I'll .Isli! n! ■ M . ALBERT R. MANN LIBRARY New York State Colleges OF Agriculture and Home Economics AT Cornell University Cornell University Library HD 1775.I2J1 Idaho agricultural review. 3 1924 013 986 389 Cornell University Library The original of tiiis book is in the Cornell University Library. There are no known copyright restrictions in the United States on the use of the text. http://www.archive.org/details/cu31924013986389 Idaho Crop Reporting Service Bulletins Nos. 16 & 17 State Capitol, Boise UNITED STATES BUREAU OF CROP ESTIMATES COOPERATING WITH IDAHO DEPARTMENT OF IMMIGRATION, LABOR AND STATISTICS AND UNIVERSITY OF IDAHO EXTENSION DIVISION Idaho Agricultural Review JUUUS H. JACOBSON AGRICUUTURAL STATISTICIAN U. S. BUREAU OF CROP ESTIMATES MAY. 1921 IRRIGATION IN IDAHO This map indicates the approximate location and extent of irri- gated land in Idaho as indicated by the 1920 Federal Census. FOREWORD In issuing this number of the Idaho Crop Reporter, the idea has been to bring together, under one cover, as much as possible, all avail- able data on Idaho agriculture. The State is young and growing and it is essential that statistics of her principal industry should be com- piled in convenient form, readily available for the research worker, the prospective settler and others interested in Idaho. In the tables which follow, crop data for the year 1919 and live stock data as of January 1, 1920, are based on preliminary Federal CROP REPORTERS Idaha Crop Reporting Senriee lEach dot rvpresent* fira nportan) UuiiiuT 1, 1921) Census returns, which are subject to revision. However, when final Census figures are available, as well as results of the County Assessors' acreage survey for 1920, which is now being conducted, necessary revisions will be made. The value of statistics is much enhanced if the record extends over a long period of years. The State is fortunate in having records of crop production extending as far back as 1867 furnished by the Federal Bureau of Crop Estimates. Climatological records presented IDAHO CROP REPORTING SERVICE herewith date mostly back to 1899 although several stations have a much longer record, Boise records, for instance, dating back to 1871. Wise provisions have been made by recent Legislatures to keep intact the records already started and for the collection each year of agricultural statistics. County Assessors are now required by law to report annually the acreage of crops grown in their counties, on forms prescribed and furnished by the Department of Immigration, Labor and Statistics. Another law requires threshermen to report the number of bushels of grain and seed threshed and the area from which harvested. These sources of information, together with the decennial Federal Census, form the basis of estimates of acreage and production of crops. The monthly reports, forecasting changes in acreage, condition and probable production are made possible by the voluntary assistance of some 3,000 Crop Reporters. Through co- operation with the University of Idaho Extension Division and the various County Farm Bureaus, Crop Reporting Committees have been organized with members in every community of the Counties. These men, and women too, report directly to this office, on schedules IDAHO AGRICULTURAL REVIEW 5 furnished by us, the agricultural situation as they observe it in the area with which they are familiar. This eliminates "guess work" as reports are based only on actual, definite information which Re- porters possess. Crop Reporting is thus considered as 6ne of the Projects of the Farm Bureau and is in charge of a Project Leader who, with the assistance of the County Agent, keeps the corps of Crop Repoi-ters intact by recommending the best available, agriculturally in- formed men in the County whenever vacancies occur. Map 1 indicates the number and relative distribution of Idaho Crop Reporters. The majority of them are the leading farmers in the community, so that the final State report is essentially the farmers' own report. Bankers, managers of warehouses, elevators and other lines of business are also represented. In order to facilitate the analysis and tabulation of all data re- ceived, the State has been divided into seven districts each composed of counties having similar climatic, soil and agricultural conditions. Reports received from all over the state are then weighted according to the relative importance of the crop grown in each district, before determining on a final state figure. Map II shows the seven districts into which the State is divided. It will be noted that all counties are grouped according to this plan in the tables which follow. COOPERATION It is because of the splendid loyalty of our Crop Reporters that we are enabled to issue reports by counties. Most of them are veterans in the work and their judgment on agricultural conditions is unquestioned. Theirs is absolutely a voluntary service without pay, and they deserve the highest appreciation and praise from the State which they serve so well. The data secured by the County Assessors in their crop acreage survey have been of great value. A number of the counties secured a one hundred per cent return while others sent in records only fifty per cent complete and one important county failed to make any return at all. This is pioneer work and it is realized that the Assessors are working under handicaps. These, however, will be over- come. The opportunity is taken at this time to thank the County Assessors who by their painstaking efforts in collecting acreage data, have assisted materially in presenting this report. Thanks are due Commissioner 0. H. Barber for much valuable assistance in the preparation of these data for publication and also to Mr. C. E. Norquest, Meteorologist, for the interesting article on Idaho climate. 6 IDAHO CROP REPORTING SERVICE AGRICULTURAL DEVELOPMENT OF TEN YEARS In 1920 there were 42,106 farms in Idaho. These contain 8,375,873 acres of which 53.9 per cent, or 4,511,680 acres, was improved land. Of the improved land, 55.2 per cent, or 2,488,806 acres, was irrigated. The above figures, when compared with 1910, show that substantial increases have been made. In ten years the number of farms in the state increased 36.7 per cent, or 11,299. Land in farms increased 58.5 per cent, or 3,092,269 acres. Improved land in farms increased 62.4 per cent, or 1,732,940 acres. Irrigated land increased 73.9 per cent, or 1,057,958 acres. The total value of all farm property in the State, i. e., land, buildings, implements and machinery and live stock, totaled $716,- 137,910 in 1920 and only $305,317,185 in 1910. This represents an increase in ten years of $410,820,725 or 134.6 per cent. In 1909 the value of crops produced was $32,880,915. In 1919 the total was $129,977,144, an increase of 295.2 per cent. The above data indicate how rapidly the State is developing and furnish an index as to what can be expected in the next ten years. There is still a large area of land capable of being irrigated at a rea- sonable cost per acre, whenever the necessary capital can be interested. In the northern counties, a large acreage of very fertile cut-over land awaits development. The northern section of the State receives from 25 to 40 inches of rainfall annually, which is ample for the produc- tion of the staple crops. IDAHO RANKS HIGH IN PRODUCTION While other states outrank Idaho in the volume of crops produced there are few that surpass her in the quality of crops raised or the average yield per acre. In yield per acre in 1920 Idaho ranked first in alfalfa and clover seed; second in potatoes, barley and hay; third in wheat and beans; and seventh in oats as compared with all other states. AVERAGE YIELDS PER ACRE IN IDAHO AND THE UNITED STATES IN 1920 Al- falfa Clover Pota- Seed Seed toes Bu. Bu. Bu. Idaho's Rank 1st 1st 2nd Idaho Average 5.5 5.5 180 United States Average 3.0 1.8 109.6 Bar- ley Hay tame Wheat Beans Oats Bu. Ton Bu. Bu. Bu. 2nd 38 25 2nd 2.7 1.57 3rd 22.5 13.8 3rd 11.5 10.7 7th 38 35.2 IDAHO AGRICULTURAL REVIEW 7 THIRTY YEARS AGO AND TODAY In 1920, 100,700 acres of irrigated land in the Boise-Payette Project produced crops to the value of $4,653,400 which is more than the value of all the crops produced in Idaho in the year 1890. Idaho agricultural development in the thirty years since Idaho became a State is indicated by the following: 1890 1920 Irrigated land, acres 217,005 2,488,608 Number of farms 6,603 42,106 Value of land and buildings per farm 2,640 13,811 Value of all fai'm property per farm 3.916 17,008 Value of farm property in State 25,857,630 716,137,910 Value of farm products 3,848,930 126,492,411 NUMBER OF FARMS AND ACREAGE IRRIGATED— 1890 TO 1920 Fai'm 3 irriga ted Area irrigated Per Number Per cent of Per cent of all Acres Per cent of Per cent of total Per cent of land cent of im- pi-oved farms land in land area fDi'ms in fai-ms 1920 25,283 53.8 60.0 2,488,806 73.9 4.7 29.7 55.2 1910 16,439 78.9 53.4 1,430,848 135.1 2.7 27.1 51.5 1900 9,188 112.5 52.6 608,718 180.5 1.1 19.0 43.1 1830 4,323 68.5 217,005 0.4 16.7 36.8 RANK OF CROPS ACCORDING TO ACREAGE IN 1920 Crops Acreage 1. Hay 1,175.000 2. Wheat 1.050,000 3. Oats 190,000 4. Barley 91,800 6. Orchard 65,000 6. Sugar Beets 45,800 7. Corn 45,000 8. Peas 42,000 9. Potatoes 41,000 10. Beans 25,000 11. Clover seed 18,600 12. Rye 18,000 13. Alfalfa seed 14,000 14. Timothy seed 4,000 16. Sugar Beet seed 2,900 •16. All other 1,566,600 •Includes pasture, garden, vineyards, nurseries, fallow land, land occupied by buildings, etc. RANK OF CROPS ACCORDING TO VALUE PER ACRE IN 1920 Crops Value per acre 1. Onions $447.45 2. Sugar Beet Seed 288.60 3. Potatoes 122.40 4. Sugar Beets 106.72 6. Clover Seed, Alsike 77.00 6. Peas 73.00 7. White Clover Seed 68.62 8. Red Clover Seed 61. S7 9. Alfalfa Seed 53.35 10. Corn, ensilage 47.50 11. Beans 43.12 12. Corn, grain 40.00 13. Hay, tame 33.75 14. Barley 28.50 15. Wheat 27.50 16. Timothy Seed 27.50 17. Oats 25.84 18. Rye 14.00 19. Hay, wild 12.96 IDAHO CROP REPORTING SERVICE HAY In both acreage and aggregate value hay generally leads all crops produced in Idaho, although in recent years wheat has taken the lead once or twice. The largest crop on record was raised in 1920 and amounted to 2,985,000 tons, but 1919 saw the highest priced crop raised when it averaged a little less than $22.00 per ton in December and in value totaled $48,463,800. Alfalfa comprises about 50 per cent of the TAME HAY PRODUCTION, 1920 Fi|1irei in Counlie. IndlMte Tom ISZABO l;39.400 acreage. Timothy, clover, timothy and clover mixed, small grains cut for hay and wild hay make up the remainder of the acreage. Alfalfa, the great soil builder, does well all over the State but grows most luxuriantly in the irrigated sections. It reaches its maximum production along the Snake River in Owyhee County where an average of 8 to 10 tons per acre is not uncommon. Canyon County ranks first in hay production. IDAHO AGRICULTURAL REVIEW TAME HAY— 1920 Acreage and Production by Counties. Acreage Yield Per Acre Tons Production Tons District I. Benewah 9,560 Bonner 19.740 Boundary 11.560 Clearwater 9.030 Idaho :. 52.180 Kootenai 21 .320 Latah 36.760 Lewis 17.010 Nez Perce 24.1.^^0 Shoshone 1.J90 District IV. Adams 1 9,320 Washineton 27.510 District V. Boise 8.080 Custer 2.';, 730 Lemhi ,•?,-,, 170 Valley 16,170 District VI. Bins:ham : "9,170 Bonneville 30.030 Eutfe 15.120 Claik 13,440 Fremont 21,420 Jefferson 20.260 Madison 15.960 Teton 1 S.270 District VII. Ada 36,430 Canyon 47.880 Elmore l 1 7,220 Gem J 9,740 Owyhee 32,870 Payette 13.120 District VUI. Blaine 1 9,8ro Camas 13,9C0 Cassia 44.100 Gooding 27.300 Jerome 20,580 Lincoln 18,800 MinidDka 26,040 Twin Falls 54,180 District IX. Bannock 44,620 Bear Lake 41,580 Caribou 11,660 Franklin 1 4.590 Oneida 19.740 Power 16,910 State 1,050,000 2 19.100 2 39,480 2 23,100 2 18,060 IVj 78,270 1 21.320 1 36,760 2 34,000 2 48,300 2 3,780 a 38.640 3 82,530 1 8,080 1% 38,590 3 105,510 1 16,170 3 1)7,600 3 . 90,090 2 30,200 2 26,880 2 42,800 21/2 50,600 3 47,880 2 36,600 4 145,700 5 239.400 2y. 43.050 4 78,960 5% 180,790 4 52,480 3 69,560 1 13,960 4 176,400 3 81,900 3% 72,000 3 56,400 4 104,160 3Vj 189,600 2 89,240 2 83,160 1 11,660 2 29,180 2 39,480 2 33,800 2.7 2,835.000 10 IDAHO CROP EEPORTIlsfG SERVICE THIRTY-NINE YEARS OF TAME HAY Yield Production Price per Farm Value Year Acreage Per Acre Ton Dec. 1st Tons 1.19 Tons Dollars Dollars 1882 48,000 57,000 11.50 655,500 1883 50,400 1.30 65.520 8.00 524.160 1884 135,000 1.20 162.000 13.00 2.106,000 1885 125,550 1.15 144,383 10.50 1,516,022 1886 112,995 1.21 137,164 10.00 1,371.640 1887 141,244 1.20 169.493 6.50 1,101.705 1883 141.244 1.15 162,431 7.50 1,218.233 1889 190,501 1.41 269,104 7.88 2.120.540 1890 199,491 1.20 239.389 11.00 2.633.279 1891 209.466 1.20 2.il.359 6.67 1.676.565 1892 211,561 1.50 317,342 7.40 2.348,331 1893 211.561 2.45 518,324 5.50 2,850,782 1894 226,370 2.53 572,716 4.34 2,485,587 1895 178,832 2.57 459,598 6.25 2,872,488 189S 193,139 2.30 502,161 4.71 2,365,178 1897 183,482 2.30 422,009 5.25 2,215,547 1898 201,830 3.75 756.862 4.90 3.708.624 1899 215,958 2.50 539.895 6.30 3.401.338 1900 235.394 2.80 659.103 6.50 4.284.170 1901 328,377 2.58 847.213 5.91 5.007.029 1902 357,931 2.67 955.676 5.50 5.256,218 1903 347,193 2.82 979.084 6.86 6,716,516 1904 374,968 3.07 1.151,152 6.08 6,999,004 1905 382,467 3.10 1,185,648 5.90 6.995,323 1906 413,064 2.95 1,218,539 8.00 9,748,312 1907 421.000 2.40 1,010,000 8.50 8,585,000 1908 434.000 3.25 1,410,000 7.10 10,011,000 1909 611.000 2.35 1,438,000 9.10 13,086,000 1910 630.000 3.00 1.890,000 9.00 17.010,000 1911 672.000 3.10 2,083,000 7.60 15,831.000 1912 692.000 2.80 1,938,000 6.30 12.209.000 1913 705,000 2.90 2,044.000 7.20 14.717.000 1914 705,000 2.65 1.868.000 7.30 13.636.000 1915 677,000 2.70 1.828,000 7.70 14.076.000 1916 700,000 2.50 1,750.000 12.10 21.175,000 1917 725,000 3.00 2,175,000 16.00 34,800,000 1918 667,000 3.00 2,001,000 17.60 34,038,000 1919 1,049.000 2.10 2,202,900 22.00 48,463.800' 1920 1.050.000 2.70 2,836,000 12.60 35,437,500 TWELVE YEARS OF WILD HAY Yield Production Price per Farm Value Year Acreage Per Acre Ton Dec. 1st 120,000 Tons 1.18 Tons Dollars Dollars 1909 142.000 1910 120.000 1.50 180.000 1911 120.000 1.60 192.000 1912 114.000 1.40 160.000 1913 115.000 1.50 172.000 1914 115.000 1.25 144.000 7.50 1.080.000 1915 112.000 1.40 157.000 1916 112.000 1.20 134.000 11.60 1.554.000 1917 116.000 1.40 162.000 12.50 2.025.000 1918 113.000 1.10 124.000 15.00 1.860.000 1919 120.000 1.00 120.000 20.59 2.460,000 1920 123.000 1.20 150.000 10.80 1,620,000 IDAHO AGRICULTURAL REVIEW 11 WHEAT Up until the year 1917 winter wheat exceeded spring wheat both in acreage and production. Since that year spring wheat has taken the lead until in 1920, 62 per cent of the wheat acreage was spring seeded. This is due to the irrigated sections putting large portions of their acreage into spring wheat. Very little winter wheat is grown on irrigated land. Thirty-one per cent of the total wheat acreage is in district 1 with Latah, Nez Perce, Idaho and Lewis Counties the heavy pro- ducers. District 9 has 23 per cent of the acreage with Bannock, Power and Oneida Counties ranking in order of importance. In 1920 Latah County led all other counties with 81,690 acres, but Twin Falls took the lead in total production with 2,548,980 bushels because of higher yields on irrigated land. 12 IDAHO CROP REPORTING SERVICE WHEAT— 1920 Acreage and Production by Counties County Acreage Yield Per Acre Bushels Production Bushels Benewah 17,430 Bonner 810 Boundary 530 Clearwater 5,770 Idaho 66,680 Kootenai 16,480 Latah 81,690 Lewis 63,960 Nez Perce 70,660 21 25 26 21 20 18 27 23 24 366,030 21,000 13,780 121,170 1,333,600 296,640 2,205,630 1,470,860 1,696,840 District IV. Adams 7.870 Washington 36,230 16 19 126,920 688,370 District V. Boise .. Custer Lemhi Valley 1,890 1,670 1,260 2,630 17 19 22 20 32,160 29,830 27,720 52,600 District VI. Bingham 26,040 Bonneville 39,060 Butte 6,930 Clark 6,720 Fremont _ 42,000 Jefferson 16,800 Madison 28,560 Teton 8,820 27 26 20 13 18 21 18 13 703,080 976,500 138.600 87,360 756.000 362,800 614,080 114,660 District VII. Ada 29,400 Canyon 33,280 Elmore 3,680 Gem 6,300 Owyhee 3,460 Payette 5,360 17 19 26 29 911.400 1,098,240 62,660 119,700 89,960 155,440 District VIII. Blaine 7,350 Camas 17.950 Cassia 26,670 Gooding 10,080 Jerome 19,220 Lincoln 6,820 Minidoka 8,090 Twin Falls 74,970 21 14 30 21 31 19 31 34 154,360 251,300 800,100 211,680 696,820 129,680 260.790 2.648,980 District IX. Bannock 68.780 Bear Lake 19.210 Caribou 4,200 Franklin 34,760 Oneida 69,640 Power 60,370 19 20 16 19 18 10 State 1,060,000 1,306.820 384,200 67,200 660,440 1,073,520 603,700 23,600,000 IDAHO AGRICULTURAL REVIEW 13 THIRTY-NINE YEARS OF WHEAT Year Acreage Yield Per Acre P roduction Farm Price Farm Value Dec. 1st Bushels Bushels 650,000 Cents 140 Dollars 1882 40,625 16.0 910,000 1883 44,687 15.3 682,500 90 614,250 1884 59,400 18.9 1,120,000 72 806,400 1885 62,370 18.5 1,154,000 75 865,600 1886 65,489 15.9 1,039,000 72 748,080 1887 64,015 17.5 1,120,000 77 862,400 1888 76,818 16.3 1,252,000 87 1,089,240 1889 81,427 17.8 1,449,000 77 1,116,039 1890 83,066 16.5 1.370,000 78 1,068,931 1891 90,531 20.0 1,811,000 84 1,520.921 1892 76,951 22.0 1,693,000 60 1,015,753 1893 78,490 19.3 1,514,857 60 908.914 1894 76,057 20.6 1.566,775 46 720,717 1896 68,646 17.8 1,221,899 47 574,293 1896 98,127 24.5 2,404,112 65 1,562,673 1897 123,076 22.0 2,707,672 70 1,895,370 1898 135,384 31.0 4.196.904 51 2,140,421 1899 142,153 24.2 3.440,103 60 1,720,052 1900 149,261 20.8 3,104,629 46 1,428,129 1901 294,397 21.2 6.241.216 61 .'5,807,142 1902 273,080 22.1 6,021,946 70 4,215.362 1903 242,550 21.1 5,127.987 7.3 3,846.990 1904 298,056 22.9 6.832,727 80 5,466,181 1905 366.966 28.2 10,341,532 66 6.784.737 1906 336.736 24.4 8,231,631 60 4.938.979 1907 342,000 25.3 8,639,000 67 5.788,000 1908 387.000 28.2 10,897,000 74 8,063,000 1909 399.000 25.6 10,238,000 87 8,907,000 1910 472,000 22.6 10,658.000 72 7,674.000 1911 517,000 30.7 16,860,000 66 10.468.000 1912 510,000 28.6 14.666,000 66 9.613,000 1913 610,000 27.6 14,094,000 63 8.879.000 1914 549,000 26.2 14,362,000 87 12,495,000 1915 670,000 28.0 18,730.000 80 14,984,000 191G 634,000 23.8 15,071.000 146 22,004,000 1917 756,000 20.3 15.332.000 182 27,904,000 1918 950.000 21.3 20,275.000 192 34.643.000 1919 1,050.000 18.0 19,075,000 206 39,103,000 1920 1,050.000 22.0 23,600,000 125 29,500,000 Considerable progress has been made in eliminating undesirable varieties and standardizing on those best adapted to Idaho conditions. For the irrigated sections the Dicklow variety is recommended by the State Experiment Station. It has good milling qualities and responds to good cultural methods with high yields. A remarkably high average of 85 bushels on 45 acres was secured in Twin Falls County in 1920. Turkey Red for fall seeding and Early Baart for spring seeding are recommended for the non-irrigated areas of southern counties. 14 IDAHO CROP REPORTING SERVICE THIRTY-ONE YEARS OF SPRING WHEAT Yield Production Price per Farm Value Year Acreage Per Acre Bnsnel Dec. 1st Bushels Bushels Cents Dollars 1890 83,056 16.5 1.370.424 78 1.068.931 1891 90,531 20.0 1,810,620 84 1,520,921 1892 72.180 22.0 1,587,960 60 952.776 1893 73.624 19.3 1,420,943 60 852.566 1894 71.341 20.6 1,469,625 46 676,028 189S 64,920 17.8 1,155,576 47 543,121 1896 92,836 24.5 2,274,482 65 1,478,413 1897 123,076 22.0 2,707,672 70 1,895,370 1898 136,384 31.0 4.196.904 61 2,140,421 1899 142,153 24.2 3,440.103 60 1,720,052 1900 149,261 20.8 3.104,629 46 1,428,129 1901 143,291 21.2 3.037,769 61 1,863,039 1902 141,858 22.; 3,135,062 70 2,194,643 1903 114,791 21.3 2,445,048 75 1,833,786 1904 143,137 23.6 3,378,033 80 2,702,426 1905 170.900 23.8 4.067,420 65 2,643,823 1906 169.191 23.5 3,976,988 60 2,386,593 1907 169.000 24.5 4,140,500 67 2,774,135 1908 166.000 25.4 3,937,000 74 2,913,000 1909 148.000 24.8 3,668,000 87 3,191,000 1910 160.000 20.4 3,264,000 72 2,350,000 1911 170.000 29.0 4,930,000 66 3,254,000 1912 175.000 28.3 4,962,000 66 3,268,000 1913 200.000 28.0 6,600,000 63 3,628,000 1914 210.000 24.0 6,040,000 87 4,386,000 191S 280.000 26.5 7,420,000 80 5,936,000 1916 290,000 23.5 6.815.000 146 9,950,000 1917 431,000 22.0 9.482,000 182 17,257,000 191S 626,000 21.0 13.125.000 192 22,055,000 1919 700,000 18.0 12.600,000 205 26,830,000 1920 650,000 24.0 15.600,000 125 19,600,000 TWENTY-FIVE YEARS OF WINTER WHEAT Yield Production Price per Year Acreage Per Acre Dec. 1st Bushels Bushels Cents Dollars 1892 4,771 22.0 104.962 60 62,977 1893 4,866 19.3 93,914 60 56,348 1894 4,716 20.6 97,160 46 44,689 1895 3,726 17.8 66,323 47 31,172 1896 5,291 24.6 129,630 65 84,260 1901 151,106 21.2 3,203,447 61 1,954,103 131,222 22.0 2.886,884 70 1903 127,759 21.0 2,682.939 75 2,012,204 1904 154,919 22.3 3.454.094 80 2 763 755 1906 1907 196,066 167,545 173.000 32.0 25.4 26.0 6.274.112 4.255.643 4,498.000 66 60 67 4,140,914 2,553,386 3.014 000 1909 1910 1911 1912 1913 1914 1915 1916 1917 1918 1919 1920 232.000 261.000 312.000 347,000 336,000 310,000 339,000 390,000 344,000 326,000 326,000 350,000 400,000 30.0 26.1 23.7 31.6 28.7 27.4 27.6 29.0 24.0> 18.0 22.0 18.6 20.0 6.960.000 6.570.000 7,394,000 10,930,000 9,614,000 8.484,000 9,322,000 11,310,000 8,256,000 5,860,000 7,150,000 6,475,000 8,000,000 74 87 72 66 66 63 87 80 146 182 192 205 125 5,160,000 5,716,000 5,324,000 7,214,000 6,345,000 5,351,000 8,110,000 9,048,000 12,054,000 10,647,000 12.688,000 12.515.000 10.000.000 IDAHO AGRICULTURAL REVIEW 15 OATS Back in the years of 1909 to 1916 the State of Idaho produced from eleven to seventeen million bushels of oats, but these totals have been reduced almost 50 per cent the last four years due to the large acreage devoted to wheat. Formerly there were two well defined areas of production, District 1, where Latah, Nez Perce, Idaho and il:^ OATS PRODUCTION. 1920 FIpuM {d Couatie. Indkale Buihel. in TIoibuiIi; L «, OGO oi Idaho - 7.220.000 Bushels Kootenai Counties produced a total of nearly four million bushels, and District 6, the counties from Bingham to Fremont, inclusive, which produced three and one-half million bushels. The acreage is now well distributed over the State with Latah County leading in acreage and production. The standard weight per measured bushel of oats is 32 pounds, but reports of 40 to 48 pounds to the bushel are frequent from the irrigated sections and the upper mountain valleys which are pairticu- larly adapted for oats. 16 IDAHO CROP REPORTING SERVICE OATS— 1920 Acreage and Production by Counties. Acreage District I. Benewah 5,420 Bonner 1,670 Boundary 760 Clearwater 2,010 Idaho 3,840 Kootenai 7,450 Latah ; 26,240 Lewis ; 6,340 Nez Perce ...J 9,230 District IV. Adams Washington 1,620 1,610 District V. Boise '. 680 Custer ; 2,520 Lemhi 2,600 Valley 6,120 District VI. Bingham 7,410 Bonneville 10,160 Butte 1,650 Clark 1,350 Fremont 16,100 Jefferson 5,260 Madison 7,140 Teton 8,930 Yield Per Acre Production Bushels Bushels 40 216,800 45 75,160 40 30,400 35 70,350 39 149.760 25 186,250 38 997,120 37 197,580 32 295,360 40 64,800 50 80,500 45 30,600 30 75,600 47 122,200 30 183,600 39 288,990 39 396.240 46 75.900 25 33.760 39 688,900 40 210.400 40 285.600 38 267,900 District VII. Ada 4,280 Canyon 4,900 Elmore 1,280 Gem 1,260 Owyhee 970 Payette 1,070 60 50 30 42 35 50 214,000 246,000 38,400 52,920 33,950 53,500 District VIII. Blaine 2.890 Camas 3,670 Cassia 3,000 Gooding 1,160 Jerome 2,280 Lincoln 1,640 Minidoka 2,680 Twin Falls 3,990 43 20 42 26 48 30 39 55 124,300 73,400 126,000 29,000 109,440 49,200 100,620 219.460 District IX. Bannock 8,610 Bear Lake 4,760 Caribou 2,910 Franklin 2,090 Oneida 1,960 Power 700 State 190,000 40 45 30 43 35 33 344,400 213,800 87,300 89,870 68.600 23.100 38 7,220,000 IDAHO AGRICULTURAL REVIEW 17 FIFTY-THREE YEARS OF OATS - _- . . ., Yield Production Price per Farm Value Year Acreage Per Acre Bushel Dec. 1st Bushels Bushels Cents Dollars 1867 65,104 38.4 2,500,000 50 1,260,000 1869 56,250 32.0 1,800,000 100 1,800,000 1870 31,242 33.0 1,031,000 78 804,180 1871 34,747 35.6 1,237,000 81 1,001,970 1872 36,447 38.0 1,385,000 75 1,038,760 1873 40,627 35.1 1,426,000 70 998,200 1874 50,000 30.0 1,500,000 75 1,126,000 1875 51,428 36.0 1,800,000 71 1,278,000 1876 71,666 30.0 2,150,000 68 1,462,000 1877 72,580 31.0 2,250,000 60 1,360,000 1878 72,600 31.0 2,250,600 30 675,180 1879 ,72,600 25.0 1,815,000 66 1,197,900 1880 216,000 30.0 6,450,000 50 3,225,000 1881 251,500 28.7 7,224,000 62 4,478,880 1882 21,000 36.2 760,000 75 670,000 1883 30,460 37.4 1,140,000 57 649,800 1884 33,750 30.0 1,012,000 43 436,160 1885 34,088 30.3 1,032,000 40 412,800 1886 34,770 31.0 1,078,000 55 692,900 1887 36,509 30.0 1,095,000 45 492,760 1888 34,684 27.6 957,000 35 334,950 1889 35,725 28.0 1,000,000 45 450,135 1890 36,440 30.0 1,093,000 58 634,056 1891 37,898 31.5 1,326,000 50 663,215 1892 24,634 29.0 714,000 37 264,323 1893 22,171 33.1 733,860 41 300,883 1894 27,714 38.5 1,066,989 32 341,436 ,1895 31,317 35.2 1,102,358 29 319,684 1896 31,004 42.0 1,302,168 30 390,650 1897 28,834 36.3 1,046,674 32 334,936 1898 29,411 43.6 1,282,320 36 461,636 1899 32,352 34.0 1,099,968 38 417,988 1900 36,881 36.6 1,349,845 40 639,938 1901 78,703 38.3 3,014,325 44 1,326,303 1902 81,064 42.1 3,412,794 48 1,638,141 1903 88,360 41.5 3,666,940 45 1,650,123 1904 92,778 39.3 3,646,175 50 1,823,088 1905 98,058 39.4 3,863,485 42 1,622,664 1906 107,864 40.7 4,390,065 43 1,887,728 1907 113,000 50.5 5,706,000 42 2,397,000 1908 127,000 44.0 5,688,000 47 2,626,000 1909 303,000 37.4 11,328,000 60 6,664,000 1910 319,000 38.5 12,282,000 42 5,168,000 1911 331,000 44.0 14,564,000 40 5,826,000 1912 348,000 48.9 17,017,000 35 5,956,000 1913 325,000 46.5 15,112,000 32 4,836,000 1914 332,000 44.0 14,608,000 38 5,551,000 1915 335,000 47.0 16,745,000 34 5,353,000 1916 310.000 43.0 13,330,000 54 7,198,000 1917 250,000 38.0 9,500,000 77 7,315,000 1918 237,000 40.0 9,480,000 94 8,911,000 1919 200,000 35.0 7,000,000 98 6,860,000 1920 190,000 38.0 7,220,000 68 4,909,600 18 IDAHO CROP REPORTING SERVICE BARLEY The stimulation given to wheat production is again reflected in the decreased acreage and production of barley the past four years. It is now only half what it was in 1916. It is interesting to note that the decline in the swine industry has been coincident with the reduction in barley production. BARLEY PRODUCTION, 1920 Fitun* in CounliM ladiule Biaiieb in TtusHodr. L e, 000 omiUaE Idaho - 3.488.400 Bushels WHEN THE CROPS ARE HARVESTED Usual Percentage of the Crop Harvested in the Months Indicated Corn Wheat Oats Barley Apples Beans Potatoes Hay Alfalfa Seed Clover Seed .. Sugar Beets ne July Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dm % % % % % % % 2 21 63 24 14 61 30 6 11 49 33 7 18 55 24 3 2 6 9 32 BO 2 2 48 50 5 i 8 30 64 7 6 41 27 14 3 1 22 26 49 52 28 23 8 68 23 1 IDAHO AGRICULTURAL REVIEW 19 BARLEY— 1920 Acreage and Production by Counties. Acreage District I. Benewah 120 Bonner 50 Boundary 360 Clearwater 950 Idaho 11,370 Kootenai 470 Latah 3,800 Lewis 5,390 Nez Perce 8,460 District IV. Adams 380 Washington 3,000 District V. Boise 120 Custer 590 Lemhi 670 Valley 170 District VI. Bingham 2,600 Bonneville 3,560 Butte 690 Clark 230 Fremont 2,600 Jefferson 830 Madison 1,420 Teton 460 District VII. Ada 2,890 Canyon 5,940 Elmore 1,060 Gem 1,510 Owyhee 1.150 Payette 1.210 District VIII. Blaine 900 Camas 630 Cassia 1.480 Gooding 500 Jerome 1,340 Lincoln 280 Minidoka 1.200 Twin Falls 7,000 District IX. Bannock 6,000 Bear Lake 3.120 Caribou 3.920 Franklin 1.290 Oneida 1.190 Power 1.000 State 91.800 Yield Per Production ge Acre— Bushels Bushels 27 3,240 28 1.400 45 16.200 35 33,250 37 420,690 25 11,750 30 114.000 40 215,600 33 321,480 26 9,880 41 123,000 45 5,400 30 17,700 50 33.500 44 7,480 46 112,500 47 167,320 40 27,600 20 4,600 36 91,000 35 29,050 40 66,800 25 11,500 40 116,600 42 249,480 36 38,160 38 57.380 45 61.760 45 54,450 47 42,300 21 13,230 37 54,760 30 15,000 50 67,000 30 8,400 45 64,000 60 350,000 30 180,000 28 87,360 28 109,760 30 38,700 27 32,130 34 34.000 38 3,488,400 20 IDAHO CROP EEPORTING SERVICE THIRTY-NINE YEARS OF BARLEY Yield Production Farm Farm Value Year Acreage Per Acre Price Dec. 1st Bushels Bushels Cents DoUars 1882 11,193 29.5 329,700 90 296,730 1883 11,977 28.4 339,691 75 264,693 1884 12,576 28.9 363,000 60 ' 217,800 1885 13,682 26.0 353,000 ' 75 264,849 1888 12,576 22.5 283,000 48 136,840 1887 14,211 28.7 408,000 60 204,000 1888 14,495 27.0 391,000 67 262,215 1889 10,004 23.6 236,471 43 100,973 1890 10,204 21.0 214,284 75 160,713 1891 10,610 29.0 304,790 68 207,267 1892 10,615 26.0 275,990 33 91,077 1893 10,297 30.0 308,910 63 163,722 1894 10,297 32.6 336,682 47 157,771 189S 10,606 24.5 259,847 42 109,136 1893 10,606 15.3 162,272 22 36,700 1897 10,818 36.0 378,630 42 159,026 1898 11,034 35.0 386,190 48 185,371 1899 11,586 36.0 406,510 46 186,635 1900 12,165 32.8 399,012 50 199,606 1901 34,301 40.2 1,378,900 53 730,817 1902 37,731 46.3 1,746,945 53 926,881 1903 41,881 34.4 1,440,706 52 749,167 1904 45,660 37.4 1,707,310 63 1,075,605 1905 66,163 40.0 2,646,120 48 1,270,138 1906 47,028 41.0 1,928,148 60 964,074 1907 49,000 44.5 2,181,000 68 1,265,000 1908 52,000 41.0 2,132,000 53 1,130,000 1909 132,000 34.7 4,598,000 59 2,713,000 1910 136,000 33.0 4,488,000 60 2,244,000 1911 142,000 42.0 5,964,000 70 4,175,000 1912 169,000 43.5 6,916,000 61 3,527,000 1913 180,000 42.0 7,660,000 48 3,629,000 1914 185,000 38.0 7,030,000 60 3,515.000 1915 191,000 40.5 7,736,000 52 4,023,000 1916 190,000 39.0 7,410,000 82 6,076,000 1917 176,000 29.0 5,075,000 105 5,329,000 1918 170,000 28.0 4,760,000 130 6,370,000 1919 90,000 30.0 2,700,000 140 3,780,000 1920 91,809 38.0 3,488,400 75 2,616,300 IDAHO AGRICULTURAL REVIEW 21 CORN The corn acreage has probably made more consistent and larger gains than any other crop. The area in 1920 was 45,000 acres, just five times greater than shown in the 1909 Census report. This can be accounted for by the excellent quality and yields obtained and the large number of silos being built in connection with development of the dairy industry. An average yield of 40 bushels per acre in 1920 put Idaho in the same class with the large com States of the middle west. Southern, western and northern counties are particularly adapted to com. Quality is always high because of the excellent ma- turing weather in these counties. About half of the acreage is cut for silos. In 1920 the average yield per acre of silo com was 10.5 tons. THIRTY YEARS OF CORN Yield Production Farm Farm Value Year Acreage Per Acre Price Dec. 1st Bushels Busliels Cents Dollars 1882 1,580 28.5 45,000 105 47,250 1883 1,627 20.0 32,500 90 29.250 1884 1,820 20.0 36,400 76 27,300 1885 1,911 21.5 41,000 82 33,620 1886 1,950 21.6 42.000 67 28,140 1887 1,980 28.2 66.000 60 33,600 1892 1,650 16.8 26,000 69 17,903 1893 1,628 19.5 31,746 71 22,640 1894 1,577 28.6 46,102 59 26,610 1895 1,656 30.7 50,839 62 31,620 J 901 6,091 •^3.0 117,093 60 70,256 1S02 S,142 24.7 127,007 62 78,744 1903 5,091 34.5 175,640 57 100,115 1904 5,346 29.3 156,638 70 109,647 1905 5,606 27.2 1-19,763 66 98,844 1906 5,231 28.3 148,037 66 82,901 1907 5,000 30.0 150,000 70 105,000 1S08 6,000 29.0 174,000 70 122,000 1909 9,000 34.6 318,000 73 238,000 1910 10,000 32.0 320,000 71 227,000 1911 11,000 30.0 330,000 85 280,000 1912 12,000 32.8 394,000 70 276,000 1913 14,000 32.0 448,000 68 305,000 1914 19,000 31.0 589,000 72 424,000 1915 22,000 36.0 770,000 65 500,000 1916 21,000 36.0 735,000 100 735,000 1917 18,000 31.0 558,000 155 865,000 1918 23,000 40.0 920,000 183 1,684,000 1919 35,000 35.0 612,000 165 1,010,000 1920 *22,500 40.0 900,000 100 900,000 *46,000 acres seeded but only half cut for grain. Remainder cut for silage, fodder, etc. 22 IDAHO CROP REPORTING SERVICE RYE This crop is rapidly gaining favor in the non-irrigated sec- tions of southern counties because of its drought resistant qualities and comparatively high yields. The crop is generally sold to seeds- men at satisfactory prices. TWENTY-NINE YEARS OF RYE Yield Production Farm Farm Value Year Acreage Per Acre Price Dec. 1st Bushels Bushels Cents Dollars 1882 779 13.7 ] 0,635 80 8,508 1883 1,013 13.1 13,294 90 11,965 1884 1,074 13.0 14,000 40 5,600 1885 1,095 11.9 13,000 58 7,666 1886 1,106 13.6 15,000 60 9,000 1889 1,092 9.9 10,809 46 4,940 1890 1,076 11.8 12,697 63 7,986 1891 1,092 14.4 16,725 75 1,794 1892 1,083 12.7 13,754 50 6,877 1901 1,356 15.0 i0,340 67 13,628 1902 1,220 20.2 24,644 60 14,786 1903 1,208 18.5 22,348 65 14,526 1904 1.293 19.7 26,472 75 19,104 1905 1,500 25.0 37,600 56 21,000 1906 1,575 25.2 39,690 60 23,814 1907 1,700 24.7 41,000 63 26,000 1908 2,000 20.0 40,000 68 27,000 1909 3,000 12.2 40,000 70 28,000 1910 3,000 20.0 60,000 66 40,000 19U 3,000 22.5 68,000 67 46,000 1912 8,000 22.0 66,000 60 40,000 1913 3,000 22.0 66,000 58 38,000 1914 3,000 20.0 60,000 67 40,000 1916 3,000 20.0 60,000 68 41,000 1916 2,000 17.0 34,000 95 32,000 1917 3.000 16.5 46,000 135 62,000 1918 8,000 16.0 120,000 165 198,000 1919 13,000 14.0 182,000 175 318,600 1920 18,000 14.0 252,000 100 252,000 IDAHO AGRICULTURAL REVIEW 23 SUGAR BEETS From a beginning of two factories in 1904, grinding up 75,500 tons of beets into 8,798 tons of sugar, Idaho's beet sugar industry has steadily grown until in 1920 there were eight factories, manufacturing 57,603 tons of granulated sugar from 413,178 tons of beets. The in- dustry represents an investment of $10,500 000 in permanent property, giving employment to approximately 3,500 people during the cam- paigns, while during inter-campaign seasons some 600 people are em- ployed to put the factories in condition for future operation. The two oldest factories are located at Sugar City, Madison County, and Idaho Falls, Bonneville County. Other factories are located at Rigby, Jefferson County; Shelley and Blackfoot, Bingham County; Paul, Minidoka County; Burley, Cassia County, and Twin Falls, Twin Falls County. Material is on the ground for a new fac- tory at Preston, Franklin County, and a second one is proposed for Twin Falls County. A factory is also in sight for Washington County, where a considerable acreage was grown last year and will be again in 1921. In 1920, growers in the territory mentioned above, received $4,889,900 for beets raised, just at a time when the market for all other crops was decidedly demoralized. There should be a good many thousand more acres of sugar beets grown in the State. The table below does not include the crop of Bannock and Franklin counties handled by Utah factories. SUGAR BEETS AND BEET SUGAR IN IDAHO ^ c Beets worked i I -_. o o ■s in Factories 5"a < 1 a-- 1 PO n 's-;'s: Pri'C Growei Per to: o'rt O aj bj 0) ——- Acres Tons Tons Dollars Dollars Tons Percent 1904 2 43 7,700 75,500 9.81 b4.00 302,000 8,796 14.83 1905 3 48 16,800 145,000 8.63 b4.00 580,000 15,500 14.47 1906 4 95 19,950 229,023 11.48 b4.60 1,030,603 28,399 16.90 1907 4 S8 25,938 244,080 9.41 b4.50 1,098,360 a37,964 17.80 1908 4 78 20,989 205,657 9.80 b4,50 925,456 26,150 16. S4 1909 3 83 15,434 163,557 10.60 c4.53 740,913 19,994 15.98 1?1 3 51 13,178 110,556 8.39 b4.50 497,502 14,269 16.82 1911 3 91 17,052 206,367 12.11 6.02 1,035,962 26,730 16.65 1912 4 64 19,952 170,619 8.55 5.18 883,806 24,761 17.37 1913 4 77 22,497 222,612 9.90 4.99 1,110,834 29,620 16.24 1914 1915 1916 1917 1918 1919 3 920 4 78 25,3C0 264.400 10.50 4.96 1,311,424 39,618 17.78 4 5 7 7 Q 100 86 70 87 50 35,068 42,135 37,745 32,306 30,331 339,859 331,473 286,446 326,979 196,847 9.70 7.87 7.59 10.12 6.49 5.08 6.16 7.06 10.00 11.00 1,726,484 2,041,904 2,022,309 3,269,790 2,165,317 51,225 46,874 38,376 44,682 26,169 17.85 16.95 16.74 16.57 15.48 8 72 46.810 413,178 9.02 12,10 4,999,464 57,603 16.^6 Figure for 1907 seems too high but its accuracy cannot now be determined. Estimated, no records available. Census average value. Based on tons worked in factories. 24 IDAHO CROP REPORTING SERVICE POTATOES The famous Idaho Baked Potato that the traveler meets up with so frequently on the Pullman diners, is grown mostly in the irrigated area from Fremont County to Twin Falls County with the heaviest production in Bonneville and Bingham Counties. Canyon County is rapidly coming into prominence as an early potato section. The crop begins to come on the market in July when there is a lively demand and practically no competition from other producing sections. As a rule, Idaho is only exceeded by Maine in point of average yield per acre, but in 1920 the two States were tied at 180 bushels per acre. The United States average that year was 109.6 bushels. Yields of 600 bushels per acre are not uncommon in Idaho. The good judgment of our special potato reporters is reflected in the close estimate made of the 1919 potato crop. The pre-harvest estimate was 6,830 cars, which proved to be 23 cars in excess of the number actually reported moved by railroads, or an over estimate of 3 tenths of one per cent. IDAHO AGRICULTURAL REVIEW 25 POTATOES— 1920 Acreage and Production by Counties. Acreage Fremont 600 Madison 700 Jefferson 1,600 Bonneville 8,000 Bingham 7,500 Bannock 500 Minidoka 1,950 Cassia 4,800 Twin Falls 4,500 Jerome 800 Canyon 4,000 All Other Counties 6.050 State 41.000 Yield Per Acre Bushels P reduction Bushels 163 97.800 155 108,500 150 240,000 190 1.520,000 195 1,462,500 153 76,500 175 341,250 210 1,008,000 195 877,500 185 148,000 195 780,000 119 719,950 7.380.000 THIRTY-NINE YEARS OF POTATOES Yield Production Farm Farm Value Year Acreage Per Acre Price Dec. 1st Bushels Bushels Cents Dollars 1882 2.400 104.0 250.000 100 250.000 1883 2,640 102.0 269,280 72 193,882 1884 3,000 105.0 315.000 55 173,250 1885 3,160 80.0 252.000 52 131,040 1886 4.095 105.0 430.000 67 245,100 1887 4.505 102.0 460.000 36 166,600 1888 5.001 90.0 535.000 67 294,309 1889 3.822 57.0 217.854 65 141,605 1890 3.937 85.0 334.645 75 250,984 1891 4.055 115.0 466,325 40 186,530 1892 4,055 98.0 397.390 64 214,591 1893 3.812 153.0 583.236 56 326,612 1894 3.812 178.0 678.538 53 359,624 1895 3.888 105.0 408.240 40 163,296 189'6 3.B88 162.0 629,856 30 188,957 1897 3,888 140.0 544,320 32 174,182 1898 4,277 120.0 513,240 54 277,150 1899 4,790 124.0 593,960 61 362,316 1900 5,030 136.0 684,080 47 321,518 1901 9,664 108.0 1,043,712 84 876,718 1902 11,790 149.0 1,756,710 37 649,983 1903 11,672 160.0 1,867,520 46 869,059 1904 11,439 139.0 1,590,021 63 1,001,713 1905 11,782 140.0 1.649,480 48 791.750 1906 11,900 175.0 2,082,500 41 863,825 1907 1903 1909 1910 1911 1912 1913 1914 1916 1916 1917 1918 1919 1920 14,000 145.0 2,030,000 52 1.056.000 15,000 130.0 1,950,000 60 1.170.000 28,000 166.0 4,710,000 48 2.261.000 28,000 142.0 3,976,000 65 2.584.000 29,000 180.0 5,220,000 66 3.393.000 35,000 185.0 6,475,000 29 1,878,000 34,000 170.0 6,780,000 50 2,890,000 34,000 155.0 5,270,000 48 2,630,000 28,000 125.0 3,600,000 66 1,960.000 27,000 150.0 4,050,000 127 5.144.000 39.000 156.0 6,084,000 79 4.806.000 34^000 185.0 6.290,000 81 5.095.000 39 000 155.0 6.045,000 151 9.127,000 41.000 180.0 7,380,000 68 6,018,000 26 IDAHO CROP REPORTING SERVICE SEED CROPS Idaho's importance in the seed world is becoming more apparent each year. For instance, in the matter of commercial vegetable seed production, she led all states in 1920 with 42,903 acres. In 1919 she was secoind with 42,606 acres, and second again in 1918 with 37,591 acres. This seed consists mostly of garden peas and beans, with smaller acreages of radish, carrot, onion seed and onion sets. Seed Peas: In the irrigated sections of Bingham, Bonneville, Jefferspn, Madison and Fremont Counties, there has been developed a highly specialized industry of raising seed peas. Under normal con- ditions there are grown approximately 30,000 acres in this area, yield- ing an average of 18 bushels to the acre. The crop is grovm under contract, the seed being furnished the grower, who in turn delivers his crop after threshing in the fall to the warehouse. In addition to being recleaned by modern machinery, every pound of seed is hand picked to .insure standard quality. The Idaho product is sold to canneries all over the country for seed only, and the resulting crop comes back to the State as canned goods. Kootenai, Latah and Nez Perce are the other counties which grow peas in considerable quantity. The production of seed stock of high quality is increasing each year, but considerable of the crop in these Counties is "hogged off," or, sold direct as dried peas. The crop is being recommended for growing on land ordinarily fallowed. Seed Beans: A large acreage of beans, mostly seed, beans, is grown under contract in Twin Falls County and handled much the same as seed peas in the St. Anthony district. In 1919 there were over 11,000 acres, while in 1920 there was a reduction to some 8,000 acres. The yield averages 20 to 25 bushels per acre. An excellent quality of navy bean is also grovsm, comprising, approximately, 25 per cent of the total acreage, but the bulk of this variety is grown in Nez Perce, Lewis, Latah and Clearwater Counties. When beans were in favor, during the war and in 1918, these four counties raised from 25 000 to 30,000 acres, with an average yield of 10 to 15 bushels. The State's largest production was in 1918 when 43,000 acres produced an average of 20 bushels per acre, or 860,000 bushels, valued at $5,160,000. Alfalfa Seed : Idaho is probably better known by her pure Grimm alfalfa seed than by any other seed she produces. An area in the Springfield-Sterling section in Bingham County that was mostly sage brush twelve years ago, now controls 70 per cent of the Grimm alfalfa seed production of the United States. In 1920 there were 4,000 acres in this section with an average yield of 5 bushels per acre. Twelve car- loads of seed were shipped, mostly to eastern points, and six cars sold IDAHO AGRICULTURAL REVIEW 27 at an average price of 48 cents a pound. Common alfalfa seed has been averaging less than 20 cents a pound. Idaho leads all States when yields per acre are compared. In 1920 the average for the State was 5.5 bushels, while the average for the United States was 3.0 bushels. What is probably a world record yield of alfalfa seed was that secured by E. C. Davis of Buhl, which is part of the famous Twin Falls irrigation project. Mr. Davis furnished two affidavits indicating that in 1920 he produced on one acre, 32 bushels and 2 pounds of alfalfa seed, and on 6 acres, in- cluding the one above, the average yield was 29 bushels and 55 pounds. Most of the alfalfa seed is raised in Bingham, Oneida, Minidoka, Cassia, Twin Falls, Jerome, Gooding, Canyon and Washington counties. Clover Seed: As is the case with alfalfa seed, Idaho's clover seed is known for its exceptionally high color and for this reason much use is made of it in other states for blending purposes with poorer quality seed. Again this state led all others with a yield per acre of 5.5 bushels in 1920. The United States average was 1.8 bushels. Principal producing counties are Canyon, Ada, Twin Falls, Cassia, Minidoka and Jerome. Timothy Seed. In the Long Valley section of Valley County is one of the best timothy seed producing sections to be found anywhere. The industry is on an extensive scale as one field alone contains close to 1,000 acres. About 13 cars of seed were raised in this section in 1920. Adams, Idaho, Lewis, and Clearwater Counties are naturally adapted for raising seed, but in these counties it is generally more profitable to cut the timothy crop for hay. Seed Potatoes: One of the latest developments in the seed in- dustry is the production of seed potatoes. The large commercial potato growers on the irrigated tracts in the southern part of the State are becoming more dependent each year on seed stocks raised in the non- irrigated sections. The region around Ashton in Fremont County was the first to grow high grade "dry land" seed and dispose of it at fancy prices. At the 1921 State Seed Show, Bonner County carried off first, second and third prizes with Russets. The 1920 Bonner County crop sold for $1.75 to $3.50 cwt., and there was call for the seed from the irrigated sections of Washington, Oregon, Califomia, Utah, Mon- tana and Southern Idaho. Northern counties are particularly adapted to raising seed potatoes, especially Bonner, Kootenai, Benewah and Boundary Counties. A great deal of certification has been done by the Idaho University Extension Service so that the industry is estab- lished on a sound basis. Sugar Beet Seed: Soil and climatic conditions in the Upper Snake River Valley are particularly favorable for the production of 28 IDAHO CROP REPORTING SERVICE sugar beet seed. Great impetus was given to the industry during the war because European sources of supply were cut off. It reached its height in 1917 when 5,657 acres produced 2,545,650 pounds of seed valued at $1,981,200. The season that year was rather unfavorable and the State average yield was only 450 pounds per acre, but in 1918 the high average for the State of 874 pounds per acre was se- cured. The acreage centers mostly around Idaho Falls, although Grace, Bannock County, and Carey, Blaine County, produce good seed. A small acreage has been grown in Minidoka and Cassia Counties. FRUIT Apples. Apples are grown generally all over the State. Com- mercial orchards, however, are concentrated in the Boise-Payette Val- leys, and in Tvidn Falls County in the south, and Nez Perce, Kootenai and Latah Counties in the north. In point of acreage, Payette County leads with Twin Falls, Ada, Kootenai, Canyon, Nez Perce, Gem and Adams Counties following in the order named. In normal seasons, these counties will ship from 3,500 to 4,200 cars of apples. About 50 per cent of the acreage is Jonathans, 25 per cent Romes, and 25 per cent all other varieties. The largest crop in the history of the State was raised in 1919 when the agricultural or total crop amounted to 4,000,000 bushels, valued at $7,200,000. The carlot movement that year was approxi- mately 4,200 cars. Prunes: The 1920 crop did much in securing widespread adver- tisement of the high quality Italian prunes which can be raised in the Boise Valley. There were 1,267 cars shipped green, one car reaching Liverpool, England. Ada County has by far the largest acreage but Gem, Payette and Canyon Counties rank next with substantial acreages. Modem evaporating plants handle a considerable tonnage but the bulk of the crop is shipped green. Peaches: For size, color and flavor, it is doubtful if the peaches raised in Gem and Adams Counties can be surpassed any where. The acreage of peaches in the State is comparatively small and scattered, the crop generally supplying local consumption. In good years, how- ever, there is a carlot movement of 200 to 300 cars. IDAHO AGRICULTURAL REVIEW NUMBER OF FRUIT TREES, CENSUS 1920 29 Apples Peaches Pears Plums & Prunes Cherries bg be ta M a a a Counties to cd a a bO tfl g M a a n c m m n c o u s a o S g o S o cq z « z M a 15 m s; District 1. Benewah 9,695 Bonner 34,113 Boundary 54,487 Clearwater 26,341 Idaho 54,423 Kootenai 187,663 Latah 82,171 Lewis 25,099 Nez Perce. 139,655 Shoshone 2,803 District IV. Adams 124,708 Washington 80,635 District V. Boise 2.732 Custer 1,536 Lemhi - 11,829 Valley 182 District VI. Bingham 77,976 Bonneville 40,074 Butte 1.188 Clark 2,419 Fremont 6,493 Jefferson 38,076 Madison 23,503 District VII. Ada 209.457 Canyon 184,630 Elmore 56,241 Gem 126.658 Owyhee 36,903 Payette 341,378 District VIII. Blaine 3,656 Camas 252 Cassia 20,llo Gooding 29,704 Jerome ^'^■^^ Lincoln 2,637 Minidoka 21,617 Twin Falls 217,653 District IX. Bannock 18,809 Bear Lake ^'^^I Caribou 60 Franklin 24,414 Oneida 4,235 Power 4.="'= STATE 2,380,523 3,236 264 184 449 743 301 607 329 8,090 289 272 2,269 2,541 1,098 1,848 893 4,532 412 81 1,030 758 118 666 99 725 621 80 1,440 2,370 123 2,364 155 3,751 2,497 333 5,838 8,425 659 6,443 873 16,848 3.251 579 6,612 7.334 842 6,625 2,661 6.640 2,397 8,226 8,189 20,276 2,015 12,015 1,217 693 220 22 1,518 2,175 100 2,531 115 6,287 6,640 1,419 3,935 8.198 1,486 11,860 5,624 359 1 5 147 197 46 136 51 2,260 21,522 156 4,855 1,423 181 863 102 5.577 5,622 360 1.348 18,215 5,060 1,918 1,064 189 1,502 24 166 508 41 297 33 66 688 109 990 5 275 62 721 1.909 77 14 153 95 62 2 8 83 1 59 4 5,392 42 27 1.609 5,085 666 2,497 609 1,931 93 4 1.200 2,666 331 1,219 260 328 7 25 42 93 1.244 73 140 556 2,648 32 22 75 267 46 44 326 1,412 31 13 110 1,723 6 21 118 2,975 32 2 311 1,208 210 98 117 6 077 7,878 605 4,157 211,064 16.367 11,632 433 11,224 11,957 1,513 2,167 46,684 28,602 6,662 679 2,881 121 596 24,724 1,305 1,806 1 712 41,717 5,429 4,703 542 4,339 3,032 62.847 5,543 3,127 779 10,077 1,427 3,038 344 3,591 4,302 90 3,230 59,267 4,727 7.488 3 5 321 373 112 430 104 36 21 3,129 18 1,877 105 7,685 63 636 29 2.414 13 699 480 3,027 2,963 966 4,807 19,773 5,385 9,180 52 1,681 1,701 63 1,302 779 263 7,174 7,050 1,193 3,513 1,577 283 2.311 6,362 207 774 209 410 194 1,002 2,383 1,613 1,643 616 35,252 2,279 6,753 21,825 2,858 9,965 2,486 3,605 161 881 27 82 835 360 2.291 840 8 3.226 1,056 523 21 1,056 71 3 1,366 221 237 8 1.382 913 1,889 4,012 561 67 898 214 123 227 161 63 76 44 257 637 386 300 345 144,088 178,434 26,648 76.452 552,595 80,485 117,672 25,877 30 IDAHO CROP REPORTING SERVICE LIVE STOCK From 1910 to 1920, Idaho's live stock population made a gradual increase In number and value. The hard winter of 1919-20, however, with its exceptionally low temperatures and shortage of feed, forced many live stock owners to liquidate. Steady declines in prices during 1920 caused further reduction in holdings, until January 1st, 1921, found the state's live stock industry back to the pre-war basis of 1914. All classes of animals registered decreases January 1st, 1921, except dairy cows, which class gained 1,000 head from the previous year. Sheep: In 1918 and 1919, Idaho ranked second of all the states in sheep population, but yielded that position in 1920 and 1921 to California and Texas respectively. Wool production in pounds for the past five years has been as follows: 1920, 21,702,000; 1919, 22,145,000; 1918, 19,500,000; 1917, 17,500,000; 1916, 15,000,000. In addition, thousands of lambs are shipped annually either as fat lambs for the market or as "feeders" to other states, so that the sheep industry is one of the most important in the state. Owyhee County leads all counties in number of sheep. RELATIVE NUMERICAL IMPORTANCE OF DIFFERENT CLASSES OF LIVESTOCK IDAHO AGRICULTURAL REVIEW 31 Milk Cows: Dairying- is one of the state's rapidly growing in- dustries. With only 86,000 milk coWs in 1910, valued at $3,500,000, this class of live stock has increased until in 1921 it totaled 137,000 head and was valued at nearly $10,000,000. The 1920 census reports the total farm value of milk, cream and butter fat sold, and of butter and cheese made, as $8,066,000. This did not include milk and cream consumed on the farm where produced. Dairying is carried on profit- ably in every county of the State. Many silos are being built every year in southern, western and northern counties where corn will yield from 15 to 20 tons of silage. Boise Valley is particu- larly adapted to dairying on account of the temperate climate, abund- ance of alfalfa and the high carrying capacity of pasture. Four cows per acre of pasture is not uncommon, but the average is close to three. Ada and Canyon counties together have 23,290 milk cows, and Twin Falls, Bannock and Bingham rank next in order. Other Cattle: Cattle increased from 368,000 head in 1910 to the high water mark of 575,000 head in 1920. The total value of this one class of animals reached $26,259,000 in 1919, the highest on record, or more than three times the total value ten years ago. Summer range in well regulated forest reserves and fall pasture and winter feed in the many irrigated sections make Idaho particularly favor- able for the cattle industry. Horses and Mules: In spite of growing competition from auto- mobiles and tractors, horses and mules are not only holding their own but have shown substantial increases the past ten years. Except for a rather sharp reduction in 1921, prices per head have remained fairly constant and generally satisfactory. With the exception of the four years 1917 to 1920 inclusive, horses have led all other classes of live stock in aggregate value. Swine: Idaho had the largest number of swine in her history during 1916 when there were 344,000 head. The gradual decline in number during the years following is due to the decrease in barley production, large wheat production and the sentiment against feeding wheat to live stock during the war. In spite of breaks in the market the past year, the swine industry shows signs of being on the increase. RELATIVE IMPORTANCE DIFFERENT BREEDS LIVE STOCK Idaho U. S Hogs Per Per cent cent Durock Jersey ... .... 34.6 34.2 Poland China .... 32.1 27.9 Berkshire .... 13.4 9.2 Chester White .... 7.1 10.7 Other .... 4.0 8.2 Nondescript .... 8.8 9.8 Cattle Short Horn .... 34.3 22.6 Hereford .... 28.9 21.0 Holstein .... 14.0 16.2 Jersey .... 10.6 14.0 Other 6.7 15.9 Nondescript .... 5.5 10.3 Idaho U. S. Sheep Per Per cent cent Hampshire 21.0 6.1 Shropshire 1S.8 23.2 Oxforddown 1.2 1.9 Merino 17.2 25.4 Rambouillet 12.2 13.5 Cotswold 15.0 7.2 Lincoln 7.4 3.8 Other 3.0 11.0 Nondescript 4.2 8.1 ■ 32 IDAHO CROP REPORTING SERVICE LIVE STOCK BY COUNTIES— JANUARY 1, 1921 Counties Horses Mules Milk Cows OtherCattle Sheep Swine District I. Benewah 3,260 Bonner 2,100 Boundary 1,030 Clearwater 1,690 Idaho 12,880 Kootenai 4,130 JLatah 9,520 Lewis 5,330 Nez Perce 9,570 Shoshone 290 District IV. Adams 3,220 Washington 8,770 District V. Boise 1,480 Custer 4,100 Lemhi 6,200 Valley 1,790 District VI. Bingham 14,090 Bonneville 11,920 Butte 3,880 Clark 4,340 Fremont 9,100 Jefferson 7,270 Madison 7,340 Teton 4,730 District VII. Ada 9,850 Canyon 14,360 Elmore 2,700 Gem 3,860 Owyhee 9,350 Payette 3,200 District VIIL Blaine 3.320 Camas 3,020 Cassia 11,110 Gooding 4,410 Jerome 3.010 Lincoln 4,330 Minidoka 5,680 Twin Falls 17,580 District IX. Bannock 13,740 Bear Lake 6,590 Caribou 2,570 Franklin 6,330 Oneida 9,960 Power 9,000 State 284,000 110 1,840 1,900 260 1,400 20 3,110 4,230 1.050 1,350 10 710 3,700 1,050 640 80 510 2,760 1,675 950 420 3,680 37,840 51,670 14,720 70 4,090 6.120 1,310 2.320 480 4,710 6.270 6,245 7.300 110 860 6,800 4,460 4,510 440 3,580 11,460 21,510 9,270 5 710 540 260 300 95 1,220 16,960 7.610 1,830 260 4,250 21,100 39,610 4,170 45 260 10.820 1,835 1,160 30 1,170 26.350 39,870 1,860 70 1,820 31.300 98,890 2,900 30 1.380 7.100 2,100 680 110 6.580 5.700 108,070 12,000 260 4,550 7,950 48,000 15,000 75 1,180 7,080 76,020 2,610 25 590 9,000 28.690 1,110 IbO 3,360 15,680 ,<33.3]0 5,240 SO 3,160 1,660 39,080 10,400 150 2,730 4,870 49.836 6,520 110 3,670 4,440 18,620 2,520 280 12,250 24,160 144,000 8,970 600 11,040 18.120 265,185 13,100 60 850 21,850 88.135 680 315 2,520 11,670 208,000 3,670 270 1,330 66,460 300,860 2,950 190 3,730 9,630 84,460 3,130 35 1,590 12,760 54.660 2,940 30 690 8,650 3.150 1,020 220 4,420 28,500 113,840 8,320 170 3.630 7.660 113.050 2,300 ISO 1.850 2.060 63.740 1,720 140 1,480 1,300 52.985 3,330 125 2.870 4.350 67,410 4,740 820 8.2S0 17,080 199,085 17,200 200 7,630 16,900 65,840 7.230 20 3,070 16,700 38,035 3,100 30 1,0D0 14.960 29,380 1.100 6,010 3.200 8,656 4,200 116 2,610 10.000 17.570 4,140 600 1,740 6.500 26.230 1,500 ,400 137.000 541.000 2.623.000 206.000 IDAHO AGRICULTURAL REVIEW 33 LIVE STOCK ON FARMS AND RANGES IN IDAHO, JANUARY 1, FOR THE PA. T TWELVE YEARS Year Number Value — all ages Per head Aggregate Number Value — all ages Per head Aggregate H( DRSES MULES 1921 284,000 $ 68.00 $19,312,000 7,400 $ 76.00 $ 562,000 *1920 293,000 77.00 22,561,000 7,700 91.00 701,000 1919 276,000 89.00 24,564,000 4,000 98.00 392,000 1918 265,000 99.00 26,235.000 4.000 105.00 420,000 1917 250,000 93.00 23,250,000 4,000 100.00 400,000 1916 241,000 90.00 21,690.000 4.000 95.00 380,000 1915 243,000 92.00 22,356,000 4.000 85.00 340,000 1914 234,000 96.00 22,464,000 4.000 103.00 412,000 1913 223,000 100.00 22,300,000 4,000 108.00 432,000 1912 214,000 96.00 20,644,000 4.000 112.00 448,000 1911 208,000 104.00 21,632,000 4,000 118.00 472,000 **1910 198,000 102.00 20,196.000 4,000 116.00 464,000 MILK 1 COWS OTHER CATTLE 1921 137,000 $ 72.00 $ 9,864,000 541,000 $ 33.70 $18,232,000 •1920 136,000 85.00 11,560,000 576,000 44.10 25,358,000 1919 136,000 82.00 11,152.000 537,000 48.90 26,259,000 1918 139,000 73.00 10,147,000 488,000 44.70 21,814,000 1917 135,000 63.50 8,572,000 465,000 38.60 17,949,000 1916 126,000 66.00 8,316,000 406,000 38.60 16.672.000 1915 120,000 72.00 8,640,000 379,000 41.80 15.842,000 1914 112,000 69.80 7,818,000 364,000 41.20 14,586,000 1913 102,000 59.60 6,079,000 340,000 33.50 11,390,000 1912 94,000 48.50 4.669,000 343,000 26.60 8,746,000 1911 90.000 43.60 3,915,000 346,000 21.70 7.508,000 •*1910 86,000 41.40 3,560,000 368,000 21.40 7.875,000 SHEEP SWINE 1921 2,623,000 $ 6.20 16,263,000 206,000 $ 12.60 $ 2.575.000 *1920 2,914,000 10.40 30,306.000 240,000 17.80 4,272,000 1919 3,234,000 12.20 39,455.000 208,000 19.60 4,077,000 1918 3,202,000 13.30 42,587,000 219,000 19.00 4,161,000 1917 3,170,000 8.20 25,994.000 292,000 10.40 3,037,000 1916 3,102,000 5.60 17.371,000 344,000 7.00 2,408,000 1915 3,041,000 4.70 14,293,000 328,000 10.00 3,280,000 1914 2,981.000 4.20 12,520,000 252,000 10.70 2,696,000 1913 2,951,000 4.00 11,804,000 233,000 10.30 2,400,000 1912 2,961.000 3.60 10,624,000 212,000 8.00 1,696,000 1911 2,951,000 3.96 11,686,000 196,000 9.20 1,803,000 *-1910 3,011,000 4.70 14,151,000 178,000 8.70 1,548.000 TOTAL NUMBER AND VALUE OF ALL ANIMALS ENUMERATED ABOVE Year Number Value 1921 3,798,400 $ 66,808,000 *1920 4.165.700 94,758,000 1919 4,395,000 105,899,000 1918 4,317,000 105,364,000 1917 4,316,000 79,202,000 1916 4,223,000 65,837,000 1915 4,115,000 64,751,000 1914 3,937,000 60,495,000 1913 3,853,000 64,406,000 1912 3,818,000 46,617,000 1911 3,796,000 47,016,000 •*1910 3,845,000 47,794,000 •Census. January 1st subject to correction. ••Census April 15th. 34 IDAHO CROP REPORTING SERVICE VALUE OF ALL LIVE STOCK— 1920 CENSUS In Millions of Dollars Twin Falls. Canyon Owyhee Ada Bannock Cassia Bingham.... Idaho Gem - Bonneville.. Lemhi Gooding Fremont Washing'n. Nez Perce. Jefferson... Madison..... Elmore Minidoka.... Payette Latah Oneida Bear Lake.. Blaine Custer Butte Power Jerome Lincoln Franklin Teton Clark Adams Lewis Kootenai.... Caribou Bonner Camas Benewah.... Valley Boise Clearwater. Boundary... Shoshone.... IDAHO AGRICULTURAL REVIEW VALUE OF ALL CROPS 1920 CENSUS In Millions of Dollars 35 1 ■■?■■■? I ^ ? i^iiiii ? ^ "> '.' 'Z 13 14 36 IDAHO CROP REPORTING SERVICE TABLE SHOWING ACREAGE, PRODUCTION AND FARM VALUE OF THE PRINCIPAL FIELD CROPS FOR 1920 AND 1919 Crop Year Acreage Wheat 1920 1,050,000 1919 1,060,000 Oats 1920 190,000 1919 200,000 Barley 1920 91,800 1919 90,000 Corn, erain 1920 22,500 1919 17,500 Corn, ensilage 1920 22,500 1919 17,500 Rye 1920 18,000 1919 13,000 Potatoes 1920 41,000 1919 39,000 Hay, tame 1920 1,050,000 1919 1,049,000 Hay, wild 1920 126,000 1919 120,000 Sugar Beets 1920 45,810 1919 30,331 Sugar Beet Seed 1920 2,900 1919 5,657 Clover Seed, Red.... 1920 16,000 1919 13,000 Clover Seed, Alsike 1920 2,200 1919 2,100 Clover Seed, White 1920 400 1919 500 Alfalfa Seed 1920 14,000 1919 8,500 Timothy Seed 1920 4,000 1919 2,000 Beans 1920 LS,000 1919 36,000 Peas 1920 42,000 1919 23,000 Onions 1920 5B0 1919 450 Apples 1920 1919 Peaches 1920 1919 Pears 1920 1919 Totals 1920 2,763,660 1919 2,717,538 •Fruit Omitted. Production Farm Value Dec. 1 Per Acre Total Unit Per Unit Total Value Per Acre 22.5 18.2 23,600,000 19,076,000 Bu. Bu. $ 1.25 : 2.05 $29,500,000 1 39,103,750 ; 27.50 36.!i0 38 35 7,220,000 7,000,000 Bu. Bu. .68 .98 4,909,600 6,860,000 25.84 34.30 38 30 3,488,400 2,700,000 Bu. Bu. .75 1.40 2,616,300 3,780,000 28.50 42.00 40 35 900,000 612,600 Bu. Bu. 1.00 1.65 900,000 1,010,625 40.00 57.76 9.6 10.5 213„750 183,750 Tons Tons 5.00 8.25 1,068,750 1,515,937 47.50 86.62 14 14 252,000 182,000 Bu. Bu. 1.00 1.75 252,000 318,500 14.00 24.60 180 165 7,380.000 6,045,000 Bu. Bu. .68 1.61 5,018,400 9,127,950 122.40 234.05 2.7 2.1 2,836.000 2,202,900 Tons Tons 12.50 22.00 35,437,600 48,463,800 33.75 46.20 1.2 1.0 150,000 120,000 Tons Tons 10.80 20.50 1,620,000 2,460,000 12.96 20.50 8.82 6.70 404,044 203.217 Tons Tons 12.10 11.00 4,888,900 2,235,387 106.72 73.70 780 450 2,262,000 2,545,650 Lbs Lbs. .37 .50 836,940 1,272,826 288.60 225.00 0.5 6.0 8S.000 78,000 Bu. Bu. 11.25 25.40 990,000 1,981,200 61.87 162.40 6.5 6.0 12,100 12,600 Bu. Bu. 14.00 26.20 169,400 330,120 77.00 167.20 4.5 4.0 1,800 2,000 Bu. Bu. 16.26 27.25 27,450 64,500 68.62 109.30 5.5 5.0 77.000 42,600 Bu. Bu. 9.70 14.70 746,900 624,760 63.3.S 73.60 5.5 4.6 22,000 9,000 Bu. Bu. 5.00 6.40 110,000 48,600 27.50 24.30 11.5 11.0 2R7.600 396,000 Bu. Bu. 3.76 4.00 1,078,125 1,584,000 43.12 44.00 17.4 8.0 730,800 184,000 Bu. Bu 4.20 4.80 3,069.360 883,200 73.08 38.40 225 300 123,750 135,000 Bu. Bu. 1.99 2.40 246,262 324,000 447.45 720.09 3,360,000 4,000,000 Bu. Bu. 1.45 1.80 4,872,000 7,200,000 40,000 360,000 Bu. Bu. 2.90 1.80 116,000 630,000 83,000 70,000 Bu. Bu. 2.76 2.40 229,080 168,000 98,702.967 129.977,144 33.82» 44.88* IDAHO AGRICULTURAL REVIEW 37 VALUE OF ALL PLOW LANDS IN 1920 The average value of all plow land in Idaho has increased from $41.63 per acre in 1910 to $105 per acre in 1920, or an increase of a little more than 152 per cent. Only one county in 1910 showed values higher than the average for the State at this time. The addition of a little more than a million acres to the irrigated area of the State is responsible for a part of this increase, but a comparison of present values with those of ten years ago shows that every county has shared in the increase. Rapid development of agriculture has been a material factor in the increased land values. Fourteen counties now show average plow land values rangmg from $100 up, as compared to one in 1910 of more than $100. Only six counties in the State show average values of less than $50. Only six counties ten years ago showed average values of $50 or more per acre. 38 IDAHO CROP REPORTING SERVICE FARM LAND VALUES PER ACRE— 1920 Counties and Districts Average Poor Plow Land Average Good Plow Land Average All Plow Land District I. $ 44 $ 72 $ 61 33 . . 79 , 71 30 100 70 35 100 68 Idaho 67 105 85 30 113 73 61 139 107 49 99 82 Nez Perce. 72 105 94 53 107 86 District IV. Adams 27 78 53 35 ... 125 95 21 90 64 District V. 25 100 60 Custer 35 85 65 Lemhi 50 125 . ... ,. . . . 75 Valley 37 103 67 District VI. Bingham 84 206 158 Bonneville 98 190 140 Butte 80 125 110 Clark 75 75 Fremont 64 133 93 Jefferson 80 172 130 93 185 135 Teton 30 70 . . . 60 Average 79 168 106 District VII. Ada 85 240 186 75 225 186 Elmore 10 88 95 Gem 10 ... 70 88 Owyhee 25 100 75 Payette 65 167 117 Average 63 167 142 District VIII. Blaine 43 89 83 Camas 22 78 .... 70 100 183 Gooding 113 186 167 Jerome 125 200 80 130 Twin Falls 132 311 Average 104 209 174 District IX. Bannock 27 60 44 Bear Lake 20 63 43 Franklin 56 181 Oneida 15 40 Power 35 Average 32 93 61 60 135 State 105 IDAHO AGRICULTURAL REVIEW 39 WAGES OF MALE FARM LABOR IN IDAHO AND THE UNITED STATES Average per month Average per day Average per day Years "^ year for harvest work for other work With Without With Without With Without Board Board Board Board Board Board IDAHO — ~- 1920 $78.00 $106.00 $4.75 $5.60 $3.95 $4.85 1919 69.00 93.60 4.00 4.95 3.45 4.50 1918 64.00 86.25 3.60 4.45 3.10 3.95 1917 51.00 70.00 3.12 3.80 2.48 3.20 1916 38.70 54.00 2.40 2.90 1.84 2.43 1915 35.90 51.00 2.21 2.68 1.69 2.28 1914 35.70 51.00 2.28 2.73 1.71 2.28 1910 UNITED 35.00 STATES 49.50 2.20 2.80 1.70 2.27 1920 $46.89 $ 64.95 $1.60 $4.36 $2.86 $3.59 1919 39.82 56.29 3.15 3.83 2.45 3.12 1918 34.92 48.80 2.65 3.22 2.07 2.63 1917 28.87 40.43 2.08 2.54 1.56 2.02 1916 23.25 32.83 1.69 2.07 1.26 1.62 1915 21.26 30.15 1.56 1.92 1.13 1.47 1914 21.05 29.88 1.55 1.91 1.13 1.45 1910 19.21 27.50 1.45 1.82 1.06 1.38 12a ^ Idaho farm labor Wages Compared with United States. : 1510 1914 ISfl5 V 1916 1317 EARS. 19^8 '919 1970 The above chart is a comparison of monthly wages in Idaho and the United States. It is interesting to note that farm wages in Idaho with board have been uniformly higher than in the United States without board. 40 IDAHO CROP REPORTING SERVICE SALIENT FEATURES OF IDAHO CLIMATE CLINTON B. NORQUEST Meteorologist U. S. Weather Bureau It is exceedingly difficult to speak in general terms of Idaho climate. The state extends through seven degrees of latitude, a range exceeded by only California and Texas, and in altitude it ranges from a little over 700 feet to well beyond 12,000 feet. Its surface is broken by numerous mountain ranges that traverse it in every direction and by intervening valleys of varying width and depth and extent. Any general statement made regarding either temperature or precipitation would immediately call to mind numerous well defined exceptions. In a broad way it can be said that so far as the temperature and precipi- tation of Idaho are concerned altitude is a more potent factor than latitude. Boundary county in the extreme north has a higher mean annual temperature than any of the counties of the southeastern plateau. Idaho lies within the region of prevailing westerly winds and is affected in a marked degree by the ameliorating influence of the Pacific, so that the climate of the entire state is really more mild than its latitude and altitude would leadi one to expect, and considerably milder than the climate of the states lying in the same latitude to the eastward of the great Continental Divide, the lofty ranges of which stretch for a considerable distance along the northeastern boundary and serve as an admirable barrier against the cold waves and blizzards that sweep down from the Canadian northwest and the Hudson Ray region across Montana and the Dakotas into the plains states and the Mississippi valley. Broadly speaking, the average winter temperatures of Idaho are about the same as those experienced in Colorado, Kansas, Illinois, and Indiana, while the average summer temperatures compare with those prevailing in Montana, North Dakota, and northern New York. The coldest portions of the state are comprised in the sparsely settled mountainous region in the interior and the high slopes of the main range of the Rocky Mountains along the eastern border. In these mountainous sections the winters are long with severe cold and heavy snowfall; the summers are short and cool, although in the sheltered valleys summer afternoon temperatures sometimes run rather high; radiation is extremely rapid and in consequence the summer nights are cool, usually cool enough to make a fire necessary for comfort. In these regions frosts are likely to occur in midsummer. It is in this elevated section of Idaho that the lowest temperature of official record for the state was registered — 50 degrees below zero at Stanley, in Custer county, on December 12, 1919. The extensive plateaus and high valleys that form a large part of the central, southern, and eastern counties of the state are somewhat warmer than the mountainous regions just described, but, the eleva- IDAHO AGRICULTURAL REVIEW 41 tions being considerable, the winters are cold and the summers are short and cool, yet long enough and warm enough to produce a good growth of grass and to mature the staple cereal crops. With the descent from the elevated plateaus and high valleys to the Snake River valley temperature conditions change. In the upper Snake River valley, which is relatively high, the winters are moderately cold and the summers are moderately warm. The growing season is sufficiently Normal /Innucd Precipitat/on (Based of^ reconcO of '*« USiyea^/rer-Si^reaK ) 42- IDAHO CROP REPORTING SERVICE long to mature a number of staple crops, such as wheat, barley, rye, oats, potatoes, field peas, and sugar beets, all sorts of garden and truck crops, and some of the hardier fruits. That portion of the Snake River valley reaching from the Shoshone Falls to the western bound- ary of the state together with the lower valleys of its tributaries within that stretch, comprise what are generally known as the south- west valleys. Here the winters are mild, temperatures below zero occurring only very rarely; the snowfall is for the most part light and /Vormal Jjaaual ' /sofherms I Sase«( on records af //r« U.S fi^affiorJSurecti^ generally remains on the ground but a short time. The growing season is relatively long, approximating that of Kansas, and the southern portions of Missouri, Illinois, and Indiana. During the long and mostly cloudless days of summer the afternoon temperatures rise high, frequently exceeding 100 degrees, but even during the heated periods of summer the nights are almost invariably cool. Indeed that is one feature of Idaho's climate that is common to all sections of the IDAHO AGRICULTURAL REVIEW 43 state: the summer nights are refreshingly cool. It is in this part of the Snake River valley that the highest temperatures of official record for this state was registered — 115 degrees at Hagerman, in Lincoln county, on July 30, 1900. It seldom happens that fall frosts do serious damage, as the staple crops (wheat, barley, oats, alfalfa, potatoes and com) and the fruit crops for which this section is famous, normally mature well in advance of the first killing frost of autumn; but late frosts in spring and early summer sometimes play havoc with orchards and gardens. There remains northern Idaho, that portion of the state some- times called the "panhandle." It has a varied topography and in con- sequence a great variety of climate. In the main the climate re- sembles that of some of the central states, although the range in tem- perature between winter and summer, is not so great. In the lower valleys, particularly that of the Clearwater River, temperatures are exceptionally mild; the growing season is generally free from damag- ing frosts and approximates in length the growing season of Oklahoma and northern Arkansas. There is in this section of the state, as well as in the others mentioned, a marked difference in climate due to difference in altitude, and the change from the mild climate of the lower Clearwater valley to the cold slopes of the Bitter Root Mountains in the east is very noticeable. In considering the climatic features of a state so rugged as Idaho and having so great a range in elevation a discussion of its precipita- tion in general terms is even more difficult than the description of its temperature distribution. Broadly speaking its regions of heaviest annual precipitation coincide roughly with its areas of lowest annual mean temperature and its dryest sections lie in the areas of highest annual mean temperatures. The precipitation for the year is greatest over the northern portion of the state, ranging from about 25 inches near the western border to more than 40 inches in the Coeur d' Alenes. Over practically all of this section the rainfall is ample for the staple crops and irrigation is practiced in only relatively small areas. Another region of precipitation in excess of 25 inches a year covers the central mountainous district. A very considerable proportion of the precipitation of this district occurs in the form of snow and is of prime importance as the source of moisture that feeds the countless streams having their sources in this region and sustains their flow through the long dry summers. This region with its apparently favor- able moisture conditions is not of first importance agriculturally because its elevation results in unfavorable conditions of temperature. There is a large area of the state, embraced in the eastern and southern plateau sections and some of the high central valleys, where the annual precipitation exceeds 10 inches, 40 to 50 per cent of which occurs during the crop season from April 1st to September 30th. In many localities of this region so called "dry farming" is carried on quite successfully, due probably as much to the fact that the soil is 44 IDAHO CROP REPORTING SERVICE peculiarly retentive of moisture as to the favorable distribution of precipitation; but even in these districts irrigation is practiced where water for the purpose is available. The dryest districts of the state are comprised in that part of the Snake River valley reaching from the Shoshone Falls to near the mouth of the Boise River, and in the valleys of the Lost River and the Salmon River. In these areas the annual precipitation is less than 10 inches, too little for crop needs, and successful farming can be carried on only where irrigation water is available. November and December are the wet months of the year in most sections and July and August are the dry months, in fact in the regions of the lightest rainfall July and August are frequently rain- less. Over the southwest valleys less than 40 per cent of the year's precipitation occurs during the crop season, a fact of prime importance to hay growers, but over the greater portion of the state 40 to 50 per cent of the annual amount falls during the growing season. Idaho's position in the great system of atmospheric circulation of the northern hemisphere is in the belt of prevailing westerly winds, but for many localities, due to the deflecting effects of topography, surface winds show wide deviations from this rule. There is likewise a considerable variation in wind movement, ranging from the high winds of more or less frequent occurrence over the exposed areas of the Snake River plains to the comparative calm prevailing in sheltered valleys. However, winds of destructive force are of rare occurrence. Summer thunderstorms are of frequent occurrence in the moun- tains, but they are not often violent; in the lower agricultural sections they occur only infrequently and usually in a very mild form. Losses from lightning are negligible. Hail falls occasionally but the storms are generally of very limited extent and very seldom are they damag- ing. Although summer sunshine is intense and temperatures range high, sun stroke or heat prostration is practically unknown. IDAHO AGRICULTURAL REVIEW 45 FROST DATA FOR IDAHO (Compiled from the records of the Weather Bureau.) STATIONS Average Length Date of last Record killing frost Years in spring American Falls 27 May 22 Arco 16 June 8 Ashton 20 June 7 Blackfoot 25 May 21 Blackfoot Dam 12 June 16 Boise 40 April 27 Buhl 14 May 10 Caldwell 16 May 17 Cambridge 18 May 19 Chesterfield 23 June 16 Coeur d'Alene 15 May 12 Council 9 May 19 Emmett 15 April 29 Glenns Ferry 12 May 12 Geneva 10 July 3 Gooding 12 May 23 Grace 14 May 25 Hailey 18 June 5 Hollister 9 May 26 Idaho City 16 June 12 Idaho Falls 24 May 20 Kellogg 16 May 17 Kirkham 10 June 20 Kooskia 12 May 1 Lewiston 27 April 7 Little Camas 11 June 25 Loon Creek 11 June 26 McCall 9 June 19 Mackay 13 June 3 Meridian 10 May 9 Moscow 28 May 6 Mountainhome 15 May 21 Murtaugh 15 May 7 New Meadows 16 June 22 Nezperce 12 May 30 Oakley 28 May 24 Orofino 18 April €8 Payette 29 May 8 Pleasant Valley 13 May 17 Pocatello 22 May 1 Pollock 17 April 25 Porthill 28 May 11 Richfield H J™e 4 Rupert 14 May 14 Saint Maries 21 May 10 Salmon 15 May 22 Sandpoint 10 May 22 Shoshone 13 May 16 Soldier 26 June 26 Springfield 12 June 5 Sugar City 14 May 23 Sunnyside H May 17 Twin Falls 16 May 23 Wallace 13 May 15 Weiser 9 May 14 Wendell 13 May 17 Average Date first killing frost in autumn Sept. 14 Sept. 6 Sept. 11 Sept. 15 28 14 4 5 Aug. Oct. Oct. Oct. Sept. 28 Aug. 21 Oct. 10 Oct. 2 Oct. 11 Oct. 3 Sept. 3 Sept. 19 Sept. 14 Sept. 16 Sept. 20 Sept. 8 Sept. 16 Sept. 24 Sept. 10 Oct. 11 Oct. 26 Sept. 7 Aug. 28 Sept. 2 Sept. 19 Oct. 2 Oct. 7 Sept. 15 Sept. 30 Sept, Sept. 22 Sept. 22 Oct. 16 Sept. 30 Sept. 28 Oct. 7 Oct. 16 Sept. 29 Sept. 14 Sept. 18 Sept. 21 Sept 9 Sept. 19 Sept. 26 Sept. 4 Sept. 16 Sept. 17 Sept. 30 Oct. 1 Oct. 5 Oct. 3 Sept. 26 3 Earliest Date killing frost in autumn Aug. 19 Aug. 18 Aug. 18 Aug. 22 Aug. 4 Sept. 22 Sept. 13 Sept. 14 Sept. 13 Aug. 1 Aug. 31 Sept. 10 Sept. 24 Sept. 14 Aug. 18 Sept. 5 Aug. 19 Aug. 9 Aug. 15 Aug. 18 Aug. 25 Aug. 28 Sept. 1 Sept. 10 Sept. 21 Aug. 12 Aug. 16 Aug. 18 Aug. 26 Sept. 13 Sept. 6 Aug. 25 Aug. 23 Aug. 1 Aug. 17 Aug. 21 Sept. 25 Sept. 6 Sept. 11 Sept. 13 Sept. 26 Sept. 12 Aug. 19 Aug. 25 Aug. 19 Aug. 19 Aug. 24 Sept. 5 Aug. 5 Aug. 20 Aug. 25 Sept. 13 Sept. 5 Sept. 23 Sept. 11 Latest Date killing frost in spring July July July June 25 July 28 June 16 June 1 June 9 June 24 July 30 June 12 June 5 May June July July June 19 July 14 June 21 July July May July June May July July July June 27 June 6 May 30 July 14 June 22 July 30 July 13 June 16 May 27 June 10 July 14 June June July July June June 12 July 14 June 12 June 21 July 29 July 14 June 22 June 13 July 14 June 26 June 5 1 18 14 25 19 14 18 7 29 18 5 10 18 i8' 26 1 6 1 14 6 46 IDAHO CROP REPORTING SERVICE NORMAL PRECIPITATION FOR IDAHO stations Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May June July Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. Ann'l American Falls..l.60 Arco 1.16 Ashton 1.81 Blackfoot 0.97 Blackfoot Dam....l.67 Bogus Creek 2.79 Boise 1.89 Boulder Mine 4.58 Buhl 1.04 Caldwell 1.34 Cambridge 3.41 Challis 0.64 Chesterfield 1.33 Coeur d'Alene 3.69 Driggs 2.12 Emmett 1.31 Garden Valley....3.67 Geneva 1.83 Glenns Ferry 1.23 Gooding 1.13 Grace 1.35 Grimes Pass 4.11 Hailey 2.91 Idaho City 2.B6 Idaho Falls 1.64 Irwin 1.35 Kellogg 3.80 Kirkham 3.84 Kooskia 2.27 Lapwai 1.88 Lewiston 1.58 Little Camas 3.10 Mackay 1.08 Meridian 1.50 Moscow 2.92 Mountainhome ..1.54 Murtaugh 1.47 New Meadows....3.26 Nezperce 2.06 Oakley 0.90 Obsidian 2.61 Orofino 3.21 Payette 1.51 Pine 3.20 Pleasant Valley..l.29 Porthill 2.72 Pocatello 0.66 Pyle Creek 4.17 Richfield 1.65 Rupert 1.33 St. Maries 3.28 Salmon 0.81 Sandpoint 3.42 Sheep Hill 4.68 Shoshone 1.57 Soldier Creek 4.07 Springfield 1.07 Sugar 1.04 Sunnyside 1.38 Tripod Mtn 3.00 Twin Falls 1.43 Wallace 5.06 Wendell 1.72 1.30 1.59 1.30 1.58 0.99 0.69 0.48 0.77 1.25 1.36 1.24 14.15 0.51 1.00 0.64 1.45 1.19 0.60 0.47 0.66 0.62 0.63 0.71 9.64 1.47 1.39 1.26 2.04 1.41 0.92 0.53 1.19 1.32 1.22 1.56 16.12 0.S4 0.95 0.87 1.47 0.87 0.77 0.64 0,82 1.15 0.80 0.84 10.99 1.57 1.21 1.25 1.75 1.79 1.13 0.94 1.63 1.66 1.38 1.28 17.15 2.78 2.28 2.70 2.61 1.63 0.92 0.36 1.39 2.37 3.18 2.31 25 ..32 1.42 1.44 1.18 1.29 0.88 0.18 0.16 0.41 1.28 0.86 1.72 12.71 3.72 3.07 2.29 2.60 1.86 0.94 0.40 1.51 2.13 4.48 3.48 31.06 0.97 0.67 0.84 1.12 1.16 0.49 0.17 0.61 1.01 0.96 0.96 9.99 1.04 1.04 n.83 1.11 0.81 0.49 0.24 0.66 0.82 0.95 1.04 10.27 2.17 1.88 1.39 1.47 0.97 0.46 0.36 0.71 1.26 2.42 2.48 18.'.lS 0.72 0.34 0.51 1.11 0.76 0.44 0.45 0.91 0.65 0.32 0.74 7.48 1.06 1.33 1.06 1.85 1.32 0.74 1.06 0.86 1.05 0.90 1.15 13.70 2.43 2.38 1.83 1.91 1.45 0.71 0.67 1.42 1.68 3.36 3.48 24.81 1.06 1.29 0.94 2.73 2.06 1.42 0.85 1.44 1.22 1.09 1.16 17.37 1.06 1.14 1.01 1.20 1.08 0.60 0.19 0.84 0.86 1.31 1.40 11.90 2.49 2.68 2.10 1.25 0.91 0.28 0.51 1.20 1.96 3.73 3.14 23.91 1.46 1.38 1.08 1.10 0.77 0.93 0.54 1.16 1.09 1.54 0.96 13.82 1.24 0.52 0.55 0.72 0.46 0.33 0.10 0.36 0.67 1.43 0.98 8.59 0.95 0.61 0.81 0.72 0.38 0.47 0.1'5 0.60 0.90 1.63 0.84 9.19 0.95 1.21 0.99 1.77 1.20 0.90 0.89 0.99 1.34 1.14 1.05 13.78 3.02 2.56 2.04 2.31 1.66 0.66 0.47 1.41 1.90 3.98 3.26 27.35 2.18 1.51 1.00 1.38 0.96 0.68 0.68 0.86 1.29 1.33 1.63 16.21 3.20 2.34 1.44 1.71 0.84 0.55 0.44 0.93 1.34 2.79 3.00 21.14 1.13 1.48 1.03 1.65 1.30 0.64 0.71 0.96 1.18 0.90 1.07 13.59 1.00 1.24 1.26 2.10 1.40 1.00 0.92 1.26 1.52 1.12 1.18 15.34 2.82 2.99 2.01 3.15 2.16 1.16 1.01 1.93 2.61 3.96 3.06 30.66 2.76 1.67 1.52 2.07 1.65 0.74 0.62 1.36 1.62 3.28 3.60 24.63 1.67 2.11 2.45 3.09 1.96 0.80 0.77 1.70 l.Sfi 2.59 1.33 22.60 1.48 1.77 1.35 1.78 1.43 0.45 0.59 0.78 1.38 2.29 2.11 17.29 1.34 1.28 1.13 1.63 1.04 0.42 0.37 0.65 1.20 1.32 1.62 13.48 2.30 1.61 1.37 1.39 0.93 0.«6 0.20 1.21 1.65 3.12 2,29 19.83 0.90 0.38 0.61 1.13 1.06 1.02 0.61 1.07 0.66 0.40 0.50 9.31 1.26 1.21 1.16 1.24 0.99 0.50 0.20 0.74 1.31 1.17 1.14 12.42 2.11 2.06 1.56 2.35 1.32 0.69 0.77 1.23 1.62 3.05 2.47 22.14 1.25 1.07 0.90 0.97 0.81 0.48 0.16 0.72 1.03 1.25 1.20 11.38 1.27 0.86 1.06 0.80 1.00 0.32 0.18 0.79 1.11 1.23 0.96 11.05 2.57 2.27 1.60 1.73 1.66 0.80 0.48 1.27 1.85 2.97 2.60 23.06 1.36 1.75 2.24 3.00 1.73 1.11 0.75 1.44 1.65 1.86 1.68 20.63 O.Sl 0.91 1.02 1.29 1.01 0.65 0.57 0.82 0.98 80 0.54 10.30 1.60 1.08 1.23 1.47 1.11 O.SO 0.44 1.19 1.25 1.77 1,47 16.02 3.0b 3.00 2.03 2.65 1.99 0.82 0.66 1.66 2.06 3.75 3.22 28.09 1.26 1.14 0.72 1.08 0.72 0.35 0.18 0.56 0.87 1.17 1,33 10.89 2.83 2.03 1.19 1.29 0.46 0.27 0.27 1.38 1.40 3,46 2.79 20.57 0.92 1.16 1.05 1.23 0.a2 0.62 0.21 0.67 1.29 1.34 1.12 11.72 1.85 1.44 1.07 1.90 1.64 1.09 0.88 1.79 1.65 3 07 2.40 21.60 0.85 1.75 2.02 2.20 0.99 0.63 0.56 0.88 0.98 55 0,S6 12.93 3.22 2.54 1.74 1.61 1.26 0.62 0.38 0.97 1.72 4.24 3.62 26.09 1.04 0.71 0.81 1.11 U.70 0.28 0.11 0.75 1.00 1.22 0.93 10.21 1.08 1.01 0.97 1.20 0.92 0.64 0.35 0.88 1.25 1 .32 0.98 11.93 2.47 2.81 1.75 2.54 1.51 1.01 0.84 1.38 2.11 S.81 3.47 26.98 0.52 0.56 0.64 1.10 1.61 0.80 0.56 0.83 0.67 0.82 0.66 9.57 2.16 2.22 1.98 2.47 1.79 1.01 1.17 1.80 1.78 4.29 3.32 27.41 3.93 2.61 1.41 1.95 1.27 0.77 0.20 1.00 1,67 4.21 3.75 27.16 1.17 0.55 0.68 0.91 0.51 0.24 0.11 0.70 0.95 1.45 1.01 9.85 3.31 2.14 1.55 1.42 0.95 1.04 0.34 0.99 1.71 2.95 3.38 23.85 0.86 0.62 0.83 1.46 0.84 0.80 0.49 0.94 1.27 1 06 0.82 11.06 0.87 0.73 0.76 2.08 1.40 0.87 0.48 1.27 1..3S 61 0.98 12.42 1.28 1.05 1.14 1.28 0.90 0.60 0.17 0.71 0.88 1,69 1.15 12.13 2.59 2.36 1.60 1.66 1.66 0.64 0.39 1.07 1.62 3.07 2.28 21.93 1.02 0.97 0.85 1.05 0.88 0.39 0.16 0.81 1.00 1.2« 1.10 10.88 3.54 4.10 2.41 2.97 2.27 1.41 1.23 2.30 3.31 6,21 5.17 39.98 1.23 0.72 0.81 0.86 0.73 0.29 0.15 0.60 1.21 1.62 0.89 10.82 IDAHO AGRICULTURAL REVIEW 47 NORMAL TEMPERATURE FOR IDAHO stations Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May June July Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. Ann'l American Falls.... 24. 2 Arco „ 15.5 Ashton 18.6 Blackfoot 22.1 Blackfoot Dam....l6.6 Boise 29.3 Buhl 28.1 Caldwell 29.1 Cambridge 22.1 Challis 19.1 Chesterfield 18.8 Coeur d'Alene ....26.6 Driggs 16.6 Emmett 29.4 Glenns Ferry 28.4 Gooding 24.3 Grace 23.4 Hailey 20.4 Idaho City 24.7 Idaho Falls 19.4 Irwin 20.2 Kellogg 26.2 Kooskia 26.8 Lapwai 31.2 Lewiston 34.5 Mackay 17.1 Meridian 28.7 Moscow 28.4 Mountainhome ..27.6 Murtaugh 26.8 New Meadows 20.1 Nezperce 26.2 Oakley 28.7 Orofino 28.0 Payette 28.1 Pleasant Valley..28.4 Porthill 23.3 Pocatello 25.1 Eiehfield 21.1 Eupert 25.3 St. Maries 28.7 Salmon 17.8 Sandpoint 25.5 Shoshone 24.5 Soldier ..Creek....20.3 Springfield 21.2 Sugar 17.4 Sunnyside 27.6 Twin Falls 26.2 Wallace 25.8 Wendell 26.7 26.9 35.6 45.2 53.4 61.7 69.4 68.2 57.8 46.2 34.9 26.0 46. S 20.2 29.4 42.6 49.5 56.2 64.4 63.6 54.3 44.6 31.1 18.4 40.8 21.9 29.0 40.1 48.6 67.0 64.3 63.4 64.6 43.4 32.4 19.9 41.1 26.1 36.4 45.2 52.8 61.6 68.0 66.2 56.9 45.2 34.0 23.4 44.7 16.6 25.2 36.4 46.8 55.9 62.0 59.9 61.2 40.8 30.6 16.6 38.2 33.8 42.2 50.1 67.6 66.0 72.8 71.8 61.9 50.3 39.6 32.2 60.6 33.2 40.3 48.8 55.1 64.0 73.2 70.7 60.0 49.0 39.6 28.9 49.2 35.2 43.9 51.0 66.6 64.6 72.8 69.6 62.0 48.6 39.8 31.8 50.4 27.4 37.7 49.2 55.7 63.9 72.3 71.0 60.3 48.8 37.5 26.3 47.6 26.5 34.6 44.2 60.7 59.6 66.6 64.1 55.7 43.1 31.3 18.8 42.7 20.8 28.7 41.0 48.6 56.0 62.0 60.2 61.4 41.3 31.0 20.2 40.0 29.9 38.3 47.0 64.8 60.9 67.5 67.2 57.4 47.4 36.7 31.2 47.1 17.1 26.2 37.4 45.2 63.7 60.4 69.0 50.5 41.0 28.6 16.4 37.7 35.7 44.0 51.4 67.4 66.8 74.1 72.1 63.1 61.3 40.2 30.7 51.3 34.9 44.3 51.5 58.2 69.0 77.8 74.5 62.8 49.0 38.3 28.6 51.4 28.7 40.0 47.9 64.0 63.0 71.0 68.6 69.3 47.8 37.0 26.3 47.3 26.3 34.1 43.8 61.6 60.6 68.6 66.3 57.6 46.7 33.5 24.1 44.6 23.6 30.6 42.6 51.7 69.0 67.2 66.8 66.3 46.6 34.3 21.4 43.4 28.5 34.2 43.3 52.9 59.2 68.0 66.8 66.6 48.1 36.3 26.2 45.2 22.6 33.4 44.3 52.1 59.9 67.9 66.6 56.8 45.1 32.8 22.3 43.6 21.7 31.3 41.0 49.5 66.8 64.3 62.3 63.3 43.0 32.3 19.8 41.3 30.7 38.0 45.3 51.5 58.6 65.7 63.4 66.0 46.1 36.2 28.3 46.5 33.5 42.4 60.1 55.8 63.7 71.3 69.6 69.8 49.2 39.2 30.1 49.3 35.6 43.7 51.9 59.6 67.1 74.3 71.4 62.1 50.4 41.6 32.2 51.8 36.2 44.0 52.9 60.8 69.1 73.6 73.5 63.6 51.8 40.9 37.6 63.2 20.1 30.0 41.9 49.6 57.9 66.6 64.5 55.3 43.3 31.2 19.4 41.4 33.8 42.0 49.4 55.8 64.3 71.8 70.3 60.6 49.1 38.8 28.5 49.4 31.4 37.6 46.6 52.1 68.6 66.4 65.6 67.5 48.1 37.5 30.7 46.6 33.3 40.8 48.6 54.9 62.9 71.3 68.7 60.1 49.0 38.0 28.3 48.6 30.2 38.1 45.5 61.8 61.0 68.7 66.3 67.6 47.0 36.9 26.1 46.2 26.5 32.7 42.5 48.7 55.2 62.7 61.4 63.0 43.6 33.0 20.8 41.6 28.9 37.0 44.3 60.0 57.4 63.6 63.4 56.6 46.7 36.2 27.8 44.7 31.3 38.6 46.3 63.3 62.3 70.4 69.4 69.4 48.9 38.5 28.7 48.0 34.6 42.5 60.6 66.4 63.9 71.1 69.4 61.3 49.8 38.8 31.1 49.8 33.6 42.4 51.3 58.5 65.7 73.7 72.0 61.5 50.7 39.7 30.1 60.6 33.3 41.6 48.2 64.6 63.6 72.0 70.2 61.1 49.2 39.2 28.9 49.2 27.0 35.0 45.5 53.4 69.0 65.7 63.7 63.8 44.9 33.8 27.5 44.4 28.1 36.9 46.8 56.5 64.2 71.2 70.5 60.7 48.0 36.3 28.4 47.6 24.6 34.6 45.1 62.3 61.0 69.6 67.7 58.0 46.6 35.0 24.6 46.0 30.8 39.0 47.0 63.8 62.7 70.7 67.7 58.4 47.9 37.2 26.3 47.2 32.4 39.2 46.8 63.4 60.3 66.0 64.5 57.0 48.4 37.9 31.1 47.1 24.1 35.0 45.7 52.3 59.8 67.1 64.4 56.0 44.4 32.5 19.6 43.2 29.0 36.6 45.6 61.5 68.4 64.7 63.2 54.6 45.0 35.4 28.3 44.8 27.6 37.6 46.7 63.3 62.3 70.8 69.1 59.3 46.9 36.8 25.9 46.7 22.9 29.3 38.4 46.7 55.0 62.6 62.4 63.7 42.0 31.6 21.7 40.6 28.0 36.7 44.8 52.5 61.4 69.3 67.1 67.2 46.4 34.9 22.9 45.2 20.4 30.9 42.2 60.1 58.8 66.1 62.2 53.8 42.2 32.0 18.8 41.2 31.5 40.9 50.0 56.6 63.9 72.8 71.2 61.4 47.8 38.7 28.8 49.3 32.1 39.7 47.8 54.2 62.0 70.5 68.2 59.3 47.8 37.4 28.2 47.8 29.7 36.8 44.5 50.4 57.5 64.9 63.4 55.6 45.1 34.9 28.2 44.7 30.9 40.7 48.5 56.9 66.1 73.0 71.2 61.2 49.4 38.9 28.3 49.2 48 IDAHO CROP REPORTING SERVICE INDEX Page Agricultural Development of Ten Years 6 Thirty Years Ago and Today 7 Rank of Crops in Value and Acreage 7 Hay 8—10 Wheat 11—14 Oats 15—17 When Crops are Harvested 18 Barley 18—20 Com 21 Rye , 22 Sugar Beets 23 Potatoes 24 — 25 Seed Crops 26 — 27 Fruit 28 — 29 Live Stock 30 — 84 Value of Crops by Counties 35 Value and Production of Crops 36 Land Values 37 — 38 Farm Wages 39 Climatic Summary 40 — 47