silk-worm cocoons. Various agricultural products employed in industry, pharmacy, and for domestic purposes; oleaginous plants, oils, wax, resins. Leaf or manufactured tobacco. Touchwood. Tanning and dyeing substances. Preserved fodder and substances specially intended for feeding animals. Class 45. — Chemical and Pharmaceutical Products. Acids, alkalies, salts of all tinds, sea salts and products resulting from the treat- ment of mother-waters. Various products of the chemical industries; wax and fatty substances; soaps and candles; rosins, tars and derivative substances; essences and varnishes; glues and gelatines; printing inks; different coatings, blackings and waxings. Raw materials used in pharmacy: simple and compound medicines. 198 UNIVEKSAL EXPOSITION OF 1889 AT PARIS. Products of the India-rubber and gutta-percha industries; dyeing substances and colors. Products derived from the treatment of mineral matters utilized for lighting. Re- fined petroleum. Class 46.— Chemical Methods of Bleaching, Dyeing, Printing and Finishing. Specimens of threads and stuffs, bleached and dyed. Samples of dyeing prepa- rations. Specimens of printed or dyed linen and cotton prints, pure or mixed. Specimens of woolen prints, pure or mixed, combed or carded. Specimens of silk prints, pure or mixed. Specimens of printed felt or cloth carpet and of oil-cloths. Class 47.— Leathers and Skins. Haw materials used in the preparation of skins and leather. Raw hides; salted hides. Tanned, curried, dressed or dyed leather. Varnished leather. Morocco and sheepskins; skins grained, chamoied, tawed, dressed or dyed. Skins prepared for gloves. Parchments. Articles of gut- work; gold-beaters' skins; bulls' sinews, etc. sixth geoup.-appabatds akd processes of mechaiflcal ixdusteies electricity. Class 48.— Apparatus and Methods of Working Mines and of Metallurgy. Apparatus for exploration by borings, for artesian wells and for wells of large sec- tions. Models, plans and views of the works of mines and quarries. Works for obtain- ing the flow of mineral waters. Machines and apparatus used for extracting ores, and for lowering and hoisting workmen in the mine. Machines for drainage; pumps. Ventilating apparatus; ventilators. Safety lamps; safety apparatus; parachutes; signals. Apparatus for the mechanical preparation of ores and mineral fuel. Apparatus for compressing fuel. Apparatus for carbonizing fuel; metallurgic hearths and fm-naces; smoke-con- suming apparatus. Appliances of metallurgic works. Special appliances for forges and foundries. Appliances for shops for working metals of all kinds. Class 49.— Apparatus and Methods of Farming and Forestry. Plans for the cultivation, distribution, and management of crops. Appliances and works for aRvicultural engineering; drainage; sub-soil di-ainage; irrigation. Plans and models of rural buildings. Tools, implements, machines, and apparatus used for plowing and other workings of the gi'ound in sowing and planting, harvesting, preparing, and preserving the products of cultivation. Various agricultural machines moved by teams or steam. Appliances for carts and agricultural conveyances. REPORT OF COMMISSIONER-GENERAL APPENDIX B. 199 Movable steam-engines for special purposes and horse-gins. Fertilizers of organic or mineral origin. Apparatus for the physical and the chemical study of soils. Plans of methods of replanting, managing, and cultivating forests. Apparatus used in forest work and forest industries. Class 50.— Apparatus and Methods Used in Agriculttibal Work and Food Industries. Appliances for agricultural work; manufactories of artificial fertilizers, of drain- age pipes, flour-mills, farina-mills, starch-mUls, oil-mills, breweries, distilleries, sugar works, refineries, workshops for the preparation of textile materials, silk- worm nurseries, etc. . Appliances for the manufacture of alimentary products; kneading-machines and mechanical ovens for bakers; pastry and confectionery utensils. Apparatus for the manufacture of doughs for food, sea-biscuit, etc. Machines for making chocolate. Apparatus for roasting coffee. Preparation of ices and sherbets; manufacture and preservation of ice. Class 51.— Apparatus Used in Chemistry, Pharmacy, and Tanning. Laboratory utensils and apparatus; enameling lamps; blow-pipes. Apparatus and instruments for industrial and commercial experiments. Appliances and apparatus of the manufactories of chemical products; soaps and candles. Appliances and methods of the manufacture of essences, varnishes, articles of india-rubber and gutta-percha. Appliances of factories treating mineral substances used in lighting. Appliances and methods of bleaching works. Appliances for the preparation of pharmaceutical products. Appliances of factories for tanning and dressing leather. Appliances and methods of glass works, and manufactories of ceramic products. Class 53. — Machines and Apparatus op General Mechanics. Separate pieces of machinery. Bearings, rollers, slide-bars, eccentrics, gearings, ■connecting-rods, parallel motions and joints, pulleys, belts, transmissions by ropes, etc. Couplings, clutches, etc. Regulators and governors. Apparatus for greasing and oiling. Counters and registers. Dynamometers, pressure-gauges, weighing-machines. Ajjparatus for measuring liquids and gases. Machines used for moving heavy weights. Hydi-aulic lifting machines: norias, pumps, tympans, hydraulic rams, etc. Hydraulic motors: wheels, turbines, water-pressure engines. Hydraulic presses. Engines moved by steam: stationary engines, partially stationary engines, movable engines. Boilers, steam-generators, and accessory apparatus. Apparatus for condensing vapors. Engines run by other vapors than steam; by combined vapors. Gas, hot-air, and compressed-air engines. Apparatus for the transmission of power by water and by air. Wind-mills and wind-vanes. Balloons. Cements and non-conducting preparations. 200 UNIVERSAL EXPOSITION OF 1889 AT PAEIS. Class 53.— Machine Tools. Turning lathes and machines for boring and planing, mortise-cutting machines, drilling-machines, cutting-presses, shaping-machines, tenoning-machines, punching- machines, tapping-machines, screw-cutting machines, riveting-machines, etc. Per- forators. Various tools used in machine-shops. Stones for sharpening, scraping, polishing, etc. Tools, machines, and apparatus used for pressing, crushing, working up, stamp- ing, and beating out, etc. Machines for sawing and polishing hard stones, marbles, etc. Special machine tools used in various industries. Class 54.— Appliances and Methods op Spinning and Eope-Making Appliances for hand-spinning. Separate pieces pertaining to the appliances of spinning-mills. Machines and apparatus used in the preparation and spinning of textile substances. Apparatus and methods used in the operations complementary to these: drawing, winding, twisting, and throwing ; mechanical finishing. Appa- ratus for drying and determining the tliickness and numbering the threads. Appliances of rope-walks. Eound cables, flat cables, tapering cables, ropes, twine, wire cables, cables with metal core, fuses, quick matclics, etc. f Class 55. — Apparatus and Methods of Weaving. Appliances used in preparatory operations for weaving: machines for warping, winding. Lisages. Hand and mechanical looms for the manufacture of plain fabrics. Looms for the manufacture of figured and embroidered stuffs. Damask looms. Looms for manufacturing carpets and tapestries. Looms and machines for the manufactm-e of hoisery and net. Apiiliances for lace-making. Appliances for making trimmings. Upright looms and methods of spooling. Accessory apparatus: machines for full- ing, calendering, embossing, watering, measuring, folding, etc. Class 56.— Appliances and Methods of Sewing and Making Articles o Clothing. Ordinary tools of shops for sewing and making garments. Machines for sewing, stitching, hemming, and embroidering, Cutters for stuffs and leathei-s for the manufacture of articles of clothing and shoes. Machines for making, nailing, and screwing shoes. Machines for utilizing India-rubber. Class 57.— Appliances and Methods of Manufacture op Articles for Fur- niture AND Dwellings. Machine tools for the preparation and working of wood ; planing-machines, shap- ing-machines, saws of all kinds, mortising-machines, etc. Machines for making baiTels. Machines for cutting cork, etc. Machines for cutting veneers. Saws for scrolls, profiles, etc. Machines for cutting moldings, bordei-s for frames, floor squares, furniture, etc. Turning lathes and different apparatus of joiners and cabinet-makers ; machines for shai'pening saws. Machines and apparatus for working in stucco, papier mache, ivory, bone, horn, etc. REPORT OF COMMISSIONER-GENERAL APPENDIX B. 201 Machines for pointing, sculpturing, reducing statues, engraving and engine-turn- ing, etc. Brick machines, tUe machines ; machines for malting artificial stones, drawing out, compressing ceramic products. Kneaders, grinders, and other machines for making bricks, pipes, and pottery for buildings. Class 58. — Appliances and Methods of Paper Manupacttire, Coloring and Printing. Appliances and products of the manufacture of paper pulp of wood, straw, alfa, etc. Methods and products of the bleaching of wood fibres. Apphances for the manufacture of paper by vat and by machine. Apparatus for pressing, glazing, watering, embossing, water-marking, and ruling paper. Machines for cutting, paring, and stamping paper, etc. Appliances for bleaching, coloring, and finishing paper and tissues. Appliances for printing paper-hangings and tissues. Machines for engraving printing rollers. Appliances, apparatus and products for type foundries, stereotype plates, etc. Machines and apparatus employed in printing, stereotyping, copper-plate print- ing, autography, lithography, engraving on copper, engraving on zinc, chromolitho- graphy, etc. Machines for setting up and distributing type. Printing of bank- notes, postage-stamps, etc. Glass 59. — Machines, Instruments, and Methods Used in Various Occupations. Coining-presses. Machines used in the manufacture of buttons, pens, pins, letter-envelopes ; ma- chines for packing, making brushes and cards ; manufacturing capsules ; for fix- ing lead seals to merchandise ; corking bottles, etc. Tools and methods of manufacture of articles of clock-work, toys, inlaid work, basket-work, etc. Machines for book-binding. Writing machines. Appliances, instruments, and machines for the manufacture of tobacco. Class 60.— Carriage-making, Wheelwrights' Work, Harness-making and Saddlery. Separate parts of carriage-makers' and wheelwrights' work ; wheels, tires, axles, hubs, iron-w^ork, etc. Springs and various systems of hanging can-iages. Methods of harnessing. Brakes. Products of the wheelwrights' work ; wagons, carts, drays, vehicles for special purposes. Products of carriage-building, carriages for hire, state carriages,' private car- riages, sedan chairs. Utters, sleighs, etc., velocipedes. Articles of harness and saddlery ; pack-saddles, saddles, stretchers for convey- ing the wounded ; bridles and harness for riding animals, beasts of burden and draught horses ; stirrups, spurs, driving and riding whips. Class 61.— Railroad Appliances. Separate parts: springs, buffers, brakes, etc. Permanent way: rails, chairs, fish-plates, crossings, switches, turn-tables ; buf- fers ; water-cranes and water-tanks ; optical and acoustic signals. Various kinds of safety apparatus, block system. Fixed appliances for tramways. 202 UNIVEESAL EXPOSITION OF 1889 AT PAKIS. Rolling-stock: passenger-cars, construction-cars, freight-cars, cattle-cars, locomo- tives, tenders. Self -moving carriages and road engines. Special machines and tools for shops of maintenance, repair, and the construction of appliances. Appliances and machines for inclined planes and self-acting planes ; models of engines, systems of traction and apparatus relating to railways. Rolling-stock for trarnvs^ays of various kinds. Models, plans and drawings for depots, stations, car-houses, and other buildings necessary for the working of railroads. Class 68.— Electricity. t'roduction of electricity, static electricity, pUes and accessories, magneto-elec- trical and dynamo-electrical machines, accumulators. Ti-ansmission of electricity: cables, wires, and accessories : lightning-rods. Electrometry: apparatus for electrical measurements. Registers of electricity. Applications of electricity; telegraphy, signals, telephony, microphony, photo- phony, electric light, electric motors, electrical locomotion, conveyance and distribu- tion of force, transformers. Medical electricity, electro-chemisti-y. Electro-mag- nets and magnets, compasses. Electrical clock-work. Various kinds of apparatus. Class 63.— Appliances and Methods of Civil Engineering, of Public Works AND Architecture. Building materials, rocks, woods, metals, ornamental stones : limes, mortars, cements, artificial stones and concretes : roofing tiles, bricks, paving-tiles : slates, roofing-paper and felts for roofs. Apphances and products of methods employed for the preservation of wood. Apparatus and insti'uments for testing building materials. Appliances for earth-work ; excavators. Apparatus used in work-yards. Tools and methods used by stone dressers and cutters, masons, carpenters, roofers, lock- smiths, joiners, glaziers, plumbers, house-painters, etc. Fine locksmiths" work: safes, locks, padlocks, raihngs, balconies, bannisters. Appliances and machines for foundation work: pile-drivers and pile work, screw piles, pumps, pneumatic apparatus, dredges, etc. Appliances for hydraulic works in seaports, canals, rivers. Appliances and apparatus used in the supply of water and gas. Appliances used in the maintenance ef roads, plantations, walks. Lighthouses. Special appliances for telegraphing by compressed air. Models, plans, and drawings of public works ; bridges, viaducts, aqueducts, sew- ers, canal-bridges, locks, dams. Models, plans, and drawings of public buildings for speciul purposes ; buildings for civil purposes ; large and small houses for letting ; settlements aiid dwellings for workmen. Class 64.— Hygiene and Public Charities. Appliances, instmments, and apparatus used in hygienic investigations. Sanitary applianies and methods for dwelling-houses, buildings, and cities : di- rect renewal of air, heating, ventilating, lighting, in their relation to health ; con- duits for water and sewerage, drains and sewers ; flushing tanks, hydraulic syphons. wiiter-closets, public and private urinals, sinks, close-stools, night-soil apparatus, sanitary plumbing, walls, bricks, roofs, flooring, etc. Apparatus for carrying off, receiving and treating sewerage. REPORT OF COMMISSIONER-GENERAL APPENDIX B. 203 Apparatus and methods for filtering water. Apparatus intended for the prevention of infectious diseases ; methods, materials and instruments for purifying, destroying germs, and disinfecting. Apparatus and instruments for interring and destroying dead bodies in cemeteries and on battle-fields ; cremation. Plans, models, and documents of health offices, national, departmental, and mu- nicipal. Appliances and methods of industrial and professional hygiene. Plans, models, arrangement and furniture of hospitals, various asylums, houses of refuge, of retreat, insane asylums, infant asylums, etc. Plans, models, specimens of civil and military ambulances. Mineral waters and waters charged with natm-al or artificial gases. Class 65. — Navioation and Lipe-Saving. Drawings and models of stocks, graving docks, floating docks, etc. Drawings and models of vessels of all kinds used for river and sea navigation. Plans and models of systems of construction adopted in the merchant-service and in the navy. Torpedo-boats. Ships' boats and small craft. Appliances for rigging ships ; cranes, capstans. Steam capstans. Steering gear. Equipment. Flags and signals. Apparatus intended to prevent collision at sea. Buoys, bea- cons, etc. Apparatus for swimming, diving and life-saving, practically exhibited ; life-pre- servers, swimming-belts, etc. ; diving-bells, nautiluses, diving-armor, etc. Subma- rine boats, appliances of xnaritime life-saving service ; mortars for casting lines ; life-boats, etc. Apparatus for Ufe-saving in case of fire and other accidents. Pleasure boats. Class 66.— Apparatus and Methods of the Art of War. Works of military engineering ; fortifications. Artillery, arms, gun-carriages, and projectiles of all kinds. Equipment, clothing, and camp material. Appliances for miUtary transports. Mihtary topography and geography. seventh group food products. Class 67. — Cereals. — Farinaceous Products with their Derivatives. Wheat, rye, barley, rice, maize, millet, and other cereals in the grain, and when ground. Hulled grain and oatmeal and grits. Starch from potatoes, rice, lentils, etc., gluten. Tapioca, sago, arrow-root, various starches, mixed farinaceous products. Italian paste, semolino, vermicelli, maccaroni. Alimentary preparations as substitutes for bread, nouillfes, pap, pastry of domestic make. Class 68. — Products of the Bakery and Pastry Shop. Various kinds of bread, with or without yeast ; fancy bread and bread in shapes ; compressed bread for traveling, military campaigns, etc. ; sea biscuit. Various kinds of pastry peculiar to each country. Gingerbread and dry cakes fit for preservation. / 204 ITNIVEKSAL EXPOSITION OF 1889 AT PAKIS. Class 69.— Fat Substances Used for Food, Milk Products and Eggs. Eatable fats and oils. Fresh milk, preserved milk; salt and fresh butter; cheeses. Eggs of all kinds. Class 70.— Meats and Fishes. Sallt meats of every kind. Meats preserved by various processes. Meat and soup cakes. Hams and prepared meats. Poultry and game. Salt fish, packed fish, codfish, herrings, etc.; fish preserved in oil; sardines, pickled tunny-fish, etc. Crustacea and shell-fish: Lobsters, shrimps, oysters; preserved oysters, ancho- vies, etc. Class 71. — Vegetables and Fruits. Tubers, potatoes,jetc. Dry farinaceous vegetables: beans, lentils, etc. Green vegetables for cooking: cabbages, etc. Vegetable roots: carrots, turnips, etc. Vegetables used for seasoning: onions, garlic, etc. Salads, gourds, pumpkins, melons, etc. Vegetables preserved by various processes. Fresh fruits; fruits dried and prepared; prunes, figs, raisins, etc. Fruits preserved without sugar. Class 73.— Condiments and Stimulants ; Sugar and Products of Confec- tionery. Spices. Pepper, cinnamon, allspice, etc. Table salt. Vinegars. Condiments and compound stimulants: mustards, karis, sauces, etc. Teas, coffees and aromatic drinks; coffees of chicory and sweet acorns. Chocolates. Sugars, for domestic and other uses. Various products of confectionery: sugar-plums, sugar bon-bons, soft bon-bons, nougat, angelica, aniseed, preserves, and jellies. Conserves. Fruits preserved in brandy. Syrups and sugared liquors. Class 73.— Fermented Drinks. Ordinary wines, white and red. Cordials and sweet wines. Sparkling wines. Ciders, perry and other beverages made from cereals. Fermented bevevases of every kind. Brandies and alcohols. Spirituous liquors, gin, rum. tafia, kirsch, etc. EEPOET OF COMMISSIONER-GENERAL APPENDIX B. 205 EIGHTH GROUP— AGRICl'LTUBE, CULTIVATION OF THE VINE, AND FISH CULTURE. Class 73 bis. — Agronomy.^Agricultukal Statistics. Studies concerning the waters, the soils, the climates, and raral populations. Divisions of lands and cultivations. Agricultural statistics; agrological, hydrographical, climacteric maps, agronomi- cal maps. Tables, plans, models. Agronomical stations; agricultural laboratories. Agricultural syndicates, societies, and meetings. Institutions of credit, charity, of protection for rural population; mortgage com- panies, agricultural banks, people's banks.co-operative insurance, savings banks, etc. Legislative measures; rural code, special laws. Official agricultural administration; works and publications. Agricultural mis- Class 73 ier-.— Organization, Methods, and Appliances of Agricultural Instruction. Plans, models, and programmes of the agricultural primary schools, agricultura orphan asylums, farming schools or apprentices' schools. Methods and apparatus of instruction, fields for experimenting, etc. Work done by pupils. Plans and models of practical agricultural schools, of special schools of vine cult- ure, horticulture, and forestry, etc. Method and appaxatus of instruction. Wo.'k done by masters; specimens of work done by pupils. Plans and models of national schools of agriculture, of agricultural academies. Veterinary schools. Schools of forestry. Agricultural high schools, agronomical institutes. Methods and apparatus of instruction. Work of professors, specimens of pupils' work. Class 74.— Specimens of Farm Improvements and Agricultural Works. Models of farm buildings of various countries. Designs of stables, cattle-houses, sheep-sheds and folds, pig-sties, and buildings for raising and fattening animals. Appliances for stables, cattle-houses, kennels, etc. Apparatus for preparing food for animals. Agricultural machines in operation: steam plows, reapers, mowers, hay-makers, threshers, etc. Designs of agricultural works: distilleries, sugar-mills, refineries, breweries, flour- mills, fecula and starch factories, silk-worm nurseries, cheese factories, dairies. Presses for cider and oil. Models of poultry-houses, pigeon-houses, pheasant-houses. Apparatus for artificial hatching. Models of kennels. Class 75. — Vine Cultivation. Models of buildings used in vine cultivation. Apparatus used in the cultivation of the vine. Appliances of wine vaults, ceUars,and vats. Presses. Processes and methods employed in fighting diseases of the vine. Collections of vines. 206 TJNIVEKSAL EXPOSITION OF 1889 AT PAEIS. Class 76.— Useful and Injurious Insects. Bees, silk-worms, and other varieties of the bombyx. Cochineal insects. Apparatus used in the culture and keeping of bees and silk-worms. Apparatus and methods used in the destruction of injurious insects. Class 77.— Fish, Crustacea, and Mollusks. Useful aquatic animals in the live state. Aquariums, methods of pisciculture. Apparatus for rearing fish, mollusks, and leeches. ninth group.— horticulture. Class 78.— Conservatories and Horticultural Apparatus. Gardeners', nurserymen's, and horticulturists' tools. Apparatus for watering and keeping turf. Large conservatories and their appurtenances. Room and window conservato- ries. Aquariums for aquatic plants. Fountains and apparatus for the ornamentation of gardens. Class 79. — Flowers and Ornamental Plants. Species of plants and specimens of cultivation, exhibiting the characteristic types of the gardens of the natives of every country. Class 80. — Vegetables. Species of plants and specimens of cultivation, indicating the characteristic types of the kitchen-gardens of every country. Class 81. — Fruits and Fruit Trees. Specimens of plants and specimens of the products of cultivation, exhibiting the characteristic types of the orchards of each country. Clasb 82. — Seeds and Saplings of Forest Species. Species of plants and specimens of the products of cultivation, exhibiting the methods of forest planting in use in each country. Class 83. — Hothouse Plants. Specimens of the methods of cultivation in use in various countries for pleasure or utility. SOCIAL ECONOJIY. Section I. — Remuneration of labor. Forms and conditions, expressed or implied, of the hiring of labor, or contract for labor, dates and modes of payment of wages. Bounties or additional wages allotted to the quantity produced, to the quality of the product, or to the economy exercised in the use of the raw material or of fuel. Fanning contracts, remuneration of agricultural laborers in kind. EEPORT OB' C0MWI8SI0NEE-GENERAL APPENDIX B. 20T Labor of women and children in factories. Incentives to labor, medals and prizes; skill of the industrial or agricultural laborer, and pay according to length of service. Section II. — Share in profits, productive co-operative association!-. Share in the profits; different systems adopted; mode of employment of the product of this participation; regulations and by-laws; forms of accounts; fai-m- ing on shares. Workmen's productive co-operating societies; different systems adopted for con- stituting the board of managers, interest on the capital, and remuneration of the assistant workmen. Section III. — Trade syndicates. Trade syndicates; masters' syndicate societies; workmens' syndicate societies; trades unions; diverse co-operative institutions. Agricultural syndicates. Stoppages; strikes; obligatory and voluntary arbitration. Boards of arbitration: labor exchanges; hiring of workmen and of employes. Learned societies, trade or other, founded for the study of questions of social economy in industrial centres; by-laws and reports of these societies. Section IV. — Apprenticeship. Contract of apprenticeship; technical instruction given in the workshops or in schools and classes founded by the factory, by a committee of employers, or by the workmen themselves. Housekeeping schools; mill and agricultural orphan asy- lums. Establishments intended for children morally abandoned. Employers' societies for apprentices. Instruction to intended workmen and intended employes on economical, social, and manufacturing subjects, and on the practical working of provident institutions. Section V. — Mutual aid societies. Mutual aid societies; medical attendance; medicines; indemnities for stoppages; home relief; dispensaries; hospital treatment; care in convalescence; stay at water- ing places; funeral expenses. Retiring pensions paid by mutual aid societies; privileges granted to incorporated mutual aid societies in permitting them to contract life insurance on their members collectively. Admission of women; relief in cases of childbirth; statistical tables of sickness. Section VI. — Superannuation funds and annuities. National banks of superannuation. Pensions or annuities, immediate or deferred, established by the state, by life insuraiice companies, or by private individuals. Section VII. — Accident insurance — Life insurance. Individual or collective insurance against accident for the benefit of the workman in case of incapacity for labor, temporary or permanent, from wounds or maiming, or in case of death. Stoppages agreed upon for this purpose from the wages of the workman; charges made for the same object on the general expenses or on the profits. Diverse systems to insure the workman against- accident by the state, by private 208 UNIVERSAL EXPOSITION OF 1889 AT PARIS. stock or mutual companies, by factory syndicates incorporated for this purpose, and according to the terms of the law. Insurance by companies for the benefit of the employer against his civil responsi- bility in case of accident. Life insurance in case of death, mixed, for a fixed term, deferred, with various combinations, by the state, by insurance syndicates, or com- panies. Premiums and half premiums of insurance paid by the workmen, by the employers, or by societies created for this purpose. Tables of mortality. Statistics of accidents of every kind. Diverse insurances: Fire- hail; diseases among domestic animals. Section "Vlll.— Savings. Savings banks, national and postal. School savings banks. Savings banks supervised by the state. Savings societies for the purchase of goods in conxmon, wholesale. Different systems of incentives to economy: Rates of interest; allowances; adop- tion of a higher rate of interest for small deposits. Different systems of temporary '-General. SoMERviLLE p. Tuck, Assistant Comm^ssioner-C^eneral. REPORT OF COMMISSIONER-GENERAL APPENDIX I. 225 Circular No. 3, paris universal exposition of 1889. Office of the United States Commission, WASHiNaTON Building, No. 1 Broadway, New York, N. Y. [William B. Frjlsklw, Commissioner-General; Somerville P. Tuck, Assistant Commissioner General.) Group I. — Works of ASt. October 35, 1888. 1. This Group consists of the following classes: Class I. — Oil paintings : Paintings on canvas, panels, and various grounds. Class II. — Paintings of different kinds and Drawings: Miniatures; paintings in water-colors; pastel and drawings of all kinds; paintings on enamel, earthenware, and porcelain; cartoons for stained-glass vsdndows and frescoes. Class III. — Sculpture and Engravings on Medals : Statuary, bas-reUef , repousse work and chiselled work, medals, cameos, engraved stones, inlaid enamel work. Class IV. — Architectural Drawings and Models : Studies and fragments; repre- sentations and plans of buildings; restorations from ruins or documents. Class V. — Engravings and Lithographs : Engraving in black; polychromatic engravings. Lithographs in black, in chalk, and with brush; chromo-lithography. 2. The only persons entitled to exhibit are American citizens, whether residing in the United States or abroad. 3. Applicants for space desiring to make exhibits in any one of the above classes are requested to fill out the inclosed blank and return it without delay to this Com- mission at the above address. 4. Artists residing in the United States must have their exhibits in New York by February 15, 1889, at the very latest. Exhibitors residing in Europe must have their exhibits at Paris by March 30, 1889. There will be absolutely no extension of time, and no exhibits will be received after the specified dates. If it be found necessary to fix earlier dates than those named, due notice thereof will be given. 5. A jury of artists will be formed for the purpose of examining aU works sub- mitted for exhibition. No article will be admitted for exhibit unless favorably passed upon by this special jury — representing so far as possible the five classes of this Group — which will exclude all works that would not reflect credit on the United States Exhibit. 6. Due notice will be given of the names of the members of this jury, one section of which will sit in New York, and the other in Paris; their decisions will be sub- ject to revision by this Commission. 7. All pictures, whether round or oval, should be placed in square frames. Ex- cessive breadth in frames or projecting moldings should be avoided. 8. There shall be pasted upon the back of each picture-frame, and upon the bottom of other articles, a label, plainly written, giving the title and the name and address of the exhibitor. A duplicate of this label must be pasted upon the case containing the picture or other article. 9. Exhibitors are assured that the utmost care wUl be observed in handling their works, that they may suffer no damage. 10. The names and addresses of the agents appointed to receive exhibits in New York and Paris will be made known hereafter, together with the location of the depot in each city to which all articles must be sent for examination by the jury. 11. Intending exhibitors must prepay the cost of transportation from place of residence to the depot. Proposed exhibits rejected by the jury will be returned to owners at their expense. Upon those accepted for exhibit this Commission will H. Ex. 410 15 226 UNIVEESAL EXPOSITION OF 1889 AT PARIS. pay all expenses, including boxing, cataloguing, transportation from depot to Expo- sition Building, and return to residence of owner. Insurance to a reasonable amount will also be paid; the owners of exhibits may effect additional insurance at their own cost, if they desire. THE ATTENTION OF INTENDING EXHIBITORS IS CALLED TO THE FOLLOWING: Dt.— Extracts from the French official regulations as to this Group.] 12. Only works of art executed since 1878 can be exhibited. 13. Copies, even those which reproduce a work in a style differing from the original, are not admitted. Unframed pictures and drawing and statuary in unbaked clay are also inadmissible, as well as engravings produced by industrial processes. 14. The Ministre des Beaux Arts and the French Administration will not correspond directly with artists, whose works will only be admitted through the Commission of the country of their citizenship, which alone can receive and return exhibits. 15. A methodical and complete catalogue in the French language will be made by the Exposition authorities. Three lines at most will be given each exhibitor, for the mention of his full name, place of birth, names of his masters, and the recom- penses wliich he has received. Two additional lines at most will be given him for the name and summary description of each picture that he exhibits. 16. The Commission of each nation has the right to make, at its own expense, but only in its own language, a special catalogue of the works exhibited in its section. 17. Artists exhibiting will have the right to a permanent and gratuitous ticket of entrance during the whole period of the Exposition. 18. No exhibits may be drawn, copied, or reproduced in any form whatever vdth- out the authorization of the exhibitor, approved by the Director of this Group. 19. Regulations will hereafter be made as to the number and nature of the prizes to be awarded, also as to the constitution of the international jury charged with the distribution of these prizes. Artists who become members of this jury are excluded from competition for awards. 20. No exhibit may be withdrawn before the close of the Exposition without the special authorization of the Director of this Group and the Director-Gteneral of the Exposition. 21. Every artist who becomes an exhibitor declares by that fact that he agrees to comply with the regulations governing the Exposition. [H.— Ejrtracts from the general regulations of this Commission.] 22. The Universal Exposition of 1889, at Paris, will open the 5th of May, and close the 31st of October, 1889. 23. An oflScial regulation of the French management provides that exhibits vsiU be received from January 1, 1889, up to March 31 following. 24. There will be no charge for space occupied by exliibitors. 85. This commission will forwai-d, free of freight between New York and the Exposition, going and returning, all articles received for exliibit. 26. Exhibitors who ai-e unable to go to Paris or to send representatives will have their goods installed and cared for free of cost. 27. There will be no duties to pay except on articles sold. 28. This Commission will take precautions for the preservation of all objects exhibited. 29. This Commission reserves the right to order the removal of any articles which, in their nature or appearance, are hurtful to or incompatible with the pvu-poses of the Exposition. 30. The French regulations state that all objects exhibited will lie protected against piracy of invention or design. KEPOET OF COMMISSIONER-GENEEAL APPENDIX I. 227 31. No article may be withdrawn before the close of the Exposition without the special consent of this Commission. 33. All articles will be exhibited in the name of the person who signed the appli- cation for space. 83. Exhibitors are expressly requested to indicate the selUng prices of the articles exhibited by them, so as to facilitate the work of the juries and inform visitors. 34. Blank applications for space will be furnished on demand. When the allot- ment of space is definitely made, each exhibitor will be notified and furnished with a permit for the space assigned. 35. All communications must be addressed to the United States Commission ; the French Administration will not correspond with foreign exhibitors. William B. Frauklin, Commissioner- General. SoMERviLLE P. Tuck, Assistant Commissioner-General. Circular No. 4. united states commission to the paris exposition of 1889. [William B. Franklin, Commissioner-General; Souerville P.Tuck, Assistant-Commissioner-General.] Washington Building, No. 1 Broadway, New York, N. Y. [Paris Offices, 2} Ayenue de la Bourdonnais. Cable addresses, New York, "Universal"; Paris, " Usoom."] New York, October 28, 1888. Sir: Please find inclosed herewith: (1) Copy of the joint resolution of Congress accepting the invitation of the French Republic to take part in an International Exposition to be held in Paris in 1889. (3) Newspaper cutting, giving some details of the project and a summary descrip- tion of the Exposition buildings and various prehminary arrangements. (3) Circular No. 1, containing an abstract of the official regulations of the French management, together with those established by the United States Commission. (4) Blank application form for space to exhibit. (5) Translation of the general classification, comprising the Nine Groups and their subdivisions. Your attention is particularly called to Group II of the latter, devoted to aU ex- hibits that come under the classification of Education and Instruction, and Appal- ratus and Processes used in the Liberal Arts. At the Paris Exposition of 1878 the international jury made one hundred and fifteen awards to educational exhibitors in the United States section. This placed us at the head of foreign exhibits, and second only to France in the number of awards received by each country. As it is the desire of this Commission to make the educational exhibit of 1889 equally creditable, and with your co-operation to surpass the satisfactory showing of all former expositions, we ask you to do everything in your power to advance the interests' of this group, either by making application to exhibit in your own behalf, or by placing these circulars in the hands of others who are likely to apply for exhibition space in this department. Awaiting your early reply, we are, sir, your obedient servants, William B. Franklin, United States Commissioner-General. SOMERVILLE P. TUCK, Assistant United States Commissioner-General. 228 UNIVERSAL EXPOSITION OF 1889 AT PAKIS. [Form 38.] Circular No. 5. united states commission to the paris exhibition of 1889. [William B. Franklin, Commissioner-General; SomebvilleP. Took, Assistant-Commissioner-General.] Washington Building, No. 1 Broadway, New York, N. Y. [Paris Offioes, 27 Avenue de la Bourdonnais. Cable addresses. New York, "Universal"; Paris, "Uscom."] New York, December, 1888. Sir: In order that a statistical chart of the higher educational institutions in the United States may be prepared for the Paris Universal Exposition of 1889, and with the hope that you will assist in perfecting the exhibit in the Educational Group, you are respectfully requested to fill out the inclosed blank and return it to the above address at your earliest convenience. I am, sh', your obedient servant, Assistant Commissioner-GeneraL [Form 45.] Circular No. 6. paris universal exposition of 1889. Office of the United States Commission, Washington Building, No. 1 Broadway, New York, N. Y. January 14, 1889. Group 1.— Fine Arts. 1. Proposed exhibits for this Group will be called for in New York, Brooklyn, and. Jersey City at the expense of this Commission. 3. Notice of the number of articles and where located must be sent to W. S. Bud- worth, the agent appointed to receive exliibits. No. 1 West Fourteenth street. New York City, before February 10. 3. All proposed exhibits to be presented for approval of the jury by the owners or artists outside of these cities, must be forwai-ded to the same address in time to aij-ive by February 13. 4. This Commission will pay freight charges upon works accepted, but all expenses upon those not accepted and coming from outside the cities named must be borne by the sender. 5. All articles must be accompanied by a descriptive note, giving title, name, and address of artist and owner; wliere to be returned; if for sale, the price; and, as near as possible, the market or insurable value. 6. Upon the back of each picture-frame, and upon the bottom of other articles, shall be pasted a label of strong paper, plainly written, giving the title, and the name and address of the artist and owner. A duplicate of this label must be pasted upon the case containing the picture or other article. 7. There will be absoliifeli/ no c.rtension of time, and no exhibit will be received after tlie specified date, February 13, 1889. William B. Franklin. Commissioner-General. Somerville p. Tuck, Assistant Commissioner-General. EEPOKT OF COMMISSIONEK-GENEEAL APPENDIX I, 229 [Form 46.] CiRCULAB No. 7. UNITED STATES COMMISSION TO THE PARIS EXPOSITION OF 1889. [William B. Franklin, Commissioner-General; SomhrvillbP. Tuck, Assistant Commissioner-Gteneral.] Washington Building, No. 1 Broadway, New York, N. Y. [Paris Oflces, 37 Avenue de la Bom-donnais. Cable addresses, New York, "Universal," Paris, "Usoom."] January 19, 1889. The attention of exhibitors is called to the fact that show-cases, counters, shelv- ing and platforms, the unpacking and arranging of exhibits, the care thereof during the Exposition, the storage of packing-cases and repacking at the close, must be paid for by the exhibitors. When an agent is to be employed to represent you, it is necessary to fill out and return inclosed blank to this Commission without delay. SOMERVLLLE P. TUCK, Assistant Commissioner-Cfeneral. [Form 60.1 CmouLAR No. 8. UNITED STATES COMMISSION TO THE PARIS EXPOSITION OF 1889. [WilliamB. Franklin, Commissioner^General; SomebvilleP. Tuck, Assistant Commissioner-General.] Washington Building, No. 1 Broadway, New York, N. Y. January 34, 1889. Dear Sir: This Commission wishes to call your attention to the short time left to collect an educational exhibit, worthy of the United States, for the Paris Exposi- tion of 1889. This exhibit can only be made what it ought to be by the prompt and hearty action of all who can lend their assistance. The present circular letter has, accordingly, been issued with the hope that all who receive it wiU contribute their mite in the interest of a representative collection. It will cost almost nothing to the individual, and, with the co-operation of others, will greatly add to the value of the Educational Group. The matter desired is mentioned below, and it is hoped that all will contribute item No. 1, at least, and as many more of the items as possible. 1. A chart showing the hours devoted to each subject and each class during the course. 3. Photographic views and plans of buildings designed and erected since 1878. Also town map, showing location of school buildings, with primary school in one color, high school in another, etc. 3. Photographs of a group of ten students from each class, showing features and carriage. 4. Statistics of above groups, giving the age, weight, height, waist and breast measure of each student. 230 UNIVERSAL EXPOSITION OF 1889 AT PAEIS. 5. A few specimens of free-hand drawing, giving the number of hours of instruc- tion and practice before the given drawing was undertaken, and the time required to complete the given specimen. 6. A few mechanical drawings with similar information to that called for in No. 5. 7. A few architectural drawings with similar information to that called for in No. 5. 8. Specimens of writing-books. 9. Specimens of other manual productions. 10. Latest circulars, catalogues and reports. 11. As many blank forms, etc., as convenient. 13. Volumes of writings by members of the faculty. You will kindly arrange the above matter in bound volumes and portfolios, and forward* the same to Prof. C. WeHman Parks (Superintendent of Group II of this Exposition), 1825 Fifth Avenue, Troy, N.Y., at your earliest convenience, in order that he may arrange the matter for early shipment to Paris. ' Yours respectfully, William B. Frakklin, United States Commissioner-General. SOMERVILLE P. TuCK, United States Assistant Commissioner-General. [Form 51.] CracuLAR No. 9. UNITED STATES COMMISSION TO THE PAKIS EXPOSITION OF 1889. [William B. Franklin, Commissioner-General ; Somekville P. Tuck, Assistant Commissioner-General.] Washington Building, No. 1 Broadway, New York, N. Y. January 35, 1889. Dear Sir: Tliis Commission desires the United States Educational Exhibit at the Paris Exposition of 1889 to be as valuable to the student as possible; and while due attention will be paid to the artistic eflfect of the exhibit, no pains will be spared to secure and classify all statistical information and other educational matter that might induce the student to remain and investigate. Your co-operation, therefore, in furtherance of this object, would be greatly appre- ciated. Believing the library to be one of our most important educational institu- tions, the Commission has prepared this circular, asking you to contribute as much of the matter mentioned below as your records will permit: 1. Latest reports and classified catalogue. 3. A copy of charter of incorporation. 3. Photographic views and architects' drawings of library, reading-room, museum, and working-room. 4. Large printed cards showing the number of people in the city, town, or society; the number of persons who have taken out books during the year of 1888; the number of volumes of each class of literature taken out of the library; the number of volumes of each class given out for reference in the library; the papers and magazines kept in reading-room during the year, and the number of readers. 5. Specimen blank forms, cards, etc. , mounted on cards. * Send by mail, free of postage, by securely fastening to each package one of the penalty tags inclosed herewith. EEPORT or COMMISSIONEK-GENEEAL APPENDIX I. 231 Please correct and arrange this matter in a portfolio, and forward* to Prof. C. Wellman Parks (Superintendent of Group II of this Exposition), 1835 Fifth Avenue, Troy, N. Y.; at your earliest convenience, so that he may arrange it for early ship- ment to Paris. Yours respectfully, William B. Franklin, United States Commissioner-Oeneral. SOMERVILLE P. TUOK, United States Assistant Commissioner-Oeneral. [Form 39.] Please fill out, sign and return this blank immediately in the FEANKED envelope inclosed herewith. To THE United States Commission, Paris Universal Exposition op 1889. 1 Broadway, New York City, N. Y, EDUCATIONAL BLANK. Name of institution: Location: Date of foundation: Name of president: Whole Qumber of students (unclassified): Number of male students: Number of female students: Number of post-graduate students: Is it co-educational? Has it a preparatory department? Has it professional schools ? If so, name them: List of text books: List of periodicals published by faculty and students: What is the number of instructors in each school or coUege? How many students in each school or college? How many students in preparatory department? What is the age of admission ? What is total amount of endowment ? What is the average cost of tuition? What is the income? If sectarian, state the denomination: Blank filled out by (Full name) (Address) * Send by mail, free of postage, by securely fastening to each package one of the penalty tags inclosed herewith. 232 UNIVEESAL EXPOSITION OF 1889 AT PAEIS. LForm 57.] PAEIS UNIVERSAL EXPOSITION OF 1889. Collection to Illustk^tb the Minebal BssonscES of the United States. No. Nature of ore _ Name of mine Locality Name of Collector or Donor This label, when filled out, should be folded and placed next the ore, inside the wrapper. [Form 56.] ClRCULAB No. 10. UNITED STATES COMMISSION TO THE PAEIS EXPOSITION OF 1889. [William B. Franklin, Commissioner-General ; Somerville P. Tuck, Assistant Commissioner-Gteneral.] Washington Building, No. 1 Broadway, New York, N. V. [Parisofllces, 27 Avenue de la Bourdonnais. Cable addresses: New York, "Universal," P£iris, "Useom."] Jaxuart 39, 1889. Directions for selecting and forwarding specimens to illustrate the mineral re- sources of the United States at the Paris Universal E.vposition of 1889. Specimens should show the general nature of the ore, and have freshly broken, clean faces. The size, so far as possible, should be about 5 inches squai-e, or 5 to 6 inches, and from 2 to 3 inches thick. Such specimens, accompanied by descriptive labels, may be sent by mail, free of postage, under penalty tags whicli will be forwarded for that piu-pose. The sample should be first wrapped thoroughly in paper, and then sewed up in cloth or placed in a small sack. An invoice should be sent at the same time, and the name of the sender should be written upon the back of the tag. The label written in pencil, stating tlv nature of the ore, the name of the claim or mine, and the locality, with the name of the collector or donor, should be folded and placed next to the specimen inside of the wrapper. Statistics of production and printed reports concerning the property are desired. William B. Franklin, United States Commissioner-Oeneral. SoMERiLLE P. Tuck, United States Assistant Oommissioner-OeneraJ. EEPOBT OP COMMISSIONERGENEEAL— APPENDIX I. 233 [Form 58.] CiRCULAE No. 11. PAEIS UNIVERSAL EXPOSITION OF 18S9. Office of the United States Commission, WASHiNaTON BuiLDiNa, No. 1 Broadway, New York, N. Y. SHIPPING INSTRUCTIONS. Special attention in called to the following shipping instructions. Compliance therewith in every detail is necessary to insure the proper delivery of exhibits at the grounds of the Paris Universal Exposition of 1889. SHIPPING MARK AND LABELS. 1. Mark on each case or package in 6-inch letters within a circle (E.U.) 2. Paste one of the inclosed labels on each end, and one on top of each case or package, making three in all. As an additional precaution tack each corner. 3. Enter in space provided on each label the exhibitor's name and address, the total number of cases making up consignment, and the consecutive number in each case. . 4. The weight in pounds and the number of cubic feet, outside measurement, of each case must be specified in blank space provided on each label. INVOICES. 5. The exhibitor must make five copies of the invoice, for which purpose blank invoices are inclosed. 6. Send three by mail, when shipping goods, with bill of lading, inclosed in the accompanying envelope. Securely fasten one on the inside of the lid of the box, in the package, or to the article to which it refers. Should there be more than one box or package, the invoice must accompany No. 1. Retain one. 7. Your consignment must be sent by fast freight, when possible, and charges paid to New York. 8. The forwarding of your exhibit to New York is requested at the earliest date. If impracticable to forward as a whole, ship such portion of it weekly as possible, commencing January 28. It will facilitate shipment from New York if you can arrange to have your goods arrive on Wednesday or Thursday of each week. 9. Consign your goods on bUl of lading to General William B. Franklin, New York, and forward bill of lading and invoices by mail direct to the Commission, No. 1 Broadway, New York City. 10. Upon arrival of your exhibit at New York, this Commission will cause the same to be transferred from rail or boat terminus to steamer at your expense, and will send you bUl for cartage, accompanied by the Commission's receipt. William B. Franklin, Commissioner- General. Sombrville p. Tuck, Assistant Commissioner-General. 234 TJNIVEKSAL EXPOSITION OF 1889 ^T PAEIS. ClECULAB. EEIMPOETATION OF AETICLES SENT TO THE PARIS EXHIBITION OF 1889. [1889. Department No. 31, Division of Customs ] Treasury Department, Office of the Secretary, Washington, D. C, March 23, 1889. To Officers of the Customs and others : Manufactures, articles, or wares produced or manufactured in the United States, which may be sent to the Paris Exhibition of 1889 for exhibition, will, upon their return to the United States, be admitted to free entry, upon compliance with the following requirements — that is to say, shippers, at the time and port of exporta- tion, shall file at the custom-house a manifest showing the marks and numbers of the packages, together with an invoice or statement specifying the contents of such packages (which documents may, if the shippers so desire, be filed by Mr. Somer- viQe P. Tuck, Assistant Commissioner-General of such Exhibition, whose office is at No. 1 Broadway, New York, and who will act as their agent for such purpose), and shall, upon return of the packages, produce certificates either from the Director or other proper oflicers of the said Paris Exhibition, duly authenticated by a United States minister or consular officer, or by a statement of the consignees at the foreign port from which the reimportations may be made, certified by a proper officer of the customs at that port, as required by Department's circular of March 31, 1886, which documents shall fully identify the goods. Paintings and other works of art, the production of foreign schools of art, which may be now owned in this country by residents of the United States, and which may be loaned to the French Department of Fine Arts of said Paris Exhibition of 1889 for exhibition, will also, upon their return to the United States, be exempted from the payment of duty upon their identity being established in the manner hereinbefore prescribed, that is, by the records of the custom-house at the port of exportation and the production of statements or certificates from the director or other officer in charge of the Fine Arts Department of said Exhibition, duly au- thenticated by a United States minister or consular officer, showing that they are the same articles which were loaned by residents of the United States for such Exhibition. "W. Windom, Secretary. [Form 65.1 Circular No. 13. united states commission to the PARIS exposition of 1889. [WiLUAM B. Franklin, Commissioner-General; Somerville P. Tuck, Assistant Coramissioner-Generjil.] Washington Building, No. 1 Broadway, Netr York. X. Y. [Paris OfBoes, 27 Avenue de la Bourdomiais, Cable addressees: New York, "Universal;" Paris, " Usoom."] February 13, 1889. Gentlemen : This Commission desires to collect a complete list of the catalogues and prospectuses of the electrical industries and allied interests of the United States, for the purpose of making an exhibit at the Paris Exposition of 1889 that will thor- oughly represent the various enterprises engaged in these industries in this country. KEPORT OF COMMISSIONEB-GENEBAL — APPENDIX I. 235 You are respectfully requested to send to this Commission at once, in duplicate, such catalogues and general literature as have been issued by your company. Send by mail, free of postage, by pasting to your package the inclosed label con- taining the printed address of the Commissioner-Oeneral. Yours respectfully, William B. Franklin, United States Commissioner-Oeneral. Somerville p. Tuck, United States Assistant Commissioner-Oeneral. N. B. — This Commission is collecting for the Electrical Department of the Expo- sition an album of photographs and drawings representing electric plants, installa- tions, factories, machines, and instruments constructed in the United States. The Commission would be glad to have you likewise contribute to the completion of this exhibit. [Form 66.] Circular No. 14 UNITED STATES COMMISSION TO THE PARIS EXPOSITION OF 1889. Washington Building, No. 1 Broadway, New York, N. Y. March 1, 1889. It will prevent delay in the issue of admission tickets to the Exposition if exhib- itors win send by mail, prepaid, two copies of their photographs (carte de visite size, 4 by 2 inches), to the United States Commission, 27 Avenue de la Bourdonnais, Paris, France. The fuH name and address of the person to whom the ticket is to be issued should be inclosed therewith, together with the exhibitor's number. An application for extra tickets, when such are desired, should also be inclosed, ac- cording to paragraph 3 of the following extract from the French Official Regula- tions. For the information of exhibitors the following translation has been made from the official regulations relating to admissions: 1. A single gratuitous admission ticket will be issued to each exhibitor, or to his agent duly authorized, which will be delivered only to the exhibitor or his agent, and to the latter on the written request of'the exhibitor. 2. If, in consequence of the size or importance of the exhibit, the services of one or more attendants are required, the exhibitor must apply for tickets for the num- ber desired, which application will be passed upon by tlie French Administration and a special certificate issued for the admission of such employes as are considered necessary. 3. The price of admission to the Exposition is as foUows: Day Admission— One Franc per person during the hours of general admission; Two Francs per person during the hours devoted to students. Evening Admission— Two Francs per per- son during the week; One Franc per person on Sunday. The price of tickets for evening entertainments will be regulated hereafter. 4. Subscription Tickets — One Hundred Francs per person for the entire period of the Exposition. These will bear the name of the person to whom they are issued, must be signed by him, and he must reproduce his signature on a special register at the request of the ticket collectors. Any ticket that is transferred will 236 UNIVERSAL EXPOSITION OF 1889 AT PAEIS. be confiscated, aiid the person so transferring his ticket and the person making use of a ticket not belonging to him wiU be prosecuted according to law. 5. There will be no free admission except by the non-transferable personal tickets issued to exhibitors, their agents and employe, and officials; and referred to m section 1 above. Wiixiam B. Fkanklin, United States Commissioner-Oeneral. SOMERVILLE P. TtTCK, United States Assistant Commissioner-General. [Sjieeial circular to the press.] Office of the United States Commission TO THE Paeis Exposition of 1889. No. 1 Broadway, New York City, N. Y., December 7, 1888. To the Editor: Dear Sir; I send you herewith a synopsis of the Social Economy Exhibit to be held in connection with the Paris Universal Exposition of 1889, thin kin g that the particulars concerning American contributions may interest the readers of your valuable paper. If you are of this opinion, the Commission will be glad to have you publish the article, in whole or in part. Yours respectfully, SOMERVILLE p. TDCK, Assistant Commissioner-General. Mr. Georges Berger, fhe Director-General of the Paris Universal Exposition of 1889, has issued a brochure of 150 pages, on the " Exposition d'Economie So- ciale," which is to be held in connection with the main Exposition. The Exposition of Social Economy is divided into fifteen sections, the second of which is devoted to profit-sharing and productive co-operation. Mr. Charles Robert, No. 15 Rue de la Banque, Paris, is president of this section, and several noted profit-sharing employ- ers are membei's of the Commission. The other sections embrace wages, appren- ticeship, union aid societies, retiring and hfe pensions, accident and life insurance, savings, co-operative distribution,workmen's homes and reci'eations, banks, hygiene, and large and small indvistries. The commissioners in charge embrace the leading economists and experts of Fi-ance. A large part of the pamphlet is devoted to a series of questions to provide for a preliminary inquiry under each head. An important feature of this exhibit will be the reports, documents, books, etc., relating to social economy, with particu- lar attention paid to the making of charts and plans. The United States Commission to the Exposition will contribute the complete works of the twenty-two state bureaus of labor statistics ui this country, makmg a collection of seventy-five volumes, and the presentation therewith of the literature, so far as America is concerned, relating to jirofit-sharing and co-operation. A thorough and comprehensive work on profit-sliai-ing between employer and em- ployes, by Rev. Nicholas P. Oilman, is now in press, and will also be placed on exliibition. Mr. Oilman has furnished Mr. Charles Robert, through the U. S. Assist- ant Commissioner-General, Somerville P. Tuck, with a list of the principal profit- sharing firms in this co)mtry, as Mr. Robert desired to stimulate them tlu-riigh per- sonal correspondence to make certain forms of exhibits which would greatly add to the interest of the Exposition. The manufactures by profit-sliaring firms will be found in their appropriate places in the main Exposition. A full programme of REPORT OF COMMISSIONER-GENERAL APPENDIX I. 237 lectures and discussions on all the subject-matters of the fifteen sections will be held, and reports made from various countries. M. Berger states that the principal object of the exhibit is to make uninformed employers and workmen familiar with the methods of those who have proved successful in the same line of work, and to present to the world an impartial survey of social economy at the close of the nine- teenth century, with its gradual development, actual condition, and probable out- paeis universal exposition of 1889. Office of the United States Commission, 37, Avenue de la Bourdonnais, Paris (France), April 10, 1889. Sm: This is to inform you that as an exhibitor you are entitled to free admission to the grounds and buildings of the Universal Exposition. In order to avail yourself of this privilege, you must send, immediately, to the above address, two photographs, carte de visite size 0™, 107 by 0"°, 065, with your full name, nationality, and present address plainly written upon the back of each. Messrs. Van Bosch & Co., 10, Boulevard Montmartre, have notified the United States Co mmi ssion that they wiU take the photographs required free of charge. William B. Franklin, Commissioner-GemraJ. [Form. 63.] CmcuLAB No. 13. pabis universal exposition of 1889. Office of the United States Commission, washington building, no. 1 broadway, new york, n. y. [William B. Franklin, Commissioner-General; Somerville P. Tuck, Assistant Commissioner- General.] February 1, 1889. information FOR THE JURY. To Exhibitors: Exhibitors are requested to fill out the accompanying blank and forward it at once in the inclosed franked envelope to General WiUiam B. Franklin, United States Commissioner-General, Washington Building, No. 1 Broadway, New York, N. Y. If the spaces opposite each question are not adequate, the answers can be written on the opposite page, or on separate sheets of paper, attached and numbered to CO; respond. Catalogues, price-lists, and all other information published by exhibitors should also be forwarded as above. Immediate attention must be given to this request. William B. Franklin, United States Commissioner-General. SOMERVILLE P. TUCK, United States Assistant Commissioner-General. 238 UNIVERSAL EXPOSITION OP 1889 AT PAEIS. INFORMATION FOR JURY TO ACCOMPANY EACH EXHIBIT. Exhibitors must immediately answer the following questions, so far as possible, and forward this blank, properly filled out, in the inclosed franked envelope, to Gen- eral William B. Franklin, United States Commissioner-General, Washington Build- ing, No. 1 Broadway, New York, N. Y. Questions. Nature of the ejtliibit. Number of application. Where produced or manufactured. Extent and capacity of works. Kind and quantity of power used. ( Men. Number of persons employed, -i Women. ( Children. Extent and value of the annual production. Business— when commenced. Markets and place of consumption. Soui'ces of materials used. Pecuharities of the object shown, or of the manufacture. State all considerations relate ing to invention, discovery, utility, quahty, skill, workmanship, fitness for purpose inten- ded, adaptation to public wants, economy and cost. Special or particular claim of merit to which the exhibitor desires to call the attention of the jury. What prizes have been awarded to the exhib- itors at previous International Exhibitions ? State what special provision has been made, if any, for the promotion of health, morals, and education of the workmen. Give signature in full of the applicant for space, with place of business and date; state also agent's name and address. Agent in Paris Answer. Name in full Post-office address REPORT OF COMMISSIONER-GENEKAL- — APPENDIX I. 239. paris universal exposition of 1889. United States Commission, 1 Broadway, New York, N.Y. Application fw space No. Group No. Class No - The undersigned (') to exhibit the articles specified below ; (») . will be needed of the following dimensions: axea. Floor space : Wall space : , doing business at O - -, make application , for the installation of which, space (■*) length, height, — j- width [Signature] (1) state individual, firm or company name in full, i2) State address of office and works in full. (.3) Give complete description of articles in detail. State if it is desired to exhibit macliines or other objects requiring foundations or special constructions, and furnish a sketch of these founda- tions or constructions, with side elevations. In case it is desired to exhibit apparatus requiring the use of water, gas, or steam, state the necessary quantity and pressure of each. If it is desired to show machines in operation, state the speed of each of them, and the power required, expressed in horse-power. (4) These dimensions should include those of the show-cases, counters, or platforms necessary for the instaUation of the articles. Scale drawings of show-cases must be furnished. 2 §■ 1| O !zi O a 15 p ft a, ■^ 15 -5 3 I ^ !h ^ -» S t8 c« 5 S S «3 A Cu (^ cu <0'^< at ^s 4^ u^ 'r; 240 UNIVERSAL EXPOSrriOK OF 1889 AT PAEIS. paris univeesal exposition of 1889. United States Commission, 1 Broadway, New Yoek, N. Y. Application for Space No. . Oroup No. 1. Class No. The undersigned, a citizen of the United States (Full name) . Address Place of birth - Makes application to exhibit the articles specified below (') - Titles and descriptions . Owner and price . Where to be returned . Names of masters . Recompenses . For the installation of which, space will be needed of the following dimensions («) : length, height, width, Area. Floor space . Wall space . Date . [Signature] 1 Give complete description of articles in detail, as it will form the basis of the catalogue entry. If for sale, state price. If not entered for competition, mention it. State if it is desired to exhibit ob- jects requiring show-cases or platforms. 2 These dimensions should include those of the frames, showcases, counters or platforms necessary for the installation of the articles. This blank must not be used to enter works by different artists. SSI'S 'PI o <» a> ^ Qj S 2 s s_ & ft ft O. (U f^ ^llt^E^E^;!;! REPORT OF COMMISSIONER-aENERAL APPENDIX I. 241 United States Commission to the Paris Universal Exposition oe ] [William B.FnANKLiN.Commissioner-General.— Somerville P. Tucs, Assistant Commissioner-General.] Washington Building, No. 1 Broadway, New. York, N. Y. PERMIT FOR SPACE. New York City, 188— M- Referring to your application for space to exhibit at the Exposition above named, you have been allotted space as follows : In Group Class Inclosed is a blank acceptance, which you are requested to fill in, sign and re- turn at once. You will hereafter receive instructions as to labels, invoice and ship- ing. Commissioner-Oeneral. H. Ex. 410 16 242 TJNIVEESAL EXPOSITION OF 1889 AT PARIS. [Please fill up, sign, and return this blank immediately.] To the United States Commission, Paris Univeesal Exposition of 1889. 1 Broadway, New York, N. Y. : Sirs : The undersigned hereby accept — the space allotted to - , at the Exposition above named, and agree to occupy the space creditably, and in accord- ance with the rules of the Commission. Labels are required for cases, which will measure cubic feet, and weigh pounds,* and it is agreed that the exhibit shall be ready for shipment from place of business not later than Jan- uary 15, 1889. Dated . Name, . Address, Give approximate weight and measurement if you cannot state them * This is most important exactly. a Oi c 00 1 O O 5 » m o o o E-i Q H i, 16 I fn CO 02 ri 5 S o REPORT OF OOMMISSIONEE-GENEEAL — APPENDIX I. 243 [Form 59.] UNITED STATES COMIDBSION TO THE PARIS UNIVERSAL EXPOSITION OF 1889. [WilmamB. Fbanklin, Commissioner-General; SombrvilleP.Tuok, Assistant Commissioner-General.] Washington Building, No. 1 Broadway, New York, N. Y. RECEIPT. New York, )*T. Y., , 1889. Received of packages coutaining articles for exhibition at tlie Paris- Universal Exposition, of 1889, at Paris. From exhibitor, , on which the following charges are due by the exhibitor above named. Transportation Terminal Total Exhibit No. . Condition . For the Commissioner-General, ti O !zi O I O o ^ S I o <4-l M o 13 o > ■5^5 13 M |Zi H -5) 244 TJNnrEESAL EXPOSITIOK OF 1889 AT PAEIS. [Form 47.] If an agent is to be employed, please fill up, sign, and return this blank immediately. Exhibit No. . General William B. Franklin, United States Commissioner-General, Paris Universal Exposition of 1889, No. 1 Broadway, New York, N. F. Sir: You are hereby notified that is authorized to take charge of exhibit No. , to attend to all matters in connection therewith, and rep- resent ■ Naine, — Address, Date, — ■ as fully as if - • personally present ■ [Form 48.] Secord of shipments Exposition goods to Paris, 1889. Exhibitor. Address. Estimate. I Steamer. Disburse, ments. Remarks. REPORT OF COMMISSIONER-GENERAL — APPENDIX I. 245 [Form 49.] paris universal is: position of 1889. United States Commission. Invoice. Exhibit No. Name, Address, — How shipped, — Date, . Number of cases, No. of each case. Ezactr dimensions of each case. Weight in pounds. Description of contents of each case. Estimated value. Shipped to - Signature of exhibitor. William B. Franklin, Commissioner-General. § |Z5 o iz; g 9 >< o o i 1 n P" g a m S 1^ o O > s o IZi 3 01 ^ S-H S ^ I I fe "S - CO ^ o H M ^ '^ u2 3 > a o o O 246 UNIVEESAL EXPOSITION" OP 1889 AT PABIS. INSTRtrCnONS. 1. All cases must be labeled with the accompanying labels and in accordance with the instructions thereon. / 2. Should there be more than one article in a case, give description of each in the fourth column, and value opposite in the fifth column. 3. Covers of cases must be fastened on with screws. 4. Ship by fast freight when possible, and charges paid to address hereafter to be furnished by the Commission. 5. The commissioners will take every precaution to secure the careful handling and transportation of articles, but it must be distinctly understood that they will not insure, nor will the United States Commission be in any way responsible for damage or loss. 6. The exhibitors must make five copies of this invoice and dispose of them as follows: Send three by mail at the time of shipping goods, pinned to the bill of lading, to the United States Commission, No. 1 Broadway, New York City. Seciu'ely fasten one on the inside of the lid of the case or to the article to which it refers. Retain one. (N. B.— Should there be more than one case, the invoice must accompany No. 1.) United States flag, printed in colors. Group From Exhibit No.- TotalNo. of Weight- Number of this Case Measurement, cubic feet- With dispatch and care. Keep dry. UNTVEESAL EXPOSITION OF 1889 AT PARIS. United States CoifHissiON'. To Gen'l WTTJ.TAM B. FRANKLIN, Conanissioner-Oeneral. Champ de Mars, Paris, France. Paint on each case fE.U.l in 6 inch letters. Paste One of these Labels on each end and one on top of the case, making three in all. Tack each Comer. REPORT OF COMMISSIONER-GENERAL APPENDIX I. 2-47 The United States, to Dr. on account of appropriation for the Paris Eieposition of 1889. (Public Resolution, No. 11, approved May 10, 1888.) Received at , this — - day of , 188 — , from William B. Fi-anklin, Com- - dollars, in full payment of the above accoimt. missioner-General, the sum of - To be signed in duplicate by principals only. o IZi I o o Pm ■< O o h CD O o o ^ ^ I fl H O IZh H S , n to n. 1 a Stat eral t , 1889. 1 1 fcbl To- ExhibitNo. . Class - Number of this case . . Total No. of Cases . Weight Dounds. Cubic feet - APPENDIX J. SYNOPSIS OF CLASSIFICATION. UNIVERSAL EXPOSITION OF 188D AT PARIS. Group I.— Works of Art. Class 1. Oil paintings. 3. Paintings of different kinds and drawings. 3. Sculpture and engravings on medals. 4. Architectural drawings and models. 5. Engravings and lithographs. Group II.— Education and Instruction.— Apparatus and Processes used in THE Liberal Arts. Class 6. Education of young children. Primary instruction. Instruction of adults. 7. Organization and appliances for secondary instruction. 8. Organization, methods, and appliances for higher instruction. 9. Printing and books. 10. Stationery, bookbinding, and articles used in painting and dra-n-ing. 11. Ordinary application of the arts of drawing and modeling. 13. Photographic proofs and apparatus. 13. Musical insti'uments. 14. Medicine and surgery. Veterinary and comparative medicine. 15. Instruments of precision. 16. Geographical and cosmographical maps and apparatus. Topography. Group III. — Furniture and Accessories. Class 17. Cheap and fine furniture. 18. Uphplstiners' and decorators' work. 19. Crystal, glass, and stained-glass. 30. Ceramics. 31. C'arpets, tapestry, and other fabrics used in house-fui'nishing. 33. Decorated papers. 38. Cutlery, 34. Goldsmiths' and silversmiths' worlv. 35. Art bronzes and castings. Artistic iron work and repousse metal work. 36. Watches and clocks. 37. Apparatus and processes for heating. Apparatus and processes for lighting otherwise than by electricity. 38. Perfumery. 39. Leatlier work. Fancy wooden articles. Baskets and brushes. 358 REPORT OF COMMISSIONER-GENERAL —APPENDIX J. 259 Group IV.— Textile Fabkics.— "WEARiNa Apparel and Accessories. Class 30. Cotton thread and fabrics. 31. Thread and fabrics of hemp, flax, etc. 33. Threads and fabrics of combed wool. Threads and fabrics of carded wool. 33. Silks and silk fabrics. 34. Laces, n^t, embroidery, and trimmings. 35. Articles of hosiery and underclothing. Accessories of wearing apparel. 36. Wearing apparel of both sexes. 37. Jewelry and precious stones. 38. Portable weapons, hunting. 89. Articles of traveling and camp equipage. 40. Toys. Group V.— Extractive Arts.— Raw and Manufactured Products. Class 41. Products of mining and metallurgy. 42. Products of forest growth and forest industries. 43. Products of hunting. Products of fisheries. Apparatus and instruments for fishing and for gathering fruits of natural growth. 44. Agricultural products not used for food. 45. Chemical and pharmaceutical products. 46. Chemical methods of bleaching, dyeing, printing, and finishing. 47. Leather and skins. Group VI.— Apparatus and Processes of Mechanical Industries.— Elec- tricity. Class 48. — Apparatus and methods of working mines and of metallurgy. 49. Apparatus and methods of farming and forestry. 50. Apparatus and methods used in agricultural work and food industries. 51. Apparatus used in chemistry, pharmacy, and tanning. 53. Machines and apparatus of general mechanics. 53. Machine tools. 54. AppUances and methods of spinning and rope-making. 55. Apparatus and methods of weaving. 56. Appliances and methods of sewing and making articles of clothing. 57. Appliances and methods of manufacture of articles for furniture and dwelUngs. 58. Appliances and methods of paper manufacture, coloring, and printing. 59. Machines, instruments, and methods used in various occupations. 60. Carriage-making, wheelwrights' work, harness-making, and saddlery. 61. Raihroad appliances. 63. Electricity. 63. Appliances and methods of civil engineering, of public works, and archi- tecture. 64. Hygiene and public charities. 65. Navigation and life-saving. 66. Apparatus and methods of the art of war. Group VII.— Food Products. Class 67. Cereals. Farinaceous products with their derivatives. 68. Products of the bakery and pastry shop. 69. Fat substances used for food, milk products, and eggs. 260 UNIVERSAL EXPOSITION OF 1889 AT PARIS. Group VII.— Food Products— Continued. Class 70. Meats and fishes. 71. Vegetables and fi-uits. 73. Condiments and stimulants; sugar, and products of confectionery. 73. Fermented drinks. Group VIII.— Agriculture, Cultivation of the Vine, and Fish Culture. Class 73 Bis. Agronomy. Agricultural statistics. 73 Ter. Organization, methods, and appliances of agricultural instruction, 74. Specimens of farm improvements and agricultural works. 75. Vine cultivation. 76. Useful and injurious insects. 77. Fish, Crustacea and mollusks. Group IX.— Horticulture. Class 78. Conservatories and horticultural apparatus. 79. Flowers and ornamental plants. 80. Vegetables. 81. Fruits and fruit ti'ees. 83, Seeds and saplings of forest species. 83. Hothouse plants. Social Economy. Section I. Remuneration of Labor. II. Profit-sharing. III. Trade Syndicates. IV. Apprenticeship. V. Mutual Aid Societies. VI. Superannuation Funds and Annuities. VII. Accident and Life Insurance. VIII. Savings. IX. Food Co-operative Associations. X. Credit Co-operative Associations. XI. Workmen's Dwellings. XII. Workmen's Clubs. XIII, Social Hygiene. XIV. Institutions Established by Employers for Benefit of Employes. XV. Large and Small Factories and Farms. XVI, Economic Inter • rtion of the State. APPE^NDIX K. CLASSIFIED CATALOGUE OF UNITED STATES EXHIBITORS. group 1.— wobks op art. Class 1. — Oil Paintings. Allen, Thomas, born at St. Louis, Mo. 1. Cattle. Allen, William S., bom at New York, N. Y. Masters: Lefebvre, Claude Monet, Bouguereau. 2. Evening by the Lake. Anderson, A. Archibald, born at New York. Masters: Bonnat, Cormon, and Collin. 3. Portrait- of the Right Rev. A. C. Coxe, bishop of western New York. Bacher, Otto H., bom at Cleveland, Ohio. Masters: Boulanger, Lefebvre, C. F. Duran. 4. Richfield Center, Ohio. Bacon, Henry, born at Boston, Mass. Master: Cabanel. 5. Astray. Baird, William. 6. EnFamille. Barnard, Edward H. , bom at Belmont, Mass. Masters:Lefebvre, Collin, and Otto Grundman, 7. Pastime in the Middle Age. Beaux, Miss. 8. Portrait. Beckwith, J. Carroll, bom at Han- nibal, Mo. Master: Carolus-Duran. Recompcr.re: Honorable mention, Salon of i887. 9. A Lady of California. 10. Portrait of William Walton. 11. Portrait of a Child. (Owner, H. W. Poor, New York.) Bell, Edward A., born at New York, N. Y. Master: Edw. A. Bell. 13. Portrait. Benson, Frank W. , born at Salem, Mass. Masters: Jules Lefebvre and Gus- tavo Boulanger. 13. In Summer. Bieney, William Verplanck, born at Cincinnati, Ohio. Masters: Julius Benzur and Wilhelm Lindenschurst, of Munich. 14. Dolce far Niente, representing a Southern colored waiter boy taking his ease during working hours. 15. The Labor Question in the South, representing a colored boy cleaning silverware on a terrace. BiSBiNG, Henry S., born at Philadel- phia, Pa. Master. M. F. de VuiUe- froy. 16. The Siesta on the Beach. Blackstone, Mrs. Sadie, born at Hali- fax, Nova Scotia. Masters: Sima- bildi and de Montaland. 17. Senlisse; Valley of Chevreuse. Blashfield, Edwin Howland, born at New York, N. Y. Master: L^on Bon- nat. 18. Inspiration. (Owner, Col. H. M. Boies.) 19. Portrait. (Owner, C. E. Wilbur.) Blitm, Robert F., born at Cincinnati, Ohio. Recompense: Gold medal, American Art Association. 30. Venetian Lace Workers. BOGGS, Frank M., born at New York, N. Y. Master: M. Ger6me. 31. Saint-Germain des Pres. (Owner, M. Diot.) 32. View of Dordrecht. (Ovmer, M. Diot.) 23. Place de la Bastille, Paris. (Owner, French Government.) 261 262 UNIVERSAL EXPOSITION Oi' 1889 AT PARIS. Catalogue of exhibitors— Class 1. BoYDEN, Frederick D., born in Boston, Mass. Masters: Boulanger and M. J. Lefebvre. 24. Pastures at Cape Ann, Massachu- % setts. BsANDEOEE, ROBERT B., bom at Berlin, Conn. Master: M. Jacquesson de la Chevereuse. 25. Portrait. Brbck, John L. 26. Autumn. 27. The First Born. Brichee, Alfred T., born at Ports- mouth, N. H. 28. On the Rockbound Coast of Massa- chusetts. Bridgman, Frederick Arthur, bom at Tuskagee, Ala. Master: J. L. Ge- rome. Med. 3d class 1887, 2d class 1878 (E. S.), * 1878. 39. The Pirate of Love. 30. F^te of the Prophet at Oued-el- Kebir (Blidah). 31. Negro Fete at Blidah. 33. Horse Market at Cairo. 33. Portrait of Mme. B. 34. On the House-tops, Algiers. Bristol, John Bunyan, born at Hills- dale, N. Y. Master: Henry Ary, Hudson, N. Y. Recompense: Medal, Centennial Exposition of 1876. 85. Haying Time, near Middlebury , Vt. Brooks, Maria, born in England. Stu- dent of South Kensington School of Art, and Schools of the Royal Acad- emy, London, England. Recom- penses: 2 gold, 1 silver, 3 bronze med- als ; Crystal Palace, London, 1878; Dipl., 3d order of Merit, Melbourne, etc. 36. Ready for a Bow^l. Brown, J. G., born in Scotland. 37. The L o n g s h o r e m a n's Noon. (Owner, W. T. Evans.) 38. New York Street Band. 39. Morning Papors. Brown, Charles Francis, bornatWal- tham, Mass. Masters: Boulanger, Lefebvre, Geronio. 40. Landscape. Butler, Howard Russell, born at New York, N. Y. Masters: Dagnan-Bou- veret, Roll, Gervex, Beckwith. Re- compenses; Honorable Men t ion. Butler, Howard Russell — Continued. Paris Salon, 1886; "Temple" Marine and Land.scape Medal, Philadelphia, 1888. 41. Seaweed Gatherers. 42. Low Tide, Saint Ives, Cornwall, England. 43. Rurales Fording the Yantepec. Butler, George B., bom at New York, N. Y. 44. Portrait of Mrs. Stimson. 4.1. Tambourine Players. Carr, Lyell. 46. Good Luck. Cauldwell, Leslie Giffen, bom at New York, N. Y. Masters : Boulan- ger, Lefebvre, Carolus-Duran. 47. Portrait of my fencing-master, M. Rouge. Chapman, Carlton T. , born at New Lon- don, Ohio. Student at National Acad- emy of Design and Art Students' League, New York. 48. Early Morning in a Harbor. Chase, William M. 49. A City Park. 50. Peace. 51. A Bit of Long Island. 53. Stoneyard. 53. Gowanvis Bay. 54. Portrait of Mother and Child. 55. Portrait of Mrs. C. 56. Portrait of Miss Gill. Coffin, William Anderson, bom at Allegheny City, Pa. Master : Leon Bonnat, Recompense, 3d Hallgarten Prize, National Academv of Design, N. Y.,1886. 57. MoonUght in Harvest. 58. September. 59. Early Moonrise. 60. After the Storm. Cole, J. Foxcroft, bom at Jay, Me. Master : Charles Jacques. Recom- pense, Medal Centennial Exposition of 1876. 61. Abbajona River, Mass. Copeland, Alfred B. 63. Salle Fi-angois !»', Cluny Museum. 63. Study of Interior. Cox, Kenyon, born at Warren, Ohio. Masters : J. L. Ger6nie and Carolus- Duran. 64. Painting and Poetry. REPORT OF COMMISSIONER-GENEEiAL — APPENDIX K. 263 Cox, Kenyon — Continued. 65. Jacob wrestling with the Angel. 66. Portrait of Augustus Saiat-Gaud- ens. (Owner, A. Saint-Gaudens.) 67. Flying Shadows. CuETis, Ralph. 68. View at Venice. Dana, Wm. P. W., bom at Boston, Mass. Master : Eugene Le Poittevia, Med. 3dcl. 1878, Exp. Univ. 69. Christ walking on the Sea. 70. Hay Barges on the Thames. 71. Calm Evening on the Thames. 72. A Good Breeze, moonlight eflfect. DANNAT, William T. Master : M. Mun- kacsy, Medal, 3d class, 1883. 73. A Quartette. 74. A Sacristy in Aragon. 75. Portrait of Miss H. 76. Mariposa. 77. A Study in Red. 78. Une Saduceenne. Daeling, Wilder M. , born at Sandusky, Ohio. Masters : Cormon and H. Mos- ler. 79. Grandma's First Visit. Davis, Charles H. , born at Amesbury, Mass. Masters : Boulanger and Le- febvre. 80. A Winter Evening. 81. The Valley. (Evening.) 83. The HUlside. 83. Evening after the Storm. Delachaux, Leon D. 84. Portrait of Mile. H. 85. Engaging Servants in the Olden Times. Denman H., bom at Brooklyn, N. Y. Master : Carolus-Duran. Honorable Mention, Paris Salon, 1886. 86. OflEering to Aphrodite. (Owner, Mrs. Wallace.) Sewing, Thos. W. . bom at Boston, Mass. Masters : Lefebvre and Boulanger. 87. Lady in Yellow. (Owner, Mrs. J. Gardner.) Dodge, Wm. L., born in Virginia. Mas- ters : Ger6me, Collin, Courtois. 88. David. Dodson, Sarah, P. B. 89. Moming Stars. 90. Meditation of the Holy Vu-gin. Catalogue of exhibitors— Class 1. Dolph, John H., born at Fort Ann, N. Y. Master : Louis VanKuyck, of Antwerp. 91. The Rat retired from the World. DoNOHO, G. RuGEE, bom at Churchill, Miss. Masters: Boulanger, Lefebvre, Bouguereau, and Fleury. 93. La Marcellerie. 93. The Edge of a Forest. Dow, Arthur W. , born at Ipswich, Mass. Masters : Boulanger, Lefebvre, Dou- cet and Paul Delance. 94. At Evening. Dter, Charles Gifford. 95. On the Riva ; Venice. 96. San Giorgio, seen from the Giu- decca ; Venice. Eakins, Thomas. 97. Portrait, Professor Geo. H. Barber. 98. The Dancing Lesson. 99. The Veteran (portrait of Geo. Rey- nolds). Eaton, C. Harry, bom near Akron, Ohio. 100. Landscape. (Owner,W. T. Evans. ) Eaton,Wyatt, bom in Canada. Master: Gerome. 101. Portrait of Miss M. G. R. (Owner, Mrs. S. Reed.) 103. Portrait of Mrs. R. W. G . (Owner, R. W. Gilder.) 103. Portrait of Man with Violin. (Owner, T. Cole. ) 104. Ariadne. (Owner,W. T.Evans). Farny, HenPvY F. , born at Cincinnati, Ohio. 105. Danger. (Owner, A. Howard Hinkle.) Fisher, Mark. 106. Winter Fare. 107. A Ford ; Valley of the Teste. Forbes, Charles F. 108. Portrait of Mile F. F. 109. Portrait. Fowler, Frank, born at Brooklyn, New York. Masters: Carolus-Duran and Cabanel. 110. At the Piano. Freer, Frederick W., born at Chicago, HI. Student at Royal Academy of Fine Arts, Munich. 111. Nude Study. 264 UNIVERSAL EXPOSITION OF 1889 AT PARIS. Catalogue of exhibitors— Class 1. Fuller, Geo., born 1823, died 1884. 113. The Quadroon. (Owner, Mrs. S. D. Warren.) Gardner, Miss Elizabeth Jane, bom at Exeter, N. H. Masters: Bougue- reau and Lefebvre. Medal, 3d class, 1886. 113. Too Imprudent. 114. The Farmer's Daughter. Gaul, Gilbert, born at Jersey City, N.J. 115. Charging the Battery. (Owner, W. T. Evans.) 116. The Wounded Officer. Gay, Edward, born in Ireland. Masters: Jas. M. Hart and Geo. H. Boughton. Recompense: Prize of $3,000 Ameri- can Art Association, New York. 117. The Old Boundary Line. Gay, Walter, born at Boston, Mass. Master: Bonnat. Medal, 3d class, 1888. 118. Charity. 119. Le Benedicite (M. I. P. & B. A.). 120. The Weaver. 131. The Spinners. 133. The Bookworm. 123. A Dominican. GiPPORD. Robert Swain, born at Nau- shon Island, Mass. Master: Albert Van Beest. Recompenses: Centen- nial Medal and American Art Asso- ciation Prize of 83,500. 124. Early Summer. (Owner, Jerome B. Wheeler. 125. Near the Coast. (Owner, New York Metropolitan Museum.) 136. A Kansas Ranch. Gill, Miss R. Lorraine, born at Balti- more, Md. Masters: Wm. M. Chase and Alfred Stevens. 137. The Orchid. Graves, Abbott, born at Weymouth, Mass. Master: M. Cormon. 138. Peonies. 139. Basket of Flowers. Greatorex, Miss Eleanor Elizabeth, born at New York, N. Y. Master: M. Hennor. 130. Tea Roses. Gross, Peter Alfred, born at Allen- town, Pa, Masters: Yon and Petit- jean, 131. Road to the Spring (Liverdun). 138. View of the Moselle (Liverdun). Guise,. Marie, bom at New York, N. Y. Master: Schenck. 133. Haying-time in Ecouen, France. Gutherz, Carl, born in Switzerland. Masters: Boulanger, Lefebvre. 134. Lux incamationis. 135. MemoriaUs. Haas, Maueits F. H. de, born at Rotter- dam, Holland. Master: Louis Meyer. Recompenses: Medal Centennial Ex- position of 1876, and medals from Boston, Cincinnati, etc. 136. On the Fishing Ground. Hamilton, E. W. D. 137. Sandy Plains at Cape Ann, Mass. Hamilton, Hamilton. 138. A September Day. Harrison, Alexander, born at Phila- delphia, Pa. Masters: Bastien Le- page and M. Gerome. 139. Castles in the Air. (Owner, J. G. Johnson.) 140. The Amateurs. (Owner, Chicago Art Institute.) 141. Twilight. (Owner, St. Louis Mu- seum of Fine Arts. ) 143. The Wave. 143. In Ai-cadia. 144. Evening. Harrison, Birge, bom at Philadelphia, Pa. 145. Novembre, Property of French Government. Haerison, Butler, born at Philadel- phia, Pa. Master: M. L. O. Merson. 146. Landscape. Hart, Jas. M., born at Kilmarnock, Scotland. Masters: Wm. Hart and J. W. Shirm. Recompense: Centen- nial medal, 1870. 147. The Rain is Over. 148. In the Autumn Woods. Hassam. Childe, born at Boston, Mass. 149. Twilight. 150. Rue Lafayette; winter evening 151. After Breakfast. 153. Letter from America. Haydkn, Charles Henry, born at Ply- mouth, Mass. Masters: Boulanger, Lefebvre, Collin. 153. Morning on the Plains. Healy, G. P. A., boi-n at Boston. Mass. Mastei-s: Gros and Coutui-e, Med. 3d cl, , Salon 1840,3.1 class 1855 (E. U.). 154. Portrait of M. C. Bis^ot. REPORT OF COMMISSIONER-GElSrERAL — APPEKDIX K. 265 Healy, G. p. a.— Continued. 155. Lord Lytton. 156. King of Eoumania. 157. Study at the Hai-p. 158. Stanley. 159. Portrait of M. Brownson. Hennessy, William J., born in Ire- land. 160. Shrimp Fishers in Normandy. 161. Expiation Pilgrimage, Calvados. , Henry, Edwakd L., born at Charleston, S. C. Master: Paul Weber. Recom- penses: Medals, New Orleans and Chicago. 162. One Hundi-ed Years Ago. 163. The Latest ViUage Scandal. HmcKLEY, Robert, born at Boston, Mass. Master: Carolus-Duran. 164. Portrait of Mr. ClifEord Richard- son. Hitchcock, George, born at Providence, R. I. Masters: Boulanger, Lefebvre, 165. TuUp Culture. (Owner, W. H. Tailor.) 166. Annonciation. 167. Maternity. Hovenden, Thomas, born in Ireland. Master: Cabanel. 168. Last Moments of John Brown. John Brown leaving the jaU on the morning of the execution. (Owner, Mr. Robbins Battell.) Howe, William H., bom at Ravenna, Ohio. Masters: de Thoven and de Vuillefroy. Med. 3d el., 1888. 169. At Rest; September in Normandy. 170. The Return of the Cows; Evening in Normandy. 171. Departure for the Market; Sou- venir of Holland. Howland, Alfred C. , born at Walpole, N. H. Masters: Flamm of Dussel- dorf , and Lambinet of Paris. 173. A Day in June. Huntington, Daniel, born at New York, N. Y. Masters: S. F. B. Morse and G. F. Ferrero. Recompense: 1st class medal. Centennial Exposition, 1876. 178. A Burgomaster of New Amster- dam (New Amsterdam was the orig- inal name of New York). Hyde, W. H. 174. TTio TT irst T?^T"'^^^Q Catalogue of exhibitors— Class ! . Inness, George. 175. A Short Cut to Waohung Station. (Owner, American Art Association.) Irwin, Benoni. 176. An Art Votary. ISHAM, Samuel, born at New York, N. Y. Masters: Jacquessen de la Chevc reuse, Boulanger, and Lefebvre. 177. Study for a Portrait. Johnson, Eastman, born in Maine. 178. Two Men. Jones, H. Bolton. 179. The Old Pasture. Kavanagh, John, born at Cleveland, Ohio. Masters: Loeflftz, Boulanger, Cormon. 180. Washerwomen. 181. Woman of Scheveningen. 183. Shepherd. Kellog, Miss Alice D. , born at Chicago, lU. Masters: Boulanger, Lefebvre, Courtois. 183. Portrait of Miss G. E. K. King, Louise Howland^ born at San Francisco, Cal. Student of Academy of Design and Art Students' League. 184. The Lotos Eaters. Klumpke, Miss Anna E., born at San Francisco, Cal. Masters: T. Robert- Fleury, Bouguereau, and de Vuille- froy. 185. Portrait. Klyn, Charles F. de, born at Tarry- town, N. Y. Masters : J. Lefebvre and Cormon. 186. Women Chatting. 187. A Ray of Sunlight. Knight, Daniel Ridgway, born at Phil- adelphia. Masters: Gleyre and Meis- sonier. Hon. Men., Paris, '83; Med. 3d class, Paris. '88; Gold med. 3d class, Munich, '88. 188. Mourning. 189. Hailing the Ferryman. 190. The Meeting. KOEHLER, Robert, born at Ham^burg. Masters: Defregger and Loefiftz. 191. The Strike. La Chaise, Eugene A., born at New York, N. Y. Masters: G. Boulanger and Lefebvre. 193. Souvenirs of Japan. Lasar, Charles, born at Johnstown, Pa. Master: M. Gerome. — 122. On the Coast of Britany. 266 U]SriVERSAL EXPOSITIO]Sr OF 1889 AT PAKIS. Catalogue of exhibitors— Class 1. Lash, Lee, born at San Francisco, Cal. Masters: Boulanger and M. J. Le- febvre. 194. The Death-Watch. Lock WOOD, Robert W., born at Wilton, Conn. Masters: Schenek and La- farge. 195. Portrait of M. C. LoOMis, EuRiLDA Q. ,,bom at Pittsburgh, Pa. Masters: Boulanger and Le- febvre. 196. Rustic Life in Pioardy. LoRiNG, Francis William, bom at Bos- ton, Mass. 197. Autumn in the VaUey of the Arno. Lyman, Joseph, born at Ravenna, Ohio. 198. On the Beach (at Perce, Canada). McEntee, Jervis, born at Rondout, N. Y. 199. Clouds. 200. A KaatskiU River (Owner, J. C. Cornell). 201. Shadows of Autumn. ( Owner, W. P. Eno.) MacEwen, Walter, bom at Chicago, lU. 202. Returning from Work. 203. A Ghost Story. 204. Stad Herberg, Nieuw Amsterdam (New York) 1650. Macy, William S., born at New Bed- ford, Mass. 205. The Shore of Meacham Lake. Mathews, Arthur F., born in Calif or- nia. Masters: Boulanger and Le- febvre. 206. Pandore. Melchers, J. Gari, born at Deti-oit, Mich. Masters: Boulanger and Le- febvi-e. Med. 3d cl. 1888. 207. Communion. 208. The Sermon. 209. The Pilots. 210. Shepherdess. Mrza, Wilson de, bom at Tarrytown- on-the-Hudson, N.Y. Masters: Bou- langer and Lefebvre. 811. Portrait of a Lady. Millet, F. D., born in Massachusetts. 212. A Handmaiden. (Owner, Geo. T. Seney.) 213. A Difficult Duet. (Owner, Mrs. Raymond.) Miller, Charles Henry, born at New York, N, Y. Student at National Miller, Charles Henry — Continued. Academy of Design and Royal Acad- emy of Bavaria. Recompenses: Gold medals, Boston, New Orleans, and Pliiladelphia. 214. A Bouquet of Oaks, near Jamaica, Long Island, N. Y. Minor, Robert C. 215. Close of Day. (Owner, W. T. Ev- ans.) MOELLER, L. 316. A Doubtful Investment. Monks, Robert Hatton, bom at Bos- ton, M?ss. Masters: Bouguereau and T. Robert-Fleury. 217. A Grey Day. Moore, H. Humphrey. 218. Japanese Views. 319. Japanese Views. 220. Japanese Views. MoRAN, Edward, bom at Bolton, En- gland. Masters: James Hamilton and Paul Weber. Recompenses: Medal, Palette Club, Centennial Exposition, 1876. 281. New York City from the Channel. MoSLER, Henry, bom at New York. Master: M. Hebert. Med. 8d cl. 1888. 232. The Last Sacraments. (Owner, Louisville Polytechnic Association.) 223. Harvest Festival. (Owner, Mrs. Haydock, Cincinnati.) 224. The Last Moments. 225. The Young Bagpiper. (Owner, O. J.Wilson, Cincinnati.) 236. New Yeai-'s Morning. (Owner, Phil D. Armour, Chicago.) The Return. (To be seen at Luxem- bourg Museum.) Nettleton, Walter E. 327. Winnowing; Finistere. Newman, Carl, born at Philadelphia, Pa. 228. Portrait of Mme. X. NicOLL, James Craig, born at New York, N. Y. Master : M. F. H. de Haas. Recompense: First class. New Or- leans Exposition. 839. Sunlight on the Sea. O'Halloran, Miss A. 330. Study. 231. Cottage on the Dutch Downs. Parker, Stephen Hills, born at New York, N.Y. 333. Father Gaspard. EEPOET OF COMMISSIONEE-GENEKAL — APPENDIX K. 267 Pakton, Arthur, born at Hudson, N. Y. 333. In the Month of May. (Owner, W. T. Evans.) 384. Winter on the Hudson. (Owner, American Art Association.) Patrick, J. Douglas. 385. Brutality. Peasce, Charles Sprague, born at Boston, Mass. Master: M. Bonnat. Honorable mention. Salon 1881, 3d cl. gold med. 1888. Gold med. 3d el. 1888, Munich ; grand med. of honor, Ghent, 1888. 336. Shepherdess. 337. Evening. 338. Portrait of Mme. P. 339." Melancholy. Pearce, Louise Catherine, born at Paris, France. Master: Charles Sprague Pearce. 340. Japanese Knickknacks. Perry, Jr., E.Wood, bom at Boston, Mass. Master: T. Couture. 341. Mother and Child. Peters, Clinton, born at Baltimore, Md. Masters: Boulanger, Lefebvre, Gerome, CoUin. 343. Portrait of Dr. G.J. B. Plumb, Henry G. , born at Sherburne,. N.Y. Master: Gerome. 343. The Orphans. Porter, Benjamin Curtis, bom at Mel- rose, Mass. 344. Portrait of a Lady. (Owner, Mrs. Charles Berryman.) Potthast, Edward, born at Cinncinnati, Ohio. Master: M. Cormon. 345. Study: A Yoimg Brittany Girl. Reid, Robert. 346. Study. Reinhart, Charles Stanley, bom at Pittsburgh, Pa. 847. Washed Ashore. 848. Awaiting the Absent. 849. Rising Tide. 850. An Old Woman. 851. The Sea. 353. Fog Eflfect. Remington, Frederick, bom at Canton, N.Y. 353. A Lull in the Fight. Descriptive of an affair on the Staked Plain (Texas), in 1861, as told by a Com- anche " brave" who participated. Catalogue of exhibitors — Class 1. Renouf, A. Vincent, born at New York, N. Y. Masters: Max Thedy and Fi-iUhof Smith. 354. Portrait. Rice,William, M. J.,bornat Brooklyn, N.Y. Masters: Carolus-Duran and J. Carroll Beckwith. 355. Portrait. Richards, Samuel, born at Spencer, Owen Coimty, Indiana . Masters: Strsehuber, Benczur, Gysis, Loefftyz. 356. Evangeline. Richards, William T., born at Phila- delphia, Pa. 357. After a Storm. RoBBiNS, Horace W., born at Mobile, Ala. Master: James M.Hart. 358. A Mountain Road.- ROBiNSON, Theodore. 359. The Bread Carrier. 860. The Forge. Ryder, Platt P., born at Brooklyn, N. Y. Master: Leon Bonnat. 361. A Game at Marbles. (Owner, W. T. Evans.) Sabgent, John S., born at Florence, Italy. Master: M. Carolus-Duran, 3d med. Salon, Paris. 368. Portrait of the Misses B. 368. Portrait of Mrs. W. 364. Portrait of the Misses V. 865. Portrait of Mrs. R. 866. Portrait of Mrs. S. 367. Portrait of Mrs. K. Sawyer, E. D. , born at Watertown, N. Y. Masters: Boulanger and Lefebvre. 868. A Normandy Idyl. Sherwood, Rosina Emmet, born at New York, N. Y. Master: Wm. M. Chase. 369. Portrait. (Owner, J. N. A. Gris- wold.) SHlRLAVsr,WALTER, bom in Scotland. 370. Rufina. Simmons, Edward Emerson, born at Concord, Mass. Masters: Boulanger and M. J. Lefebvre. 371. The Farmer. 378. Night. 378. Study. Smith, de Cost, born at Skaneateles, N. Y. Masters: Boulanger, Lefebvre, Beckwith. etc. 874. Conflicting Faiths, representing an Iroquois holding a Shamanic 268 UNIVERSAL EXPOSITION OF 1889 AT PARIS. Catalogue of exhibitors— Class 1. Smith, de Cost — Continued. mask, symbolizing paganism, and a priest with a rosary, symbolizing Christianity during the period of the French Jesuit missions among the Iroquois in Canada in the eighteenth century. SONNTAQ, William L., born at Cincin- nati, O. 375. A Mountain Stream from the Foot of Mt. Carter, N. H. Stewaet-, Julius L., born at Philadel- phia, Pa. Masters: Zamacois, Ge- rome, and R. de Madrazo. 276. A Court at Cairo. 877. The Seine at Bougival. 878. A Hunt Ball. 879. A Hunt Supper. 280. Portrait of the Baroness B. M. 281. Portrait of the Baroness de B. Stokes, Frank Wilbert, born at Nash- ville, Tenn. Masters: Boulanger, GerOme, and J. Lefebvre. 283. The Orphans. 883. A Good Sermon. Story, Julian Russell, born at Wal- ton-on-Thames, England. 384. The Black Prince finding the Dead Body of the King of Bohemia, after the battle of Crecy (1346). 385. Portrait; reign Louis XVI. 386. Portrait of my Father. Strickland, Charles Hobart. born at New York, N. Y. Masters: Bou- guereau and Fleury. 387. Portrait of Miss X. Tarbell, Edmund C. , born at West Gro- ton, Mass. Masters : Boulanger and Lefebvre. Recompense: Silver Medal, Boston, Mass., 1887. 388. Portrait of Mme T. (Owner, Mme. T.) Thayer, Abbott Henderson, born at Boston, Mass. Master : Ger6me. 389. Winged Figure. (Owner, A. A. Ciirey, Boston.) Theriat, Charles, born nt New York, N.Y. Masters: Boulanger and Le- ft'bvre. 390. Souvenir of Biskra. Thompson, Wordsworth, born at Balti- more, Md. Master: M. Charles Gloyre. 391 . A New Englaaid Farm House. Throop, Frances Hunt, bom at New York, N. Y. Masters: J. Carroll Beckwith and Alfred Stevens. 393. Portrait of Miss C. Tiffany, Louis C. , born at New York, N. Y. 893. Carrying the Boat at Seabright. Tompkins.Frank H. ,bom at Hector,N. Y. 394. Memories. Tkacy, John M. 395. Chesapeake Bay Dog retrieving a Wounded Goose. Truesdell, G. 8. 896. The Shepherd and his Flock. Turner, Charles Y. , bom at Baltimore, Md. Masters: J. P. Laurens, M. Munckacsy, Leon Bonnat. 897. The Days that are No More. Tyler, James G. , bom at Oswego, N.Y. Master: A. Cary Smith. 398. Off Cape Ann. Ulrich, Charles F. 899. In the Land of Promise. (Owner, W. T. Evans.) Vail, Eugene L., born at St. Slalo, France. Masters : Cabanel, Collin, Dagnan-Bouveret. Med. 3d el. 1888. 800. Ready About. 301. Fishing Harbor. 303. TheAVidow. 303. On the Thames. Van BosKERCK, Robert W., bom in New Jersey. Masters : A. H.Wyant, R. S. Gifford. 304. A Rhode Island River. Vedder, ELlHU,born at New York, N.Y. 305. The Fates Gathering in the Stars. 306. The Last ]\Ian. 307. The Death Cup. 808. Love Always Present. VoLK, Douglas. 309. The Puritan Captives. 810. After the Reception. VONNOH, RoB'T William, born at Hart- ford, Conn. Mastei-s : Boulanger and Lefebvre. Gold medal for portraits at Mechanics' Institute, Mass. 311. Studio Comrade. 312. Reverie. Walden, Lionel, born at Norwich. Conn. Master: Carolus-Duran. 313. The Steamer Shah coiuing down the Thames. 814. Fog on the Thames. REPORT OF COMJIISSIOUrER-GENERAL APPENDIX K. 269 Walker, Horatio. 315. A Stye. Ward, Edgar M., bom in Ohio. 316. The Tack Workers. 817. The Rest. Webb, J. Louis, born in Washington, D. C. Master: W.M. Chase. 318. A Studio Corner. Weeks, E. L., born at Boston, Mass. Master: M.Bonnat. 319. TheLast Journey; Souvenir of the Ganges. 330. Hindoo Marriage Procession; Ahmedabad. 331. The Rajah of Jodhpare. 833. Sacred Lake; Study. 338. The Mosque of Vazin Khan, La- hore; Study. Weir, J. Alden, born at West Point, N.Y. Master: G.L.Ger6me. Recom- pense: Honorable Mention. Paris Salon '83. 324. Preparing for Christmas. 325. Lengthening Shadows. (Owner, W.T.Evans.) 336. Portrait of Artist's Child. Whiteman, Samuel Edwin, bom at Philadelphia, Perm. Masters: Bou- langer and M. J. Lefebvre. 827. Moonrise. Whittredge, Worthington, born in Ohio. Recompense: 1st class Medal, Centennial Exposition, 1876. 328. The Old Road to the Sea. (Own- ers. Messrs. Pettus and Curtis.) 329. A Brook in the Woods. WicKBNDEN, Robert John, born at Rochester, England. Masters: Car- roll Beckwith, Chase, Hebert, and Merson. 880. Noon. Wight, Moses, bom at Boston, Mass. Masters: Hebert and Bonnat. 331. Portrait of Mrs. W. Wiles, Irving R. , born at Utica, N. Y. Master: Carolus-Duran. 333. Portrait of a Lady. Witt, J.H. 883. Planning an Apple Cutting. Wood, Ogden, born at New York, N. Y. Masters: School of Fine Arts and M. Van Marcke. 384. Pasture at the Sea-Side.. Catalogue of exhibitors— Class 2. Wood, Thomas Waterman, born at MontpeUer, Vt. 335. The Difficult Text. (Owner, T.N. Vail.) W^YANT, Alexander H., bom in Ohio. Master: Gude. 336. Landscape. (Owner, C. H. de SUver.) Class 3,— Paintings of different kinds, and Drawings. Abbey, Edward A., bom in Philadel- phia, Pa. 337-342. A Love Song. (Six pieces.) 343. Why can'st thou not as others do ? 844, 845. With Jockey to the Fair. (Two pieces.) 846,347. Harvest Home. (Two pieces.) 348,349. PhiUada. (Two pieces.) 350,351. Sally in our Alley. (Two pieces.) 353. Never loved thee more. Blashfield, Edwin Howland, bom at New York, N. Y. Master: Leon Bonnat. 358. Chivalry. (Owner, Century Co,) 354. The Gladiators. (Owner, Century Co.) 355. The Vigil at Arms. (Owner, Scribner's Magazine.) 356. The Angels in the Miracle Play. (Owner, Scribner's Magazine.) Blum, Robert F., bom at Cincinnati, Ohio. Recompense: Gold medal, American Art Association. 357. The Modern Etcher. 358. The BaUet Girls. 359. Table d'H6te. 360. Part of an Old Story. (Owner, The Century Co.) Cox, Kenyon, born at Warren, Ohio. Masters: J. L. Gerome and Carolus- Duran. 861. Bust of J. A. Weir. 863. Portrait Bust. 363. Follower of St. Joseph. 364. Reading in the Chapter Room. 365. In the Smithy. 366. At Work. Coxe, REGnsTAikD Cleveland, born in Baltimore, Md. Master: Leon Bon- nat. 367. Gloucester Harbor. 270 UNIVERSAL :EXP0SITI0N OF 1889 AT PARIS. Catalogue of exhibitors— Class 2. CoxE, Reginald Cleveland— Ooiifd. 368. Passing Squall. 369. Return of the Feet. 370. In the Narrows. Drake, "William H. , bom at New York, N.Y. Student at Art Students' League, New York, N. Y. 371. Rippling Waters, representing a forest stream. 373. Excursion Party. (Owner, Cen- tury Co.) 873. The Two Friends. (Owner, Cen- tury Co.) 374. A Fishing Party. (Owner. Cen- tury Co.) 375. Washington's Escape. (Owner, Century Co.) Farrer, Henry. 376. Moonrise, FooTE, Mary Hallock, born at Orange County, N.Y. 377. Cinching up. (Owner, Century Co.) 378. Looking for Camp. (Owner, Cen- tury Co.) Gibson, M. Hamilton. 379. Afternoon Pastorale. 380. An Upland RunneU. 381. My Backyard Oasis. ■382. An Evening Primrose. 383. The Penitent. Greatorex, Miss Eliza, born in Ireland. 384. St. Malo; Crypt at Moimt St. Michael; Marano, Florence. Greatorex, Miss Kathleen H., born at New York, N. Y. Master: J. J. Hen- ner. 385. "Gorgeous flowerets in the sun- light shining" (Longfellow). Haskell, Ida C, born in California. Masters: Boulanger and M. Courtois. 386. Portrait of Mrs. H. Homer, Winslow, born at Boston, Mass. 387. Looking over the Cliflf. (Owner, Mr.s. Schuyler van Rensselaei', New York.) Inness, Geo. , Jr. 888. My Studio. 889. Tally-ho. 390. On the Trail. Klumpke, Miss Anna E., born at San Fi-ancisco, Cal. Masters: T. Robert- Fleury, Bouguereau, and de Vuille- froy. ■891. Marguerite at the Wheel. Low, William H. 392. Ode and Sonnets. 393. Ode to Melancholy. 394. Ode to Psyche. 895. Ode on a Grecian Urn. 396. Bards. 397. Shut from the Busy World of more incredulous. 898. The Guarded Nymph. 399. Into the Green Recess of Wood. 400. By a Clear Pool. 401. She bathes unseen. 402. The Flight of Lamia. 403. Last Sonnet of Keats. Moran, Thomas, born at Bolton, Eng- land. Master: Jas. Hamilton. Re- compense, Medal 1st cl. , Centennial Exposition, 1876. 404. Mount of the Holy Cross. NicoLL, James Craig, bom at New • York, N. Y. Master: M. F. H. de Haas. Recompenses, First class, New Orleans Exposition, etc. 405. Night. Pennell, Joseph. 406. Christ Church Gateway, Canter- bury. 407. Exchequer Gate, Lincoln Cathe- dral. 408. Lincoln Cathedral. Platt, C. a. 409. Quai at Honfleur. Redwood, A. C. 410. Line of Battle at Malvern HUl. 411. Washington Artillery. Reinhart, Chas. S., bom at Pittsburgh, Pa. Honorable Mention 1887. Tem- ple Gold Medal 1888. 413. Flirtation. 413. Shepherd. 414. They look rich. 415. The Painter absorbed in his Art. 416. Asleep. 417. The Old Fisherman. 418. The Spy-Glass. 419. Shrimp-Fisher. 420. The Englishman. 431. Tliree Old Ladies. 433. Strapping my Valise. 433. Headwaiter. 434. The Gust of Wind. 435. Portrait of Charles Dudley Warner. 426. At Fortress Monroe, 437. Man and Dog. KEPORT OF COMMISSION EE-GENERAL APPENDIX K. 271 Reinhart, Chas. B.— Continued. 438. What sort of Weather? 439. Electric Shook. 430. A Kissing-Gate. 431. The Five o'clock Tea. 433. The Reichstag. (Group of Sketches.) Remington, Fkedeeick, born at Canton, N.Y. 433. An Episode, Opening up a Cattle Country. 434. A Deep Ford. 435. Cutting out a Steer. 436. Broncos and Timber Wolves. Richards, William T., lorn at Phila- delphia, Pa. 437. Headlands, Narragansett Bay. ROLSHOVEN, Julius. 438. Water-Carrier; Venice. 439. Portrait of Miss R. 440. A Good Cigarette. Sherwood, Rosina Emmet, born at New York, N.Y. Master: Wm .M. Chase. 441. September. 443. PhyUis. Smith, F. Hopkinson. 443. Near Neighbors at Ulm. 444. A Dutch Canal. Stewart, Julius L., born at Philadel- phia, Pa. Masters: Zamacois, G6- r6me, and R. de Madrazo. 445. Portrait of Mrs. B. 446. Poi-trait of Miss S. Wickenden, Robert John, bom at Rochester, England. Masters: Car- roll Beckwith, Chase, Hebert, and Merson. 447. C6tes Fleuries (Isle of Jersey.) Weir, J. Alden, born at West Point, N. Y. Master: G. L. Ger6me. Rec- ompense, Honorable Mention, Paris Salon 1883. 448. Consolation. 449. StiU Life. (Owner, H. C. How- eUs.) Whittemore, William J., born at New York, N.Y. 450. October. Wiles, Irving R., born at Utica, N.Y. Master: Carolus-Duran. 451. Sewing Class. 453. Modeling Class. 453. Negative Retouching Class. Catalogue of exhibitors — Class 3. Class 3.— Sculpture and Engravings on Medals. Adams S. Herbert, born at West Con- cord, Vt. Master: M. A. Mercie. Recompense: Honorable Mention, Salon, 1888. 454. Young girl; bust, plaster. Bartlett, p. W., born at New Haven, Conn. Masters: Fremiet, Cavelier, Gaudez. Recompense: Honorable Mention, Salon, 1887. 455. Bohemian; Bronze. French, Daniel C. 456. Bronze Bust of Ralph Waldo Emerson. Held, Charles, born in the Canton of Geneva,Switzerland., Master: Charles Held. 457. In Glass Case: President Carnot; Actrice ; Egyptian Woman; Landscape in Auvergne; Hunting Dogs ; Renaissance Flow- ers. Kitson, H. H., born at Huddersfield. Master: Bonnassieux. 458. Mayor Doyle; statue, plaster. 459. Miss R. ; bust, marble. Mac Monnies, Frederick, born at Brooklyn, N. Y. Masters: Saint- Gaudens, Falguiere, and Mercie. 460. Medallions; plaster. RUGGLES, Miss Theo. a., born at Brook- line, Mass. 461. Bust of a Child; bronze. 463. On the Shore of the Oise ; plaster. Story, Waldo, born at Paris, France. 463. The Fallen Angel; group, marble. Story, Wm. W. , bom at Salem, Mass. 464. Salome; marble statue. Warner, Olin L. , born at Suffield, Conn. Master: Jouffroy. 465. Bi'onze Bust of J. Alden Weir. 466. Small Bronze Bust of Mr. Daniel Cottier. 467. Marble Bust of Baby Rosalie Warner. 468. Three bronze medallion portraits. WUERTZ, Emile, born at New York, N. Y. Masters: A. Mercie and A. Rodin. 469. Medallion; plaster. i72 UNIVERSAL EXPOSITION OF 1889 AT PARIS. Catalogue of exhibitors— Class 4. Class 4.— Architectural Drawings AND Models. McKiM, Mead & White, 57 Broadway, New York, N. Y. 470. Perspective of Bates Hall (read- ing-room). New Public Library, Bos- ton, Mass. Class 6.— Engravings and Litho- graphs, american school of wood engraving. collective exhibit. AlKMAN, W. M. , New York. 471. Sheep. 473. Landscape, by Parsons. Bernstrom, Victor, New York. 473. PortNeuf. 474. The Spoils. 475. The Dead Matador. 476. The Otter Hunt. 477. Music Party. 478. Retribution. 479. The Mystery of Life. Closson, W. B., Boston, Mass. 480. Golden Rod. 481. Paolo and Francesca. 483. Study of Head, by Fuller. 483. Subject by Mary Hallock Foote. 484. Stm Life, by L. Bouvier. 485. The Listeners. 486. The Quadroon Girl. Cole, T., New York. 487. Angel from the Morgan Tomb. 488. The Entombment. Davidson, H., New York. 489. Aus der Ohe. 490. An Afternoon at the Ranch. 491. Canterbury Cathedral. 493. Israel. Davis, John P., New York. 493. A Point in Lake Placide. 494. How Sol came Through. 495. Joe Jefferson as Bob Acres. 496. Among the Old Poets. 497. The Cobblers. French, Frank, New York. 498. A Negress of Algiers. 499. Under the Misletoe. 500. A Christmas Vigil. 501. An English Deer Pai-k. 503. An Algerine. 508. Lacing the Sandal. 504. Landscape. 505. In the Enemy's Country. Johnson, T. , New York. 506. Portrait of a Child. 507. Alphonse Daudet. 508. Head of a Man, by Rembrandt. 509. Lord Alfred Tennyson. 510. .^Esop, by Velasquez. 511. Pastern- and Granddaughter. King, F. S. 513. Knowledge is Power. 513. A Difference. 514. The Sybil. KiNGSLEY, Elbridge, New York. 515. Birch Trees. 516. Landscape, Diaz. 517. Midsummer, Daubigny. 518. Morning. 519. The Flying Dutchman. Kruell, G., New York. 530. A Russian Jew. 531. A Russian Peasant. 532. Coaxing the Chief . 523. A Soul Drama. 534. Darwin. 525. Lincoln. 536. Rent Day. 537. A Portrait. LiNDST, Albert M. , Philadelphia. 528. Neighbors on the Terrace. 539. Presentation of a Circus to a Span- ish Town. 530. Discovery of Gold in Australia. Muller, R., New York. 581. Adoration of the Magi. 583. St. Vincent de Paul. 583. Chantilly, La Vierge d'Orleans. 534. Jesus Christ at the Last Supper. 535. I'm Perfectly Happy. Powell, Caroline A., New York. 586. The Tlu-ee Maries. 537. Lady and Horse. 538. London Underground Railway Station. 539. A Follower of St. Joseph. 540. A Russian Post-Station. 541. La Rose. Putnam, S. G.. New York. 542. Identity. 548. A Waterfall by Moonlight. 544. A Sheep Pasture. 545. Buccaneers seizing a Ship. 546. Three Children. Smithwech, J. G.,New York. 547. Winter. 548. A Goat Pasture. REPORT OF COMMISSIONER-GENERAL APPENDIX K. 273 Standenbaur, E., New York. 549. General Grant. 550. General Lew Wallace. 551. Chauncey M. Depew. 553. Dr. Taylor. TiNKEY, J., New York. 553. Exchanging Confidences. 554. In the New Forest. 555. The Beaver Dam. 556. Sleeping Poppies. 557. Springhaven. Vaeley, Egbert, New York. 558. The Bells of St. Anne. 559. The Eehearsal. 560. The Burial Ground. Wellington, F., New York. 561. A Day in June. 562. Capture of Grenada. 563. Amelie Eives. 564. A May-Day Idyl. 565. Pinks, L. Bouvier. 566. Still Life, L. Bouvier. 567. Miles Standish's Challenge. Wolf, Henry, New York. 568. David. 569. Owl Catching a Mouse. 570. Wood Interior. 571. The Eoadside. 572. A New England Peddler. geoup 2.— education and instruction- apparatus and processes used in the liberal arts. Class 6.— Education of Young Chil- dren. — Primary Instruction. — In- struction OF Adults. Abington Public Library, Abington, Mass. One catalogue and eleven supplements. Eeports from 1884 to 1888 inclusive. Academy, (The) Syracuse, N. Y. Eeports and catalogues. Administration Blanks and Forms. Collective exhibit from the States of Alabama, California, Florida, Illi- nois, Iowa, Kansas, Louisiana, Min- nesota, Missouri, Oregon, South Car- olina, West Virginia, and Wisconsin; and from the towns of Auburn, N. Y. ; Chambersburgh, Pa. ; Dubuque, Iowa; Evansville, Ind.; Haverhill, Mass.; Memphis, Tenn.; New Bed- ford, Mass. ; Newport, Ky. ; Omaha, Neb.; Sandusky, Ohio; Somerville, Catalogue of exhibitors— Class 6. American Asylum for the Educa- tion OF THE Deaf and Dumb, Hartford, Conn. , Job Williams, prin- cipal. Copies of 71st and 72d annual reports. Bacon, G. A., Syracuse, N. Y. Current numbers of the Academy. Baltimore (Md.) Public Schools, Henry A. Wise, superintendent. Six volumes of reports of the superin- tendent of public schools. Three volumes of rules for school commis- sioners. The public school directory. Blanks used in the administration of the school. Bangor Library, Bangor, Me., Daniel Holman, librarian. Librarian's report, catalogue, rules and regulations, and blanks of adminis- tration. Baedeen,C.W., Syracuse, N.Y. (686.) Volumes of The Schoolroom, The School Bulletin, and The IJew Edu- cation; text-books, memory cards, and cube-root blocks. (349.) Barnes, A. S.& Co.,111 WilUam street, New York City. Books. Beardsly Library, West Winsted, Conn., Miss Louise M. Carrington, librarian. The Eeport of the Librarian; cata- logues of books and supplement; blanks of administration. Berkeley School, New York City. One relief map, showing Caesar's cam- paigns; three maps showing a valley of erosion by contour lines, by sawed wood, and by clay models. (341.) Betz, Gael, Kansas City, Mo. Text-books and apparatus for gym- nastics. Board op Education, Brooklyn, N.Y. Calvin Patterson, superintendent. Annual Eeport of the Superinten- dent for 1887; scholars' work; writing books and drawing books. Board of Education, Grand Eapids, Mich., F. M. Kendall, superinten- dent. Volume of aftnual reports; two pamphlets on physiology and hygi- ene for the public schools; special geography of Michigan; general blanks of administration. 274 UNIVEKSAl, EXPOSITION OF 1889 AT PARIS. Catalogue of exhibitors— Class 6. Board of Education op Wisconsin, Madison, Wis. J. B. Thayer, State superintendent. One volume of school laws and one volume of laws relating to school libraries; proceedings of the board of regents of normal schools; re- port of the board of regents for the University of Wisconsin; two catalogues of public school libraries; annual catalogues of the University of Wisconsin; annual catalogues of the State normal schools at River Falls, Milwaukee, PlatteviUe, Osh- kosh, and Whitewater, Wisconsin; report of tlie State superintendent for 1887 and 1888; blanks of admin- istration. Boston (Mass.) Public Schools. Calvin P. Seaver, superintendent. Plaster casts; paintings; portfolios of drawings; text and reference books; volnmes of copy books; map of Bos- ton; charts of courses of study; one set of Pi'ang's drawing models; one school globe; music charts; port- folios of needlework; plates of draw- ings from the Free Evening Indus- trial School; volumes of reports, and one school desk and chair. Bristol (Pa.) Public Schools. Students' work in drawing. Buffalo (N. Y.) Public Schools. One volume for each grade. No. 1 to No. 9, inclusive, containing photo- graphs of classes, with average age, work in spelling, arithmetic, draw- ing, geography, grammar, composi- tion, letter-writing, and forms ; one volume of blanks and cards; one vol- ume souvenir of the Buffalo Indus- trial Fair ; drawing-books, writing- books, account-books, note-books, one volume of map drawing, and two volumes of school plans. Bureau of Education, Department of the Interior, Washington, D. C. Proceedings of National Educational Association; reports and mono- graphs. Cambridge (Mass.) Public Schools, Francis Cogswell, superintendent. Two volumes of reports of the school committee and superintendent of public schools. Catalogues of Libraries. Collective exhibit from Abington Public Li- brary, Abington, Mass.; Bangor Library, Bangor, Me.; Beards- ley Library, West Winsted, Conn.; Belleville PubUc Library, Belle- ville, 111. ; Boston and Albany Rail- road Library, Springfield, Mass. ; Boynton Public Library, Templeton, Mass.; Broadbrook's Pre 3 Library, Harwich, Mass. ; Buffalo Public Li- brary, Buffalo, N. Y. ; Chicago Law Institute, Chicago, lU. ; Coldwater Public Library, Coldwater, Mich.; Dayton Public Library, Dajfton, Ohio ; Douglass Library, Canaan, Conn.; Edward L. Pierce Library, St. Helena Island, South Carolina; Enoch Pratt Free Library,Baltimore, Md. ; Fay Library, Southborough, Mass.; Fiske Free Library, Clare- mont, N. H.; Franklin Typograph- ical Society, Boston, Mass.; Free Public Library, Burlington, Iowa ; Free Library, Alameda, Cal.; Free Public Library, Auburn, Mass. ; Free Public Library, Hopedale, Mass. Free Public Library, Norton, Mass. Free Public Library, Omaha, Neb. Free Public Library, Portland, Ore- gon ; Free PvibUc Library, Sutton, Mass. ; Free Public Library, Somer- ville, Mass.; Free Public Library, Topeka, Kan. ; Free Public Library, Oxbridge, Mass. ; Friends' Free Libra- ry ,Grermantown,Pa. ; General Society of Mechanics and Tradesmen of the City of New York ; Hampton Public Library, Bridgehampton, N. Y. ; Har- lem Library, New York City; Hope- dale Public Library.Hopedale, Mass. ; Ishpeming City Library, Ishpeming, Mich.; Litheow Library. Augusta, Me.; Manufacturers and Mechanics' Library Association, Lewiston, Me. ; Mechanics' Library, Portland, i\Ie.; Memorial Free Library, Mt. Airy, Philadelphia, Pa.; Mercantile Li- rary, San Francisco, Cal. ; Montana Law Library, Helena. Mont.; New- berry Library, Chicago. 111.: New York Mercantile Library Associa- tion. New York City; Norman Wil- liams Public Library, Woodstock, Vt. . Norton Pnhlir T.ihr.'jrv Nm-t.iii REPORT OF COMMISSIONEE-GENERAL APPENDIX K. 275 Catalogues of Libraries— OontmMed. Mass. ; Odd Fellows' Library Associ- ation, San Francisco, Cal. ; Orange Public Library, Orange, Cal.; Os- wego City Library, Oswego, N.Y.; Poughkeepsie Public Library,Pough- keepsie, N. Y. ; Public Library, Ayer, Mass.; Public Library, Bryan, Ohio; Public Library, Chelsea, Mass. ; Pub- lic Library, Fitchburg, Mass.; Public Library, St. Louis, Mo.; Public Li- brary, Southbridge, Mass.; Public Library, Taunton, Mass. ; PubHc Li- brary, Toledo, Ohio; Public Library, Warren, Mass. ; Public Library, West Brookfield, Mass. ; Raymond Public Library, Royalston, Mass.; Russel Library, Middletown, Conn.; The Brooklyn Library, Brooklyn, N. Y. ; Tuft's Library, Weymouth, Mass.; Waltham Public Library, Waltham, Mass. ; Watertown Library Associa- tion, Watei^town, Mass.; Woburn Public Library, Woburn, Mass.; Woodbury Library, Woodbury, N.J. ; and the Young Men's Christian As- sociation, Meriden, Conn. Cathedral School of St. Paul, Gar- den City, N.Y. Frames containing photographs of stu- dents and buildings, and a diploma; and a portfolio of photographs and forms. Ghambersburgh (Pa.) Public School, W. H. Hockenberry, superintendent. Annual statement and report of the superintendent, for 1887-'88; blanks used in administration of schools. Charleston Library Society, Charles- ton, S. C, Miss A. E. Pinckney, libra- rian. The constitution and rules and a cata- logue of books. Chautauqua Association, Chautauqua, N.Y. A manual of Biblical geography; and a chart showing programme of work. Chicago Public Library, Chicago, 111., Frederick H. Hild, librarian. One volume, annual reports of direc- tors, 1873-'88; one volume finding lists; one volume bulletins; one volume views, blanks, etc Catalogue of exhibitors— Class 6. Chicago (III.) Public Schools, George Howland, superintendent. Eight annual reports of board of edu- cation 1880-87; report of course of study; physical exercises, etc . Christiansen Institute, Brooklyn, N. Y., Mrs. E. C. Staker, principal. Circulars of information and a collec- tion of scholars' work, consisting of 35 cards of maps and drawings; also kindergarten work in paper folding and embroidery. City and Town School Reports. Collective exhibit from Aubm-n, N. Y. ; Baltimore, Md.; Biaghamton, N.Y. ; Boston, Mass.; Bristol, Pa.; Brook- lyn, N. Y.; Buffalo, N. Y.; Cam- bridge, Mass.; Charleston, W. Va. ; Chelsea, Mass.; Cincinnati, Ohio; Cleveland, Ohio; Coldwater, Mich.; Columbus, Ohio; Dayton, Ohio; Elizabeth, N. J.; EvansviUe, Ind. ; Fort Worth, Tex. ; Galveston, Tex. ; Gloucester, Mass.; Grand Rapids, Mich.; Haverhill, Mass. ; Indianapo- lis, Ind. ; Jersey City, N. J.; John- ston, R. T. ; Kansas City, Mo. ; Law- rence, Mass. ; Leavenworth, Kans. ; Lewiston, Me.; Memphis, Tenn.; Mohne, lU.; New Bedford, Mass.; Newburgh, N. Y. ; New Haven, Conn.; Newport, Ky.; New York City ; Omaha, Neb. ; Oskaloosa, Iowa; Pittsburgh, Pa.; Portland, Oregon; Poughkeepsie, N. Y. ; Quincy, Mass. ; Rochester, N. Y.; St. Joseph, Mo.; St. Louis, Mo.; St. Paul, Minn.; Salem, Mass.; Sandusky, Ohio; Som- erviUe, Mass.; Springfield, lU.; Springfield, Mass.; Sutton, Mass.; Taunton, Mass. ; Terre Haute, Ind. ; Toledo, Ohio; Utica, N. Y.; West Des Moines, Iowa; Wfiliamsport, Pa. ; Woburn, Mass.; Worcester, Mass.; Yonkers, N. Y. Cleveland (Ohio) Public Schools, L. W. Day, superintendent. Annual reports of superintendent for 1886 and 1887 courses of study; manuals of the schools. Coldwater (Mich.) Public Schools AND Library. Photographs of buildings and scholars; 276 UNIVERSAL EXPOSITION OF 1889 AT PARIS. Catalogue of exhibitors — Class 6. CoLDWATEK (Mich.) Public Schools AND Library — Continued. photographs of library : a programme of study hours; school forms; reports and library catalogue. Colorado Institution for the Deaf AND Blind, Colorado Springs, Col., D.C.Dudley, A. B., superintendent. Map of Colorado Springs, seven photo- graphs, descriptive volume and cata- logue. Scholars' work: lace, carv- ing, etc. Columbus (Ohio) Public Schools, R. W. Steavenson, superintendent. Annual reports 1880 to 1888; volumes school laws; cards of committees. Convent of the Good Shepherd, New- port, Ky. Scholars' work: writing and fancy work. Dayton Public Library, Dayton, Ohio. Catalogue of books; pamphlet-dedica- tion; by-laws; report of librarian. Department op Education op South Carolina, Columbia, S.- C. , James H. Rice, State superintendent of educa- tion. Volumes of annual reports of the su- perintendent and one volume of school laws. Department of Public Instruction of Arkansas, Little Rock, Ark., W. I. Thompson, superintendent. Fivebiennal I'eports, 1879-88 inclusive. Department of Public Instruction of California, Sacramento, Cal., M. R. Beard, superintendent. Reports of superintendent of public instruction; school laws; report of trustees of normal schools; list of library books; catalogues of State normal schools at San Jose and Los Angeles; text-books used in schools; general blanks. Department of Public Instruction of Dakota, E. A. Dye, superintendent. Annual I'epoi'ts of the superintendent of public instruction and volumes of I'ules, laws, and courses of study. Department op Public Instruction of Delaware. School reports for 1887 and school laws for 1881. Department of Public Instruction op Florida, A.J.Russell, State super- intendent, Tallahassee, Fla. School laws; annual reports and cata- logues of State Agricultural College; reports of the president of Rollin's College, of the State Normal School for Colored Students, of the Blind and Mute Institute, of the State Normal School for White Students; rules, regulations, and blanks of ad- miinistration. Department of Public Instruction op Iowa, Henry Sabin, superintendent, Des Moines, Iowa. Volumes of Iowa documents, 1888; vol- umes of school law decisions, 1888; annual reports; census of Iowa, 1835- 18 and 1885; volume of the secre- tary's blank reports, volume of the treasurer's blank reports, and volume of the county superintendent's blank reports; one volume each of agri- cultural and horticultural reports for 1887: blank certificate, diploma, and general blanks used in adminis- tration of the office. Department of Public Instruction of Michigan, Lansing, Mich. Reports 1873 to 1883, ufvclusive ; 1884 to 1887, inclusive ; 30 blanks of administra- tion ; book of teachers' certificates ; manual of institute work and books for enrollment at institute. Department of Public Instruction op Nebraska, Lincoln, Neb., G. B. Lane, State superintendent. Volume of annual reports for 1887-88; volume of school laws and a manual for teachers; catalogue of the State Normal School. Department of Public Instruction of Nevada, Carson City, Nev., C. S. Young, superintendent. Biennial reports for 1885 to 1888; re- ports of State board of regents. Department of Public Instruction of New Hampshire, Manchester, N. H., J. W. Patterson, superintendent. Volumes of annual reports 18S7-'88. Department of Public Instruction of Oregon, Salem, Oregon. E.B.Mc- Elroy, superintendent. REPORT OF COMMISSIONER-GENERAL APPENDIX K. 277 Depaktment of Public Instruction op Oregon— Ca/ittjiMed. Volumes of school laws ; blanks ; ' ' The Resources of Oregon;" reports of the school for deaf mutes ; reports of the school for the blind. Department of Public Instruction of Rhode Island, Providence, R. I. Volumes of reports, 1880 to 1888; school manuals ; general blanks, and vol- umes of School Journal. Educational Publishing Company, Boston, Mass. Current numbers of The Popular Edu- cator. Elizabeth, (N. J.) Public Schools, J. A. Dix, superintendent. One portfolio containing a map of the city, course of study, students' work, and administration blanks. Enoch Pratt Free Library, Baltimore, Md. Librarian's report, catalogues, and volume of letters and docu- ments. FiNDLEY, Samuel, Akron, Ohio. (639) Current numbers of The Ohio Edu- cational Monthly and National Teacher. Foote, Albert Edward, 1233 Belmont avenue, Philadelphia, Pa. (798). Geological maps and reports (see also Class 8). Fort Worth, (Tex.) Public Schools, Alexander Hogg, superintendent. A volume by the superintendent, " The Railroad in Education;" scholars' work ; reports of the superintend- ent and blanks of administration. Free Public Library, Burlington, Iowa, Clara S. Smith, librarian. Catalogues of books; report of cir- culation and blanks. Free Public Library, Topeka, Kans., Olin S. Davis, librarian. A catalogue of books and binding list; two photographs, and blanks of administration. Free Public Library, Uxbridge, Mass. , Lawson A. Seagrave, librarian. A bound volume of catalogues, re- ports, etc. French School op the Society of the House of Refuge, Hudson, N. Y. Scholars' work. Catalogue of exhibitors— Class 6. Friends' Free Library, Germantown, Philadephia, Pa., William Kise, li- brai'ian. Committee's reports, catalogues, cir- culars, blanks of administration, photograph of library. Galveston (Tex.) Public Schools. Six photographs of buildings; 64 pho- tographs of teachers and scholars; 75 papers on mathematics and lan- guage written by pupils; charts of statistics; charts of recitation hours; 2 record books; 20 blanks and 50 plates of students' drawings. General Society Mechanics ani> Tradesmen of the City op New York, Jacob Schwartz, librarian. A catalogue and finding list for the li- brary; a manual for 1889; annals of the society; an old charter; photo- graphs and statistics; blanks of ad- ministration. Hampton Public LiBRARY.Bridgehamp- ton, N. Y. Copy of the charter of the Ubrary; reports of circulation and finances; specimen blanks. Harwood Manufacturing Company, Bostoh, Mass. (791) Six samples of Chairs for school haUs. Home for Feeble-minded Children, Santa Clara, Cal. Two volumes of work in sewing, one volume of reading, and ten pieces of fancy work made by pupils. Hyatt School Slate Company (The), South Bethlehem, Pa. Seventy specimens of school slates. Indianapolis (Ind.) Public Schools, L. H. Jones, superintendent. Reports of superintendent of public schools for 1887-'88; school man- ual of 1889. ' Indian Industrial School, Carlisle,Pa. Current numbers of The Indian Helper and The Red Man, printed by the Indian boys; 9 photographs of stu- dents. Institute op our Lady of the Sacred Heart, Washington Heights, 111., Mothei- Pacific, principal. Students' work: maps, writing, and free-hand drawing ; catalogue and blanks of administration. 278 UNIVERSAL EXPOSITION OF 1889 AT PARIS. Catalogue of exhibitors— Class 6. IvisoN, Blakeman & Co., New York City. (363) Text-books. JouENALs OF Education. American Journal of Education, St. Louis, Mo. ; American Teacher, Bos- ton, Mass.; Education, Boston, Mass.; Common School Education, Boston, Mass. ; Educational Courant, Louisville, Ky. ; Educational Ga- zette, Rochester, N. Y. : Educational News, Philadelphia, Pa.; Florida School Journal, Lake City, Fla. ; Illinois School Journal, Blooming- ton, 111.; Indiana School Journal, Indianapolis, I n d . ; Intelligence, Chicago, 111. : Journal of Education, Boston, Mass.; Minnehaha Teacher, Sioux Falls, Dak. ; National Edu- cator, Allentown, Pa. ; Popular Edu- cator, Boston, Mass.; School and Home, St. Louis, Mo. ; Southwestern Journal of Education, NashviUe, Tenn. ; The Academy, Syracuse, N. Y.; The Alabama Teashers' Jour- nal, Cincimiati, O.; The American Teacher, Boston, Mass.; The Edu- cational Journal of Virginia, Rich- mond, Va.; The Fountain, York,Pa.; The Monthly Pennsylvania School, Williamsport, Pa. ; The North Caro- Una Teacher, Raleigh, N. C. ; The Ohio Educational Monthly, Akron, O.; The Pennsylvania Educational Journal, Lancaster, Pa. ; The School Bulletin, Syracuse, N. Y. ; The School Herald, Chicago, 111.; The School Journal,New York City; TheSchool Teacher, Winston, N. C. ; The Teacher, New York City ; The Teachers' Institute, Chicago, 111. Lewiston (Me.) Public Schools, A. M. Edwards, superintendent. The course of study and report of the superintendent of public schools for 1888. LiPPiNCOTT, J. B., & Co., Philadelphia, Pa. (354.) Three Worcester's dictionary; four volumes text-books on anatomy and hygiene; one set of school readera. Manufacturers and Mechanu's' Li- brary Association, Lewiston, Me., R. C. Pennell, librarian. Manufacturers and Mechanics' Li- brary Association — Continued. A copy each of the constitution, by- laws, catalogue, and blanks used in the administration of the library. Marianna (Ark.) Institute, Marianna, Ark., Thomas A. Futrall, president. Catalogues of the school; scholars' work; writing-books. Mechanics' Library, Portland, Me., Hubbard W. Bryant, librarian. Portfolio of blanks, rules, etc. Memorial Free Library, Mount Airy, Philadelphia, Pa. , L. D. Lovett, libra- rian. Annual report and a catalogue; statis- tics and blanks of administration; four photographs. Mercantile Library, San Francisco, Cal., Alfred E. Whitaker, librarian. Three catalogues; four volumes of an- nual reports; blanks of administra- tion; rules, etc. Merriam, G. C, & Co., Springfield, Mass. (161.) Dictionaries. Minnesota School for Deaf, Fari- bault, Mian., J. E.Noyes, president. Circulars of information; history of the college; course of study; views of the buildings; dra^vings by stu- dents and copies of The Companion. MoLiNE (III.) Public Schools, H. W. Russell, superintendent. Scholars' work: two portfolios of sew- ing; six frames of geographical clay modeling; six clay panel models and three boxes of plain clay models; fourteen paper boxes, twelve vol- umes of drawings; reports of the public schools of Moline, 1878-'88; twenty-five models of crystals; three cards of wood carving; nine sheets of sewing and twenty-five sheets of paper folding. Mystic Valley Institute, Mystic Bridge, Conn,, John K. Bucklyn, A. M., LL. D., principal. One portfolio containing circulai-s of information and scholars' work, ex- amination papers, etc. National Deaf Mute College, Wash- ington, D. C. Two maps of the grounds of the col- leire: annual n^nnrtsanri ^ofoi.^.^.^- REPORT OF COMlIISSIONEE-aENERAL APPENDIX K. 279 National Woman's Christian Tem- perance Union, Josephine E. Nich- ols, superintendent for fairs and ex- positions, 161 La Salle street, Chi- cago, 111. (387.) Scientific temperance books for schools; articles for training girls in kitchen- garden work; temperance libraries and publications. New England Publishing Company. Boston, Mass. Current numbers of The Journal of Ed- ucation and The American Teacher. New Haven (Conn.) Public Schools, S. T. Dutton, superintendent. Two volumes reports of board of edu- cation; one volume courses of study, blanks, etc. New York House of Refuge, School Department, Randall's Island, New York. (742.) Writing, map drawing, accounts and problems, by the scholars. New York Mercantile Library Asso- ciation, New York City, W. J. Peo- ples, librarian. Three annual reports; pamphlet on 50th anniversary celebration; cata- logue with three supplements and two bulletins; specimen card cata- logue and drawer; volume " New York City during American Revo- lution." Norman Williams Public Library, Woodstock, Vt. A volume of photographs and blanks. Norton Public Library, Norton, Mass., A. M. Round, librarian. Catalogue of books and supplement; a report of the librarian and blanks used in the administration of the library. Ohio Commissioners of Schools, Co- lumbus, Ohio. Two volumes of the annual reports of the board for 1887 and 1888; one vol- ume of school laws. Ohio Institution for Feeble Minded Youth, Columbus, Ohio. Four frames of photographs of build- ings, rooms, and children. Omaha Public Library, Omaha, Neb. One catalogue and fifteen cards of sta- tistics and forms. Catalogue of exMbitors— Class 6. Omaha (Neb.) Public Schools, Henry M. James, superintendent. Annual reports; rules of board of edu- cation; list of text-books; courses of study; blanks. Oregon School for Deaf Mutes, Sa^ lem, Oregon, Rev. P. S. Knight, superintendent. Three volumes of biennial reports of the superintendent for 1884, 1886, and 1888; volume of The Sign and a photograph. OSKALOOSA (Iowa) Public Schools, Orion C. Scott, superintendent. Annual reports of superintendent of public schools, 1887 and 1888. Man- uals ; general blanks ; geographical work on boards, six specimens. Penn School, St. Helena Island, South Carolina. Portf oho blanks, views, scholars' work, three specimens of sewing, three En- glish compositions, and eight sheets of drawings. Pennsylvania Oral School for the Deaf, Scranton, Pa., Emma Garrett, principal. The fourth annual report of the prin- cipal. Pennsylvania Training School, E1- wyn. Pa. Reports 1885 to 1886, inclusive. Perkins' Institution and Massachu- setts School for the Blind, Bos- ton, Mass., M. Anagnos, superintend- ent. Thirty-five specimens of scholars' work ; fifty-two specimens of kindergarten work; photographs. Perrin & Smith, St. Louis, Mo. Current numbers of the American Journal of Education. Pittsburgh (Pa.) Public Schools, George J. Luckey, superintendent. One frame, containing photographs of groups of students; thirteen volumes of scholars' work in arithmetic and language from Grades 1 to 7; two volumes of scholars' work from the normal school; one volume of schol- ars' work from the high school. Portland Public Library, Portland,, Me., Stephen W. Watson, librarian. By-laws ; catalogue of books ; blanks 280 UNIVERSAL EXPOSITION OP 1889 AT PAKIS. Catalogue of exhibitors— Class 6. POETLAND Public Iasrary— Cont'd. of administration. Historical and Genealogical Record, Vol. IV. PouGHKEEPSiE Public Library, Pough- keepsie, N. Y., John C. Stickley, librarian. Eeport and manual of the board of education, catalogue of library, and mounted blanks of administration. Pratt, D. C, 32 Church street, New York City. (806.) School slates, crayons, and blackboard. Providence (E. I.) Public Schools, Horace S. Tarbel, superintendent. Six reports of school committees ; twelve manuals. Public Library, Belleville, lU., F. J. Stawfenbiel, librarian. A portfoUo containing a statistical ex- hibit of the Ubrary. Public Library, Chelsea, Mass., Medora J. Simpson, librarian. A catalogue of books and a supple- ment; a report of tmstees, and the dedication of new building. Public Library, Fitchburg, Mass., P. C. Rice, librarian. Report of trustees; blanks of adminis- tration. Public Library, St. Louis, Mo., Fred- erick M. Crunden, librarian. A catalogue of books and a supple- ment; a bulletin of additions, rules, and annual reports. Public Library, Somerville, Mass. , Har- riet A. Adams, librarian. A catalogue of books, view of the building, reports of trustees, and blanks used in the administration of the library. Public Library, Southbridge, Mass., Miss A. Jeannette Comins, Hbrarian. A catalogue of books and two supple- ments ; a portfolio of views, and blanks used in the administration of the library. Public Library, Taunton, Mass., E. C. Arnold, librarian. Catalogue and two supplements, port- folio of rules, statement of circula- tion, and blanks used in the admin- istration of the library. Public Library, Toledo, Ohio, Mrs. T. D. Germain, librarian. A catalogue of the books in the library, the rules and regulations, and the blanks used in the administration of the library. Public Library, "Warren, Mass. Volume of photographs and blanks. Public Library, West Brookfleld, Mass. , T. S. Knowlton, librarian. A catalogue of books and supplement, dedication and committee reports, statistics, photographs, and blanks of administration of library. Public Schools, Cincinnati, Ohio, Reports and text-books. Rand, McNally & Co.. 333 Broadway, New York, N.Y. (198.) Maps, map-cases, and atlases. Raub, Albert N. , Philadelphia, Pa. Current numbers of The Educational New. RntMERSBURGH (Pa.) Public School. Six volumes of pupils' work in drawing and language. Rochester (N. Y.) Public Schools, S. A. EUis, superintendent. Six volumes of annual reports of the superintendent of public schools 1883 to '88 ; five volumes of the pro- ceedings of the board of education ; scholars' work ; examination ques- tions and papers. Roland Hall School, Salt Lake City, Utali, Miss J. H. Van Rensselaer, cipal. Scholars' work ; eight maps, three plates of drawing, and two herba- riums. St. Mark's School, Salt Lake City, Utah. Five pieces scholars' work. Sandusky (Ohio) Public Schools, Henry A. Balcam, superintendent. Nino volumes of annual reports of the superintendent of pubhc schools and four volumes of scholai-s' work in examinations. School for Young Ladies. 439 Caron- delet street. New Orleans, La. .Misses H. A. and H. V. Dykers, principals. Eight photographs of rooms and stu- EEPOET OF COMMISSIOKEK-GENERAL APPENDIX K. 281 School foe Young LiAsies— Continued. dents; scholars' work; maps, charts, drawings, essays, and writing books ; circulars of information. SiLVEK, BURDETTE & Co. , Boston, Mass. (772.) Six volumes of music readers and three charts; four volumes Child Life; nine volumes History of PoKtical Econ- omy, etc.; litho-photographs of Messrs. Tuflfts and Holt, authors of their music system. Silver Street Kindergarten, San Francisco, Cal., Mrs. Kate D. Wig- gin, principal. List of members of the California Froebel Society ; annual state- ments ; students' work in drawing and writing. Sockanosset School for Boys, How- ard, R. I., Frankhn H. Nibecker, superintendent. Files of Howard Times and job print- ing printed by boys ; clothes and brushes made by boys ; photogi-aphs of boys and buildings ; writing books and programme of course of study. State Department of Education, Har- risburgh, Pa., E.E. Higbea, State su- perintendent. Two volumes of annual reports of the State superintendent of pubhc instruction ; two volumes of an- nual reports of the superintendent of soldiers' orphans ; two volumes of school laws. State Department of Public Instruc- tion, Austin, Tex. , C. H. Cooper, su- perintendent. Two volumes of reports of superin- tendent of pubhc instruction for 1886 and 1888; two maps and seven- teen charts on language, mathe- matics, and science, prepared under the direction of the State superin- tendent. State Normal School Reports. Collective exhibit from Baltimore; Md. ; De Funiak Springs, Fla. ; Fay- ette, Ark.; Fredonia, N. Y.; Los Angeles, Cal.; Milwaukee, Wis.; Oshkosh, Wis. ; Peru, Neb. ; Platte- ville, Wis.; River Falls, Wis.; Sac- Catalogue of exhibitors— Class 6. State Normal School Reports— Con' d. ramento, Cal. ; San Jose, Cal. ; Tusk- egee, Ala.; White Water, Wis., and Worcester, Mass. State Public School, Cold water , Mich. , W. J. Lowery, superintendent. Circulars and scholars' work. State School Reports. A collective exhibit of annual and biennial school reports from Ala- bama, Arkansas, California, Colo- rado, Connecticut, Dakota, Delaware, Florida, Illinois, Iowa, Kansas, Louisiana, Maryland, Massachusetts, Michigan, Mississippi, Missouri, Ne- braska, Nevada, New Hampshire, New York, North Carolina, Ohio, Oregon, Pennsylvania, South Caro- lina, Tennessee, Texas, Vermont, West Virginia, Wisconsin, and Washington. Superintendent o f Education o f Maryland, M. A. Newell, Balti- more, Md. Articles of clothing made by normal- school students ; scholars' work in drawing and botany ; annual re- ports of the State superintendent for the years 1867, 1873, 1874, 1877, 1880, 1881, 1883, 1885, 1886, and 1887. Superintendent of Public Instruc- tion OF Colorado, Leonidas S. Cornell, Denver, Colo. Four biennial reports, 1883, 1884, 1886, 1888; education in Colorado 1861 to 1885. The Brooklyn Library, Brooklyn, N.Y. Four annual reports; manual of the trustees; catalogues and bulletins; prospectus of classified catalogue; blanks used in the administration of the library. The Williams Publishing Company, Cleveland, Ohio. Michael's System of Penmanship; Mi- chael's Compendium of Penmanship. Union School District, Concord, N. H.,L.J. Rundlett, superintendent. A framed chart showing the hours de- voted to each study and scholars' ■ work; one volume of specimens of penmanship and one volume of spe- cimens of drawing. 282 UNIVERSAL EXPOSITION OF 1889 AT PARIS. Catalogue of exhibitors— Class 7. Untbrbiner, Prof. Charles, Westches- ter County, N. Y. Collection of reports of school superin- tendents, school laws, and circulars of schools. Vaile, E.g., Chicago, 111. Current numbers of Intelligence. Vancouver, Wash., J. C. Lawrence, superintendent. Scholars' work; composition; examina- tion papers; maps and writing books. Waltham Public Library, Waltham, Mass. , Sumner Johnston, librarian. Catalogues; photographs; rules and ad- ministration blanks. Watbrtown Library Association, Watertown, Conn., Miss N. E. Bron- son, librarian. Report of librarian; copy of act of in- corporation; catalogue, and blanks of administration of library. Woburn Public Library, Woburn, Mass., W. R. Cutter, librarian. Photographs of the building, etc; the fourth annual report of the board of trustees. Woburn (Mass.) Public Schools. Ten drawing books; five sheets map drawings; nine examination papers; three blank books ; twenty-five blanks; one order book, and school reports from 1870 to 1888. Worcester (Mass.) Public Schools, Albert P. Marble, superintendent. Eleven annual reports, 1877 to 1887; rules of board of education; teachers' instructions, and course of study. Class 7.— Organization and Appli- ances for Secondary Instruction. Board op Education, Grand Rapids, Midi. , F.M.Kendall, superintendent. Volume of annual reports; two pamph- lets oil physiology and hygiene for the public schools; special geogra- phy of Michigan; general blanks of administration. Board op Education op Wisconsin, Madison, Wis., J. B. Thayer, State superintendent. One volume of school-laws and one vol- ume of laws relating to school lib- raries; proceedings of the board of Board of Education of Wisconsin — Contimied. regents of normal schools; report of the board of regents for the Univer- sity of Wisconsin; two catalogues of public school libraries; annual cata- logues of the University of Wiscon- sin; annual catalogues of the State normal schools at River Falls, Mil- waukee, PlatteviUe, Oshkosh, and Whitewater, Wisconsin; report of the State superintendent for 1887 and 1888; blanks of administration. Boston (Mass.) Public Schools, Calvin P. Seaver, superintendent. Text-books; reference books; drawings; casts; furniture; and students' work from the pubhc schools. Buffalo (N. Y.) Public Schools. (See Class 6.) Bureau op Education, Washington, D. C. Reports. Catalogues of Secondary Schools. A collective exhibit from Adelphi Academy, Brooklyn, N. Y.; Ala- bama Conference Female College, Tuskegee, Ala.; Alien Academy, Chicago, ni.; Alexander Institute, White Plains, N. Y. ; Art Academy of Cincinnati, Ohio; Avalon College, Avalon, Mo. ; Berkeley School, New York City: Bexley School, Gambier, Ohio; Bishop Hopkins Hall, Burling- ton, N. J. ; Blair's Presbyterian Acad- emy, Blairsville, N. J.; Blaii-sville Ladies' Seminary, Blaii-sville, N, J. ; Bordentown Female College, Bor- dentown, N, J. ; Bradford Academy, Bradford, Mass. ; Bunker Hill Acad- emy, Bunker Hill, 111.; Carthage Academic Institute, Carthage, N. C. ; Cayuga Lake MUitai-y Academy, Aurora, N. Y. ; Centenary Collegiate Institute, Hackettstown, N. J. ; Cen- tral Collegiate Institute, Atlas, Ark. ; Charleston Female Seminai-y, Chai-leston, S. C. ; Chamberlin Insti- tute and Female College, Randolph. N. Y.; Charlotte Female Institute, Chai-lotte, N. C; Chauncy Hall School, Boston, Mass.; Chowan Bap- tist Female Seminary, Murfi-eesbor- ough.N.C; Christian Brothers' Col- ■REPORT OF COMMISSIONER-GENERAL — APPENDIX K, 283 Catalogues of Secondary Schools— Continued. lege, Memphis, Tenn.; Cincinnati Wesleyan College, Cincinnati, Ohio; Classical School for Girls, Indian- apolis, Ind. ; Claverack College, Clav- erack, N. Y. ; Cleveland College for Women, Cleveland, Ohio; Coe's Northwood Academy, Northwood Centre, N. H. ; College and Seminary for Our Lady of Angels, Suspension Bridge, N. Y. ; Collegiate and Poly- technic Institute, Brooklyn, N. Y.; Columbia Athenseum, Columbia, Tenn.; Columbia Female Institute, Columbia, S. C. ; Columbia Art School, Columbus, Ohio; Davenport College, Lenoir, N. C; Dr. Has- brook's School, Sing Sing, N. Y. ; Dr. Warring's School, Poughkeepsie, N. Y. ; Drew Ladies' Seminary, Carmel, N. Y. ; Dummer Academy, South By field, Mass.; East Florida Semi- nary, Gainesville, Fla. ; East Green- wich Academy, East Greenwich, R. I.; Educational Institute, St. Louis, Mo.; Edwards' Academy, White Pine, Tenn.; Emerson Insti- tute, Washington, D. C. ; Freehold Institute, Freehold, N. J.; Friends' School, Providence, R. I.; Gannett Institute for Young Ladies, Boston, Mass.; Glendale Female College, Glendale, Ohio; Goddard Seminary, Barre, Vt. ; Graylock Institute, South WUliamstown, Mass. ; Greensbo- rough Female College, Greensbo- rough, N. C; Hannah Moore Acad- emy, Baltimore, Md. ; Harkville Col- lege, Harkville, Ind. ; Hasbrook's In- stitute, Jersey City, N. J.; Hillsdale Seminary, Bridgeport, Conn. ; How- ard Female College, Gallatin, Tenn.; Huntsville Female College, Hunts- viUe, Ala. ; Indianapolis Institute for Young Ladies, Indianapolis, Ind.; Institute for Training Colored Min- isters, Tuscaloosa, Ala. ; Jacksonville Female Academy, Jacksonville, Fla. ; Kemper Hall, Davenport, Iowa; Lake Erie Seminary, Painesville, Ohio; Linsley Institute, Wheeling, W. Va. ; Logan Female College, Rus- sellville, Ky.; Lucy Cobb Institute, Catalogue of exhibitors— Class 7. Cataloqtjes or Secondary Schools— Continued. Athens, Ga.; Marianna Institute, Marianna, Ark. ; Marion Female Col- lege, Marion, Va.; Maryland Insti- tute, Baltimore, Md. ; Memphis Con- ference Female Institute, Jackson, Tenn. ; Michigan Female Seminary, Kalamazoo, Mich.; Monson Acad- emy, Monson, Mass.; Montgomery Institute, Montgomery, Ala. ; Mount Holyoke College and Seminary, South Hadley, Mass.; Mrs. Ander- son's School, Allegheny City, Pa.; Mrs. Sylvanus Reed's School, New York City; New Windsor College; New Windsor, Md. ; Nichols Latin School, Lewiston, Me.; Norfolk Academy, Norfolk, Va. ; Northfield Seminary, Northfield, Mass.; Ogontz School for Young La- dies, Ogontz, Pa.; Parkersburgh Seminary, W. Va. ; Peddie Institute, Hightstown, N. J. ; Peekskill Acad- emy, PeekskiU, N.Y.; Pennel Insti- tute, Gray, Me.; Pennington Semi- nary, Pennington, N. J. ; Pennsylva- nia Military Academy, Chester, Pa. ; Philadelphia School of Design, Phil- adelphia, Pa. ; Pittsburgh School of Design, Pittsburgh, Pa.; Pittsburgh Female College, Pittsburgh, Pa.; Richmond .Female Institute, Rich- mond, Va. : Riverview Academy, Poughkeepsie, N. Y. ; Rockford Semi- nary, Rockford,Ill. ; St. Agnes School, Albany, N. Y. ; St. John's Academy, Indianapolis, Ind.; St. Katherine's Hall, Davenport, Iowa; St. Louis Seminary, St. Louis, Mo. ; St. Mark's School, Southborough, Mass.; St. Mary's Hall, Burlington, N. J.; St. Stanislaus Commercial College, Bay St. Louis, Miss. ; Schaeffer, Prof. C. C, Philadelphia. Pa.; Scotia Semi- nary, Concord, N. H. ; Selwyn Hall, ■Reading, Pa.; Seminary West Of the Suwannee River, Tallahassee, Fla.; Seymour Smith Institute, Pine Plains, N. Y. ; Seven Islands School, Buckingham County, Va.; Shorter College, Rome, Ga. ; Sinclair's Pre- paratory School, Newburgh, N. Y. ; Southern Female College, Peters- 284 UNIVERSAL EXPOSITION OF 1889 AT PARIS. Catalogue of exhibitors— Class 7. Catalogues of Secondary Schools— Continued. burgh, Va. ; Stamford Seminary, Stamford, N. Y. ; Temple Grove Sem- inary, Saratoga, N. Y. ; Thayer Acaid- emy, Braintree, Mass.; ' The Hill School, Pottstown, Pa.; the Packer Collegiate Institute, Brooklyn, N. Y. ; Tuscaloosa Female College, Tusca- loosa, Ala. ; Union Female College, Oxf ord.Miss. ; Union School, Coopers- town, N. Y. ; University of Cincin- nati, Academic Department, Cincin- nati, O. ; Van Norman Institute, New York City; Virginia Military Insti- tute, Lexington, Va.; Warsaw Union School, Warsaw, N. Y. ; Wesleyan Academy, Wilbraham, Mass. ; Wes- leyan Female College, Macon. Ga.; Wentworth Academy, Lexington, Mo. ; Westchester County Institute, Peekskill, N. Y. ; Westminster Sem- inary, Fort Wayne, Ind. ; Westtown School, Westtown, Pa.; Wheaton Female College, Norton, Mass. ; Wil- liamston Female College, Williams- ton, S. C. ; Wolf Hall, Denver, Colo. Chautauqua Association, Chautauqua, N. Y. (See Class 6.) Cold WATER (Mich.) Public Schools. (See Class 6.) Department op Public Instruction of California. (See Class 6.) Department of Public Instruction of lOWA. (See Class 6.) Department of Public Instruction of Massachusetts, Boston, Mass. Annual reports. Dummer Academy, South Byfield, Mass. , John W. Perkins, A. M. , principal. Pamphlet on one hundred and twenty- fifth anniversary ; catalogues; pamphlet on dedication ; photo- graphs of polo and base ball clubs and of new dormitory. East Florida Seminary, Gainesville, Fla. Twenty-three plates of free-hand draw- ing and six photographs of buildings and students. Galveston (Tex. ) Public Schools. (See Class 6.) GiNN & Co., New York, Boston, and Chi- cago. (803). Text-books for secondary instruction^ Goddard Seminary, Bamet, Vt. Portfolio containing chart of studies ; forms ; catalogues ; account books ; writing books ; sketches, and photo- graphs. Harwood Manufacturing Company, Boston, Mass. (See Class 6.) Heath, D. C. & Co., 5 Somerset st., Bos- ton, Mass. (270.) School and college text-books ; small maps and charts : astronomical lan- tern ; number tablet, etc. Howard Female College, Gallatin, Term., A. M. Barney, president. One portf oho of views ; catalogue ; blanks ; students' work, etc. Institute for Training Colored Min- isters, Tuscaloosa, Ala. Course of study and photograph of students. Lake Erie Seminary, PainsviUe, Ohio, Miss Mary Evans, president. Two volumes of choral music ; one vol- ume of photographs ; catalogues ; topic papers and forms ; fifty-seven plates of drawings. Michigan Female Seminary, Kalama- zoo, Mich., Antoinette Bryant, principal. A catalogue ; pamphlets and students' drawings ; copies of the Michigan Seminary notes. Mount Holy-oke College and Sem- inary, South Hadley, Mass., Miss E. Blanchard, president. Pamphlet on semi-centennial celebra- tion and liistory of Mount Holyoke Seminary ; catalogues 1887 to 1889 ; photographs, etc. MoLiNE (III.) Public Schools. (See Class 6.) Ogontz School for Young Ladies, Ogontz, Pa. Two portfolios containing photographs and blanks, and a bound volume of Ogontz Mosaic. Philadelphia Seminary, Philadelphia, Pa. Three pen drawmgs ; exercises in history. Pittsburgh (Pa.) Public Schools. (See Class 6.) St. Stanislaus Commercial College, Bay St. Louis. Slo., Brother Osmond, nrpRJdpnfr BEPORT OF UOMMISSIONEE-GENERAL APPENDIX K, 285 St. Stanislaus Commercial College — Continued. Students' work ; portfolios ; specimens of book-keeping and penmanship ; plan of college; map of Bay St. Louis and course of study; specimens of drawing; photographs of students and buildings. SOHJEFFER, Prof. C. C, Philadelphia, Pa. (818). Charts for instructing in languages and literature. Stamford Seminary, Stamford, N. Y., F. M. Smith, principal. A manuscript for a new text-book on geometry by F. M. Smith; photo- graphs of classes and catalogues. Van Norman Institute, New York City, Madame Van Norman, prin- cipal. One portfolio containing catalogues, photographs, statistics, and blanks; complete French class book by Rev. D. C. Van Norman; three volumes of boiler, pump, and steam-engine catechism by R. Grimshaw, Ph. D. ; two volumes of practical training, by R. Grimshaw, Ph. D. ■Ward, Dr. R. H., Troy, N.Y. Botanical class book. Westtown School, Westtown, Pa. History published in 1888; lithographs, and a programme of studies. Class 8.— Organization— Methods and Appliances for Higher Instruc- tion. Albany Medical College, Albany, N.Y. Twenty-four pamphlets; catalogues, lectures, and alumni proceedings. American Antiquarian Society, Wor- cester, Mass. Catalogue for 1836; index from 1812 to 1880, and four volumes of New Series papers. American Historical Association, New York City. Volume 3 of the papers of the associa- tion. American Institute of Electrical Engineers, New York City. Bound volumes and current numbers Catalogue of exhibitors— Class 8. American School at Athens, Greece. Reports. American Museum of Natural His- tory, New York City. One volume of the Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural His- tory, and one volume of annual re- ports. American Numismatic and Arch^sio- LOGICAL Society, New York City. Constitution and by-laws; four vol- umes of proceedings; catalogue of library. Amherst College, Amherst, Mass. Rev. Julius H. Seeley, D. D. , LL. D. , pres- ident. Photographs ; catalogues 1884 to 1889, inclusive ; 2 volumes on physical culture ; Tyler's history of the first half century of Amherst ; Hitch- cook's Reminiscences; Cutting's Stu- dent's Life; the president's inaugural and valedictory addresses ; com- memorative addresses ; historical addresses and papers ; biographical record of the alumni from 1821 to 1871; exercises of semi-centennial ; triennial catalogue and examinations for admission. Berea College, Berea, Ky.,Eev. E.H. FairchUd, president. History of Berea CoUege. Catalogues, 1887-'89. Boston University, Boston, Mass., W. F. Warren, LL. D., president. Annual report of the president; cat- alogues. Brown University, Providence, R.I., Rev. E. G. Robinson, D.D., LL.D., president. Report of the president; catalogue and list of students and alumni; text-books and publications by Profs. J. J. Jameson and A.S.Pack- ard, of the faculty. Bureau of Ethnology, Washington, D.C. Reports. Bureau of Education, Washington, D. C. [See Class 7.) Buffalo Historical Society, Buffalo, N.Y. Volumes I and II of the publications of the society, reports, and addresses. 286 UNIVERSAL EXPOSITION OF 1889 AT PARIS. Catalogue of exhibitors— Class 8. Carleton College, Northfield, Minn., Rev. James W. Strong, D.D., presi- dent. A history of the college, catalogues, circulars, views of buildings, state- ment of course of study, and a map «f Northfield. Copies of the Carle- tonian. Chicago Historical Society, Chicago, 111. The constitution and by-laws and a list of members. Chicago Homeopathic Medical Col- lege, Chicago, m. Three volumes of text-books. Chicago Law Institute Library, Chi- cago, lU., Julius Rosenthal, Ubrarian. The catalogue of books and a supple- ment, and the rules and reports. College and University Catalogues. Collective exhibit from Adelbert Col- lege, Cleveland, Ohio ; Allegheny College, Meadville, Pa. ; Albion Col- lege, Albion, Mich.; Amherst Col- lege, Amherst, Mass.; Amity Col- lege, College Springs. Iowa; Antiooh College, Yellow Springs, Ohio; At- lanta University, Atlanta, Ga. ; Baker University, Baldwin, Kans. ; Baldwin University, Berea, Ohio; Bates College, Lewiston, Me.; Bat- tle Creek College, Battle Creek, Mich.; Baylor College, Belton, Tex,; Berea College, Berea, Ky. ; Bethany College, Bethany, W. Va.; Bethel College, Russellville, Ky.; Boston College, Boston, Mass. ; Boston Uni- versity, Boston, Mass. ; Bowdoin University, Brunswick, Me. ; Brown University, Providence, R. I. ; Buch- tel College, Akron, Ohio ; Butler University, Irvington, Ind. ; Can- isius College, Buffalo, N. Y. ; Carle- ton College, Northfield, Mmn. ; Carthage College, Carthage, lU.; Central College, Fayette, Mo. ; Cen- tral College of Kentucky, Danville, Ky. ; Centi-al University of Iowa, Pella, Iowa; Chaddock College, Quincy, lU. : OliattanoogaUniversity, Chattanooga, Tenn. ; Christian Uni- versity, Canton, Mo.; Claflin Univer- sity, Orangeburg, S. C. ; Colby Uni- versity, Waterville, Me. ; College of Emporia, Emporia, Kan. ; College of COLLEOE AND UNIVERSITY CATA- LOGUES — Continued. New Jersey, Princeton, N.J. ; College of the City of New York, New York City; Columbian University, Wash- ington, D. C. ; Cornell College, Mt. Vernon, Iowa ; Cornell University, Ithaca, N. Y.; Creighton College, Omaha, Neb.; Cumberland Univer- sity, Lebanon, Tenn. ; Curry Univer- sity, Pittston, Pa. ; Dartmouth Col- lege, Hanover, N. H. ; Davidson Col- lege, Davidson College, N. C; Del- aware College, Newark, N. J. ; Den- ison University, Denison, Texag De Pauw University, Greencastle, Ind.; Doane College, Crete, Neb. Drury College, Springfield, Mo. Earlham College, Richmond, Ind. Eden College, St. Louis, Mo. ; Emory College, Oxford, Ga.; Emory and Henry College, Emory, Va. ; Erskine College, Due West, S. C; Eureka College, Eureka, El. ; Ewing College Ewing, 111. ; Franklin CoUege.Frank- Un, Ind.; FrankUn CoUege, New Athens, Ohio; Greorgetown College, Georgetown, Ky. ; Greorgetown Uni- versity, Washington, D. C. ; Gieneva CoUege, Beaver Falls, Pa, : German- English College, Galena, lU. ; Grand Traverse CoUege. Benzonia, Mich.; Grant Memorial University, Athens, Tenn. ; Griswold CoUege, Davenport, Iowa ; Grove City College, Mercer County, Pa. ; Hamilton CoUege, Clinton, N. Y. ; Hampden Sidney College, Hampden Sidney, V a . ; Hanover CoUege, Hanover, Ind.; HartsviUe CoUege, HartsvUIe, Ind.; Haverford College, Montgomery County, Pa.; Hedding College, Abingdon, lU.; Heidelberg CoUege, Tifllu, Oliio; Highland University, Highland, Kan.; Hiram College, Hiram, Ohio ; Hiwassee College, Hiwassee, Tenn.; Howard Univer- sity , Washington, D.C. ; Indiana Uni- versity, Bloomington, Ind.; Iowa CoUege, Grinnell, Iowa ; Iowa State Univei-sity, Iowa City, Iowa ; Iowa Wesleyan University, 5It. Pleasant, Iowa; Keachie College, Keachie. La. ; Kentucky University, Lexington, REPORT OF COMMISSIONER-GENERAL APPENDIX K. 287 College and University Cata- logues — Continued. Kj.; Kjiox College, Galesburg, lU.; Lafa,yette College, Easton, Pa. ; Lake Forest University, Lake Forest, 111. ; Lane University, Leoompton, Kan.; La Salle College, Philadelphia, Pa. ; Lebanon VaUey College, AnnvUle, Pa. ; Lehigh University, South Beth- lehem, Pa.; Lombard University, Galesburgh, 111.; Luther CoUege, Decorah, Iowa ; Madison University, Hamilton, N. Y.; Manhattan Col* lege. New York City; Marietta Col- lege, Marietta, Ohio ; Middlebury College, Middlebury, Vt. : Mississippi College, Clinton, Miss. ; Mt. Holyoke Seminary, South Hadley, Mass. ; Mt. St. Mary's CoUege, Emmitsburg, M d . ; Muhlenburg CoUege, Allen- town, Pa.; Muskingum CoUege, New Concord, Ohio ; Nebraska Central CoUege, Central City, Neb.; Nevada State University, Reno, Nev. ; New Orleans University, New Orleans, La.; New "Windsor CoUege, New Windsor, Md.; Niagara University, Buffalo Law School, Buffalo, N. Y. ; Northwestern CoUege, Napierville, 111.; Northwestern University, Ev- anstown,IU. ; Oberlin CoIlege,Hiram, Ohio; Ogden CoUege, Bowling Green, Ky. ; Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio ; Ohio University, Athens, Ohio; Ohio Wesleyan Uni- versity, Delaware, Ohio; OUvet Col- lege, Olivet, Mich.: Oskaloosa Col- lege, Oskaloosa, Iowa ; Ottawa Uni- versity, Ottawa, Kan.; Otterbein University, Westerville, Ohio ; Pa- cific Methodist CoUege, Santa Rosa, Cal. ; Parsons College,Fairfield,Iowa; Pennsylvania CoUege, Gettysburgh, Pa. ; Philander Smith CoUege, Little Rock. Ark. ; Purdue University, La Fayette, Irid.; Racine CoUege, Ra- cine, Wis. ; Roanoke CoUege, Salem, Va.; Roger WUliams University, NashviUe, Tenn.; Rollins CoUege, Winter Park, Fla. ; Rose Polytechnic Institute, Terre Haute, Ind. ; Rust University, HoUy Springs, Miss.; Rutgers College, New Brunswick, N. J.; Santa Clara CoUege, Santa Catalogue of exhibitors— Class 8. College and University Cata- logues— Continued. Clara, Cal.; St. Charles CoUege, EUi- cott, Md. ; St. Francis Solanus Col- lege, Chicago, 111. ; St. Ignatius Col- lege, San Francisco, Cal. ; St. John's College, AnnapoUs, Md. ; St. Joseph's Diocesan CoUege, Tentopolis, 111.; St. Lawrence University, Canton, N. J.; St. Mary's College, Marion County, Ky. ; St. Meinrad's College and Ecclesiastical Seminary, S t . Meinrad, Ind. ; St. Stephen's College, Annandale, N. Y. ; St. Viateur's Col- lege, Westmoreland County, Pa. ; San Joaquin Valley CoUege, Wood- bridge, Cal. ; Scio College, Soio, Ohio; Searcy CoUege, Searcy, Ark. ; Shaw University, Reaghi. N. C; Shurtleff CoUege, Upper Alton, lU. ; Simpson College, Indianola, Iowa ; Society for the Collegiate Instruction of Women, Harvard University, Cambridge, Mass. ; South KentuckyCoUege, Hop- kinsviUe, Ky.; Southwestern Uni- versity, Georgetown, Tex.; Spring HiU College, near MobUe, Ala. ; Straight University, New Orleans, La.; Swarthmore CoUege, Swarth- more. Pa. ; Syracuse University, Syracuse, N. Y. ; Tabor College, Ta- bor, Iowa ; Thiel CoUege, Greenville, Pa.; Trinity College, Randolph, N. C. ; Tufts College, CoUege HiU, Mass. ; Tulane University of Louisiana,New Orleans, La.; Union Christian Col- lege, Merom, Ind.; Union Univer- sity, Albany and Schenectady, N. Y. ; •niversity of California, Berkeley, Cal. ; University of Cincinnati, Cin- cinnati, Ohio; University of the City of New York, New York City; Uni- versity of Dakota, Vermillion, Dak. ; University of D e s Moines. D e s Moines, Iowa; University of Georgia, Athens, Ga.; University of lUinois, Urbana, 111. ; University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kan.; University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Mich. ; Uni- versity of Missouri, Columbia, Mo. ; University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, N. Dak. ; University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Ind. ; Univer- sity of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, 288 UNIVERSAL EXPOSITION OF 1889 AT PARIS. Catalogue of exliibitore— Class 8. College and University Cata- logues — Continued. Pa. ; University of Rochester, Roch- ester, N. Y. ; University of the South, Sewanee,Tenn. ; University of Texas, Austin, Tex.; University of Ver- mont and State Agricultural College, Burlington, Vt. ; University of Vir- ginia, University of Virginia, Va. ; University of West Virginia, Mor- gantown, W. Va. ; Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio ; Uni- versity of Wisconsin, Madison, Wis. ; University of Wooster, Wooster, Ohio ; Upper Iowa University, Fay- ette, Iowa ; Ursinus College, College- ville. Pa.; Vassar College, Pough- keepsie, N. Y. ; Villa Nova College, Delaware County, Pa. ; Wabash Col- lege, CrawfordsviUe, Ind. ; Wash- burn College, Topeka, Kan. ; Wash- ington and Lee University, Lexing- ton, Va.; Washington University, St. Louis, Mo. ; Wellesley College, Wellesley, Mass. ; Wesleyaii Univer- sity, Middletown, Conn. ; Western College, Toledo, Iowa ; Wettenburg College, Springfield, Ohio ; Wheaton College, Wheaton, 111.; WUberforce University, Xenia, Greene County, Ohio ; Wm. Jewell College, Liberty, Mo. ; Wofford College, Spartanburg, S.C; Yale University, New Haven, Conn. College of New Jersey, Pi-inceton, , N. J., Rev. James McCosh, D. D., L. H. D. , LL. D. , president. Catalogue for 1888-'89. College op Physicians and SuR^feoNS, Baltimore, Md. Photographs of senior and junior classes; 4 volumes of text-books, and 30 monographs by membei-s of the faculty. College or Physicians, Philadelphia, Pa., Charles P. Fisher, librarian. Transactions, charter, by-laws, etc. Cope, E. D., Philadelphia, Pa. (744) Plaster relief casts of two species of extinct mammals of the age of the Lower Eocene. Phenacodus Veiiticolnvi Cope. Styracotherum Venticolum Cope. Cornell University, Ithaca, N. Y., C. R. Adams, LL. D., president. Annual registers, 1887-89 ; photo- graphs of university buildings and grounds. Dartmouth College, Hanover, N. H., Rev. Samuel C. Bartlett, D. D., LL. D., president. Bound volumes and current numbers of the college periodicals, Dartmouth Lyrics, jEgis, Dartmouth Literary Monthly, and The Dartmouth; illus- trated book called Dartmouth and Vicinity; photographs of buildings, glee clubs, athletic clubs, and edi- torial boards; catalogue. Davenport Academy of Natural Sci- ence, Davenport, Iowa. Five volumes of Proceedings. De Pauw University, Greencastle, Ind. , Bishop Thomas Bowman, D. D., LL. D., president. Two volumes of catalogues, 1874^'88, inclusive; one portfolio of views, etc. DOANE College, Crete, Neb. , Rev. David B. Perry, A. M. . president. Annual catalogue, 1887-)S8; maps of Crete.. Eclectic Medical College, Cincinnati, Ohio, John M. Scudder, M. D., pres- ident. Sixteen volumes of works by the fac- ulty; current numbers of the Eclec- tic Medical Jotimal; catalogues of the institution. Engineers Club of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pa. The constitution, by-laws, and list of membei-s, and current numbers of tlie Proceedings. Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass,,H. P. Bowditch, M. D., dean. Medical publications 1887, 100th anni- versary of founding; coui-ses for graduates and classes; catalogue 1887-'88. Haverpord College, Montgomery Co., Pa., Isaac Sharpless, LL. D., presi- dent. Three photographs and two oatalogues; text-books. EEPOET OF COMMISSIONEE-GENERAL APPENDIX K. 289 Heidleberg College, TiflBn, Ohio, Rev. George W. Willard, D. D. , president. A history of the college; six volumes, written by members of the faculty ; a chart showing the hours devoted to each study by the classes; six photographs. Historical Society of Delaware, Wilmington, Delaware. One volume papers of the Society; one volume description of Wilming- ton, Del. Historical Society of Montana, Hel- ena, Mont. Annual report of the librarian, and a catalogue of the law library; annual report for 1888 of the superintendent of public instruction; a copy each of the Heart of the Continent, Great Falls Tribune, West Shore, and a map of the St. Paul, Minneapolis & Manitoba Railroad. Homeopathic Medical College, Chi- cago, 111., J. R. Kippax, M. D., sec- retary. Announcement for 1888-'89, and text- books by Professors John S. Kipper and E. H. Pratt. Indiana State Medical Society, In- dianapolis, Ind. Four volumes of Transactions. Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Md. Three sets of photographs of the nor- mal sun spectrum; four photographs of the carbon spectrum; twelve neg- atives of the spectrum; four gratings by Rowland, and publications of the University. Kentucky University, Lexington, Ky., Charles Louis Loos, president. A portfoUo containing photographs, catalogues, and blanks of adminis- tration of the College of Liberal Arts. Lafayette College, Easton, Pa., Rev. James H. Mason Knox, D.D. , LL. D. , president. Current numbers of The Lafayette, and one volume of The Melange; stu- dents' publications, and six photo- graphs; illustrated descriptive pam- phlet; annual catalogue, 1887-'89; examination questions. Catalogue of exhibitors— Class 8. Lehigh University, South Bethlehem, Pa., Robert A. Lamburton, LL. D., president. The Lehigh Burr, published by the students; twenty-five photographs of building, faculty, and students, and catalogues. Lick Observatory, Mount Hamilton, California. Thirty-two photographs of the observ- atory, telescope, and moon. Lutheran Theological Seminary, Gettysburg, Pa. Three frames of photographs, charts, etc. Massachusetts College op Phar- macy, Boston, Mass., Charles C. WilUams, Ph. D., M. D., secretary. The course of study; a portfolio of views of the college and students; studejits' works — box of pharma- ceutics prepared by them. Master Car Builders' Association, New York City. Eight volumes of annual reports; five volumes of reports of conventions. Medical College of Virginia, Rich- mond, Va., J. S. D. CuUeu, M. D., dean. Annual catalogue, 1887-88 ; list of graduates. Medical School Catalogues. Collective exhibit from Albany College of Pharmacy, Albany, N.Y. ; Albany Medical College, Albany, N.Y. ; Bal- timore Medical College, Baltimore, Md. ; Chicago College of Dental Surgery, Chicago, 111. ; Chicago Homeopathic Medical College, Chi- cago, lU. ; College of Pharmacy of the City of New York, New York ; College of Physicians and Surgeons, Baltimore, Md. ; Eclectic Medical College, Cincinnati, Ohio ; Hahne- mann Hospital College, San Fran- cisco, Cal. ; Hahnemann Medical Col- lege and Hospital, Philadelphia, Pa. ; Harvard Medical College, Boston, Mass. ; Leonard Medical College, Raleigh, N. C. ; Massachusetts Col- lege of Pharmacy, Boston, Mass. ; Medical College of Virginia, Rich- mond, Va. ; New York College of Dentistry, New York City ; New 290 UNIVERSAL EXPOSITION OF 1889 AT PARIS. Catalogue of exhibitors— Class 8. Medical School Catalo&tjes — Cont'd. York College of Veterinary Sur- gery, New York City ; New York Homeopathic Medical School, New York City ; New York Polyclinic, New York City ; New York Post- graduate Medical School, New York City ; Philadelphia CoUege of Phar- macy, Philadelphia, Pa. ; Philadel- phia Polyclinic, Philadelphia, Pa. ; St. Louis Medical School, St. Louis, Mo. ; School of Pharmacy, Purdue University, Lafayette, Ind. Medical Society op Kings County, Brooklyn, N. Y. Eight volumes of the Proceedings of the society and two volumes of the medical journal pubhshed by the society. Mount Holyoke College and Semi- nary, South Hadley, Mass., Miss E. Blanchard, president. Pamphlet on semi-centennial celebra- tion and history of Mount Holyoke Seminary ; catalogues 1887 to '89 ; photographs, etc. National Lavt School, Washington, D. C. Reports. New Haven Historical Society, New Haven, Conn. Four volumes of papers of the society. New York Academy op Medicine, New York City. Five volumes of the Transactions of the academy and a catalogue of books in the library. New York Hospital Library, New York City, John L. Vandervoort, M. D., Librarian. Charter, etc ; catalogue of books ; one hundred and seventeenth annual report. New York Medical Association, New York. Four volumes of Transactions. New York Polyclinic, New York City. Ten photographs, and order of clinics for 1888-'89. Northwestern University, Evanston, 111., Rev. Joseph Cummings, D. D., LL. D., president. Annual catalogues, 1888-'89 ; blanks Northwestern University — Cont'd. used in making reports, etc. : map of town showing location of buildings; circulars ; syllabus. Parks, C. Welmann, Rensselaer Poly- technic Institute, Troy, N. Y. (299.) A statistical chart of universities, col- leges, science schools, and institu- tions for the superior instruction of woman ; an exhibit of periodicals published by students ; map of the United States, showing the location of public institutions and raih-oads. Parks, M. B., Troy, N. Y. (771.) Books, pamphlets, etc. Publications of the King's Daughters. Philadelphia College op Pharmacy, Philadelphia, Pa. A chart showing plans and views of buildings, number of instructors and students, courses of lectures ; fifteen text books, and catalogues. Regents op the University of the State op New York, Albany, N. Y. Eighteen volumes of regents' re- ports, 1871 to 1888 ; sixteen vol- umes of convocation proceedings, 1872-1888 ; seventeen volumes State museum reports, 1867-1887: three volumes of library reports,1878-1888; one volume historical and statistical record, 1784-1884: two volumes of schedules, 1883-1884. and 1885-1887 ; two volumes index to periodicals, 1887-1888. Rensselaer Society of Engineers, Troy, N. Y. Three volumes of papers of the society. Rhode Island Hospital Library, Prov- idence, R. I., G. L. Collins, M. D., librarian. Two aimual reports and the rules and regulations. Rudy, Charles, Paris, France. (854.) Text-books showing a new method of teaching the Chinese mandarm lan- guages and other language coui-ses. St. John's College, Annapolis, Md.. Thomas Fell, A.M., acting president. A portfolio of views the college ; the course of study ; the annual cata- logue for 1888-'89. REPORT OF COMMISSIONER-GENERAL APPENDIX K. 291 St. Joseph Diocesan College, Tentop- olis, lU., Rev. P. Michael Richardt, O. S. F. , president. Photographs of faculty and classes ; blanks and catalogues. St. Stephen's College, Annandale, N. Y., Rev. R. B. Fairbairn, D. D., LL. D., president. Seven photographs of buildings and students, address attwenty-hfth an- niversary, and proceedings at the laying of the corner-stone; rules, reg- ulations, reports and catalogues — four volumes; college sermons by R. B. Fairbairn: on Morality by R. B. Fairbairn; on Revelation by W. W. Olsen; on Personality by W. "W. Ol- sen; current numbers of the Church- man. Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D. C. Reports, etc. Society foe the Collegiate Instruc- tion of Women, Hakvard Univer- sity, Cambridge, Mass. Reports of treasurer and secretary, contributions, catalogues, and blanks of administration. Swaethmore College, Swarthmore, Pa., Edward H. MagUl, LL. D., pres- ident. Annual Catalogue, 1888'-89; current numbers of Swarthmore Phoenix, and information regarding athletics in the college. The Southern Historical Society, Richmond, Va. Vol. XV of the papers of the society and circulars. Theological Seminary Catalogues. Collective exhibits from Chicago The- ological Seminary, Chicago, 111.; Episcopal Theological School, Cam- bridge, Mass.; MeadvUle Theologi- cal School, Meadville, Pa.*; Rich- mond Theological Seminary, Rich- mond, Va. ; Union Theological Sem- inary, New York City; Williams- port Dickinson Seminary, WiUiams- port. Pa. TuLANE University of Louisiana New Orleans, La. , William Preston Johnson, LL.D., president. Catalogues for 1887-89; catalogue and Catalogue of exhibitors — Class 8. Union for Christian Work, Brooklyn, N. Y. Two annual reports; catalogue of books in Free Library; portfolio of views. Union University, Albany and Sche- nectady, N. Y. Commencement address and catalo- gues, Albany College of Pharmacy; catalogues and addresses, Albany Medical College; constitution and proceedings. Association of Alumni; catalogue of Union College 1888'-89. .United States Geological Survey, Washington, D. C. (757). Reports and charts. (See also Classes 13 and 16.) United States Naval Academy, An- napolis, Md., Commander W. T. Simpson, Superintendent. Text-books used in the academy and circulars of information. United States Signal Service, Wash- ington, D. C. (733). Publications and instruments; charts showing the results of systematic observation, and monographs of de- ductions from the same. {See Classes 15 and 16.) United States War Department, Washington, D. C. Reports of expeditions to Point Barrow and Lady Franklin Bay. University of Illinois, Urbana, 111., SeUm H. Peabody, Ph. D., LL.D., president. Eleven volumes of annual reports; one volume views, drawings, etc.; two catalogues. University of Virginia, University of Virginia, Va., Charles S. Venable, LL.D., chairman of the faculty. Text-books, photographs, etc. Upper Iowa University, Fayette, Iowa, Rev. J. W. BisseU, D. D., president. Annual catalogues and prospectus, 1888'-89;' blanks used in the admin- istration; bound volumes of the Fay- ette Collegian. Ursinus College, Collegeville, Pa., George W. Bowman, president pro tempore. Three numbers of the College Bulletin; proceedings and addresses at the semi-centennial 1886; invitations, and annual catalogue for 1888. 292 UNIVERSAL EXPOSITION OF 1889 AT PARIS. Catalogue of exhibitors— Class 8. Vassar College, Poughkeepsie, N. Y., Eov. James M. Taylor, D. D., presi- dent. Twenty-two photographs of buildings, and three volumes descriptive of Vassar; course of study and cata- ViRGiNiA Historical Society, Rich- mond, Va. Five volumes of historical collections; two volumes of Spottiswood Let- ters; the proceedings of the soci- ety, and circulars. Washington and Lee University, Lex- ington, Va. , General G. W. C. Lee, president. Three volimies of catalogues and ad- dresses; two volumes of text-books and one volume of notes; course of study; two volumes of the South- ern Collegian; portfolio of views. "Wellesley College, Wellesley, Mass., Miss Helen Shaefer, president. Examination papers for entrance, and for the Fi-ench and German courses; students' work in French; students' book; class book of 1886; book of pictures of buildings, and four text- books. Yale University, New Haven, Conn., Rev. Timothy Dwight, D. D.,.LL. D., president. Report of president, 1888; annual cata- logue, 1888-'89. Young Men's Christian Association, New Orleans, La. Constitution and by-laws, report of treasurer, and blanks used in admin- istration of the library. Young Men's Christian Association, New York City, Thomas K. Cree, secretary. (733.) Pictures of American Young Men's Christian Association buildings and statistical information, and reports of the association. Young Men's Christian Association Library, Meriden, Conn., W. A. Venter, librarian. Three catalogues of books; blanks of administration. Young Men's Christian Union, Boston, Mass. Photographs, blanks, and reports. Classes 6, 7, 8.— Technical and Indus- trial Education. Agricultural College Catalogues. Collective exhibit from the Agricult- ural and Mechanical College Of Texas, College Station, Tex.; Iowa State Agricultural and Mechanical College, Ames, Iowa; Kansas State Agricultural and Mechanical Col- lege, Manhattan, Kans. ; State Agri- cultural and Mechanical College, Fort Collins, Col.; State Agricult- ural and Mechanical College, Lake City, Fla.; State Agricultural and Mechanical College, Auburn, Ala.; The Virginia Agricultural and Me- chanical College, Lynchburgh, Va. ALABAMA Polytechnic Institute, Au- burn, Ala., WilUam Le Roy Broun, A. M., LL. D., president. Catalogue and descriptive circular; scholars' work: forty-five plates of drawings in portfolio. Bellevue Training School for Nurses, New York City, Eliza P. Perkins, superintendent. Copies of the sixteenth annual report; photographs of buildings and classes. Bryant, Stratton & Smith Business College, Meadville, Pa. One volume of students" work. Business College Catalogues. Collective exhibit from Albany Busi- ness College, Albany, N. Y. ; Bay- less Business College. Dubuque, Iowa; Bryant & Smith Business College, Manchester, N. H. ; Bryant, Stratton & Smith Business College, Meadville. Pa.: Conynton Business College, Galveston and Houston, Tex.; Detroit Business College, De- troit, Mich.; Dirigo Business Col- lege, Augusta, Me.; Eastman Busi- ness College, Poughkeepsie, N. Y.; Elmira Business College, Elmira, N. Y.; Gaffey's School for Shorthand. New Haven, Conn. ; Kentucky Uni- versity, Lexington, Ky. ; Lowell Commercial College, Lowell, Mass. ; Michaels' Commercial College, Dela- ware, Ohio: Moore's University, At- lanta, Ga, ; Nelson Business College, Cincinnati, Ohio; Northwestern Business College, Madison, Wis.; EEPOKT OF COMMISSIONER-GENEEAL — APPENDIX K. 293 Business College Cataloques — Con- tinued. Packard Business College, New York City; Reading Business College, Reading, Pa.; Rochester Business University, Rochester, N. Y. ; Seattle Business College, Seattle, Wash.; St. Paul Business CoUege, St. Paul, Minn. ; St. Stanislaus Business Col- lege, Bay St. Louis, Miss.; Soule Business College, New Orleans, La. ; Spencerian Business CoUege, Cleve- land, Ohio; Spencerian Business Col- lege, Washington, D. C; Business College, Newark, N. J. : Texas Busi- ness College, Paris, Tex. ; Troy Busi- ness College, Troy, N.Y.; ZanesvUle Business College, ZansesvUle. Ohio. Cooper Union, New York City, George W. Plympton, A. M., C. E., director. Copies of the ninth annual report of the board of trustees; three portfqlios of drawings and twelve oil paintings, all scholars' work. Depabtment of Public Instruction of Illinois, Springfield, 111. Reports of the State superintendent for the years 1867-1886; reports for the Industrial University, 1870-1896. Eastman Business College, Pough- keepsie, N. Y., C. C. Gaines, presi- dent. One case containing photographs of grounds, buildings, and students; ar- tistic pen- work by students; samples of money, cloth, grains, etc., used in the exercises of the school; two port- folios of photographs; one volume of drawings; one volume of catalogues; two volumes of pamphlets concern- ing Poughkeepsie; seven volumes of students' work, and thirty -four vol- umes text-books. Engineering School Catalogues. Collective exhibit from the Alabama Polytechnic Institute, Auburn, Ala. ; Case School of Apphed Science, Cleveland, Ohio; Cornell University, Ithaca, N. Y.; Dakota School of Mines, Rapid City, Dak.; Lafayette College, Easton, Pa.; Lehigh Uni- versity, South Bethlehem, Pa. ; Mas- sachusetts Institute of Technology, Boston, Mass. ; Polytechnic Institute. Catalogue of exhibitors— Classes 6, 7. «. Engineering School Catalogues— Continued. , New Market, Va. ; Rensselaer Poly- technic Institute, Troy, N. Y. ; Ross Polytechnic Institute, Terre Haute, Ind. ; School of Mines, Columbia CoUege, New York City; Stevens Institute of Technology, Hoboken, N. J. ; University of IlUnois, Urbana, 111.; University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Mich. ; University of Wiscon- sin, Madison, Wis. ; Washington and Lee University, Lexington, Va. ; Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Worcester, Mass. Free Evening Industrial Drawing School, Boston, Mass. Students' work. Indian Industrial School, Carlisle, Pa (See Class 6.) Students' work. Kansas State Agricultural College, Manhattan, Kans. Photographs of buildings, plan of grounds; chart of studies, and stu- dents' work in botany, zoology, printing, drawing, and wood-turn- ing. Kjmball, D., Chicago, 111. 1. Text-books ; Shorthand Writer; The Amanuensis and Key to the Aman- uensis ; 2. Circulars. Lehigh University, South Bethlehem, Pa. (See Class 8.) Manual Training School, St. Louis, Mo., C.M.Woodward, director. The following students' work : One hundred and seven plates of di'aw- ings ; three hundred and seventy pieces of work , in wood; joining, pattern work, turning, and carving; two hundred pieces of forge work in iron; one hundred pieces of chipping and machine-finished iron work. Massachusetts Institute of Tech- nology, Boston, Mass., Francis A. Walker, LL.D., president. Two volumes Views of Buildings and Rooms; one volume of Architectural Quarterly; three volumes of Tech- nology Quarterly; one volume of Proceedings of the Society of Arts ; one volume of Notes and Publica- tions of Mechanical Department ; 294 UNIVERSAL EXPOSITION OF 1889 AT PARIS. Catalogue of exhibitors— Classes 6, 7, 8. Massachusetts Institute op Tech- nology— Continued. one volume Notes and Publications of Chemical, Mineralogical, Biological, and Mining Departments ; one vol- ume Notes of Physical Department; three volumes of work by students and laboratory views ; nine volumes of notes and text-books ; one vol- ume of catalogues and president's reports ; Technique for 1885 and 1886; volumes 7 and 8 of the Tech, and catalogues for 1888 and 1889. Philadelphia Manual Training School, Philadelphia, Pa. (498.) Chart showing course of study; four volumes of maps by pupils illustrat- ing the growth of the United States from 1790 to 1880; eleven portfohos of drawings by pupils, free-hand, mechanical, perspective, and charts; one hundred pieces of wood- work, joints, pattern work, turning, and carving; fifty pieces of iron forging; thirty pieces of chipping and ma- chine work; thirteen lead castings ; a Wheatstone bridge ; methods of electric-light wiring; models of dy- namo armatures; standard battery; apparatus for finding magnetic field in dynamo; a table top and door. Eenssblaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy,N.y. (469.) Text-books by H. P. Nason, R. H. Ward, W. P. Mason, De Volson Wood, W. H. Burr, J. A. L. Wardell, and S. Edward Warren; Cleeman's Railroad Engineer in Practice; Au- chinclose Link and Valve Motion; Auchinclose Report on the Paris Exposition of 1867; one volume of Semi-Centennial Celebration of 1874; Biographical Record, by H. P. Na- son; volumes 1 and 3 of Pi Eta Pa- pei's ; volume 1 of R. S. E. papers ; sample and descriptive catalogue of Grinnell fire extinguisher; Thatch- er's calculating machine; specimens of wire rope made by John A. Roeb- ling's Sons ; rail joints made by Clark Fisher; crayon sketches of the first American thurch and the first American school built in Alaska, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, N. Y. — Continued. erected by Dr. Lindsay; maps show- ing railroad lines upon which gradu- ates are employed; six maps of sur- veys made by students; fifteen vol- umes of students' drawings; twenty- nine volumes of publications by graduates; thirty -nine photographs of bridges erected by graduates; thirty-two photographs of buildings and students, and forms. St. Stanislaus Commercial College, Bay St. Louis, Mo. , Brother Osmond, president. Students' work; portfolios: specimens of book-keeping and penmanship; plan of college; map of Bay St. Louis and course of study; speci- mens of drawing; photographs of students and buildings. Smith, W. H., Lexington, Ky. Text-book on book-keeping: a volume containing specimen pen-work. SOCKANOSSET School for Boys. How- ard, R. I., Franklin H. Nibecker, su- perintendent. Files of Howard Times and job print- ing printed by boys; clothes and brushes made by boys; photographs of boys and buildings; vrriting- books and programme of course of study. SouLfe Commercial College, New Or- leans, La., George Soule, principal. Catalogues and text-books. State Agricultural College, Ames, Iowa, W. I. Chambei-lain, A. M. , LL. D., president. Catalogue 1888-89: a volume of photo- engravings. Stevens Institute of Technology, Hoboken, N. J. Volume 4 of Stevens Indicator: The Bolt for 1887; The Eccentric, 1888; text-books and fifteen photographs of buildings and rooms. United States Naval Academy, An- napolis, Md. (See Class 8.) University of Illinois. {See Class 8.) Warren, S. Edward, Newton, Mass. Text-books on stereotomy, descriptive geometry, etc. REPORT OF COMMISSIONEE-GENEEAL APPENDIX K. 295 "Wiley, John & Sons, Astor place, New York,N. Y. (363.) Books. Wood, DeVolson, Hoboken, N. J. Text-books on thermo-dynamics. Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Worcester, Mass., Homer F. Fuller, Ph.D., president. Current numbers of the Worcester Polytechnic Institute; photographs of the editors of the Worcester Poly- technic Institute; catalogues for 1888-'89. Class 9. — Printing and Books. Adirondack Railroad Company, Sara- toga, N. Y. Copies of the " Birch Bark of the Ad- irondacks," specimen advertising publications. American Periodicals. The following publications are repre- sented at the Exposition by the cur- rent numbers : America, Chicago, lU.; American Agriculturist, New York City; American Bookmaker, New York City; American Chemical Journal, Baltimore, Md. ; American Journal of Education, St. Louis, Mo. ; American Journal of Mathematics, Baltimore, Md. ; American Journal of Railroad Appliances, Chicago, 111.; American Machinist, New York City; American Stationer, New York City; American Teacher, Boston, Mass.; Amherst Student, Amherst, Mass.; Argus, Philadelphia, Pa.; Baptist Missionary Magazine, Boston, Mass. ; Baldwin's Textile Designer, Brasher Falls, N. Y.; Black Diamond, Chi- cago, 111.; Brewers' Journal, New York City; Carpentry and Building, New York City; Columbia Spectator, New York City; Columbus Despatch, Columbus, Ohio; Common School Education, Boston and New York City; Crockery and Glass Journal, New York City; D. U. Quarterly, New York City; Drug, Oil and Paint Reporter, Philadelphia, Pa. ; Eclectic Medical Journal, Cincinnati, Ohio; Education, Boston, Mass.; Educa- tional Courant, Louisville, Ky. ; Edu- cational Gazette, Rochester, N.Y.; Catalogue of exhibitors— Class- 9, American Periodicals— ConimMed. Educational News,Philadelphia,Pa. ; Electrical Engineer, New York City; Electrical Review, New York City; Engineering and Mining Journal, New York City; Farm Implement News, Chicago, 111.; Florida School Journal, Lake City, Fla. ; Illinois School Journal, iBloomington, 111.; Indiana School Journal, Indianapo- lis, Ind. ; Indicator, Hoboken, N. J.; Industrial World and Iron Worker, Chicago, 111.; Intelligence, Chicago, lU. ; Johns Hopkins University Cir- culars, Baltimore, Md. ; Journal of Education, Boston, Mass.; Laselle Leaves, Auburndale, Mass.; Maga- zine of Western History, New York City; Maine Historical and Genea- logical Records, Portland, Me. ; Min- nehaha Teacher, Sioux Falls, Dak.; Musical Journal, Philadelphia, Pa.; National Laundry Journal, Chicago, 111. ; New York Observer, New York City; Ogontz Mosaic, Ogontz, Pa.; Pacific Illustrated Press, San Fran- cisco, Cal. ; Paper Trade Journal, New York City; Pen Pulpit, Troy, N. Y. ; Photographic Bulletin, New York City; Political Science Quar- terly, New York City; Popular Edu- cator, Boston, Mass. ; Power — Steam, New York City; St. Nicholas, New York City; School and Home, St. Louis, Mo. ; Science, New York City; Southwestern Journal of Education, Nashville, Tenn. ; Swiss Cross, New York City; Technology Quarterly, Boston, Mass.; Texas Siftings, New York City; The Academy, Syracuse, N.Y.; The Alabama Teachers' Jour- nal, Cincinnati, Ohio; The American Engineer, Chicago, 111.; The Amer- ican Exporter, New York City; The American Garden, New York City; The American Journal of Medical Science, Philadelphia, Pa.; The American Mail and Export Journal, New York City ; The American Rural Home, Rochester, N. Y. ; The Angola Record, Angola, N. Y.; The Ameri- can Stationer, New York City; The American Teacher, Boston, Mass.; The Art Interchange, New York 296 USriVEESAL EXPOSITION OF 1889 AT PAKIS. Catalogue of exhibitors— Class 9. American Periodicals — Continued. City; The Artisan, Cincinnati, Ohio; The Baptist Missionary, Boston, Mass.; The Bee-Keepers' Advance, Mechanics' Falls, N. Y. ; The Boston Globe, Boston, Mass. ; The Brooklyn Medical Journal, Brooklyn, N. Y.; The Building Budget, Chicago, 111. ; The Burlington Hawkeye, Burling- ton, Iowa; The Butchers' Advocate, New York City; The California Cackler, San Francisco, Cal. ; The Carltonian, Northfield, Minn.; The Century, New York City; The Chi- cago Tribune, Chicago, 111.; The Chronicle, Ann Arbor, Mich.; The Clay Worker, Indianapolis, Ind. ; The College Star, Warrenton, Mo.; The Columbia Spectator, New York City; The Commoner and Glass Worker, Pittsburg, Pa. ; The Courant, Welles- ley, Mass. ; The Critic, New York City; The Daily Crimson, Cambridge, Mass.; The Dartmouth, Hanover, N. J.; The Decorator and Furnisher, New York City; The Educational Journal of Virginia, Richmond, Va. ; The Electrical World, New York City; The Electro-Mechanic, Kansas City, Mo.; The Engineering and Building Record, New York City; The Farm and Home, Springfield, Mass.; The Forum, New York City; The Fur Trade Review, New York City; The Furniture Worker, Cin- cinnati, Ohio; The Golden Rule, Bos- ton, Mass.; The Hamilton Literary Monthly, Clinton, N. Y. ; The Harness Gazette, Rome, N. Y. ; The Hat Re- view, New York City; The Haver- fordian, Haverford College, Pa. ; The Hub, New York City; The Indian Helper, Carlisle, Pa.; The Indiana Farmer, Indianapolis, Ind. ; The In- dicator, Detroit, Mich. ; The Inland Architect, Chicago, 111.; The Iron Age, New York City; The Jewellers' Weekly, New York City; The Jour- nal of Education, Boston, Mass.; The King's Messenger, Boston, Mass.; The Lafayette, Euston, Pa.; The Le- high Burr, Soutli Bethlehem, Pa.; The Locomotive Engineer, New York City; The Lumber Trade Journal, American Periodicals — Continued. New York City ; The Lumber Worker, Cincinnati,Ohio; The Massachusetts Ploughman, Boston, Mass. ; The Med- ical News, Philadelphia, Pa.; The Mercantile and Financial Times, New York City; The Metal Worker, New York City; The Millstone, In- dianapolis, Ind. ; The Mississippi Val- ley Lumberman, Minneapolis, Minn. ; The Monthly Pennsylvania School, WiUiamsport, Pa. ; The Mi^numental News, Chicago, 111.; The National Educator, AUentown, Pa. ; The New York Lumber Trade Journal, New York City; The North Carolina Teacher, New York City; The Office, New York City; The Ohio Educa- tional Monthly, Akron, Ohio; Tlie Painters' Journal, Chicago, 111. ; The Pharmaceutical Record, New York City; The Philadelphia Carpet Trade, Philadelphia. Pa.; The Polytechnic, Troy, N. Y. ; The Presbyterian, Phila- delphia, Pa. ; The Press, New York City; The Red Man, Carlisle, Pa. The Sanitary News, Chicago, 111. The Sanitarium, New York City The School Bulletin, Syracuse. N.Y. The School Herald. Chicago, 111. The School Journal, New York City The School Teacher. Winston, N. C. The Silver Cross, New York City The Southern Lumberman, Nash- ville, Teim. ; The Standard, Chicago 111. ; The Stevens Indicator, Hoboken N.J. ; The Street Railway Journal New York City: The Student, Ger- mantown, Pa.; The Sunny Hour, New York Ciiy: The Tech, Boston, Mass. ; The Teacher, New York City; The Teachers' Institute, Chicago. ID. : The Textile Colorist, Philadflphia, Pa.; The Timberman, Chicago, 111.; The Topeka Daily Capital, Topeka, Kans. ; The Ti-ade Bureau, New York City: Tlie Union Signal, Chicago. 111.; The Upholsterer, Philadelphia, Pa. ; The Vassar Miscellany. Pough- keepsle, N. Y. ; The W. P. I. . Worces- ter, Mass. ; TheWeekly Northwestern Miller, Minneapolis, Minn. : The Wil- mington Messenger, Wilmington, N. C: Time, New York Citv: Transac- REPOliT OF COMMISSIONER-GENERAL APPENDIX K. 297 American Periodicals— Conimrted. tions of the American Institute of Electrical Engineers, New York City; Truth, New York City; United States Sewing Machine Times. New York City; Ursinus College Bulletin, Col- legeviUe, Pa.; Watchman, Chicago, 111.; Western School Journal,Topeka, Kans. ; WUliams Literary, Williams- town, Mass.; Wisconsin Journal of Education, Madison, Wis. Anthony, E.& H. T., & Co., New York City. CvuTent numbers of the Photographic Bulletin. Appleton, D., &Co., 105 Bond street, New York, N.Y. (365.) Books. Armstrong & Knatjee, 822 and 824 Broadway, New York, N.Y. (343.) A volume entitled The Manufacturers of the United States for Domestic and Foreign Trade. Ater, H. H. , Lowell, Mass. Almanac for 1889 in twenty-one lan- guages. Bacon, G. A., Syracuse, N. Y. Current numbers of the Academy. Bajrd, Henry, Carey & Co . 810 Wal- nut street, Philadelphia, Pa. (345.) Books. Baldwin, A. A., publisher, Brasher FaUs.N.Y. Current numbers of Baldwin's Textile Designer. Bardben, C.W.,&Co., Syracuse, N.Y. (See Class 6.) Barnard Publishing Company, Hart- ford, Conn. Twenty-eight volumes Barnard's Jour- nal of Education, 1857-1880; eight- een volumes upon educational sub- jects, and twenty-five pamphlets. Barnes, A. S. & Co., Ill and 113 WiUiam street. New York City. (349.) Books. Barbie, George, 1313 Walnut street, Philadelphia, Pa. Books. Beatty, Claudius F. , 107 Prince street, New York, N.Y. Samples of engraving and tip printing shown in the exhibit of R. Dunlap & Co. , manufacturers of hats. Catalogue of exhibitors— Class 9.^ Belden. a. L. ,publisher. New York City. Current numbers of The Fur Ti-ade Re- view and The Hat Review. Bell Publishing Company, 834 Broad- way, New York City. (775.) Copies of The United States Sewing Machine Times and other periodicals. Boston and Maine Railroad Company, Boston, Mass. Advertising publications called Sum- mer Excursions, Down East Latch Strings, and Se^. Shore, Lake, and Mountains. Bowker, R. R., Franklin Square, New York, N.Y. Books and periodicals. Brentano, a., 5 Union Square, New York, N.Y. (543.) Books and periodicals. Brickell, William D. , Columbus, Ohio. Current numbers of the Columbus Despatch. Broen, Josephine de, 3 rue Clavel, Paris, France. (408.) Books, brochures, papers, and photo- graphs connected with the temper- ance society of America (W. C. T. U.) Brown, George P. , Bloomington, 111. Current numbers of the Illinois School Journal. Bureau of Engraving and Printing, Washington, D. C. Specimens of engraving and printing of United States money, bonds, etc. Burgess, Miss M. , Carlisle, Pa. Current numbers of The Indian Help- er and The Red Man. Burr, W. H. , C. E. , Phoenixville, Pa. Text-books on applied mechanics. Butchers' Publishing Company (The), New York City. Current numbers of The Butcher's Advocate. BUTTERWORTH, BENJAMIN, Washington, D.C. Growth of the industrial arts. Carothees, R. H., Louisville, Ky. Current numbers of the Educational Courant. Century Company (The), New York City. (389.) Books and current numbers of the Century and St. Nicholas. 298 UNIVERSAL EXPOSITION OF 1889 AT PAEIS. Catalogue of exhibitors— Class 9. Charles Scribner's Sons, New York City. A copy of the Statistical Atlas. Cohen & Co., Publishers, Cincinnati, Ohio. Current numbers of The Artisan, The Furniture Worker, and The Lumber Worker. Columbia College, New York City. Current numbers of the Columbia Spectator. CONTANSEAU, L,, 171 Broadway, New York City. (343.) Monthly Bulletin. DODD, Mead & Co., 753 Broadway, New York City. (364.) Publications. Educational Publishing Company, Boston, Mass. Current numbers of The Popular Edu- cator. EsTES & Lauriat, 801 Washington street, Boston, Mass. (360.) Publications. FiNDLEY, Samuel, Akron, Ohio. (639.) Current numbers of The Ohio Educa- tional Monthly and National Teach- er. Fishel, Adler & Schwartz, 94 Fulton street, New York, N. Y. (523.) Etchings and engravings. Fox, William F., Richmond, Va. Cun-ent numbers of The Educational Journal of Virginia. Frank's Heirs, Dr. M. Publishers, Phil- adelphia, Pa. Current numbers of The Textile Col- orist. Gallison & Hobron Co. (The), 696 and 698 Broadway, New York, N. Y. (196.) Trade journals and lithographs. Garrett, Martha A. , Germantown, Pa. Current numbers of The Student. Gebbie & Hasson Co., 900 Chestnut street, Philadelphia, Pa. (353.) Photo-engravings. Gebbie & Co. , 900 Chestnut street, Phil- adelphia, Pa. (858.) Publications. OiLLis Brothers & Turnuee, New York City. (413.) A frame of specimens of press work. GiNN & Co. , New York, Boston, Chicago. (803.) Educational text-books. Harris, E. P., New York City. The Street Railway Journal. Harris. J.B., Wilton, Iowa. Book-keeping for the Masses. Harvard Daily Crimson, Cambridge, Mass. One bound volume, No. XIV, and cur- rent numbers of the paper and a photograph of the editorial staff. Habrell, Eugene G., Raleigh, N.C. Current numbers of The North Caro- lina Teacher. Heath, D. C. , & Co. {See Class 7.) Horne, A.R., AUentown, Pa. Current numbers of The National Edu- cator. Houghton, Mifflin & Co., Cambridge, Mass. (359.) The Riverside Press books and pub- lications. House Painting and Decorating Pub- lishing Company, Philadelphia, Pa. Three bound volumes of House Paint- ing and Decorating. Howard Lockwood & Co., New York City. Current numbers of The Paper Trade Journal, American Stationer, Amer- ican Bookmaker, and The American Mail and Export Journal. Inland Printer Co. , 183 Monroe Street, Chicago, 111. Copies of The Inland Architect with specimens of fine printing. Inspector of Finance of Vermont, Woodstock, Yt. Three annual reports of the inspector. Three volumes of laws of Vermont regarding banks, trust companies, etc. Insurance Department op Connecti- cut, Hartford, Conn. Two volumes of reports for 1888. Insurance Commissioners of Kansas, Topeka, Kans. Fourteen volumes of the annual re- ports of the board, 1874 to 1888, in- clusive. Insurance Department, Lansing. Mich. Twenty volumes of annual reports of lire, life, and marine insurance. KEPORT OF COMMISSIONEE-GENEKAL — APPENDIX K. 299 Insurance Department of Pennstl- TANIA. Two volumes of the Fifteenth Annual Report of Life, Fire, and Marine In- surance. Insurance Department of Wisconsin, Madison, Wis. Two volumes of reports of the com- missioners. Interior Department, Washington, D. C. Twenty-three volumes of the Census of 1880, and a Portfolio of Statistical Charts. Two volumes of the Official Register of the United States for 1887. Three volumes of annual re- ports. Bureau of Labor. Three vol- umes of the Land Laws of the United States. One volume of the Public Domain. The Fourth Annual Re- port of the United States Civil Ser- vice Commission. Two volumes of report of the Secretary of the Inte- rior, 1887. Irelan, William, Jr. , State mineralogist of California, Sacramento, Cal. Three annual reports, 1886-88, inclu- sive. IvisoN, Blakeman & Co., New York City. (363.) Books. Johns Hopkins University Publica- tion Agency, Howard street, Balti- more, Md. (351.) Books, photographs, periodicals, etc. Johnson, Charles J., & Co., 105 Mad- ison street, Chicago, 111. (406.) Samples of printing. Johnson, B. F., & Co., 1009 Main sti-eet, Richmond, Va. (667.) , Books, Bibles, albums, etc. Johnston & Co., W. J., New York City. (716.) Current numbers of the Electrical World. Knox, Thomas W., New York City. (703.) Books : Boy Traveller Series, etc. Knox, J. Amory, New York City. Current numbers of the Texas Sif tings. Lindsay, Robert M. , 1028 Walnut street, Philadelphia, Pa. (356.) Books and Etchings. Lippincott, J. B. & Co. , {See Class 6). Catalogue of exhibitors— Class 9. Lothrop, D. & Co., Franklin street, Boston, Mass. (358.) Books. Lowell, John A. & Co. , 147 Franklin street, Boston, Mass. Specimens of Printing from Engraved Steel Plates. MacClurg, a. C. & Co., Wabash ave- nue, Chicago, 111. (350.) Books. Massachusetts Insurance Commission, Boston, Mass. Annual Report of the Commission for 1888. Merriam, G. C. & Co., Springfield, Mass. {See Class 6). Mitchell, J. J. Co. (The), 830 Broadway, New York. (413.) Periodicals. National Academy op Science, Wash- ington, D. C. Three volumes of Memoirs. National Electric Light Association, 16 E. 23d street. New York, N. Y. Five volumes of Official Proceedings. Navy Department U. S. , Washington, D. C. , Bureau of Medicine and Surgery. Ten volumes of the Annual Reports of the Surgeon-General, 1878-1888. Yellow fever on U. S. S. Plymouth and Instructions for Medical Officers. Bureau of Provisions and Clothing. Regulations relating to Pay Depart- ment of the U. S. Navy, Pay-table, Reportof Paymaster-Generalfor 1888. Bureau of Steam-Engineering. Report of a Standard Gauge for Bolt, Nut, and Screw-threads for the U. S. Navy, 1868. Bureau of Yards and Docks. Origin, History, Laws, and Regulations of the United States Naval Asylum at Philadelphia, Pa. Report of Board of Civil Engineers on the Improve- ment of the Naval Station at New London, Conn. Report of Board of CivU -Engineers for the Improve- ment of the Navy-Yai'd at Mare Island, California. Report of the Board of Civil Engineers for the Im- provement of the Navy- Yard at League Island. History of the Navy- Yard at Gosport, Va. 300 UNIVERSAL EXPOSITION OF AT PARIS. Catalogue of exhibitors- Class 9. Navy Department U. S., Washington, D. C. — Continued. Hydrographic OiHce. Publications. Nautical Almanac Office. Publica- tions. New England Publishing Company, Boston, Mass. Current numbers of The Journal of Ed- ucation and the American Teacher. New York Bank-Note Company, 1 Broadway, New York, N. Y. (531.) Specimens of Bank-note Engraving. New York State Agricultural So- ciety, Albany, N. Y. Transactions. Orange Judd & Co., 751 Broadway, New York City. (429) Books. Osman, Brother, Publisher, Ottawa, 111. Current numbers of The Brick, Tile, and Pottery Gazette. Outing Publishing Company, New York City. Two volumes of Wheelman; two Wheelman and Outing; eight Out- ing. Packard, Prof. A. S., Brown Univer- sity, Providence, R. I. Four volumes on Zoology and Ento- mology. Two on Embryology. Perrin & Smith, St. Louis, Mo. Current numbers of the American Journal of Education. Phelps, Geo. M., New York City. Current numbers of the Electrical En- gineer. Photo-Electrotype Engraving Com- pany, 20 Cliff street. New York City. (348.) Photo-engravings. Poor, H. V. & H. W., New York City. Poor's Manual of Raih-oads. 1886, 1887, 1888. Poor's Directory of Railway Officials, 1887, 1888, 1889. Pope, R. W., New York City. Transactions of Society of Electrical Engineers. Prang, L. & Co. , 286 Roxbury street, Boston, Mass. (357) Books and Chromo-lithographs. Public School Journal Company, Mount Washington, Ohio. Current numbers of The Public School Journal. Railroad Commissioners of Alabama, Montgomery, Ala. • Two volumes of Annual Reports of the Board. Railroad Commissioner of Connecti- cut, Hartford, Conn. Twelve volumes of reports of the board. Railroad Commission of Iowa, Des Moines, Iowa. A map of the State of Iowa and nine volumes of the annual reports of the commissioners. Railroad Commissioners of Virginia, Richmond, Va. One volume Report for 1888. Railroad Commission of Wisconsin, Madison, Wis. Six volumes of annual reports of the railroad commission of Wiscinsin. Railway Commission of Ohio, Colum- bus, Ohio. Two volumes of the annual reports of the board. Rand, McNally & Co., 323 Broadway, New York. (198.) Maps, map-cases, and atlases. Ransom, C. M. , 178 Devonshire street. Boston, Mass. (462.) Periodicals. Raub, Albert N., Philadelphia, Pa. Current immbers of the Educational News. Science Publishing Company, New York City. Current numbers of Science and Swiss Cross. Secretary of Internal Affairs, Har- risburg, Pn. Three volumes of the annual report of the secretary. Southwestern Journal of Edu- cation, W. R. Gan-ett and J. L. L;impson. editors, Nashville, Tenn. Current numbers of Journal. State Board op Health, Lansing, Mich. Annual reports of the board; proceed- ings of convention. State Board of Registration of Michigan, Lansing, Mich. Annual reports of the board. EEPORT OF COMMISSIONER-GENEEAL APPENDIX K. 301 State Department, Washington, D. C. Annual reports of the Secretary; con- sular reports. Steakns, J.W., Madison, Wis. Current numbers of the Wisconsin Journal of Education. Stevens Institute of TECHNOLoaY, Hoboken, N. J. Two bound volumes and current num- bers of The Stevens Indicator; The Eccentric for 1888; The Bolt for 1887. Stokes, Fbedekick A., publisher, 183 Fifth avenue, New York, N. Y. (390.) Books. Summers, James Colling, 168 Nassau St., New York City. (308.) A book entitled Who Won ? The Aoneri- can Yacht Record and Guide. Taintor Brothers & Co. ,18 Astor Place, New York City. (396.) Books. Terquem, Emile, 173 Mercer street, New York, N. Y. (133.) Collective exhibit of books, prints, etc. , from a number of American publish- ers. (Special catalogue.) The American Baptist Missionary Union, Boston, Mass. Three bound volumes and current numbers of the Baptist Missionary Magazine. The American Bookseller, New York City. The Engineers' Publishing Company, Chicago, m. Current numbers of the Street Railway Gazette. The Forum Publishing Company, New York City. Five bound volumes of The Forum,and current numbers for 1889. The Manufacturer and Builder. Eight volumes, 1881-1888. The Publishers' Weekly, New York City. Publications. The Trades Publishing Company, Phil- adelphia, Pa. Current numbers of the Philadelphia Carpet Trade. Catalogue of exhibitors — Class 9. The Williams Publishing Company, Cleveland, Ohio. Michael's System of Penmanship. Mi- chael's Compendium of Penmanship. Thomas, B. F., publisher, Chicago, 111. Current numbers of The Painters' Jour- nal. Time Publishing Company, New York City. Current numbers of Time. Tovey, a. E. J., 34 Park Place, New York, N. Y. (773.) Current numbers and bound volumes of The Brewers' Journal. Treasury Department, Washington, D.C. Annual reports of the Secretary of the Treasury. University Publishing Company, New York City. Vaile, E. O., Chicago, 111. Current numbers of Intelligence. Van Antwerp, Bragg & Co. , Cincinnati, Ohio. Current numbers of The Alabama Teachers' Journal. Vermont State Inspector of Finance, Woodstock, Vt. Annual report. Laws of Vermont re- lating to banks, trusts, etc. War Department, Washington, D. C. Surgeon-General's office. Parts of the medical and surgical history of the United States ; annual report of Secretary ; Paymaster-General's re- ports; Quartermaster-General's re- ports ; Chief Engineer's reports and professional papers. Warren S.Edward. ( 01 g .jd «M o a a 2 ^ > ■s t». (11 Oi ^ s PU .a ^ >^ o "^ 'So u 3 o 1 1 t>. -a ^ 01 :S -S a 5 a ■c -4.3 n K -i^ o !S 01 g ^ n +» ■*3 M s CO ^ ■^ n ^ o ->i <£ ^ 03 H ^ a uro S.O ^'J a 4) 3 t^ SS O a a § "^ g."^ a ' ■o ^S 1^ Off ^ o ^ St) «8 ^1 .s u ,2*3 SI O O so O O CD rH (-( fft lO o ■^ s a! la 00 o eo eg 3! Q TH th CO n w iN U3 O O 00 CO i-t rH Tl OT CO ^ 'I = s. a. S 8t- O O i-i f* o o eo «S I> i> O CO ■^ S S S S CO o TH s* "^ 'f! »q i-H O T- oS Ct 64 0> CO O 00 OT CO (Si ^ ^ !-• ■^J ^ — f rl 03 00 c5 CT IH CO ^ I* I ^ ^ g IS 376 UNIVERSAL' EXPOSITION OF 1889 AT PARIS. Maj u-r a) c5 oi 0) S o s- a a wa St- O'S h ^ rt r^-2 S oj S ? 3 Si E S u 5.2 s TO D CL « - * ^fl I> iO « CO o CO OC O CO CO • o -^ 1-1 la 7-1 go" co' oT »n" 00 c50t-csccoc;m^coc« — CO-^i-lOICXOeDCvI— COT o ca CO ci "^ t- 'X »o t- 00 o* et cs OS 0-* o> -^ CO CO CO CD T-i " ?l 5i §8 s g ■■-" iO — 5D t> ^ I- g I-H ^ ^ ^ TfH O T-l CS TH ca O CO Tfi OD o urs irf 00" co' m CD 10 o to 00 O r-< « CO CO -H — . o O CO -f r?t C13 CO W O ^ T-i -; i-i Ci t-( -Tf t~ o ■^ t- O 00 T?cow — c: — t-.^— ■■!-■ ^-llnllr5nr^(?■(c;T-.co^~oo T-ir-'T-e(M(NOTCOCOCO^'3'iniOeD-.0;3<:CJ:-rQO{--'"t>rooor c (D isl^t; ^1 1^ 1— x lOCOeDOCO^lOOI-OCiC: iO'^COOCi->J«Oci5oi-^COO »o" i-i" i~ of t-^ gf io" cs wT CO o' o' c;* o* o" t- cd" 1-t M 10 eo o» as Q OS o O i- — M ir; i- Jr: o !Ccoc*i^.-.C3ir5,-( ir; " o X o o» sc 00 L- c: C< CO O O t- eo o" 3f — ' J- x' eo ' ~ »n CO X X c^ 5* t- £>- C: CS O Ot g S I (5 ^^ l>- cs eo CO CO OS o c^ 10 W CD -t- « i§iii§§lli " cf 2?" N li ^ s^ II I s I i f i 1 1 i i i g I i I o CO on T-i o 1-1 in Si ■?? 00 cT' °° Oi ■^ D- M CO iH 1-1 t»C10SOC0ClCl'^Ql'~>i— 'i— 'O* ojcoT-icoo-^iot-oOi-ii-iaD ooococoeOi~ioiOii:30Ti O « CO or CO to Tt! "* c> S ■^eOMOSlOOt-SOCOSOOSOOCBi-f CO t- t- CO 1-1 00 i-t ra CO w ■* OioeCi-ioOTfM^ CO CS to Ir- Tj< O OI in i> -* 1-1 eo o o t--^OC-iOO-»i'CIi-i'Vi-i0irHOQ03(D00 10t--OiCOi- CO OS <-t in OS ^"1 '^^ H N C4 50 CO "* TM i-< CO t- C3i O « S §5 ?2 o - 1-1 CO §s i i 1 s i f i § § i 1 g 1 co" f i 1 1 i i-T i-i 1-^ 1-1 «■ 1-) M CO « 1-1 ot o» ct CO rfi -I* ■^ lO »o -l- iCi to o CO T}< CO i^ trs 1-1 55 1-1 1-1 o t- ^ to M CO Ci -^ o Ol O O O iH ■«f< CO t- in 03 «0 1-1 "^ i>iOi-icotoeDi-fcoosaQao«3COio *-coeDm«DQOOa3coTc^OQOi-"in 10«5c00S0iOQDO(NC0C0Oi-'Cl cOt^eo-^OiOOsOM iM'^TftiOCOOCOCOtD OTfI>Ol-^coco^-o^.^-lOinr^cg^c2^M^.^. So^oocoocot--in'*oo»ncoooinc--coOTco»o cTi-Tc-i-ieooOi-'OMcsscot^co wosocsMr^^coinOTinojg i-COlf3 05eD60003t-COOCSOO C>Il>i-iOI>IOOt-t-«D iH-gieD-r-rgsoOGOCOgfcn ■i*ooL-ooso-i-iom ,_(,HT-li->0*OTcocooocoinmcD s i I i S & §_ i s s i a i fc g s?_ § g ^^ s 5 « « g OQQ"c>i't:l"cs"cro3'co'e2 Or-10l0010S(SOCO c? oi CO in iHcoi-iint-a^a^a* ©*C0£-C0O00C0O3 t-05*OSi-lr-li>lO 'i-rc^Ncococococo-^co ■^ininoinioco i § I § ^ £ oo in o> S3 S 3 § S S fe CD CO ^ t- t- tH C* Td in ffl T^ tH ■* OS CO o o in m o 00 oi m £- T-( CO O no i-( CO '^ ^ '^ 'co"lOiniO'*'*'*«OlJ3t>"3(i2 ■M7,73r 4,420,643 S, 072. 993 3, 804, 4!)3 Average working cost of producing one ounce of refined silver. 17,(i.\'),387 JO. 832 .51 .01 .433 .525 Total work- ing cost of producing silver. $931,476 121, '.'46 2,696,591 3,495,606 1,997, .338 9, 243, 2;i0 Mesui working cost per ounce. iO..V04 *From the statistics of "Precious Motals Product, United States of America, and n( Moxioo." John J. Valentine, w pres. Wells, Fargo & Co. t Report of the Diri.ctcir of the Jlint upon the production of tlie precious metals in the United States during the calendar year 1887 (page 115). liEPOKT OF COMMISSIONEK-GENERAL---APrE]SrDIX M. 385 There are no ex amples of ores from the Comstook lode in the collection. Specimens are now diflficult to obtain, and there are already fine specimens from the Bonanza mines in Paris, the ores that were exhibited in 1878 through the liberality of Mr. Mackay. Although not now in bonanza, some of the mi n es have been yielding well. There were thirty-five mines or companies in operation on the Comstock lode in 1888, twelve of them producing bullion. The total yield of the lode was over $5,500,000, and the total bullion production of the State of Nevada was, in round numbers, |9, 500,000, a considerable increase above the production in 1887, which was as follows: Product of gold and silver in Nevada for 1887. ChurchiU . . Douglas Elko Esmeralda. . Eureka Humboldt . . Lander Lincoln Lyon Nye Ormsby Storey Wbite Pine . Total . Counties. Gold. J135.00 6,000.00 8,000.00 100,000.00 500,000.00 3i,000.00 3,988.60 63,000.00 3,500.00 1,719,053.94 110,189.08 2, 53?, 851. 56 Silver. 819,875.00 500.00 366,910.00 562,500.00 943,386.61 125,848.75 358, 615. 17 34,866.55 125, 649. 60 334,448.13 1,750.00 !, 626, 383. 41 206,604,42 5,707,276.54 Total. $20,000.00 6,500.00 374, 910. 00 662,500.00 ,443,886.61 159,848.75 358, 616. 17 38,840.15 178,649.50 387,948.13 1,750.00 1,845,386.35 816,793.44 8,245,128.10 The dividends paid for the year amounted to $3,750,000. The Consolidated Cali- fornia and Virginia alone produced over $3,500,000, gross value. The details from the S. F. Report for the last month of the year 1888 will show the general average of the ore and the composition of the bullion: There were worked at the Morgan mill 4,825 tons of ore, yielding bullion of the assay value of $110,497.97, of which $55,502.53 was gold and $55,994.44 was silver. The average yield of the ore per ton in bulUon was $23.90, and the average assay value of the battery samples was $28.37 per ton. There were worked at the Eureka mi ll 6,370 tons of ore, yielding bulUou of the assay value of $149,833.59, of which $77,304.20 was gold and $72,618.39 was silver. The average yield of the ore in bul- lion per ton, at this mill, was $23.53, and the average assay value of the battery samples was $30.48 per ton. There were worked at both mills a total of 11,195 tons of ore, yielding buUion of the gross assay value of $360,320.56, of which $133,706.73 was gold and $137,618.33 was silver. In addition there was produced from the assay clean-up for 1888 from granulations bulUon valued at $1,389.34, and from ashes, sweepings, and slag bullion valued at $5,921.37, making a grand total of $367,631.27 produced and shipped for the fiscal month just ended. The average yield of the ore in bullion per ton was $23.25, of which $11.85 was gold and $11.39 was silver. The average assay value of the battery samples was $29.53 per ton. It is worthy of note that the proportion of gold contained in the Consolidated Cali- fornia and Virginia bullion produced last month exceeded that of the silver. The total production of silver -and gold of the Comstock lode has been made the subject of careful study by Alfred Doten, of Virginia City, Nev.,* who gives * Vide Report on the Production of Gold and Silver by the Director of the United States Mint, 1887. Washington, 1888. H. Ex. 410 35 386 UNIVERSAL EXPOSITION OF 1889 AT PARIS. the following tabular statement. The sources of the figures given are the records of some of the leading representative companies; also the assayers' percentages, and information and data furnished by observant witnesses and competent author- ities. Oold and silver production of the Comstock lode from commencement of operations. Years. Gold. SUver. Total. Years. Gold. saver. Total. 1860 0.. $30,000.00 $80,000.00 1875 e . $15,4'B,312.93 18, 971, 196. 12 $10,330,208.61 12,647,464.08 $35,835,521.54 31,618,660.20 1860 a.. 525,000.00 $225,000. CO 750,000.00 1876e.. 1861a.. 2,450,000.00 1,060,000.00 3,600,000.00 1877e.. 31,780,922.02 14,520,614.68 36,301,536.70 1862 a.. 4,690,000.00 2,010,000.00 6,700,000.00 1878 e.. 11,796,838.46 7,864,555.65 19,661,394.11 1868 6.. 7,440,000.00 4,960,000.00 12,400,000.00 1879 e.. 4,203,091.49 3,601,394.33 7,003,485.63 1864 6'.. 9,600,000.00 6,400,000.00 16,000,000.00 1880/.. 3,077,409.00 2,051,606.00 5,129,015.00 1866 c . . 7,700,231.90 5,I.'i:3,487.93 13,833,719.83 1881/.. 645,372.00 430,248.00 1,075,620.00 1866 c.. 8, 944, 736, 51 5,963,157.67 14,907,894.18 1882/.. 1,046,1178.41) 697,385.60 1,743,464.00 1867 6 . . 8,243,170.80 5,495,437.30 13,738,608.00 1883/.. 1,20,3,809.30 803,539.53 2,006,348.83 1868 6 . . 5,087,861.40 3,391,907.60 8,479,769.00 1884/.. 1,561,313.60 1,277,438.40 2,838,763.00 1869 6.. 4,443,346.80 2,963,331.20 7,405,578.00 1885/.. 1,739,531.25 1,415,071.04 3,144,602.29 1870 d.. 5,222,695.24 3,481,730.16 8,704,325.40 1886/.. 2,054,920.15 1,681,898.31 3,736,818.46 1871 e . . 6,149,717.19 4,099,811.46 10,249,528.65 1887/.. 2,481,176.85 2,080,053.78 4,511,230.63 1873e.. 3,003,187.12 8,668,791.41 21,671,978.53 Total. 190,403,739.41 126,376,706.56 316,680,436.97 1874e.. 3,486,071.09 8,990,714.06 22,476,786.15 - a From Corey, Paul, and Harris, three ot the flret quartz-mill men on Gold CaBon. 6 From J. D. Hague's Report on Mining Industry of the Fortieth Parallel, 1870, competently cor- roborated. c From the records of Wells, Fargo & Co.'s Express. d From oiificial mining data, corroborated and added to by trustworthy information. e From sworn quarterly statements of mining companies to the assessor for bullion tax pur- poses. / From the ofBcial records of mining companies, furnished by secretaries. It is claimed to be more complete and accurate than the figures based on the re- turns to assessors as the basis of taxation. The records for the first two or three years after the discovery were not cai-efully kept, and those given are partly from estimates. It will be noted that they differ somewhat from those given by the writer in 1869 as the product to Januarv. 1868, namely, $81,500,000.* The relative value of the silver and the gold in the Comstock ores is now gen- erally regarded as 60 to 40 ; 60 per cent, in value of silver and 40 per cent, in value of gold. The general average assay value of tailings shows a ratio of 66| to 331. In 1867 and previously, the ratio was 65.3 to 34. 8. f By adding to the total gross yield, as shown in the table ($316,680,435.97), the sum of 111,170,203.62 (the gross valuation of the yield of the tailings), the sum of the yield of the lode is carried to $327,850,639. It is beUeved that if all the product had been carefully and accurately reported and recorded, the gross total would ox ceed $400,000,000 in value. This statement should be accompanied by a reference to the enormous amount expended in opening and working the mines upon the lode, and a tabular statement of assessments and dividends to January 1, 1SS8. is appended. * Report on the Production of the Precious Metals, by Wm. P. Blake p 128 (Paris Universal Exposition, 1367). ' flbid. p. 128. REPORT OF COMMISSIONER-GENERAL APPENDIX M. 387 Assessments and dividends on the Comstock lode to January 1, 1888. Names of mines. Assessments. Dividends. Names of mines. Assessments. Dividends. $800,000 2,270,000 6,050,000 2,615,760 4,115,700 2,652,060 1,963,790 4,197,000 6,542,000 5,086,800 2,609,600 3,967,000 760,000 510,000 1,775,000 30,000 J43,000 5,448,000 343,000 2,673,370 2,614,000 3,737,180 . 3,155,000 3,491,500 $78,000 Yellow Jacket. 2,184,000 $102,500 2,005,970 Crown Point 11,588,000 Ophir 1,595,800 75,502,800 3,826,800 4,460,000 1,598,000 3,080,000 Belcher 15,397,300 nia and Virginia Best & Belcher ' . . . Gould & Curry Savage Justice Consolidated Bowers, and adjacent small Gold Hill mines 4,800,000 Total Gliollar and Potosi 67,418,760 126,719,070 Excess of divi- dends over as- sessments . Alpha . .'. 500,000 59,300,310 Consolidated Imperial. This shows at a glance how unequally the paying ore was distributed along the course of the great lode. The Bullion mine, for example, in the center of the lode, made no return for the sum of nearly four millions of dollars expended in a vain search for ore. So also the Sierra Nevada mine returned only $102,500 in dividends for the six millions and over expended there. The sources of the silver and gold product of the United States during the fiscal year 1887, ending June 1, 1888, stated geographically by States and Territories, were approximately as shown by the table in the Appendix. Alice Gold and Silver Mining Company, WalkerviUe, Mont. — Joseph R. Walker, president; William E. Hall, superintendent. Specimens of Silver Ore from various parts of the lode. These specimens show the nature of the ore and veinstone of a group of lodes traversing the granite formation of Butte, Mont. (For a description in detail, see Trans. Amer. Inst. Mining Engrs., vol. xvi, p. 65.) The ore consists largely of iron pyrite, blende, and galena. In 1887 the average value of the ore per ton, as deter- mined by working, was: Gold, $1.34; silver, $28.23; total value, $2,^.57. The ore is first roasted and chlorodized and is then amalgamated in pans. The mine is worked to a depth of 1,000 feet. The costs in 1886 were for mining, $7.44 per ton, for mill- ing, $7.57, making a total of $15.01 for mining and milling, irrespective of dead-work and improvements to plant and general expenses. During the period of fifteen months to January 1, 1889, 14,529 tons of ore were worked, producing bullion val- ued at $461,127.93. The average per ton saved in gold was $1.97-|-, and of silver $29.48-|- ; total per ton, $31.46-!-. The average percentage of loss in tailings was 3.38 ounces. The weight of each pan charge is 3,800 pounds. The chlorination averaged 88.29 per cent.; the amalgamation, 87.66 per cent.; loss of quicksilver per ton of ore re- duced, 0.95 of a pound. Cost of salt, $11.26 per ton. Cactus Mining Company.— WILLIAM L. Lay, agent, Frisco, Beaver County, Utah. Silver and Copper Ores from the company's mines. Comfort Consolidated Mining Company.— T. H. Wheeler, president; S. Com- fort, treasurer. Gold and Silver Ore from Rocky Bar, Idaho. 388 UKIVERSAL EXPOSITION OF 1889 AT PARIS. Daly Mining Company.— R. C. Chambers, superintendent, Park City, Summit County, Utah. Series of Specimens of the Ores of the mine from all the principal levels. Silver, gold, and lead. This mine is opened upon the western extension of the Ontario Silver Mining Company's ground, 2i miles south of Park City. The shaft is 800 feet deep, and the mine is drained to that depth by the Ontario drain tunnel. The top of the Daly shaft is 300 feet higher than the Ontario shaft. The best or highest grade of ore carrying lead and other metals is selected out and sold to smelting works. The lower grades of ore are treated by the mill processes at the mine. The expenses per ton, 1886-1887, are ofificially reported as follows : Net tons. Per ton. Total expense. Extraction . . Hauling Reduction . . . Sundries Prospecting . 22,088 14,323 12,858 22,088 22,088 Operating expenses . $5.03 .88 11. 5.5 4.66 4.50 $111,055.01 12,670.50 148,530.57 103,009.81 99,429.37 474,695.26 The ore sold to smelters (7,704 tons) averaged | (13,8.58 tons) averaged $44.1.5, and the tailings $4.41. In the year 1888 the production was as follows : .30 per ton, the ore milled Tons. Net value. Ore crushed 31.000 2.500 8803,000 Total 23,500 1,000,000 Dividends of i?37,500 were paid each month, aggregating $450,000 for the year and $833,500 in all. Men employed at mine 240 Men employed at mill 65 Total 305 The mill has been modified and added to for the introduction of the Russell leach- ing process, intended to treat 130 tons of ore each day. Lexington Mine— " Soci6te Anonynip des Mines de Lexington."— Charles C. RUEOER, supermtendent, Walkerville, Mont. Specimen of Silver Ore, from tho vein worked by the company. The veins worked by the Le.xington Company are neai-ly parallel and just east of the Rainbow lode, worked by tho Alice Company, and ti-averse the same granite formation. They comprise a group, located as the Lexington, Atlantic. Wild Pat, Alice Brown, Millsite, and Waterloo, all worked through one shaft. A French company puivhiiseil the property in 1881 and incorporated as the SocUte Anouymc dex ^[iltes de Lexington. The surface improvements are complete, and all underground machinery is run by compressed air. The mill is one of the best in the distiict, aud is a short distance from shaft, connected by a tramway. It has sixty stamps, witli KEPOET OF COMMISSIOKER-GENEEAL APPENDIX M. 389 a capacity of about 65 tons per day; 160 men are employed in and about the mine and mill. The production of the mine for the year 1888 was 749,883 ounces of silver and 7,324 ounces of gold from 34,594 tons of ore. Ontario Silver-Mining Company. — R. C. Chambers, superintendent. Park City, Summit County , Utah. Series of Samples op Ore containing silver, gold, and lead, from the differ- ent levels of the mine from the 300-foot level to the 1,000-foot level. This mine has been worked to a depth of 1,000 feet, and for a distance on the vein of over 4,000 feet. The main chute of ore opened by the principal workings measures over 3,600 feet horizontally. The mine is drained by an adit to a depth of 600 feet. Anew drainage tunnel is in progress from the east side of the mountains, intended to drain the lode to a depth of 1,400 feet. This will be about 14,000 feet long, and will require several years for its completion. The production of the mine in 1887 was 1,728 bars of silver bullion, weighing 1,068,983.50 ounces fine silver, valued at $1,018,706.57, besides ore and concentrate sold, netting $1,794,193.08. The average silver content of the ore raised was 47.4 ounces. The tailings contained 4.26 per cent. Extraction by amalgamation, 91 per cent. The total cost of the production per ton was $34.97, distributed as follows: Net tons. Total cost. Cost per ton. Extraction Sundries Prospecting Keduction Builion expense . Hauling to mill . Total 34,000 34,000 34,000 24,427 24,427 $245,960.99 79,498.07 149,058.62 228,847.76 25,837.78 13,743.24 $7.24 2.33 4.38 9.37 1.08 742,946.46 24.97 According to the Salt Lake Tribune, the product of the mine for 1888 was: Tons. Value. 25,000 7,700 $980,000 750,000 Total 32,700 1,730,000 The number of the men employed at the mine was 350, and at the mill 75. No. 8 shaft was sunk to a depth of 1,300 feet. This company has paid over $10,000,000 in dividends to the shareholders. Silver King Mining Company, Mines at Silver King, Pinal County, Ariz. — Joseph Nash, secretary, San Francisco, Cal. Contributor by request. Silver Ore from the company's mine. Four samples. Silver Ore, concentrates sample as shipped. Assay value $815 per ton of 3,000 pounds. Lent by W. P. Blake. Stromeyeritb — (Silver-copper glance.) Massive Specimen associated with Heavy Spar. Contains about 51 per cent. 6t Silver and 30 per cent, of copper. Specific gravity 6.33. For notice of composition and association see " Description of the Silver King Mine of Arizona," by W. P. Blake, page 39. 390 UNIVERSAL EXPOSITION OF 1889 AT PAEIS. The Silver King Mine, in Arizona Territory, about 1,000 miles from San Francisco, is remarkable for its yield of silver ores without gold. Native silver, argentite, stromeyerite, argentiferous blende, and argentiferous galena are the principal species. The veinstone is quartz and barite. The property affords also one of the few examples of mechanical concentration of silver ore preparatory to its reduction. In this instance the ore as it is raised from the mine is first broken in a Blake crusher, then stalmped and passed over Frue tables. The concentrate, as shown, is shipped in sacks to San Francisco. The vein formation is peculiar and variable. The production has been large, and nearly $2,000,000 have been paid in dividends, but at present the ore supply is insufiacient to keep the mill running, and prospect- ing is in progress. Depth of workings 900 to 1,000 feet. COPPER. The following tabular summary* shows the production and sources of copper in the country from 1883 to 1887 inclusive. Copper production of the United States. 1882. 1863. 1884. 1885. 1886. 1887. Pounds. Pounds. Pounds. Pounds. Pounds. Pounds. Lake Superior 56,982,765 59,702,404 69,353,202 72, 148, 172 79,890,798 75,471,890 Arizona 17,984,415 23,874,963 26,734,345 22,706,366 15,657,035 17,720,462 Montana 9,058,284 24,664,346 4S,093,0M 67,798,864 57,611,621 78,699,677 869,489 823,511 59,460 876,166 79 839 558,385 283,664 California 826,695 1,600,862 496,033 430,210 1,600,000 Colorado 1,494,000 1,132,652 2,013,125 1,146,460 409,306 2,012,027 Utali 603,880 341,885 285,526 166,199 500,000 2,500,000 100,000 962,468 350,000 288,077 100,000 46 667 8,871 40,381 190,000 211,602 50,000 Idaho Middle States 294,695 1,555,000 324,706 612, 124 232,114 ■ 904,423 New England 815,719 200,000 Soutliern States 400,000 395,175 317,711 40,199 29,811 Lead refiners 125,000 782,880 950,870 910, 144 1,282,496 2,432,804 Domestic produc- tion 90,646,232 .115,526,053 144,940,653 165,875,766 156,735,381 180,920,524 Imported ores 1,000,000 1,625,742 2,358,754 6,0.-.6,841 4,500,000 3,750,000 Total production. ■91,046,282 117,151,795 147,805,407 170,962,60; 161,235,381 184,670,524 80.000,000 30,000,000 35,000,000 40,000,000 177,803,407 200,962,007 190,233,881 224,670,624 From returns specially procured and published by the Engineering and Mining Journal it appears that the three principal copper producing regions, Lake Superior, Montana, and Arizona, produced in 1888 an aggregate of 218,500.000 pounds; and various other sources 12,500,000 pounds, making in all a total production from do- mestic ores of 231,000,000 pounds, and including copper from foreign oi-es, a grand total production of 236,000,000 pounds, or 105,357 -jross tons. This exceeds tlie pro- duction of 1887 by about 51,000,000 pounds, or 37i per cent. *From the article on " Copper," by C. Kirchoff, jr., prepared for the official Re- port on the Mineral Resources of the United States, 1887. EEPOET OF COMMISSIONER-GENEEAL APPENDIX M. Copper production of Lake Superior mines. 391 Calumet and Hecla. Quiucy Osceola Franklin Allouez Atlantic Caintral Copper FaJls. 1887. Pownds, 46,016,133 5,603,691 3,674,972 3,915,838 885,010 3,741,865 2, 199, 133 660,000 1888. Pounds. 50,403,000 6,500,000 4,130,085 3,623,003 350,000 4,000,000 1,800,000 71,090 1,200,000 Huron Ridge Wolverine Tamarack . . . Kearsarge. .. Evergreen Tributers, etc . Total . 1887. Founds. 1.484,103 84,902 2,300 7,396,529 21,237 50,000 76,471.890 1888. PouTids. 2,360,552 51,000 11,411,335 831,856 41,000 79,089 86,850,000 Copper production of Arizona. Copper Queen . Old Dominion . . Arizona Copper Detroit United Verde.. Other mines — Total . . . 1884. Pounds. 7,700,000 7,400,000 3,760,000 2,940,000 3,680,000 1,254,345 36.734,345 1885. POUTlds. 6,721,535 4,688,640 6,832,880 3,456,000 1,007,301 22,706,366 Pounds. '3,800,000 4,667,666 5.350,000 2,135,000 16.000.000 1887. Pounds. 5,945,550 1,444,770 5,714,000 4,404,331 272.124 17,790,000 1888. Pounds. 9,379,949 4,870,000 7,13:3,188 5,420,234 3,300,000 3,196,639 33,300,000 Copper production of Montana. . Anaconda Parrot Boston-Montana Liquidator Clark's Butte Reduction Works Williams AH others Total . 1884. Pounds. 33,000,000 9,300,000 6,600,000 600,000 3,000,000 1,693,054 43.093,054 1885. Pounds. 36,000,000 9,809,000 7,500,000 10,000,000 3, 500, 000 1,300,000 87,798,864 1886. Pounds. 33,267.864 10,000,000 500,000 1,500,000 7,000,000 1,700,000 2,000,000 1,648,631 57,611,485 1887. Pounds. 57,000,000 10,000,000 • 1,500,000 7,100,000 1,565.000 1,500,000 78,700.000 Pounds. 63,245,473 10,750,000 18,273.667 700,000 3,531,565 *1, 488, 000 98,500.000 "The Colorado Smelting and Mining Company. SUMMARY. Pounds. Domestic production 23J 000 OOO From imported ores 5,000,000 Pounds. Lake Superior 86, 840, 000 Arizona .- 33, 200, 000 Montana 98,600,000 New Mexico 2,000,000 Colorado 3, 000, 000 Utah 2,600,000 All other sources 4, 960, 000 Deduct exports in ore, matte, ingots, etc 78 000 000 Consumption in 1888 jgg gog ggg Total production 336, ooO, OOO Stocks, December 31. 1888 40,000 000 Available supply aro, 000, 000 Stocks on hand December 31, 1888 , ''ra'ooo'ooo. 392 UNIVERSAL EXPOSITION OF 1889 AT PARIS. The quantity of electrolytic copper produced was about 17,000,000 pounds. In regard to the imports and exports of copper the Engineering and Mining Jour- nal says : " From official data we get the exports of copper for eleven months from all parts of the United States, and we have added the exports for Dtcember from the port of New York. We have carefully estimated the copper in ore, matte, etc., exported, and thus estimate the total exports as about 78,000,000 pounds. The imports were mostly in ore, which produced, as already stated, 5,000,000 pounds of copper." United States copper imports. Years. Bars, ingots, and pigs. Old, fit only tor re- manufacture. Fine copper con- tained in ores. Begulus and black copper.* Quantity. Value. Quantity. Value. Quantity, Value. Quantity. Vaiue. 1867 Pounds. 1,635,953 61,394 13,222 6,167 3,316 2,638,589 9,697,608 713,935 58,476 5,881 , 830 1 2,515 1,248,103 219,802 6,200 S287,831 6,935 2,143 418 491 678,905 1,984,122 134,326 10,741 788 30 352 206,121 36, 168 836 Pounds. 669,732 318,705 290,780 255,386 369,634 1,144,142 1,413,040 733,326 396,320 239,987 219,443 198,749 118,642 195,355 541,074 508,901 330,495 149,701 81,312 41,025 37,786 881,930 42,662 34,820 31,931 46,672 178,536 255,711 137,087 55,584 36,545 28,608 25,685 11,997 91,234 63,883 59,629 36,166 18,099 6,658 2,617 2,198 Pounds. $936,271 197,203 448,487 134,736 42,463 69,017 80,132 70,633 161,903 68,922 9,756 11,785 6,199 173,712 124,477 147,416 113,349 219,967 313,793 413,276 209,005 426,000 Pounds. 1868 3,496,994 24,960,604 1,936,875 411,315 584,878 702,086 606,266 1,337,104 538,972 76,637 87,039 51,959 1,165,283 1,077.317 1,473.109 1,115,386 2,204,070 3,665,739 4, 123, MS 4,14SI,4ia 5,432,000 1869 1870 1871 , . 489 4,247 1,444,339 28,880 12,618 8,584 1,874 $60 1,083 279,631 6,397 2,076 1,613 260 1872 1873 1874 1875 1876 1877 1878 1879 1880 1881 1888 2,201,394 402,640 284,052 337,163 51,633 30,018 1883 1884 1886 1886 1887 1888 642 914 159 415 74,000 107 172 24 40 5,625 2,036 285,322 186,887 39,094 204 20,807 14,963 1,443 Copper exported from the United States. Fiscal years ending June 30. 1867 1808. 1809. 1870. 1871. 1872, 1873 1874 1876. 1870. Ore. Quantity. Value. *Cwts. 87,731 93,618 181,418 tl9,198 1-54, 445 85,664 46,252 13,326 t51,806 15,304 $317,791 442,921 237, 424 537,505 727,213 101,752 170, 365 110,450 780, 678 84,471 Pigs, bars, sheets, and old. Quantity. Value. Pounds. 4,687,867 1,360,896 1,184,860 8,214,658 581,0.50 207,868 88,968 503.100 5,123,470 14,804,160 $308,048 327,387 288,933 885,815 133,020 64,ai4 10,423 123,457 ,048,536 1,098,395 Value of manu- factured. $171,068 152,201 131,842 118,926 85,198 181,189 78,388 883,801 48,163 348,644 Total value. $791,901 983,409 592,698 1,043,946 916,481 287,785 259, W6 467,308 1.815,366 3,536,410 EEPOET OP COMMISSIONER-GENEEAL APPENDIX M. Copper exported from the United States — Continued. 393 Fiscal years ending June 1877, 1878 1879 1880 1881 1882 1883 1884 1885 1886 1887 Ore. Quantity. Value. *Cwts. 31,432 32,947 23,070 21,623 9,958 23,936 112,923 386, 140 432,300 544,020 307,880 754,420 109, 169, 102, 55, 51, 89, 943, 1,930, ;,739, Pigs, bars, sheets, and old. Value of maim- faotiffed. Quantity. Value. Pounds. . 13,461,553 2,718,213 195,730 11,297,876 2.102,455 217,446 17,200,739 2,751,153 79,900 4,206,^58 867,242 126,213 4,865,407 786,860 38,0^6 3,340,531 565,895 93,646 8,221,363 1,293,947 110,286 17,044,760 . 8, 52?, 829 137,135 44,731,858 5.339,887 107,536 24,292,393 8,493,898 108,971 19,735,666 1,947,900 85,623 31,425,754 4,871,647 120,374 Total value. 8,488,981 8,933,205 849,218 876,395 748,456 2,348,004 5,595,859 10,187,024 5,671,748 3,727,402 11,492,021 * One hundred and twelve pounds, t Evidently errors in quantities. Average price per pound (in cents) of Lake copper at New York. Year. Jan. Feb. Mar. AprU. May. June. July. Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. m 23} 23} 23} 83} 82} 81} 31} 81* 21} 20} 20 m 19} 19} 19} 19} 18} 17} 18} 19} 20} 81}. 24} m 26} 34 33} 81} 81} 23} 34} 33} 29}' 31} 31 33 36 84 30} 30} 30} 30} 30 31} 33} 36} 38} 40i 414 42 43} 43} 46} 39} 51} 50 47} 48 49} 48} 45 39} 34} 33 89} 89} 31} 31} 33} 39} 42} 40 36} 33} 39} 89} 32} 32} 30} 31} 30} 38} 27} 88} 27} 33} 24 34} 24} 25 26 26} 34} 22} 22} 88} 23} 33} 83} 34} 23} 83} 84} 33} 83} 23} 84} 36 86} 35} 83} 24 22} 33 83} 33} 88} 82} 21} • 21t 80} 19} 19} 19 19} 30} 30} 21} 81} 83} 88} 23} 81} 21} 31} 31} 31} 32} 33} 23} 23} 84} 86} 27i 88} 33 41} 36} 33} 33} 33} 33} 38} 31} 38} 34} m 34} 33} 31} 29} 21} 27} 26 23} 82} 84} 24i 34} 24} 24} 84} 24} 21} 30 81} 21} 21} 83} 23} 22} 31} 21} 21} 28} 28} 33 83} 23} 23 23} 23} 82} 33 23 21} 20 19} 19 30 20} 20} 19} 19} 19} 19} 19} 19} 19} 19 18} 18 17} 17} 17} 17} 17} 17 16} 16} 16} 16} 16} 16 15} 15} 15} 15} 15} 15} 15} 16 16} 16 16} 16} 19} 21} 21} 23 24} 23} 33} 19 18} 18} 19 18} 18} 18} 19 19} 19} 19} 18} 18} 17 16} 16} 17} 18} 18} 19} 30} 19} 19 18} 18} 18} 18} 18} 18} 18} 18 18 18 17} 17} 15} 13} 13} 15 13 13} 15} 15 14} 14} 14} 14} 14} 14} 14} 14 13} 13} 13 12} 11} 11} 11} 10} 11 11} 11} 11} 11} 11} 11 11 11} 11} 11} 11} 11} 10} 10 10 10 10} Hi 12 13 Hi 11 10} 10} 10 10 10} 10} 10} ,10} 12} 17 16} 16} 16} 16} 16} 16} 16} 16} 17} 16} 16} 16} Year. 1860. 1861. 1862. 1863. 1864. 1885. 1866. 1867. 1868. 1869. 1870. 1871. 1873. 1873. 1874. 1875. 1876. 1877. 1878. 1879. 1880. 1881. 1883. ^1883. 'l884 , 1885.. 1886., 1887. , 1888.. 83} 19} 25} 32} 46} 36} 31} 85} 30} 82} 33 29 83} 23} 21 18} 16} 17} 30} 18} 18} 15} 13} 11} 11 11} 18} 394 TJNITEESAL EXPOSITION OF 1889 AT PARIS. Prices of Chili bars in pounds sterling per ton of 2,240 pounds. Year. Stocks. Jan. Feb. Mar. April. May. June. July. Aug. Sep. Oct. Nov. Dec. Year. Tons. 1866 29,388 95 93 88 86 80 83 79 74 83 80 76 73} 82} 1867 38,084 70 76 74 71 71 73 70} 68 73} 68} 68 69} 71} 1868 33,600 67 69} 71 73} 77} 77 75 68} 68 67 69 69 71 1869 41,981 73} 73} 72} 71 70} 68 67} 68 68} 67} 67} 68} 69} 1870 43,365 m 66} 66} 65} 67} 67} 68} 63} 63} 63} 63} 68} 65} 1871 40,092 m 63J 64} 64} 65} 67} 68} 68} 67} 68} 68 76 67} 1872 36,497 86f 85 83} 99} 101 107} 103 102 91 83} 86 84} 92} 1873 41,038 91 87i 8 91 88} 84} 80} 81} 84} 83 83} 83} 85} 1874 36,868 83i 81} 77 75 74 74 78 76 77} 80 83} 83} 78} 1875 36,316 84 83 82 80 83 83 88 79 82} 82} 88 87} 82} 1876 36,962 81i 81 76} 77} 79} 77} 74} 72} 71} 72} 76} 81 76} 1877 42,813 76} 73 71} 70} 68} 69 69 69 67} 66} 65} 76} 70} 1878 48,399 65} 65} 63 68 62 64} 64 61} 61} 60 57} 63} 63} 1879 57,837 58 56 54} 56 66 65 66 53} 54} 58} 66 58} 58} 1880 63,855 65} 73} 70} 65} 60 56} 60 61 61} 61} 61 66} 63} 1881 68,149 61} 62 61 61 59 59 58} 59 59 62} 63} 67 61} 1882 49,696 71 64 64 64} 63} 63} 67 68} 67} 71 69 66} 67 1883 49,878 65 65 65 64} 62} 8S} 64 63} 64 63 61} 59} 63} 1884 45,880 56J 56} 53i 56} 56 64} 65 53} 54} 58} 51} 47} 53} 1885 55,939 48} 47} 46} 44} 44} 44} 44} 43} 41} 39} «t 41} 44 1886 61,741 40i 40} 43} 41} 40} 39} 39} 39} 40} 41} 401 39} 40} 1887 43,301 38} 39} 39} 39} 39} 40 40 40} S9i 44} 66} 76} 45} 1888 104,000 85 m 78J 80} 80} 80} 81 80} 89 100 78} 77} 82} Anaconda Mining Company, Butte City, Mont. — J. B. Haggin, president; Marcus Daly, superintendent. Copper Ore and Products from the company's mine at Butte City and the smelter at Anaconda. Copper Ore— JFirst-class smelting ore. Copper Ore — Second-class concentrating ore. Copper Ore — Cruslied and concentrated. A' series of ten samples of the crushed ore and products in glass bottles. 1. Crushed Ore as fed to the jigs. 3. Jig Concentrater, coarse. 3. Jig Concentrater, fine. 4. Jig Tailings. 5. Concentrates from round table. 6. Calcined Ore. 7. Copper Matte, coarse. 8. Copper Matte, fine. 9. Granulated Slag. 10. Free-Milling Silver Ore ; crushed by steam-stamp. Tills property is described by the Financial and Minmg Record, January, 1889, as follows : " This property is located northeast of Butte, and is a pai-t of the great copper belt that half circles the city. Adjoining it on the east is the St. Lawi-ence, a compan- ion mine, which is quite, rich in metal, but has not been so extensively worked. The Anaconda was purchased in 1878 by Marcus Daly for $30,000, representing J. B. Haggin; it was then only a prospect. The St. Lawrence w.as also bought later. Work was at once begun and from first blast became a paying investment. Mr. REPORT OF COMMISSIONER-GENERAL APPENDIX M. 395 Daly has always been the manager. Both mines have a three-compartment shaft the former 1,000 feet and the latter 680 feet deep. On all levels between third and eighth the two mines are connected, and some stoping has been done, but nothing to be compared with the vast field yet to be worked. There are miles of drifts and cross-cuts tapping ore bodies which vary in size, but which have an average of 50 feet in width for a distance of 3,000 feet. The double hoisting engines are 20-inch cy Under and 60-inch stroke. Each roll carries 1,500 feet of steel- wire cable and has carrying capacity of 3,000 feet. Two No. 10 Burleigh air-compressors furnish air and drive the forty-two 3-inch and 17i-inch drills. They have ten pumps in use for draining mine. Fifty thousand feet of timber are used a day for timbering mine. The average width of vein is 50 feet, and as depth is reached there has been an increase. There are on dump of mine 100,000 tons. During year 600,000 tons have been shipped. The matte shipped from smelters during year has been 130,000,000 pounds. Eight hundred men are employed in and about the njine." It is reported also that the smelter, mills, and mines represent an investment of $20,000,000. With the new plant at Anaconda, recently partly destroyed by fire, it was expected to be able to crush and concentrate 3,500 tons of ore a day. Bristol Copper and Silver Mining Company. — E. G. Hubbel, manager, Bristol, Conn. Vabiegated Copper Ore. Yellow Copper Ore. Yellow Copper Ore and Quartz. Purple Copper Ore and Gangue. Cactus Mining Company, William L. Lay, agent, Frisco, Beaver County, Utah. Copper and Silver Ores from the mines of the company. Copper Basin Mining Company, Copper Basin, near Prescott, Ariz. Collected at the locality by W. P. Blake, and presented to the collection by Mr. Williams, superintendent. Cofper Ore, Malachite in Sandstone. Copper Ore, Malachite in Conglomerate. Copper Ore, Malachite, and Azurite deposited in bowlders. Granite, containing Yellow Copper Ore. These ores are especially interesting for the manner of their origin. They are evidently the result of the infiltration from above of cupriferous solutions derived from decomposing copper pyrites disseminated in the subjacent granite. The cop- per carbonate appears as a superficial coating upon the grains and pebbles which constitute 80 per cent, and over of the weight. The deposit throws light upon the origin of other and somewhat similar deposits of copper in sandstone and conglom- erate. (See Notice of the Origin of the Copper Ores of Copper Basin, Ariz. , by William P. Blake. — Trans. Amer. Inst. Min. Engrs., 1889.) Copper Queen Mine, Bisbee, Ariz. Copper Ore. Presented by Thomas Price, San Francisco, Cal. The product for the year 1888, as we are officially informed, was 9,380,000 pounds of copper 96 per cent. fine. At the same time the Holbrook & Cave properties, adjacent to the Copper Queen, whose ores were smelted at the works of the Copper Queen, aggregated 3,060,000 pounds, making the product of the district 13,440,000 pounds copper 96 per cent. fine. Copper Claim, Sierra County, Cal. Peacock Copper Ore, contributed by Thomas Price, San Francisco, Cal. 396 UNIVERSAL EXPOSITION OF 1889 AT PAEIS. liBAD. According to the Engineering and Mining Journal, the production of lead in the United States in the year 1888 amounted to 189,000 net tons, coming approximately from the sources foUowing: Colorado, 65,000 net tons; Utah, 23,000: Idaho and Montana (being chiefly from Idalio), 39,000 tons. The production for the past fif- teen years has been as follows: Production of lead in the. United States— net tons. Year. Arizona and CaU- fornia. Colorado. Idaho and Mon- tana. Missouri, Kansas, Illinois, and Wis- consin. Nevada. Utah. Other States. Total pro- duction (tons). 1878 56 312 818 667 897 6,369 28,674 35,674 40,547 55,000 70,557 63,165 22,881 ..,, 15.000 20,000 19,000 25,000 27,000 21,000 14,000 15,000 24,000 80,000 29.000 28,000 28,000 24,000 22,000 22,000 5,108 81,768 15,123 11,982 8,127 5,858 4,171 2,802 8,942 10.285 2,600 6,256 42,540 1874 52,080 1875 24,699 26,421 31, 152 26,770 28,180 27,690 80,770 29,015 21,000 19,070 59,640 1870 64,070 1877 19,724 31,003 22,805 10,659 12,826 8,590 6,000 4,000 3,500 3,400 3,400 81,900 1878 91,060 1879 92,780 1880 97,825 1881 117,085 1882 182,890 1883 1884 1885 3,200 4,300 11,000 14,500 143,957 189,897 129,412 1886 59,000 03,000 05,000 17,000 27,000 39,000 22, axi 28,000 83,000 14.229 16,300 30,000 185,029 1887 1888 1,000 160,700 189,000 Mr. J. J. Valentine, of Wells, Fargo & Co. , reports the total value of the lead pro- duced in 1888 in the States and Territories west of the Missouri River at $11 ,263,630. The total product of Leadville for 1888, as reported in the sevei-al tables of the Herald- Democrat of that place, was thus distributed: Value. Lead. SUver, Gold. Arkansas Valley Smelting Company American Mining and Smelting Company Harrison Reduction Worlds «S,598,'i82.n7 2,014,141.01 1,280,058.14 829,525.11 2,064,908.96 720,639.09 681,255.00 1,080,913.41 658,881.89 25,993.00 69,011.80 Pounds. l.">.882,540 14,658,430 8,300,546 0,078,300 14,091,679 7,807,871 Ounces. 1,712,7.88 1,414,059 869,055 487,033 1, -17,002 889,974 684,855 379,014 Ounces. 2.71)2.07 1,666.00 4 7*^7 13 Mauville Smelting Company ... . 5,110.37 1,185.44 220 60 Omalia-Grant Smelting and Refining Company. . . Boston-Colo Smelting Company 1,065.00 Franldin Ballou 16,010,810 Philadelphia Smelting and Refining Company , , , N<^w York and San Juan Smelting Company Qold mines and placers Total production 11,880,205.48 82,890,088 7.845,675 17.»12.61 [Qold has been calculated at the rate of $20.67 per ounce, with silver at .93i.] REPORT OF COMMISSIOKER-GENERAL APPENDIX M. 397 The total production, by value, of the lead and silver of Leadville from 1860 to December 31, 1888, has been about as follows: Years. Production. Yea^s. Production. 1860 to 1879 $10,700,000 10,333,700 16,035,135 13,147,857 17, 12?, 408 15,538,446 13,837,497 1885. 1886. 1887 1888. $18, 357, 662 1879 13,760,832 1880 12, 078, 967 1881 11,830,205 1882 1883 144,781,144 1884 The following statement of the quantity and value of the lead imports and exports is chiefly from the article on "Lead" by C. KirohofE, jr.* United States imports and exports of lead. Fiscal years ending June Imports. Total imports. Pigs and bars. Sheets, pipe, and sliot. Old and scrap. Not specir fled. Total exports. Pounds. Value. Pounds. Value. Pounds. Value. 1867.... 1868.... 1869.... 1870. . . . 1871 ... 1878.... 1873.... 1874 65,322,933 63,854,677 87,865,471 85,893,734 91,496,715 73,086,657 73,433,641 46,305,104 32,770,713 14, .339, 366 14,583,845 6,717,058 1,316,500 6,733,706 4,323,068 6,079,304 4,037,867 3,072,738 5,868,474 11,005,083 11,148,811, $2,812,668 8,668,915, 3,663,481 3,530,837 3,721,096 8,939,633 3,333,011 8,331,817 1,559,017 683,138 671,483 394,233. 42,983 246,016 189,129 802,603 130,108 85,395 143,103 294,856 328,256 186,825 143,137 307,424 141,681 86,712 12,518 103 $9,560 7,339 15,531 6,879 4,809 859 13 1,356,233 2,465,575 3,983,273 3,756,765 8,289,688 4,257,778 3,545,098 395,516 '388,150 865,860 849,645 106,342 43,883 313,063 133,018 830,703 1,094,133 160,356 4,866 17,943 35j081 $53,202 101,586 123,068 150,379 94,467 171,324 161,756 _ 13, 897 13,964 9,534 8,383 3,756 1,153 5,263 2,729 6,949 31,724 4,830 106 666 1,453 $6,247 6,843 18,885 10,630 8,740 21,616 21,653 37,833 26,098 28,310 3,303 1,076 1,139 425 1,605 3,048 8,126 2,005 1,439 1,698 360 $3,881,677 3,784,573 3,810,965 8,698,716 3,888,513 3,183,433 3,406,332 3,283,547 1,599,079 719,976 688,168 299,066 46,876 251,708 163,463 "311,500 169,953 92,860 166,855 308, 24 i 345,171 636,449 $38,869 71,339 17,249 28,315 79,880 48,132 13,398 308,044 499 '^np 1875 1876 . . 103,736 49 835 1877 1878 . . 314,904 380,771 49,899 39,710 178,779 43,108 135,166 133,465 114,098 141,164 121,838 1879 1880 . 1881 1882 . . 1883 1884.... 1885.... 1886. , . . 1887.... 1888 .. 15,040 971,951 34,087 19,360 630 32,217 1,033 950 1 Since the publication of the figures for 1888 by the Engineering and Mining Jour- nal Mr. C. Kirohoff , jr. , has given a preliminary estimate of the productions which is somewhat lower; being, in short tons of 3,000 pounds, 151,465 for desilverized lead, and 29,090 of non-argentiferous lead, a total of 180,555 tons. ♦Mineral Eesources of the United States for 1887. The figures for 1888 are from the Engineering and Mining Journal, January 12, 1889. 398 UNIVERSAL EXPOSITION OF 1889 AT PARIS. Average monthly prices of lead in New York, in cents per pound.* Year. 1870. 1871. 1872. 1873. 1874. 1875. 1876. 1877. 1878. 1879 . 1880. 1881 . 1832. 1833. 1884. 1885 . 1886. 1887., Jan. Feb. 6.31 6.33 5.93 6.45 6.12 5.87 6.17 6.30 3.75 4.50 6.93 4.95 5.10 4.55 3.90 3.65 4.75 4.37 4.95 Mar. 6.15 6.17 6.93 6.37 6.18 6.68 6.46 3.87 5.62 4.75 5.00 4.57 4.12 3.66 4.90 4.32 5.16 Apr. 6.30 6.15 6.00 6.37 6.07 5.63 6.26 6.37 3.62 3.06 6.57 4.60 4.96 4.60 3.84 3.65 4.78 4.27 4.75 May. June July. Aug. 6.22 6.23 6.35 6.35 6.14 6.18 6.13 6.06 6.43 6,50 6.50 6.45 6.50 6.33 6.06 6.12 5.87 5.81 5.71 5.72 5. 92 5.82 5.97 5.91 6. .30 6.37 6.27 6.32 6.77 5.65 5.50 6.00 3.37 8.30 3.43 3.35 3.00 3.46 4.00 4.02 4.82 4.63 4.60 4.65 4.47 4.37 4.70 4.85 4.72 4.73 5.03 5.02 4.47 4.43 4.35 4.25 3.63 3.61 3.62 8.61 3.65 3.75 4.00 4.35 4.70 4.75 4.87 4.75 4.52 4.65 4.65 4.58 4.26 3.90 3.97 4.45 Sept. 6.05 6.40 6.50 5.87 5.78 6.12 4.80 3.35 3.87 4.85 5.16 5.05 4.31 3.65 4.25 4.65 4.50 5.00 Oct. 6.31 5.93 6.61 6.50 6.22 5.62 5.90 4.55 3.48 4.75 4.76 5.06 6.00 4.22 3.67 4.20 4.22 4.25 4.60 Nov. 6.30 5.95 6.55 6.35 6.37 5.76 6.75 4.62 3.77 5.30 4.80 6.07 4.70 3.85 3.46 4.10 4.35 4.40 3.67 Dec. Year 6.30 5.87 6.51 6.06 6.26 5.90 6.67 4.55 3.95 5.55 4.50 5.12 4.62 3.67 3.62 4.56 4.32 5.13 3.75 6.25 6.08 6.30 6.32 6.01 6.85 6.13 5.49 3.61 4.14 5.04 4.81 4.91 4.32 3.74 3.95 4.63 4.50 4.42 * From the EngineerinK and Mining- Journal, January 12, 1888. Bunker Hill and Sullivan Mining Company.— S. G. Reed, president; V. M. Clem- ent, manager, Portland, Oregon. Argentiferous Galena from the company's mines in the Coeur d'Alene Mountains, Wardner, Idaho. Concentrates from tlie Bunker Hill and Sullivan ores. A series of samples: Coarse and fine and tailings. 1. Product from 15"-™ jigs : Lead, 75 per cent.; silver. 33 ounces. 2. Product from 12'n"> jigs : Lead, 76 per cent.; silver. 33 ounces. 3. Product from 10«>"> jigs : Lead, 74 per cent.; sUver, 33 ounces. 4. Product from 7"™ jigs : Lead, 74 per cent.; silver, 33 ounces. 5. Product from 5""" jigs: Lead, 73 per cent.: silver, 32 ounces. 6. Product from 3™™ jigs : Lead, 70 per cent. ; silver, 31 ounces. 7. Product from Evans tables : Lead, 68 per cent.; silver, 30 ounces 8. Tailings. oQ'^r!?,^^'!™'"? "^"''^ "P^"^"* ^^°''^ ^^''^^ ^^^^'^ ^SO, and up to 1889 had produced 23,000 tons of ore concentrates, assaying about 30 ounces of silver and 67 per cent- of lead, representing a gross value of |2,160,000. The vein is described as a fissure vein between quartzite and a magnesium-slate foot-wall. It varies in width from ~0 to 100 feet. Ore is galenite, cerusitc, and -ray copper; the gangue chiefly iroi« spar. Large bodies of clean galenite are found; there is no ai-senic or antimony Ihe clean tetrahedrite assays from 1,000 to 3,000 ounces of silver. Galenite Argentiferous lead Ore.-Fi-om Alaska; latitude 65° N.; contains about 100 ounces of silver to the ton. Contributed to the collection by Prof. Thomas Price, San Fi-ancisco. BEPORT OP COMMISSIONEE-GENEKAL APPENDIX M. 399 ZINC. In 1887-1888 there were nineteen zinc-producing establishments in active operation in the United States, and the production of the metal, grouped by States, was as follows: Production of spelter in the United States, 1882 to 1887, inclusive, by States. States. 1883. 1883. 1884. 1885. 1886. 1887. lUinois Short tons. 18,301 7,366 2,500 5,698 Short tons. 16,793 9,010 5,730 5,340 Short tons. 17,594 7,859 5,230 7,861 Short tons. 19,427 8,502 4,677 8,083 Short tons. 21,077 8,933 5,870 6,763 Short tons. 32,279 11,955 8,660 7,446 Missouri Total 33,765 36,872 38,544 40,688 42,641 50,340 The preliminary reports of the production for 1888 place the amount at 57,000 short tons, of which 10,400 tons were produced in the Eastern and Southern States, about 32,500 in Illinois, and the balance in Kansas and Missouri. The imports of the metal in blocks or pigs in 1887 were 7,432,490 pounds, valued at $240,535, and in sheets 757,245 pounds, valued at $26,658. The average price for the year, in cents, per pound was 4.91. The importation of zinc oxide for 1887 was, for dry, 2,763,642 pounds, and in oil 82,486 pounds. New Jersey Zinc and Iron Company, B. Gr. CLARKE, president, 52 Wall street, New York. Zinc and Iron Ores from the mines of the company, Sussex County, N. J. QUICKSILVER. The total production of quicksilver in the United States for the calendar year 1887 was 33,825 flasks, of 76i avoirdupois pounds, net; valued at $1,429,000. With the exception of 65 flasks from Oregon all of this was the product of Cahf ornia mines, distributed as follows: New Almaden, 20,000 flasks; New Idria, 1,800; Redington, 673; Sulphur Bank, 1,490; Great Western, 1,446; Napa Consolidated, 5,574; Great Eastern, 689; various mines, including the 65 flasks from Oregon, 2,063 flasks. For the year 1888 the pro- duction was 33,250 flasks, value at the average price for the year ($42.50) $1,415,000. The production of quicksilver in Cahf ornia is practicaUy the total production for the whole United States. The amount produced by the principal mines for a series of years past, together with the value of the product, are shown by the annexed tabular statement prepared and presented by J. B. Bandol: 400 LTNIVEBSAL EXPOSITION OF 1889 AT PARIS. Production of quicksilver in California. Mines. New Almaden : Mtna and Napa Consolidated Great Western Sulphur Bank New Idria Great Eastern Redington Guadalupe Various Total Lowest price per flask Highest price per flask Average price per flask Total value, at average price . 1879. Flasks. 20,614 3,605 6,388 9,249 4,426 1,455 4,616 15,540 8,047 73,684 34.46 29.86 2,100,000 Flasks. 23,466 4,416 6,442 10,706 3,209 1,279 2,139 6,670 1,600 59,926 S37.56 84.46 31.00 1,860,000 1881. Flasks. 26,060 5,552 6,241 11,162 2,775 1,065 2,194 5,228 584 60,861 $27,90 31.75 29.80 Flasks. 28,070 6,842 5,179 5,014 1,963 2,124 2,171 1,138 241 52,732 S27.35 29.10 28.25 1,810,000 1,500.000 Flasks. 29,000 5,890 3,869 2,612 1,606 1,669 1,894 84 101 46,725 $26.00 28.60 27.25 1,275,000 Mines. 1884. 1885. 1886. 1887. 1888. New Almaden Flasks. 20,000 j 2,931 j 1,376 3,292 890 1,025 332 881 1,179 Flasks. 21,400 1,309 2,197 3.469 1,296 1,144 446 385 35 Flasks. 18,000 3,478 1,769 1.949 1,449 1,406 735 409 Flasks. 20,000 2,694 2,8S0 1,446 1,8SI0 1,490 689 673 Flasks. 18 000 ^tna and Napa Consolidated Great Western 959 4,065 626 Sulphur Bank New Idria 2,164 1,320 1,151 126 1,543 455 3,848 992 Various 7 398 7sa Total 31,913 32.07.3 2'.l. 9.'^l ¥32.00 39.00 Xi. .-.0 1,060,000 33,760 33,250 Lowest price per flask .... SS«. 00 35.00 30.50 975,000 32.00 30.4-. 970,000 SS6.50 48.00 42.25 1.426,000 ^37 00 Average price per flask Total value, at average price 42.60 1,416,000 New Almadeu Quicksilver Mine, New Almaden, Santa Clara County, Cal.— J. B. Randol, president. Quicksilver and Cinnab.vr.— Series of specimens and photographs illustrat- uvj;: the production of quicksilver at the company's mines. Contrib- uted by Mr. Randol. 1. Fodt-wall rock, scrpouUne, Randol shaft. 2. naiiKinn'-waU rorU, slato. 3. Outcroppings of the lode, Mme Hill. 4. Cinnabar, massive oUian ore from the 1,600-foot level, Randol shaft. 6. Cinnabar in samlKtoiie from the 1,300-foot level, St. George shaft. 6. Cinnabar and veinstone with veinlets of cinnabar from the 1,400-foo*^ level, Randol shaft. 7. Cinnabar and wliite calcite veinstone, the hilox of the Spanish miners. These veinlets of caleite out across and divide the veinlets of cinna- bar. From the 1,100-foot level. REPORT OP COMMISSIONER-GENERAL — APPENDIX M. 401 8. White calcite and arragonite Teinstone (crystallized) with cinnabar, bitumen, and green-colored incrustations from the 1,100-foot level, Randol shaft. 9. Bitumen in black masses associated with the white calcite and cinnabar. 10. Cinnabar, crystallized, from the 1,700-foot level, Randol shaft. 11. Quicksilver (native mercury) in bitumen, abundant in globules. From. the 1,800-foot level, Randol shaft. 12. Quicksilver (native) from the bituman and veinstone at the 1,800-foot level (in a small vial). 13. Hard veinstone, or rock walls, with cinnabar and bitumen, from the 1,800-foot level, Randol shaft. 14. Granza, roasted, light color. 15. Granza, roasted. The skeleton left after driving off the quicksilver ore. 16. Granzita (slag). 17. Tierras, roasted (slag). 18. Quicksilver ore roasted. 19. Quicksilver, as produced commercially, in bottles. 20. Book of photographs, illustrating the New Almaden Mine and its sur- roundings. [The collection of which the foregoing is a list is to be presented at the close of the Exposition to the Ecole des Mines, Paris, in the name of J. B. Randol, of San Francisco.— W. P. B.] The Quicksilver Mines and Reduction Works of New Almaden are fifteen miles south of the city of San Jose, Santa Clara County, Cal. , in the Santa Cruz Mount- ains, at an elevation of 1,700 feet above the sea. These mines were first worked for quicksilver in 1845, but the operations were on a small scale, and no record exists earlier than 1850. They have been and now are the most productive quicksilver mines in the world, excepting only the mine of Almaden in Spain. They are developed to a depth of 2,300 feet, and the workings extend horizontally over a piece of ground a mile square. About 500 men find steady employment, the work being actively prosecuted throughout the year. From the 1st of January, 1864, to the 31st of December, 1887, the number of feet of drifting and sinking in the mines of the company, as shown by the records, amounted to 224,922 feet, or 43.60 miles, at a cost of |1,918,457.39. This does not include the excavations made in extracting ore during the period named, nor any expenses for the same, while for the ground opened up during the previous period (from 1850 to 1864) fifteen 'more miles of drifting and sinking can be added. The reduction works consist of eight furnaces, and include the most improved methods for working quicksilver ores, and may be considered as the most complete and perfect in every respect in the world. An interesting paper upon the occurrence of the ores of quicksilver in California has been pubUshed by G. RoUand.* * Gisements de Mercure de Californie, par. G. Eolland, ingenieur des mines, Annales des Mines, Septembre, Octobre, 1878. H. Ex. 410 26 402 UNIVERSAL EXPOSITION OF 1889 AT PARIS. Production of quiolcsilver at New AlmatUn, Cal.Jor thirty-five years and three months, from July, 1850, to December 31, 1887. Dates. July, July, July, July, July, July, July, July, July, Nov., Feb., Feb., Feb., Sep., Nov., Jan., Jan., Jan., Jan., Jan., Jan., Jan., Jan., Jan., Jan., Jan., Jan., Jan., Jan., Jan., Jan., Jan., Jan., Jan., Jan., Jan., Jan., Jan., Jan., 1861 . 1862 . 1.'68 . 1864. 1865 . 1850, to June, 1851 1851, to June, 1862 1852, to June, 1853 1853, to June, 1854 1854, to June, 1865 1855, to June, 1856 1856, to June, 1857 186", to June, 1858 1858, to Oct., 1858 1858, to Jan. 1861, to Jan. 1862, to Jan,, 1868 1863, to Aug., 1863 1863, to Oct., 1863 1863, to Dec, 1864, to Dec, 1865, to Dec, 1866, to Dec, 1866 1867, to Dec. 1867 1868, to Dec, 1868 1869, to Dec, 1870, to Dec, 1871, to Dec, 1872, to Deo. 1873, to Dec 1874, to Dec. 1875, to Dec. 1876, to Dec 1877, to Dec, 1877 .. 1878, to Dec, 1878 .... 1879, to Dec, 1879 . . 1880, to Dec, 1880 ..., , 1881, to Dec, 1881 .... ,1882, to Dec, 1882 .., , 1883, to Dec, 1883 ... , 1884, to Dec, 1884 ... , 1885, to Dec, 1885 .. , 1886, to Dec, 1886 ... ,1887. to Dec, 1887 ... Totals and averages. 1869 . 1870 . 1871 . 1872 . 1873 . 1874 . 1875 . 1876 . Class and quantity of ore. Grueso. Granza. Pounds. Tierras. Pounds. Pounds. Closed by injunction. 54,800 1,259,400 2,228,900 1,606,000 731,500 2,274,208 150,000 30,000 142,000 8,436,808 1,586,500 18,730,300 25,749,000 19,939,100 15,689,288 14,566,600 11,942,175 12,531,900 13,661,700 12,777,000 8,492,875 11,294,000 12,236,000 14,784,550 18,9,'*7,700 14,612,154 16,032,085 15,267,660 14,430,510 19,734,900 21, Mr. 500 lfi.410.000 17,044.800 14,140,690 12,648,300 718,000 8,287,900 3,910,500 5,640,200 9,603,145 12,564,7S2 18,866,000 8,585,800 8,373,000 8,497,600 8,838,000 12,160,000 18,870,200 18,532,400 28,243,600 22,830,071 89,033,050 46,087,200 49,710,625 52,412,300 55,935,000 62,841,000 61,425,000 67,258,000 51,503,000 370,116,27: 664,476,313 Total. Pounds. 4,970,717 4,643,290 4,83!i,520 7,448,000 9,109,300 10,856,200 10,299,900 10,997,170 8,873,085 13,828,200 16,281,400 7,172,660 2,346,000 2,859,300 23,277,600 31,948,400 26,886,300 26,023,983 29,405,530 25, 4,5?, 175 21,097,700 22.rS4,700 21,416,600 17,3;0,375 23,4&4,C0O 31,106,200 88, 16,960 37,831,300 36,912,225 56,065,135 61,354,860 04,141,135 7^,147,200 77,162,600 79,251,000 79,069,300 81,398,690 64,151,300 1,147,688,840 REPORT OF OOMMISSIONEB-GENERAL — APPENDIX M. 408 Production of quicksilver of New Almaden, Cal, for thirty-Jive years and three months, from July, 1850, to December 31, 1887— Continued. Dates. From furnaces. From wash- ings. Total. Average amount per month. Yield of Quick- silver. No. of months. July, July, July, July, July, July, July, July, July, Nov., Feb., Feb., Feb., Sep., Nov., Jan., Jan., Jan., Jan., Jan., Jan., Jan., Jan., Jan., Jan., Jan., Jan., Jan., Jan., Jan., Jan., Jan., Jan., Jan., Jan., Jan., Jan., Jan., Jan.,' 1850, to June, 1851, to June, 1852, to June, 1853, to June, 1854, to June. 1855, to June, 1856, to June, 1857, to June, 1868, to Oct., 1858, to Jan., 1861, to Jan., 1862, to Jan., 1863, to Aug., 1863, to Oct., 1868, to Dec, 1864, to Dec, 1865, to Dec, 1866, to Dec, 1867, to Dec, 1868, to Dec, 1869, to Dec, 1870, to Dec, 1871, to Dec, 1872, to Dec, 1873, to Dec, 1874, to Dec, 1875, to Dec, 1876, to Dec, 1877, to Dec, 1878, to Dec, 1879, to Dec, 1880, to Dec, 1881, to Dec, 1883, to Dec, 1883, to Dec, 1884, to Dec, 1885, to Dec, 1886, to Dec, 1887, to Dec, 1851. 1853. 1853. 1854. 1855. 1856. 1857. 1868. 1858 . 1861 . 1862. 1863. 1863. 1S63. 1863. 1864. 1865. 1886. 1867. 1870. 1871 . 1872. 1873. 1874. 1875. 1876. 1877. 1878. 1879. 1880. 1881. 1883. 1883. 1884. 1885. 1886. 1887. Totals and averages. Flasks. 23,875 19,921 18,035 26,325 31,860 28,083 36,002 29,347 10,588 Flasks. Flasks. 23,875 19,931 18,035 36,325 31,81-0 29,347 10,588 Flasks. l,989i 1,660 1.503 3,193} 2,655 2,340i 2,167 2,446} 3,647 Per ct. 36.74 32.82 28.50 37.03 26.75 20.74 19.31 20.41 30.91 32,402 17, S 4,1 1,040 !,176 ',078 1,726 1,990 i,577 2,363 1,129 2,248 700 407 313 116 424 471 51 6 183 317 107 34,765 40,391 19,564 5,520 4,447 42,489 47, 194 35,150 24,461 25,628 16,898 14,423 18,668 18,574 11,042 9,084 13,648 I0,M9 23,996 16,852 20,514 23,465 26,060 28,070 29,000 20,000 21,400 18,000 30,000 2, 97 2,366 3,795 3,760 2,228} 3, 540} 3,^933 3,939 2,038} 3, 135§ 1,408 1,203 l,547i 1,548 930 757 1,137} 1,712} l,999j- 1,331 1,709} 1,955} 3,171} 2,339 3,416} 1,666} 1,788 1,500 1,666} 19.96 30.22 20.86 18.00 18.65 13.96 11,30 10.00 7.19 6^66 4.07 5.23 6.44 6.63 4.87 2.96 3.36 4.71 4,93 3.38 3.85 3.92 3.10 2.97 2.87 1.93 2.07 1.69 2. 8 854,054 8,734 862,788 5.75 Product of Enriqueta from 1S60 to 1868, 10,571 flasks. Total product of all the mines on the company's property, 873,359 flasks of 76} pounds each, or 166,811,963} pounds. 404 UNIVERSAL EXPOSITION OF 1889 AT PAKIS. Bradford Mine, Napa County, Cal. CiNNABAK, "Float Ore." Cinnabar in siliceous gangue. Contributed by H. M. Newhall & Co., San Fi-ancisco, Cal. MANGANESE, The total production of ore of manganese in the United States in 1887 was 34,524 tons of 2,240 pounds each, valued at $333,844. It is obtained chiefly from Virginia, Georgia, and Arkansas, and finds its chief market at Pittsburgh, Pa., for the pro- duction of manganese in the blast furnace. New York and Georgia Manganese and Iron Company, 37 Broad street, New York. Manganese Orb, variety called "Kidney Manganese," from near CartersviUe, Ga. Contributed by J. C. Chew, New York. TIN. The ore in the form of oassiterite or black tin occurs in the central and northern portions of the Black Hills of Dakota in granitic veins or dikes traversing pre- silurian slates, and also in quartz veins and as stream tin. These veins and depos- its give promise of an important tin industry in the United States when they are developed. At present only prospecting operations are carried on, and there is no regular production of ore or of metal except in sample lots of a few hundred- weight or tons each. Bangor, Me.— Hamlin, A. C. , M. D. Cassiterite, Tin Ore, in a small vein from Winslow, Me. Cleveland Tin Mining Company, Nigger Hill, near Spearfish and Deadwood, Black Hills, Dak. Samples of Tin Ores and Tin from the company's mines. Cassiterite, Tin Ore, in granitic veinstone. Cassiterite, Tin Ore, "black tin, " coarse concentrates from the ore. Cassiterite, Tin Ore, black tin, stream tin from the bed of the creek. Tin, Block Tin. A bar smelted from the Nigger Hill tin ores. The properties of the Cleveland Tin Mining Company are located in the north- western portion of the Black Hills, about fifteen miles distant from Deadwood and fourteen miles from Spearfish, in Dakota. They consist of the Cleveland and Isabella mines, with adjacent interests, a total of seven claims, covering an area of about sev- enty acre.s. The mines are accessible by good roads at all seasons of the year. The mill site, with ample water-power for a large concentrating plant, is situated near the located line of the Chicago and Northwestern Railway, which is already com. pleted within twenty-eight miles of the company's mines. The Cleveland mine is situated upon the summit of Nigger Hill, on the main or west belt of Groisen, and show.s the tin stone in many places on the surface crop- pings. At this point the ronipany has hoisting works, consisting of a 34-horse power engine and boiler, with suitable pumps and buildings, mcluding the neces- sary appurtenances for hoisting ami pmnping, the building over the shaft contain- ing the same being 6i) by 30 feet and 30 feet hlRh. There is also a laboratory, assay- ing and superintendent's quarters, boarding-houses for the use of the miners and employes belonging to the company, and a foreman's house adjacent to its prop- erties. EEPORT OF COMMISSIONEE-GBNEEAL APPENDIX M. 405 ANTIMONT. There are several localities of stibnite or sulphide of antimony in the Pacific States, notably in California, Utah,' Nevada, and Montana, but none are at present largely worked. In 1887 the total production in California was reported as 75 tons, valued at |50,500, an increase of 40 tons above the production in 1886. The pro- duction for 1888 is believed to have been less than in 1886. Carmel, Me. — Stibnite, Antimony Sulphide. From Dr. Aua. C. Hamlin, Ban- gor, Me. Iiady of the Hills Claim, Blact Hills, Dakota. Stibnite, Sulphide of antimony. Contributed by Eichaed C. Lake, president First National Bank, Rapid City, Dak. Murray, Idaho.— Day, Fbbd W. Stibnite, Sulphide of antimony. NICKEIj. Since the Paris Exposition of 1878 very little advance has been made in the nickel industry of the United States. At that exhibition remarkable specimens of pure wrought nickel were shown by Mr. Joseph Wharton, of PMladelphia, and were made from the sulphuret ores of Lancaster Gap. The total value of the product of metal, df the nickel in its salts, in matte, and in ore, produced in the country in 1887, is reported at $133,200. The low price of the metal from abroad has left little in- ducement to domestic producers to develop the mines, and most of the looaUties have remained unworked. The discovery, however, of ores in Oregon bearing some resemblance to the free smelting ores of New Caledonia has stimulated efforts to utiUze them, and prospecting work is now carried on there. Specimens will be found in the collection. Oregon Nickel Mines. — Will Q. Brown, superintendent, Riddle, Douglas County, Oregon. Nickel Ores, genthite and chrysoprase. This locality is about three miles west of Riddle Station, on the California and Oregon Railway. The ores occur in beds covering areas of from one to twenty acres. PTEITE8. the principal sources, commercially, of pyrites now utilized are the Davis Mines, FrankUn County, Mass., and several mines in Louisa County, Va. The quantity and spot value of pyrites mined in the United States from 1882 to 1887 were ap- proximately as follows: Tears. Quantity. Average value per ton. Total value. 1882 12,000 25,000 35,000 49,000 55,000 52,600 $6.00 5.50 5.00 4.50 4.00 4.00 172,000 137,600 175,000 220,500 220,000 210,000 1883 1884 1885 1886 1887 406 UNIVERSAL EXPOSITION OF 1889 AT PARIS. Davis Company.— H. J. Davis, president, Davis, Franklin County, Mass. Massive Iron Pyrites, used for the manufacture of sulphuric acid. Copper Pyrites associated with the iron pyrites. This deposit or bed or lode is opened to a depth of 400 feet, and is from 10 to 40 feet in width. Output is about 4,000 tons per month, or according to demand. About 49 per cent, of sulphur. AliUMINA. Alumina in the form of corundum of Beauxite and of clay is rapidly taking its place amongst the ores as the source of its metallic base — the metal aluminum. In the Cowles direct elective process pure, washed, crystallized corundum is preferred for the extraction of the metal. The silica in ordinary clay and the oxide of iron in Beauxite are reduced, together with the oxide of aluminum, and contaminate the aluminum alloys. The specimens contributed to the collection by the Cowles Company contain an example of partly fused and reduced corundmn. Cowles Elective Smelting and Aluminum Company. — Dr. L. Waldo, manager, Lockport, N. Y. 1. Corundum, Georgia. As broken and washed for treatment, direct in the Cowles Furnace. 3. Corundum. Partly fused and reduced in the furnace. 3. Aluminum Bronze (17 per cent, aluminum ; 83 per cent, copper). An addition of other metais to this product gives other alloys as shown. 4. SiucoN Bronze (19.15 per cent, silicon; 80.85 copper). Obtained by the reduction of silica. For manufacture of silicon bronze conducting wire. 5. Cowles Ferro-Aluminum (80.91 iron; 9.88 aluminum ; 4.88 silicon). For the improvement of iron and steel castings. 6. Series op Copper and Aluminum Alloys. Seven sample bars: Aluminum bronze, aluminum brass, aluminum hercules, aluminum silver, etc. GRAPHITE. This mineral occurs at many places in the United States, but at the present is mined chiefly at Ticonderoga, on Lake Champlain, where it occui-s in veins travers- ing the oldest rocks, and at the Heron mine in North Carolina. The Nelson mine, in New Hampshire, has yielded considerable graphite, but is not now worked. The total production in the country does not exceed 350,000 pounds annually, besides a much larger quantity of an impure graphite used for foundry and metallurgical purposes. The importation of the unmanufactured material in 1887 was 168,841 cwts. Merrill Mine, Nelson, N. H. Sample of Graphite. REPOET OF COMMISSIONEE-GENEEAL APPENDIX M. 4or SAJDT. The production of salt in the United States in the year 1887 was 7,831,962 barrels, valued at $4,093,846. The distribution of the production and the quantity obtained at the principal sources is shown by the annexed table: * Salt product of the United States from 1883 to 1887 inclusive. States. 1883. 1884. 1886. 1886. 1887. Michigan New York Ohio West Virginia Louisiana " California Utah Nevada Illinois, Indiana, Virginia, Tennessee, Kentuclty, and other States and Ten-i- tories, estimated Total Barrels. 2 894,672 1,619,486 350,000 330,000 265,215 214,286 107,143 21,429 400,000 6,192,231 Barrels. 3,161,806 1,788,464 320,000 310,000 223,964 178,571 114,285 17, SOT 400,000 Barrels. 3,297,403 2,304,787 306,847 223,184 299,271 221,428 107, 140 260,000 Barrels. 3,677,267 2,431,563 400,000 260,000 299, 691 214, 285 164, 285 30,000 210,000 6,614,937 7,038,663 7,707,081 Barrels. 3,944,309' 2,353,56(> 365,000 226,000 341,093 28,000 326,000 7,831,962 The Utah Central Railroad, in 1888, carried salt from its stations — Salt Lake, 5,749,646 pounds; Syracuse, 33,572,000; Nephi, 668,795 ; and Juab, 157,599; total, 39,158,040 pounds of salt. The first two were lake salt and the last two rock salt. An important discovery of rock salt has been made in the State of New York, about seventeen miles south of Syracuse. At a depth of 1,218 feet the drill passed through 47 feet of salt. In the central and western counties of the State in sixty- three deep borings only seven failed to show the presence of rock salt or brine. Near Ithaca a layer of salt was found at a depth of 2,244 feet, and in the next 470 feet of depth layers of salt having an aggregate thickness of 248 feet were passed through. The thickest bed was 54 feet. Salt has also been found by boring in Central Kansas. petroijEum akb natural gas. The principal localities yielding petroleum in commercial quantities are in west- em New York, western Pennsylvania, and in Ohio and West Virginia. California has also become a considerable producer of oil, and small quantities are obtained in Wyoming, in Tennessee, and Kentucky. The extent and distribution of the pro- duction is best shown by the annexed table from a report by Jos. D. Weeks. * From the article on Salt, by William A. Rabourg, Mineral Resources of the United States for 1887, p. 611. 408 UNIVERSAL EXPOSITION OF 1889 AT PAEIS. Production of crude petroleum in the United States and Canada from 1859 to 1887 inclusive. Years. Pennsylva- nia and New York. West Virginia. Ohio. Kentucky, Tennessee, and other States. California. Total United States. Canada, (a) 1859 Barrels, (b) 2,000 500,000 2,113,609 3,036,690 2,611,309 2,116,109 2,497,700 3,697,'rOO 3,347,300 3,646,117 4,215,000 6,260,745 6,205,234 6,298,194 9,893,786 10,926,945 8,787,514 8,968,906 13, 135, '475 16,163,463 19,685,176 26,027,631 27,376,509 30,063,500 23,128,389 23,772,209 30,776,041 25,798,000 22,356,193 Barrels. Barrels. Barrels. Barrels. Barrels. 2,000 500,000 2,113,609 3,056,699 2,611,309 2,116.109 2,497,700 3,597,700 3,347,300 3,646,117 4,216,000 5,360,745 5,203,234 6,293,194 9,893,786 10,926,945 12.163,514 9,132,669 13,350,363 15,396,868 19,914,146 26,286,123 27,661,238 30,349,897 Barrels. 1860 1861 1862(c) 11,775 82,814 90,000 110,000 175,000 190,000 200,000 220,000 250,000 369,397 308,100 366,052 168,807 220,000 312,000 312,000 312,000 575,000 350 000 1863 1864 1865 1866 1867 1868 1869 1870 1871 1872 1873 1874 1875 1876 (d)3,000,000 120,000 173,000 180,000 180,000 179,000 151,000 128,000 126,000 90,000 91,000 102,000 146,000 (i-(r-lCO(MC40*0(Nr- !Ni-(fiO{M04 S8 ifflO ■snioS o^m ^no aq o^ pps pu^e ptmoj sanocjsj jo atq'EjV SOQOOOOOQOC ooooooooou ins*oooiooomioo in" i-rc«'»o"i-rr4"M«" OOOOQ ooooo O W O O -I ■©.m^OTLI^S Aioqs JO iCjntiBaq o^ paqsqod iiCfrBnois -13000 'sai^isOLino pire suatnioods'sBpios pn^ pimoj saao-^s jo oiitba OOOOOOO OOOQQOiO o ininooioc* ooo moo T-i r-li-l(N ■a O 1-1 coOi t- T-KO-M « (N O* O 0« i-< •suia3 o^m cjno aq o^ pios pira ptrrioj sano^s jo an^BA S§SSSS8§ io o '^ f m o 8S8 inOrH OOO OQO OOrH OO MSO COO ■ajn^oTucjs jttoqs JO jCjiq-nBaq o^ paqsipd L^n'^aois -^000 'sai^isouno ptre snaunoads s^'pios pue ptmoj sano^s jo anfBA SQOOC SSi S8i mine ooMoS (N 54 rl O -^ « CQ « O T-i y~l gOQQOOOO OOO IQO into 'soia^ o^Tii ^no aq o^ pios pa-B ptmoj saao:js jo aniBA Sin gooooooo OOOOOOin lOommoinoM ass lOi-fin oooooooo O Q O O Its O O 1C3 lo o in o 04 lo oi oS oo iOO ino 'ajnqoTu^s jioqs JO ^jt^n-eaq oi paqsqod LCn'^uots -"BDOO 'sapisouno ptre HnainiDads'sBpios ptre ptmoj sano^B jo anrcA oinc ooooo OQOOO lOOOOO SoooooS«5 oinooiniomci §881 ^ininc 500Q OT-iinfOOlOJiMOT-i -(T-iCS«(M(N 'sinaS o^m jno aq o} pios pu-o ptmoj satiojs jo ani'BA mm 30o in 3 mmoi OQQQOOQOOOOO miHmr-iinomOOTm«w 00 •aancjOTU^ jU.oqs .10 jCji^nBaq o^ paqsqod Ifn^nois -Booo 'sai^tsouno pae suatutoads'sFpios pwe ptmoj satto^s jo ani^A Swmr 0000 0000 mooo ooooooinoooooooino mmoominmc5c5ommoooOTin i-reo"o*"TH" . T-T i-Ti-rsftM" 88 COO 414 UNIVERSAL EXPOSITION OP 1889 AT PARIS. Tourmalines of Mount Mica, Maine. Mount Mica Tin and Mica Company and A. C. Hamlin, M.D., Bangor, Me. Ten Cut Gems, illustrating the gradations and varieties of color of the trans- parent tourmalines found at Mount Mica, Maine. 1. Square out, nearly colorless; faint shade of green, transparent. 2. Square cut rubeUite, rose-pink, transparent. 3. Green, blue-gi'een, 6^ carats weight. 4. Chrysoberyl green, 6 J carats; perfect stone and a very rare gem for color and brilliance. 5. Emerald green, oblong out; llj carats. One of the finest gems found in the United States. 6. Deep blue Indicolite,llf carats. The largest blue stone found at Mount Mica; perfect gem. 7. Light green, blue tint; Vii^s^ carats; rare. 8. Pale rose tint, nearly colorless. 9. Deep garnet red. 10. Pale grass green. Drake Company, J. H. Drake, president, Sioux Falls, Dak. SiLlciFlED Agatized Wood, from Chalcedony Park, Apache County, Ariz. A single specimen is here shown, and reference is made to the special display made by the company for objects of great size and variety. The silicifie 1 wood from this locality was first brought to notice by the United States Pacific Railroad survey of the thirty-fifth parallel of latitude under Lieutenant A\Tupple (ride Vol. Ill, Pacific R. R. Explor. and Surveys). The material occurs in large quantity, and appears to be the remains of an en- tombed forest of Auracasians silicitied, it is supposed, by infiltrated or hot geyser water after the process by wliich such material is produced in the National Park in Montana, and in Wyoming, California, and elsewhere; but, unlike any other specimens heretofore found, this material is in many cases perfect in its preserva- tion, showing the bark of the trees, with the heart lines perfect, and under a micro- scope revealing the cell structures of the wood unimpaired. It is a scientific won- der because of its remarkable preservation and solidity, and it appeals to the con- noisseur of high art and the beautiful because of the exqmsite interblending of every color of the rainbow, arising from the intermixture of various oxides in solution. After several years of experiment a process has been found for sawing and polishing this material, which is very hard aud cannot be easily marred by steel or stained by acids. Sections of these trees, several feet in diameter, have been sawed and polished and movinted in metal as table-tops, and have been found in demand at the highest prices ever paid for decorative material. It is intended to furtlior utilize the material in clock cases, mantel decorations, and other ornamental work. It is the testimony alilvc of experts aud explorers that for perfection of structure and the wondrous varieties of its colorings this material, commonly known as petrified wood, is beyond comparison in beauty with that heretofore displayed from other localities. EEPOET OP COJIMISSIONEK-G-ENERAL — APPENDIX M. 415 MISCEIiLANEOUS MINERALS. Amblygonite. Paris, Me., from Dr. A. C. Hamlin, Bangor, Me. Blake, ■William P., Mining Engineer, Mill Rook, New Haven, Conn. Minerals sent from his mineralogical cabinet. Calamine, Sussex County, N. J. CoLUMBiTB, Etta Mine, Black Hills, Dakota. Mica (Muscovite), Maricopa, Ariz. Mica (Muscovite), Black HUls, Dakota. Pectolite, massive, polished, Tehama County, Cal. Spodumene, large crystalline mass, Etta Mine, Black Hills, Dakota. Vanadinite (crystallized), Presoott, Ariz. Stromeyerite (large mass). Silver King Mine, Pinal County, Ariz. Calamine. Sussex County, N. J. Lent by W. P. Blake. Columbite. Large crystalline mass. From the Etta Mine, Black Hills, Dakota. Lent by W. P. Blake. Fluor Spar. Group of crystals fourteen inches square. Macomb, St. Lawrence County. N. Y. From George F. Kunz, New York City. GadoUnite. Large mass. BlufEton, near Llano County, Tex. Lent by George F. Kunz, New York City. Hamlin, Dr. A. C, Bangor, Me. Mineral prom Maine Localities: Amblygonite cassiterite; antimony sul- phide; lepidoUte; clevelandite; tourmalines, etc. Kunz, George P., New York City. Minerals lent from his cabinet. Green Fluor Spar, Macomb, N. Y. Gadolinite. Eleven pound crystal; near BlufEton, Burnett County, Tex. Lepidolite, Clevelandite, Green Tourmalines, etc. Mount Mica, Maine. From Dr. A. C. Hamlin, Bangor, Me. Mammoth Mine, Pima County, Ariz. WuLTBNiTE, Dkscloizite, AND Dechenite. From Prof. Thomas Price, San Francisco, Cal. Newhall, H. M., & Co., San Francisco, Cal. Crude and Manufactured Borax, from Teel's Marsh, Esmeralda County, Nev. Mexite, borate of lime, Teel's Marsh. TiNCAL, Teel's Marsh. Borax, manufactured from the boi-ates of Teel's Marsh. Pectolite. Massive, cut and poUshed. Prom Tehama County, Cal. Lent by W. P. Blake. Price, Prof. Thomas, San Francisco, Cal. Minerals: From the Quijoatoas Mines, and Mammoth Mine, Pima County, Ariz. Quijoatoas Mines, Arizona. Aeragonite. Dogtooth Spar in crystals on plumose manganese oxyd. Contributed by Prof. Thomas Price, San Francisco, Cal. 416 UNIVERSAL EXPOSITION OF 1889 AT PAEIS. Hed Tourmalines in LepidoUte. Andover, Me. Fi-om Dr. A. C. Hamlin, Ban- gor, Me. For cut tourmaline, as gems, see under the head of " Precious Stones and Gems." Slate— Roofing Slate, rifted out, from Blanchard, Me. From Dr. Aug. C. Hamlin. This slate quarry is now being worked. Length of beds from one to two miles; width undetermined. Remarkable for perfection of rift, tenacity, and elasticity. {Sefi Special Exhibition.) Spodumene. Crystalline mass. Etta Mine, Black Hills, Dak. Lent by William P. Blake. XTintahite. Gilson's Mine, Uintah Mountains, Uintah County, Utah. Contributed by Joseph R. Walker, Salt Lake City. An asphalt resembling Albertite. For description see Transactions Amer. Inst. Mining Engineers, Vol. XVI, p. 163; also, Eng. and Min. Jour., Dec, 1885. Vanadinite — Vanadate of Lead. Yuma County, Ariz. Contributed by Prof. Thomas Price, San Francisco, Cal. . Vanadinite — Vanadate of Lead. From near Prescott, Ariz. Lent by William P. Blake. STATISTICAL TABLES. The approximate distribution, in round numbers, by States and Territories, of the product of the precious metals in the United States substantially as estimated for 1887 is exhibited in the following table showing the weight of the metal in fine ounces, and the coining value of the same:* I. — Distribution of the product of gold and silver in the United States during the calendar year 1887 by States and Territories. State or Territory. Gold. Fine ounces. Value. Silver. Fine ounces. Value. Total value. Alaska Arizona California Colorado Dakota Georgia Idolio ■. JIiL'higan Montana Nevada New Mexico North Carolina .... OreKon South Carolina Utah Washington Texas Alabama, Tennessee, Virginia, Vt mont, and Wyoming Total 88,656 40,155 048, 28:5 193,517 lUi.llO 5, 3SJ 91, nil 1 , -riS Soi, 971! 120, 1148 •U. WO 10,886 43, 541 2,419 10,648 7,357 §675, 000 830,000 18, 400, 000 4,000.000 2,41X1,000 110,000 1,900,000 36,000 5, 2;W, 000 2..'JI)(I,000 500,000 22,-., 000 900,000 50, (XX) 220,000 150, oai no7 £0,0(X) 1,603,049 83, 186, 000 282 2, 989, 129 1,160,188 11,601,825 417,690 387 2,820,365 27,080 11,988,553 3,789,930 1,778,947 8,867 7,735 887 5,414,185 77,846 198,364 387 41,731,592 S300 3,800,000 1,500,000 15,000.000 540,000 600 3,000,000 85.000 15,600,IXK) 4, 900, 000 2,800,000 5,000 10,000 500 7,000,000 100,000 260,000 600 58,941,800 $07.-1.300 4,630,000 14,800,000 19,000,000 2.940,000 no; .MX) 4,900,000 61,000 80,730,000 7,400,000 2,800,000 230,000 910,000 ,^o, ,^00 7, 220. (XXI 2,-.0.000 230,000 20, ,-00 87,077,800 * Report of the Director of tho United States Mint. REPORT OP OOMMISSIONER-CJENEBAL APPENDIX M. 41^ II. — Production of gold and silver in the United States from the organization of the Mint, in 1793, to 1844, and annually since. [The estimate from 1792 to 1873, inclusive^ is by E. W. Raymond, Commissioner, and since by the Director of the Mint.] Years. Gold, Silver. Total. Apr. 2, 1792-July 31, 1834 July 31, 1834— December 31, 1844. . 1845 1846 1847 1848 1849 1860 1851 1853. 1854. 1855. 1856. 1857. 1858. 1859. 1860. 1861. 1864.. 1865.. 1866.. 1867.. 1868. , 1869.. 1870., 1871.. 1872 , 1873. 1874 1875. 1876. 1877. 1878. 1879. 1880. 1881. 1884. 1885. $14, 7, 1, 1, 10, 40, 50, 55, 60, 65, 60, 55, 55, 55, 50, 50, 46, 43, 39, 40, 46, 53, 53, 61, 48, 49, 50. 1887. 000,000 600,000 008,327 139,357 889,085 000,000 000,000 000,000 000,000 000,000 000,000 000,000 000,000 000,000 000,000 000,000 000,000 000,000 000,000 200,000 000,000 100,000 225,000 500,000 725,000 000,000 .'500,000 000,000 500,000 000,000 000,000 500,000 ,400,000 ,900,000 .900,000 ,200,000 ,900,000 ,000,000 ,700,000 ,500,000 ,000,000 ,800,000 ,800,000 ,000,000 000,000 Total . 1,772,886,769 Insignificant. $260,000 50,000 50,000 50,000 50,000 60,000 60,000 60,000 50,000 50,000 50,000 50,000 50,000 60,000 500,000 100,000 150,000 2,000,000 4,500,000 8,500,000 11,000,000 11,250,000 10,000,000 13,500,000 12,000,000 18,000,000 16,000,000 23,000,000 28,750,000 35,750,000 ,37,300,000 31,700,000 38,800,000 39,800,000 45,200,000 40,800,000 39,200,000 43,000,000 46,800,000 46,200,000 48,800,000 51,600,000 51,000,000 63,350,000 $14,000,000 7,750,000 1,058,327 1,189,357 939,085 10,O50,0CO 40,050,000 50,050,000 65,oeo,oco 60,060,000 65,050,000 60,050,000 55,050,000 55,050,000 65,030,000 60,500,000 50,100,000 46,150,000 45,000,000 43,700,000 48,500,000 57,100,000 64,475,000 63,500,000 65,235,000 60,000,000 61,000,000 66,000,000 66, 500, 000 64,7.50,000 71,760,000 70,800,000 65,100,000 78,700.000 86,700,000 96,400,000 79,700,000 75,200,000 77,700,000 79,300,000 76,200,000 79, 600, 000 83,400,000 86,000,000 86,360,000 803,460,000 2,576,336,769 Through the courtesy of the Mint Bureau, we are enabled to supply the precise official figures of the coinage of the mints of the United States for the calendar year of 1888 as follows: H. Ex. 410 27 418 UNIVERSAL EXPOSITION OF 1889 AT PARIS. III. — Oold and silver coinage at the mints of the United States. [Fro'ji the Financial and Mining Record, January 19, 1889.J Denomination. Pieces. Value. Double eagles . . . 1,085,866 803,031 312,196 5,291 16,098 16,080 $21,717,320.00 8, 0:10, 510.00 1.. 160,960. CO 16,873.00 40,24.5.00 16,08l\00 Eagles Half eagles Three dollars . Dollars Total gold 2,238,562 31, 380, as. CO Standard dollars 31,990,833 12.833 1,226,833 7.216,487 31, 990,853. CO 6,416.60 306,708.25 7^1,648.70 Half dollars Quarter doUars Dimes Total silver 40.440,986 33,025,606.45 Five cents 10,720,483 41,083 37,494,414 536,024.15 1,232.49 874,944.14 Three cents One cent Total minor 48,255,980 912,2C0.78 Total coinage 90,941,528 65,318,615.23 lY.— Dividends paid by some American mines in the year 1888, and the total to date for the mines named. [From the Engineermg and Mining Journal, January. 1889.] Name of company. Alice Alma Aspen Atlantic Alturas Boston and Montana Copper. Bunker Hill and Sullivan Caledonia Calumet and Hecla Carlisle Central Colorado Central Confidence Cons. Cal. and Va Copper Queen Con Crescent Daly Deer Creek Dunkin , Dunstone Evening Star Eureka Franklin Garfield Location of mine. Montana. . . . Nevada Colorado Michigan Idaho Montana Idalio Dakota Michigan Xew Mexico . Michigan Colorado Nevada ....do Arizona Utah ....do Idalio Colorado Montana Colorado Nevada Michigan Nevada I Amount of .Total amount dividends ! of dividends paid in 1886. ; paid to date. Present mar- ket value of the company. J25,000 f775,CXXl $400,000 4.1.000 45,000 I*) 80.000 80,000 (•) 120.000 480,000 7211.000 11 2., -IX) 2W.2.-0 300,000 400,000 400,000 7.000,000 110,000 110,000 (*) 16,000 50.000 356,000 OOO.OtXI 31,360,000 29,800,000 175,000 173.1X10 460,000 70,000 1.890,000 400,000 82.500 851.250 613, 7,W 174.720 174,720 374.400 188,000 2,440,800 2,160,000 140,000 140,000 (») 18,000 22*1,000 ■ (•) 487,500 868,800 2,400,000 10,000 10,000 240,000 100,000 360,000 ISO. 000 6,000 6,000 (•1 12,600 1,413.600 (♦1 87,600 4,965,000 150,000 160,000 800,000 640,000 25,000 86,000 350,000 BEPOKT OF COMMISSIONEE-GENEEAL APPENDIX M. 419 IV. — Dividei.ds paid by some American mines in the year 1888 — Continued. Name of company. Golconda Granite Granite Mountain Hale and Noroross Heela Consolidated Homestake Hope Hubert Idaho Iron Silver Jay Gould Little Chief Mammoth Mary Murphy Mascotte Montana, Limited Morning Star Mount Diablo New Guston Co., Limited. North Belle Isle North Star Ontario Original Osceola Pamlico Parrott Pittsburg Plumas-Eureka '. : Plymouth Consolidated. . . Poorman Quicksilver Preferred Quincy Sherwood Sierra Buttes Sierra Nevada Silver Mg. of Lake Valley. Standard Swansea Tamarack Viola, Limited Total, 64 companies., In 1887, 63 companies In 1886, 59 companies Location of mine. Idaho ....do Montana Nevada.. . Montana Dakota Montana Colorado California . . . Colorado Montana Colorado Utah Colorado ... .do Montana Colorado Nevada Colorado Nevada California Utah...... ... Montana Michigan Nevada Montana Nevada California ....do Colorado California Michigan Missouri California Idaho New Mexico. CaUfomia Colorado Michigan . . . Idaho Amount of dividends paid in 1888. J120,000 10,000 1,600,000 334,000 100,000 300,000 50,000 18,000 a56,60O 300,000 226,000 20,000 50,000 87,500 2,500 412, 500 50,000 40,000 100,000 200,000 150,000 900,000 6,000 150,000 21,000 144,000 29,850 70,310 80,000 25,000 282,663 360,000 3,000 15,312 20,000 25,000 60,000 3,000 640,000 93,750 Total amount Present mar- of dividends ket value of paid to date, the company. I 13,061,105 10,515,753 10,282,093 S120,000 10,000 5,200,000 1,822,500 1,257,500 4,293,750 233,252 239,600 5,057,650 2,400,000 321,000 800,000 70,000 175,000 2,500 2,093,467 800,000 130,000 100,000 230,000 150,000 9,725,000 123,000 1,173,500 21,000 300,000 39,850 3,425,000 3,320,000 25,000 1,337,575 4,970,000 6,000 1,568,145 20,000 25,000 3,595,000 6,000 600,000 337,500 101,483,709 98,519,767 81,751,981 (*) (*) 114,000,000 616, 000' (*) 2,750,000- 450,000' (*) (*) 1,600,000' (*) 40,000 (*) 6,600,000 (*) 125,000' (*) 280,000' (*) 4,875,000' (*) 950,000 (*) (*) 300,000 35,131 900,000 (*) 1,505,000 3,400,000 (*) 306,350 (*) 100,000 100,000 (*) 6,380,000 300,000 90,045,531 89,096,135 85,707,771 * Stocks not quoted on any exchange. The above table includes dividends paid in cash only from mines located in the United States, and the figures given are almost all from offlcial sources. There are also a large number of dividend pay- ing properties worked and owned by private individuals or " close corporations," of which it is im- possible to secure an accurate record. 420 UNIVERSAL EXPOSITION OF 1889 AT PARIS. v.— Dividends declared in 1884, 1885, 1886, 1887, and 1888. 1884. 1885. 1886. 1887. 1888. $372,500 1,714,474 1,349,000 578,250 $200,000 1,132,169 1,542,000 775,000 87,500 1,970,000 66,000 1,377,050 175,000 18,750 37,200 1,055,000 30,000 $225,000 1,035,684 2,044,250 773,600 195,000 1,900,000 184,000 8,439,628 436,287 3,750 70,000 $175,000 877,085 1,427,500 400,700 75,000 1,575,000 93,000 3,127,918 1,328,000 $140,000 1,004,786 881,000 316,000 Idaho 476,250 1,803,500 40,000 817,000 198,500 15,000 199,000 3,500,000 3,000 3,049,600 2,036,070 79,000 200,000 Utah . 2,137,500 31,000 975,000 1,357,600 1,486,600 Total 9, 284, 734 8,465,669 10,288,093 10.615,703 13,061,105 VI. — Assessments levied, or calls upon the shareholders by mining companies in 16SS. Name and location of company. AUouez, Mich Alpha M. and M., Nev . Alpha, Nev Alta, Nev Andes, Nev Anchor, Utah Baltimore, Nev Belcher, Nev Bellevue-Idaho, Idaho . Benton Cons., Nev . . Best & Belcher, Nev... BodieCons.,Cal Bodie Tunnel, Cal Bullion, Nev Bulwer, Cal Caledonia, Nev Challenge Cons., Nev . . Chollar, Nev Concord, N. C Concordia, Nev Commonwealth, Nev . . Cons. Imperial, Nev Cwur d'Alene, Idaho . . Oroclcer, Ariz Crown Point, Nev Del Monte, Nev Diana, Nev Exchequer, Nev Found Treasure, Nev . . Flowery, Nev Gould & Curry, Nev . . . Grand Prize, Nev Heath, Idaho Himalaya, Utah Iron Hill, Dalf John Duncan, Mich Justice, Nev Total levied in $80,000 52,500 52,500 108,000 50,000 106,000 75,000 156,000 18,750 108,000 100,800 100,000 25,000 50,000 20,000 16,000 25,000 112,000 3,000 75,000 50,000 25,000 25,000 26,000 160,000 85,000 10,000 40,000 18,000 20,000 140,400 26,000 .5,000 900 36,250 1,000 58,500 Total levied to date. $657,000 52,600 568,600 8,248,800 950,000 175,000 75,000 2,770,000 76,250 556,000 2,064, 690 500,000 245,000 4,007,000 80,000 3,170,000 56,000 1,488,000 6,000 76,000 170,000 1,800,000 85,000 105,000 2, 82.'., 000 26,000 75,000 790,000 24,000 130,000 4,837,400 640,000 85,000 2,700 118,760 2,000 3,544.000 Name and location of company. Keyes, Nev King of West, Idaho Kossuth, Nev Lady Washington, Nev. Locomotive, Ariz Mayflower, Cal Mexican, Nev Mikado, Mich ]\Ionf>, Cal Navajo, Nev Navajo Queen, Nev North Belle Isle, Nev . . North Bonanza, Nev N. Commonweeilth, Nev North Peer, Aiiz Occidental Con., Nev Ophir, Nev Paradise Valley, Nev . . Peerless, Ariz Phil Sheridan, Nev Pondere, Nev Potosi, Nev Russell, Cal Sampson, Utah Savage, Nev Scoi'pion, Nev Seabury-Calkins, Dak. , Seg. Belcher, Nev Sierra Nevada, Nev .... Silver King, Ariz Summit, Ariz Taylor Plumas, Cal Tioga Cons., Cal Trojan, Nev Tuscai'ora, Nev Utah Cons., Nev Union, Utah Total levied in $95,000 16,000 10,800 27,000 25.000 175,000 £0,400 6,000 CS.OOO 30,000 20,000 50,000 15,000 30,000 5,000 45,000 50,400 25,000 85,000 10,000 6,000 112,000 25,000 100,000 112,000 10,000 3,750 86,000 75,000 60,000 S,000 6,000 10,000 10,000 5,000 60,000 1,000 Total levied to date. $96,000 45,000 433,000 107,000 100,000 435,000 3,380,600 15,200 685,000 455,000 £0.000 275,000 280,000 30,000 11,000 70,000 4,109,840 57,000 345,000 30,000 5,000 1,405,600 60,000 288,257 6,436,000 295,000 27,600 36,000 6,125,000 60,000 117,600 10,000 295,000 360,000 5,000 120,000 7,000 KEPOKT OF COMMISSIONEE-GENERAL APPENDIX 31. 421 VII. — Statistics of the production of gold, silver, lead, and copper in the States and Territories west of the Missouri River during the year 1888 (to January 1, 1889). [Copy of the annual statement issued by John J. Valentine, vice-president and general manager* Wells, Fargo & Co.] San Franxiisco, December 31, 1888. William P. Blake, Special Agent, U. S. Mineral Collection, New York : Dear Sir: The following is a copy of our annual statement of precious metals produced in the States and Territories west of the Missouri River (including British Columbia, and receipts by express from, the West Coast States of Mexico) during 1888, which shows aggregate products as follows : Gold, $30,468,053 ; silver, $54,348,430; copper, $18,361,490: lead, $11,263,630. Total gross result, $114,341,593. As stated repeatedly, the facilities afforded for the transportation of bullion, ores, and base metals by the extension of railroads into mining districts increase the diffi- culty of verifying the reports of the products from several important localities ; especially is this the case in the reports from Colorado and Montana. And the gen- eral tendency is to exaggeration when the actual values are not obtainable from authentic sources ; but the aggregate result, as shown herein, we think may be relied on with reasonable confidence as approximately correct. States and Territories. Gold dust and bullion by express. Gold dust and bullion by other conveyances. Silver bullion by express. Ores and base bullion by freight. Total. California $9,160,083 2,876,275 601,666 94,112 $916,008 100,000 30,000 820,000 $662,662 6,858,530 $1,334,725 2,670,808 $12,06.3,468 12,305,603 701 666 Washington 134,112 820,000 8,685,000 33,376,000 7, 557, 341 2,635,000 5,100,000 277,720 3,100,000 193,598 712,600 2,390,716 960 479,400 3,700,000 11,600,000 3,479,138 17,725,100 183,641 860,798 453,210 1,195,673 2, .350, 000 16,776,000 3,800,388 5,930,400 2,782,040 3,460,470 Montana Utah Colorado 26 766 50O 50,000 100,000 100,000 3,209,279 5,123,868 2, 943, 932 1,196,633 479,400 Dakota . Mexico (West Coast States) British Columbia Total 27,622,020 2,116,008 46,698,738 38,004,826 114,341,692 The gross yield for Gold (26.65) Silver (47.63) Copper (15.97) Lead (9.86) Total , shown above, segregated, is approximately as follows: ; $30,468,062 54,348,420 18, 261, 490 11,263,630 114,341,592 422 UNIVERSAL EXPOSITION OF 1889 AT PAEIS. Annual products of lead, copper, silver, and gold in the States and Territories west of the Missouri River, 1870-1888. Year. 1870 1871 . 1872,. 1873. . 1874.. 1875.. 1876.. 1877.. 1878.. 1879.. 1880.. 1881 . Production as per Wells, Fargo & Co.'s statements, including amounts from British Colum- bia and west coast of Mex- ico. 1884. 1885. 1886 $54,000,000 58,284,000 62,236,959 72,258,693 74,401,045 80,889,057 90,875,173 98,421,754 81,154,622 75,349,501 80,167,936 84,504,417 92,411,835 90,313,612 84,975,954 90,181,260 103,011,761 104,645,959 114,341,592 Product after deducting amounts from British Colum- bia and west coast ot Mex- ico. $52,150,000 55,784,000 60,351,824 70,139,860 71,965,610 76,703,433 87,219,859 95,811,582 78,276,167 72,688,888 77,232,612 81,198,474 89,207,549 84,6311.812 81,633,a3.5 87,311,383 100,160,228 103,327,770 112,665,569 The net products of the States aod Territories west of the Missouri River, exclusive of Brit- ish Columbia and west coast of Mexico, di- vided, is as follows: Lead. $1,080,000 2,100,000 2,850,000 3,450,000 3.800,000 5,100,000 5,040,000 5,085,850 3,452,000 4,185,769 5,712,390 6,361,902 8,008,155 8,16.3,550 6,834.091 8,562,991 9, 183. 192 9,631,073 11,263,630 Copper. Silver. $898,000 1,195,000 4,(K6,0»i' 5,683,921 6,086,252 7,838,036 9,276,7.55 10,368,746 18,861,490 $17,320,000 19,286,000 19,984,429 27,483,308 29,699,122 31,635,239 39,292,924 45,846,109 37,248,137 37,032,875 38,033,055 42,987,613 48,133,039 42,975.101 43,589,985 44,516,599 58.136,851 50,833,884 53. 152, 747 Gold. $33,750,000 34,398,000 38,177,395 39,206,558 38,466,488 39,968,194 48,886,936 41,880,223 37,576,030 31,470,262 38,559,06? 30,653,969 29,011,318 27,816,640 2.5,183,567 26,393,756 29,561,424 32,500,067 29,987,702 The exports of silver during the past year to Japan, China, the Straits, etc., have been as follows: Fi-om London, |25,793,207; from Marseilles. $1,128,688: from San Francisco, $14,621-,431. Total, $41,543,326, as against $43,006,618 last year. Pounds sterUng estimated at $4.84. Statement of the product of gold a7id silver in the Republic of Mexico, revised and corrected from 1877 to 1888. Years. Gold. SUver. Total, 1877-1878 $747,000 881,000 942,000 1,013,000 ffl)7,000 956,000 1,055,000 914,000 1,026,000 1.047,000 1,031,000 $24,837,000 25,125,000 26,800,000 29,234,000 29,329,000 89,569,000 31,695,000 33,226,000 34,112,000 34.600.000 34.913.000 1878-1879 $25,584,000 1879-1880 1880-1881 26,006,000 87.742,000 1881-1882 80,247,000 1882-1883 30,866,000 1883-1884 30.525,000 1884-1886 32,7.W.000 1885-1886 34,140,000 1886-1887 1887-1888 35,188,000 35,047,000 Total 35,948,000 10,549,000 333,439,000 343,988.000 REPORT OF COMMISSIONER-GENERAL APPENDIX M. 423 Exhibit of coinage of gold, silver, and copper in the Republic of Mexico from the . 1st of July, 1873, to the 30th of June, 1888. Years. Gold dollars. Silver dollars. Copper dollars. 1873-1874 866,743 868,619 809,401 695,750 691,998 658,206 521,826 498,068 458,590 407,600 328,698 423,850 425,000 410,000 340,320 18,846,067 19,386,958 • 19,454,054 21,415,128 28,084,803 28,168,987 24,018,528 24,617,395 25,146,260 24,083,921 25,377,379 25,840,728 25,850,000 25,600,000 26,711,000 15, 966 1874-1875 21,712 1875 1876 30,654 1876-1877 9,035 1877-1878 41,. 364 1878-1879 16,300 1879-1880. . ... 14,035 1880-1881 48,858 1881-1882 11,972 1888-1883 1883 1884 1884-1885 ... 1885-1886 1887 1888 Total 8,386,069 350,594,608 203,296 SUMMARY. Gold Silver Copper Grand total . 350,594,608 359,183,973 Exhibit of the coinage of Mexico from the establishment of the mints in 1537 to the end of the fiscal year of 1888. Epoch. Gold. g8, 497, 950 19,889,014 40,391,447 Silver. Copper. Total. Colonial. ^52,067,456 441,629,211 888,563,989 J200,000 $760,765,406 461,518,225 929 298 J129 Pillar coin, 1732 to 1771 Bust coin, 1772 to 1881 342,898 Independence. Iturbide's Imperial Bust, from 1822 to 1823 63,778,411 2,082,860,656 542,893 2,151,581,960 557,392 45,040,628 18,575,669 740,846,485 19,132,961 790,522,290 Republic Eagle— 1824 to June 30, 1873 5,235,177 Bepublic. Eagle coin from July 1, 1873, to June; 30, 1888 . . 45,598,020 758,832,054 6,235,177 809,655,251 8,386,069 360,594,608 203,396 369,183,973 Colonial epoch, from 1537 to 1821, $3,151,581,960; Independence, from 1832 to 1873, $809,655,351; EepubUc, from 1873 to 1888, $359,183,973. Total, $3,320,421,184. The exhibits of production and mintage indicate a steady development of the niining interests of the United States of America, and also of Mexico, and, with the increasing facilities of railway communication fostering every department of indus- try, the outlook for a continued growth in the product of precious metals is flattering. John J. Valentine. APPENDIX N, LIST OF AWARDS TO UNITED STATES EXHIBITORS AND COLLABORATORS. GRAND PRIZES. Class. 53 S. E.* S. E.* r 8 8 6 9 43 44 67 7S vis 70 68 67 10 68 19 00 56 Exhibitor. American Bell Telephone Co Bergnerand Engel Brewing Co. . Brown and Sharp Manufacturing Co. Bureau of Labor Bureau of Education ...do Bureau of Ethnology Bureau of Education Boston Public Schools Century Company Department of State Department of Agriculture ...do ...do ...do Edison, Thomas A ray,A.J.,& Co Fairchild, Leroy W., « Co Gray, Elisha Hawlces.T. C Healey &Co International Button-Hole Sew- ing Machine Co. Johns Hopkins University McCormick Harvesting Machine Co. Melohers, J. Gari Pennsylvania R. R. Co Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute. Rowland, H. A Riley.C.V Salomon, R. A Sttj-gent, John S Secretary of War Stetson & Co Sellera, William,* Co. Address. Boston, Mass Philadelphia, Pa. Providence, R. I.. Washington, D. C ...do ...do ...do ...do Boston, Mass New York City Washington, D. C . . . ...do ...do ...do ...do Llewellyn Park, N. JJ. Cincinnati. Ohio . . . New York City . . . . Highland Park, 111. Coming, N. Y New York City Boston, Mass Baltimore, Md . Chicago, 111 Paris Philadelphia, Pa Troy, N. Y Baltimore, Md Washington, D. C. . . . Newark, N. J Chelsea, London. England. Washington, D. C Philadelphia, Pa. ...do Exhibit. 424 * Social Economy. Telephones and appliances. Lager beer. Machine tools. National and State reports. Reports on technical education. Reports and monographs. Reports. Reports. Text-books and students' work. Books and magazines. Illustration of textile industries. Tobaccos. Cereals. Native wines. Useful and injurious insects. Electric appliances, telephone, and phonograph. Wood-working machines. Gold pens, pen and pencil cases. Electrical appliances. Glass. Carriages. Sewing-machines. Publications and photographs. Reapers and mowers. Oil-painting. Car wheels, rails, and rolling stock. Text-books and school work. Optical gratings. Economic entomology. Leather. Oil-peunting. Reports of scientific expeditions. Hats. Tool-grinding, pointing, and shaping machines. BEPOKT OF COMMISSIOJ!JER-GENEHAL APPENDIX N. 425 List of awards— Grand prizes. Class. Exhibitor. Smithsonian Institution Thomson, Elihu Tiffany & Co United States Corps of Engineers. ...do United States Geological Survey . .. do ...do ...do United States Signal Service , ....do ....do United States Coast and Geodetic Survey. United States Naval Observatory. University of the State of New Yorl£, Walter A. Wood Wheeler and Wilson Manufactur- ing Co. Winchester Repeating Arms Co. Worthington Pumping Machine Co. Address. Washington, D. C . Lynn, Mass New York City . . . Washington, D. C. ...do . . .do ...do ....do ....do do. .do. do. .do . . .do Albany, N.Y. Hopsick Falls, N. Y . . Bridgeport, Conn New Haven, Conn . New York City Exhibit. Reports, etc. Inventions pertaining to electricity-. Silverware. ' Methods of civil engineering. Charts and reports. Photographic transparencies. Reports and chaHs. Do. Collection of ores and minerals of the- United States. Charts, monographs, and instru- ments. Meteorological instruments. Do. Charts. Time-service, Gardner system. Reports. Harvesters and reapers. Sewing-machines. Small-arms. Pumps. SPECIAL PRIZES— FIELD TRIALS. 49 49 49 49 49 49 49 49 Exhibitor. Whitman Agricultural Co . . . . Wood, Walter A., Manufactur- ing Co. Johnston Harvester Co McCormick Harvesting Ma- chine Co Wood, Walter A., Manufactur- ing Co. ....do Bradley & Co Johnston Harvester Co. Address. St. Louis, Mo . Hoosick Falls, N.Y. Batavla, N. Y. . . Chicago, Dl. Hoosick Falls, N.Y. ...do Syracuse, N. Y . . . Batavia, N. Y Award. Grand prize, ob- ject of art. . . .do First prize, gold medal. ....do do. ...do Second prize, sil- ver medal. ...do Exhibit. Steam fodder press. Reaper and binder. Do. Do. Mowing-machines, Reaper. Do. Do. SPECIAL PiaZES— FOR REPRODUCTIVE ANIMALS. Horses. Bennett, E. R . ...do ...do Topeka, Kans. . . . . .do ....do Silver medal and 400 francs. Silver medal and 600 francs. Silver medal and 600 francs. Two-year colt. Three-year stallion. Three-year mare. 426 UNIVERSAL EXPOSITION OF 1889 AT PARIS. List of awards— Special prizes. Class. Exhibitor. Address. Award. Exhibit. Horses. •Bennett, E. R ..do' Topeka, Kans. ....do Bronze medal and 500 francs. Bronze medal and 400 francs. Four-year stallion. Four-year mare. SPECIAL PRIZES— FOB PERMANENT COLLECTION. 82 E. B. Fernon ....do Washington, D. C ...do Silver medal . Mention Perishable and ev- ergreen leaves. Resins in pure grain. GOLD MEDALS. Class. Exhibitor. Address. Exhibit. a Abbey, E. A Bedford Gardens, London, England. New York City ...do Providence, R. I . ... Hartford, Conn Montana New York City Providence, R. I Chicago, HI Niagara Falls, N. Y Syracuse, N. Y New York City do Paintings. Reports and bulletins. Hydraulic Uft. Rolled and swaged wood-screw ma- chines. Calligraph writing-machine. Copper ore. Books. Steam-engines. Canned and salt meats, soup, and extracts. Photographic views. Text books and memory cards. Books. Leather. Farm forks. Lager beer. Specialties in boots and shoes. Leather. School laws, reports, etc. Catalogues and blanks. Annual reports, etc. Official grades of grain. Rubber boots and shoes. 8 62 53 American Museum of Natural History. American Elevator Co American Screw Co 59 41 American Writing-Machine Co. . . Anaconda Mining Co . 9 Appletou & Co . . . 52 Armington & Sons 70,71 Armour & Co 12 Barker, George 6 Bardeen, C. W., & Co 6 4r Barnes, A. S., & Co Barnet, J. S., & Bro 49 Batchellor & Sons Co. Wallingford, Vt New York City do 73 Beadleston & Woerz 36 BenekeBros 47 Blanohard Brothers & Lane . do 6 7 Board ot Education, Wisconsin . . ....do Madison, Wis do 67 Board of Education, Micliigan . . , Board of Trade Boston Rubber Shoe Co ... Grand Rapids Chicago, 111 39 45 ....do ...do Fitchburg, Mass Adams, Mass 62 10 Brown, C. H., & Co Brown Paper Co Bureau ot Education Buffalo Public Schools Specialties in rubber boots and shoes. Steam-engine. Paper. Reports and monographs. Text-books, blanks, etc. Wines, Dried, salt, and smoked meats. Programme of work. Vn.seline prepai-ations. Reports. Wines. Illustrations of vine industries. li 6 Wasliington, D. C . . . Buffalo, N. Y San Francisco Baltimore, Md. Chuutauqua, N. Y. New York City Chicago, 111 Livermore, Cal Washington, D. C 73 70,71 California State Viticultural Com- mission. Casaard,G.,& Son 6 Chautauqua Association . . 46 G Clii'seboro' Manufacturing Co . . , Chicago Public Library, . 73 75 ChauchS, A. G Clayton, B. F EEPORT OF COMMISSIONER-GENEEAL APPENDIX N. 427 List of awards— Gold medals. 73 8 8 28 S.E.* 63 41 44 41 52 ?0,71 48 56 15 29 41 45 50 fi.E.* S.E.* 78 m. 36 44 41 12 74 SS 73iiM 15 Exhibitor. Commissioner Agriculture, Kans. Cornell University Cope.E.D Colgate & Co Collective exhibit o£ the States of California, North CaroHna, Florida, Illinois, Maine, Michi- gan, Missouri, New Hampshire, New York, Pennsylvania, and cities of Buffalo, Cleveland, New York, Pittsburgh, San Francisco, St. Paul, Springfield, Syracuse, and Washington, D.C . Colt's Patent Fire Arms Manu- facturing Co. Coll Vulcanite Wire Co Corbm, P. & F Cotton-seed Oil Product Co Cowles' Electric Smelting and Aluminum Co. Crosby Steam Gaugeand Valve Co. Curtis Bros Cyclone Pulverizer Co Davis Sewing Machine Co Darling, Brown & Sharpe Demuth & Co Delaware and Hudson Canal Co. Devoe, F. W., & Co Department Public Instruction, Iowa. ...do Department Public Instruction, California. ....do Department Public Instruction, Massachusetts. Department Agriculture ....do Department of Labor, Massachu- setts. Department of Labor, New York Dodge.J.E Dunlap,E.,&Co Dutton,H.F.,&Co Drake Company Eastman Dry Plate and Film Co. Eastman Business College Educational Publishing Co Elizabeth Public Schools Enterprise Manufacturing Co . Eureka Fire Hose Co Fernon, E. B; Gardner, William F Address. Topeka, Kans... Ithaca, N. Y.... Philadelphia, Pa New York City. Hartford, Conn. Wilmington, Del . New York City. . ...do Lockport, N. Y. . Boston, Mass Rochester, N. Y New York City Watertou-!). T, Y. Provide'i 1. . New York ^..y. . . ...do ...do Des Moines, Iowa. ...do Sacramento, Cal . ...do Boston, Mass. Washington, D. C. ...do Boston, Mass. Albany, N.Y Washington, D. C. . . New York City. . . . Gainesville, Fla Arizona Eochester, N.Y Poughkeepsie, N.Y. Boston, Elizabeth, N.J Columbiana, Ohio New York City Washington, D. C Naval Observatory, Washington, D. C. * Social economy. Exhibit. Agrieultm-al reports. Photographs and annual registers. Casts extinct mammals'. Soaps and perfumes. Labor reports and statistics. Fire-arms. Insulated wire. Builders' hardware. Oil products. Aluminum alloys, etc. Valves and gauges. Canned meats. Ore-crusher. Sewing-machines. Instruments of precision. Meerschaum pipes. Coal. Eailway varnishes and paints. Official documents. Do. Do. Do. Do. Specimens of woods. Methods of farming and food indus- tries. Eeports and statistics. Do. Charts and statistics of agriculture. Hats. Sea Island cotton. Petrified wood. Photographic appliances. Methods, pl?.otos,students' work.etc. "Education" and "Common School Education." Students' work, etc. Feed grinders. Woven hose. Map of forest area, United States. Collaborator. 428 UNIVERSAL EXPOSITION OF 1889 AT PARIS. List of awards— Gold medals. Class. S.E.* 24 67 69 1 44 59 19 19 62 24 48 6 42 S.E.* 49 6 5 42 19 16 6 9 19 8 8 50 72 39 44 6,7,8 73 Exhibitor. Address. Garner* Co I New York City. ...do do . Gilman, N. C Gorham Manufacturing Co . . Glen Cove Manufacturing Go. Green Mountain Stock Farm. Harrison, Alexander Haas.L.B Hammond Type-writer Henry, C. Edward Heidt, Louis Heisler Electric Light Co Heller Herring & Co Heywood Bros. & Co . Hitchcock, George . . . Hill,GeorgeW Hollerith , Herman Houghton, MifBin & Co . Howes, Simeon Hussman, George Indian Industrial School Ingersoll Rock Drill Co Ivison, Blakeman & Co Jackson, A.' C Johns Hopkins University Pub- lication Agency. Johnston Harvester Co Journal of Education and The American Teacher Kingsley, E Korbel Brothers Kunz, Joseph Kunz, George F. (Tiffany & Co.) . . Ladd & Cofdn Lafarge, John Leslie, J. P Lippincott, J. B., & Co ...do Macbeth, George A Manual Training School ...do Maillard,H ...do Marks' Adjustable Folding-Chalr, Maryland Leaf Tobacco Associa- tion. Massachusetts Institute of Tech- nology. Mayer, Strouse & Co Megliavalla Boston, Mass New York City ...do West Randolph, Vt. . Paris Hartford, Conn New York City Eokomo, Ind Brooklyn.N.Y St. Louis, Mo Gorham Manufactur- ing Co., New York City. New York City ...do Paris Department of Agri- culture. Washington, D. C Boston, Mass Silver Creek, N. Y Department of Agri- culture. Carlisle. Pa New Y^ork City ...do Sanford,Fla Baltimore, Md Batavia, N. Y . St. Louis.Mo Boston, Mass . . . New York City San Francisco, Cal. Morrisania, N. Y' . . New York City . New Y'ork City . . . ...do Harrisburg, Pa ... . Philadelphia, Pa . . . ....do Pittsburgh, Pa Philadelphia, Pa . . . St. Louis, Mo New York City ....do ....do Baltimore, Md Boston, Mass . New York City , Napa, Cal • Social economy. Exhibit. Printed cotton fabrics. Methods of printing and finishing goods. Profit sharing. Silverware. Maizena. Butter. Oil painting. Tobaccos. Type-writers. Opalescent glass. Stained glass. Dynamo and automatic regulator. Collaborator. Rattan furniture. Oil painting. Collaborator. Apparatus for compiling statistics. Books. Milling machinery. Collaborator. Reports, students' work, etc. Mining appliances. Books. Florida woods. Publications. Agricultural implements. Volumes. Do. Engravings. CaUfornia woods. Lager beer. Collaborator. Perfumes. Stained glass. Geological maps. Educational publications. Books. Glass. Students' work and methods. Do. Machines for making candies. Bonbons and chocolate. Chairs. Tobacco. Catalogues, scholars' work, etc. Corsets. Wines, REPOKT OF COMMISSIONER-GENERAL APPENDIX N. 429 List of awards— Gold medals. Glass, %4 6 9 69 70,71 73 6 73 71 58 54 6 64 S.E.* 41 . 56 9 67 63 73 52 56 67 45 6 6 6 43 11 7 7 7 41 2 45 59 74 53 20 13 73 vis. 53 S3 6 56 53 60 Exhibitor. Address. Meriden BritaaniaCo Merriara.G. C.,& Co ...do Miohener, J. H ...do Montgomery Brewing Company. Moline Public Schools Mott, S.R.andT.C Morris & Co McKellar, Smiths & Jordan National Cordage Co National Deaf -Mute College National Soldiers' Home Nelson, N. O., Manufacturing Co Nevada Mineral Exhibit New Home Sewing Machine Co . . i New York Bank Note Co Northern Paoiflo Railroad Co O'Bolger, Thomas (Paine Shoe Lasting Co). Ohio Commissioners of Schools . Okonite Company Osborne, Son & Co Otis Brothers & Co Paine Shoe Lasting Machine Co. PiUsbui-y, C. A., & Co Meriden, Conn Springfield, Mass . . ...do Philadelphia, Pa. . . ...do Montgomery, Ala. . Mohne,Ill New York City Chicago, HI Philadelphia, Pa . . . New York City Washington, D. C . Hampton, Va St. Louis, Mo Carson, Nev New York City ...do ....do Rochester, N. Y Columbus, Ohio . . . New York City Philadelphia, Pa. . . New York City Rochester, N. Y . . . Minneapolis, Minn . Pease, F. S Perkins' Institute for the Blind Pittsburgh Public Schools "Popular Educator " Plant System of Railways Prang & Co Pubhc Schools of Galveston. . . Public Schools of Boston. ..... Public Schools of Pittsburgh. . Randal, J. B Reinhart, C. S Revere Rubber Co Remington Standard Type writer Richmond Cedar Works Brown, Sharpe ,& Co Roolrwood Pottery Rowland, Henry A Saunders, Wm Sellers, Wm Sellers, John B Silver, Burdette & Co Singer Sewing Machine Co ... . Simonds, Geo. F Schloss, N. J., & Co Smith & Wesson Smith Middlings Purifier Co. . . Sockanossftt School for Boys. Solway Process Co Southern Cotton Seed Oil Co. . Buffalo, N. Y Boston, Mass Pittsburgh, Pa. . . Boston, Mass Tampa, Fla Boston, Mass Galveston, Tex Boston, Mass Pittsburgh, Pa San Francisco, Cal Paris I Paintings. Boston, Mass | Rubber goods. Exhibit. Plated ware. Dictionaries. Text-books. Lard. Cured meats. Lager beer. Scholars' work. Cider. Canned meats. Type. Cordage and rope. Reports and plans. Hospital plans. Report on profit sharing. Ores and minerals. Sewing-machines. Specimens of engraving. Agricultural products. Collaborator. Text-books. Insulated wire. Whiskey. Gas engines and hydraulic lift. Lasting machine. Official grades of wheat flour in dif- ferent stages. Lubricating oils. Scholars' work, etc. Do. Volumes. Products fishing and hunting. Chromolithographs. Rep'orts and methods. Do. Do. Quicksilver ores. nion, N. Y Richmond, Va.. .. ....do Cincinnati, Ohio. . Baltimore, Md Dept. Agriculture . Philadelphia, Pa.. ....do Boston, Mass .... New York Fitchburg, Mass . - New York City . . . Springfield, Mass. Jackson, Mich Howard, R. I Syracuse, N. Y New York City ♦Social economy. Type-writer. Chiu'ns. Collaborator. Artistic pottery. Photographs of spectrums. Plans of gardens, etc. Collaborator. Do. Music publications. Sewing-machines. Metal rolling machine. Children's clothing. Fire-arms. Flour-dressers, etc. Text-books and students' work. Soda. Oil. 430 UKIVERSAL EXPOSITION OF 1889 AT PARIS. List of awards— Gold medals. __^ 52 6 53 70,71 n 29 37 36 12 S. E.* 1 45 44 68 10 1 S. E.' 62 73 52 56 49 67 65 S. E.* S. E.* S. E. 68 S. E,* Exhibitor. SocifitS Anonyme pour TExploita- tion des Brevets (Mackay and Copeland). Sprague Electric Railway and Motor Co. Straight Line Engine Co State Department of Education.. Stiles & Parker Press Co Swift & Co Tiffany & Co ...do ...do ..do United States Naval Academy . . United States Quartermaster's Department. UJhited States Entomological Ex- hibit. Union Metallic Cartridge Co University of Virginia University of California Universal Peace Union Vail, Eugene L Valentine & Co Vaughan & Sarvay Volta Graphophone Co Warren, S. D., & Co Weeks, E. L Wells, David Western Electric Co Wetmore, Chas. A Wheelock, Jerome White Sewing Machine Co Whitman Agricultural Co Wiley, Dr. H.W Address. Paris.. New York City. . Syracuse, N. Y Harrisburg, Pa Middletown, Conn . . Chicago, ni Wright, Peter, & Sons. Wright, Carroll D .do. Woman's Christian Temperance Union. Yale and Towne Manufacturing Co. ....do Young Men's Christian Associa- tion. New York City ...do . . .do . . do Annapolis, Md Washington, D. C . . . Department of Agri- culture. Bridgeport, Conn. . . . Charlottesville, Va . . Berkeley, Cal Philadelphia, Pa . . Paris New York City . Richmond, Va New York City . ... Boston, Mass Paris New York Chicago, 111 Livermore, Cal Worce.stei". Mas.s . . . Cleveland, Ohio St. Louis, Mo Washington, D. C. - . New York Washington, D. C. Exhibit. ...do New York City . New Haven, Conn . . . ...do New York City . Lasting machines. Electric railway motors. Steam-engine. Annual reports. Drop-hammers, presses, and dies. Salt, packed, dried, salted, and smoked meats. Heraldic engraving. Leather goods. Jewelry. Shells. Text-books. Uniforms Continental soldiers. Economic entomology. Cartridges. Text-books, photographs, etc. Photographs of the moon. Pamphlets, illustrations, etc Oil painting. CaiTiage varnishes and paints. Tobaccos. Graphophones. Fine piintiog papers. Oil painting. Reports on Practical Economy Electric appliances. Wiues. Engine system. Sewing machines. Agricultural implements. Illustrations of experiments with sorghum sugai' cane. Steamship models. Papers on profit-sharing and co- operation. Labor reports and statistics. Temperance coffeehouse. Buildei-s' hai-dware. Post-oflftce system. Reports on workingmen's clubs. SILVER MEDALS. Acme Manuf acturmg Co Wilmington, N. C Bagging. Allen, Ginter& Co Alman, Louis American Antiquarian Society. . American Braided Wire Co Richmond, Va New York Worcester, Mass. , Philadelphia, N.Y. * Social Economy. Cigarettes and tobaccos. Photographs. Catalogues, etc. Braided wii-e articles. REPORT OF COMMISSIONER-GENERAL APPENDIX N. 431 List of awards— Silver medals Class. 41 53 49 30 3ter. 47 27 6 ~73 48 53 8 18 1 72 46 44 44 1 45 70,71 17 6 19 47 67 10 57 16 6,7,8 12 Exhibitor. American Bit Brace Co American Journal of Education . American Eoad Machine Co American School at Athens, Greece. American Tool and Machine Co. Amherst College Armour & Co ....do Atlantic Cotton Mills Atwater, W. O Baldwin, Gleason & Co Barnes, A.S.,&Co Barrie, George Beck, Adolph Bentz, Dietsch & Betz Bernales (de) & Co Betz, Carl Berringer Bros Blake, Theo.A Bliss, E.W., &Co Blume, E. F Bohmann, Joseph Boggs, Frank M Bolen & Byrne Borne, Scrymoci & Co Bowman, N. R Boyce, S. S Bridgman, F. A Brown, B.F.,& Co Brougham, George Brunswicke, Balke & CoUender. . Buifalo Public Library Buffalo Stained Glass Works Burk Brothers Butler, A. P Carter, Dinsmore & Co Casey Machine Supply Co Cassard,G.,&Son Chadbom & ColdweU Manufact- uring Co. Chase, William M Chamberlain, T. C Christiansen Institute Clark,D.R Clark, Washington A Clough & McConnell Closson,W. B Colorado Institute for Deaf and Blind. Columbia Typewriter Co College Physicians and Surgeons. Colvin, Verplank Cooper Union Coolidge, Baldwin Address. Buffalo,N.Y St. Louis, Mo Kennett Square, Pa. Athens, Greece Boston, Mass Amherst, Mass . . . Chicago, 111 ,...do Lawrence, Mass . . Washington, D.C. New York City . . . .do Philadelphia, Pa San Francisco, Cal. . . Newark, N. J New York City Kansas City, Mo St. Helena, Cal New Haven, Conn . . . New York City ....do Chicago, 111 Paris New York City ....do Lynchburgh, Va New York City Paris Boston, Mass Chicago, HI New York City Buffalo, N. Y ...do Philadelphia, Pa. . . . Columbia, S. C Boston, Mass New York City Baltimore, Md Newburgh, N. Y. . . . New York City Madison, Wis Brooklyn, N.Y Chicago, 111 Columbia, S. C New York City ...do Colorado Springs, Col. Exhibit. New York City. Baltimore, Md. . Albany, N.Y.... New York City. Boston, Mass Mechanical tools. Periodical. Road machines. Reports. Screw-cutting lathes. Catalogues, reports, etc. Lard. FertiUzers. White cotton goods. Plans and reports on agricultural colleges, etc. Steel prints, etc. Books. Do. Wines. Leather. Lamps. Text-books. Wine. Jaw crusher. Drop-hammers, presses, and dies. Painting. Musical instruments. Oil painting. Aerated beverages. Oils. Tobaccos. Hemp and flax. Oil painting. ' Blacking. Meat extracts and soups. Bilhard tables. Catalogue, Glass. Leather. Rice —processes. Inks. Naihng machines. Lard. Lawn mowers. Oil painting. Surveys, reports, etc. Scholars' work. Photographs, Sea island cotton. Wire cork-screw machine. Engravings. Photographs and scholars' work.. Type-writers. Text-books and monograph. Reports and surveys. Catalogues and repoi'ts, etc. Photographs. 432 UNIVERSAL EXPOSITION OF 1889 AT PARIS. List of awards— Silver medals. Class. Exhibifx)r. 62 . S.E.I 16 45 .70,71 53 . 76 6 1 60 32 •70,71 S.E.* S.E.* S.E-* S.E.* ;S.E.* S.E.* .S.E.* 6 Commercial Cable Co Consolidate Telegraph and Elec- trical Subway Company. Connor, W. E Corbin, P., &F Cornell University Cook.G.H Cotton-seed Oil Product Co. Cowdry,E.J., & Co Curran, John T Coxwell Dake, Charles. Dadant & Son Davis, T.P Davis, C.H Dann Bros. & Co Department of Agriculture ...do Department of Labor, Connecticut Department of Labor, Illinois Department of Labor, Ehode Island. Department of Labor, Ohio Department of Labor, Iowa Department of Labor, Kansas Department of Labor, Michigan . . Department of Public Instruc- tion, Dakota. Department of Public Instruc- tion, Rhode Island. Dimes, William Derby and Kilmer Desk Co, DeTurk, J Dewing, S. W Dolph.TheA.M. Co Donoho, G. R Dodd,Mead&Co Douglas, W. and B ...do Eclectic Medical College . Ehlets Electron Manufacturing.Co . . Enterprise Manufacturing Co Estes & Lauriat Estes & Sons Fairohilds Bros. & Foster Fairchild, Leroy W., & Co Address. New York and Paris. New York City Healey & Co., New York City. New Britain, Conn Ithaca, N. Y New Bnmswick, N.J. New York City Boston, Mass Tiffany & Co., New York City. Solway Process Co., Syracuse, N. Y. American Screw Co., Providence, R. I. Hamilton, 111 New City St. Legere, France New Haven, Conn — Washington, D. C . . .do Hartford, Conn Springfield, m Providence, R. I Columbus, Ohio. . . Des Moines, Iowa . Topeka, Kans Lansing, Mich Dakota Exhibit. Providence, R. I Tiffany & Co., New York aty. Somerville, Mass Santa Rosa, Cal New York City ...do ...do ...do Middletown, Conn ...do Cincinnati Ohio Colt's Arms Manu- facturing Co. , Hart- ford, Conn, Brooklyn, N.Y Philadelphia, Pa Boston, Mass New York City . , ...do . . , do ♦ Social Economy. Telegraph apparatus. Electrical subways. Collaborator. Builders' hardware. Reports on technical education. Surveys. Soaps. Canned meats. Collaborator. Do. Do. Bee-keeping appliances. Engravings. Oil painting. Bent carriage wood. Wool. Pomology. Reports and statistics. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Annual reports. Do. Collaborator. Desks. Wines. Oil painting. Laundry machines. Oil painting. Books. Pumps. Agricultural engines and hydraulic rams. Works by the faculty. Collaborator. Motors. Haixlware specialties. Publications. Turned-wood articles. Pharmaceutical preparations. Jewelry and precious metals. REPORT OF COMMISSIONER-GENEKAL APPENDIX N. 433 List of awards— Silver medals. Exhibitor. 41 70,71 36 6,7,8 14 36 1 73 bis 6 7 9 58 89 73 19 12 S.E.* 73 73 16 73 18 44 1 7 19 60 26 44 1 6 73 42 S.E.» 57 73 Famhain, Paul Fenwick, Charles. Foldiag Trunk Co Follmer,aogg& Co Foote,A.E Franco- American Soup Co Franklin & Co Free Evening Industrial School Frees, C. A Friedlauder, A.,& Co Gay, Walter Galloway.B. T Galveston Public Schools. ... Gebbie & Co Gebbie & Hasson Ginn & Co ....do Golding& Co Gorham Manufacturing Co Greenbaum, Alfred Greenough, Walter C Guerin,F.W Hadley, Arthur Hagen, Henry . Address. ...do Hall, James H Haraszthy, Arpad & Co Hartford Woven Wire Mattress Co. Harthill, Alex Harrison. Birge Heath, D. C, & Co Healey & Millet Heine, Arguste Heinrich, H.H Hinson, W. O Howe.W.H Home for Feeble-minded Children Hooper, George F Hough, R. B Houghton, Mifllin & Co Huff, C. F. H Hume & Co Hyatt School Slate Co. . Ivison, Blakeman & Co. Jackson, Arthur Jenne Tiffany & Co., New York City. American Writing Machine Co., New York City. New York City ....do Philadelphia, Pa New York City ....do Boston, Mass New York City ....do Paris Washington, D. C Galveston, Tex Philadelphia, Pa ...do Boston, Mass ....do Boston, Mass New York City San Francisco, Cal New York City St. Louis, Mo Yale College, New Haven. Cedar Knoll, Napa, Cal. ....do Albany, N.Y San Francisco Hartford, Conn Louisville, Ky '. . Paris Boston, Mass Chicago, ni Silver Creek, N.Y... New York City James Island, S. C . . . Paris Santa Clara, Cal Sonoma, Cal Lowville,N.Y Cambridge, Mass A.J. Fay & Co., Cin- cinnati, Ohio. Washington, D. C Bethlehem, Pa New York City Sanford,Fla Remington Standard T3T)e Writer, Ilion, N.Y. * Social Economy. Exhibit. Collaborator. Do. Trunks. Umbrellas. Minerals. Soups. Boys' costumes. Students" work. Artificial limbs, etc. Cloaks. Oil painting. Vegetable pathology. Papers, charts, and scholars' work. Books. Photo-engravings. Text-books. Educational books. Printing presses. Fancy articles. Wines. Stained glass. Photographs. Wines. Brandies. Wines. Geological surveys. Wines. Mattresses and iron bedsteads. Tobaccos. Oil painting. School and college text-books. Stained glass. Milling machinery. Chronometers.. Sea island cotton. Oil painting. Scholars' work. Wines. Veneers. Publications. Collaborator. Whiskey. School slates. Books. Florida products. Collaborator. H. Ex. 410- -28 434 UNIVERSAL EXPOSITION OF 1889 AT PAEIS. List of awards -Silver medals. Exhibitor. Johns HopMns University Publi- cation Agency. Johnson, Alfred Johnston, Samuel, & Co Kern.M.J ,■•■ Kimball, C. P., & Co.. KimbaU,W.S.,&Co. Knight.D.R Kohler & Frohling . . Kunz, George F Lake Erie Seminary Lampson Consohdated Store Service. Leinbach, Felix W Lervis. Wilfred Lothrop,D.,&Co Low.W.H Lowell, John & Co Lorenz, George Lloyd & Supplee Lyon, Amasa, & Co MacEwen, Walter McCoy, James S McLoughlin, Louise H. McLean, N. W Massachusetts College of Phar- macy. Massachusetts Society for the Promotion of Agriculture. Merriam, E. H Michigan Public Schools MiUs, Wm., & Son Miller Lock Co Monticello Wine Co Morse Twist;, Drill and Machme Co. Mosler, Henry Mount Holyoke Seminary Morrell, John, & Co Munson, F. U Address. Myers, Fred Napa Valley Wine Co National Law School New Urbana Wine Co Newland, H. A New York House of Refuge ... . New York Polyclinic Northern Pacific R. R Numsen, W., & Sons Ogontz School for Young Ladies Exhibit. Baltimore, Md . Paris Brockport, N. Y Department of Agri- culture. Chicago, 111 Rochester, N. Y Poissy, France San Francisco, Cal . . . Tiffany & Co,, New York City. Painesville, Ohio New York City Bethlehem^ Pa WiUiam Sellers & Co., Philadelphia, Pa. Boston, Mass New York City Boston, Mass Toledo, Ohio Philadelphia New York City Paris New York City Cincinnati, Ohio Department of Agri- culture. Boston, Mass do. Washington, D. C. Coldwater, Mich New York City Philadelphia, Pa Charlottesville, Va . New Bedford, Mass Paris South Hadley, Mass . . Chicago, 111 Depai'tment of Agri- culture. New York City Napa, Cal Washington, D. C... Hammondsport, N. Y Detroit, Mich Randall's Island, N . Y New York City ... ....do Baltimore, Md Ogontz, Pa Books and periodicals. Sewing machines. Agricultural implements. Collaborator. Carriages, Cigarettes and smoking tobaccos. Oil painting. \S'ine and brandy. Collaborator. Choral music, catalogues, etc. Knox check and adding machine. Paper-bag machine. Collaborator. Books. Painting. Engravings. Perfumes. Lawn mowers. Umbrellas. Oil painting. Pneumatic tool, Rfpoussfi work. Collaborator. Course of study and students' works. Michaux's forest flora. Mammals and birds of economic importance. Reports, manuals, and books. Fishing rods. Combination locks. Wines. Drills, reamers, and chucks. Oil painting. History, catalogues, views. Butter. Collaborator. Type-writmg machines. Wines. Reports. Wines. Fiu-s. Scholars" work. Photographs and order of clinics. Sections of forest tives. Canned fruits and vegetables. Views and blaulcs. REPORT OF COMMISSIONER-GENERAL APPENDIX N. 435 List of awards— Silver medals._ Class. 41 49 70,71 S3 S.E. 8 73 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 16 11 74 1 2 44 70,71 28 44 27 2 70,71 35 42 69 73 6is 42 6 12 67 73 13 45 Exhibitor. Ohio Institute for Feeble-minded Youth. Ontario Mining Co Oshom, D. M., & Co Pacific Orchard Cannery Parks, H Peacedale Manufacturing Co . Pearson, Alexander W . Peckham Street Car Wheel and Axle Co. Pennsylvania Training School ... Pennsylvania Oral Training School for the Deaf. PhiladelphiaCoUege of Pharmacy Pleasant Valley Wine Co Poughkeepsie Public Library Pratt, D. C PubUc Schools of ...do ...do ...do ...do ...do Eand, McNaUy & Co Rath, A Eeid, A. H Reinhart, C. S Remington, Fred Roberts, R. R Richardson & Rollins Eicksecker, Theo EUey,C. V Rochester Lamp Co . . Rolshoven, Julius Rosa, John J Roth & Goldschmidt . Rothrock, J.P Salmon, D. E ....do Sargeant, Chas. S " School Journal " Scholten Schumaker, A. T., & Co . Schilling, C ,& Co Seabury & Johnson ....do Seigel Brothei-s Sendker, A. H Address. Columbus, Ohio . Park City, Utah Auburn, N. Y San Jos6, Cal Brown & Sharpe Man- ufacturing Co., Providence, R. I. Peacedale, R. I Department of Agri- culture. New York City Elwyn, Pa Scranton, Pa . Philadelphia, Pa Eheims, N.Y Poughkeepsie, N. Y. . . New York City Columbus, Ohio Cincinnati, Ohio Chicago, nis Cambridge, Mass New Haven, Conn Sandusky, OJiio Chicago, 111 New York City Philadelphia, Pa Paris New York City Washington, D. C Dover, Del New York City Department of Agri- culture. New York City. Paris Milford, Del New York City Philadelphia Department Agricult- ure. ...do Jamacia Plains, Mass. New York City St. Louis, Mo Akron, Ohio San Francisco, Cal . . . New York City ....do ....do Buffalo, N. Y * Social economy. Exhibit. Views and pupils^ work. Silver, gold, and lead ores. Harvesting machinery. Canned fruits and fruits in brandy. Collaborator. Charts and. documents relating to profit-sharing. Collaborator. Wheels and axles. Annual reports. Do. Charts, text-books, etc. Wine. Reports, manuals, and catalogues. School appliances. Reports, etc. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Maps, atlases, etc. Vignettes on stone. Dairy appliances. Oil-painting. Painting. Flax and hemp. Canned meats. Perfumes. Collaborator. Lamps. Painting. Evaporated peaches. Corsets. Photographs of trees. Coll. exhibit of butter and cheese. Charts of animed food industries. Sections of trees. Educational periodical. Photographs. Finished cereal products. Wines. Pharmacopoeial plasters. Sydronapthal. Ladies' and misses' underwear. Shoes. 436 UNIVERSAL EXPOSITION OF 1889 AT PARIS, List of awards— Silver medals. Class, 26 60 2 36 44 27 6 69 62 6 10 12 8 53 73 7 12 53 73 ter S.E.* 15 52 58 58 19 S.E.* 62 S 45 67 70,71 70,71 8 76 Exhibitor. Setn Thomas Cloolc Co Shepard. H. G., & Sons Sherwood, Rosina Emmet. . . . Shillaber&Co Sioiix City Linseed Oil Works. Simpson, L. H Somerville Public Library... . Southern Cotton-Seed Oil Co . . Sparry Electric Co State Dept. Public Instructions Stafford, L. S Stein, S. L Stevens Institute Technology . . Sternley, J. H., & Son Stone Hill Wine Co St. Stanislaus Commercial College Supt. Public Instruction Supt. Education Syracuse Academy Tabor, H Tanite Taylor. L Address. Thomaston, Conn . . New Haven, Conn. New York City Lynn, Mass Sioux City, Iowa . . Paris Somerville, Mass . . New York City Chicago, ni Lansing, Mich New York City Milwaukee, Wis Hoboken, N. J Reading. Pa Hermann, Mo Bay St. Louis, Mo . . Denver, Col Baltimore, Md Syracuse, X. Y San Francisco, Cal . Stroudsburgh, Pa . . Washington, D. C . . Tenemenl^House Building Co ... . New York City Thatcher, Edwin j Decatur, Ala . . . Thomson, John ; New York City . do Thorne Type-Setting Machine. . . Tiffany & Co Training School for Nurses Underwood Manufacturing Co. . University of Illinois Upton, Geo Van Dieman, H. E do Van Nostrand & Co Virginia Historical Society . Walker, Philip Wallin Leather Co Warner & Swaaey Warner, William R., & Co Warren, Lange & Co Washington and Lee University. Weber, Albert Weir, J. A Westinghouse Machine Co. . . White, L., & T Whitehouse, P. c Whittemore, W. T Wiokes Refrigerator Co Wiley, John, & Sons Williams, David Williatas, The John R. Co ! ' Hartford, Conn New York City ...do Tolland, Conn Urbana, 111 Boston, Mass Department Agricult- ure. ....do New York City Richmond, Va Department Agricult- ure, Grand Rapids, Mich.. Cleveland, Ohio. Philadelphia, Pa New York City Lexington, Va New York City ..,do Pittsburgh, Pa Buffalo, N, Y New York City ...do .do. .do. .do. .do. Exhibit. * Social economy. Clocks. Bent carriage wood-work. Painting. Shoes. Oil, meal, and cake. Stove. Reports and catalogue. Oil. Electric-light plant. Reports. Ink. Photographs. Views and publioatious. Bolt and screw machines. Wines. Students' work. Biennial reports. Reports and scholars' work. Reports and catalogue. Photographs. Emery wheels. Micrographic illustrations of animo) fats. Plans for dwellings. Slide-rule. Water meters. Printing presses. Type-setting machine. Decorative glass. Methods and reports. Inks, mucilage, etc. Reports. Glue and sand-paper. Collaborator. Collection of fruits. Dried fruits. Documents. Collaborator. Leather. Brass-working machinery. Pharmaceutical preparations* Wall papers. Reports. Piano. Oil-painting. Automatic engine. Edge tools. Relief maps. Paintings. System cold storage. Books. Trade publications. Cigar-making appliances. REPORT OF COMMISSIONER-GENERAL APPENDIX N. 437 List of awards— Silver medals. Class. Exhibitor. Address. Exhibit. 24 M 30 Wilkinson, George Wilson, J. J., Son & Co Willimnnt.id T.inon Pfi Gorham Manufactur- ing Co., New York City. Richmond, Va Willimantic, Conn.... Minneapolis, Minn. St. Helena, Cal Wobum, Mass do Collaborator. Tobacco. Spool thread. Surveys. Wmes. Reports and photographs. Reports and scholars' work. Type- writer. 16 73 6 6 WinolieU,W. H Wiueberger, Mrs. J. C Wobum Public Library Wobxim Public Schools 59 World Type-Writer Co New York City BRONZE MEDALS. 41 41 73 5 41 8,7,8 1 S3 73 60 41 51 9 46 1 51 1 45 41 1 1 49 4S 1 73 1 41 41 29 10 S.E.* 41 76 Abraham, L. C, & Bros Adams, J.S.,& Co Adamson, Rutherford Aikman, W. W Ahce Gold and Silver Mining Co. Alabama Polytechnic Institute. . Allen, W.S American Leather Link Belt Co. American Wine Co Armiger,E.,& Sons Ausable Horse-shoe Nail Co Bailey Wringing Machine Co Baird, Carey & Co Bancroft & Bloede Beekwith, T. C Bentzen, Charles A Bell,Ed.A Bell, E.W., Manufacturing Co . . . Benson, Egbert Berkeley School Bissell Carpet Sweeper Biber,J.M Blashfleld, E. H Blmn,R.F Bradley & Co Brookhaven Rubber Co Braudagee,B. M Brun, A., & Co Butler, Howard Russell Cactus Mining Co Capitol Manufacturing Co Castle Carpet Sweeper Caws Ink and Pen Co Century Co Cleveland Tin Mining Co Cook, H.I Cooley System Coffin, W. A College of New Jersey. Comet Mining Co Cleveland, Ohio Canaan, Conn Napa, Cal New York City Walkerville, Mont . . . Auburn, Ala New York City ... .do St. Louis, Mo Baltimore, Md New York City Woonsocket, E. I New York City Rockford, Del New York City ....do Paris BufEalo,N.Y Raritan, N J New York City Grand Rapids, Mich . Carson City, Nev New York City ....do .■ Syracuse, N.Y Setauket, R. I New York City Oakville, Cal New York City Utah Chicago, ni New York City ...do . . .do Deadwood, Dak Departmerit of Agri- culture. ...do New York City Princeton, N.J Frisco, Utah * Social Economy, Wire brushes. Magnesian limestone. Wines. Wood engravings. Silver and gold ores. Catalogues, scholars' works. Oil-painting. Belting. Wines. Refrigerators. Horse-shoe nails. Wringers. Books. Window-shades. Oil-painting. Washing-machines. Oil-painting. Cultivators. Reports, catalogues, etc. Carpet-sweepers. Ores. Oil-painting. Do. Mowers and reapers. Crude rubber and products. Oil-painting. Wines. Oil-painting. Ores. Wrenches. Carpet-sweepers. Ink. Publications. Ores. Collaborator. Dairy appliances. Oil-painting. Catalogue. Ores. 438 UNIVERSAL EXPOSITION OF 1889 AT PAKIS. List of awards — Bronze medals. Class. Jixhibitor. Address. Exhibit. 52 42 73 1 2 60 7? 78 53 17 73 1 43 36 1 6 76 1 52 73 6 62 52 70,71 76 1 72 82 76 63 70,71 44 1 19 1 87 45 19 I 76 Colt's Patent Fire Arms Manu- facturing Co. Cordley & Hayes Courtois, V Cox, Kenyon ....do Chapman Manufacturing Co Crabb.H.W Craig, W.O Curtis & Curtis Cutler & Son Dadaut, Charles, & Son Dana, W. P. W Davidson, H. S Deliac, Madame Delachaux, L. D Department of PubUc Instruc- tion, New Hampshire. Department of Education Department of Pubhc Instruc- tion, Texas. Department of Public Instruc- tion, Oregon. Demaree, G. W Hartford, Conn . Diclterson Luckasunny Mining Co. Dodge, W. L Dodge Manufacturing Co Edge Hill Wme Co Educational News Electrical Supply Co Emerson & Midgely Erie Preserving Co Falconer, W. P Farney, H. F Fawcett, Alice K . Femon, E. B Finker, G. L. Fleming Manufacturing Co Florida State Horticultm-al So- ciety. Florida Tobacco Producing Co . . Forbes, C. F Ford, Edwin Fowler, Frank Frenzel, Joseph Frederic Cranoe Chemical Co . Fremont, Henry Fyrell, A.C 1 Gaul, Gilbert. New York City . . . St. Helena, Cal.... New York City . . . ....do Meriden, Conn Oakville,Cal Sonoma, Cal Bridgeport, Conn . BufEalo,N.Y Hamilton, m. ... Paris Boston, Mass New York City . . . Paris Concord, N. H Colimibia, S. C . Austin, Tex Portland, Oregon . Department of Agri- culture. Dover, N. J Paris Mishawaka, Ind St. Helena, Cal Philadelphia, Pa Chicago, 111 Beaver Falls, Pa Buffalo, N.Y Department of Agri- culture. Cincinnati, Ohio Ormoud, Fla Washington, D. C Department of Agri- culture. Fort Wayne, Ind Florida ....do Pai-is Boston, Mass New York City Tiffany & Co., New York City. Short Hills, N.J New Orleans, La Department of Agri- culture. New Jersey Steam-engine. Indtirated fiber ware. Wines. Oil-painting. Painting. Sleigh bells and plumes. Wines. Do. Die-stocks and threading-machines. Desks. Wine and vinegar from honey. Oil-painting. Stuffed fish. Costimaes. Oil-painting. ( Reports. Do. Do. Do. Collaborator. Ores. Oil-painting. Wooden pulleys. Wines. Educational publication. Electrical appliances. Belting and hose. Canned f niits and berries. Collaborator. Oil-painting. Guava jelly. Maps of forest areas of the United States. Collaborator. Road machine. Citrous fruits. Tobaccoes. Oil-painting. Glass. Oil-painting. Collaborator. Vamish for silver and bronzes, Ghissware, engraved. Collaborator, Oil-painting, REPOKT OP COMMISSIONER-GENERAL APPENDIX N. 439 list of awards — Bronze medals. Class. 1 1 26 i) 44 70,71 60 73 1 59 41 1 41 41 1 76 73 69 59 74 36 70,71 70,71 6 1 6 54 53 1 1 34 1 41 41 73 61 12 6,7,8 45 9 59 20 70,71 Exhibitor. Gardner, Miss E.J Gifford, R. S GUes, F, S Gendron Iron Wheel Co Griffin, S. M ,& Co Griffin Canning Co Goulds Manufacturing Co Gundlach, J, & Co Gutherz, Carl Hall Type Writer Co Harney Pealc Tin Mining Co. Hart, J. M Hartman Manufacturing Co Hartshorn, Stewart Hassam, Childe Heddon, James Heinz, H. T., & Co Hooper, George F Honiss, W. H Horsey Manufacturing Co. Howard Lockwood & Co . . Howard Strop Co Howe, Leroy Hough & Ford HucMns, J. H. W., & Co Hughes, William Humbert, Henry & Co Illinois School Joimial Innes, George Intelligencer, The International Wool Improvement Co. Jackson, Theodore Johnson, Eastman Jones, H. Bolton Jordan (Gorham Manufacturing Co.) Kitson, H. H Kittell, Rudolph (Tiffany & Co.). , Klumpke, Mrs. Annie E Knapp, J. C. D Knowd, John J Krug, Chas Laird, B. F Landy, James Lehigh University Lepage Glue Co Lindsay, Robert M . . Lorenz,W. R Low, J. G. and J. F . Mallory, E. B., & Co. Mann, C. H., &Co... Address. Paris New Jersey Chicago, lU Toledo, Ohio Richmond, Va Griffin, Ga Seneca Palls, N.Y.... San Francisco, Cal . . . Paris New York City Harney Peak, Dak — New York City . . . .do East Newark, N. J . . Paris Department of Agri- culture. Pittsburgh, Pa Sonoma, Cal Bethlehem, Pa Utioa, N. Y. New York City. Charlestown, Mass . . Washington, D. C Rochester, N. Y Boston, Mass Gorham Manufactur- ing Co., New York City, New York City Bloomington, HI New York City Chicago, 111. Boston, Mass New York City . ...do ...do., ...do.. Anvers New York City . Minneapolis, Minn. Philadelphia, Pa. . . St. Helena, Cal Covington, Ky Cincinnati, Ohio Bethlehem, Pa Boston, Mass Philadelphia, Pa. Bethlehem, Pa . . Chelsea, Mass Baltimore, Md New York City . . . Exhibit. Oil- painting. Do. Anti-magnetic watch cases. Children's carriages. Tobaeooes. Canned tomatoes. Pumps. Wines. Oil-painting. Type-writer. Ore. Oil-painting. Wire goods. Shade rollers. Oil-painting, Collaborator. Preserves. Olive oil. Collaborator. Felt tooth polishers. Books. Razor strops. Horse-stall mats. Shoes. Canned soups. Collaborator. Meat extracts. Publications. Oil-painting, ' Periodical. Flush and flume systems. Diamond stone-cutting saw. Oil-painting. Do. Collaborator. Sculpture. Collaborator. Oil-painting. Medicinal vaporizers. Horse-shoes. Wines and brandies. Car-coupler. Photographs. Publications, ^reports, and cata- logues, Glue. Books. Collaborator. Art tile-work. Canned fruits and vegetables. Perfumery, 440 UNIVERSAL EXPOSITION OF 1889 AT PAEIS. List of a\rards — Bronze medals. 18 17 60 70 52 37 73 9 44 45 61 17 87 41 6 1 1 76 70,71 76 76 61 65 44 6 9 19 1 41 70,71 1 50 58 sr/ U 61 6 7 6 7 9 41 6 73 68 9 S.E.* Exhibitor. Marx, Ernest Marks Adjustable Folding Chair Co. Martin & Martin Martin, Wagner & Co Mason, Volney, W., & Co Mason, John (Tiffany & Co) Matthews, J McClurg, A.G., & Co McDonald, A MoLeish & Co Merchants' Despatch Transpor- tation Co. Merklin Brothers Michigan Radiator Manufactur- ing Co. Miller Lock Co Minnesota School for Deaf -Mutes. Minor, R. C Moore, H.H Murphy Myer, Thomas J., & Co. Newcomb, E. R Newman & Sons New York Commercial Co. Norton Nye, William Ohio Educational Monthly. Orange Judd Co Paciflo Art Glass Works Patrick, J. D Peck, A. G.,&Co Perry, F. H Peters, Clinton Phillips, C. C Pickering Governor Co Pike, W.H Pomeroy Truss Co Porter, H. K., & Co Public schools ..do ..do ..do ..do ..do Publishers' Weekly Piiget Sound Iron Co Putnam, S. G Purity Wine Co Queen City Chemical Co . . Rand, McNally & Co ...do Address. Plainfleld, N. J . . . .do ...do Baltimore, Md Providence, R. I New York City Napa, Cal Chicago, 111 Department Agricult- ure. Buffalo, N. Y New York City ...do Detroit, Mich . Philadelphia, Pa Faribault, Minn New York City Paris Department Agricult- ure. Baltimore, Md Pleasant Vj,lley, N. Y. Department Agricult- ure. New York City Boston, Mass New Bedford, Mass . . Akron, Ohio New York City San Francisco, Cal Pai-is Cohoes, N. Y Providence, R. I Paris Philadelphia, Pa Portland, Conn New York City ...do Pittsbju-gh, Pa Coldwater, Mich . . do Oskaloosa, Iowa Omaha, Neb Rimmersbm-gh, Pa . . . MoUne, 111 New York City Oregon New York City San Fi-ancisoo, Cal . . . Buffalo, N. Y Chicago, 111 ...do Exhibit. Instantaneous photographs. Folding chairs. Harness. Canned fruits and vegetables. Hoisting ma^^hinety. Collaborator. Wines. Books. Collaborator. Gelatine. Refrigerator car. Fimiiture. Radiators. Locks. Reports and methods. Oil-painting. Do. Collaborator. Canned fruits and vegetables. Bee-keeping appliances. Collaborator. Railroad supplies, etc. Yacht Neversink. Animal oils. Publications. Books. Stained glass. Oil-painting. Axes and edge tools. Canned vegetables. Oil-painting. Portable grinding burr mills. Spring governor for steam-engines. Tea-pots, gas-burners, etc. Spinal apparatus. Locomotive. Reports!, methods, etc. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Publications. Ores. Engravings. Wines. Baking-powder. Maps and atlases. Railway publications. * Social Economy. EEPOKT OF COMMISSIONER-GENERAL APPENDIX N. 441 List of awards— Bronze medals. Class. 76 45 73 73 5S 57 70,71 18 60 Zi 41 58 1 58 41 50 67 13 48 45 38 41 1 8 44 67 44 1 1 44 12 6 26 1 73 1 10 52 73 9 76 Exhibitor. Efiid, J.VanD.. Richards, W. T . Rixford.G.P... Root, A. I Address. Rottenstem, Dr. J. B Russia Cement Co Russon, A Ryckman, G. F Scheiren, Charles A Schwal, Ernest Sears & Nichols Seavey, Lafayette W Seoco, Henry Se vambiy , Godfrey (Tiffany & Co. ) Shepard, Sydney & Co Silver & Deming Simmons, E. E Slater, Frank Smith, John E.,& Sons ...do Smith, W. A. (A. J. Fay & Co.). , Society of Amatem- Photog- raphers. Solar Carbon Manufacturing Co. Speny, Elmer A Sphincter Grip Hose Co. Standard Target Co Stanley Rule and Level Co Story.J.R St. John's College Straiton & Storm Street, A. S, & Co Stubbs, Prof. W. C Thayer, A. H Thompson, Wordsworth Thornton, Noble & Davis Thors The Teacher Tiffany & Co Truesdell, E. S Turk, T. de Ulrich, C. F Underwood, John & Co United States Metallic Packing Co. University of California New York City . . . .do San Francisco, Cal Department Agricult- ure. Palis Gloucester, Mass Profat,Va Brockton, N. T New York City Chicago, Dl Chillicothe, Ohio New York New York City New York City Buffalo, N.Y Salem, Ohio London, Eng Fitchburg, Mass Buffalo, N. Y ...do Cincinnati, Ohio. New York City University PubUshing Co. Tan Dusen, J. H Van Norman Institute. Vasey, George Vassar College Vizet,V Vonnoh, Robert H. Pittsburgh, Pa Chicago, 111 New York City Cleveland, Ohio New Britain, Conn. . . Paris Annapolis, Md New York City New Haven, Conn. . . Baton Rouge, La — Boston Baltimore, Md Richmond, Ta San Francisco, Cal . . . New York City ...do Eoouen, France Santa Rosa, Cal Venice New York City Philadelphia, Pa Berkeley County, Cal. New York City Department Agricult- ure. New York City Department Agricult- ure. Poughkeepsie, N, Y . . New Rochelle, N. Y. . . Paris Exhibit. Belting and hose. Oil-painting. OUve oil. Collaborator. Tooth-powder. Fish-glue. Wines. Do. Leather belting. Wood-workiDg machinery. Canned com and peaches. Photographs. Carriage jacks. Collaborator. Household novelties. Pumping machinery. Oil-painting. Pantograph. Meat-choppers. Feed-cutters. Collaborator. Photographs. Carbons. Electric-light plant. Hose. Target traps. Carpeuters' tools. Oil-painting. Course of study and catalogue. Cigars. Cereal products. Cotton in seed. Oil-painting. Do. Tobaccos. Photographs. Periodical. Hall clocks. Oil-painting. Wines and brandies. Oil-painting. Inks and mucilage. Packing, oil cups, etc. Wines. Books. Collaborator. Reports, catalogues. Collaborator. Course of study, catalogues, etc. Washing-machines, Oil-painting. 442 UNIVERSAL EXPOSITION OE 1889 AT PAEIS. List of awards— Bronze medals. Class. 46 72 72 70,71 S.E.* Exhibitor. Walker, Horatio Waterman, L. E., & Co Wier, I. A Wemple, J.C, &Co Wiggin's Sons, H. B Wilbm-, H. O., & Son Wiley, H. W Winterport Packing Co Yale and Towne Manufacturing Co. Address. New York City. . . . . . do ...do ....do ...do Philadelphia, Fa . . Washington, D. C. WinterpoEt, Me . . . Stamford, Conn . . Exhibit. Do. Pens. Painting. Window-shades. Window-shade fabrics. Confectionery. Sorghum sugar industry. Canned sweet-corn. Post-ofBce system. HONORABLE MENTION. 38 29 9 12 78 7 12 61 41 1 9 41 1 1 8 70,71 42 44 8- 1 10 41 B8 72 35 B7 Adams, S. H Adams & Sons Adirondack Pulp Co. Allen, Frederic S American Bookmaker American Braided Wire Co American Numismatic and Arch- aeological Society. Armour & Co Armstrong & Knauer Baf^noli, Luidi Bailey, Farrel & Co Bailey, C.J.,&Co Bardeen, C. M., & Co Beal, J.H Ben Lomond Wine Co Betz, Carl Bloch, Benoit Boyden Power Brake Co Braiuerd Quarry Co Breok, John L Brentano, A Brewington, Bainbridge & Co Bristol, J. B Brown, J. G Brown University Brown, Arthur Brooks, Henry Bruce, William Buffalo Historical Society Butler, G.B Case, Lockwood & Brainerd Co . Castle, W. H Campbell Printing Press Canning Company , Chanut, J. M Chapman, Lewis M Chicago Library Paris Brooklyn, N.T Troy, N.Y Cuttyhunk Island, New York City . . Philadelphia, Pa. New York City . . Chicago, HI New York City . California Pittsburgh, Pa. . Boston, Mass Syracuse, N.Y... New York Santa Cruz, Cal , aty Brookljm, N. Y . . . . Baltimore, Md Portland, Conn Paris New York City Baltimore, Md New York City ....do Providence, E. I . . . Bagdad, Fla Boston, Mass Quincy, Fla.' Buffalo, N. T New York City Hai-ttord, Conn Geneva, Ohio New York City . . . . St. Augustine, Fla . New York City ...do Chicago, 111 * Social Economy. Plaster bust. Chewing-g\un. Talc. Lifeboat. Publications. Mattresses, pillows, eto. Proceedings and catalogues. Glue, bone-meal. Directories. Ohve oil. Automatic cartridge-loaders. Brushes. Books. Photographic views. Wines. Gymnastic text-books and appa- ratus. Photography. Csa' brakes, Brownstone. Oil-painting. Books. Household hardware.] Oil-painting. Do. Eeports, text-books, ete. Pecan nuts. Photographs of forest trees. Tobaccos. Proceedings, etc. Oil-painting. Specimeiis of bookbinding. Animal trap, ete. Printing machines. Canned fruit. Gloves. Glass spinning and engraving. Reports and catalogues. EEPOET OF C0MMISS101S:EK-GENEEAL APPENDIX N. 4i3 List Of awards— Honorable mention. Class. 52 70,71 45 72 41 12 44 1 8 S 1 1 8 16 31 27 72 28 1 2 7 7 56 73 50 78 18 73 Exhibitor. Chicago Raw Hide Manufactur- ing Co. daggett, F Collins, S., &Son Conway Springs Co Copper Basin Mining Co. Cox.G.C Crawford, E.M Curtis, Ralph Dartmouth College Davidson, H De Haas, M. F. H Denham, H De Pauw University Department of Agriculture. ....do Dopp, H. W., & Son Douglas Sugar Co Doussan French Perfumery Co. . Don, Arthur W Drake, W. H Dumraer Academiy East Florida Seminary Eaton, J. H Edge HiU Wine Co Enterprise Manufacturing Co . . . Erie Canning Co Evanhoe, F. N Ewer & Atkinson Fairweather & Ladon Fisher, Clark Fisohel, Adler & Schwartz Florida Collective Exhibit Florida Wme Co Foote.A.E ....do Fradley.J. F.,&Co Frank,F.A ...do ...do French School, House of Refuge Fremery, Felix Gallison and Hobron Co GastWineCo Greatorex, Miss Kathleen Gross, P. A Grossman, H Hamlln,A.C Harris, Nathaniel P Harvard Annex . .> Harwood Manufacturing Co Hartrick, Edwd Hayden.C.H Address. Chicago, 111 . Upper Marlborough, Md. New York City Conway Springs.Kans. Prescott, Ariz New York City Department of Agri- culture. Paris Hanover, N. H New York City ...do ...do Greencastle, Ind Washington, D. C ....do Buffalo, N.Y Douglas, Kan New Orleans, La New York City ....do South Byfleld, Mass Gainesville, Fla Monroe, Wis St. Helena, Cal Columbiana, Ohio . . , Buffalo, N. Y New York Rutherford, Cal New York City Trenton, Utah New York City Sanf ord, Fla Clay Springs, Fla Philadelphia, Pa ....do New York City ....do ....do ....do Hudson, N. Y Yorktown, Tex New York City St. Louis, Mo Paris ...do Napa, Cal Bangor, Me Philadelphia, Pa Cambridge, Mass Boston San Francisco, Cal. . . Paris Exhibit. Belting. Canned vegetables. Printing inks. ' Sorghum sugar. Ores. Photography. Tobaccos. Oil-painting College periodicals and catalogue. Engravings. Oil-painting. Do. Catalogues. Mammals and birds of economic im- portance. Flax fiber. Steam-jacketed Kettles. Sorghum sugar and sirups. Perfimiery. Oil-painting. Painting. Pamphlets and catalogues. Free-hand drawing. Plaiting machine. Wine. Feed cutters. Canned fruit and vegetables. Design in silk. Wines. Hemlock bark. Rail-joint. Etchings and advertisements. Tobacco. Wines. Geological reports. Geological map and reports. Gold heads for canes. Cook stoves. Hardware Machine for pomades, extracts, etc. Scholars' work, etc. Jute and ramie. Books. Wines. Painting. Oil-painting. Wines. Minerals. Furniture designs. Publications and catalogues. School chairs. Perfumes Oil-paiiiting. 444 UNIVEKSAL EXPOSITION OF 1889 AT PARIS. List of awards— Honorable mention. Class. 1 3 37 53 70,71 40 10 61 6 41 44 41 45 20 37 8 70,71 70,71 9 1 5 73 18 8 41 38 10 12 45 72 41 67 41 62 1 41 61 58 9' Exhibitor. Heath, D.C.,& Co Henry,E. L Held, Chas Horton, Angell & Co Horton & Sons Co Hooper, Geo. F Howard, A. H Hydrographic Office Inloes, W. H Institute of Our Iiady of the Sa- cred Heart. International Specialty Co Jackson, A. C Jewett, J. C, Manufacturing Co . Johnston, Henry M Kahemi,A.,&Co Kent & Stanley Kentucky University Kennon, Gray & Co Kimball, Frank A Knox, Thomas W Koehler, Robt Kruell,G Krugg, Chas Knitted Mattress Co Lafayette College Lawrence, R.,& Co Leesburgh Manufacturing Co Little, A. P Lloyd,J.H Lugam, C Lutted, James Magnolia Anti-Friction Meted Co. Mansfield, Miss J. E Maris Machine Co Medburg Meza, Wilson de Meigs, Gen. M. C Michigan Railway Supply Co Miller, Edward L Mitchell, J. J., & Co Mount Holyoke Seminary Munson Lightning Conductor MoEntee, Jervis Nassau Manufacturing Co National Cash Register Co Neal.T.D Newcomb,E.R New England Brown Stone Co . . . New Haven Historical Society New York Car Wheel Works New York Mercantile Library Association. Niohol,J.C Noblin and Hudson Boston, Mass New York City Paris Attleborough, Mass. . Windsor Locks, Conn Sonoma, Cal Boston, Mass Washington, D. C Asheville, N. C Washington, D. C . . - BulTalo, N. Y Sanford,Fla Buffalo, N. Y Brooklyn, N.Y St. Louis, Mo Providence, R. I . . . . Lexington,Ky Sublet Farm, Pa National City, Cal . . . New York City Munich New York City St. Helena, Cal Canton, Mass Easton, Pa Buffalo, NT Leesburgh, Fla New York City . Troy, N. Y New Orleans, La Buffalo, N. Y New York City Washington, D. C Philadelphia, Pa New York City Washington, D. C Railway News Co Philadelphia, Pa New York City South Hadley, Mass . Indianapolis, Ind New York City ...do ...do Richmond, Va Pleasant Valley, N.Y. Cromwell, Conn New Haven, Conn Buffalo.N.Y New Y'ork City Exhibit. Books. Oil-painting, Engraving on metals. Jewelry. Lathe chucks. Pickled walnuts and olives. Gymnastic appliances. Charts. Railway turn-table lock. Students' work. Twine holder. Hay and grasses. Refrigerators. Distemper paints. Clocks. Watch chains. Reports and catalogues. Canned vegetables. Citrus fruits. Books. Oil-painting. Engraving. Wines, Mattresses. Reports, catalogues, etc. Bouquet holders. Perfumes. Type-writer ribbons. Photographs. Optical instruments, etc., glasses. Candies. Metals. Samples popped com. Portable hoists. Indurated fiber tubes. Oil-painting. Military consumption of fuel. Collaborator. Paper and card cutting machine. Books. Reports, catalogues, and scholars' work. Lightning conductors. Oil-painting. Mucilage bottle and tip. Check and adding machine. Tobacco. Honey. Brownstone. Reports, etc. Car wheels. Catalogue. ■do Oil-painting. South Boston, Va I Tobaccos. REPORT OF COMMISSIONER-GENERAL APPENDIX N. 445 List of awards- Honorable mention. Exhibitor. Norman Williams Public Li- brary. Nouveau ClosVougeot Vineyard. . Noyes.J. P Nutrizio, Henry Omaha Public Library Oregon School for Deaf Mutes . . . Orestott, Henry Osgood, N. R Parton, Arthur Parker, M.E Pearson, Alex. M Pennell,Jos Philadelphia Novelty Co ....do ....do Piano Manufacturing Co Plant System Plumb, Henry G Poest, Wm. (Tiffany & Co.) Poor, H. V, & H. W Public Schools of Fort Worth . . . . PubUc Schools of Lewiston, Me. . . Railway News Co Rand, McNally & Co Reid,Adam Reid,A.H Rider, S. A., & Co Rixford,G.P Rogers Stamp Co ...do Ross, Mary E Ruggles, Miss, T. A Ryder, J. P Salmoii,D.E School for Yoimg Ladies Schramm, H. G Schram, Jacob Shirlan, Walter Shaler & Hall Quarry Co Shepard, Sydney, & Co Shefaeld,Dr. L.T Shelbome, Silas Silver and Deming Manufacturing Co. Smith & Pattiaon Standard Target Co Straker, Wm (Gorham Manufact- uring Co.) St. Louis PubUc Library St. Stephen's College Stokes, Frederic H Swift & Co Taintor Bros. & Co Theriat, Chas Thornton & Motley (Railway News Co.). Address. Woodstock, Vt. St. Helena, Cal Binghamton, N. Y. . New York City Omaha, Neb Salem, Oregon Placer City, Cal.... Battle Creek, Mich. New York City . . . Boston, Mass Vineland, N. J London, England. Philadelphia, Pa . . . ....do do Chicago, HI Florida New York City ....do ....do Fort Worth, Tex... Lewiston, Me New York City Chicago, 111 Buflalo,N.Y. ....... Philadelphia, Pa . . . St. Louis, Mo San Francisco, Cal. Providence, R. I ...do New York City An vers, Seine et Oise . . Cleveland, Ohio Washington, D. C. . New Orleans, La. . . Camden, N.J St. Helena, Cal New York City Portland, Conn Buflalo,N.Y New York City Richmond, Va Salem, Ohio Chicago, 111 Cleveland, Ohio New York City . . St. Louis, Mo Annandale, N. Y . New York City . . . Chicago, 111 New York City.. . . Paris New York City . . . Exhibit. Catalogue. Wines. Buttons. Coffee-pots. Catalogues. Reports and scholars' work. Raisins. Portable canvas boat. Oil-painting. Fish-scale jewelry. Wine. Painting. Articles for writing tables. Gas burners and fixtures. Specialties in cutlery. Binders and mowers. Preserved fruits. Oil-painting. Collaborator. Books. Reports, text-books, etc. Do. Railroad appliances and models. Books. Portable oven. Lightning braces. Jewelry. Kuts and berries. Stamp with clock movement. Automatic dating-stamp. Excelsior sauces Bronze and plaster studies. Photographs. Models of creamery, silo, etc. Catalogues and scholars' works. Pipes. Wines. Oil-painting. Brownstone. Household novelties. Dentifrice. Tobacco. Carriage-making machinery. Burnishing enameler. Targets. Collaborator. Catalogues. Reports and catalogues. Books. Lard. Books. Oil-painting. Collaborator. 446 UNIVERSAL EXPOSITION OE 1889 AT PARIS. List of awards — Honorable mention. Class. Exhibitor. Tiffany Clieraical Co Tillinghast Supply Co Torrey, J. R., & Co Tower & Lyon Trenton Watch Co Turner, Chas. Y Uibel & Barber Upton, Geo Vedder, Elihu Vizet, V Ward, Everett Warner, Olin L Warren, Andrew Waterbury Watch Co Weeks & Campbell Wellesley College Wharton, Joseph Whiteman, S. E Whiton Machine Co Wiles, Irving R Wilkinson, Walter (Qorham Man- utactm'iLg Co.). Wilson, James Godfrey Wilson & Roake Wingate, Julia F Winston, Frank Wobum Public Library Wolf, Henry Wood, G. B Worthington, Whittredge Wynant, A.H Tbor, Martinez & Co Address. New York City Providence, R. I . . Worcester, Mass New York City ...do ...do . . do Boston, Mass Rome New Rochester, N. Y New York City ...do St. Louis, Mo Waterbury, Conn New York City Wellesley, Mass Camden, N. C St. Leger, Seine et Oise New London, Conn New York City ...do ...do ...do ...do Tennessee Wobum, Mass . . New York City . . Philadelphia Pa. New York City . . ...do Ybor City, Fla. . . Exhibit. Tan-bark and tan extracts. Sewing-machine. Razor-strops. Patent vises. Watches. Oil-painting. Alligator teeth and sea-bean jeweliy. Sand-paper. Oil-painting. Gas bracket. Soaps. Sculpture. Railroad jacks. Watches. Leather and celluloid specialties. Reports, catalogues, etc. Metallic alloys. Oil-painting. Lathe-chucks, machines, etc. Painting. Collaborator. Boiling blinds and shutters. Steam-trap and skimmer. System of dress-measuring. Tobacco. Catalogue. Engravings. Photographs. Oil-painting. Do. Cigars. RECAPITULATION OF AWARDS TO UNITED STATES EXHIBITORS AND COLLABORATORS. Group or section. Group I Group II Group III Group rv Group V Group VI Group VII Group VIII Field trials. Group VIII Group IX Competitive exhibition, Class 82 Competitive exhibition, reproductive animals Social economy section Collaborators Total . Grand prizes. 55 Gold medals. 214 SUver medals. 22 300 Bronze medals. Honorable mention. 229 Total awards. 109 265 71 42 141 151 124 38 8 1 8 +5 21 1,044 ♦ These grand prizes are works of art. t These medals were accompanied by 8463,20 cash. APPENDIX O. DECORATIONS BESTOWED ON ACCOUNT OF THE UNITED STATES AT THE PARIS EXPOSITION, 1889. LEGION OF HONOR. General W. B. Franklin Grand Officer Thomas A. Edison Commander Somerville Pinkney Tuck Officer A. Bailly-Blanchard Officer General Eush C. Hawkins ■ Officer General Francis A.Walker Officer Elihu Thomson Officer William 0. Gunnell Chevalier Capt. D. A. Lyle, XJ. S. Army Chevalier Capt. Henry C. Cochrane, U. S. Marine Corps Chevalier David Urquhart, jr .Chevalier Charles B. Richards Chevalier C. V. Riley Chevalier B. Abdank-Abakanowicz Chevalier Lieut. Aaron Ward, U. S. Navy Chevalier David Cahn Chevalier Max Hellman Chevalier A. L. Rotch Chevalier W. T. Dannat Chevalier John Lafarge Chevalier Nathaniel Wheeler Chevalier William Sellers Chevaher Leroy W. Fairchild Chevalier W. H. Doane Chevaher Edward C. Moore Chevalier Warren M. Healey Chevalier John S. Sargent Chevalier Alexander Harrison Chevaher Ridgway Knight Chevalier OFFICERS OF PUBLIC JNSTRUCTION. Lieut. B. H. Buckingham, U. S. Navy. S. N. Gotendorf . Arthur J. Stace. William T. Harris. Spencer B. Newberry. Alexander Harrison. W. H. Chandler. Charles S. Hastings. C. Welhnan Parks. Charles S. Tainter, Robert H. Thurston. Carl Hering. 447 448 UNIVERSAL EXPOSITION OF 1889 AT PAKI8, OFFICERS OF THE ACADEMY. George J. Lucky. Frank van der Stucken. James McAllister. Cleveland Abbe. George F. Kunz. William F. Gardner. AGRICULTURAL MERIT. A. Howard Clark Officer David King Chevalier F. T. Bickford Chevalier James Cheeseman Chevalier C. Richards Dodge Chevalier APPENDIX P. XJNIVEKSAL INTERNATIONAL EXPOSITION OF 18891 LIST OF INTERNATIONAL CONGRESSES. Names of Congresses. Labor Accident. Ballooning Agriculture Alcoholism (for the study of questions relating thereto). Anthropology (criminals) Prehistoric Anthropology and Archse- ology. Architects EeUef in time of War (works, Red Cross). Public Charity Blind (amelioration of their condition) . Bibliography of the Mathematical Sci- ences. Bakeries Chemistry Watchmaking Carrier Pigeons Colonial (colonial questions) Dentistry Skin and Syphilitic Diseases Commerce and Industry Electricians Primary -Instruction Higher Instruction Technical, Commercial, and Industrial Instruction. Ethnography (The Science) Athletic Exercises in Education Women^s Work and Institution Geography (The Sciences) , . . Cheap Dwellings Date and length of session. Sept. 9 to Sept. 14 July 31 to Aug. 3 July 3 to July 11 July 39 to July 31 Aug. 10 to Aug. 17 Aug. 19 to Aug. 36 JunelT to June33 July 38 to Aug. Aug. 6 to Aug. July 16 to July 35 June 38 to July 26 July 39 to Aug. 3 Sept. 7 to Sept. 14 July 81 to Aug. 8 Hom(Bopathy Horticulture Hydrology and Climatology. Hygiene of Demography Intervention of the State in Contracts of Labor. Sept. 23 Sept. 1 Aug. 5 Sept. 22 Aug. 34 Aug. 11 Aug. 5 July 8 to Sept. 28 to Sept. 7 to Aug. 10 to Sept. 28 to Aug. 31 to Aug. 19 to Aug. 10 to July 13 June 15 July 13 to July 18 Aug. 6 to Aug. 13 June 26 to June 38 Aug. 21 to Aug. 23 Aug. 19 to Aug. 21 Oct. 8 to Oct. 10 Aug. 4 to Aug. 11 July 1 to July 4 Names and addresses of the presidents of committees of organization. Mr, Lander, rue du Luxembourg, 38. Mr. Janssen, Observatory, Meudon, Seine- et-OisB. Mr. M61ine, Palais-Bourbon. Mr. Bergeron, boulevard Haussman,157. Mr. Brouardel, filcole de Mfidecine. Mr. De Quafref^iges, rue GepfiEroy St. Hi- laire,36, Mr. Bailly , boulevajrd Bpnne-nouvelle, 19. Dr. Th. Eoussel, me des Mathurlns, 64. Mr. Martin, boulevard des Invalides, 56. Mr. Poincarg, rue Claude-Bernard, 03. Mr. Comet, rue Eocheohouart, 34. Mr. De Jonquieres, a;venue Bugeaud, 2. Mf . Janssen, Observatory Meudon, Seine- et-Oise. Mr.Baxbey, rue (Je ^^gaj-d,23. Dr. David, boulevard St. Germain, 180. Dr. Hardy, boulevard Malsherbes, 5. Mr. Poirrierjrue Lafayette, 105, Mr. Mascart, rue de rUniversit,§, 176. Mr. Grgard, a la Sorbonne. Do. Do. Mr. expert, me de Sf ax, 3. Mr. Jules Simon, place de la M3,deleine, 10., H. Ex. 410- -29 Mr. De Bizemont, boulevard St. Germain. Mr. Siegfried, rond-Boint des Champs Ely- s6es, 6. Dr.LSon Simon,me de la Tour des Dames,5. Mr. Hardy, rue du Potager 4, & Versailles. Mr. Eenou, Observatory, Pare St. Maur (Seine). Mr. Brouardel. ficole de M6decine. Mr. Donnat, rue Chardin, 11. 449 450 UNIVERSAL EXPOSITION OF 1889 AT PARIS. List of International Congresses. Names o£ Congresses. Intervention of the State in Immigra- tion and Emigration. Intervention of tlie State in Price of Provisions. Applied Mechanics Hedical Jurisprudence Insanity Veterinary Surgeons Meteorology Mines and Metallurgy Money Officers and Non- Commissioned OfB- cers of the Fire Brigade. Otology and Larynxology Peace Date and length of session. July 5 to July 10 Share of Profits . Photography Celestial Photography Provident Institutions Processes of Construction Artistic Property Eeal Estate (for the study of its trans- fer). Property in Patents Popular Traditions Protection of Works of Art and Monu- ments. Physiological Psychology Weekly Rest Life-Saving Stock Companies Food Co-operative Associations Society of Authors Statistics Stenography Therapeutics Maritime Works Unification of Time Utilization of Water-Courses. Zoology Grain and Flour* Workmen's Clubs Sept. 16 to Aug. 19 to Aug. 5 to Sept. 19 to Sept. 19 to Sept. 2 to Sept. 11 to Aug. 87 to Sept. 21 Aug. 34 Aug. 10 Sept. 24 Sept. 25 Sept. 11 Sept. 14 Aug. 28 Sept. 16 to Sept. 21 June 23 to June 30 July 16 to July 29 Aug. 6 to Aug. 17 July 15 to July 20 Sept. 9 to Sept. 14 July 25 to July 31 Aug. 8 to Aug. 14 Aug. 3 to Aug. 14 July 29 to Aug. 1 Jime 84 to June 29 Aug. 5 to Aug. 10 Names and addresses of the presidents of committees of organization. June 12 to June 15 Aug. 18 to Aug. 19 Sept. 8 to Sept. 12 June 17 to June 27 Aug. 4 to Aug. 11 Aug. 1 to Aug. 5 Oct. July 22 to July 27 Aug. 5 to Aug. 10 Aug. 80 to Aug. aa July 11 to July 18 Mr. Isaac, rue Ste. Beuve, 7. Mr. FridSric Passy, rue LabordSre, 8, & Neuilly, Mr. Philips, rue de Marignon, 17. Dr. Brouardel, ficole de Mgdecine. Dr. Falret, rue du Bac, 114. Mr. Chauveau, rue Jules-Janin, 10. Mr. Eenou, Observatory, St. Maur (Seine). Mr. Castel, boulevard Baspail, 144. Mr. Magnin, k la Banque. Mr. Wolff, avenue Bosquet, 18. Dr. Duplay, rue de PenthiSvre, 2. Mr. Fr6d6ric Passy, rue Laborddre, 8, Neu- illy. Mr. Charles Eobert,rue de la Banque, 15. Mr. Janssen, Observatoire de Meudon, Seine-et-Oise. Mr. Eiffel, rue Prony, 60. Mr. Meissonier, boulevard Malsherbes, 131. Mr. Duverger, k I'ficole de Droit. Mr. Teisserenc de Bort, ave. Marceau, 88. Mr. Plotx, Quai Malaquai. Mr. Chas. Gamier, boulevard St. Germain, 61 Dr. Charcot, boulevard St. Germain, 117. Mr. LSon Say, rue Fresnel, 21. Mr.Lisbonne,rue St. Vincent de Paul, 3. Mr. Larombifire.rue d'Assas, 16. Mr. Clavel, rue de Bourgoyne, 8. Mr. Jules Simon, place de la Madeleine, 10. Mr. Levasseur, rue Monsieur le Prince, 26. Mr. Grosselin, au Palais-Bourbon. Dr. Moutard-Martin, boulevard Hauss- man, 186. Mr. Emile Bernard, ave. du Ti-ocadfiro, 48. Mr. Faye.ave.des Champs-filys6es,95. Mr. Guillemain, rue Bellechasse, 55. Mr. Milne-Edwards, nie Cuvier, 57. Mr. Siegfried, rond-point des Champs-fily- s^es, 6. ♦ This Congress was not in the original list, but added afterward. APPENDIX Q, AMERICAN DELEGATES TO THE INTERNATIONAL CON- GRESSES APPOINTED BY THE COMMISSIONER-GENERAL. Prof. Thomas Wilson, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D. C. : Hygiene and Demography, Criminal Anthropology, Prehistoric Anthropology and Archeology. C. T. Mason : Prehistoric Anthropology and Archseology. Dr. Thomas W. Evans, Paris : Public Assistance in Time of War. Prof. S. B. Newberry, Cornell University, Ithaca, N. Y. . Chemistry, Photog- raphy. Dr. W. H. Chandler, Lehigh University, South Bethlehem, Pa. : Chemistry, Tech- nical Instruction. W. A. Donaldson, Boston, Mass. : Primary Instruction. Prof. C. Wellman Parks, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, N. Y. : Popular Traditions, Primary Instruction, Secondary and Higher Education, Applied Me- chanics. . Prof. H. W. Howe, Boston, Mass.: Technical Instruction, Mines and MetaUurg>. Prof. A. Howard Clark, Boston, Mass. : Geographical Science. Prof. C. V. Riley, Department of Agriculture, Washington, D. C: Zoology, Horticulture, Physiological Psycliology. Prof. David King, Newport, R. I. : Horticulture. A, L. Rotoh, Readville, Mass. : Hydrology and Climatology, Meteorology. Dr. John H. Rauch, Chicago, 111. -. Intervention of Law in Contracts of Labor. Anthony PoUock, Washington, D. C. : Industrial Property. Capt. D. A. Lyle, U. S. Army, Ordnance Department : Life-Saving Service. A. Gr, Wilkinson, Washington, D. C. : Industrial Property. In addition to the above appointments the United States Commissioner-General and the Assistant Commissioner-General were members by invitation of the pres- idents of the following international congresses, respectively : The United States Commissioner-General : Commerce and Industry. Cheap Dwellings. Life Saving. Public Assistance. Savings Banks. Emigration and Immigration.' The Assistant Commissioner-General : Protection to Artistic Property. Savings Institutions. Profit Sharing. Commerce and Industry. Peace. 451 APPENDIX R. DONATIONS OF EXHIBITS BY UNITED STATES EXHIBITORS. PARIS EXPOSITION, 1889. The following exhibits were given to the Societe de Geographie, Paris: Prof. Henry S. Osbom, Oxford, Ohio. Frederick Cope Whitehouse, New York City. Chief Engineer, U. S. Army. The following exhibits were given to M. EmUe Turquem, Paris: College of Physicians, Philadelphia, Pa. Eclectic Medical College of Cincinnati, Ohio. Homeopathic Medical College, Chicago, 111. Indiana State Medical Society. Indianapolis, Ind. Medical Society of Kings County, Brooklyn, N. Y. New York Academy of Medicine, New York City. The following exhibits and parts were given to the Musee Pedagogique, Paris; Brooklyn Library Association. Hyatt School Slate Company, Limited, Bethlehem, Pa. Indian Industrial School, Carlisle, Pa. J. B. Lippincott & Co. , Philadelphia, Pa. Kansas State Agricultural College, Manhattan, Kan. Maryland State Normal School, Baltimore, Md. New England Publishing Company, Boston, Mass. Philadelphia Manual Training School, Philadelphia, Pa. Public Schools of Moline, 111. Public Schools of Galveston, Tex. Sockanosset School for Boys, Howard, R. I. St. Stanislaus Commercial College, Bay St. Louis, Miss. United States Naval Academy, Annapolis, Md. Washington and Lee University, Lexington, Va. The following exhibits and pu-ts were given to the Musee Pedagogique, Berne, Switzerland: Public Schools of Buffalo, N. Y. Public Schools of Oskaloosa, Iowa. Public Schools of Pittsburgh, Pa. St. Louis Manual Training School, St. Louis, Mo. Sockanosset School for Boys, Howard, R. I. The following exhibits and pai-ts were given to the Pedagogic Museum, Albany, N Y. . Alabama Polytechnic Institute. Auburn, Ala. Public Schools of Buffalo. N. Y. Public Schools o{ Elizabeth, N. J. Public Schools of Fort Worth, Tex. Public Schools of Galveston, Tex. Public Schools of Pittsburgh, Pa. REPORT OF COMMISSIONEE-GEKEKAL APPENDIX E. 453 Exhibits and parts given to the Pedagogic Museum, Albany, N. Y. — Continued. Public Schools of Sandusky, Ohio. Rowland Hall School, Salt Lake City, Utah. St. Louis Manual Training School, St. Louis, Mo. St. Stanislaus Commercial College, Bay St. Louis, Miss. School Department, HouSe of Refuge, Randall's Island, New Yolrk. State Department of Public Instruction, Austin, Tex. The following exhibits were given to the National College of Medicine, Paris: Massachusotts College of Pharmacy, Boston, Mass. Philadelphia College of Pharmacy, Philadelphia, Pa. The following exhibits were given to the Conservatoire des Arts et Metiers, Paris. Benjamin J. Dashiel, jr., Baltimore, Md. Herman Hollerith, Washington, D. C. The following exhibits were given to the Commercial and Industrial Museum of France, Paris: School desks from Boston School Exhibit. Seats and chairs from Harwood & Co., Boston, Mass. Slates and crayons from D. C. Pratt & Co., New York. The following exhibits were given to the Association of National History, Paris: New Haven Historical Society, New Haven, Conn. Southern Historical Society, Richmond, Va. Virginia Historical Society, Richmond, Va. The exhibit of the American Antiquarian Society of Worcester, Mass. , was given to the American Society of France. That of James Hall, LL.D., was given to the Sooiete d'Histoire Naturelle. That of J. H. Ryder to C. H. Gravier, lecturer Ln the College of France. That of the University of California to the Paris Observatory. That of the Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute to I'Ecole Central©, Paris. That of the State Public Schools of Michigan, Coldwater, Mich., to the Sooiete Generals des Prisons, Paris. That of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology to the Imperial and Royal Polytechnic School of Austria, Lemberg, Austria. The following exhibits and parts were given to the National Library, Paris: American Baptist Missionary Union, Boston, Mass. American Institute of Electrical Engineers, New York. American Museum of Natural History, New York. Board of Education of Wisconsin, Madison, Wis. Baltimore Public Schools, Baltimore, Md, Bangor Library, Bangor, Me. Bureau of Education, Washington, D. C. Chicago Public Library, Chicago, 111. Colorado Institution for the Deaf and Blind, Colorado Springs, Col. Dayton Public Library, Dayton, Ohio. Department of Public Instruction of Iowa, Des Moines, Iowa. Department of Public Instruction of Arkansas, Little Rock, Ark. Department of Public Instruction of California, Sacramento, Cal. Dartmouth College, Hanover, N. H. ' General Society of Mechanics and Tradesmen of the city of New York. Federal Government Reports — Department of Agriculture. Department of Statei Interior Department. Navy Department. Treasury Department. War Department. 454 UNIVERSAL EXPOSITION OF 1889 AT PARIS. Exhibits and parts given to the National Library, Faxis— Continued. H. V. and H. W. Poor, New Yorli City. Hiwassee College, Hiwassee, Tenn. Horace B. Miller, New York City. Indiana University, Bloomington, Ind. Insurance Department of Connecticut, Hartford, Conn. Insurance Department of Indiana, Indianapolis, Ind. Insurance Department of Kansas, Topeka, Kans. Insurance Department of Michigan, Lansing, Mich. Insurance Department of Nebraska, Lincoln, Neb. Insurance Department of New Jersey, Trenton, N. J. Insurance Department of Pennsylvania, Harrisburg, Pa. Insurance Department of Wisconsin, Madison, Wis. Lafayette College, Easton, Pa. Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Boston, Mass. Massachusetts Insurance Commission, Boston, Mass. Minnesota School for the Deaf, Faribault, Minn. New York Mercantile Library Association, New York City. Norman Williams Library, Woodstock, Vt. Ohio Institution for Feeble-Minded Children, Columbus, Ohio. Public Library, Fitchburg, Mass. Public Library, Toledo, Ohio. Railroad Commission of Iowa, Des Moines, Iowa. Railroad Commissioner of Connecticut, Hartford, Conn. Railroad Commissioners of Alabama, Montgomery, Ala. Railroad Commissioners of Virginia, Richmond, Va. Railroad Commissioners of Wisconsin, Madison, Wis. Railway Commission of Ohio, Columbus, Ohio. St. Stephen's College, Annandale, N. Y. Secretary of Internal Affairs, Harrisburg, Pa. State Board of Health, Lansing, Mich. State Board of Registration, Lansing, Mich. State Department of Education, Harrisburg, Fa. State Industrial University of Illinois, Urbana, lU. Stevens Institute of Technology, Hoboken, N. J. The Porum Publishing Company, New York City. The Manufacturer and Builder, New York City. Tuft's Library, Weymouth, Mass. Times Publishing Company, New York City. Virginia Historical Society, Richmond, Va. Waltham Public Library, Waltham, Mass. Westown School, Westown, Pa. In addition to the above special exhibits, the lai-ge quantities of wine, preserved fruit, jellies, canned meats, etc., which formed the extensive collective exhibits prepared under the direction of the Department of Agriculture, were donated to the charitable organizations of Paris without regard to denomination, but chiefly to the " Little Sisters of the Poor," in all cases receipts being exacted and filed. APPKNDIX S. The expenditures have been classified as follows: Services of Commissioner-General ' $10, 000. 00 Services of Assistant Commissioner-General 5, 000. 00 Services of nine scientific experts 13, 500. 00 Clerks to experts 11, 016. 93 Engineers, superintendents of sections, and skilled labor 17, 597. 90 Jurors 7, 200. 00 Watchmen and guardians 7, 008. 44 Clerk hire in New York, Paris, and Hartford 18, 395. 31 Expenses of New York and Hartford oflBces 3,475. 73 Expenses of Paris office 7, 633. 95 Postage, expressage, and telegrams 1, 935. 34 Stationery and printing 4, 806. 05 Advertising 1, 349. 95 Outward freight and terminal expenses 33, 146. 51 Inward freight and terminal expenses 16, 005. 44 United States Government exhibits 5, 413. 69 Fine arts section 3, 420. 31 Educational section 3, 665. 44 Industrial section 16, 933. 89 Machinery section 9, 536. 91 Agricultural section 35, 969. 69 Preparation of report 13, 646. 10 Miscellaneous expenditures 7,473. 53 Total 350,000.00 455 Paris Exposition of 1R^9. Plate XXIII. BOULEVARD DE LA TOUR -MAUBOURG Rue I oc ?^-^ Fat ert KRipO^Tp^e; : ; : ; ; ;i' "Jsl-lJlJT.I ^PRICULTUPE . I , r , , . ■r S' SH com,ii ^^ ^'w-WisS. I© r3 1M1NIST13R ('] OP WAR D pi an., p IVM-^AM>XJxr<^^?^a"/MWln.ue!i:^ LCTi aa.'Btfi} ---' Colorile's^ ^^^-^^ h [till Wilaqe' ?r'^ 3 «3 b l i EE^-iiJ lij'^ "TpiJieTi. '^< tffiilage Javaiiais?— ji'^ i,H.,:jgi:[^iftr:«l — ^ - -^. n , -5 Wllaqe Cixaamf^ ' Q j/omr; s-saiiilJ.is . ^_J L^ 31 Q.'l Rue SCALE - ■z.ooo SOo:^eet. ^ x: I fe^^gr-'-CN'^ if r b' |G' .ta E3wra ' °0' PLAN OF THE ESPLANADE DES INVALIDES. Park r\rosniON of 1S89. Plate XXIV. Ouai to * \ Coinage of gold, silver, and copper in Mexico, 1873 to 1888 (Appendix M) 423 Coinage of Mexico from establishment of mints, 1534 (Appendix M) 423- Comstock Lode (Appendix M) 385' Operations on, in 1888, 385; total production of silver of, 386; relative value of gold and silver of, 386; assessments and dividends, 387. Congress, joint resolution of, authorizing printiug of report ix Consumption of natural gas (Appendix M) 40& Copper (Appendix M) 390 Production and sources from 1882 to 1887, inclusive, 390; imports of, into the United States from 1867, 392; exports of from the United States from 1867, 392; average price of lake copper per pound in cents at New Yorli from 1860, 393 ; exhibitors of (with notes of production), 394. Cost of production of silver in the United States (Appendix M) 384 Decorations bestowed on account of the United States (Appendix O) 44T Legion of Honor, officers of public instruction, officers of the academy, agricultural merit. Decree of the President of the French Republic, opening the Universal Expo- sition of 1889 at Paris (Appendix A) 179 Discovery of nickel ores in Oregon (Appendix M) 405 Discoveries of salt in New York and Kansas (Appendix M) 407 Distribution of foreign members of superior (International) jury, by countries and by classes 95 Dividends declared by States, 1884-'88 (Appendix M) 420 Dividends paid by certain American mines in 1888 (Appendix M) 418 Donations of exhibits made by United States exhibitors (Appendix E) 452 Durand. J., report by, on Riggs collection of armor 169 Estimated and actual cost of building, operations, etc. (Appendix D) 315 Expenditures of foreign commissions (Appendix H) 222 Exports of copper from the United States from 1867 (Appendix M) 392 Exports of lead from the United States from 1867 (Appendix W) 39T Exports of mineral oil, 1887-88 (Appendix M) 409 Exports of roofing slate, 1887 (Appendix M) 412 Exports of silver to China, Japan, The Straits, etc., 1887-88 (Appendix M). . 422 Fertilizers (Appendix M) 410 Production of phosphate rock in South Carolina, 1887-'88, 410; importations of guano, 1887-'88, 410; exhibitors of, 410. Foreign commissions, general list of 77 Foreign commissions, expenditures of in Paris (Appendix H) 222 Foreign countries represented, appropriations, space occupied, etc. (Appen- dix G) 220 Franklin, W. B., commissioner-general: Delegates to International Congresses appointed by (Appendix Q), 451 ; letter of in- structions to, XI; letter to Secretary of State, estimate of appropriation, XIX; letter to Secretary of State, transmitting official report, XXI; official report, 1; staff of, 75. French general commission, organization of (Appendix C) 214 French laws and regulations governing the exposition (Appendix B) 183 General contents of the report xxr Geographic distribution of principal mineral products of United States (Ap- pendix M) 371 Gold (Appendix M) 380 Value of annual product from 1870, 380; exhibitorsof (withnotesof production, yield, and cost per ton), 381. 460 INDEX. Pags. Gold and silver (Appendix M) 416 Approidmate distribution of product of 1887, and value, 416; valueof annual produc- tion from 1793 to 1844, 417; coinage at United States mints in 1888, 418. Gold and silver, product of Mexico from 1877 to 1888 (Appendix M) 423 Gold, silver, and copper, coinage in Mexico from 1873 to 1888 (Appendix M). 433 Gold, silver, lead, and copper, production of, -west of Missouri River, 1888 (Ap- pendix M) 421 Production from 1870 423 •Graphite (Appendix M) 406 Where found, 406; annual production in the United States, 406; importation of man- vifactured material, 406; exhibitors of, 406. Guano, importations of, into the United States in 1887 (Appendix M) 410 Gunnell, W. C, Engineer United States Commission, official report 45 Gypsum, lime, and mica (Appendix M) 410 Where gypsum is found in the United States, 410; production of gypsum in 1887, 410; importation of gypsum in 1887, 410; exhibitors of gypsum, 410; where lime is found, 411 ; production in 1887, 411 ; exhibitors of, 411 ; uses of mica and where mined, 401 ; pro- duction and importations in 1887, 411; exhibitors of, 411. History of Labor, report by Wickham Hoffman 125 Hoffman, Wickham; Report on history of labor, 125; review of the exhibition of social economy, 101. Honorary Commissioners, appointed by governors of States 79 Illustrations, list of v Imports of copper into the United States from 1867 (Appendix M) 392 Imports of gypsum into the United States in 1887 (Appendix ?I) 410 Imports of lead into the United States from 1867 (Appendix M) 897 Imports of zinc and zinc oxides into the United States, 1887 (Appendix M). . . 399 Importation of manufactured graphite (Appendix M) 406 International Congresses: List of (Appendix P), 449; list of American delegates to (Appendix Q), 451. Iron (Appendix M) 378 Production and shipment of, and ore in 1886, '87, '88, 378; production of pig iron, steel rails, nails, etc, 379; production of pig iron by States, 379; exhibitors of, 379. Kansas, discovery of salt in (Appendix M) 407 Labor and Anthropology, general regulations governing retrospective exposi- tion of 159 Lake copper, average price per pound in cents at New York from 1860 (Ap- pendix M) 393 Lead (Appendix M) 396 Production of, in United States from 1878, 396; production of, and precious metals in Leadville, 1888, 396; production of, and silver in Leadville from 1860, 397; United States exports and imports of, from 1867, 397; average monthly prices of, in New York, in cents per pound from 1870, 398; exhibitors of (mth notes of production, eto.^ 398. Letters: Secretaiy Bayard to Commissioner-General Franklin, of instructions. XI; Secretary Blaine, from, introduction, VII ; ciri-ular to governore of States and Territories by Sec- retary of State, XVII; Franklin, W. B., Commissioner-General to Secretary of State, estimate of appropriation, XIX; Franklin, W. B., Commissioner-General, to Seci-etary of State, transmitting official report.- XXI; transmitting i-eport of W. P. Blake on min- eral resources of United States to Commissioner-General of (Appendix 51), 366. Manganese (Appendix M) 404 Total production of ore iu the United States in 1887, 404; exhibitora of, 404. Market value of certain American mines, 1888 (Appendix M) 418 Measures and values, table of 44 Mexico (Appendix M) 432 Product of gold and silver from 1877 to 1888, 428; coinage of gold, silver, and copper, 1878 to 1888, 423; exhibit of coinage from establishment of mints in l.\84, 493. Mineral products of United States, annual value of (Appendix M) 867 INDEX. 461 Page^ Mineral resources of the United States : Report by W. P. Blake to Commissioner-General (Appendix M), 363; with statistical tables, etc. (Appendix M), S63. Miscellaneous minerals (Appendix M) 415 Exhibitors of, 415. Nevada's production of silver, 1887 (Appendix M) 385 New York, discovery of salt in (Appendix M) 407 Nickel (Appendix M) 405 Value of the metal produced in the United States in 1887, 401; discovery of ores in Oregon, 404; exhibitors of, 404. Number of vsrells completed, new production of petroleum, and average per well in 1887-88 (Appendix M) 409- Official Instructions to Commissioner-General by Secretary of State xi Operations on Comstook Lode m 1888 (Appendix M) 385 Parks, C. Wellman, superintendent of liberal arts, official report 67 Petroleum and natural gas (Appendix M) 407 Principal localities where found, 407; production of crude petroleum in the United States from 1859, 408; pipe line deliveries in 1888, 408; number of wells completed, new production of petroleum, and average per well, 1887 and 1888, 409; value of oil produced since 1860, 409; exports of mineral oils, 1887-'88, 409; consumption' of natural gas, 407; exhibitoi'S of, 410. / Phosphate rock, production of, in 1887-88, in South Carolina (Appendix M). . 410 Pipe-hne deliveries of crude petroleum, 1888 (Appendix M) 408 Precious stones and gems (Appendix M) 413 Estimated production, in detail, 1883-1887, including gold quartz, 413; exhibitors of (with notes), 414. Processes of production of alumina ( Appendix M) 406 Production of antimony in the United States in 1886-'87-'88 (Appendix M) . . 405 Production of building stone, marble, slate, etc., in the United States in 1887, and value (Appendix M) 411 Production of coal in United States in 1887 and 1888 (Appendix M) 373- Production of copper in United States from 1883 to 1887, inclusive (Appen- dix M) 890- Production of crude petroleum in United States from 1859 (Appendix M) .... 408 Production of gold in United States from 1870 (Appendix M) 380 Production of gold and silver, 1887 (Appendix M) 416 Production of gold and silver from 1793 to 1844 (Appendix M) 417 Production of gold and silver in Mexico from 1877 to 1888 (Appendix M). . . . 432 Production of gold, silver, lead, and copper west of Missouri River, 1888, (Ap- pendix M) 431 From 1870 430 Production of gypsum in the United States in 1887 (Appendix M) 410 Production of lead in the United States from 1873 (Appendix M) 396 Production of lead and precious metals in Leadville in 1888 (Appendix M). . . . 396 Production of lead and silver in Leadville from 1860 (Appendix M) 397 Production of lime in the United States in 1887, and value (Appendix M). . . . 411 Production of manganese ore in the United States in 1887 (Appendix M). . . . 404 Production of mica in 1887, and value (Appendix M) 411 Production of nickel in the United States in 1887 (Appendix M; 405 Production of phosphate rook in South Carolina, 1887-88, (Appendix M). . . . 410 Production of pyrites in the United States, 1883 to 1887, (Appendix M) 405 Production of quicksilver at New Almaden, Cal. , from 1850 (Appendix M) . . . 403 Production of quicksilver in California from 1879 (Appendix M) 400 Production of quicksilver in the United States, 1887-88, (Appendix M) 399 Production of roofing slate, 1884-'87, and value (Appendix M) 413 Production of salt in the United States from 1883 to 1887, by localities (Ap- pendix M) 407' 462 INDEX. Pago. Production of silver in the United States from 1870 (Appendix M) 384 Production of zinc (spelter) in the United States, 1883 to 1887, inclusive, by- States (Appendix M) 399 Production (estimated) of precious stones and gems, 1883-'87, including gold quartz (Appendix M) 412 Production and shipment of iron, iron ore, and products of, f or 1886-'87-'88 (Ap- pendix M) 378 Priucipal localities in the United States where gypsum is found (Appendix M) 410 Principal localities in the United States where lime is found (Appendix M). . 411 Principal localities in the United States where mica is found (Appendix M). . 411 Principal localities in the United States where petroleum and natural gas are found (Appendix M) 407 Principal localities in the United States where slate is found (Appendix M). . 411 Principal mineral products of the United States, geographical distribution of, (Appendix M) , • 371 Principal sources of graphite (Appendix M) , . . . . 406 Principal sources of pyrites in the United States (Appendix M) 405 Pyrites (Appendix M) 405 Principal sources, 405; production of, in United States 1883 to 1887, 405; exlnbitors of. 406. Quicksilver (Appendix M.) 399 Production of, in United States ]887-'88, 399; production of , in California from 1879, 400; exliibitors of, (witli notes of, production, etc.) 400, 404; production of, at New Al- maden.Cal., from 1850, 408. Regulations governing retrospective exposition of labor and anthropology. . 159 Begulations of the superior (international) jury 91 Relative value of gold and silver of Comstock Lode (Appendix M) 386 Reports Berger, Georges, Commissioner General of Exposition, on superior jury, 85; Durand, J., on Riggs collection of armor, 169; Franklin, W. B., Commissioner General, 1; Gun- nell, W. C, Engineer United States Commission, 45; Hoffman, Wickhara, History of Labor, 135; Hoffman, Wickham, on exhibition of social economy, 101; Blake, W. P., on mineral resources of the United States, 363; Parks, C. Wellman, Superintendent of Liberal Arts, 67. Resolution, Congress, joint, of ix Restaurants, concessions and regulations of (Appendix F) 217 Riggs, collection of armor by 169 Salt (Appendix M) 407 Production of, in the United States from 1883 to 18S7, by localities, 407; discoveries in New York and Kansas, 407. Secretai-ies of superior jury, list of 84 Silver (Appendix M) 384 Value of annual product from 1870, 384; amount m country, 384; amount used in- dustrially, 384; cost of production, 384; operations on Comstock Lode 1888, 385; Nevada's product 1887, 385; total production from Comstock Lode, 386; relative value of gold and silver from Comstock Lode, 386; assessments and dividends, 387; exhibitors of (with notes of production, yield and cost per ton), 387 ; exports of, to Japan, China, the Straits, etc,, 1887-'88, 423. Social economy, review of Exhibition 101 Staff of Commissioner General 73 Statistics of admission (Appendix E) 316 Superior jury: Distribution of foreign members by countries and by classes, 95; list of, 83; regula- tions of, 01; report on, by Georges Berger, Commissioner General of Exposition, 85. Synopsis of classification (Appendix J) 053 Tin (Appendix M) 404 Whei'e found hi United States, 404; exhibitions of (with notes), 404. INDEX. 463 Page. Total amount dividends paid by certain American mines to 1888 (Appendix M) 418 Total production of silver of Comstock Lode (Appendix M) 386 United States exhibitors: Alphabetical catalogue of (Appendix L), 344 ; classified catalogue of (Appendix K), 261; list of awards to, and collaborators (Appendix N), 424; list of donations made by (Appendix E),453; of alumina (Appendix M), 406; of antimony (Appendix M), 406; of coal, 378; of copper (with notes of production, etc.) (Appendix M), 394; of fertilizers (Appendix M), 410; of gold (with notes of production, yield, anl cost per ton) (Appen- dix M), 380; of graptiite (Appendix M), 406; of gypsum (Appendix M), 410; of iron, iron ore, and products of (Appendix M), 379; of lead (.vith notes of production, etc.) (Appendix M), 398; of lime (Appendix M), 411; of manganese ore(Appendix M), 404; of miscellaneous minerals (Appendix M), 415; of mica (Appendix M), 411; of natural gas (photographs) (Appendix M), 410; of nickel (Appendix M), 405; of precious stones and gems (Appendix M), 413; of pyrites (Appendix M), 406; of quicljsilver (with notes of production, etc.) (Appendix M), 400, 404; of silver (with notes of production, yield and cost per ton) (Appendix M), 387; of slate and granite (Appendix' M), 412; of tin (with notes) (Appendix M,), 404; of zinc (Appendix M), 399. United States jurors, list of '. 99 "Valentine, John J., annual statement of production of gold, silver, lead, and copper west of the Missouri River in 1888, and production and coinage of Mexico (Appendix M) 431 Zinc (Apppendix M) 399 Production of spelter in United States 1882 to 1887 inclusive, by States, 399; imports of, and zinc oxide for 188i', 399; exhitiitors of, 399. PARIS EXPOSITION. GENERAL INDEX. [The volume !n which the article sought is to he found is indicated by the Roman numeral following the title. The figure or figures given are the pages of the volume named, on reference to which the article may be found.] A. Page. Abbe's, Prof. , apochromatio microscope, il 337 Abel full-fashioned legger knitting machine, m 383 Abelmoschus esculentus, grown for fiber, v 718 Aboilard arc lamp, iv 58 Abt system for steep-inclined railway, in , 533 Abutilon avicennce, experiments with fiber of , v 719 Academy of Magyar-Ovar, v 154, 199 Accessories to electrical plants, rv 78 telegraphy, iv 116 telephony, rv 136 Accumulator system of transmitting electricity, iv 70 Acer dasyoarpum, sugar made from, v 691 rubrum, sugar made from, v 691 saccharium, sugar made from, v 691 Adpenser huso, air sac of, used for fining, v 399 Acknowledgements, v 31,33,487,496 Acoustic signals in connection with electric light houses, in 881 Act of 1863, establishing department of agriculture, v 835 Acuguayaco (bread of heaven), in Bolivia, v 133 Ader long-distance telephone, iv 125 telephone receiver, iv 133 Administrative arms of service in the French army, IV 385 Africa, French Possessions in, agricultural exhibits of , v 99 African countries, agricultural exhibits of , v 98, 136 Agarieus campestris (Edulis), cultivation of , v 38 Agave americana, fiber from, v 730 rigida (var. sisalana), introduced into Florida, v 730 Agents, instructions to (Appendix ii), v 853 Agricultural clubs (cornices), v 145 colleges, V 169 national legislation on, v 815 number of teachers and students at,*v 817 total value of plant, v 816 ' 465 H. Ex. 410 30 466 GKNEEAL INDEX, Page. Agricultural Congress, International, v 496, 500, 505 credit, v 142 credit, in France, v 506 various countries, v 508 resolution of International Congress on, v 509 department, establishment of , v 817 distilling, v 435, 523 education (Appendix ill), v 853 list of exhibits in, v 879 exhibit of the United States, amount expended on, v 498 classification of , v 492 Expeiiment Stations, T 26 expert opinion of , v 887 group, faulty classification of, v. . 25 law in reference to, v 491, 495 list of (Appendix iv), v 858 plan of , V 23 press reviews of (Appendix iv), v. 887 instruction, in France, v 171 resolutions of International Congress on, v 518 laboratories, v 145 machinery, implements, v 229 organizations in United States, failure of national, v 26 products not used as food, report of Prof. Spencer B. New bury, II 648 proportion exported, v 806 resources of the United States, reports on, T 494. 53T schools and colleges, list of, v 843 science at Harvard and Yale, V 817 and education in the United States, report of A. C. True, V 809 societies, v 143, 306 history of, v 810 in Algeria, v 88 statistics, v 141 fii-st appropriation for, v 814 list of exhibits in. v 8TS of United States, report of J. R. Dodge, v 797 syndicates, professional, v 143 work and food industries, relative value of exhibits, m 37 review of, I'. B. Richard. M. A., Ill 37 United States exhibitors, awards to, lU 27 Agriculture — American, value of products, v 806 Appropriations for De|iartiueiit of (1S90), v 843 ( 'olleses of , V 206 ( 'ourses of instruction in, v 849 Crisis in, V 499 Depreciation of wa^-es in, v 503 ])roilnrts of, V 501 Duties of Secretary ol', \' 838 History of Department of, \' 833 GENEKAL INDEX. 467 Agriculture — Continued. Page. Instruction in, v 161, 171, 188 International Congress of , v 499 Methods and appliances for instruction in, v 188 Per cent of p(>pulation engaged in, v 798 Societies for promoting, v 810 Statistics of, in United States, v 797 Agronomy (agricultural statistics), report of C. V. Riley, v 141 exhibit in, v , 141 Agrotis vulgaris, cultivated in United States, v 737 Aiken full-fashioned footer (Abel Machine Company exhibitor), in 384 Aime Witz, Dr., of Lille, test by, of gas consumption for gas engines, iii. . . . 142 Alauzet & Tiquet, exhibit of printing presses, in 50 Aletia xyleria, estimate of loss occasioned by, v , 604 Alfalfa (Medicago sativa), grown in United States, v 739 Alfilaria (JErodium cieutarium), in California, v 739 Algeria — Agricultural societies of , v 88 Exhibits : Agriculture, v 83, 312 Drawing and modeling, ii 164 Maps and apparatus, li 189 Plan ot Constantine; plan for remolding Algiers; Sahara. Medicine and surgery, ll 177 Musical instruments, ii 171 Printing and books, li , 154 Schools, II 129 Academy of Algiers; Oran Professional Primary School. Scientific instruments, ii 183 Secondary instruction, II 136 National School of Industry, Dellys; Ligue de TEnseignement, Algiers; Algiers College and Lyceum; Ben-Aknown Lyceum, E. P. Guerin, Lestrade. Sericioulture, v 430 Stationery, etc. , ii 158 Superior education, ll 144 Algiers school of art, li 31 Alimentary products- Cereals and farinaceous products, iv 469 Countries exhibiting— United States, West Indijs, Mexico, Central America, South America, Great Britain, France, Sweden and Norway, Netherlands, Belgium, Spain, Portugal, Switzerland, Austria-Hungary, Koumania, Servia, Greece, Italy, San Marino, Russia, Algeria, Egypt, Tunis, Senegal, Republic of South Africa, Cape Verde Islands, Reunion, Cape Colony, Persia, Japan, Siara, British India, French India and Cochin China, Australasia, Tahiti, New Caledonia, Hawauau Islands ; the cereals— wheat, rye, barley, oats, corn, buckwheat, millet and sorghum, rice, tefl, eleusine, bamboo, etc. ; farinaceous products and derivatives— semolina, alimentary pastes, starches, arrow- root, tapioca, etc. ; dextrine and glucose; flour milling. Commercial statistics, iv 456 Dairy products : Oils and fats, iv 567 Awards ; milk and koumiss, butter and oleomargarine, cheese, eggs of birds, reptiles, etc.; animal and vegetable oils and fats; exhibits by countries — United States, West Indies, Central America, South America, Austria-Hungary, Belgium, Denmark, France, Great Britain, Greece, Italy, Netherlands, Sweden, Norway, Portugal, Eoumania, Rus- sia, San Marino, Spain, Switzerland, Africa, Asia, Australasia ; Report by Mr. James Cheesman. 468 GENERAL INDEX. Alimentary products — Continued. Page, Fermented drinks, iv 781 Review of exhibits by covmtries; awards; wines — Bordeaux, Burgundy, champagne, Macon and Rhone, German, Hungarian, Italian, Spanish, Madeira, American; spirits — statistics, process of distillation; beer, cider. Preserved meats and fish, iv 623 General view ; statistics, exhibits by coimtries— United States, France ; methods of preservation, artificial ice. Products of the bakery and pastry shop, iv 541 Awards, history of baking, methods of the bakery. Report by A. Howard Clark, expert commissioner, iv 455 Sugar, coffee, tea, cocoa, spices and condiments, liquors, preserves, iv . . . 661 Awards; exhibits by the United States, sugar industry; review by countries— United States, Cuba, Martinique and Guadeloupe, Central America, Brazil, Argentine Repub- hc, Peru, Paraguay, Ecuador and Chile, Hawaiian Islands, France, Russia, Denmark, Belgium, Germany, Egypt, Madagascar, Algeria, Reunion, Mayotte and Oomores, New Caledonia. Japan, India, Cochin China, Anam-Tonkin, China, Java, Philippine Islands; manufacture of beet sugar, treatment of molasses, manufacture of cane sugar, sugar-refining, honey; coffee industry — ^production and consumption, history and kinds, preparation for market, preparation for the table, chicory; tea industry — trade statistics, kinds of tea and preparation; cocoa industry; spices and condiments; liqueurs. Alioth ampere and volt meters, iv 209 hour meters, iv 223 arc lamps, iv 63 Alkali manufacture, report of Prof. Spencer B. Newbury, ii 557 Change in ammonia-soda process ; Le Blanc process ; Hargreave's process ; condensa- tion of hydrochloric acid; black-ash process; recovery of sulphur from tank waste; Chance sulphur recovery process; other alkali processes; chlorine and bleaching pow- der; Weldon process; Deacon process; Weldon-Pechiney process; other methods of producing chlorine in connection with ammonia-soda; Solvay process. Allium ascalonium, cultivation of , v 83 cepa, cultivation of , v 82 varieties of , v 83 pomtm, common about Paris, v 83 sativum , common in France, v 83 cultivation of , v 83 Allorhina vitida, kerosine used to destroy, v 607 Allotment of space in machinery hall, ill 15 Alloys of nickel and steel, paper by James Riley, before Glasgow Iron and Steel Institute, li 455 patents for manufacture of , li 468 Almond in South Australia, v 110 the Tell, V 87 Aloe, American, fiber from leaves utilized, v 730 Alphabetical catalogue of United States exhibitoi-s, i 344 Alsatian society's lari;e tools, ill 325 Alternating cm-rent transformers, iv 50 Alumina, exhibitors of , 1 406 processes of production of , 1 406 Aluminium — Analyses of commercial samples, by J, W. Richards, ii 480 Cowles Electric Smelting and Aluminium Company, statement of , li 484 Deville-Casteur process lor producing, ii 463 GENERAL INDEX. 469 Aluminium — Continued. 7a.ge. Exhibitors of . n 463 Aluminium Company (Limited); Alliance Aluminium Company (Limited), England; Bernai-d Brothers; Society Anonyme i:ieotro-M4tallurglque Frangaise, France; Cowles Electric Smelting and Aluminium Company; Pittsburg Reduction Company, United States; Socifitfi Anonyme pour I'lndustrie de I'Aluminium, Switzerland. Lecture on, by Sir Henry Roscoe, before Royal Institution, London, ll . . 466 Properties and uses, ll 457 Report of W. H. Chandler, ph. d., ll 480 Suggestions regarding the casting of bronze, n 479 Amelunchier dblongifolia, character of , v ; 381 American architecture, ill 6 delegates to International Congresses, list of , I 451 dietaries, v 808 American mines — Assessments levied in, 1 420 Dividends declared by States, 1884-1888, I 430 paid by, in 1888, I 418 Market value of the property, I 418 Total amount of dividends paid to 1888, i 418 American nations, agricultural exhibits of , v 130 patents for preserving vrood, li 740 prize winners in textile fabrics, vs^eaiing apparel and accessories, ll . 335 Screw Company's exhibit, ill 39 wood screw machines, m 345 Amherst Cooperative Creamery, v 566 Amiens School of Art, ll ; 28 Ammunition for rapid-firing guns, iv 326 Amount of quicksilver produced in the United States in 1887-88, l 399 silver in the United States, 1 384 used industrially in the United States, I 384 zinc produced in the United States, 1882 to 1887, inclusive, by States, I 399 Anam-Tonquin (Cochin-China) exhibits — Agriculture, v 103 Drawing and modeling, I 164 Maps and apparatus, I 191 Exhibit of musical instruments, i 171 Printing and books, I 154 Scientific instruments, 1 183 Stationery, etc. , i 158 Angelica, cultivation and use of , v 83 "Angelus;" sale of , ll 19 Anglo- Arabs, agricultural exhibit of , y 474 Angola, agricultural exhibit of , v 118 Animal products, list of exhibits of , v 853 and vegetable oils and fats, iv 594 Annual amount of copper exported from the United States from 1867, 1 392 imported into the United States from 1867, I 892 produced in the United States from 1882 to 1887, inclusive, i 390 crude petroleum produced in the United States from 1859, 1 408 graphite produced in the United States, 1 406 lead produced in the United States from 1873, i 396 and silver produced in Leadville from 1860, I 397 470 GENERAL INDEX. Paga Annual amount of quicksilver produced at New Almaden, Cal. , from 1850, i . 403 in California from 1879, i 400 value of gold product of the United States from 1870, i 380 and silver product of the United States from 1792 to 1844, 1 417 silver, lead, and copper produced west of the Missouri River from 1870, I 423 mineral product of the United States, i 367 silver product of the United States from 1870, i 384 Annunciators, alarms, bells, clocks, gas lighting, etc., and miscellaneous ap- plications of electricity — Annunciators, iv 132 Fire, burglar alarms, railroad signals. Bells, IV 134 Domestic apparatus, rv 137 Electric clocks and time distribution, iv 135 Gas lighting, IV 136 Miscellaneous applications of electricity, rv 137 Gas engines with electrical ignition, mine blasting, organ, melograph and raelotrope, automatic weighing machine, loom arrester, tricycle, voting machine, lock, record- ing and indicating apparatus, Anthracanose of the bean, v 790 raspberry, v 791 Anthracite coal — Composition of , l 374 Exhibition of , 1 378 Production of, in 1887-'88, i 375 since 1830, 1 375 Antimony, exhibitors of , i 404 production of, in United States. 1886-1888, i 404 where found in United States, 1 404 Antoinette bridge, in 783 Antwerp (Belgium) city hospital, ii 771 Aphis gossypii, attacking cotton, v 708 Apicultural societies, Swiss, v Sig Apiculture — Foreign exhibits, v 436 French exhibits, v 434 Improvements in, v 616 In United States, v 616 Nomadic instruction in, v 216 Statistics on, v 616 Apium graveolens, exhibits of , v {^.3 Apoeynnm Canwibiiuim, fiber used by Indians, v 703 Apparatus — For cheese making, v 054 cooling milk, v 043 studying motion of a i>rojectile in the gun, iv 2$3 turning eggs, v '.....!. 368 Fungicide, v ggg Gretillat, v gg™ Heating, v ',!.!..,.,' 248 Insecticide, v oi) 367 •>74 GENERAL INDEX. 471 Apparatus— Continued. P*Ke. Miscellaneous, v 255 Pinsard, v 358 Spraying, v 311 Vermorel, v 366 Apparatusand method of mining and metallurgy, report of Henry M. Howe, III 249 processes for heating ; apparatus and processes for lighting otherwise than by electricity, report of David XJrquhart, jr., II 323 Appendices to Volume I — A. Decree of the President of the French Republic opening the Univer- sal Exposition of 1889 at Paris 179 B. French laws and regulations governing the Exposition 183 C. The French general commission 314 D. Estimated and actual cost of buildings, operations, etc 215 E. Statistics of admission 216 F. Restaurants, concessions, and regulations 217 G. Foreign countries represented, appropriations, space occupied, etc. . . 220 H. Expenditures in Paris of foreign commissions 223 I. Circulars, forms, and regulations : (a) anterior to exposition ; (&) dur- ing the exposition ; (o) incident to the close 323 J. Synopsis of classification: Group 1, works of art ; group 2, education and instruction ; group 3, furniture and accessories ; group 4, textile fabrics ; group 5, extractive arts : group 6, apparatus and processes of mechanical industries ; group 7, food products ; group 8, agriculture, cultivation of the vine, and fish culture ; group 9, horticulture, social economy '258 K. Classified catalogue of United States exhibitors ; number of exhibit- ors by classes and groups 361 L. Alphabetical catalogue of exhibitors 344 M. Mineral resources of the United States ; letters transmitting report of WiUiam P. Blake, special agent ; annual value of production ; geo- graphic distribution of principal mineral products ; statistical table, etc . 863 N. Awards to United States exhibitors and collaborators ; grand prizes, special prizes for field trials, for reproductive animals, for permanent collection, gold medals, silver medals, bronze medals, honorable men- tion, recapitulation 424 O. Decorations bestowed on account of the United States at the Paris Exposition, 1889 ; Legion of Honor, officers of public instruction, offi- cers of the academy, agricultural merit 447 P. List of International Congresses 449 Q. American delegates to the International Congresses appointed by the Commissioner-General 451 R. Donations of exhibits by United States exhibitors 453 S. Expenditures of the U. S. Commission 45"i Appendices to Volume V — I. Circular showing scope of work in preparing agricultural exhibit. . . 851 II. Instructions to agents 852 III. Circulars in reference to agricultural education 853 rv. Detailed list of the agi-ioultural exhibit from the United States 853 V. List of awards made in the United States agricultural exhibit 883 VI. Reviews of the exhibit from leading French and English sources . . . 887 Appert, M. , originator of canning foods, v 668 Apple Ecab ( fusieladium dendriticum), v 789 472 GENERAL INDEX. Apples — ■ Page. Canning of, v 671 Regions suited to, v 676 Roestelia, v 790 Varieties most grown, v 677 Appliances and products of methods employed for the preservation of woods, ii . 715 Experiments in " Burnettizing," copper preservatives, creosoting, " Ijyanizing," and miscellaneous processes for preservation of wood; historical sketch by M. D. Sihon, A. c. ; history of the preservation of wood; American patents for preserving wood; Lehigh Valley creosoting worlfs; wood treatment tests (Engineering News); references. Applications of electric power, iv 93 electricity in medicine and surgery, iv 243 Apricots, canning and sun-drying, v 679 cultivation limited, v 679 Aracliss hypogoea, culture in Senegal, v 9f Arc lamps, iv 5* Architectural drawings, exhibit of , li 97 Arcy-en-Brie, M. Joulie's explanation of system of , v 530 visit to the farm of , v 529 Argentine Republic — Exhibits : Agriculture, v 130 Drawing and modeUng, li 162 Insects, V 441 Schools, II 137 Maps and apparatus, ii 189 , Entre Rios, plan of the province of Cordoba. Printing and books, ll 153 Scientific instruments, ii 182 Stationery, etc. , ii 157 Superior education, ii 143 Probable increase in wheat produced, v 627 Arid region, so called, v 798 Armington & Sons' engines, m 124 Armor, the Riggs collection of , i 169 Amould arc lamp, iv g3 Aron Watt-hour meter, iv 220 Arrault's couplings for rods, lii 254 Ught sinking outfit, iii 253 solid trepans, ill 054 Art, French, 11 jO restrospective exhibit of , II 97 in the United States, 11 4 Art bronzes and castings, artistic iron work, and repousse metal work, Japanese method of , 11 317 Art bronzes and castings, artistic ironwork and repousse metal work, report of David Urquhart, jr., 11 gjg Art dealers, iniiuenoe of , li j7 Art department- Awards given in, alphabetically arranged by countries, 11 108 Classified table of exhibits and awards, 11 105 Juries in classes 1 and 3, paintings and drawings, 11 106 class 3, sculpture and engraving on medals, 11 107 GBNEEAL INDEX, 473 Art department — Continued. Page. Juries in class 4, Drawings and models in architecture, il 107 class 5, Engravings and lithography, ll 107 Proust M. Antonin, head of , ii 104 Art of enameling, revival of , ii 384 knitting by machinery, in 369 lens-making, il 213 Artemisia dracunculus, use and propagation of , v 83 Artichokes — Confusion of name, v 77 For stock and table use, v 649 French exhibit of , v 68 Jerusalem, v 75 Artificial ice, systems of manufacturing, iv 651 silk, process of Count de Chardounet in the manufacture of, report on the manufacture of, by Charles Richards Dodge, u 536 report of Prof. Spencer B. Newbury, il 607 Artistic instinct of the Latin races, ii 21 Arum eseulentum, cultivation in Oceanica, v 129 Asclepias, fiber from, v 723 Asiatic countries, agricultural exhibits of , v 136 Asparagus, cultivation of , v 651 French exhibit of , v 67 largely grown in United States near the seashore, v 651 Assessments and dividends on Comstock Lode, I 387 levied by mining companies in 1888, I 420 Associated dairying in New England, report of Hubert Myrick, v 565 Associations, agricultural, v 145 Atwater, "W. O. , table of nutritive equivalents, v 808 Aubert time meter, iv 324 Austin, Amory, articles by, v 35, 329 report on visit to farm at Arcy-en-Brie, v 539 and C. V. Riley, report on live-stock exhibit, v 461 Australia — Agricultural colleges of , v 216 Agriculture in, v 110 Agronomy of , v I57 Probable increase in wheat produced, v , . . 627 Austria — Agricultural instruction in, v. . . , I97 Agronomy and statistics of , v I53 Exhibits : Apiculture, v 436 Cereal and vegetable, v 105 Austria-Hungary, exhibits- Art department, 11 '. 53 Painters— Vaoslav Brozik, Blaise Bukovac, Edouard Oharlemont, Adolphe Herschel, Albert Hynais, Jan Matejko, Michael de Munkacsy, Jules de Proyer, Eudolphe Eibarz, Vacslav Sochar, Othon de Thoren. Ceramics, 11 301 Fischer, Stellmacher. Furniture and accessories, 11 394 Medicine and surgery, 11 176 Microscopes, 11 337 Keichart, of Vienna. 474 GENEBAL INDEX. Austria-Hungary, exhibits — Continued. Page. Musical instruments, ii 170 Printing and books, II 153 Schools, II 137 Scientific instruments, ii 182 GrorlaoM Schenck, Fric ot Prague. Stationery, etc. , il 157 Superior education, li 143 Tapestry and carpets, ii 308 Guiskey. Viticulture, v 313 Autographic telegraph system, iv 105 Automatic electric regulators; iv 78 weighing machines, iv 145 safety cut-offs and fuses for electric lines, rv 83 Avacado pear, testing of , v 684 Average monthly prices of lead at New York, from 1870, i 398 price of lake copper at New York, from 1870, l 393 Aviculture, appliances for, v 2.57 Awards — Agricultural, v 274. 282. 296, 297. 299, 302 Given in ai-t department, by countries, ii 108 To United States exhibitors and collaborators, alphabetically arranged, i. 424 of agricultural products (Appendix v). v. . . . 883 work and food products, iii . . 27 chemical manufactures, m 27 machine tools, in 28 mining and metallurgy, m 34 sewing and clothing machines. III 34 spinning and weaving machines, m 33 typewriters. Ill 58 Ayrton volt meters, iv 208 Azouki, used in Japan, v 107 B. Babcock & Wilcox boilers, in 80 Bailey, Isaac A., report on leather production of Ameria. v .595 Balanced gates on the Rhone and Cette Canal, France, in 638 Baldwin gas engine {Otis Bros., exhibitorsl, in I53 locomotive, in 4g5 Baltimore, center of canning industry, v ggg Banana tried in Florida, v gg3 Bank notes, coins, and stamps, 11 g Barbs, exhibit of , v ^~^ Bardon arc lamp, iv gg Bariquand's miscellaneous tools, ni gjg Barley, exhibits and cultivation of, v 40, s,"). 86. 10.5. 114 120 134 in France, statistics of, v 59 yield and value of, in the United States, v g30 Barr, Prof. John H. , report on machine tools, in 317 Basic-Bessemer process for prochu-ing iron, history of and patentees, 11 409 M. Grunner, G. J. Snelus, S. G. Thomas, Edward Riley, Jacob Reese. production of , 11 412 Exhibitors of : Percy C. Gilchrist, Schneider & Co. GENERAL INDEX. 475 ' Page. Basic open-hearth steel process, description of , ii 415 Basseguese or wedging drill, in 363 Baume must scale, v 373 Bayard, T. F., Secretary of State, circular reply to governors of States and Territories, I xvn letter of instruction to Commissioner-Gen- eral Franklin, I XI Beans — Anthracnose of , v 790 As a field crop, v 640 Canning of , v 670 Crop by States, v 641 Ciiltivation in Algeria, v 84 Mode of cultivation of , v 65 Nevr Caledonia, exhibit of , v 103 Principal varieties, v 65 Varieties grown as garden crop, v 654 Yield large supply of solid food, v 653 Bear grass, fiber from, exhibited, v 731 Becot's bell and cone joints, in 355 Beef- American and European compared, v 593 Composition of , v 593 Exports of fresh, v 804 Products, value of, v 804 Beekeepers, Northwestern Society of, report of , v 616 Beer, iv 787 Bees, importation of , v 617 Beets — ' Climate and soil most favorable for, v 73 Cultivation in France, v 69 For forage, yield in France, v 60 sugar, V 649 Some principal varieties of , v 73 Statistics of , v , 60 Stock and for table, v 649 Varieties grown in garden, v 654 raised in France, v , 70 Beet sugar {Beta vulgaris) — Acreage and amount of product in 1887, v 71 Annual product of the United States, v 693 Factory at Watsonville, Cal., v 693 Great importance in France, v 71 Industry, V. ; 71,419 Varieties of , v 73 Belfort dynamos, iv 37 Belgian army exhibit, iv __ 397 railway iron tie, in 509 plant, III 467 state railway, in 47O Belgium — Agronomic instruction in, v 303 Agronomy of , v 155 476 GENERAL IMDEX. Belgium — Continued. Page. Exhibits : Agriculture, v 106 Apiculture, v 436 Army, IV 297 Art department, ii 54 Painters: Emile Claus, Franz Courtens, £mile Delpfir^e, Jean Pierre Lamo- rini6re, Robert Mols, Alfred Stevens, Alexandre Stniys, Jan van Beers, Jan Verhas, Theodore Varstraete, Alfred Verwee, Emile Wauters, Artan, Asselbe- rghs, Mile. Beemaert, Bouvir, Broerman, Mme. CoUart, D'Anethan, Dedans, De la Hoese, Den Duyts, De Smeth, Mile. De Vign, Dierick, Ronner (Alice), Simons, Smits, Stallaert, Stobbaerts, Zytgadt, Van Biesbroeck, Vanderecht, Van Have- rmaet. Van Hove, Verhaert, and Vanhayden. Sculptors: -Gruillaume Charlier, Paul de Vigne, Constantin Meunier, Pierre Charles Vanderstoppen, Braecke, Mignon, and Namur. Ceramics, il 301 Boch Frferes.of Louvidre, Escoyez, "laSocifit4 Anonyme,etc., de Seilles-lez- Andenne." Cereals, fruits, and vegetables, v 106 Chemical and pharmaceutical products, ll 543 David & De Bouch; Werotte, Solvay & Co.; Alfred Lambotte; Usines des Moullins, Compagnie GfinSrale des Explosives Faver; Fortis Explosive Associa- tion. Drawing and modeling, li 161 Society of Graphic Art, Gofifart, Falk, Bass, Banden-yns. Bock Brothers, De Mimter, Heins, Jaulet, Meunier, Launeau, Fine Arts Institute, Guelton, Logelain, De la Montague, Van Cauwelaei t, Desaucourt. Piirniture and accessories, li 393 Manteau, Briot, NeuviUe, Toulet, Denis, Errard, DevUliers, De Waele of Mo- lenbeck, Dammam & Washer, of Brussels. MpT)s and apparatus, 11 l-^g Van Scherpenzeel-Thim, Malherbe Dewalque, Brussels Cercle de la Librairie, V.^nder Wee, Falk, Capt.Henry, Lebegue, Zboinski, Adrien. Medioine and surgery, n l~^ V.-,n Ermengen, Henrijean, Fu-ket, Francotto, Plettnick-Bauchau, Felix Sou- part, Vandeu Corput, ThrSiar, Spehl, Kuborn, Dumoulin, Delaunois, De Keer- sinae rer, Debaisieux, Crocq, Medico-Surgical Society of Liege, Hovent, Was- seise, Davies-Gilbert, Delottr«. Musital instruments, II 169 Camp : & Co., Hainant & Son, Heinemann, Eenson ,4 Son, Van Aerschodt, Mangeuo", Pierrard Mahillon, Van Cauwelaert, the Alberts, Dietz. Printing ar.d books, 11 15]^ Circle of books and printing and of the kindred professions, Bourlard, Bou- wens, Clai'. sen, Decq, De Seyn-Verhougstraete, Hovivmaus, Hoste, Larcier, LebSgue & Co., Mert»ns, Ramlot, Van Campenhouts, Vauder .Vuvei-s, Vander- poorten Wi-is anbruch, Zech & Son, Universal Review of Mines and Jletallurgy, Vaillantcai 1 ume, Vanderghinste & Co., Bertrand, Bergerhoff Van Sassem. Scientiiio ins* rnments, II jgO Gerard ,t Co. , Oal Hannot, Wery, Rosso, Jasper Beaupied. Schiiols, II J20 National .scliool :uuseum exhibits. Secondary instnirtion, 11 jgj Morlanwi'z Iiiilustrial School, Louvain Normal School, Miss Marie de Pierpont. Sericiculture, v .gj Stationery, etc. ,11 jg™ GEKEEAL INDEX, 477^ Belgium — Continued. Exhibits— Continued. Page. Superior education, ll 138. Universities of Louvain and Brussels, Brussels Polytechnic School, (5hent School of Civil Engineering and School o£ Arts and Manufactures, Liege School of Mines, School of Arts and Manufactures and Institute of Electricity, Lou- vain School of Arts and Manufactures, School of Civil Engineers and Mines, State Veterinary School at Cureghemlez-Bruxelles, State Institution of Agricul- tiu'e at Gembloux, higher commercial school at Antwerp. Technical iuKtruction, ll J98 Vine culture in, v 313 Belleville boiler, lu 87 Bellows — Albrand, v 357 Granal Malbec, v 355 Lagleyse, v 857 Malbec, v 356 Malbec-Gilloux, v 350 Pinsard, v 358 Berger, Georges, Commissioner-General of Exposition, report on su lerior jury, 1 85 Berger, M. Aristides, installation of water wheels under great heads, lii .... 170 Berlin, general city hospital of, report of W. H. Chandler, ph. d., ii 779 Bermuda grass {Cynodon dactylon), v 739 islands, vegetable products of , v 658 Berries, canning of , v 670 Best way of spending the Treasury surplus, ll 15 Beta vulgaris, v 69 Bibby & Boron, exhibit of paper bag machine, m 60 Bichromate of potash cells (for electricity), iv 157 Binders — Continental light steel, v 288, 294 Hornsby, v 387 Howard, v 287 McCormick, v 383, 285, 393 Osborne, v 295 Piano twine, v 295 Toronto, V 293 Wood, V 384, 386, 387 Binding posts for electric wires, iv 87 reapers, competition in, v 283 Binford, James E., report on cotton industry, v 706 Bisulphide of carbon used against phylloxera, v 448 Blackberry, native to North America, v 680 Black rot of grape (Loestadia bidwellii), distri'aition of, v 793 spot of the peach (Cladosporium carpoi ': i'.uin\ v 791 rose (Aetinonema rosce), v 791 Blaine, James G., Secretary of State, introductory letter from, i yii Blake multiple jaw crusher, in 301 BlakejW. P., letter to Commissioner-Gen -ral Franklin transmitting report, i. 366 report on mineral resour 's of United States, i 363 Blight on pear, v 678 Blismts leueopterus, estimated loss frr n. v 604 Blondlot watt-hour meter, iv 219 478 GENERAL INDEX. Page Blondlot & Curie's electro meters, iv 203 Blower, Japy fan, v 360 Bcehmeria nivea, long under cultivation in the Orient, v 715 Boiron & Cozette watt-hour meter, iv 221 Boletus, edible species of , v 40 ^Bolivia exhibits — Alimentary, v 132 Drawing and modeling, n 162 Insects, V 441 Maps and apparatus, ll 189 Plan of Lake Titicaca. Medicine and surgery, ii 176 Musical instruments, ii 171 Printing and books, ii 153 Superior education, II 143 Boll worm, attacking cotton, v 708 Bolide, M. Ernest, exhibit of giant hydraulic ram, III 192 ram pump, III 198 Boney & Sons, heavy tools, in 319 Bonjour's engines, in 110 Bordeaux school of art, ii 29 Borecole, cultivation of , v 656 Borel amp<5re-hour meter, iv 224 Borner & Co.'s brick machine, in 428 cutting table for brick machine, lii 428 Boulet & Co.'s automatic brick press, in 423 tile press, in . . . 421 clay mixing mill, in 415 hand-screw press for tiles, HI 418 '•revolver " forcing machine for chimney flues, in 429 two forcing-screw brick machine, in 426 vertical flue-tOe machine, ni 430 Boulogne outer liarbor works, in 687 Bourdon, M. Eugene, exhibit of pressure gauges, in 224 Bourges school of art, n 29 Brake attachment for hoisting engines, in 277 Brandies made from marc, v 403 Brasseur's compound engines, in 107 Brault, TissHt & Gillet, exhibit of turbines, IH 169 Braye-en-Laonnois tunnel, in 642 Brazil^ Agricultural institutions of , v 158 instruction in, v 217 Exhibits: Agriculture, v jg^ Drawing and modeling. 11 jg-) M'me fie Freitas, visoouiiloas ot Cav.alcauti, Texeira. Insects, V j4^ Maps and apparatus, 11 j^g Series showing the development of Brazil, Levasseur. Medicine and surgery, u jr-g Musical instruments, 11 ji^j GENERAL INDEX. 479 Brazil — Continued , Exhibits — Continued. Page. Printing and books, ii 150 Alves & Co., Louz;inger& Son, Lambaerto & Co., " Galeria Ilustrada," Im- perial Observatory bulletins. Schools, II 137 CoUegeabilio, Ferreira, Rio Janeiro, Commission of Rio Janeiro, Commission of Pernambuco, M'me Aube, Nex de Castro ^ Scientific instruments, ii 183 Secondary instruction, ll 134 Rio Janeiro Lyceum of Arts and Trades, Baron de Maeahubas, A. M. Pinto, H. Ribeiro, Viera. Stationery, etc., ii 157 Superior education, ii 143 School of mines, Geographical Society, National Museum. Technical instruction, ii 189 Rio Janeiro Institution of Arts and Trades, Orphanages of Santa Isabel at Per- nambuco and Notre Sefiora de Esperanga at Bahia. Bread of Heaven (Acuguayaco) in Bolivia, v 133 Brequet arc lamp, iv 58 dynamo, iv 41 Brewing schools in Austria, v 198 Brick and tiles, pottery and porcelain — Chimney "wagons " or flues. III 413 Duprat's interlocking Hues. Machinery, exhibit of (Richard's review),, iii 46 Machines exhibited 414 Pinette's, Boulet & Co.'s, Joly & Fouoat's, OUagnier's, Sohmerber Brothers', J. Chambrette-Bellon's, Boruer & Co.'s. Processes of and progress in manufacture, III 411 Report of H. D. Woods, c. e. , iil 411 Brill watt-hour meter. IV 219 British Colonies, exhibits of maps and apparatus, ll 188 India, probable increased production of wheat, v 627 Broom rape as a parasite of forage plants, v 56 Brown arc lamp, iv 58 Brown, C. H. & Co.'s steam engine, iii 123 Brown & Sharpe's tool exhibit, iii 345 Brussels sprouts, little grown, v 656 Buckwheat, acreage and value of crop, v 630 cultivation in France, v 54 new Japanese, recommended by bee-keepers, v 630 Building stone, marble, slate, etc., chief localities and production of slate, i. . . 413 exhibitors of slate and granite, 1 413 produced in United States in 1S87, and value, I 411 Building and constructive ceramics, il 395 Bur clover (Medicago dentioulata), v 739 Burden, Kinsey, sr., improvement of Sea Island cotton, v 703 Burglar alarms, iv 133 Burgundy, hop-raising encouraged in, v 337 Burnettizing wood, American experiments in, II 750 Buss's speed indicators and recorders, ill 230 480 GENERAL INDEX. Page. Bussey Institution, foundation of , v 81? Buteo borealis, v 781 Butter, adulterations of , v 783 and oleomargarine, iv 571 Butter-making, v 586 Butterine, manufacture of , v ■> 549 Buttermilk appliances, v 254 C. Cabbages — Cultivation of as garden crop, v 655 Extensively raised near Chicago, v 655 French exhibit of , v 68 Prices during season, v 659 Varieties grown in garden, v 655 Cable towage for boats on canals and rivers, iii 625 Cacao, exhibits and cultivation of , v 133 Cadegal fan brake and gravity road at the Bilboa iron mines, in 292 CaU (the) works, exhibit of guns, iv 395 Calais harbor works, in 670 school of art, li 29 California, great grape region, v 679 peanut raising discontinued in, v 674 Caloptenus spretus, estimated loss by, v 604 Cambodia exhibits — Drawing and modeling, ii 164 Musical instruments, II 171 Stationery, etc. , ii 158 Vegetables, v 102 Campani's methods in making telescopes, li 217 Canada, probable increase in wheat produced, v 627 yield of wheat per acre, v 627 Canagua, v 133 Canary seed, cultivation in France, v 55 in Argentine, v 131 Cance arc lamp, iv 55 Cane fields, replanting of , v 693 Cane sugar — Annual production of , v 693 Diffusion applied to production of , v 693 Production confined to South, v 692 Vacuum boiling employed in production of , v 693 Canned fruits, centers of industry in, v 676 goods, average price of , v 6T1 Canneries, number given by States, v 670 Canning industry causes increase in prices of fruits and vegetables, v 668 history of , v 668 its development, v 669 Cantaloupes, cultivated in Fi-anoe, v 79 largely grown in Middle States, v 653 Cantharides, exhibits of , v 438 Caoutchouc, principal export of Angola, v 118 production of , v 99, US, 136 GENERAL INDEX. 481 Paee. Cape Antifer light-house apparatus, in •. " 870 Cod, a cranberry plantation, v 681 of Grood Hope, agricultural exhibit of , v 113 Verde, agricultural exhibit of , v 117 Caper, grown in southern France, v 83 Cardew volt meter, iv .• 208 Carels Bros.' compound engine, in 133 Carob, uses of , v 116 Carpentier's electrometer, IV 303 modification of Thompson's galvanometer, iv 191 Carriages, wagons, harness work, and saddlery — Exhibit of cycles and awards for, iii 62 Humber & Co., Hudge Cycle Co., gold medal; Serpolet Bros. Healy & Co.'s exhibit, in 61 Carrots, cultivation and use in France, v 74, 79 varieties grown in garder", v 654 most grown for table, v 649 Carthage, exhibit in superior education, ii 145 Cassava, grown in New Caledonia, v 103 Cast-iron projectiles, iv 273 Castolet bridge, in 783 Castor bean, best brands, v 664 cultivation of , v 663 oil of, used for medicine, etc, v 663 used in manufactures and for lubricating, v 664 Cattle- Algerian, V 96, 122. 234, 467 Angeln, v 463 Aryshire, v 583 Belgium and Holland, exhibit of , v 463 Breeds kept for beef, v 556 Breton, v 465 Care of , v 583 Dairy, kind, care, and management of , v 580 Devon, V 583 English races of , v 462 Flemish races of , v 465 French races of , v 46,') Garonnaise, v 466 Guelma or Cheurfa race of , v 467 Guernsey, v 583 Hereford, v 462 Holstein-Friesian, v 582 Improved breeds of , v 582 Increase of , v 803 In Hawaii, v 129 Jersey, V 582 Number and value in United States, v 554 On western ranches, v 560 Parthenaise, v 466 Raising and feeding, v 539^ 553 Rearing and feeding, v 123, 129, 234 Salt-roll for, v 261 H. Ex. 410 31 482 GENERAL INDEX. Cattle— Continued. Page. Shorthorn, v 461, 583 Slaughtering at Chicago houses, v 543 Transportation of , v 540 Cattle and swine rearing and feeding in the United States, report of Geo. E. Morrow, V 553 Cauderay-Fregar watt-hour meter, iv 317 Cauliflower, localities suited to growth of , v 655 prices always high, v 659 Cedar apples {Oyvmosporangiuvi maeropus), v 790 (^edrat, or grape-fi-uit, v 683 Celery, amount grown near Kalamazoo, Mich , v 656 exhibition of , v 83 varieties grown, v 656 Cellars, for wine making, v 376 Cells for large output of electricity, TV 167 small electric currents, IV 173 of the Leclanche type, iv 170 Centrifugal pumps, ill 180 Centui-y plant, fiber from leaves utilized, v , 730 Cepe, edible mushroom, v 40 Ceramics — Building and constructive ceramics, il 395 Customs duties on porcelain and faiences, ii 396 Enamels, ii 304 Exhibits of Austria-Hungary, 11 301 Belgium, n 301 China, U 303 Denmark, 11 801 France, 11 399 Great Britain, n 300 Holland, n 301 Italy, II 301 Japan, 11 303 Monaco, 11 301 the national manufactory of Serres. II 397 United States, 11 303 Grosse porcelain, 11 299 Industrial porcelain, 11 3q2 Mosaics, n gO^ "Nouvelle Porcelain," 11 ggr^ Number of exhibitors, II 29g Report of David Urquhart, jr., II ggg Ci'irnKpora gnsKi/piiw, Y ,.gg < Cereal production, progress, v gQ3 product.s, crops comprising largest proportion of, v 630 „ , . _ of United States, report of Geo. W'm. Hill, v 619 Average jiroduction of , v Cost of production in North Dakota, v ' \ Diseases threatening, v 803 630 6:v:3 Exhibits and cultivation, v ;{,-,, 44, 45, ST, 93, 94 ioG 109 ill 116 List of , V ' ' ' I'er capita, produce of , v Statistics of, V . . . 861 . , 803 )7, 87. V.?o GENERAL INDEX, 483 Page. Cereals and farinaceous products, iv 469 Ceret bridge, m 789 Chalk battery (Edison) thermogenerator, iv 230 Chambrette-Ballon, J., automatic tile press, in 4S1 hub-pipe piston machine, in 431 small drain pipe machine, in 482 Champagne — Combining 414 Fining 414 First bottling 418 Gathering and pressing grapes for 413 Grapes used in nmking 413 History and manufacture of 411 Manipulation of bottles '. 418 Measuring pressure of gas in bottles 417 Racking 415 Rebottling 419 Removal of lees from 419 Sugaring 416 Treatment of must 412 w^ith tannin 414 Winter treatment ' 413 Champigny's V-grooved pulley for wire ropes, in 377 Chandler, W. H., ph. d. , f. c. s., reports on — Appliances and products of methods employed for the preservation of wood, II 715 Chemical and pharmaceutical products, n 539 Construction of chemical laboratories, n 679 Hygiene and public charities, ll 757 Products of mining and metallurgy, ii 401 Textile fabrics, wearing apparel, and accessories, ll 335 Changes in types of photographic lenses, n 201 Charon, Louis, gas engine, in 143 Chateau. {See Wine estate.) Chatillon & Commentry's exhibit of war material, iv 337 Chaudron thermogenerator, iv 339 Chauffage, v 401 Chaux-de-Fonds, description of water supply of , in 157 Cheese, IV 584 Cheese-making, V 589 apparatus, v 256 Cheese-press, the Caison, in France, v 256 Cheesman, James, report of dairy products, iv 616 Chemical manufactures, awards to United States exhibitors of , lii 27 relative value of exhibits, in 37 methods of bleaching and dyeing, n 649 Chemical and pliarmaceutical products — Agricultural products not used as food, ll 648 Oils, fats, waxes. Alkali manufacture, n 557 Artificial silk, ii , 607 Chemical methods of bleaching and dyeing, ii 649 Chlorine, electric bleacMng, indophenol and gallocyanine (new dyes). 484 GENERAL INDEX. Chemical and pharmaceutical products— Continued. Page- Exhibits of Belgium, ii ^^< ^'^^ Fr^Lce,!! 540,675 French Colonies, li ^^ Great Britain, n 555, 675 Japan, li ^^ Nom'ay, ii ^^ South America, ii ^^^ Switzerland, II 610,643 United States, li 543, 675 Explosives, u ^^^ Fertilizers of organic or mineral origin, li 671 Gelatin, glue, boneblaok, and phosphorus, ii 608 General chemical products, fine chemicals, etc. , li 590 India rubber and gutta-percha, ll 619 Leather and skins, li 667 Pharmaceutical products, ii 630 Pigments, paints, and varnishes, II 624 Products of forest growth and industry, li 647 petroleum distillation, li 643 Report of Prof. Spencer B. Newbury, n 529 Soaps, glycerine, and stearine, ll 610 Sulphur and its dei'ivatives, li 535 Sulphuric acid, ll 547 Cherry, Bigarreau and Kentish varieties, v 678 Morello class, v 678 rot (Monilia fnictigena), v 792 Chervil, as seasoning herb, v 657 Chicory— As a substitute for coffee, iv 708 Coffee, cultivation of , v 81,657 Cultivation in France, v 81 Belgium, v 107 Grown for salad, v 657 Chile- Agricultural instruction in, v '2'iO Exhibits : Agriculture, v 134 Drawing and modeling, ii 163 Maps and appai-atus, ll 190 Medicine and surgery, ll 176 Musical instruments, ii 171 Printing and books, il 153 Schools, II 127 Ladies^ school at Sautiagro. Secondary instruction, ii 135 Stationery, etc. , ll 157 Superior education, ll 14;? School of arts and trades, University of Chile. Chilean Commissioner to tlie Exposition, Julio Besnard, Santiago. Technical instruction, ii 199 Professional school tor girls at Santiago. National society of agriculture, v 159, ".J-O Probable increase in wheat produced, v 1)07 Statistics of , v 021 GENERAL INDEX. 485 Page. Chimney " wagons" or flues, ill 413 China, exhibits of ceramics, Ii 302 furniture and accessories, ll 295 Cliinch bug, estimated damage by, v 604 Chlorophyll, a substitute for copper salts, v 37 Churns, descriptions and figures, v 251 Cichorium endivia sylvestHs, cultivation of , v 81 intybus, cultivation of , v 81 Cider- Appliances, V 238 Industry, v 790 IV 526 in France, importance of , v 526 Presses, exhibits of , v 289 French, v 339 new continuous, v 244 rotating, v 339 universal paralellogram, v 241 Production, v 526 Cigarettes , increase in manufacture of, v 732 Cinchona, exhibited from Ecuador, v 136 Cinnamon, in Anam, v 102 Circular letter from Secretary of State to governors of States and Tei-rito- ries, I XVII and jig saws, for metal, iii 333 Circulars, forms, and regulations, l 323 of information for the jury in general mechanics, furnished by exhibitors, lii ... 74 Citrus fruits, v 683 Citrus pomelanus, introduced from West Indies, v 688 City hospital of Antwerp, report of W. H. Chandler, ph. d., ii 771 Civil engineering, public works, and architecture — Bridges and viaducts, lii 745 Steel bridge at Rouen on the Seine, reconstruction of the roadway of the suspension bridge at Toumoy-Charente, lifting bridge at La Villette (Paris), Garabit Viaduct, Gour-Noir Viaduct, viaduct over the river Tardes, consolidation of the side slopes at La Plante, tunnel through Cabres Pass, Cubzac bridge over the Dordogne, Crueize Viaduct, Castalet, Antoinette and Laveur bridges, crossing of the Garonne at Mar- monde, Oloron railway bridge, Gravona bridge. Civil construction and architecture. III 801 Specimens of iron construction in Paris, Eiffel tower, machinery hall (Exposition place), HydrauUc engineering — rivers and canals, iii 553 Hydraulic canal lifts at Les Fontinettes, France, and at La Louvi6re, Belgium; mov- able dam at Suresneon the Seine; Marly dam on the Seine; lock at Bougival and its hydraulic working appliances; movable dam at Poses on the Seine; movable fish- way at Port-Mort dam on the Seine; Torcy-Neuf reservoir for feeding the Central canal; high-lift locks on the Central canal; cable towage for boats on canals and rivers; tow- age by submerged chain with flreless engine; pump system for supplying the canal from the Marne to the Rhine and the Eastern canal, France; oscillating bridge over the Dames canal lock; balanced gates on the Rhone and Cette canal; Braye-en-Laon- nois tunnel; navigation of the Seine from Paris to the sea; embankment works for the improvement of the tidal Seine. Introduction and acknowledgments, ill... 551 Light-houses, in 864 At Planier, at Port Vendres, apparatus for lighting at Cape Antif er, improvements in oil apparatus, improvements in other methods of lighting, acoustic signals, illumi- nation by gasoline of buoys and beacons, graphic method of quadrature. 486 GENEKAL INDEX, Civil engineering, public works, and architecture — Continued. Page. Report of William Watson, ph. d., hi 551 Tidal, coast, and harbor works, in 670 Calais harbor, outer harbor at Bologne, Feilot lock at Havre, iron wave-breaker on the breakwater at the south side of the outer harbor of Havre, single gate of the Taucarville lock, canal from Havre to Taiicarville, slipway at Rouen for repair of ships. Port of Honfleur, traversing bridge over dock locks at St. Malo-St. Servan, hydraulic works and pneumatic foundation at Genoa, foundation of the jetties at La Pallice, port of Eochelle. Weights and measures in French, converted into English equivalents, ill . 545 Cladonporium carpophilum, v 791 sp., V 790 Clanny's safety lamp, iii 283 Clapp-GrifRths process for producing iron, ll 413 Clark, A. Howard, expert commissioner, report on alimentary products, rv. . 455 Clark, H. C. , report on meat industries, v 539 Clark, W. A., history of sea-island cotton, v 703 Clarman-Carpentier thermo-generator, iv 230 Classic influence, decline of , ii 22 Classification, synopsis of , i 258 Classification of — Exhibits in general mechanics, iii 73 Group J, It 2 11,11 114 ni, II 290 IV, II 334 V, II 399 Machinery exhibits, iii H Sewing and clothing machines, in 33 Classified catalogue of United States exhibits, l 261 exhibits in the art department, 11 105 and awards in products of mining and metallurgy, 11 403 exhibitors of, and prizes for, textile fabrics, wearing apparel, and accessories, ix 33g Claude multiple telegraph system, iv 114 Clayton, B. F. , report on viticulture in United States, v (i!S5 Climax nozzle, use of, v qh Clocks and watches, report on of David Urquhart, jr. n 318 Clover (Trifolium), v 1^39 use and cultivation in France, v 55 Clubs, agricultural, V j^5 Coal- Coke ovens for preservation of ammonia and tar, ii 404 Exhibitors of, i .,-0 Production of, by countries. 11 4Q3 in United States, in 1S8T-"IS8, i 373 Coal-transferring plant at Eleu, in 099 Cochineal, displays of , v .go Cockchafer, Fi-ench syndicate to combat, v / I43 Cockerill blowing engine for blast furnaces, ill .....!...., 304 Cocoa industry, iv .. o ( !ocoanut, successfully grown in Florida, V ns-s Coffee— Chicoi-y, cultivation of , v gj GENERAL INDEX. 487 Coffee— Continued. ^^^e. Culture in Madagascar, v lOf* Martinique, v 105 New Caledonia, v . . . 103 Sandwich Islands, v 139 Exhibits and cultivation of , v 117, 139, 133 Industry, iv 700 Coinage of gold and silver at United States mints in 1888, 1 418 silver, and copper in Mexico, 1873 to 1888, I 423 Mexico from establishment of mints in 1534, i 423 Coke ovens for preservation of ammonia and tar, ll 404 Jameson, Cowes, Simon Cowes, Hoffman. Collard, grown mostly for stock, v 656 Colleges, agricultural, v 317 Colman, Norman J., first Secretary of Agriculture, v 827 Coloring electrically, ly 153 Colson, R., report on "Photograph without an objective," the pinhole cam- era, u 207 Colombia, United States pf , agricultural exhibit of , v 135 Colza, cultivation of, v 86, 116, 120 Comices, or agricultural clubs, v 145 Commerce, external, development of , v 808 of the United States, foreign, 1887-1889, v 807 Commercial statistics of alimentary products, iv 456 Comores Island, agricultural products of , v 100 Compagnie B6na-Guelma (Algeria-Tunis) exhibit, ill 463 des Chemins de Fer du Nord exhibit, in 459 Sud exhibit, in 461 Omnibus et Tramways de Lyons, exhibit, in 466 Frangaise des moteurs a Goz exhibit, in 134 General des Voitures, v 261 Internationale des wagons lits exhibit, in 462 Comparative composition of American and European beef, report of Chas. D. Woods, V ... 593 Compound volt meter, iv 213 Compressed-air railway motors, m 504 Comstock lode — Assessments and dividends, 1 387 Operations on, in 1888, i 385 Relative value of gold and silver of , i 386 Total production of silver of, i 386 Concentric poles telephone receiver, iv 123 Concord, leading variety of grape, v 679 Condiments, adulterations of , v 785 Condition of art in South and Central America, ii 96 Congo exhibits — Drawing and modeling, II 165 Musical instruments ,11 171 Secondary instruction, li 136 Stationery, etc. , ll 158 Congress, joint resolution of, authorizing the printing of the report, i ix Connecticut experiment station, first in United States, v 818 success of , V 819 Consel'vatoire des Arts et Metiers, v 19Q 488 GENERAL INDEX. Page. Consolidation of the side slopes of La Plante, iii 771 Constant alternating current transformer, iv 50 Construction of chemical laboratories, report of W. H. Chandler, ph. d., ii. . . 679 Kent Laboratories of Yale College; Kidder Laboratory of Massachusetts Institute of Teclinology; Laboratory of Cornell University; Laboratory of the Federal Polytechnic School, Zurich, Switzerland; Laboratories of Lehigh University. Consumption of gas in France, n 328 natural gas, I 409 Contades dynamo, iv 44 Continuous current transformer, IV 51 Converter voltmeter, iv 212 Copper — Amount produced annually in the United States from 1882 to 1887, i . . . . 390 Average price a pound of lake at New York from 1860, i 393 Electrolytic process for producing, ii 440 Exhibitors of (with notes of production), i 394 II 443 Ch. Martin & Co., L. Letrange & Co., Soci6t6 Anonyme du Metal Delta et des Alli- ages MetalUques, MotheUn & Garnifir, Eschger, Ghesqui6re & Co., Soci6t6 Auonj-me des Mines et Fonderies de Pont Gibaud, France; B. H. Camp & Co., United States. Exports of from United States from 1867, i 392 Imports of into United States from 1867, i 392 Mahnes process for pi-oducing, ll 440 Parrot Silver and Copper Company of Butte, Mont., description of works, II 443 Production of by countries, il 402 and sources of from 1882 to 1887, i 390 "Welsh process for producing, li 440 Copper preservatives of wood, American experiments with, n 750 Corn — Average export, v 802 yield and price, v 802 Distribution in the United States (table), v 799 Indian, crop of United States, v 623 fodder for cattle, v 584 Or maize, sweet, v 634 Pop, in the United States, v 634 Production and export of (table), v 802 Salad, frequently on market, v 657 Cornell University, chemical laboratories, report of W. H. Chandler, PH. D. , II. . 703 Cornely, E., exhibit of the ' Couso-Brodeur " machine. III 38 CorfKS ainerifdinis, v -jf^O Cost of conii)ressing air for mine drills. III 269 jmidut'tion of silver in the United States, i 384 transmitting power, tables by Col. Turrettini, III 161 Costa Rita, agricultural exhibit of , v I35 Cotton — Abandoned in Algeria, v I33 Algerian, v . o- '^ 0( American, history of, v cgs Eultivntion of , v r-Qg Exhibits of , v (.qr and cultivation v^7 l.>(( j^.i jg^ History of cultivation of, v --06 GENERAL LNDEX. 489 Cotton— Continued. r*S»- In seed, v -< 697 Increase of crop, v 801 Machinery used in preparation of v 709 Picking of , V 709 Production and export of , v 805 Proportion of product exported, v 805 Raw, samples exhibited, v 705 Sea island, history of , v 703 varieties, with per cent of lint, v 704 Cotton bagging, manufacture of , v 705 crop, value of , v 710 industry, report of James E. Binford. v 706 leaf bUght, {Cercospora gossypina), v 689 lint, V 702 louse, attacking cotton, v. . . . , 708 manufacture, v 704 plant, diseases of , v 701 insects attacking, v 707 Cotton and tobacco, distribution of , v 801 Cotton thread and fabrics, review of A. Van Bergen, ii 343 G-rand. prize winners; Gros Roman, Ch. Mieg, Hartman & Son, Dollfus Mieg& Co., France; Asoph Baranoflf & Co., BaranofE Manufacturing Company, Zahar Morosoff, jr., Russia; Ryland & Son, England; Belgian Spinning Company, Parmentier Van Hoegaerdeu, Belgium; Henri Kunz, Switzerland; Parallada & Co., Espafia Industrial, Spain. Cotton worm, estimate of damage by, v 604 Ave years to investigate, v 605 Cotton-oil lard, v 706 Cotton-seed oU, v 705 sold as " huUe d'olive," v 705 Count de Chardonuet, process for manufacture of artificial silk, report of Charles Richard Dodge, ii 526 Count de Chardonuet, process for manufacture of artificial silk, report of Prof. Spencer B. Newbury, ii 607 Couplings for electric line wire, IV 86 Cow peas (Doliohos' sinensis), v 739 yield by States, v 641 Cox & Scarlett's process of polishing glasses, ii 319 Crab grass {Panieum sanguinale), v 739 Cranberries, shipped to Europe, v 681 where cultivated, v 681 Creameries, United States, statistics of , v 571 Cream-raisers, consideration of , v 349 Credit, agricultural institutions of , v 141 Creosoting wood, American experiments in, ii 753 Cress, as salad, v 657 water, culture of, v 83 Crisis ia agriculture, v 499 Crompton arc lamp, IV 59 dynamo, iv 36 Crossing of the Garonne at Marmonde, masonry caisson, iii 792 Crossley Bros., Otto gas engine, iii I49 Crow (Corvus americanus), stomacli contents of, v 780 Crueiza viaduct, iii 781 490 GENERAL INDEX. Page. Cruto incandescent lamp, IV. 65 Cryptophone, iv 131 Cubzac bridge over the Dordogne, iil 775 Cucumbers, earliest shipments, v 659 prices of , v 659 succeeds in all parts of United States, v 653 Cneumis melo, French exhibit of , v 77 sativus, French exhibit of , v 79 Cucurbita citrullus, French exhibit of , v 79 lagenaria, French exhibit of , v 79 maxima, French exhibit of , v 76 m.elanosperm,a, French exhibit of, v 77 mosehata, French exhibit of , v 76 pepo, Fi-ench exhibit of , v 76 Curculio, the plum, v 678 Cmrrant industry of Greece, v 112 the regions best adapted to, v 681 Cuscuta, parasitic on forage plants, v 56 Customs duties on porcelains and f aciences, ii 296 Cuvage, or fermentation of the grape, v 377 relation of temperature to, v 387 Cuve, Ferrague, v 387 Ferret, v 384 Cuvelier's hydraulic fastening for safety lamps, ni 284 Cuves, or fermentation vats, v . . , 382 Cyclone nozzle, description of , v 610 Cynara scolymus, French exhibit of , v 68 Cynodon dactylon, v 739 D. Dairy appliances, exhibit of , v 047 cattle. (See Cattle.) education, v 592 Dairy industry — Condition of, in France, v 507 In the several States, v 573 Of the United States, v ■■■■... ...^. ...... . 577 Recommendations of international congress, v 528 Report by H. W. Wing, v 5-7 Products, production and export of , v 579 Dairymen's association, v 500 Dairying — Amlierst Cooperative Creamery, v j^gg Associated in New England, v -,.- lessons of experience, v -,-n Schuylersville Creiuiiery, V rjj.cj Statistics of , V .^j ,._„ Dandelion, cultivation in France, v i^o Dandoy, Maillard & Co.'s vertieul spindle milling maeliine, in 320 Dapont, Gideon, introducer of water culture of rice, v ^ ! ! ! ! ! ! 635 Uarr, John, death of , v ,„» Ddsi/lcridii (jramitiifoli 1(1)1, fiber from, exhibited, v 701 Dates, cultivation of, v si) qa GENERAL INDEX. 491 Page. Dates, tried in California and Arizona, v 683 Davis Sewing Machine Company's exhibit, iii 37 Davy's safety lamp, m 379 Davey, Paxmant & Co.'s engine, lii 135 Debie, M., exhibit of millboard making machines, in 49 De Caux, M., sketch of the dyeing industry, ll 659 Deck, M., introduction of grosse porcelain, li 399 Decline of classic influence, ll 33 Decorated papers — Exhibits of France, ii 309 Great Britain, li 310 Japan, II 311 the United States, li 310 Observations by Mr. Shope, the American juror, li 309 Report of David Urquhart, jr., II 308 Decorations bestowed on account of the United States, i 447 Legion of Honor, officers of public instruction, officers of the academy, agricultural merit. Decour's centrifugal pumps at Brest, III 189 Decree of the President of the French Republic, opening the Exposition, I. . . 179 Decuvage, in wine-making, v 388 D6herain, M., heard before international congress of agriculture, v 500 Delalande amperemeter, iv 210 Delamare-DeboutteviUe & Malandui's " Simplex" gas engine, in 137 Delcambre composing machine, III 53 De Moor's exhibit of bolt and nut machinery, in 340 De Nayer boiler, in 84 Denmark exhibits — Agriculture, v 107 Art department, n 57 Michael Ancher, Otto Bache, Peter Severin Kroyer, L. Tuxeu, Mme. Ancher, Bren- dekilde, HammershBj, Henningsen, Jendorff, Johansen, Mols, Niss, Paulsen, N. K. Sbovgaard, Therkildsen, Wegmann, and Zahrtmaun. Ceramics, ii 301 Fabrique Royale de Porcelain of Copenhagen. Drawing and modeling, n 163 Bund of Copenhagen. Furniture and accessories, ii 294 Maps and apparatus, n 190 Meteorological section, ii 271 J. A. Neergaard of Copenhagen, Capt. E. Rung. Printing and books, n 153 Schools, II 128 Sloejd Fsreningen, N. C. Rom. Scientific instruments, ll 183 Secondary instruction, n 135 Stationery, etc. , ll 157 Technical instruction, ii 199 Department of Agriculture — Appropriations for (1890) , v 843 Duties of officers of, v 829 Establishment of , v 817, 835 History of , v 833 Investigation by, of sorghum as sugar-producing plant , v 692 Officers of , V 838 492 GENEKAL INDEX. Page. Deprez dynamo, iv 39 Deprez-Carpentier amperemeter, iv 207 Deprez-d'Arsonval galvanometer, IV 193 Derriey. M. Jules, exhibit of embroidering machine, ni 40 Desrozier dynamo, iv 33 Desruelles amperemeter, iv 208 Development of external commerce, v 808 Deville-Castuer process for producing sodium and potassium, ii 463 Deville-Chatel & Co.'s compound engine with Fricart's gear, m 115 ' ' Dewberries" ripen before blackberries, v 680 Dietaries of different peoples, v 808 Dietary standards, v 808 Diffusion introduced in manufacture of sugar, v 693 Dijon school of art, ii 29 Diplex telegraph system, iv 110 Direct-acting steam pumps, iii 174 Discoveries of salt in New York and Kansas, I , 407 Discovery of nickel ores in Oregon, 1 405 Diospyros kaki, introduced from Japan, v 684 Diseases, agricultural — Anthracnose, v 353 Black rot, v 350 Cryptogamio, V 349 Downy mildew, v 349 Oldium, or powdery mildew, v 352 Of fungous plants, v 789 the vine, v 349 PouxTidie, v 354 White rot, v 351 Display of general mechanics in United States section, and awards, iii 71 Distilling, agricultural, v 5'>3 instruction in, v 206 Distributers of fertilizers, v 267, 371 Distribution of — Corn-raising in the United States, v 799 Foreign members of superior jury by countries and classes, i 95 Oats in United States, v 800 Wheat-raising in United States, v 799 Distribution and value of awards in general mechanics, in 72 Dividends declared on mining operations, by States, 1884 to 1888. i 420 paid by certain American mines to 1888, 1 418 Dodder, parasitic, on forage plants,v l,-)6 Dodge, Charles Richard, reports on— Flax industry in Belgium, 11 , 508 and hemp industry in France, 11 49:3 Manufacture of artificial srlk, 11 526 Ramie field trials of, 1889, 11 " 578 Textile fibers of tli<> United States, v 695 Dodge, J. R., report on statistics of agriculture in the United States, v 797 DoUchos sinensis, v i^gq Domaine de la Donneterie, v 03^ (le I'Enflda, v qo de Noisiel, v ,,..^ GENEEAL INDEX. 493 Dominican Republic exhibits — Page. Agriculture, V 135 Drawing and modeling, ii 163 Musical instruments, li 171 Scientific instruments, II 183 Donations of exhibits made by United States exhibitors, i 45S Dondey pea-sheller, v 806 Double diaphragm telephone receiver, iv 122 Downy mildew, v 349 of the grape (Peronospora viticola), v 793 Draft horses, exhibit of , v 476 Drawing and modeling — Exhibits of Belgium, ll. 161 Brazil, n 162 France, ii 159 Great Britain, li 162 Switzerland, il 162 the United States, ll 160 various countries, li 162 Drill fluting machines, ill 325 grinder, iii 342 press, table, and vise, ill 320 Drills— A paquet, of M. Albert, V 272 Beet, V 270 Japy grain, v 273 Trials of , v 268 Wheat, seed, and manure, v 271 Dubois & Francois's air compressor, in 268 Dulac's boiler with Field tubes, ni • 91 Dulait's arc lamp, iv. . .' 62 dynamo, iv , 43 Duplex telegraph system, iv 110 Durand, J., report on Eiggs' collection of armor, i 169 Durozoi's ram pump, in 196 Dutch colonies, agricultural exhibit of , v 1 14 Dyeing industry, sketch of, by M. De Caux, ii 659 Dynamos, rv 21 E. Earth pear, cultivation and use of , v 75 Ecole des Beaux Arts, course of study at, 11 26 closing of the school, 11 27 history of , II 27 Ecoles maternelles (kindergartens) in France, 11 117 Economic ornithology and mammalogy, report of C. Hart Merriam, v 779 Ecuador exhibits — Agricultui-e, V 135 Drawing and modeling, 11 163 Secondary instruction, 11 135 Superior education, 11 I43 Edison amperemeter, iv 210 ampere-hour meter, iv 223 494 GENERAL INDEX. Page. Edison dynamo, iv incandescent lamp, iv "* system of transmitting electricity, iv 69 voltmeter, iv ^^^ volt indicator, iv 213 Edoux elevator, iii ^^ Education, agricultural, in the United States, v 809 exhibits, lists of , v 8'i'8 of young children, ii ^^'^ Education and liberal arts, report of Arthur J. Stace, commissioner, ii 115 present condition of , ll 194 Egg-plant, cultivation of, in France, v 69 related to tomatoes, v 652 requirements, v 653 Eggs of birds, reptiles, etc. , IV 592 Egrappage. (See Stemming.). Egrappoir, GaiUot's rotating, v 378 Egypt exhibits, agriculture, v 126 schools, II 128 Normal school of Cairo. probable increased production of wheat, v 637 Eiflfel Tower, construction of , ni . 1 806 hydraulic elevators, in 199 Electric accumulators of the Faure type, iv 182 Plan te type, rv 179 other types, iv 188 bells, IV 134 bleaching, iv 153 clocks and time distribution, IV 135 domestic apparatus, iv 137 gas lighting, IV 136 lock, IV 149 loom arrester, iv 148 machine for voting, IV 149 organ, iv 142 production of sulphate of copper, rv 154 recording and indicating apparatus, iv 149 reproduction of engravings, iv 153 treatment of li(iuors, iv 155 tricycle, iv 149 welding, iv 90 Electrical measuring instr\unents and scientific apparatus — Am j)erf meters and voltmeters, iv 307 Deprez-Carpentier, riesriielles, Ayrtnn, Perry, Cardew, Alioth, Woodhouse & Rawson, Edison. D.^ Lalande. Thomson-Houston, Thomson (Elihu) electrometer form, Thomson (Sir William) converter, compound, Lippmaun, recording. Electrometers, iv 203 Carpeutier, Mascart, Blondlet & Curie. Lippmann. Electro-dynamometers, iv 301 Galvanometers, iv 190 Thomson, Carpentier, Deprez-d'Ai-souval, Weidmann, heat, pocket, accessories. Meters, iv 316 Watt-hour— Cauderay-Fi*Hgar, Bloudlot, Brille, Ai-on, Boiron ,!t Cozette; ampere hour— Hookham, Jacquemier, Edison, Alioth, Heinrich & Mulbeiger, Thomson, Borel; time— Aubert. GENERAL INDEX. 495 Electrical measuring instruments and scientific apparatus — Continued. Page. Miscellaneous measuring instruments and apparatus, iv 834 Staadard cell, pyrometer, photometer, magnetic and fluid bridges, taximeter, Thomson (Elihu) apparatus, influence machine, Geissler & Crook's tubes, speed register. Resistance boxes, iv 204 Electricity, report of Carl Hering, iv 9 Electrometer form of amperemeter, iv 210 Electroplating and galvanoplastic exhibits, iv 150 Electro-chemistry — Accumulators, rv 175 Electro-metallurgy, iv 156 Electroplating and galvanoplastics, iv 150 Exhibits— Iron oxide plating, plated zinc, accessories, coloring electrically, reproduc- tion ot engravings, production of sulphate of copper, bleaching, treatment of liquors. Primary batteries, iv 156 Bichromate of potash cells, other cells for large output, cells of the Leclanche type, cells for small currents, miscellaneous. Electro-dynamics — Accessories, iv 78 Automatic regulators, lightning arresters, autornatic safety cut-offs and fuses, switches, couphngs for wires, binding posts, miscellaneous. Arc lamps, iv 53 Series system, multiple lamps, feeding of the carbons, Cance, Bardon, Pieper, Mar- quaire, Brequet, Aboilard, Brown, Henrion, Crompton, Thomson-Houston, Thomson, Jablochkoff, Sautter, Lamonnier & Company, Meritens, Le Blon, Puvillard, Arnould, Dulait, Alioth. Dynamos, iv 21 High and low tension, direction of development, field magnets, armatures, brushes, bearings and oilings, exhibits by countries, kilowatt, comparative data, watts per pound, price per kilowatt, jury tests ; continuous current machines — Oerlikon, Rech- niewski, Desrozier, Thury, Edison, French Edison Company, Crompton, Belfort, Thomson-Houston, Miot, Deprez, Gramme, Sautter-Lemonnier, Brequet, Pieper, Zurich, Jaspar, Dulait, Henrion, Sperry, Perret, Postel-Vinay, Gerard, Oontades; alternating current machines— Thomson-Houston, Ferranti, Heissler, Maiche; acces- sories. . Incandescent lamps, iv 62 Dsvelopment, Edison, French Edison Company, Sevan, Gabriel, Lodyguine, Cruto, GSrard, Khotinsky, Sunbeam, Pieper. Installations, iv 74 Lighting of the Exposition, lighting of Paris, statistics. Miscellaneous applications of electrical energy, iv 90 Welding, Thomson's process, Bemado's process, magnetic separators or sorters, illuminated fountains. Systems of transmission and distribution, iv 67 Incandescent lamp, arc lamp, power transmission and motor distribution, railroad, Edi3on, Thomson, Heissler, multiple series, accujiulator, transformer, Thomson com- pensating, long distance, Oerlikon, electrical railway systems. Transformers, iv 49 Alternating current, constant alternating current, Jablochkoff candle, continuous current. Electro-dynamometers, iv 201 Electro-metallurgy, iv 156 Elevator rake, description of , v 290 Ellington's hydraulic balance elevator, lii 209 Ellsworth, Henry L,, interest in agriculture, v 832 Embankment works for the improvement of the tidal Seine, iii 651 Embroidering machines, exhibits of , ill 38 Enamels, ll 304 Endive, cultivation of , v 81 496 GENERAL INDEX, Page. Endive, for fall and winter use, v 657 English railway rolling-stock exhibits- London, Brighton and South Coast Company, iii 474 London and Northwestern Company, in 477 Midland Company, m 481 North London Company, in 476 Southeastern Company, in 475 English sparrow, annual increase of , v 779 spread of , v 779 Engravings by French artists, n 49 Enjalbert's automatic camera, ii 204 Ensilage — Blunt automatic system of, v 337 Crops used as, v 237 Culture and harvesting, v 743 Exhibit of,v 741 Johnson system of , v 325, 236 Systems of , v 234 Entomologists, economic, in United States, v 611 staff of, in United States Department of Agriculture, v 613 National Museum, v 612 Entomology, economic — American literature on, v 604 List of exhibits, v 854 State and experiment stations, v 613 Present status in United States, v 611 Entomosporium maculatum, v 790 Epidendr on vanilla, cultivation in Reunion, v 97 Brinose ( Phytoptiis vitis), v 798 Ervum lens, French exhibit of , v 67 Escher, Wyss & Co.'s engines, III 130 exhibit of Girard turbines in use at Chaux de Fonds. 156 Jonval turbines in use at Genoa, in 156 Estienne telegraph system, iv 101 Estimated and actual cost of exposition buildings, operations, etc, i 315 Eucalyptus globuhts at Monaco, v 116 Euohloma luxiirians as a forage plant, v 56 European dietaries, v 808 Euston, Alex., statistics of castor bean indnstiv. v 663 Evrard, Alfred, process for tempering steel plates, with tests, iv 2ii-l Exhibitors, circular of announcement to. (Appendix l), v S.")! in retrospective exhibit of Fi-ench art, ll 98 Painters in oil: David, Manet; Daubipny, 0. F •, Courbet, Fromentin, Cabanel, Bras- cassat. Baudry, Drolling, Mme. Lebrun, Veniet, Watteau. Prud«hon, Girodet, Gerard, Gros, Guerin, Ingres, Coignet, Gfirioault, Corot, Delai-oche, Delacroix, Isabey, Diaz, Troyon, Rousseau, T.; Millet, Muller, Couture. De Neuville, Reguault, Eastien Lepage, DScbamps, Duprg, Bonheur, Bonnat, Bougnereau, Breton, Carolus-Duran, Cazin, Chaplin, Collin, F. Cormon, Dagnan-BouTeret, Detaille.Duez, Franjais, G6rome, Gervex, Harpignies, Herbert, Henner, Humbert, Laui-ens, Lefebvi-e, Lberraitte Luminas, Maig- nan, Meissonier, Morot, Pelouse, Pointelin, Puvis de Cbavannes, Roll, Tattegrain, Weber, Ziem, Zuber, Barrias, Bloch, Bordes, Boutigny, Bramtot, Brouillet, CaiTifre, Chartran, CbJgot, Clairin, Dawant, Delabaye, Dubois, Ferrier, Friant, GeoiTroy. Giaco- motti, Gilbert, Giradot, Humbert, Jean-Niuot, Krug, Lagarde, Le Blaut, Le Poittevin. Lesur, Maillaril, Merson, Montenard, Moreau de Tom-s, Perraudau, Perret, Roche- gosse, Roy, Saiutpierre, Tissot, and Weerts. GENERAL INDEX. 497 Exhibitors, etc.— Continued. Page. Painters in water colors and drawings: Barye, Baudry, Boilly, Coignet, Courbet, Cou- ture, Doumier, David, Decamps, Delacroix, Dutertre, Fraeonard, Sarvami, G6rard, GSricault, Grandville, Jfagres, Isabey, Johannot, Millet, de Neuville, Prud6hon, Begnault, A. Vemet, Watteau. Sculptor: Houdon. Architectural draftsmen: Brougniart, Cassas, Fontaine, Baltard, Percier. Engravers, lithographers, and etchers: Bonnat, Flameng, Achllle and Jules Jac- quet,Meissonier, Bouvin, Corot, Daubigny, Decamps, Delacroix, Jacquemart, Manet, Proudfehon, T. Bosseau. Exhibitions of live stock, report of C. V. Riley and Amory Austin, v 461 Exhibits of the city of Paris in hygiene and public charities, report of W. H. Chandler, PH. D.. II 757 General hospitals, special hospitals, school of midwifery, asylums and houses of ref- uge, establishments of general service. Expenditures of Foreign Commissions at Paris, i 222 United States Commission, I 455 Experiment stations- Act of 1887, T 820 Bill establishing, V 817 Chronology of organization, v 846 Establishment by various States, v 819 Financial condition of , v 821 Great value of , v 821 National aid for, v 819 Number of workers and revenues of , v 847 Officers of , V 821 Experimental farms, stations, etc, v 154 Explosives, report of Prof. Spencer B. Newbury, ii 604 Gunpowder, gun cotton, explosives containing nitroglycerine, explosives containing other organic uitro compounds, dynamite. Export and product of cotton, v 805 com,v 803 hog products, v 805 wheat, V 803 Exports from the United States of — Copper from 1867. 1 392 Domestic merchandise, 1887-"88, v 807 Fresh beef, v 804 Lead, from 1867, 1 .397 Mineral oils in 1887-'88, i 409 Roofing slate in 1887-'88, i 413 Silver in 1887-88 to China, Japan, The Straits, etc., l 423 Extent of art influence in France, ii 10 Faba vulgaris, cultivation in France, v 66 Fairs, butchers', v 1,52 regional, v 153 Farcot's centrifugal pumps at Kahtetbeh, Egypt, iii 181 engines, m 104 Farm, model, of M. Armand Moi&sant, v 231 Farm animals, improvement of , v 804 increase of , v ,. 803 buildings , v 9,5 H. Ex. 410 32 498 GENERAL INDEX. Page. Farm improvements and agricultural work, report of C. V. Riley and Amory Austin, iii 231 labor, average wages of , v 807 machinery, v 365 products, increase of values, v 806 prices of 806 Farms for experimental purposes, v 154 in United States, size of , v 797 Faure, M. Pierre P., exhibit of porcelain machines, in 46 Fay, J. A. & Co. , exhibit of wood-making machinery, ill 44 Federal polytechnic school, Zurich, Switzerland, construction of laboratories of , II 705 Fermented drinks, report of Charles McK. Loser, iv 721 Fernow, B. E. , report on forestry of the United States, v 743 Ferranti dynamo, IV 46 Ferro-silicon, uses of , II 429 Fertilizers — Distributers of , v 271 Exhibitors of , I 410 Importation of guano, 188T-'88, 1 410 Of organic or mineral origin, report of Prof. Spencer B. Newbui-ry, ii. . . 671 Xatural phosphates, bone phosphates, basic slag fertilizer. Production of phosphate rock in South Carolina, 1877-'T8, i 410 Fetticus, frequently on market, t 657 Feves, cultivation of, in France, v 66 Fetu, Defize & Co.'s key-seating machine, iii 342 Fibers, textile, of the United States, report of Chas. Richard Dodge, v 695 Field crops, range of, as vegetables, v 640 trials of machinery, repoi't of C. Y. Riley, v 265 Fields, experiment, v 154 Figs- Cultivation at Monaco, v 116 Exhibit of , V 44 Raised in South and in California, v 684 Used to make preserves, v 684 Figure painters of France, 11 37 Benjamin Constant, Jean Beraud, P. Albeit Besnard, A. William Bouguereau, Jules Breton Pascal, A. J. Dagnon-Bouvei'et. Edouard Detaillc, Edouard M. G. Dubute, Ev- nest Duz. Henri Gei-vex, Jean Jacques Henner, Jean Paul Laui-ens, S . B , Lavastre, Leon a Lhemiite, Albert Maignau, Victor Maive, J. L. Ei-nest Meissonier, Aime, Morot, Puvis de Chevannes, J. Franpois RalTaelle, Alfred Roll, Joseph Weucker. Filters used in wine-making, v 397 Fine arts, report of Rush C. Hawkins, commissioner, 11 3 Finland— Aj;iieultural instruction in. A" 213 Exhibits: Agriculture, v ^3^ Maps and apparatus, 11 ;j90 Printing and b(joks, 11 j54 Schools, II .[,1.^ Scientific instruments, 11 j^.i Finnish painters in the art department, 11 r-^ A. Edeltelt, A, Jaruetelt, Fire :uinuneiatois, iv , .,., Firmiuy Steel Company (Loire) exhibit of war material, iv y. 333 GENERAL INDEX. 499 Paget Fishway, movable, at Port-Mort dam on the Seine, iii 610 Flax- Causes for decrease in manufacture of , v 714 Cultivation of, abandoned in Algeria, v "■. 86 Exhibitof, v 712 In Eoumania, v 120 Statistics concerning product, V 713 Uses of fiber of, v 713 Yield of, in Holland, v 113 Flax culture, history and methods of, in France, report of Clias. Richard Dodge, II 493 industry in Belgium, report of Charles Richard Dodge, ii 508 Lefebre process, without retting, ii. 513 Van Mullem & Desevarte system of retting, ii 513 Flax and hemp industry in France, report of Charles Richard Dodge, ii 493 Flour milling, IV 516 Fluted scale, progress in controlling, Y '.' 606 Food adulterations, t 783 plants, families to which they belong, t 639 substances, vegetable, list of exMbits, v 861 Forage beets, statistics of , v 60 varieties raised in France, v 70 Forage plants — Alfilaria, v 739 Bermuda grass, v 739 Bur clover, v 739 Cow peas , v 739 Crab grass, v 739 Cultivated in France, v , 55 Indian corn, v 738 Japan clover, v 740 Miscellaneous, v 740 Of the United States, cultivated, v 737 Spontaneous , v 739 Texas miUet, v 738 Forage plants and grasses in the United States, report of George Vasey, v 735 presses, v 308 Foreign commissions, general list of , 1 77 expenditures of, in Paris, i 233 countries represented, appropriations, space occupied, etc., i 330 trade of the United States, 1887-'88, v 807 Forests — Botany of , v 748 Culture of , V 756 Exhaustion of , v 776 Growth and industry, products of , ii 646 Utilization of , v 763 Forestry — Directorship of, in France, v 163 Exhibit of autumn leaves, V 777 ' from Tunis, V 92 Instruction in, v 173^ I93 In the United States, report of B. E. Fernow, v 747 500 GENERAL INDEX. Forestry— Continued. Page. List of exhibits, v 8^6 School at Nancy, v 193 Fougerat's Basculeur, ni 297 Foundation for jetties at La Pallice, port of Rochelle, in 736 Four-spindle valve milling machine, ui 351 Fowl Meadow-grass (Poa serotina). v 737 Fowls, varieties exhibited, v 471 Fox's corrugated boiler flues and furnaces, in 311 machine-flanged plates, in 311 France — Agricultural colonies of , v 169 inspection in, v 163 institutions of , v 141, 161, 167 instruction in, v 161 table of, V 171 statistics of , v 162 Art in, n 10 Ecoles maternelles (kindergartens) in, II 107 Exhibits: Agriculture, v 35, 141, 176 Apiculture, T 484 Artistic metal work, ii 815, 318 Gaget Gauthier, 3Iarron of Rouen, Thiebaut f reres, Soci6t6 anonyme des Hauts- Foumeaux et Fouderes du Val d'Osue, Ringel d'llbcach. Ceramics, u 299, 302. 804, 805 Galle of Nancy, Deck of Sevres, Clement- ;\Iassin, Montagnon, Hache, Jullien & Co., Haviland & Co., Eedon, Dartout, Bousaid, Faochina. Guilbert, Martin Bapterosse, " ficole Fran^aise de Mosaique," M, Gillet. MuUer, Loebnitz, Par- vill6, Fr6res, "L'Union C^ramique et chaufourni^re de France. ^^ Chemical and pharmaceutical XJroducts, II 540, 675 A. Boude & Son, Raffineries de Sonfre M^ridiouales, Louis Chambon's Son, Louis Esmieux, Etablissement Kuhlmau, Pilon Bros, tit Buffet, .\. Labarre Ji: Co., Society Marseillaise de Sulf are de Carbone, Frederic Hernbel, F. Desmoute's, Lemaire & Co.. Compagnle d'Exploitation des Min^raux de Rio-Tinto, Soci^t6 des Manufactures de Olaces et Produits Chimiques de Saint Gobaiu, Society Anonyme de Produits Chimiques, Societe Anonyme des Usiues des Produits Ctii- miques, d'Hautmout, Society Anonyme des A'erreriet Co., Peclihiey & Co.. Solvay & Co., E. A. Billaut, L. Marquet de Vasselot, Brigonnet & Naville, Paul Moreau & Co., Poulenc Bros., A. Roques.Paid Rosseau & Co.,G.De Livire i Co., Delval & Pascalis, J. E. l>aul Morguerite Delnrcharlonny, C, E. Xoel, Pommier & Ci>., C. .\ruold, Ch. Dubois, Administration des 51 iuesde Bonxwiller. A. Carof * Co., H. Levasseur, Glaziot Bros., Dela Cruse Trewoednl Hros., Le Gloahee, G. Derrien. C. Camus & Co., Kestner & Co., A. JI. Tneurier, Pierri'-Benite, C. (ilaudou, Veuve ch Deele & Co., E. Poriou, Holden & Son, 1>. Houzeau & Co.. M. Passy, G. s. Cliauvel, L'Eresque, Blouohe ,t Triouleyre, .\. l^arlier. JI. Cerckel, Doix. JIulaton & Wolf, Mante, Legi-e & Co,, E. Beau.Soi'iete Grn^rale pour la Fabrication de la Dyna- mite, Sooi6t6 Anonyme de Dynamiti' de Jliipagne, Coiquet t>t Co., Joudrain & Co , Gigodot & Lnprevote, E, Hatton, .locquand ■!£: Son, 51orel A- Georget, Tatin Bros., J, Durand, Son * Co., E, Laooiii-, Baron. Charles Morel, A. de MiUy, E, As.selin, E, CalvBt& Co,, Tessier, Huyard cC: Co., Menier & Co., F, Ca.ssa.ssa, Son & Co., Frnni;ois Grellou & Co., C, Guibal, Baptst &■ Haniet. A. Croulard, Lefranc & Co., E. Hardy-JIilori, Ringaud, Meyer &Co., Mme. Veuve, Edouard Ronnuel, Lorilleux ,< Co,, Parquin, Gauchery, Zagar/)wski & Lachiche, Legros, Piat &■ I.eau, C. F.xpert-Hesanoon & Co,, L. GENERAL INDEX. 501 France— Continued. Exhibits — Continued. Chemical and pharmaceutical products — Continued. Page. Fauve, Levainville & Rambared, Th. Lefebre & Co., Mme. Veuve Tassy de Mont- luc, Desohamps Bros.. Vieux-Jean d'Heurs, E. Guimet, G. W. Dorneman, F. Eiohter, L. Robelin, G. Chalmel, L. Dida, Hartog & Co., M. E. Schmidt, Socifitg Anonyme des Gommes Nouvelles et Vernis, SocWtS FranQaise de Produits Phar- maceutiques, Adrian & Co., Egret, A. Billault, Compagnie Parisienne des Cou- leurs d' Aniline, Brigonnet & Naville, Chassaing & Co., J. A. Chassevant, C. J. Desnoix, L. Frere, H. Fournier & Co., Genevoix & Co., P. M. Petit, SociMfi du Traitement des Quinquinas, French pharmacists (collective), Chas. Hoffman, G. Coutela, Boulfroy & Co., A. Richard & Bro., L. Eoguier, Desmaris Bros., A. Deutsch & Sons, Pluch & Co., Soci6t6 Anonyme des Huiles Minerales des Colom- bes, Nazarian Bros., Niquez's Son, Profit & Neveu, L. Mougenot, Delique Bros., A. Barigny, O. Ballton & Co., J. DrouUlet & Son, J. P. Brun & Son, Soci6t6 des lieges d'Edong, Bourgogne & Co., Maurel & Prom, P. IJorchond & Bros., B.in6 Callette, A. Deutsch & Sons, Durand Huguenin & Co., Gilllard-Mounet & Cartier, J. Kuch & Son, Soci^tS Anonyme des MatnSres, Colorantes et Produits, ChimJqnes de St. Denis, M. THemute, Couut de Chardounet Corbeau Gruel & Ferret, A. Do- mange, T. Sueur & Son, C. Floquet & Son, Guillon & Son, E. H. Holley, LeKore- Josset, Frerat & Groussard, D. Soyer, E. Berthier & Co., Paul Dessaily & Co., T. CoUat, Lefort, Soci4t6 Anonyme des Produits Chimiques Agricoles, Compagnie de St. Gobain, Aci6ries du Nord. Clocks and watches, ll 321 Gamier, Haas, BrSguet, Scheoob & Bro., ficole de Cluses, ificole de Besaucon, ficole d'Horlogerie de Paris. Decorated papers, ll 309 Isidore IJeroy & Son, Messrs. Hoock, M. Romain, M. Petitjean, M. Paeon, M. Cadot, Jeune, M. Tallott, M. Jouanny, Gillou & Son. Director of Superior Education and of the Minister of Public Instruc- tion and Fine Arts, II 137 The Sorbonne, Lyons Museum of Nat. History, Ethnographic Musemn of France. Drawing and modeling, ll 159 Chambre Syndicate de la Gravure of Paris, Bouasse-Lebel, Massin, Durand, Desmarest, Engelman, Fleuret, Hautecouer, Jeandraut, Libart, Miss Montchar- ' mont, Poilpot, Wochter, Miss Zilhorst. Furniture and accessories, ll 291 Galls, of Nancy. Gas lighting, ll 326 "La Soci6t6 Technique de Tlndustrie de Gaz," Reuard, Hubert & Co., Bour- rey, Wenham Company. Goldsmiths' and silversmiths' work, ii 313 Froment-Meurice, Christofel & Co. Heating apparatus, ii 323 Stoves, by Cadfe; furnaces, by Geneste-Herscher, Godillot; hot water, by Cuan; steam, by Chlbout, Fouche, Geneste-Herscher, and GrouveUe; range, by Bou- gnodet & Gamier. Insects, V 440 Maps and apparatus, ll 183 Villard & Cotard's globe, charts of the city of Paris, charts of other eities of France, maps of France and of Europe, Coronelle's Celestial Globe. Medicine and surgery, ll 173 M. Matteieu, Pradel & Paguignon, Eobillon, Wickham, VoibbelUer, Sandras, Falrich, Le Gouidee, Martin, Osselin, Geneste-Herscher & Co., Friese, Froger, Gauttard, Duthiel, Dumez, Choquort & Penchot, Dr. Anzoux, Came, Yvon & Berlioz. Meteorological methods and instruments, ll 340 Montsouris municipal observatory, M. Descroix, chief, city of Paris; Richards Bros., including the observatory on Eiffel tower; Parenthon & Co., A. Berthilmy, H. Euon, rh. Pellin, E. Ducretet & Co., Alph. Huetz, L. C. Baudin, J. Tonnelot, G. Raymond, Naudet & Co., Pertuis & Son, M. Renaut, T. Hue, F. Perillat, Ch. Bourdon, Golaz & Son, Physical Laboratory of the Sorbonne, Chateau & Son, Alvergniat Bros., A. Baserga, J. Boulan. 502 GENERAL INDEX. France — Continued. Exhibits— Continued. P«-g«- Microscopes, li 228 J. A. Nachet, Bfeu-Hausser & Co., Verick & Hiassnif . Moreau-Teigne. Musical instruments, li Ifi^ E. & J. Abbey, Cavaill6-Coll, organ Society ot the Alexandres, Eodolphe, Merklin & Co., Erard & Co., Thibouville-Lamy, Richard & Co.. Mustel, Meyer- Marix, Dumont & Lelifevre, Cottins & Tailleur, Chrustophe & Etienne, Herouard Bros,, Thibouvilles, Paquette Bros., Jacquot & Son, Eugene Henry, General Association of Work people, Berson. Printing and books, ll 150 Cohn & Co., Delalain Bros., Gautliier-Villars & Son, Flrmin-Didot & Co., Gruel & Engelman, Hetzel & Co., Jouvet & Co., Henri P. Laurens, Moguier, Plon Nourrtt & Co., Eeinwald, Testard & Co., Burdin & Co., of Anglers, Coguiard of Eouen, Jacquot of Nancy, Privat of Toulouse, Thfigard fils of Dourdan. Products of hemp, flax, etc., ii 347 J. Casse & Sons, "Cauftoir de I'lndustrie LiniJre," Saint Bros., Carmichael Bros. & Co., M. Cauvin-Yoose, Simonnot, Goddtird & Co . Railway rolling stock, m 450 Scientific instruments, II 177 M. Gautier, Society of Opticians, Richards Bros., Vericke & Stiassnie, Madam Prince, Perteers & Son, Nachet, minister of public works, Bardon, Secretan, Mignot, Chateau & Son, Vesly. Sericiculture, v 430 Stationery, etc. , ii 156 Abadie & Co., Cawley & Henry, Mine Ausedat, Blanchet Bros. & Kleber, Bloch, Bourgeois, Chouanard, Dagron & Co., Darbay & Son, Forest-Vincent & Son, Francois, Gilbert & Co., Haro Bros., Mary & Son, Pitet. Tapestry, carpets, etc. , ii 306 Gobelin and Beauvais tapestry manufactories, Braquenii^ »fc Co.. Hamot, Sal- landrouze. Technical instruction, II 194 Conservatoire des Arts et Jl^tiers of Paris. Central School of Arts and Jlan- utactures, national schools of mines and of bridges and roads, national schools of arts and trades at Aix, Anglers, and Chalons- sur-Mame. National Apprentice School of Delleys, Algeria, National School of Clocks of Cluses, chamber of com- merce, High Commercial and Industrial School of Bordeaux, apprentice schools for wagon and carriage makers, "Elisa Lemounier" schools, Paris Free Pro- fessional Schol of Design and .Molding. Telescopes, ii 222, 326 Henry Bros., Paul & Prosper Bardon, Secretau, Lu:z Gautier. Exhibit and statistics, by M. Morel, director of sec.miiary instruction, II. 130 College of St. Barbara, Delagrove, Carne, Bazin & Co . Croizeiuarie Rosseau & Co., Sozanne, Miss Pai-ent. Extent of .art influence in, ii 10 Figure painting in, ii 37 History of technical instruction in, ii 193 Institute of , ii ig Landscape painting in, ii 33 Ministi'y of agriculture in, v 161 Museums of , v 189 National manufacturers of , ii 31 Ciobelins, Mosaics, Sevres. Portraiture in, ll 35 Provincial schools of art in, 11 oji^ Amiens, Bordeaux, Bourges, Calais, Dijon, Lille, Lyons, Marseilles, JlonlepelUer, Nancy, Nice, Bouuti, St. Etienue, Turooing, Toulouse, Valenciennes. GENERAL INDEX. 503 France— Continued. Page. Sculptors of , II 45 M. L. E., Alberi Letevre, Paul Au36, Alfred Boacher, Au^q GENEKAL INDEX. 507 Gold— Continued. Page. Production of, and value, ll 403 Value of annual product of the United States from 1870, 1 380 Gold and silver — Approximate distribution of product of, in 1887, and value, 1 416 Coinage of, at the United States mints, in 1888, i 418 Produced in Mexico from 1877 to 1888, i 423 the United States from 1792 to 1844, and value, i 417 in 1887, 1 416 Gold, silver, and copper coinage in Mexico from 1873 to 1888, I 423 Gold, sUver, lead, and copper — Produced in the United States vcest of the Missouri River, from 1870, i. . 420 in 1888, I.. .. 421 Value of annual product of the United States west of the Missouri River from 1870, r 421 Goldsmiths' and silversmiths' work, ii 313 Gomot, M. , report on rural assistance, v 510 Gooseberry, native species succeeds everywhere, v 381 Oossypium arborenm, from India, v 703 barbadense, from Barbadoes, T 702 lierbaccum, fiber from stalk of , v 720 Gourds, French exhibit of , v 79 Gour-noir viaduct, lii 767 Govoron, syndicate of, against injurious insects, v 142 Graft— Champin, v 334 Cleft or shoulder, v 333 Cutting or slip, v 330 English whip, v 333 Fermaud, v 335 Full shoulder, V 333 Heel, T 333 Pontois, T 334 Saddle, v 335 Grafting of vine — Comy's machine for, v 340 Guillebot's machine for, v 338 Exhibit of tools for, v 312 Indoor, V 343 In vineyard, v 343 Nursery, v 343 Petit's machine for, v 337 Production of stocks for, v 33O Eichter's guide for, v 340 Time for, v 330 Tools employed in, v 335 Various methods of , V 33I Grafting schools, v 344 Grafts- Care of , V 342 Hilling up, V 34I For vine, choice of, v 33O On vine, bandages and ligatures for, v 340 Gramme dynamo, iv ; . . 40 508 GENERAL INDEX. Page. Grand Central Railway exhibit, mixed carriage for first and second class passengers, m 468 twenty-ton gondola with movable sides, iii . 469 Grandean, Leon, views of the U. S. agricultural exhibits, v 494, 887 Grape — Black rot of , V 793 Catawba, v -. 679 Concord, v 679 Crushing of , v 378 Cultural methods, v 371 Delaware, v 679 Downy mildew of , v 798 Grown in all parts of the United States, v 679 Influence of cUmate upon, v 370 soil on, V 371 variety on quality of wine, v 371 Niagara, v 679 Powdery mildew of , v 792 Product of one acre, v 679 Secondary products of , v 423 Septosporium on, v 798 Spanish measles of , v 793 Grape-crusher of G. Pepin fils, v 381 "Grape fruit," popular name for pomelo, v 683 Grape gathering — At Bordeaux, v 375 Instruments for determining time of , v 872 Outfit, V 874 In Bourgogne, v 375 Grapes- Combining different, v 392 Gathering of , v 372 Leading varieties in France, v 371 Low prices of , v 689 Maturity of , v 372 Picking and marketing, v 687 Prices obtained for, in California, v 688 Time of gathering, v 374 Uses of luisks and lees of , v 423, 425 Grapevine, new disease of, in California, v 689 GrajH'vines, pruning and training, v 688 selection of varieties, v 689 Graphic method of quadrature, ill 885 Graphite — Amount annually produced in tiie United States, i 406 Exhibitors of , I 406 Manufactui'ed, importation of, 1 406 Where found, I 4O6 Gravona bridge, III , 793 (iniy's safety lamp. III oj(o telautograph, iv ■ 105 Great Britain — Agricultural instruction in, v _ _ _ 206 GENERAL INDEX. 509 Great Britain^ — Continued. Page. Exhibits ; Apiculture, v , 437 Art department, ll 74 Painters: L. Alma-Tadema, E. Burne Jones, J. P. Calderon, E. Crofts, Luke Fildes, Stanhope O. Forbes, Andi-ew 0. Qow, H. Herkomer, Frank Hall, J. C. Hook, W. B. Leader, Sir Frederick Leighton, Sir John Millais, Henry Moore, W. Q. Orchardson, W. "W. Ouless, Alfred Parsons, John R. Beid, Briton Riviere, J. J. Shannon, John M. Swan, G. F. Watts, J. Meneil Whistler. Water-color artists; J. Aumonier, W, Langley, H. Maj^hall, W. L. Aylie, Alfred East. Sculptors: Sir Frederick Leighton, Hamo Thornycrof t. Etchers: Hoyden, R. W. Macbeth, Short, Whistler, and others. Ceramics, ii 300 Brown, Westhead, Moore & Co., Copeland, Doulton, Brownfield & Sons. Chemical and pharmaceutical products, II 5-55 Johnson, Matthey & Co., Bruner, Mond & Co., Continehtal Oxygen Company (limited), Albright & Wilson, Lever Brothers, Edward Cook & Co., Price's Patent Candle Company, Bartmm Harvey & Co., Bimbaiira & Sons, G. Cording, Lee Brothers, Nicholson & Co. , J. Mandelberg & Co. , The North British Rubber Com- pany, William Currie & Co., Griflllks Brothers, Rowney & Co., Thomas Christy & Co., Bishop & Sons, Burrows, Welcome & Co., Clayton Aniline Company, Eglinton Chemical Company. Decorated papers, ii 310 Anoglypta Company, JefEry & Co., Fisher's Patent Wall Hanger Syndicate, William Woollams & Co., Wylie & Lockhead. Drawing and modeling, II 163 Furniture and accessories, ii 395 Maps and apparatus, n 188 Medicine and surgery, ii 176 Gray & Son. Microscopes and objects, ll 227 Ross & Co., Watson & Sons, Pilliseher. Musical instruments, li 170 Bishop & Son, Brinsmead & Son, Silvani & Smith. Printing and books, ll 150 Galignani Library, Oxford University Press, Illustrated London News, British and Foreign Bible iSociety, Augener & Co., British Trade Journal, Caston & Co., Griggs, Morgan & Co., Riviere & Son, Chromo Lithographic Art Studio. Scientific instruments, ll 181 Rein & Son, Clarkson, Pilliseher, Ross & Co., Dallmyer. Stationery, etc. , ii 157 Windsor & Newton, Gillott & Sons, Mitchell & Alexandre, Tetley. Tapestiy, carpets, etc. , ii 308 Crossley & Sons. Telescopes, ii 224 Dallmyer, Pilliseher. Great Britain and colonies, agricultural exhibit, v 108 Greece exhibits — Agriculture, v jl3 Apiculture, v 438 Drawing and modeling, ii 163 Maps and apparatus, ll 189 Plan of Athens. Meteorological section, ii 370 H. Pieroni, of Athens. 510 GENERAL INDEX. Greece exhibits — Continued. Page. Printing and books, li 153 Medicine and surgery, ii 176 Musical instruments, II 170 Scientific instruments, ii 182 Schools, II 128 Athens Orphans Asylum. Stationery, etc. , H 157 Superior education, ii 143 Greek art ideas, influence of , ii 21 sculptors in the art department, ll 82 Bounanos, of Athens. Green peas, price of earUest product, v 660 Greenwood & Batley's mammoth lathe, iii 353 GriiSn gas engine (G. C. Bingham exhibitor) iii 149 Grinding and polishing glass, II 214 Groningen Agricultural Society, display of , v 113 Grosse porcelain, introduced by M. Deck, II 899 Group I. Classification of , ii 2 II. Classification of , ii 114 III. Classification of , ii 290 IV. Classification of , II 334 V. Classification of , ii 399 Guadeloupe exhibits, agriculture, v 104 drawing and modeling, n 165 Guano from Cape Verde Islands, v 118 imported into the United States in 1887, i 410 Guatemala exhibits — Agriculture, v 136 Drawing and modehng, ii 168 Insects, V 443 Musical instruments, ll 170 Printing and books, II ; 153 Schools, n 128 Boja-Verapaz, minister of public instruction. Giiava grown in Florida, v 683 rarely gi'own in California, v 683 Guiana, agricultural exhibit of , v 104 Gum arable, export of, from Senegal, v 98 Gumbo, in market gardens, v (354 G'mnell, W.C., engineer United States Commission, report, 1 45 Oi/iiim>Kporanginm maa-opus. v 79O Gypsum — Exhibitors of , I , ^jq Imi)ortation of, into tlie United Stites in 1887, 1 410 Produced in the United States in 1887, i 4IO AVliere found in the United States, 1 4IO Gypsum, lime, and mica, I 4IO Gyrating screen for coal, exhibited by E. B. Coxe, United States, III 34 H. Haiti, agricultural exhibit of, v jg- Hams, curing and inspecting, v i^,f GENERAL INDEX. 511 Page 5and and power pumps, in 173 Haras, conducting horse exhibit, v 473 Hardy's patent multiple wedge for bringing coal down, ill 288 picks. III 388 Haricots, cultivation in Algeria, v , 84 Harvard College, agricultural science at, v 817 Harvesters, straw-binding, y 290 trials of , V 383, 296 Hastings, Prof. Charles S. ,report on optical instruments and optical materials, II 213 Haupt, Prof. Lewis M. , report on railway plant, in 437 Havre, Bellot Lock, ni 694 iron wave breaker on the breakwater, south side of outer harbor, ni. . 700 Hawaii exhibits — Maps and apparatus, li 191 Musical instruments, ii 171 Printing and books, II 153 Schools, II 138 Hawkins, Rush C. , commissioner, report on fine arts, ii 3 Hay- Clover, v 739 Exhibit, V 741 Fowl meadow grass, v 737 From fresh-water marshes, v 736 Hungarian grass, v 738 Johnson grass, v 738 Kentucky blue grass, v 738 Orchard grass, v 737 Prairie, v 737 Presses, trials of , v 282, 303 Red top, V 737 Salt, various uses of , v ; 735 Texas blue-grass, v 738 Timothy, v 737 (See, also, Forage Plants.) Haymaking in the United States, v ' 740 Healy & Co. , exhibit of carriages, award of grand prize for, in 61 Heat galvanometer, rv , 199 Heating air for compressed-air motors, in 270 apparatus, exhibits of France and of the United States, ii 333 Heginbotham, Joseph, automatic circular rib-knitting machine, in 397 Machine Company's knitting machine, ill 387 Heinrich & Mulberger ampere-hour meter, iv 333 Heissler dynamo, iv 47 system of transmitting electricity, iv 70 Helianthiis tuberosus, use of, in France, v 75 Helson, M. Cyriqiie, of Turin, exhibit of, in 484 Hemp — Crop by States, v 711 Culture, history, and methods of, in France, n 503 History of , v 713 In Kentucky, v 710 Indian, fiber from, exhibited, v 723 512 GENERAL INDEX. Hemp — Continued. Pager Quality of product, v ''^13 Retting of , v TU Sisal, fiber from, utilized, v 720 Henrion arc lamp, IV — 59 dynamo, IV 43 Hepworth knitting machine, m 393 Herefords, exhibit of , v 463 Hering, Carl, report on electricity, iv 9 Herodote telegraph system, rv 101 Hibiscus mosoheutos, experiments with, in New Jersey, v. 719 Hides, horse, v 600 High lift locks on the Central Canal, France, in 619 Hill, Geo. Wm., report on cereal products in United States, v 619 History of — Baking, rv 543 Invention of optical glasses by Guinand, ii 235 Labor, report of Wickham Hoffman, i 125 Preservation of woods, ii 724 Sea-island cotton, by W. A. Clark, v 703 United States agricultural exhibit, v 491 History and present condition of agricultural science in the United States, report of A. C. True, v 809 Hoffman, Wickham, report on history of labor, i 125 review of the exhibition of social economy, i 101 Hoffmeier railway tie system, ni , 512 Hog cholera, v 551 products, export of , v 805 Hogs, raising and feeding, v 539, 553 slaughtering and packing, v 545 Holms saccharatus, as forage plant in France, v 53 sorghum, cultivated in France, v 53 Holland exhibits — Agriculture, V 113 Art department, ii 87 Painters in oil: D. A. C. Artz, Nicholas Bastert, Georges H. Breitner, Eilouard Frank- fort, P. J, C. Gabriel, Joseph Israels, Fredei-iok H. Kraemmerer, Henry Luyter, Jacob Maris, Anton JIauve, Hendrik W. Mesdae, Albert Neuberys, William Koelofs, and M'lle. Tlierese Schwai*tze. l^aiuters in water colors: Book, Bosbooni, Cate, and Weissenbraoli. Ceramics, li 301 Drawing and modeling, II 163 Itajis iuid ajjparatus, ii Igg IMeteorological section, ll og- H. Ollaud, of Utrecht, Musical instruments, II jYO Printing and books, II I54 Schools, II |.>g Scientific instruments, II j jjS-i Secondary instruction, 11 ^35 Stationery, etc. ,11 jp;^ Tapestry, cnrpets, etc. , II gOg " Maniitactinv Roysle de Deveuter." Teehniciil insti'uction, 11 -taa Haarlem School of Industrial Arts ; l-eydeu School of Arts aiwj Trades ; Amsterdam School of Mechanics. GENERAL INDEX. 513 Page. Holsteins, exhibit of , v 463 Hookham's ampere-hour meter, iv 221 Honduras, agricultural exhibit of , v 137 Honfleur, siphons and siphonage, ill 715 sluicing basin with feeding weir. III 708 Honorary commissioners appointed by governors of States, I 79 Honors and prizes in agi'icultural section, v 153 Hop plant — Cultivation of , v 666 Diseases of , v 667 How propagated, v 666 Insects injuring, v 667 Louse, difficulties in dealing with, v 605 Hop-raising district of New York, v 667 Washington State, v 667 Hops- Average selling price, v 667 Bleaching by sulphur, v 666 Cost of production of , v 667 Cultivation of, encouraged in Burgundy, v 237 Exhibit of, V 237 Grades of , v 667 Harvesting and drying of . v 665 Product of various States, v 668 Their culture, v 664 Varieties of , v 667 Horsemeat as food, iv 634 Horseradish, cultivation in France, v 75 Horses, cattle, etc., increase of, v 808 exhibit of , v 473 Freoch cross-bred, v 475 Horticulture — Arrangement of farm and kitchen garden, iv 838 Cultivation of truffles, iv 853 Exhibit of the United States, iv 799 Forestry buildings, iv 843 Hothouses and conservatories, iv 830 Programme of exhibits by epochs of display, iv 800 Replanting forests, iv 816 Report on, by David King, United States ex|jert, iv 795 Tools used in forest-planting, iv 849 Utilization of sewage, iv 887 Hosiery and accessories of wearing apparel, ii 360 Exhibitors of gloves; manufacturers of Grenoble; Trefousse & Co. , Bondat Brothers, Courvoisier, Bourgoin & Co., Francoz, jr., Boussai-d & Morrison, Buscarlet & Son, Malo, jr. Elastic web and braces : Riviere & Co., Froma'je & Co., HI. Bailly, Messrs. Fayaud, Boulenger, Ordman, Grandjean. Buttons: Messrs. Bapterosses, Adt Bros., Anglade, Bogriot, Bertha Wulveryok & Servas, Didron, Doguen, Lemaire Vallfi, Leprince, Morchand d Bignon Ammer & Co., Parent, Boulinot Brothers & Pradier. Shirts: Seuer &. Co., Colombier Brothers, Schwob, Beaumont & Co. Hosiery: Syndical Chamber of the Ho-siery of the Aube, Roanne Manufacturers.Cou- turat & Co., MauohaufE6 & Co., Verdier & Schultze, Bouly-Lepage, Tonuel, Bruley Brothers, Hirsch & Regley, Reney & Baulet, Quinquarlet, Feron & Mortier, Rabanis, H. Ex. 410 33 514 GENERAL INDEX. Hosiery, etc. — Continued. Page. Boileau, Messrs. Bretonville, Dassel, Sumdne. Woolen Knitted Work : Roanne Manufacturers, Heilly-Hordg, Ducreux, Margue Brothers, Oudin & Millet, Pauley-Robelin, Saunier-Pruden. Fans : Duvelleroy, Kees, Evette, Ahrweiler, Efctlinger, Crensy, Lepault & Deberg^he, Levy, Rodien, Krakauer-Kreycy, Moser, Hugot. Corsets : Farcy & Oppenneim, Chaband, Fadon, Leprince, Salomon, Legrain, Lange- Porcherot, Stiegler, Ulrichvirien, Willinger, Josselin, Daeier, Jonatte. Prud6hon, de Gruyter, Davoult, Pilte & Chapin, Moyer, Strouse & Co., Roth & Goldschmidt. Umbrellas, parasols, and handles : Meurgey, Folmer CloggiS; Co., L. petit-Charoblet, Gagne-Petit, Bon Marchfi. Handkerchiefs : Leon Dennery. Collars and ties : M. Klotz, Akar & Co., Bourgeois, Lahorde, Tliarel, Leg6e, Lepre- vost, Marix, Moyer. Jersey fabrics : Neyret & Co., Le Roy & Co. Hotohkiss Ordnance Company's exhibit (19 pieces), iv 300 How to help the working classes, II 11 Howe, Henry M. , report on apparatus and methods of mining and metal- lurgy, III 249 Hughes multiplex-telegraph system, iv 113 telegraph-transmitting apparatus, iv 100 Hulse & Co.'s tool exhibit, m 354 Humber & Co. , exhibit of cycles and award of gold medal for, iii 62 Hungarian grass (Setaria italica), v 738 Hungary — .Agricultural instruction in, v 198 Agriculture of , v 105 Agronomy and statistics of , v 153 Exhibits: Agriculture, v 153, 198 Cereal and vegetable, v 105 Superior education, II 143 Sericulture in, v 433 Hurd, Dr. Henry M., description of Johns Hopkins hospital, Baltimore, II . . . 791 Hurre's oombineil vertical and horizontal milling machine, III 321 Hurtu & Hautin's exhibit of embroidering machines, iii 40 precision tools, ill 323 Husmann, George, report on viticulture in California, v 638 Huyghens, Cliristian, method of lens-making, n ojg Hydraulic canal left at La Louviere, Belgium, iii .-,61 Les Fontinettes, France, lii 553 elevators in the Eiffel Tower. Iii I99 punching machine, ill 335 railway (chemin de Fer Glessant), ill 503 rams, in jc),, works and pneumatic foundation at Genoa, in 733 Hygiene and public charities, report of W, H. Chandler, ph. d., 11 '.\ 757 Exhibits of the city of Paris, city liospit:il of Antwerp, general citv hospital of Ber- Im, Johns Hopkins hospital, St. Luke's hospital. South Bethlehem, Pa. I. Icerya, progress in controlling, v g^g Ignanie in Brazil, v .. o. Illuminated fountains (by electricity), iv " " gg Illumination by gasoline of htioya and beacons, iii ' ' j>jjo Illustrations, list of, in vol. i GENERAL INDEX. 515 Implements— Page. Agricultural, v 304 Forestry, v 304 For vine-culture, v 310 Tunisian, v 91 Imports of — Copper, from 1867, 1 392 Guano, in 1887, 1 410 Gypsum in 1887, i 410 Lead, from 1867, I 397 Manufactured graphite, I ' 406 Merchandise, in 1887-'88, v 807 Zinc and zinc oxides, in 1887, 1 399 Improvements in. illuminating apparatus for light-houses, ll 283 made by tenants of agricultural lands, laws relating thereto, v. 515 opinion of International Congress on, v 517 Incandescent lamps, iv 62 Incubators, accounts of , v 257 the Incomparable, v 257 India, French, agricultural exhibit of , v 101 peanuts in, v 674 Portuguese, agricultural exhibit of , v 119 India rubber and gutta-percha, ii 619 Indian corn {Zea mays), horse collars woven from husks of , v 733 (See Corn and Maize.) Indurated fiber ware, v 776 Industrial porcelain, n 302 Scholars' Museum, exhibit of, in technical instruction, ii 194 Influence machine for generating electricity, rv 228 of art dealers, il 17 Greek art ideas, n 21 South Kensington Museum, ll 15 Injurious insects, v 439 syndicate to combat, v 142 and beneficial insects in the United States, report of C. V. Riley, v. 608 " Insect Life," periodical bulletin of tlie U. S. Department of Agriculture, v. . 611 Insecticide machinery — Exhibit of , V 274 Manufacture of , v 29 Tested, v 267, 274 And appliances, v 608 Insecticides, distributers of , v 267 list of exhibits, V 858 recent methods described, v 607 Insects — Collections of, exhibited, v 440 Destructiveness of , v 608 Losses occasioned by, v 604 Injurious, v ...142,489 advances made in methods for controlling, v 605 foreign, introduced in United States, v 603 investigation of , v 604 literature on, in United States, v 604 516 GENERAL INDEX. Insects — Continued. Page. Injurious, new facts constantly discovered regarding, v COS syndisaie to combat, v 143 United States exhibit of , v 611 {See, also, Entomology.) Installation of electric plants, iv 76 Institute, polytechnic, at ZHrich, v 215 Quinta normal, at Santiago, v 330, 226 National Agronomic, v 1T3 Royal Agronomic, at Grignon, v 168 Institute of Agronomy at Lisbon, v 309 Animal Vaccine in Chile, v 22.5 Coetbo, V 168 France, il 28 Magyar-Ovar in Hungary, v 198 St. Agneau, v 168 Sericiculture at Gorz, v 197 Institutes, agricultural — At Bahia,v 158,218 Gembloux, v 304 Grand Jouan, v 168 Rio Janeiro, v 158 Sergipe, Brazil, v 159 Saulsaie, v 168 In Finland, v 213 Institutions of credit, v 141 Instruction, agricultural, resolutions of International Congress on, v 518 of adults, II 117 Instructions to agents (Appendix ii), v 852 International Button-Hole Sewing Machine Company's exhibit. Ill 34 International Congress of agi'iculture, recommendations of . v 505 report of C. V. Riley and Amory Aus- tin. Y 499 subjects discussed, v 500 International Congresses, list of, i 449 American delegates to. i 45I Meteorological and hydrological and rlimatological Congresses, II 0-3 Iron — Exhibitors of, I -i-g " ^..;;^^;;:;;:::::::::".:;: 418 Fould-Dupont, Jacob Holtzer & Co., (_'o..ipai,-iiie .le^-- Fondei-es Societ.i Anonyme iles Aci6res ot Forges de Firmiuy, Mai-vel Bi-othei-s, Oompaguie des Hauts-Fourneanx Coiiipagnie Anonyme des Forges, Six'ir.t:'. Anonymo iVEelairage, Sooi.'tf des Vei^ries de Longwy, (.'oinpagnie des Mines, Henneliout. Valton-Remaurv, SoeietA Vnonyine des Forges de Frauehe-C.„„ite, Soei,He des Chaines en Aeier sans Soudivs, Frauee; Soei<^t6 Anonyme Jlitis Beige, Belgium; CJ.iei-s Mills ,S: Oo., England; Society des Acif-ries d'Alexandrowsky, Russia; Soeiete Anonyme de Jletallnrgie et Constructiones, Spain. Ferrosilic'on, uses of, ii ..kj ( ijers patent soaking pits, ii ,}0() Process foi- producing, ii 409. 41 :!, 41 ."i, 42S. 4;W. 4:^2 Bessemer Basic, Clapp-Grifflths, Robert, Basi.' onen hearth, Mitis, Gjei-s soaking pits, Onry. Produi'tiijn of pig iron, steel rails, nails, etc, , i 1:579 Products and shipments of, and ore, in issc, is.sr, and l>7 wine-making, v ggj, Marly dam on the Seine, in 5.0 GENERAL INDEX. 525 Page. Marsaut's safety lamp, in 883 Marseilles School of Art, ii 39 Marshes, salt-water, hay product of , v 735 fresh-water, hay product of , v 735 Martinique — Agricultural products of , v 104 Exhibits : Agriculture, v 104 Drawing and modeling, ll 165 Mascart's electrometer, iv 208 Masonry caissons at the crossing of the Garonne at Marmonde, in 793 Massachusetts Institute of Technology, construction of Kidder laboratories, ii 699 Matches, exhibited by La Compagnie Generale des AUumettes Chimiques pour la France et I'Etranger, ii 330 Maxim-Nordfeldt guns and ammunition, exhibit of , iv 383 McCoy, S., exhibit of pneumatic tools, in 46 McDonald, Alex., report on peanuts, v 673 tobacco in the United States, v 725 Measures and values, table of , i 44 Measurements, French, v 32 Meat industries of the United States, report of H. G. Clark, v 539 Meats, canning, v 547 Medioago dentieulata, v 739 sativa, v 739 Medical and sanitary services in French army, iv 290 Medicine and surgery — Exhibits of Belgium, ii 174 France, II 173 the United States, li 175 various countries, n 176 Veterinary and comparative medicine, n 171 Melhafa used in Algeria, v 439 Meline, Jules, president International Congress of Agriculture, v 499 Melograph and melotrope, iv 144 Melons, requirements of plants, v 652 Southern States furnish chief supply, v 652 varieties cultivated in France, v 77 Menier, Madame, domain of , v 265 Merino sheep predominate in United States, v 695 Meritens arc lamp, iv 61 Merriam, C. Hart, report on economic ornithology, v 779 Marrow, J. M., report on machinery for knitting and embroidering, in 365 Mesure & Nouels' pyrometric spyglass for estimating temperatures in forg- ing, rv 264 Metal for guns, iv 268 Meteorology at the Exposition — Exhibits in the retrospective section, n 263 of France, n 340 the United States Signal Service, ii 263 various countries, n 264 Report of A. Lawrence Rotch. n 239 Methods of imparting knowledge, n 14 preserving meat and flsh, iv 638 526 GENERAL IKDEX. Page Methods of selecting the art exhibits, ii 104 the bakery, iv 548 Metropolitan railway of Paris exhibit, iii 535 Mexican grass, fiber from, utilized, v 720 Mexico — Agricultural instruction in, v 236 statistics of 137 Coinage in, from establishment of mints in 1534, I 423 1873 to 1888, 1 423 Exhibits : Agriculture, v 137 Maps and apparatus, ii 190 Medicine and surgery, ii 176 Printing and books, ii 153 Schools, II 126 Stationery, etc. , II 158 Superior education, II 143 Technical instruction, II 199 National Commercial School. Gold and silver product of, from 1877 to 1888, i 422 silver, and copper coinage of, from 1873 to 1888. 1 423 Mineral resources of , 1 422 Meyer automatic telegraph repeater, iv 109 Miani, Silvestrie et Cie. , exliibit of , iii 484 Mica, exhibitors of , 1 411 production and importation of, in 1887, i 411 uses of, and where mined, 1 410 Michigan Agricultural College, foundation of , v 815 peach belt, v 677 Microphone transmitter, rv 123 Microscopy and food adulterations, report of Thos. Taylor, v 783 Mici'otome, Taylor's combination freezing, v 787 MUdew affecting cereals, v 633 Militaiy ballooning in the French army, iv 285 engineering in the French army, iv 284 telegraphy, IV o^g Military and life-saving material, report of Capt. D. A. Lyle, Ordnance De- partment U. S. Army, iv 361 Milk and koumiss, iv 568 Milk-mixer.s, not ing of merit shown, v 04;^ Milkweed, fiber from, v r.,,o Millboard-making machine, exhibit of , iii 49 Millet, cultivation and use of , v 54 Mine-blasting by electricity, iv ^41 transportation by luvnging chains nt .Vin-Seama, Algeria, III 2.89 Mineral exhibits — Character of, and names of exliibitors. 11 339 Artiflolal minerals: Mi'ssrs. Friedel, Bourgeois, FouquA, Gorgeu. Rock sections: Dr. Fouqii,., Michel-Levy. Pompeian blue (wollastonitel: Dr. FouquS. Artificial Argentine orytitals: M. Etarii. Rooit crystal chandeliers. Colored marbles from Belgium and the Pyrenees. " Aspargus" stone from Spain. GENERAL INDEX. 527 Mineral exhibits — Continued. Character of, etc. — Continued. Page. Ores of mercury from Servia. ' Ozocerite from Galatia. Nephrite, graphite, jade: M, Alibert, Russia. Malachite, lapis lazuli, etc. : M. Woerfel, Russia. Topaz crystals from Ural Mountains. Pyrogranit: Paul de Kristoffowitch. Ores of merciu'y Russian Mercury Mining Society. Silver from the Konigsberg mine, Norway. Rare earttis from Norway. Opals from Himgary. Amber from Roumania. Calamine from Laurium mines, Greece. Lapis lazuli from Persia. Marbles, etc., from Algeria. ' Sapphire, zircon, and tourmaline from Madagascar. Topaz from Japan. Nickel ores, etc., from New Caledonia. Jade from New Zealand. Gold from South Africa. Silver, onyx, crystals from Mexico. Silver ores from the Argentine Republic. Precious stones and Indian ornaments from Brazil. Silver ore from Potosi and Pulacayo mines, native copper from Corocoro, bismuth from Tupiza, lapis lazuli, arsenic, and prousite, Bolivia. Prousite (i*uby silver) and soda from Chile. Marbles and salt from Paraguay. Anaconda copper ore. Black Hills columbite. Copper Basin ozurite and malachite. Black Hills cassiterite (tin). New Almaden quicksilver, agatized tree trunks, Maine tourmalines. United States. Report of George F. Kunz, n 389 Mineral oils exported from United States, 1887-88, i 409 products of United States, value of , ll 403 Mineral resources of the United States — Annual value of mineral products, i 367 Market value of certain American mines, i 418 Miscellaneous minerals, 1 415 Principal localities vrhere are found: Gypsum, i 410 Lime, i 411 Mica, I 411 Petroleum and natural gas, i 407 Slate, I, 411 Production of: Antimony in 1886-'87-'88, i 405 Building stone, marble, slate, etc.. in 1887, and value, I 411 Coal in 1887-'88, I 373 Copper from 1883 to 1887, inclusive, i 390 Crude petroleum from 1859, i 408 Gold from 1870, i 380 and silver from 1793 to 1844, 1 417 1887,1 416 (in Mexico) from 1877 to 1888, i 433 silver, lead, and copper west of Missouri River, in 1888, i 431 from 1870, I... 430 Gypsum in 1887, i 410 Lead from 1873, i 396 and precious metals in Leadvilie in 1888, 1 396 528 GENERAL INDEX. Mineral resources of the United States — Continued. Production of — Continued. Page. Lead and silver in Leadville from 1860, i 397 Lime in 1887, and value, i 411 Manganese ore in 1887, i 404 Mica in 1887, and value, i 411 Nickel in 1887, i 405 Phosphate rock in South Carolina, 1887-'88, 1 410 Precious stones and gems, including gold quartz, 1883-87 (est.), I. . . 412 Pyrites, 1883 to 1887, i 405 Quicksilver at Neve Almaden, Cal. , from 1850, 1 403 in California, from 1879, 1 400 the United States. 1887-'8h, i 3D9 Roofing slate, 1884 to 1887, and value, i 413 Salt from 1883 to 1887, by localities, i 407 Silver from 1870,i 384 Zinc (spelter), 1882 to 1887, inclusive, by States, 1 399 Report of W. P. Blake, i 363 Shipment of iron, iron ore, and products of, 1880, 1SS7, and 1888, i 378 Statistical tables, etc. , i 363 Mining and metallurgy — Awards to United States exhibitors, ni 34 Cyclone Pulverizer Company, Ingersoll Rock Drill Company, Theodore Blake, Elmer Sperry & Co. Blowing machinery for metallurgical works, III 304 Cockerill engine. Boring and shaft-sinking, iii 249 Lippman^s patent filtering column, lifting ram, reamer, pipe cutter and nippers for shaft-sinking; light sinking outfit, solid trepans, oouplin^rs for rods, bell and cone joints, Kind-Chaudron process for sinking shaft*!, and Lippman's modification. Classified table of exhibits and awards, li 403 Crushing machinery. III 301 Blake multiple-jaw crusher. Gyrating screen for coal, exhibited by E. B. Coxe, III 24 Hoisting machinery, III 270 Tail rope counterweight at the Lyons shaft of the Montrambert de la B4randi^re Coal Mining Company, Rossigneux's pump-rod balance, brake attachment for hoisting engines, Champigny's Y-gi-ooved pulley for wire ropes. Mining tools and appliances, iii 278 Safety lamps (Gray's, Fumat's, Davy's, Olanny's, Marsaut's, M\ieseler'si: fastenings for safety lamps (Cuvelier's, magnetic, lead-riveM; stoel mine cars, Hanly's patent picks, and multiple wedge. Mining transportation, etc., Ill 289 Transportation by hiiuging chains, at AYn-Sedma, Algeria; Cadegal fan-brake and gravity road at Balboa; Malissard-Toza's automatic " Basculeur," or dumping plant; Fougerat's "Basculeur" ooal-transferring plant at Eleu. Production of coal, iron ore, pig iron, steel, zinc, and copper, by coun- tries, IT 403 lead and minor metals in the United States, ii 403 Products of Class 41, ii 40^ Review by C. B. Richtirds, M. a. , iii 34 Rock ilrills and air compressors for mines, m 263 Bnasi\veuse drill, Dubois & Francois air com iressor, cost of oompressiug air, venti- lation by the Korting jet blower, heating air for compressed-air motors. GENIGKAL IKDEX. 529 Mining and metallurgy — Continued. Page. EoUing mills and iron-working appliances, etc., ill 305 Universal reversing-plate mill of Chatillon et Commentry, reversing 26-inch bloom- ing and rail train at Valenciennes, Fox's patent corrugated boiler flues and furnaces, Lafltte's patent flux plates, self -skimming foundry ladle. Minneapolis mills, product of , v 627 Miot dynamo, iv 39 Miscellaneous accessories to electric plants, rv 88 Miscellaneous exhibits in electricity — Lightning rods, IV 245 Magnetic nickel alloy, iv 346 Non-magnetic watch movements, iv 246 Steel magnets, iv. -. 246 Miscellaneous exhibitors ui the Art Department, ll 96 Arturo Michelena, of Venezuela; J. J. de Soreza-Pinto, of Portugal; Thompson, of England; Zackarie Zakarian, of Constantinople; Vilasco, of Mexico. Miscellaneous machines — Awards to exhibitors, iii 58 Of typewriters: Caligraph, Hammond, Remington, gold medals; Bar-lock, Columbia, Mercury, World, silver medals; Hall, bronze medal. Of wire corkscrew machines: Clough & McConnell, silver medal. Of cash registering and adding machines: Lamson Consolidated Store Service Com- pany, silver medal. Of finishing and bunching cigar machines: John R. Williams Company, silver medal. Number of gold medals awarded, lll 55 Paper-bag machines, exhibit of, iii 59 M. F. Leinbach, Bibby & Boron, Planche Brothers, Claude Rochette. Thome typesetting and distributing macnine. III 53 TypevTriters, exhibit of , iii 55 Remington. Caligraph, Bar-lock, Hammond, Hall, Columbia, Mercury, World, Mas- kelyue's, Velagraph. Miscellaneous minerals, i 415 Miscellaneous railway exhibits — Arbel wheels, in 529 Brouhon, Pierre, dumping car. III 527 Ferand system of supporting car bodie.^j, iii 528 Gruson coupler, ill 528 Inloes, W. H. , turn-table lock, m 526 Merchants' Dispatch Transportation Company, refrigerator car, in 527 Noulet & Co., bridge, switch semaphore, car, in 536 Peckham Street Car and .Wheel and Axle Company, in 529 Valere Mabile, iron work, in 527 Mites, sulphur and kerosene to destroy, v 608 Miti's process for producing iron, ii 428 Model homes for working people, n 13 Modern art, tendencies of , n _ 16 Moessard's photographic camera, ll 203 Moha used for forage, v 54 Monaco — Exhibits : Ceramics, ll 301 Drawing and modeling, ii 163 Maps and apparatus, n 190 H. Ex, 410 34 530 GENERAL INDEX. Monaco — Continued. Exhibits— Continued. Page. Meteorological section, ii 271 Apparatus for scientific ci-uises of the yacht Hirondelle. Printing and books, II 154 Fruit industry of, v 115 Monilia fructigena, v 792 Montpellier School of Art, ii 30 Montrichard's valveless pump, lii 173 Morbeau, Henry, patent for making nickel and steel alloy, II 460 Morchella esculenta, v 40 nigra, -^ 40 Morel, M., director of secondary instruction, France, exhibit and statistics by, II 130 Morille, edible mushroom, v 40 Mori-ow, George E., report on cattle and swine raising in United States, v. . . 553 Morus multicaulis, one cause of silk-culture failure in United States, v 614 Mosaics, II 304 Moss, Spanish or southern, used in place of curled hair in mattresses, v 721 Movable dam at Poses on the Seine, iii 588 Suresnes on the Seine, iii 564 Mowers^ American, v 300 McCormick No. 3, v 300 Osborne No. 4, v 300 Piano, V 300 Trials of, v 2S'2,296,299 Wood, inclosed gear, v 300 Moyotte, exhibits of drawing and modeling, ii 165 scientific instruments, ii 182 Mozambique, agricultural exhibit of, v Ug Mueseler's safety lamp, iii oyy Multiple series system of transmitting electricity, iv 70 Museum of Natural History at Paris, v Igg U. S. National, entomological work of, v 6H Mushrooms — Common meadow, v .iji^ Edible, v gj^ Exhibit of, and truffles, v og j^g French exliibit of , V .3>^ Musical instruments — Exhibits of Belgium, ii • T,gg France, ii ,,.- • J O J Great Britain, ii j,-q "aiy-" '.'^'.'^'^y^\\y^'^'. .'.'.'.'.'. m Switzerland, n ^ »„ the United States, ii " j-^ various countries, ll j~,\ Report of Arthur J. Staoe, commissioner, n j,;-, Muskmelons, abundant in all markets, v n-o Must scale, tlie Baume, v . .,-", ' 0*2 Gay-Lussac, v ,,-.,, Cfuyot, V !.!!!.!!!!. 37-i Mustard, cultivation in France, \- ',!, N) GENERAL INDEX. 531 Page. Mustard for greens and salad, v 657 Myriok, Herbert, report on associated dairying in New England, v 565 silo and ensilage, v 743 Nails, production of , 1 379 Nancy School of Art, ii 30 National automatic knitter for seamless hosiery (Walter P. McClure, exhib- itor), III 401 manufactory at Sevres, exhibit of , ii 297 need of art culture, ii 7 Navigation of the Seine from Paris to the sea, m 649 Netherlands, exhibit of cattle, v 463 Nevada's production of silver in 1887, i 385 NevF Caledonia — Agricultural products of , v 103 Exhibits : Agriculture, v 103 Drawing and modeling, ii 165 Printing and books, II 154 Scientific instruments, il 183 New York, discovery of salt in, I 407 hop-raising district of , v 667 State Agricultural College, foundation of , v 815 New Zealand — • Agricultural exhibit of , v 102 products of , V 103 Producing peanuts, v 674 Seed and cereal exhibit of , v Ill Newbury, Prof. Spencer B., Cornell University, report on photogi-aphic proofs and apparatus, II. 801 chemical and phar- maceutical prod- ucts, II 529 Newton, Isaac, first Commissioner of Agriculture, r 825 Newton's invention of the pitch-tool for polishing, ii 218 Nezeraux's centrifugal jet pumps, iii 190 Nicaragua, agricultural exhibit of, v 138 Nice School of Art, ll 30 Nickel — Alloys of, with steel; paper by James Riley, before Glasgow Iron and Steel Institute, li 455 Discovery of ores of, in Oregon, 1 405 Exhibitors of , 1 404 ore, II 448 " Le Nickel " Mining and Smelting Company, Christofle & Co., L'Epftne & Co., Fon- derie de Nickel et M6taux blancs. Prance; Ringerie Nickel Miaes and Works, Norway; Oregon Nickel Company. Produced in the United States in 1887 405 Value of metal produced in the United States in 1887 404 Nicotiana persica, furnishes Tumbeki, v 737 rustiea, originated in Brazil, v 737 tabacum, first found in Virginia, V .• 737 532 GENERAL INDEX. Page. Nixonnozzle, use of , v 611 Non-magnetic watch movements, iv 346 Norfolk, center of peanut trade, v 673 mills for preparation of peanuts, v 674 Norway and Sweden exhibits — Agriculture, v 116 Art department, n 85 Mile. Harriet Baeker, Jacob Bratland, Jacob Gloersen. Hans Heyerdahl, Mile. Kitty Kielland, Christian Krohg, Gerhard Munthe, Eilip Peterson, Christian Skredevig, Fritz Thaulow, Erik WerensMold. Chemical and pharmaceutical products, n 643 Drawing and modeling, II 163 Maps and apparatus, ii 18& Journalists^ Association, Dietrichson. Medicine and surgery, ii 176 Stoemer. Musical instruments, ii 171 Printing and books, II 154 Scientific instruments, ii 182 Schools, II 138 Marie Rosing's girls' school at Christiania. Secondary instruction, n 135 Stationery, etc. , n 158 Superior education, II 144 Nossi Be, exhibit of, v 100 " Nouvelle porcelain," discoveiy of, and composition, II 297 Nozzles — Nixon or climax, v 611 Riley or Cyclone, description of, v 610 Spray, consideration of , v 610 Universal spray tip, v 610 Number of exhibitors of machinery by nations and classes. III 13 farmers and farm laborers, v 79s Nurseries of Tunis, v 94 Nury's machine for punching rails, etc. , iii 307 Nut-cliamfering machine, III 305 Nye & Fredick automatic circular rib-knitting machine, iii 376 circular rib-cuff machine, ill 394 O. Oatmeal, increase in use of , v gog Oats — Distribution in United States, v gOO Exhibits and cultivation of, v 50. 86 114 V^O Increase in acreage of, v " " f.-,a crop of, v ^li,. Statistics of , v ^q Varieties of ,v „„„ Weight of, per busliel, v goq Oca, cultivation of, in Bolivia, v ,o.> Oerlikon bevel gear planer, m " grj.^ dynamo, iv „o system of transmitting electricity, iv. GENERAL INDEX. 533 Page. Official instructions to Commissioner-General Franklin by Secretary of State Bayard, I : xi Oidium, or powdery mildew, v 352 Oil, cotton-seed, v 705 olive, production of , v 44, 110, 117, 125 vegetable, production of , v 99, 101, 118 Okra, grown for its fiber, v 718 in market gardens, v 654 Oleo oil, manufacture of , v 549 Oleomargarine, manufacture of , v 549 under the microscope, v 783 Olives — Cultivation of , v 110 Exhibit of , V 44 Mill for crushing, v 247 Mode of preserving, v 44 Presses for, t 245 Stone roller for crushing, V 247 Successfully grown in California, v ; 684 Olive-oil press, v 246 Ollagnier's lever press for tiles, ni 417 Oloron railway bridge, in 796 Onions — Average price of , V 648 Prices for earliest, v 659 Varieties cultivated in France, v 82 grown, V 648 Where most extensively grown, v 647 Operations on the Comstock lode in 1888, 1 385 Optical instruments and optical material — Exhibit of industrial optics, n 233 Flat glasses and mirrors, by E. J. Radiguet. Spectacle lenses of colored glass, by the Soci6t6 des Lunetiers. Achromatic spectacles and eyeglasses. Opera and field glasses, by Baille-Lemaire, Bardon, Bourdon, Colmont, Frftchet, Levy, and others. Apparatus for light-houses and other marine signals, by the Palais des Arts Lib^rauz. Exhibit of miscellaneous apparatus, ii 228 Heliostats, Becquerel phorphorscope, reading telescope, filar micromieter, aids to photometric determinations, by Ph. Pellin. Lantern with vertical attachment and silenium cell, by Albert Duboscq. Saccharimeters and tools, by L^on Laurent. Projection and polarization apparatus, by Victor Lef 6bvre. Lecture demonstration apparatus, by E. Lutz. Goniometers, by A. Picart. Lenses, mirrors, and crystal, by Benoit & Berthoit. "Aplanatic " mirror, by Th. Simon. Glass and crystals, by Ivan Werlien. Instrument for determining the foci and axial optical constants of small optical systems, by Mr. Margier. Exhibit of microscopes by Austria-Hungarian makers, ii 227 British makers, ll 227 French makers, ll 228 telescopes by British makers, ll 224 French makers, ll 222 History of the invention of optical glasses by Guinand, ll 235 534 GENEKAL INDEX. Optical instruments and optical material — Continued. Page. Improvements in illuminating apparatus for light-houses, Fresnel's in- vention, II 233 Professor Abbe's apochromatic microscopes, II 327 Report of Prof. Chas. S. Hastings, Sheffield Scientific School, Yale Uni- versity, II 213 Search-light apparatus, ll ; 235 Orange, cultivation in Monaco, v 116 increasing propoi-tions of, industry, v 682 leaf scab {Cladosporium sp.), v 790 Orange-growing in California, v 683 Florida, v 683 Orchard grass (Daetylis glomerata) v 737 Ordinary appUcations of the arts of drawing and modeling, II 158 Organization, methods, and appliances of agricultural instruction, report of C. V. Riley, v 161 and material for secondary instruction, n 130 of the French general commission, 1 214 Ornithology, economic, v 779 Orobranclie minor, as a forage plant parasite, v 56 Osage orange, as silkworm food, v 614 Oscillating bridge over the Dames canal lock, ni 638 Otis elevators, iii oqj railway joint, lii 511 Otto gas engine, iii I34 Oury process for producing iron, 11 433 Oxalis crenata, v j33 Oxycoccus macrocarpits, large areas suited to, v 681 P. Paget warp knitting machine, in * 388 Paine, S. "White, shoe-lasting machine, in 43 Palm, date, cultivation of , v on varieties of , v oq Panhard & Lavassor's band saws for metal. III 303 Panicetum tryphoideum in AlgenHfV go Panicum, cultivation and use of , v =4 sanguinale, crab grass, v r-oa texammi, v " " ,.„t. Paper and printing — Debie mill-board macliine, in -o Delcambre composing machine, in eo Exhibit of paper-bag macliine. in go paper-making machines, in .........! 47 Dorblay, D'Nayer & Co., Dautreband & Thiry, Escher Wyss & Co. Printing presses, in ^„ 49 Campbell Printing Pi-ess Company, Casey Machine and Supply Company GoIdiuR & company, Uberty Machine Worlcs, John Thompson, We, Ahu.L, & Tquet kI™,! * Thome type setting and distributing machine, in 53 Type and type-printing material, ni ,,, Setting and distributing machines, HI \. Lagerraan, Delcambre, Thome. Paper-bag machines, iii 59 GENERAL INDEX. 535 Page. Paper-making machines, ill 47 Paraguay, agricultural exhibit of , v 139 maps and apparatus, exhibit of, ii 190 tea, V 139 Parceling of soil, v 512 resolutions of international congress on, v 515 Paris, exhibit of in hygiene and public charities, ii 757 Paris, Lyons and Mediterranean Railway Company, exhibit, iii 450 Parks, C. Wellman, superintendent of liberal arts, report, 1 67 on technical in- struction, n. . . . 193 Parrot SilVer and Copper Co. , Butte, Mont. , description of works, ii 443 Parsley, most frequent seasoning herb, v 657 Parsnips, much defective seed of , V 655 raised for winter use, v 655 Parson's compound steam turbine, in 126 Particulars of boilers supplying steam in machinery hall, in 21 steam engines used in machinery hall, m 19 Pasteurizing. , {See Chauffage, under Wines.) Patents for manufacture of alloys of nickel and steel, ii 458 Pathology, vegetable, exhibit of section of , v 789 Paulet's metal railway tie, iii 516 Peam's lightning tapper, III 357 Pea-fowls, V 472 Pea-sheller, the Dondey, v 306 Peach, black spot of (Cladosporium carpophilum),Y 791 Peaches, canning of , v 670 varieties grown, V 677 where grown, v 677 and peach yellows, distribution of , v 794 Peach yellows, V 677 photographs of , v 794 Peanuts — Argentine export of , v 132 Crop and values for 1866, v 673 Cultivation of, v 98, 101, 132 and commerce in, v 673 Culture in the Rividres du Sud, v 99 Development of industry in United States, v 673 Their cultivation and commence in the United States, report of Alex. McDonald, v 673 Total crop of United States, v 674 Used in making oil, v 673 Pear, the, grown in nearly all parts of United States, v 678 varieties grown,,v 678 blight, distribution of , v 794 Pear-leaf blight (Entomosporium maailatum), v 790 Pears, canning of, v 670 Pease — Asa field crop, V. 640 early garden crop, T 653 Mode of cultivation of, v 66 Varieties of , v 66, 653 Yield of principal States, V 641 536 GENERAL INDEX. Page. Peen-to, peach from China, v °'" Pennsylvania Railroad Company exhibit, iii 495 Pepper grass, for salad, v "5" Peppers, French exhibit of , v 83 grown for pickling and seasoning, v 654 varieties grown, v 654 Perfumery, soaps, etc., n 330 Permanent charge telegraph system, iv 101 Peronospora viticola, distribution of , v "93 Perret dynamo, iv 44 Perry volt meter, iv 208 Persia, agricultural exhibit of , v 127 Peru, agricultural exhibit of , v 139 Petit & Boudiaot's system of distribntion of power by rarified air. III 218 Petroleum and natural gas — Compounds of petroleum used as insect-destroyers, v 607 Consumption of natural gas, 1 407 Exhibitors of , I 410 Exports of mineral oils, 1887-'88, 1 409 Number of wells completed, new production of crude petroleum, and average per well, 1887-'88, i 409 Pipe line deliveries of crude petroleum, 1888, I 408 Principal localities, where found, I 407 Production of crude petroleum in United States from 1859, i 408 distilled petroleum, II 643 Value of oil produced since 1860, 1 409 Phalaris canariensis, cultivation of, in France, v 55 Pharmaceutical products, II 630 Phaseolus radiatus, cultivation in Japan, v 127 vulgaris, cultivation in France, v 65 Phleum pratense, v 737 Pliocni.v dactylifera, cultivation of , v 87 Phonopore telegraphy, iv Ill Phorodon, hop, difficulties in controlling, v 606 Phosphate rock, produced in South Carolina in lS8T-'88, 1 410 " Photograph without an objective" — the" pinhole'' camera, by R. Colson, II. 307 Photographic camei-as, ii 203 Watson & Sons, of Loudon, Shaw & Co., of London, Eastman Dry Plate and Film Company, of Rochester, the *' Kodak. ^' Photographic lenses — Change in types of, ll 201 Exhibit of France, il 303 C. Berthiot, J. Zion, E. Frangais, Fleury-Herraagis. Exhibit of Great Britain, ii 202 J. H. Dallmyer & Co., Ross &• Co. Photographic proofs, display of , II 205 and apparutus, report of Prof. Spencer C. Newbury, Cornell University 201 Photographic proofs and processes — Displays of , ll 20^ Instantaneous views, by H. de Perpigna, Grassia, G. West &- Sons. Portrait work, by Walery of London, Lafayetto of Dublin, Burnside of aucrnsey, Thompson & Vander Weyde of London, Barony of New York, Soliolten & Ouerin of St. Louis, Bloch of Brooklyn, Falk of New York, Decker of Cleveland, Clark of Chicago. GENERAL INDEX. 537 Photographic proofs and processes — Continued. Diplays of— Continued. Page. The platinotype. Flexible tissues as support for film, by the Eastman Company, Rochester, New York. Gelatino-bromide paper, by the Eastman Company, Morgan & Oo. of London, Nadar of Paris. The Carbon process, by Braun of Paris. Cyanotype or blue print process. Landscape photography, by Pleury of Pontresnia, NiUe Hinnen of Zurich, Geo. F. Baker, Niagara Falls, the United States (geological Survey. Lantern slides of albumen, by J. Levy & Co. and Lachenal & Co. of Paris. Photogravure and phototypogravure, by the Groupil Co. Heliotsrpe or phototype process, by Dujardin, Berthaud, and others. Heliotype printing. Duces de Hauron process, by Qunisac & Bacquifi of Paris. Photographs of peach yellows, v 794 Photomechanical processes in photography, ll ■ 210 Photogravure and phototypogravure, heliotype or phototype process, heUotype print- ing, Duces de Hauron process. Photometer, iv 236 Phragmidium mucronatiim, v 791 PhyUosticta acericola, v 791 Phylloxera — Bureau on, v 163 Commission on, v 163 Destruction of winter egg, v 456 Grape, not yet fully investigated, v 605 Grapevine, v 443 History of , v 448 In California, v 689 Means of dispersion, v 447 Method of controlling, v 447 Present status of , v 30 Remedies against, v 30, 447 Service in France, v 164 Station in Hungary, v 154 Submersion as a remedy, v 456 Physical resources of United States, v 797 Phytophthora infestans, Y 793 Phytoptus spp. , sulphur and kerosene used to destroy, v 6U8 vitis,v 793 Pickles, exhibit of, v : 137 Piedmont section, rice grown in, v 636 Pieper arc lamp, iv 57 dynamo, iv 41 incandescent lamp, iv 66 Pig iron, production of, by countries, II 403 States. 1 379 Pigments, paints, and varnishes, ii 624 Pilter, Th., exhibit of domain of, v 93 Pimento, exhibit of , v 83 Pine, long-leafed, needles of, used as fiber, v 731 Pineapples, canning of , v 670 grown in southern Florida, v 683 Pinetti's automatic tile press, ill 430 cylinder mill for mixing clay, iii 415 forcing presses, piston and roll, in 424 538 GENERAL INDEX. Page. Pinus australis, needles of, used as fiber, v 721 process of manufacturing needles of, into fiber, v 721 Pipe-line deliveries of crude petroleum in 1888, I 408 Piquettes, how made, v 423 Pistache in Algeria, v 87 Pisum sativum, cultivation in France, v 66 Pita, fiber of century plant, v 720 Plainer light-house, m 864 Plains, grasses on the, v 737 Plan of agi'icultural exhibit, v 23 Planer for chamfering plates. III 319 Plant louse, hop, difficulties in dealing with, v 605 Plants, fungous diseases of , v 789 Plated zinc, IV 152 Plow, Fondeur's vineyard, v 316 Plum, the, where most successful, v 678 Poa arachnifera, v 738 pratensis, v 738 serotina, Y 737 Pocket galvanometer, IV 199 Poi, national diet of Hawaii, v 109 Polarized diaphragms telephone receiver, iv 123 Polariscope, Taylor's pocket, v 786 Polder, explanation of term, v J13 crops grown on, v II4 Polygonum fagopyrum, use and cultivation of , v 54 Pomelo, introduced from AVest Indies, v 683 Popcorn, in the United States, v 634 Popp system of transmitting power by compressed air and electricity (The Parisian Co., exhibitor), iii 212 Population, per cent of, engaged in agriculture, v 793 Pork products, removal of restriction on, v 495 Portable railways. III goQ Portable weapons — Exhibitors of , II 070 Winchester Arms Company, Smith * Wessou, Colt Arms Company. Leopold Ber- nard, Eley Bros., Richard & Co., Fam-4-Lepage, Gauoher-Bergai-ds, Heuse Lemoine Pieper, La SooifitS francaise de munitions, Lochet & Debertrand. ' Review by A. Van Bergen, 11 0.^3 Superior exhibit by the United States, 11 ^ 3^3 Porter, H. K., & Co., locomotive, Hi. ,qq Portrait painters of France. 11 'jj. Bonnat Gervex, Roll, Raffaelli Besnanl, Carolus-Duraud, Jleis.«unier. Portugal — Agricultural instruction in, v q„„ Exhibits: Drawing and modeling, 11 .„^ Insects, V Maps and apparatus, 11 ~ Working sections of a railroad in Angola. Musical instruments, 11 . , , Printing and books, n ""'" ' Scientific instruments, 11 ',^„ GENERAL INDEX. 539 Portugal — Continued. Exhibits— Continued. Page. Stationery, etc. , ll 158 Technical instruction, li 199 Lisbon comrnercial and industrial school. Portuguese colonies' exhibits — Agriculture, v 117 Maps and apparatus , ii 188 Printing and books, II 154 Schools, II 128 College of Regeneration, Carvalho, Lisbon. Secondary instruction, II 135 Portuguese India, agricultural exhibit of , v 119 Postal-dispatch and telegraph bureau of France, exhibit of pneumatic dis- patch tubes, III 319 Postel-Vinoy dynamo, iv 44 Potato rot (Phytophthora infestans), distribution and severity of , v 794 Potatoes — Cultivation of, in France, v 61 Distribution of , v 794 Earliest, from Bermudas, v 659 Early varieties of , v 659 Estimated acreage, 1880 to 1887, v 644 Importance of, as a field crop, v . . . ^ 643 Prices for early yield, v 659 Principal varieties of , v 63 Production by States, v 645 Soil and culture, v 643 Statistics of , in France, V 60 Sweet, French exhibit of , v 65 Where most grown, v 643 Poultry, exhibit of , v . .» 470 of the Plate farm, v 333 Powdered carbon telephone transmitter, iv 135 Powders, instruments for application of , v 355 Powdery mildew of the grape ( Uncinula ampelopsidis), v 798 Power screw press for tiles driven by friction disks, iii 416 Prairie hay, v 737 Prairies, vegetation of , v 736 Precious stones, American exhibit of , ii 387 and gems, i 413 exhibitors of (with notes of production,' cost, etc.), 1 414 produced in United States in 1887-88, includ- ing gold quartz (estimated), 1 413 Preserved fruits, centers of industry in, v 676 Preservation of wood, historical sketch of M. D. Sohon, a. c, ll 719 Preserving wood, miscellaneous American experiments in, ii 753 Presses, agricultural — Exhibitsof.v 303 Hay, trials of , v 386, 303 Mabille Brothers' wine, v 389 Masson horse, v 390 Whitman Agricultural Company, v 302 540 GENERAL INDEX. Presses, agricultural — -Continued. Paee. Whitman's forage, v 304 Wine, V 311, 889 Pretot's milling machine, lii 333 Prices for power furnished, etc., in machinery hall. III 20 paid exhibitors who supplied steam for machinery hall, lii 21 Primary instruction, II 11" Principal mineral products, United States, geographical disti-ibution of , i . . . 371 sources of graphite in the United States, l 406 pyrites in the United States, l 405 Printing presses, exhibits of , ill 49 Printing and books — Exhibits of Belgium, II 151 France, II 150 Great Britain, u 150 the United States, II 146 various countries, li 152 Report of Arthur J. Stace, commissioner, ll 145 Prize winners in textile fabrics, wearing apparel, and accessories, II 335 Prizes, agricultural, v 151, 153, 396, 443 Processes of, and progress in, the manufacture of brick and tile, m 411 Production and export of cotton, T 805 Products of forest growth and industiy, li 647 petroleum distillation, ii 643 Progress of cereal production, v 803 the optical art in England, n , 218 Proportion of cotton exported, v 805 Proust, M. Antonm, head of the art department, ll 104 Prunes, dried, v 43, 133, 127 French exhibit of , v 4:^ Japanese varieties introduced, v 678 varieties of , v 44 Primus americaiia, cultivated, v p;^ ch ie((S(i , cultivated, v G7g do}it('ntica difficult to produce in Eastern State.-*, v 678 iiinhellata, cultivated, v 67>^ Pulley lathe. III 338 Pumps — For mixing insecticides, v 609 French modification of the Riley nozzle, v 365 Japy nozzle, v 363 Of SocietiS I'Avenir Viticole, v 3^4 Kaveneau nozzle, v ojjo Riley nozzle, v 3^.., Vormorel nozzle, v ogg Pump system for snpi)lyiiiK the canal from the Jliirne to tlie Rhine, and the Eastern canal, France, III 6315 Pumping engines. III j^r^ Pumpkins, for stock and for culinary use, v g49 varieties raiseil in France, v ijg Puvillard arc lamp, iv g. Pyrites, exhibitors of . I 4^^ principal sources of , i ^^^- production of, in United States in 188'.!-'87, i 405 GENERAL INDEX. 541 Page. Pyromagnetic generator, iv 330 motor, IV 230 Pyrometer, iv 225 Q- Quadruplex telegraph system, iv 113 Quicksilver — Exhibitors of, with notes of production, etc., i 399 Produced at New Alinaden, California, from 1850, i 402 in California from 1879, I 400 the United States, 1887-88, 1 399 Quuice, grown in small lots, v 679 species introduced from China, v 679 Quinia, cultivation in Bolivia, V 133 Quinta Normal de Agricultura at Santiago, v 2^0 R, f Rabbits, exhibit of, v 473 Radiophonic multiplex telegraph system, iv 113 Radishes^ Exhibit and cultivation of , v 74 Horse, cultivation of , v 75 Not many shipped, v 660 Varieties for garden crop, v 654 Railroad electric signals, iv 134 Railway block signals — Compagnie de I'ouest, in 533 du Midi, III 531 Lesbros system, in 533 Simplex railway patents syndicate, in 530 Train staff system (Webb & Thompson), in 532 Railway bridge joint, in 510 carriages, table of general data relating to, in 543 joints and fastenings, ill 510 Railway plant — American road machines, m 538 Champion. Leader, Lamborn. Block signals, in 530 Compagnie de I'ouest, Compagnie du Midi, Lesbros system, Simplex railway pat- ents syndicate, train staff system (Webb & Thompson). Deductions and comparisons, in 540 Electric motors, in 533 Sprague Company, Thomson-Houston, International Company. Installation, ill 437 Miscellaneous United States exhibits, in 539 Bishop combination joint, Boyden power brake. Laird automatic coupler, equip- ments and suppUes by New York Commercial Company; models by Railway News Company, Steven's crossing gate, car coupler, brake, and combined anti-derailing switch, frog and crossing ; Tubular Barrow Machine Company, Warren's lever jacks. Permanent way, in 507 Webb tie, Belgian iron tie, rail joints and fastenings, bridge joint, Otis joint, HofE- meier system, wooden cross-ties, other metallic ties, Paulet system, Sandberg system, Magnat system, portable railways, Abt system for steep Inclines, hydraulic railway (Chemin de F«i' Glessant) Metropolitan Railway of Paris, miscellaneous. 542 GENERAL INDEX. Railway plant — Continued. Page. Eeport of Prof. Lewis M. Haupt, III 437 Typical exhibits, iii 438 French. — Western Railway Company, Paris, Lyons and Mediterranean Company, Woolf Engine, Compagnie des Chemins de Fer du Nord, Compagnie des Chemins de Fer du Sud, Soci6t6 Anonyme Internationale, Corapagnie Internationale des Wagons- lits, Soci6t6 G6n6ral de Chemins de Fer Ecouomique, Compagnie Bona-Guelma (Al- geria-Tunis) special motors, locomotive without fire, Compagnie des omnibus et tram- ways de Lyons, Soci6t6 des Ancifins EtablLssements Call. Belgian.— Grand Central Railway, Belgian State Railways, Tank locomotive made by La Socifite Anonyme " La Mettallurgique " of Brussels, La Soci4tS Anonyme des 6teliers de Construction de la Meuse of Liege, Usine Ragheno at Malines. English. — London, Brighton and South Coast Railway Company, Southeastern Rail- way Company, North London Railway Company, London and Northwestern Railway Company, Midland Railway Company. Swiss. — Soci6t6 Suisse of Winterthur. Italian. — Soci6t6 des Chemins de Fer de ^I6diterran6e of Milan, Soci6t4 Italienne des Chemins de Fer M^ridionaux of Florence, Miani, Silvestri et Cie. of Milan, M. Cyriaque Helson of Turin. United States. — Baldwin Engines, Pennsylvania Railroad Company, Strong locomo- tive, H. K. Porter & Co. locomotive. Special — DecauviUe Railway engine for high speed, speed regulator, Irou Car Com- pany, compressed air ftiotors. Raisin industry in California reviving, v 690 wine, method of making, v 420 Rake, elevator, description of , v 290 Ramie — Bounties offered for, in New Jersey, v 714 Cultivation of, v 86. 99, 716 How propagated, v 715 Machine trials of, 1889 : Armand-Barbier decorticator, II 520 Crozat de P'leury & Monceau process, n 524 Favier's machines, II 51g Landtsheer's machines, ii 500 Michotte's machine, n 53I report of Charles Richards Dodge, n 518 summary, 11 525 Long under cultivation in East India and China, v 715 Tested in various parts of United States, v 7I4 Uses to which fiber can be put, v 715 Rnpe, broom, as a parasite of forage plants, v 50, Rapid-firing guns, iv ogg Raspberry, anthracnose of, v i-n-i origin of , v ' ^^ Ravel gas eunine, in _ hjo Reiina liiriiriniia as a Corage plant, v en Reapers — .Vuiericiiu, V ^q^ Binding, com])etitiou of, V o^., Ligiit . V ^^.^..y.....[...'.'.'.'. o^^ Osborne No. 8, v ~'^^ Rcchuicuski dynamo, iv ), , Reconstruction of the roadway of the suspension brid-e at Tonnav Cha- re n to, lll " '' ' „ Recording ampere and volt meters, tv „ ,L Reco^ criiig tnr and ammonia from blast-furnace gases, processes of! n . . . . _ 407 .Vlexauder & McCosh, Dempter& Henderson, Addie, Neilson. GEIVEKAL INDEX. 543 Page. Red spider, treatment of , v 608 Red-tailed hawk {Buteo horealis), stomach contents, v 781 Red-top (Agrostis vulgaris), v 737 Registering photometer, Dessendier's apparatus, II 205 Regulations governing retrospective' exposition of labor and anthi'opology, i. . 159 of the superior (international) jury, I 91 Reidler, Prof., of Berlin, investigation by, of Popp's system of transmitting power by compressed air, m 216 Reiter, J. J., exhibit of turbines, iii 168 Relative value of gold and silver of Comstock Lode, I 386 exhibits in agricultural work and food industi-ies, III 27 of chemical manufactures. III 27 Remarkable specimens of jewelry, II 386 Reports on — Agi-onomy, agricultural statistics, by C. V. Riley, v 141 Alimentary products, by A. Howard Clark, expert commissioner, IT. . . . 455 Apparatus and methods of mining and metallurgy, by Henry M. Howe, III 249 Appliances and products of methods employed for the preservation of woods, by W. H. Chandler, ph. d. , ii 715 Artificial silk, manufacture of, by Charles Richards Dodge, li 526 Associated dairying in New England, by Herbert Myrick, v 565 Brick and tiles, porcelain and pottery, by H. D. Woods, c. e., iii 411 Canning industry (statistics), by E. T. Judge, v 668 Castor-bean industry (statistics), by Alex. Euston, v 663 Cattle and swine raising in the United States, by Geo. E. Morrow, v. . . . 553 Cereal products of the United States, by Geo. Wm. Hill, v 619 Chemical and pharmaceutical products, by Prof. Spencer B. Newbury, Cornell University, ll 539 Civil engineering; public works, and architecture, by William Watson, PH. D., Ill 551 Comparative composition of American and European beef, by Chas. D. Woods, V 893 Construction of chemical laboratories, by W. H. Chandler, ph. d., ii. . . . 679 Cotton industry, by James R. Binford, v 706 Dairy industry, by H. H. Wing, v 577 products, by James Cheesman, iv 616 Dyeing industry, by M. de Caux, ii 659 Economic ornithology, by C. Hart Merriam, v 779 Education and the liberal arts, by Arthur J. Staoe, commissioner, ii. . . . 115 Electricity, by Carl Hering, iv 9 Exhibition of social economy, by Wickham Hoffman, i 101 Exposition, by W. B. Franklin, commissioner-general, I. . . . , 1 W. C. Gunnell, engineer. United States commission, i 45 Farm improvements and agricultural work, by C. V. Riley and Amoiy Austin, V 231 Fermented drinks by Chas. McK. Loser, iv 721 Field trials of agricultural machines, by C. V. Riley, v 265 Fine arts, by Rush C. Hawkins, commissioner, ii 3 Flax industry in Belgium, by Chas. Richards Dodge, ii 508 and hemp industry in France, by Chas. Richards Dodge, ii 498 Forage plants and grasses, by Geo. Vasey, v 735 Forestry in the United States, by B. E. Fernow, v 743 544 GENERAL INDEX. Reports on — Continued. Page. Fruit industry, by H. E. Van Deman,v 675 Fungous diseases of plants, by B. T. Galloway, v 789 Furniture and accessories, by David Urquhart, jr. , II 291 General mechanics, by C. B. Richards, m. a., iii 71 History and present condition of agricultural science in the United States, by A. C. True, v '. 809 History of labor, by Wickham Hoffman, i 125 Horticulture, by David King, United States, expert, v 795 Hygiene and public charities, by W. H. Chandler, ph. d., li 757 Injurious and beneficial insects in the United States, by C. V. RUey, v. . 603 International Congress of Agriculture, by C. V. Riley and Amory Aus- tin, V 499 Jewelry, by Geo. F. Kunz, li 381 Leather production of the United States, by Isaac A. Bailey, v 595 Liberal arts, by C. Wellman Parks, superintendent, I 67 Live stock exhibit, by C. Y. Riley and Amory Austin, v 461 Machine tools, by Prof. John H. Barr, III 317 Machinery for knitting and embroidery, by J. M. MeiTOw, ill 365 Meat industries of the United States, by H. C. Clark, IV 539 Meteorology at the Paris Exhibition, by A. Lawrence Rotch, U 239 Microscopy of food adiilterations, by Thos. Taylor, v 783 Military and life-saving material, by Capt. D. A. Lyle, Ordnance Depart- ment United States Army, rv 261 Mineral exhibits, by Geo. F. Kunz, ii 389 resources of the United States, by W. P. Blake, I 363 Mining and metallurgy, products of, by W. H. i 'handler, ph. d.. ii 401 Northwestern Society of Beekeepers, by C. V. Riley, v 616 Optical instruments and materials, by Prof. (has. S. Hastings, Sheffield Scientific School, Yale University, ii 213 Organization, methods, and appliances of agricnltiu-al instruction, by C. V. Riley, v 161 Peanuts, their corumerce and cultivation in the United States, by Alex. McDoi.ald, V 678 " Photograph without an objective," the pinhole camera, by R. Colson, ii . 207 Photographic proofs and apparatus, by Prof. Spencer B. Newbury, II . . . 201 Proceedings of the International meteorological and hydrological and c'limatological Congresses, by A. Lawrence Rotch, delegate, II 273 Railway plant, by Prof, Lewis M. Haupt, in 437 Ramie field trials of 1888, by Clias. Richards Dodge, n 518 Rice culture, by Milton W. Whitney, V 638 Riggs collection of armor, by J, Durand, I 169 Rural assistance (agricultural), by JL Gromat, v 510 Silo and ensilage, by Herbert Myrick, v 743 Stationery, bookbinding, and articles used in painting and drawing, by Arthur J, Stace, commissioner, 11 ^.55 Statistics of agriculture, by J, R. Dodge, v , , , 797 Sugar industry of United States, by H. W. Wiley, v 691 Superior education, by Arthur J. Stace, commissioner, 11 136 jury, by George Bcrger, Commissioner-General of the Exposi- tiou. I sr> Tcclinical instruction, by C, AYellman Parks, 11 I93 Textile fabrics, wearing apparel, and acccsscivies, bv AV. H. Chaudler ™- J'-" ." ' 335 GENERAL INDEX. 545 Reports on— Continued. Page- Textile fibers of the United States, by Chas. Richard Dodge, v 695 Tobacco in the United States, by Alex. McDonald, v 725 Useful and injurious insects, by C. L. Marlatt, v 427 Vegetable products of the United States, by M. G. Kern, v 689 Vegetables, forage plants, and cereals, by Amory Austin, v 35 Vine culture, by C. V. Riley, v 309 Visit to farm at Arcy-en-Brie, by Amory Austin, v 529 Viticulture in California, by Geo. Husmann, v 688 the United States, by B. F. Clayton, v 68.J Wine-making, by C. L. Marlatt, v 369 Resin compounds used against insects, v 607 Resolution, joint, of Congress, authorizing publication of report, I ix Restaurants, concessions to, and regulations of , I 217 Retrospective exhibit of French art, ii 97 military art by the French war department, iv 295 exposition of labor and anthropology, regulations of , i 159 Reunion exhibits — Agriculture, v 97 Drawing and modeling, il 165 Maps and apparatus, ii 191 Musical instruments, il 171 Printing and books, ii 154 Reversing 26-inch blooming and rail train at Valenciennes, 5,000 horse- power, ni 308 Reviews of — Agricultural work and food industries, by C. B. Richards, m. a., iii 27 Group IV, by A. Van Bergen, ll 339 Machine tools, by C. B. Richards, m. a. , iii 28 Mechanical appliances, by C. B. Richards, m. a., iii 5 Mining and metallurgy, by C. B. Richards, m. a. , iii 24 Rhubarb, cultivation of , v 652 in France, v 69 use of , V 651 Ribes aureum, wild currant, v 681 grossularia affected by fungus, v , . 381 Mrtellum in Central and Eastern States, v 381 rubrum, cultivated currants derived from, v 681 Rice — Culture of, in French India, v 101 Sandwich Islands, v 129 South Carolina, v 635 report of Milton W. Whitney, v 635 when introduced, v 635 Lands, area of , v 638 price of , V 688 Manner of cultivating, v 637 Not cultivated in France, v 54 On alluvial swamps, v 636 Soil suited to, v 636 Upland, valued for seed, v 635 Where it can be grown, v 685 Yield of , V 638 H. Ex. 410 35 546 GENERAL INDEX. Richards, C. B., m. a.— Page. Report on general mechanics, iii 71 Review of agricultural work and food industries, m 27 macliine tools, lu 28 mechanical appliances, iii 5 mining and metallurgy, ni 24 Richards, J. W. , analyses of commercial aluminum, ii 480 Richards & Co.'s side planer, in 325 Riggs collection of armor, i 169 IV 272 Riley cyclone nozzle . , v 29, 276, 362, 610 Riley, C. V.— Articles by, v 3, 141, 339, 265, 309, 461, 480 Brief history of United States exhibit, v 491 Circular of announcement, v 851 Introduction to report, v 23 Letter of submittal (part ii), v, , 488 Toast of, at international congress, v 534 and Amory Austin, report on farm implements and agricultural work, v. 231 international congress of agrictilture, v. . . . 499 live-stock exhibit, v 461 Riley, James, paper on nickel and steel alloys, read before Glasgow Iron and Steel Institution, ii 455 Rivieres du Sud, agricultural, products of , v 99 Robert process for producing iron, description of, and exliibitors, II 413 Soci6t6 Anonyme des Hauts Fomeaux, Fonderie, Forges et Laminoirs de Stenay. Rogot petroleum engine, in 147 Roofing slate produced in the United States, 1884^'87, and value of, i 413 Root boiler. III 512 Roots cultivated in France, v 75 various garden crops of , v 654 Roscoe, Sir Henry, lecture on aluminum before Royal Institution, London, n. 466 Rose, black spot of , v 791 rust (Phraginidiuin miicrottatum). v 791 Roser boiler. III 86 Rossigneaux's pump-rod balance, HI 073 Rotch, A. Lawrence, report on meteorology at the Paris Exposition, 11 239 of proceedings of International Meteorological and International Hydrological and Climate- logical Congresses, n 273 Rouen school of art, 11 30 Roumania exhibits — Agriculture, v j jg 013 Drawing and modeling, 11 . . : jg4 Medicine and surgery, 11 j-g Printing and books, 11 ^5^ Stationery, etc. ,11 -i so School apparatus, 11 ^ o^ Secondary instruction, II -.35 Superior education, 11 ^ j, Roux, Combaluzier and Lepape Elevators, lii 200 Rubus canadensis nati ve to Northern States, v g^n ooHdeiUalis wild in Central and Eastern States, v ggO strigosiia. manner of propagation, v gj^O GENERAL INDEX. 547 Page. Rubiistrivialis in Boutb.,v 680 vUlosus, most important species of the blackberry, v 680 Rudge Cycle Company, award of gold medal for exhibit of cycles, iii 63 Bumex acetosa, cultivation of , v 82 Rural assistance, report of M. Gomot, v 510 resolutions of international congress on, v 511 house-building in America, ll 13 Rusk, J. M., letter of transmittal to Secretary of State of part ll, volume v. . . 487 Secretary of Agriculture, v 838 Russia — Agronomy of , v 157 Agronomic instruction in, v 213 Exhibits : Agronomy, v 121 Art department, ii 89 Painters in oil: M'Ue Marie Bashkirtzeff, Joseph Chelmonslti, Jean End^- gouroff,Alexis Harlanroif, Samuel Hirszenberg, Kouznetzoff, Georges Lehmann, Constantine Makouski, Joseph Pankiewiez, Ivan PranishnikofiE, Swiedomski, Vinceslas Szymanowski. Painters in water colors and pastel, and pen-and-ink artists : Adalbert Gerson, FranistmikoS, Samokich, Pierre Sokoloff. Sculptor : Pierre Jourgu^nefl. Drawing and modeling, ii 164 Furniture and accessories, n 296 Maps and apparatxis, ii 190 Caucasian Mountains, plan of Kiew. Medicine and surgery, ii 176 Meteorological section, ll /. 269 J. Timtchenko, L. Eabniowitch. Musical instruments, ii 170 Krall & Seidler Malecki, Kemtopf & Son, Glavatch. Printing and books, ll , 154 Scientific instruments, li .■ 182 School apparatus, n 128 Secondary instruction, ii 135 Stationery, etc., ll 158 Probable increased production of wheat, v 627 Rust or mildew affecting cereals, v 633 Rye, exhibits and cultivation of , v 51, 86, 120, 122 yield in United States and value, v 630 s. Saccharometer for estimating maturity of grape, V 372 Safety lamps, ni 278 Sainfoin for forage, v 55, 86 Sainte, Kahn & Co.'s emery wheels and grinders, ill 334 Salad plants, list of , v 657 Salads, varieties cultivated in France.v 80 Sale of the " Angelus," n '. 19 Salsify, cultivation of , ■« 655 Salt, production of, in United States, from 1883 to 1887, by localities, i -407 discovery of, in Kansas, l 407 New York, I 407 Salt roll for cattle, v 261 548 GENERAL INDEX. Salvador exhibits— ^^se. Agriculture, v '. 139 Drawing and modeling, ii 164 Musical instraments, II 171 Printing and books, II 154 Scientific instruments, II 182 Schools, II 139 Santa Ana National College for Young Ladies, Salmon Cafias, statistics and natural history specimens by Dr. David Guzman. Secondary instruction, li 135 Stationery, etc., ll 158 Superior education, ii 144 San Domingo exhibits of printing and books, n 153 San Marino — Agricultural instruction in, v 314 Exhibits: Agriculture, v 213 Drawing and modeling, II 164 Maps and apparatus, li 191 Schools, II 129 Secondary instruction, II 135 Superior education, ii 144 Sandberg metal railway tie, lii 517 Sandwich Islands, agricultural exhibit of. t 128 peanuts in, v 674 Sapodilla, testing of , v 684 Sautter, Lemonnier & Co. , arc lamp, iv 60 dynamo, iv 40 Saw shai-pener, ill 330 Saxony knitting machine (Abel JIachine Company exliibitor). m 38,5 Scale, fluted, progress in controlling, v gQg insects, gas treatment of , v gdg use of kerosene and resin compounds against, v (307 Scarabseid larvte, kerosene used to tlestmy, v go7 Scheme of classification, agricultural exhibit, v 04 Schmerber Brothers' power press for tiles, III 4^8 Schneider, Henri, patents for making nickel and steel alloys, 11 458 Schonheyder water meter (Beck & ( 'n. exhibitors), III ~ 334 Schools — Agricultural: Austria and Hungary, v , r., ( 'entral Practical , v „, q Ettelbriick, v o.^-j Ferrestreu, v o. ., . Free, Beauvais, v ~ ^„ National, Grignon, v .-I Montpellier, ^v ,', ^""''"■>''' •■".v;;;.";"'^;;;;";.;;:;;is7;i98.aoi Belgium, v .^^g Superior, Milan, Pisa, and Naples, v '""!'..... Al7 Upsala, and Alnarp, V . , . !">,, Art: ■•''* Algiers, II .^^ Amiens, II '.JS 6ENEEAL INDEX. 549 Schools — Continued. Art— Continued. Page- Bourges, n 29 Bordeaux, II 29 Calais, ll 29 Conservatoiredes, v : 190 Dijon, II 29 Lyons, n 29 Lille, n 29 Marseilles, ll 39 Montpellier, ll 30 Nancy, n 30 Nice, II 30 Paris, II 26 Rouen, ll , 80 St. Etienne, ii 30 Toulouse, II 30 Turcoing, n 30 Valenciennes, ii , 30 at Ada, V 201 Cassa, V 198 Debreozin, v 200 Grand Jonaw, t 179 Istvan-Telek, v -. 203 Keszthely, v 198 Kolozs-Monostor, V 198 Mont-sur-Marchiennies, V 304 Piracicaba, v 319 Prague, V 198 San-Bento-de-Lages, V 218 BUnd, deaf and dumb, exhibit of apparatus for, ii 129 Brewing, Germany, v 204 Modling and Prague, v 198 Cantonal, expenses .of the, v 215 Cornell University, ii 703 Dairy, v 315 Distilling, foimding of, recommended in France, v 518, 528 and starch making, Berlin, v 206 Farm, v 169, 186 Trois-Croix, v 168 For construction of agricultural machines, v 213 Forestry, Nancy, v 193 Grafting, V 345 Harvard University, agricultural science at, v 817 Horticultural, national, at Versailles, v 183 special, v , 204, 215 Kindergartens in France, ii 117 Lehigh University, ll 699 Lyons municipal, exhibit of , II 120 Normal, Japan, V 216 Painting, li 24 Polytechnic, federal, at Zurich, ii 705 Pomological, Ferrestreu, v 313 Technological, Massachusetts Institute, ii 699 550 GENERAL INDEX. Schools— Continued. P^se. Secondary instruction, Government, Pretoria, v 316 Shepherd, v 187 national, Moudjebeur, v 188 Sugar, industrial, v 205 Superior primary, v 191 Sylvicultural, pratical, Nogent-sur-Vernisson, v 194, 197 Veterinary : Alfort, V 196 Buda-Pesth, v 203 French, v 163, 196 Lyons, v 196 Pelatas,v 319 Yale University, ll 679 SchuylersvUle Creamery, v 568 Science, agricultural, in the United States, report of A. C. True, v 809 Scientific applications of photography, displays of , ii 306 In medicine, by Dr. Londe and Prof. Charcot ; in military operations, by French Minis- ter of War, Mr. Gaston Tissaudier, and Mr. Shadbolt ; in astronomy and meteorology ; to motions of men and animals, by M. Marey and W. Muybridge ; to scientific research, by Prof. H. A. Rowlands. Scientific instruments — Exhibits of Belgium, ll 180 France, il 177 Great Britain, ll 181 Switzerland, II 180 the United States, ii 179 various countries, ii 135 Report of Arthur J. Stace, commissioner, ii 177 Sea Island cotton, history of, by W. A. Clark, v 702 Search-light apparatus, ii , 235 Seasoning herbs, v g57 Second wines, or vins de marc, v 433 Secondary instruction — Exhibits of Brazil, n 134 Belgium, 11 i^i Switzerland, 11 I55 the United States. 11 I33 various countries. II j35 and statistics by JI. Jlorel, director of France, 11 130 Secretaries of superior jury, list of. i §4 Secretary of Agriculture, duties of , v j^og Section of vegetable pathology, exhibit of , v 7^9 Sectional steam boilers, iii na Seed — Canary, v gg Establishment of Viluiorin-Andrieux et Cie. . visited by section of in- ternational congress, v co.i Production of, v ' -I^ --^, . bol Where various sorts are grown, v Ago Seeders, competitions in, v op- oi-q Seed-testing stations, v ~ ' ~.",. Self-skimming foundry ladle. Ill 01!, Selig, Sonnethal & Cu.'s grinding machines, iii ggg GENERAL INDEX. 551 Page. Sellers' drill-grinder, ill 349 Sellers, Wm., & Co,, quick-return planer, iii 347 Senegal, exhibit of agriculture, v 98 drawing and modeling, ll 165 printing and books, ll 154 Separators, buttermilk, v 254 descriptions and figures of , v , 251 mechanical, v 250 Septosporium on grape, v 793 Sericiculture — Efforts to introduce, in United States, v 614 Exhibits of foreign countries, v 430 French exhibit, v 429 In Algeria, v 430 Australia, v 197 Hungary, v 154, 438 Resolutions international congress, v 529 Station at Montpellier, France, v 181 Padua, T 208 Statistics of , v 427 United States exhibit of , v 616 Work of U. S. Department of Agriculture in, v 615 Serpolet Bros.' exhibit of steam tricycle, m 62 Serpolet's instantaneous steam generator. Ill 93 Servia — Agricultural instruction in, v 214 Agronomy of , v 157 Exhibits: Agriculture, v 123 Maps and apparatus, ii 190 Musical instruments, ll 170 Schools, II 128 Scientific instruments, ii , . 182 Secondary instruction, ll 136 Superior education, il 144 Wearing apparel and accessories, ii 366 Setaria italiea, v 738 Seyerac's metal railway tie, ill 516 Sewing and clothing machines — Awards to United States exhibitors, in 34 International Buttonhole Machine Company, Wheeler and Wilson Manufacturing Company, Davis Sewing Machine Company, New Home Se^ving Machine Company, Singer Sewing Machine Company, White Sewing Machine Company, Paine Shoe Lasting Machine Company, medals. Classification of exhibits, in 33 Cornely, E. , exhibit of " Oouso-Brodeur," in 38 Davis Sewing Machine Company, ill 37 Derriey, M. Jules, exhibit of , ni 40 French section, exhibit in, ill 37 Hurtu & Hautin, exhibit of , in 40 International Buttonhole Sewing Machine Company, ill 84 Legat & Herbert's machine for sewing straw, in 41 Machines for sewing straw, ill 41 Paine's shoe-lasting machine, in 43 002 GENERAL INDEX. Sewing and clotliing machines — Continued. Page. Singer Manufacturing Company, iii 36 Wlieeler and Wilson Company, ni 35 White Sewing Machine Company, III 37 Shallot, used in France, v , 88 Sheep, increase of . v 803 races exhibited, v 467 Shell boilers, ni 90 Shepherd school. National, in Algeria, v 188 Ship-repair shipway at Rouen, iii 704 Shorthorns, exhibit of , v 461 Shutters for instantaneous photography, ii 203 Siam, agricultui'al exhibit of , v 128 Silicospiegel, uses of , ii 429 Silk culture, early history of , v 813 in Hawaii, v 129 United States, v 612 list of exhibits, V 851 (See also Sericiculture.) industry of the United States, v 614 raw, amount consumed in United States, v 614 worm, culture in Hawaii, v 129 Silks and silk fabrics, grand prizes awarded, ii 's^z review by A. Van Bergen, ii 351 statistics of the trade, li 354 Silo, construction and cost, v 743 and ensilage, improved, report of Herbert Myrick, v 743 Silver — Amount in United States, I 394 used industrially in the United States. I 334 Cost of production in the United States, i 334 Exported to China, Japan, The Straits, etc.. in IfSST-'MS. t 433 Produced in Nevada in 1887, 1 305 the United States from 1870. and value 384 Value of pi'oduction of , 11 403 Simonds, George F., forging machine, iii 30 Singer Company's exhibit of sewiua- niacliines. ni 36 Sisal hemp, imported from Yucatan, v r-.,.^ Sisymbrium nastiiiiiuvi, cultivation of , v Slate, I Slotting machine, iii Smith & Coveuti y's tool exhibit. III Smokeless powder, iv Snuff, tobacco best suited to manufacture o{,\ Soaps, glycerine, and stearine, 11 Social economy, review of exhibition of , i Societa Tartuf aria Spoletina, exhibit of , v Societe Agricole et Immobiliere Fi-anco-Africaine, v . Industrielle de Batna et du Sud .Vlgerien, v , . . . . ! S8 Anonyme des forges et Chantiers de la JMediterranee, exhibit of war material, naval construction, iv . 3^-,,^ industrial exhibit, in !!!!..! 4po Centrale d' Apiculture et d'Insectologie, v !!..'!!... 4^r d' Agriculture de Rennes, v 1 4,0 82 411 339 356 268 733 610 101 114 93 GENERAL INDEX. 553 Page. Societe des Agrioulteurs de France, v 143 anciens ^tablissements Call exhibit, ill 466 Chemins de Fer de la Mediterranee exhibit, ill 484 Frangaise d'Encouragement de I'lndustrie Laitiere, v 148 Generale de chemins de Fer Economique exhibit, m 463 ItaUenne des Chemins de Fer Meridionaux exhibit, lii 484 Nationale d' Agriculture de France, v 143 d'Encouragement a 1' Agriculture, v 143 Suisse of Winterthur exhibit. III 483 Societies, agricultural, V : 143,156,306 apicultural,v 157 for promoting agriculture, v 810 Society of Belgrade, agricultural, v 157 Woburn, Royal Agricultural, v 206 Prince Michael,v 157 Sohon, M. D., A. C, historical account of processes for preserving wood, II. . 719 Soja, use in Japan, v 137 Solanum, esculentum, cultivation in France, v 69 Sorghum — Cane, quantity of molasses from, v 692 Exhibits and cultivation of , v 53, 53, 83, 86 Investigation of sugar-producing capabilities of , v 693 Sugar, amount produced, v 693 used as forage plant in France, v 53 White, used by Arabs, v 54 Sorghum halepense (Johnson grass), v 738 saccharatum, cultivation in United States, v 693 Soups, canning of , v 548 South African Republic — Agricultural instruction in, v 316 Exhibits: Agriculture, Y. 126 Maps and apparatus, li 191 Musical instruments, II 171 South and Central America, condition of art in, ll 96 South Kensington Museum, influence of, ii 15 Space allotted to exhibits in general mechanics, in 71 occupied by exhibitors in machinery, in 13 Spain exhibits — Art department, il 58 Painters : Luis Alvarez, Jos6 J. Araad^. Jos6 Casado del Alesal, Antonio Gisbert, Felix Besurrecion Hidalgo, Louis Jiminez, Raimundo de Madrozo, Jos6 Carbonero Moreno, Franeisoa Pradilla, Martin Eico, Emilio Francis y Sala. Pen-and-ink artist : Daniel Urrabieta Vierge. Drawing and modeUng, ii 163 Lazaro, Artistic Society of Barcelona, school of art at Ferrol. Insects, V .- 443 Maps and apparatus, ii 190 Medicine and surgery, n 176 Musical instruments, ii 170 Printing and books, II 153 Scientific instruments, ll 182 Schools, II 138 Cadiz Academy of Fine Arts, Cadiz School of Arts and Trades, Madrid Art School, Barcelona Institute. 554 GENERAL INDEX. Spain exhibits — Continued. Page. Secondary instruction, li 1"'^ Stationery, etc. , II ^^'^ Superior education, II 143 Technical instruction, II 1"" Barcelona Association of Industrial Engineers, Spanish colonies, agricultural exhibit of . v 125 measles of the grape, v '^^^ moss used in mattresses, v 721 Special grinding machinery for rectifying, iii 343 Special railway engines and appliances — Decauville railway, iii 500 Engine for high speed, iii 501 Railway motors, iii 464 Speed regulator, iii 502 Special wines, v 406 Specimens of iron construction in Paris, III 801 Speed register of electricity, iv 238 Sperry dynamo, IV 43 Sphcerdla fragariai, v 790 Spices and condiments, IV 714 Spider, red, kerosene and sulphur used against, v 608 Spinach, culture of, v 82 varieties sown, v 656 Spinning and weaving machines ; awards to United States exhibitors, iii . . . 32 National Cordage Company: Eureka Fire-Hose Company. Spirits, alcohol, IV 776 Sponge cucumber, used in South America and West Indies, v 722 Spot disease of the maple (Phyllosticta acericola). v 791 Sprague electric railway system, iv 73 Spray nozzles, consideration of , v 610 Spraying machines, enumeration of , v 276 Sprayers — Consideration of , v 2~'). 361 Frechou, v o-~ Japy, V 275 363 Noel nozzle, v 077 Pilter-Bourdil, v 079 Riley nozzle, v .jg 07(5 3^2 Roth, V ; ' .177 Vermorel, v o'C), OSl Yvert, V " .^^^ Spring-needle circular-knitting machine (J. S. Crane A t\i, exhibitors). III. 390 Squashes, average price of , v aan varieties grown, v ,.-.. in Fi-ance, v 7P St. Etienne School of Art, 11 .^^•^ St. Luke's Hospital, South Bethlehem. Pa., description of, 11 805 St. Pierre and Miquelon fishery, exhibit of, v jq5 Stace, Arthur J., commissioner, report on education and tlie Hberal arts. n. . 115 stationery, bookbinding, and arti- cles used in painting and draw- ing- n 1,-.,-, superior edui;ition, u 13(i GENERAL INDEX. 555 Page. Stachys tiibifera, qualities of , v 76 Staff of Commissioner-General of United States, 1 75 Standard cell for measuring electricity, iv 334 Standards for dietaries, v 808 Starch-making and distilling, school of, at Berlin, v 206 State encouragement to art students and artists, ii 33 Stationery, bookbinding, and articles used in painting and drawing — Exhibits of various countries, n 156 Report of Arthur J. Stace, commissioner, ii 155 Stations — Agronomic, v 147, 207, 224 Campinas, v 159 Pas-de-Calais, v 149 Pondicherry, v 101 Chemico-agricultural, v 154 Experiment, v 194 For trials of machinery, v 154 Seed-testing, v 153, 175 Sericicultural, v 181, 308 Statistics of admission to the Exposition, i 316 agriculture of the United States, v 797 Statues and monuments generally considered, n 6 Steam engines — Exhibit of , III 98 In British section, in 135 Davy, Paxman & Co. United States section, in 133 C. H. Brown & Co. ; Straight Line Engine Oompany; Armington&Sims; Jerome Wheelock. • Steam gauges, in 324 indicators, in 333. Steel bridge at Rouen on the Seine, in 745 magnets, iv 346 mine cars, ni 287 production of, by countries, n 403 rails, production of , I 379 Steinler & Co.'s machine works and tool exhibit, in 38, 839 Stemmer, Gaillot's rotating, v 378 Stemming of grapes, v 377 Steno-telegraphy, iv 103 Stirrer pump for insecticides, v 609 Stock yard, Chicago, v 541 Stomach contents of crows, v 780 Straight-knitting machines, in 376 with fashioning mechanism, ni 386 power mechanism, in 380 Straight-Line Engine Company's exhibit, in 124 Strangleweed, parasitic on forage plants, v 56 Stratton's tree-planter, v 306 Strawberry, grown in all parts of United States, v 679 where most grown, v 680 leaf -blight (Sphcerella fragarim), v 790 Strawbinding harvester, v 390 556 GENERAL INDEX. Page. Strawsonizer, use and description of , v 304 String beans, price of early yield, v °"0 Strong locomotive. III Submarine cable telegraphy, iv ^^^ Sucrose, per cent of, in maple sap, v °^1 Sugar— Beet, cultivated extensively in Belgmm, v i"' cultivation of , v 71, 97 industry of, Austria and Hungary, v 105 Sandwich Islands, v 128 varieties of , v ' ** Cane,v 103,117,128,135,693 Corn, canning of, V ^'^0 raised as a kitchen vegetable, v 649 Cultivation in Madagascar, v 100 New Caledonia, v 103 From beets, v 520, 692 Industry, IV 665 in United States, report of H. W. Wiley, v 691 Maple, V 691 Production and consumption, v 519 Sorghum, v 69- used for forage in France, v 53 Sulpho-carbonate of potassium for Phylloxera, v 454 Sulphur, fumes of, used to bleach hops, v 666 and kerosene, used as remedies against mites, v 608 Sulphur and sulphuric acid — Bisulphide of carbon (sulphocarbonite), ii : 543 Dioxide and sulphites, ll . . .• 542 Fuming sulphuric acid, il 556 Refining of , II , 540 Sulphur and its derivations, ii -. 535 materials of manufacture and processes of , I. . . . 547 methods of extraction, II 536 Sulzer's engine, ill 116 Sunbeam (Jansen's) incandescent lamp, iv 66 Superior education — Exhibits of Belgian establishments for, li 138 Director of, and of the Minister of Public Instruction and Fine Arts of France, ll 137 work from establishments for, in Switzerland. ll 143 the United States. II 140 various countries, II 143 Report of Arthur J. Stace, commissioner, ii 136 Superior jury — Distribution of foreign members by countries and by classes, i 95 List of members of , l 83 secretaries of , I 84 Regulations governing, i 91 Report of Georges Berger, Commissioner-General of the Exposition, l... 85 Surinam, source of peanut supply for Antilles, v 674 Sweden — Agricultural instruction in, v 214 GENERAL INDEX. 557 Sweden — Continued. Exhibits ; Page. Agriculture, v 116 Art department, ll 93 Painters in oil : Richard Bergh, Nils Forsberg, Auguste Hagborg, Ernest Joseph- son, Cai-1 Larsson, Bruno Lilijefors, Allan Osterlind, M'lle Hanna Pauli-Hirseh Hugo Salmson, Alfred Wahlberg, Anders Zom. Painters in water colors and pastel : Carl Larsson, Robert Thegertrom, Alf Wallender, Anders Zom. Sculptor : Pierre Hasselberg. Technical instruction, ii 199 Sweet potatoes — Cultivation of , v 646 French exhibit of , v 65 Prices for early and late supply, v 659 Production by States, v 647 Where grown, V 646 Swine — Asiatic race, v 469 At Chicago fat-stock show, v 564 Breeds exhibifed, v 468 kept in United States, v 561 Celtic race, v 468 Iberian race, v 469 Increase of , v 803 Manner of fattening, v 563 Products, average export of , v 805 Switches for electric lines, IV 83 Switzerland — Agricultural instruction in, v 214 At the cattle show, v 464 Exhibits : Agriculture, v 125 Apiculture, v 438 Art department, ii 94 Painters : Baud Bovy, Ernest BiSier, Louise Breslau, Eugene Bernand, Jules Girodet, Charles Giron, Edouard Ravel. Alphon.se Stengelin. Chemical and pharmaceutical products, ii 610 J. H. Pestalozzi, Societe pour I'lndustrie chimique. Drawing and modeling, ii 163 Homberg, of Berne ; Orell, Fiissli & Co, of Zurich. Furniture and accessories, II 395 Live stock, v 464 Maps and apparatus, il 187 Simon, of Basel, Imfeld, Ringier, of Berne, Heine, of Zurich, Federal topo- graphic office, Bonthillier de Beaumont, Hofer & Bergers, Wurster, Bandegger &Co. Medicine and surgery, ii 176 Wienaud, Schenkler, Reverdin. Meteorological section, li 264 Th, Usteri Reinacher, of Zurich. Musical instruments, ii 169 Rordorf & Co., Trost & Co., Baiger, Wahlen, Siebenhuner, Wolff. Printing and books, iI 152 Cantonal School of Industrial Arts, Geneva ; CoUiond , of Berne ; Clo, of Sion ; Sin- fSoutre, of Basel. 558 GENERAL INDEX. Switzerland — Continued. Exhibits— Continued. ^*^- Railways, m "^83 School system, statistics, and methods, ii 136 Scientific instruments, ll 180 Kem & Company, Genevese Society, Usteri-Rienacher, Amsler-Loflon & Son, Klingelfuss, Despres, Cliatelain, Coradi. Secondary instruction, ii 133 Baechtold, Hassig, Hofer & Burger, Kradolfer, Lussy. Orell Fussli & Co., Tro- chsler, Wettstein & Co. Stationery, etc., II 157 Superior education, II 143 Zurich School of Art and Female Labor, International League for Sunday Observance, Orell, FiissU & Company, Zurich. Technical instruction, II 199 Girls' schools of Zurich and Locle, Technical school of Wintherthur. Sylviculture, instruction in, v 194, 215 Syndicates, professional agricultui-al, v 143 Synopsis of classification of exhibits, i 358 System of art education in France, ii '. 23 Systems of transmission and distribution of electricity, iv 67 T. Tables of— Corn distribution in United States, v 799 Cost of transmitting power. III 161 Cotton and tobacco distribution, v 801 Oats distribution, v 800 Wheat distribution in United States, v 7i)K Tahiti, agi-icultural exhibit of , v 104 di-awing and modeling, exhibit of , U 165 Tail rope counterweight at Lyons coal shaft, m 2T0 Tan barks, exhibit of , v 774 Tank locomotive, made by la Soci6t6 " La MetaUurgique " of Brussels, in. . . 472 Tanning, foi-mula for, v 598 materials, analyses of , v 77.5 Tap straightening machines, in 324 Tapestry, carpets, etc. — Exhibits of Avistria-Hungary, 11 308 Fiaiu-e. II 306 Great Britain, 11 3O8 Holland, ll 3O8 Number of exhibitors, II 3O6 Report of David Urquliart, jr., 11 30g Tara.vttcitin ih'iin-leoiiix, cultivation of , v ^o Taro, cultivation of. in Oceanirii, v ^.x^ Tarragon, use and propagation, v j^g Tartar, obtained from marc, v 4.14 Tasimotcr, iv oog Tasmania, mineral exhibit of , v j j.> producing peanuts, v g.j4 Taucarville lock, single gate, canal from Havre to Taucarville, lii " 700 Taylor. Thomas, report on microscopy and food adulterations, v 783 Taylor's gas engine, lii -.a^ GENERAL INDEX. 559 Page. Taylor's combination freezing microtome, v 787 pocket polariscope, v 786 Tea industry, IV 709 Technical instruction — Exhibits of France, ll 194 Industrial Scholars' Museum, ii 194 the United States, ll 196 various countries, li 198 History of, in France, ii 193 Report of C. Wellman Parks, li 193 Technical strength of the French School of Art, ii 20 Telegraphy and telephony — Telegi-aphy, iv 99 Single transmission systems— Hughes' apparatus, Estienne, Herodote, permanent charge, steno-telegraphy, train telegraphy, telephonograph, autographic, Gray's telautograph ; automatic telegraphy — Wheatstone, Meyer automatic repeater ; diplex systems, duplex systems— Edison, Hughes, phonopore telegraphy ; quadruplex sys- tems, multiplex systems — Hughes, radiophonic, Limon, Claude ; submarine cable telegraphy, accessories. Telephony, iv 119 Systems in France, receivers — Ader, double diaphragms, concentric poles, polarized diaphragms ; transmitters — microphone, powdered carbon, Ader long-distance tele- phone ; accessories, systems of transmission, miscellaneous. Telephone apparatus for divers, iv 130 bullet probe, iv 131 transmission systems, IV 137 Telephonograph, iv „. 104 Telephonographic transmission, rv 131 Tendencies of modern art, ii 16 Teosinte, as a forage crop, v 56 Terquem, E., superintendent of display of American publications, ll 149 Terrot's circular knitting machine, in 391 with spring needles, iii 393 Tests of gas consumption by gas engines, lil 143 Tetranychus telarius, treatment of , v 608 Texas bluegrass (Poa arachnifera), v 738 millet {Panieum texanum), v ; 738 Textile fabrics, wearing apparel, and accessories — Classified table of exhibitors and awards by countries, il 336 Prize winners in the United States, ll .... 335 Report of W. H. Chandler, ph. d., F. c. s., ii 835 Review by A. Van Bergen, ii 339 Textile fibers of United States, v 695 list of exhibits, v 869 report of Charles Richards Dodge, v 695 Theatrophone, iv 130 Thermogenerators — Chalk battery (Edison), iv , 330 Chaudron, iv 239 Clarmond-Carpentier, iv 330 Pyromagnetic motor, rv 230 Thompson, John, water meter, iii ; 241 Thomson-Houston amperemeter, rv 310 arc light, iv 59 dynamo and motor, rv 38, 44 560 GENERAL INDEX, Page. Thomson-Houston electric railway system, rv 73 Thomson (Elihu) amperemeter, iv 210 ampere-hour meter, l v 223 apparatus for research into electricity, iv 227 arc light, iv 59 compensating system of transmitting electricitj', iv 69, 71 galvanometer, iv 191 Thomson (Sir William) standard ampere balances, iv 211 Thome type setting and distributing machine, exhibit of , in 53 Thread and fabrics of hemp, flax, etc. , exhibit of France, il 347 review of A. Van Bergen, ii 347 Thury dynamo, iv 34 Tillandlia usenoides, substitute for curled hair in mattresses, v 721 Timothy (Phleum pratense), v 737 Tin- Discussion by Prof. J. S. Newberry on deposits in the United States, n. . 144 Exhibitors of (with notes), I 404 ore, II 447 Cleveland Tin Mining Company, Hamey Peak Tin Mining Company. Where found in United States, i 404 Tieste, national beverage of Nicaragua, v 139 Tobacco — Area cultivated, v 730 Attempts to repress use of ,v 726 Botanical description of , v 707 Early culture in Maryland, v 709 Virginia, V 707 Exhibits and cultivation of , v 101 . 1 20, 126, 133 In the United States, v 705 Increase of crop, v gOl Introduction into Europe, v 726 Its manufacture, v 73O List of exhibits, v §75 Notes, currency of colonial Virginia, v 707 Order of cities in manufacture of , v 730 States in manufacture of , v 730 Origin of name, v n.05 Report of Alex. McDonald, v 705 Principal types and their uses, v 733 Producing belt of , v i^g^ Production restricted, v j{(y> Recent distribution of crop, v t-og Varieties of, v go and distribution, v i^o-i Whence exported, v " " ,.00 Tobacco and cotton distx-ibution, v m,^ Tomatoes — Canning of , v „-„ (Cultivation of , V ,,.., . „ b52 ui France, v |,q r^-ices of early product, v ,,„„ „ . , . , " , „ , • wO Requu-e high degree of heat, v ^^2 Varieties grown, v. 6.'i3 in France, V ^.q GENERAL INDEX. 561 Page. Tonkin, agricultural products of , v 102 Topinambour, cultivation and use of, v 75 Torcy-neuf reservoir for feeding the Central Canal, France, iii 613 TorriceUi's telescope in the physical museum at Florence, ii 216 Total amount of dividends paid by certain American mines to 1888, i 418 Toulouse school of art, ii 30 Towage for boats by a submerged chain with a fireless engine. III 631 Toys- Exhibitors of , n 377 Emile Jumeau, Steiner, Chevrot, Rabery, Lef evre Brothers, Bourgeois, Vichy Rossig- nol, Niquet & Bouchet, Villard &, Wei], Crauser, Desportes, Delegrave, Mall6te, Bass6e,- GrosseReynaud, Maning, Brissouet Laurent, Lepierr6 Chauvin, BaziD , Blanchon, Julien, Maury, ThibouvUle & Lamy, Bolleau & Toiseau, Bigot, Duthiel, Duhotoy, Chenel, Mon- charmont, Janou Jost, Foin & Dumon, Arthaud, Halle, Dumont, Carrgire, Sev^tte, Run- galdier, RouUeau, Mercier, Poudra, TdJon, Pean, Foliot, Ouach6e. Review by A. Van Bergen, II 376 Trade of United States, foreign, for 1887-'88, v 807 Train telegraphy, iv 104 Training rivers through tidal estuaries, essay by Prof. Vernon- Harcourt, iii . . 653 Transformer system of transmitting electricity, iv 71 Transformers, electric, iv 49 Traveling and camp equipage — Exhibitors of , ll 875 Macldntoshes ; Mr. Macliintosh ; waterproof garments, Fayaud ; Guibal ; Hutchinson ; Torrilhon. Rubber shoes : Boston India Rubber Shoe Company. Camp bed : M. Thuan, Tents ; M. Quillons, Furniture : M. Clair-Leproust ; Marks's Adjustable Folding Chair Company. Review by A. Van Bergen, ii 375 Traversing bridge over dock locks at St. Malo-St. Suran, iii 718 Tree-planting machine, v 29, 306 Trichiniasis, v 551 Tritiewm durum, cultivation in Algeria, v 85 Tropical fruits, v 683 True, A. C, history and present condition of agricultural science jn United States, V 809 Truffles- Collecting, by means of trained dogs and hogs, v 43 Exhibit of, V 38 Exportation of , v 43 Italian, V 43 Nature and mode of occurrence, v 41 Perigord and other varieties, v 43 Produced in France in 1869, v 43 Tuber wstivum, v 43 l>rumale,Y 42 magnatum, v 43 melanosporum, v 43 mesentericum, v , 43 Tunis- Farming tools of ,v 90 Vegetable productsof, v 93 Exhibits : Agriculture, v 90 H, Ex, 410 36 562 GENEKAL INDEX. Tunis — Continued. Exhibits— Continued. Page. Drawing and modeling, ii 165 Printing and books, II 154 Secondary instruction, ii 136 Superior education, ii 145 Tunnel through Cabres Pass, ill 773 Tuns, consideration of , v 394 Turcoing school of art, II 80 Turnips, cultivation of , v 74, 648 early spring supply, v 6.55 for stock and for table, v 648 Turpentine orcharding, v 771 Turrettini, Col., tables by, of cost of transmitting power, m 161 Tuttle knitting machine (Lamb Company exhibitor), ii 1 398 Type and type-printing material, iii 51 setting and distributing machines, ill 51 writers, exhibit of , ill 55 U. Uncinula ampelopsidis, v 792 United States — Exhibitors: Alphabetical catalogue of , i 344 Classified catalogue of , i 361 List of awards to, and collaborators, i 434 donations made by , 1 453 Exhibits: Agriculture, brief history of , v 491 general classification of , v 493 press reviews of , v §87 Apiculture, v 43g Art department (and review of in Journal des Debats), 11 61 General Painters: \Vm. S. Allen, J. Carroll Beckwith, Edward A. Bell, Henry S. Bisbing, Robert F. Blum, Frank N. Boggs, Robert B.Brandegee, Frank A. Brldg- man, Howard R. Butler, Wm, M. Chase, Wm. A. Coffin, Kenyon Cox, Wm. P.W. Dana. Wm. T. Dannat, Charles H. Davis, Thos W Deering, Wm. L. Dodge, c' Ruger Donoho, Henry F.Farney. Frank Fowler, Gilbert Gaul, Walter Gay, Carl Gutherez, Alexander Harrison, Birge Harrieon, Edward L. Henry. George Hitch- cook, Wm. H. Howe, Daniel R. Knight. Walter MacEwen, J.Gari Jlelchers, H, Humphrey Jloore, Henry Mosler, J, Douglass Patrick, Charles D. PeArce Henry G. Plumb. Charles S. Reinhart, William T. Richard.s, John L, Sargeaut, Julius L Stewart, Julian R, Story, Abbott H, Thayer, Wordsworth Thompson G .* Tnies- dell, Charles F, Ulrich, Eugene L. Vail, Horatio Walker, E. L, Weeks and J Alden Weir-. Portrait paintei-s : Andei-snn, M'lle Beaux, G. B. Butler. Cauldwell Delachaux Eakins, \\-. Eaton, Forbes. Healy, Hinckley, Hmitington, Ishan,, Johnson M'lle Kellogg, Mme. Klumpke, Loekwood, Meza, Newman, Petei-s, Porter Renout Rice Strickland, Tai-bell, Throop. Vonnoh, Wight, and Wiles, Landscaiie paintei-s ; Benson, Boyden, Biix-h, Bristol, C, H Eaton Fisher Git ford, Gross, Haas (maiine), H, Hamilton, J, 51. Hart, Hassam, Hayden Innes Bolton Jones, MacEntee, Macy, Miller, Minor, XiooU. Parton, Robbius, Van Bos- kerck, Whiteman, Whittridge, Wickenden, Ogden. Wood, and Wyant Historical and genre painters ; Bacon, Baird. Birnev. Bla^hfleld. J G Brown Darling, Denman, Dolph.Freor, Elizabeth Gai-dner, Hovenden, Irwin, Kavanab" Koehler.S illett,M„eller,Pottl,ast, Ryder, Shirlaw, Stokes, Turner, Vedder Volk' Ward,\\ebb,Witt,andT, W, Wood. . >^'"-. GENERAL INDEX. 5fi3 United States — Continued. Exhibits — Continued . Art department, etc. — Continued. Page. Water color, pen and ink, and pastel artists: Edward A. Abbey, Charles S. Eein- ~ hart, Julius L. Stewart, WilUam H. Low, Fred Remington, Julius Eolshoven.Rosina E. Sherwood, William J. Whittemore, William H. Drake, Eliza Greatorex, Joseph Penuell, Irving W. Wiles, E.H.Blashfleld, M.H.Gibson, and A. C. Redwood. Sculptors: S. H. Adams, Paul W. Bartlett, H. H. Kitson, Miss T. A. Haggles, and Olin L. Wamerr Engravers : Aikman (Miss), Bemstrom, Closson, Cole, Davidson, Davis, French, Johnson, King, Kingsley, Kruell, Lindsay, Miller, Caroline A. Powell, Putnam, Smithweck, Standenbour, Tinkey, Varley, Wellington, and Wolff. Ceramics, ii 302 Eookwood pottery. Chemical and pharmaceutical products, il 542 Seabury & Johnson, Armour & Co., Le Page & Co., Christine Lugano, MacUsh Russian Cement Company (Gloucester), GSeorge Upton, Everett, Ward 3c Co., R. W. Bell Manufacturing Company, Broolshaven Rubber Shoe Company, Re- vere Rubber Company, Waterbury Company, Henry M. Johnson, Valentine & Co., F. W. Devoe & Co., Frederic Crane Chemical Company, B. F. Brown & Co., Fairchild Bros. & Foster, W. R. Warner & Co., Chesebrough Manufacturing Company, Borne, Sorymser & Co., F. S. Pease & Co., and Garner & Co. Clocks and watches, ii 331 Trenton and Waterbury Watch Companies, Tiffany & Co. Decorated papers, il 310 Warren, Lange & Co. Drawing and modeling, ll 160 Morgan, of Chicago, Maillard, Caroline S. Brooks, Baldwin & Gleason Com- pany, Cooperative Building Plan Association of New York, Dashiel, Edwards, Harris, Roth. Furniture and accessories, ll 296 Brunswick-Balke-CoUender Company, Cutler & Son, Derby Kilmer Company, Werklen. Goldsmiths' and silversmiths' work, ii 314 Tiffany & Co., Gorhara and Meriden Brittannia Companies. Heating apparatus, II 333 Stoves, by Simpson. Maps and apparatus, ll 186 Department of Agriculture ; geological maps of Wisconsin, Pennsylvania, Min- nesota, New Jersey, and New York ; McNally & Co. ; Hall, of Albany ; Foote, of Philadelphia; Whitehouse, General Greely. Medicine and surgery, II 175 Frees, Rhodes, Lena M. Hoffman, Seabury & Johnson, Fell, Piper, Doremus & Co., Pomeroy Truss Company, Cleopatra K. Farrington, Schott, Roy, Nichol- son, Knapp, Brown, Farley. Meteorological section, ll 363 Signal service. Musical instruction, il 170 Musical instruments, ll 170 Weber, Dion, Bohmann. Portable weapons, ll 873 Precious stones, ll 387 Printing and books, ll , , 146 Houghton, Mifflin & Co., Appleton & Co., Gebbie & Co., Ivlson, Blakeman & Co., G. C. Merriam & Co., George Bai-rie, Estes & Lauriat, Lippinoott Company, D. Lothrop&Co., Barnes & Co., L. Prang & Co., Tainter Brothers & Co., Robert M. 664 GENEKAL INDEX. United States — Continued. Exhibits — Continued. Printing, etc. — Continued. F^e. Lindsay, McClurg & Co., Dodd, Mead & Co.. Henry Carey Baird & Co , Frederick A. Stolces & Bro., John Wiley & Sons, Century Company, Johns Hopkins Uni- versity, University Publishing Company, American Bookseller, Dramatic Mirror, Coutanseau's Monthly Bulletin, School Bulletin Publications, Photo-Electrotype Engraving Company , Breutano's, War and Navy Department. Austin's System of Chemical Labels, Armstrong & Knauers "Manufactures of the United States for Domestic and Foreign Trade." Eailways, li 485 Baldwin engines, Pennsylvania Company, H. K. Porter & Co.'s locomotives. Strong locomotives. Schools, II 156 Boston Public Schools ; " Cooper Union ;" Convent of Good Shepherd. Newport, Kentucky; Elizabeth (New Jersey) public school; Christiansen Institute of Brooklyn ; Institute of Our Lady of the Sacred Heart, Washington Heights, Illinois ; Marianna Institute, Arkansas ; Moline (Illinois) public schools ; Mystic Valley Institute, Mystic Bridge, Connecticut ; Penn School, St. Helena Isiland, South Carolina ; Rowland Hall school. Salt Lake City ; Silver street Kindergar- ten, San Francisco ; Sockanosset school for boys, Howard, Ehode Island ; Mary- land Normal School; Cold Water (Michigan) pubUc schools; Union school, Portsmouth, New Hampshire. Scientific insti-uments, ii 186 The Adder Company, United States Observatory, Signal Service, Department of Agricultiu*e, Darling, Brown & Sharp, Mary A. Booth, Dion, Hollerith. Secondaiy instruction, ii 178 G. A. Bobrick & Co. ; Indian School, Carlisle, Pennsylvania : Howard Female College, Gallatin, Tennessee ; Institute for Training Colored Ministers, Tusca- loosa, Alabama ; Michigan Female Seminary, Kalamazoo ; Alabama Normal School, Tuskogee ; Philadelphia Manual Training School ; St. Stanislaus Com- mercial College, Bay St. Louis, Missouri. Stationery, etc. , ii 156 Baumgartan & Son, Greylock Paper Mills, Warren & Co., Fairchild & Co., Carter, Dinsmore & Co., S. S. Stafford. Underwood & Co., W. E. Morgan, Storj- & Fox, Waterman & Co., Weeks & Campbell. Superior education, ii 140 Prof. C. Wellman Parks, Prof. H. .\. Rowland. Johns Hopkms University. Ala- bama Polytechnic Institute, Massachusett.'^ College of Pharma.?y, Rens.salaer Polytechnic Institute, college papers, photographs. Technical instruction, ii 1% Eenssalaer Polytechnic School, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Ste- vens Institute of Technology, Cornell and Lehigh Univei-sities, Alabama Poly- technic Institute, Univei-sity of Illinois, St. Louis and Philadelphia manual trainmg schools. Women's art school of Cooper Union, Eastman Business College. Jurors, list of , 1 99 Portable weapons, superior, exhibit of , 11 373 Section in Machinery Hall, 111 9 Signal service, exhibit in meteorological section, 11 263 Trade balances of the, v )i07 United States of Colombia, agricultural exhibit of , v 1 3,5 Universal exposition of 1889, 11 Ig reversing plate mill of Chatillon et Oommentrv. m 305 Unprofitable traveling, h j4 Urquhart, David, jr.. report on furniture and accessories, 11 291 Uruguay — Agricultural association of, v I59 GENEKAL INDEX. 565 Uruguay — Continued. Exhibits: Page. Agriculture, T , . , 140 Drawing and modeling, n 164 Maps and apparatus, ll 190 Montevideo. Printing and books, u 154 School furniture, n 129 Secondary instruction, n 136 Technical instruction, n 199 Useful and injurious insects, report of C. L. Marlott, v 427 Usine Rogheno at Marines, ni 473 V. Valenciennes school of art, n 30 Valentine, John J. , annual statement of production of gold, silver, lead, and copper west of the Missouri River in 1888, and production and coinage of Mexico, 1 431 Value of beef products, v 804 mineral products, n 403 Van Bergen, A. , review of Group rv, ii 339 Van Deman, H. E., report on fruit industry, v 675 VaniUa cultivation in Reunion, v 97 Vasey, George, report on forage plants and grasses, v 735 Vats- Consideration of , V 311, 382 Fermentation, v 383 Made of glazed bricks, v 382 wood, V 882 Open or closed, v 383 Vault, its difference from the cellar, v 395 Vedalia eardinalis, imported to destroy fluted scale, v 606 Vegetable fruits, v 653 oyster, cultivation of , v , 655 products, interstate traffic in, v 660 not foods, list of exhibits, v 869 of United States, report of W. G. Kern, v 689 Vegetables — Exhibits of , v 35, 61, 90, 93, 97, 106, 113, 120, 124, 136, 137, 140 Farinaceous, v 113, 137, 140 French exhibit of , v 35 Grown on polders, v ^ 114 List of exhibits, v 863 Perennial, doubly valuable, v 651 Preserved by Appert method, v 36 Vegetables, forage plants and cereals, report of Amory Austin, v 35 Venezuela exhibits — Agriculture, v 140 Drawing and modeling, il 164 Insects, V 443 Printing and books, n 154 Stationery, etc. , n 158 Superior education, n ,. . 144 566 GENERAL INDEX. Page. "Vernon-Harcourt, Prof., essay on training rivers through tidal estuaries, m. . 653 Veterinary hospital at Lisbon, v 210 in Chile, v 235 school at Alfort, v , 196 Lyons, v 196 of the Haras, v 197 instruction, v 173, 195 science at Lisbon, v 209 Viaduct over the river at Tardes, ill 769 Victoria, agi'icultural exhibit of , v 108 instruction in, v 216 experimental farm of , v 159 VUlez movable dam on the Seine, iii 606 VUmorin-Andrieux et Cie., visit of international agricultural congress to, v. . 553 Vine cultivation, report of C. V. RUey, v 309 culture, areas adapted to, v 685 Vines — ^stivalis class of, v 345 American, v 345 Collection of American vines in France, v 312 Diseases of,v 311,349 Grafting on cuttings, v 343 Hybrid, V 347 Labrusca class of, v 347 Method of planting, v 317 Planting in sand against Phylloxera, v 328 Propagation of, by grafts, v 303 Present status of American, v 348 Riparia class of , v 34g Rupestris class of , v 347 Vineyards, cultivation of , v 335 of Tunis, V 95 Vintage, correction and amelioration of , v 391 in California, v ggg Virginia, early culture of tobacco in, v ^.>Y Viticulture — Exhibits of , v oao 313 In California, V gcjo Hungary, v ' ' ' ' ' " jg^ United States, v " ggg List of exhibits in, v oc.^ Machinery, implements, etc.. for. v " .3:0, 311, 31.-), 335. 336 Resolutions international congress ou, v -yio Soils for, V " .^r . Statistics of, v 1J5 Vitin vinifera, in California, \ " j.^q Wages, average, for 1888, v of farm labor, v . . . rates of , v 807 807 Ward, Henry L. , Rochester, N. Y. , exhibit of Mexican mammals and birds li 143 Warner & Swasey's Monitor lathe, III ' " ogg GENERAL INDEX. 567 Page. Washington, D. C. , architecture, rt 5 as an art center, ii 4 State, hop-raising district of , v 667 Water colors and pastels, ll .' 44 cress, a paying crop in suitable localities, v 657 cultivation of, v. , 83 Water meters, lll 334 Watermelons — Grown on Danube, v 180 Not much cultivated in France, v 79 Prices for, v 660 Raised by planters of South, v 660 Where most grown, v 658 Watson, William, ph. d., report on civil engineering, public works, and architecture, ill 551 Wearing apparel for both sexes — Exhibitors of , ll 368 Hats : Christy & Co., John B. Stetson & Co., Fanien. Mossant, Tirard. Boots and shoes : Manfield & Son, John Lobb, Kompert Bros., Marexiano of Monte- video, Eanciot, Schwartz, Coquillot, Jeandrou-Ferry, Bisch, Finet. Feather trimmings : Mirtil Mayer. Liveries : Sutton. Dresses : Mad. Morgaine. Pasquier Pansard, Ulliac, LeRoy. Ladies^ hats and head dresses : Miss Linn-Faulkner, Mrs. Loisel. Review by A. Van Bergen, ii 866 Webb railway tie, ill 509 Weidemann galvanometer, iv 199 Weights and measures in French converted into English equivalents, iii. ... 545 table of French, v 83 Western Railway C!ompany of France, exhibit — Acetate of soda heaters, iii 446 Carriage with sleeping apartment, in 442 Express locomotive with coupled drivers and bogie, ui 441 General data relative to engines, in 438 Heaters with interior flues, in 446 Mixed carriage for light trains, in 444 Molding and machinery, in 448 Special devices and apparatus, in 445 Tender with two axles, in 447 Thermo-siphon heaters, in 447 Uncoupling device, in 448 Weyher & Richemond engines, in 99 Wheat- Acreage and product, v 803 Aleph, V 45 Artificial crossing of , v 49 Bordeaux, v ; 45 Bordier, v 47 Carter's crossed, v 108 Chidham autumn, v 45 Chubb, V 45 Clawson, v 638 Condition under which gluten is formed in the grain, v 48 Cultivation of winter and summer wheat in France, v 45 Dalton Goldendrop, v 46 5,68 GENERAL INDEX. Wheat— Continued. Page. Battel, V 45 Distribution in United States (table), v 798 Exhibits of, V 82, 105, 109, 111 ,114, 117, 124, 131, 133, 134, 229 Experiments with, v 48, 49, 108 Fultz, V 638 Goldendrop, v - 46 Growing, increase of , v 799 - progress of, V 802 Hard, in Algeria, v 85 varieties raised in southern climates, v 47 Hallett's genealogical, v 46 Hunter, v 46 Kessingland, v 46 Lamed, v 4/6 March white, v 45 Martin Amber, v 628 Mediterranean, v 628 Midge, estimate of damage by, v 604 Noah. V 46 Nursery, v 46 Per hectare as shown at the exposition, V 57 Poulard, and their differences from the tender, v 47 Prince Albert, v 46 Product and export of , v 808 Quality and quantity of French, v 48 Rieti, V 46 Roseau, v 46 Rousselin, v 46 Russian varieties, v J21 " Saskatchewan " Fife, v g28 Saumur march, v ^■j SchirefE Scotch, v 47 square, v 4Y Scotch Fife, v gi,g Selection of , v jq Spelts (epeautres), v ^ Standup, v ,~ Statistics, v ^~ Tappahannock. v ooq Tender, v ".^ ' 4* Varieties used in France, v , - Victoria, autumn white, v ,~ Victoria dor6, v "Where greatest percentage is grown, v r,,~ Yield of, per acre in Canada, v P^„ Wheatstone automatic telegraph system, iv -,lf Wheeler & Wilson Company's exhibit of sewing machines, ill' !.".!""'' ^ ^ ! 35 Wheelock, Jerome, engines, ill , „, pumping engines (De Quillac & Meunier exhibitors) in 180 White Sewmg Machine Company's exhibit, in 37 Whitney, Milton W., report on rice culture, v ggg Wiley, H. W., report on sugar industry of the United States, v! ! ." 691 Wilmmgton, Del., principal seat of snuff manufacture, v 733 GEITEBAL INDEX. 569 Wine casks, consideration of , v 394 and tuns, cleaning of , v 395 ceUar, V 376 Wine estate, the, v 425 exchange, opened in Cahfornia, v 690 grapes, drying of,- v 689 Wine-making — Addition of alcohol or brandy in . , v 393 sugar in, V 392 tartaric acid in, v 393 water in, v 393 Best time for gathering grapes for, v 371 Cellar for, v 376 Combining diflEerent grapes, v , 392 Corrections of the vintage, v , 391 Cuvage, V 377 Cuve wine, v ; 391 Crushing, methods employed, v 379 machines for, v 380 grapes, v 378 Description of various establishments for, Y 686 figrappage, v 377 Fermentation: duration of , v 388 Ferrague cuve for, v 386 means of starting, v 388 need of prolonging, v ! 384 open vs. closed vats, v 383 Perret cuve for, v 384 relation of temperature to, v 387 vats for, V 383 Foulage, v 378 In France, v 368 Maturity of grape for, v 372 Press-wine, v 391 Racking the wine and pressing the husks, v 388 Stemming, v 877 apparatus and rules for, v 878 "Stuck" wines, remedies for, v 387 Use of plaster in, v 393 Wine press, Mabille Bros, v 389 Masaon horee power.v 391 used in champagne district, v , 890 Wine product — Relation of climate to, v , 370 cultural methods to, v 371 soil to, V 371 variety of grape to, v 371 Winetons^ v 394 vaults, construction of , v 394 Wines — Acid,v 405 Additions to prevent fermentation of, v 400 570 GENERAL INDEX. Wines— Continued. ^*S®- Alcohol in, V ^^^ Bitter, v 406 Bottling, V ■ 402 California, consumption of, increasing, v 690 Chalk, plaster, etc. , used in clearing of , v 398 Champagne, see Champagne. Chauffage or heating of , v 401 Congelation of , v 400 Diseases of , v 404 Effects of climate on, v 370 Falsification of , v 368 Filter for the Vigouroux, v 397 Filtering and fining, v 396 with blood, V 399 gelatin, v 399 isinglass, v 399 milk, V 399 white of eggs 399 Flat or turbid, v 405 Foaming, v 411 Fi'ench, importance and reputation of , v 368 Greasy, V 405 Industry in Tunis, v 96 Low prices of , v 689 Manufacture of , v 3 Mechanical agents for clearing of , v 398 Mutage of, V 400 Press and cure 391 Racking, v 396 Raisin, v 420 Report on fermented drinks, of Clias. JIcK. Loser, iv 732 Rosy,v 411 Sugaring, v 392 Sweet or liquorous, y 408 Treatment of, in vault, v 395 Watering, v 393 White, V 406 Wing, H. H., report on dairy industry, v r)77 Wires, cables, and conduits for electric systems, iv 230 Wood treatment tests (Engineering News). 11 718 Wood-working and furniture machinery exhibits — Exhibit of Faure, M. Pierre P. , in 46 Foy , J. A. , in 44 French manufacturers, iii ' 45 McCoy, S. , pneumatic tool, m 4(5 Wooden railway cross-ties, in ^ 515 Woodhouse & Rawson amperemeter, iv oqc) Woods, Chas. D., report on comparative composition of European and Amer- ican beef, V 393 Woods, H. D., c. E., report on brick and tile, in \\\ Woolf railway engine, in 4-,5 Wool, at the head of textile products of United States, v 695 exhibit of, V t 696 GENERAL INDEX. 571 Page, "Wool, statistics concerning, v 696 Woolen threads and fabrics, review by A. Van Bergen, ll 349 Prize winners : Bellest & Co., Breton & Sons, Belln & Co., Boussus, Boussant & Gau det, Michel Bureau, Eabourier, Bisson & Co. , Grand Jean & Co. , Noirot Janson, Gamou- net-Dehollande, Mlohau & Co., Lesser & Gamier, France; Group of Viennese exhib- itors, Austria-Hungary ; exhibitors from Mexico, Portugal, Chile, Brazil, Argentine Bepublic, Spain. Works of St. Charamond, exhibit of war material, iv 342 Worthington, Henry E., exhibit of direct acting steampumps, ill 176 Yale College, agricultural science at, v 817 construction of Kent laboratories, ll 679 Yam, cultivation in Brazil, v 134 Yellows, peach, photographs of , v 794 Yucca, fiber from various species of , v 731 z. Zea mays, husks used in making horse collars, v 723 Zinc — Distillation of, by gas, ll 439 Exhibitors of , n 433 La Soci6t6 de la Vielle-Montagne, Society Anonyme des mines et Fonderies de zinc, Belgium ; Lonis Cahaigne & Co., France. Production of, by countries, n 402 Spelter, produced in the United States from 1883 to 1887, by States, I. . . . 399 Zinc and zinc oxides imported into the United States iu 1887, 1 399 Zurich dynamo, iv 41 Paris Exposition of 18 Plate LIBERAL ARTS GALLERY. [UPPER FLOOR.] UNITED STATES SECTION. 1 4»9 651 514- ei» blU ^SSO SWITZERLAND. N^ I £S7 757 33a 27» 71+ JSJ GALLERY— UPPER FLOOR. FRANCE. g.e M n d B TMn— PORTUGAL. J\f,B. The numlfers an this -plan rejir tb tire. JLxhibitdrj //■CO L-i i-j I i-L/i-i-jLJ .tJ> V. AIVJ.) Z o H O Lli 03 CO D •AVMaON i ** ^ s s ^0 1 ^ Nn JO dlVH NbSHXMON CJl ] ] 11 f>1 I 4! ■s, *0 ^ 3 I rl err e m 11? El J _i 5 < o I cc a > z o h- hi o z UJ CO T CO III O < H ■aai •wnioTaa a Ol K PQ " 1* ^ eO a ^ ■^ I- \n ^ Ul M - t^ m u> 0> fO OO «> U) r^ ^ qo o) OO tv *a w 5m rg^ _D i - ^ IdllB Hsixms z o I- o LlJ CO Q < O a: _i < tr. CO UJ H < I- co Q HI I- > _l < 1- 1 — 1 uJ ! ^- r I 'D. '' 1 1 s 1 1 ^ ! 1 I in 1 CO N ; H 1 cr ' ' CQ 1 1 L- ._J > CC UJ _l I < z o C3 H o _1 so _I < UJ 1- I ? > ce a III Ul h z I o < 1 S3 ^ Paris Exposition of I88d. Plate VI. lOJ 52 30 1O0 39 zss S19 Sil 510 84 AGRICULTURAL GALLERIES. UNITED STATES SECTION. 53 53 150 ^77 80 114- SWITZERLAND. artme[nt of agr 734 SI4 734 e jSeaU -J— . 4co B9' a. *S6 844 B E M S7! ITALY 'iijiif'lts ' ILS. The. numbers on. l/usplan. refer to IfieJSitbiii&ns m^nlumed. in. the. CateJegue. Paris Exposition of 1889. PALACE OF Plate IX. IBERAL ARTS. Paris Exposition of 18 INTERIOR OF Plate X. MACHINERY HALL. Plate XI. Pahis Exposition of 1 Plate XII. FACADE OF THE UNITED STATES INDUSTRIAL SECTION. Paric Exposition of 1 Plate XIII. :0 Paris Exposition of 1 ICUL Plate XV. ,TU Paris Exposit.on of 1889. JHON^^^PX'OlJXjiC ■ "k^W*.. Sm^^M-y-^^ 2> V ■■^ If- -■•'■1 if 1« 1 ■ h:^ . f > w m ! m ?"»< \/^:'^ i^v ':.im\ •J ii;;:;S'ir.v r ^ ,^- Plate XVI. "Vt^ %kM l^ft LLBo ol!. r^^^^fssiujfcx^i^-.- 'BROSSSRIK f^tJt: :^l1■,^ :y-A »XMii.-7ZSSmH»l»> Paris Expositioii of 1 Plate XVII. Paris Exposition of 1889. Plate XVIII. ;$1 y >^SgW«J^^*w» I > ^. ifeL Paris E/POSiTiori o.- 18 Plate XIX. X" "gefo/>, i/zynere f,SC. Paris Exposition of 1889. Plate XXII. SPACE OCCUPIED BY THE UNITED STMES Square Feei Fine Arts Gallery 7,B00 Liberal Arts Gallery. 6 600 - IndustHal Arts .37.000 D Machinery ViaW, Ground floor. ^'V^'^oX Gallery. .£.325 j 40.225 E Railways ,....3.250 F Agncultupeand Fcod Products 17.350 G W.A.Wood, Agricultural Machines .1.075 H Head QusrtersoftiieU.S. Commission Ta'fdl ..113.300^ Srjuare Feet