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..CORNELL UNIVERSITY LIBRARY 
 
 3 1924 087 999 441 
 
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 tine Cornell University Library. 
 
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VOL. II. 
 
ELIZABETH MONTAGU 
 THE QUEEN OF THE BLUE-STOCKINGS 
 
 HER CORRESPONDENCE FROM 
 1720 TO 1761 
 
llr^Ucnl-ann 
 
 &■ rnji.'y'iX'al hrj- ^ /t ^ 
 
ELIZABETH MONTAGU 
 
 THE QUEEN OF THE 
 BLUE-STOCKINGS 
 
 HER CORRESPONDENCE FROM 
 1720 TO I 761 
 
 BY HER GREAT-GREAT-NIECE 
 EMILY J. CLIMENSON 
 
 AUTHORESS OF "HISTORY OF SHIPLAKE," "HISTORICAL GUIDE TO HENLEY-ON-THAMES," 
 " PASSAGES FROM THE DIARIES OF MRS. r. LYBBE POWYS," ETC., ETC, 
 
 WITH ILLUSTRATIONS 
 IN TWO VOLUMES— VOL. II 
 
 LONDON 
 JOHN MURRAY, ALBEMARLE STREET 
 
 1906 
 
PRINTED BV 
 
 WILLIAM CLOWES AND SONS, LIMITEZ> 
 
 LONDON AND BECCLES 
 
CONTENTS TO VOL. II 
 
 PAGE 
 
 List of Illustrations . . ix 
 
 CHAPTER I. 
 
 Rev. William Robinson — Botham and Bishop Sherlock — Death of 
 Dr. Chesilden — The Scott separation — South Lodge, Enfield — 
 " Chinese pomp " — A letter to Edward Montagu — Mount Morris 
 — ^Archibald Bower — " Madonna " — Inoculation — Books to read 
 — History of the Popes— G. L. Scott — The Delany lawsuit — 
 TiKkey Pye — The joyous Berenger — Death of Bishop Berkeley 
 — A woman in vapours — Mrs. Laurence Sterne — Lady Bute's 
 Assembly — A perfect woman — Pitt's insomnia — Rent of lodg- 
 ings — The Penshurst pictures — Trinity CoUege, Cambridge, 
 Library — Gibside — Stonelands — " Minouets " — Beau Nash — 
 Pitt at Hayes — The new post-chaise — Bullstrode menagerie — 
 Richardson's Sir Charles Grandison — Lucian's Triumph of the 
 6^<?«/'— Schoolgirls' bills— Death of Pelham— "Tom" Lyttelton 
 — West appointed to Chelsea Hospital — Elizabeth Canning — 
 Molifere's Predeuses Ridicules — Hateley the artist — Lillingston 
 Dayrell — History of Bath — Pitt's engagement and marriage — 
 Bishop Warburton and Bolingbroke — Pitt's honeymoon — 
 "Gossip "Joan — Nathaniel Hooke 1-66 
 
 CHAPTER n. 
 
 Lord Montfort's suicide — Mrs. Pococke — Lord Baltimore's house — 
 Mr. Bower's cottage — Torriano's marriage — Hatchlands — 
 Sheep Leas — Painshill— Reading — Sarah Scott's daily life — The 
 calm, meek Miss Pococke — The Garrett Wellesleys — Fears of 
 French invasion — Garrick at Drury Lane — Earthquake at 
 Lisbon — Death of West — ^Wortley Montagu's pious pamphlet — 
 Captain Robert Robinson's death — Byng — David Hume — 
 Morris Robinson's marriage — The eccentric Matthew Robinson 
 — Pitt buys Hayes house — ^Viscount Pitt's birth — Lyttelton a 
 peer — The famous bas bleu assemblies — Emin — ^Windsor 
 
VI CONTENTS TO VOL. II. 
 
 FACE 
 
 election riot— Stillingfleet— Culham Court— George Stevens- 
 Battle of Hastenbeck— The Severn and Wye— Elizabeth Wil- 
 mot— Battle of KoUin— A description of Emin— " Is got pure 
 well " — The Mordaunt Expedition — Dr. Monsey — Admiral and 
 Mrs. Boscawen— Battle of Rosbach 67-122 
 
 CHAPTER III. 
 
 The Delany trial — Death of Dr. Clayton — Emin applies to Pitt 
 — The attack on St. Malo — Death and will of John Rogers — 
 The Garricks— Letters to Mrs. Elizabeth Carter {passim) — 
 Lyttelton and Monsey — The Louisburg blockade — Correspon- 
 dence with Lyttelton {passim)— MoWy West's marriage — New- 
 castle — Denton Hall — Lumley Castle — Hampton Court, Here- 
 fordshire — Battle of Zorndorff — Emin on Frederick the Great — 
 Theeau de luce disaster — Mrs. Garrick — Current price of food — 
 Athenian Stuart — Viper broth — "Brusher" Mills the snake- 
 catcher — Illness of George II. — Young Mr. Pitt — The Session 
 opened — Monsey's doggerel — Admiral Boscawen thanked by 
 Parliament — Lady Emily Butler — Helvetius' De PEsprit — 
 Attempted assassination of King'of Portugal — Lyttelton's/fw/o/^' 
 of Henry II. — Burke's Sublime and Beautiful — Dr. Johnson — 
 Emin off to Armenia — Calves Pluck water — Harleyford — 
 Inverary Castle — Alnwick — York — Glamis Castle — Scotch cha- 
 I'acteristics — Burke's appeal for Madrid Consulship — Quebec 
 taken — Bonus, the picture-cleaner — The Laurence Sternes 123-177 
 
 CHAPTER IV. 
 
 Correspondence with Lyttelton {passim) — Lord Bath — The Lisbon 
 Emha.ssy— Dialogues of the Bead—Lori Chesterfield — Earl 
 Ferrers executed— William Robinson's marriage — Tunbridge 
 Wells— The Stanley family— Ned, the groom— Lord Bath's cha- 
 racter—Lord Mansfield— "Montagu's main" — Sophocles— 
 Hagley House rebuilt— Dr. Monsey's ways— Allan Ramsay, 
 portrait painter— Letter to Duchess of Portland — Macpher- 
 
 son's Highland Poems — Bishop Sherlock's letter — Dr. Young— 
 
 George Bowes' funeral— Miss Bowes— Greek Plays and Shake- 
 speare — Green tea and snuff— Death of George II. — George III. 
 king— George II.'s will— Floods at Newark— A great lady's 
 avarice— The King's first speech— Attendance at Court— A 
 fashionable dentist — A languid campaign — Bishop Sherlock's 
 letter to the King— Billets rfo«*-— Chesterfield's ton mot—kn 
 impetuous lover of fourscore— Monsey's fresh doggerel— George 
 Colman the elder 178-227 
 
CONTENTS TO VOL. II. vii 
 
 CHAPTER V. 
 
 Admiral Boscawen's illness and death — Wortley Montagu's death — 
 " Montagu Minerva " — Voltaire's Tattered — Macpherson's 
 Fingal — Lord Bath's gift to Mrs. Carter — Dr. Young's letters — 
 Another Dialogue of the Dead — An anonymous letter — the 
 British Museum — A country gentlewoman — Gesner's Mort 
 d'Abel — Lord Bath's character — The future queen — Mrs. 
 Montagu's advice to Tom Lyttelton — Monsey's bloom-coloured 
 coat — Dr. Young's Resignation — Lord Bath's portrait — The 
 Coronation — Lady Pomfret — Lord Bath at Sandleford — Posi- 
 tion of Ministers — ^An act of humility— Widows' weeds — The 
 Bas-Bleus and shells — Laurence Sterne 238-273 
 
 APPENDICES, 
 
 " Long " Sir Thomas Robinson 275 
 
 Sandleford Priory, Berks 278 
 
 Denton Hall, near Newcastle-on-Tyne, Northumberland 281 
 
 Index 283 
 
LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS. 
 
 VOL. II. 
 
 Mrs. Montagu ... ... ... ... ... Frontispiece 
 
 From the engraved portrait by C. TowNLEY, after Frances Reynolds, 
 in t&e possession of Mr. A. M. Broadley. (Photogravure.'] 
 
 TO FACE PAGE 
 
 Tea and Coffee in the Bath-room ... ... ... 38 
 
 From the drawing by John Nixon, in the possession of Mr. A. M. Broadley. 
 
 The Circus, at Bath ... ... ... ... ... 4° 
 
 From a drawing by Thomas M Alton, in the possession of Mr. A. M. 
 
 Broadley. 
 
 The King's Bath, at Bath ... ... ... ... 60 
 
 From a drawing by Thomas RowlANDSON, in the possession of Mr. 
 A. M. Broadley. 
 
 Philip, Fourth Earl of Chesterfield ... ... ... 64 
 
 From the picture by William Hoare, R.A., in the National Portrait 
 Gallery. (Photogravure.'] 
 
 David and Mrs. Garrick ... — ••■ — 82 
 
 From the picture by William Hogarth, in the possession of His Majesty 
 The King. (Photogravure. ) 
 
 George, Lord Lyttelton ... ... ■•■ — 96 
 
 From a picture by (unknown), in the National Portrait Gallery. 
 
 Mrs. Mary Delany ... — — - ••• '°^ 
 
 From the picture JSyJOHN Opie, R.A., in the National Portrait Gallery. 
 
 Allerthorpe Hall, Yorkshire 120 
 
X LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS. 
 
 TO FACE PAGE 
 
 CONYERS MiDDLETON ... ... ... ... ■■• 12° 
 
 From the mezzotint iy Fabee, after the picture by Eccardt, 1746. 
 {Photogravure. ) 
 
 Benjamin Stillingfleet ... ... ... ... ... 128 
 
 From an engraving by V. Green, after Zoffany. 
 
 Mrs. Elizabeth Carter ... ... ... •■• ... 160 
 
 From the picture by SiK Thomas Lawrence, P.R.A. 
 
 Dr. Samuel Johnson ... ... ... ... ... 164 
 
 From the picture fainted for Topham Beauclerk by Sir Joshua REYNOLDS, 
 P.R.A., in the possession of Mr. A. H. Hallam Murray. 
 
 Edmund Burke ... ... ... ... ... ... 170 
 
 From the picture by Sir Joshua Reynolds, P.R.A., in the National 
 Portrait Gallery. 
 
 Dr. Edward Young ... ... ... ... ... 256 
 
 From the picture by (unknown^, in the National Portrait Gallery. 
 
 William Pulteney, First Earl of Bath ... ... ... 258 
 
 From a picture by Sir JOSHUA Reynolds, P.R.A., 1761, in the National 
 Portrait Gallery. (Photogravure. ) 
 
 Laurence Sterne ... ... ... ... ... 272 
 
 After the picture by Sir Joshua Reynolds, P.R.A., in the possession of 
 The Marquess of Lansdowne. (Photogravure. ) 
 
ELIZABETH MONTAGU 
 
 THE QUEEN OF THE BLUE-STOCKINGS 
 CHAPTER I. 
 
 1752-1754 — CHIEFLY AT TUNBRIDGE WELLS, SANDLEFORD, 
 AND HAYES — BEGINNING OF FRIENDSHIP WITH PITT — 
 CORRESPONDENCE WITH GILBERT WEST. 
 
 * January i, 1752, an interchange of letters and com- 
 pliments from the Wests and Mrs. Montagu take place. 
 Mrs. West sends a huge turkey and ham pie, half for 
 Mrs. Montagu, half for Temple West, Gilbert's brother. 
 Mr. Pitt, Lady Cobham, and Berenger were expected. 
 In a letter to her sister, Sarah Scott, Mrs. Montagu 
 mentions — 
 
 " My Father is going to purchase a fine living for 
 Willy, indeed he will not enjoy it till after the death of 
 the present incumbent, but it brings in £4.70 a year, a 
 fine reversion for a younger brother, and what, joined 
 to another moderate living, will be a comfortable sub- 
 sistence." 
 
 This was the living of Burghfield in Berkshire, 
 
 * In 1752 the New Style began. I adhere to the dates as placed on 
 the letters, as I have all through this book. 
 
 VOL n. B 
 
2 « PEREGRINE PICKLE." [Ch. I. 
 
 purchased from the Shrewsbury family, for two lives, of 
 which in after years William Robinson became rector, 
 his son Matthew succeeding him. Further in this letter 
 it says — 
 
 " I recommend to your perusal ' The Adventures of 
 Peregrine Pickle.'* Lady Vane's f story is well told. Mr. 
 W. Robinson and the Doctor called on me this morning. 
 The Doctor talks of Bath for his health, but he is the 
 best-looking invalid I ever saw. An Irish Bishopric 
 will cure him entirely. Mrs. Delany is not in England. 
 Poor Mrs. Donnellan has lost her brother. Dr. Don- 
 nellan,$ and is in great affliction." 
 
 Mr. W. Robinson, afterwards Sir William Robinson, 
 and Dr. Robinson, were her cousins, brothers of " Long " 
 Sir Thomas Robinson and Sir Septimus, and sons of 
 William Robinson of Rokeby. Dr. Richard Robinson § 
 was chaplain to the Duke of Dorset, then Lord Lieu- 
 tenant of Ireland, and had just been made Bishop of 
 Killala. They were immense men, with fine features 
 and rosy cheeks. Mr. Richard Cumberland |1 calls Dr. 
 Richard Robinson " a colossal man." So attached was 
 Sir William to his brother Richard that Cumberland 
 says he imitated the Archbishop in everything, even to 
 the size of his shoes, diet, and physic! 
 
 On February lo, Mr. West applied to the Bishop of 
 London IF for further preferment for Mr. Botham, and 
 writes to Mrs. Montagu — 
 
 * Published in 1751, by T. Smollett. 
 
 t Me Anne Hawes, of Purley Hall, Berks. Married, first, Lord 
 William Hamilton ; secondly, Lord Vane. 
 
 X The Rev. Christopher Donnellan, a friend of Swift's. 
 
 § The Rev. Dr. Richard Robinson, born 1709, died 1794 ; afterwards 
 Archbishop of Armagh, and ist Baron Rokeby. 
 
 II Richard Cumberland, dramatist, born 1732, died 1811. 
 
 IT Rev. Thomas Sherlock, born 1678, died 1761. 
 
1752.] BISHOP OF LONDON'S LETTER. 3 
 
 "Wickham, February lo, 1752. 
 
 "Dear Cousin, 
 
 " Inclosed is ray letter to the Bishop of London, 
 which I send open for your perusal ; if you approve of 
 it, be pleased to seal it and convey it to his Lordship in 
 what manner you think proper. I most sincerely wish 
 it may have any good effect for my cousin Botham's 
 sake, but we must not flatter ourselves too much. Great 
 men often think their smiles sufficient Favors, and you 
 know there is a Beauty in that of my Lord of London 
 that must enhance its value. . . . 
 " Dear cousin, 
 
 " Your most aff"ectionate and 
 obliged humble serv', 
 
 "G. W." 
 
 The letter was sent to the Bishop. Here is his reply 
 to Mr. West— 
 
 " London, ye i8th February, 1752. 
 
 "Sir, 
 
 " I had the honour of yours of the 10 inst, and 
 tho' I am disabled from writing myself with the Gout in 
 my Hands, yet I will not omit to assure you that there 
 are very few whom I should be better pleased to oblige 
 than yourself, and the Lady at whose instance you write. 
 " I feel very sensibly the distress of Mr. Botham and 
 his wife, and judge as you do that it is a case that calls 
 for, and deserves assistance. But in considering where 
 my Patronages lye, I cannot find that I have any living 
 within distance of Albury, unless it be in the City of 
 London, where probably Mr. Botham would not choose 
 to live. When I have the Happiness to see you, you 
 shall be more fully acquainted how far I am able to 
 assist you. 
 
 " I am. Sir, 
 
 " Your very obedient, humble Serv', 
 
 (Signed by himself) " Tho. London. 
 
 " Mrs. Sherlock desires to join me in respects to you 
 and Mrs. West." 
 
4 DR. WILLIAM CHESILDEN. [Ch. I. 
 
 In March, Mr. Pitt obtained for Mr. Gilbert West the 
 clerkship of the Privy Council, a lucrative office. 
 
 On March 25, from Hayes to Wickham, Mrs. Mon- 
 tagu writes — 
 
 " Dear Cousin, 
 
 "I thank you most heartily for immediately 
 giving me the sincerest joy I have felt for this long 
 time. May you long enjoy what you have so late 
 attained. . . . You cannot imagine the pleasure I pro- 
 pose in hearing your friends congratulate you on 
 Fortune's first courtesy. Base Jade! to be so tedious 
 and so sparing in her favours." 
 
 With many congratulations to Mrs. West, etc., to 
 which Lydia Botham, then at Hayes, added a few lines, 
 Mrs. Montagu announces she will convey him and Mrs. 
 West to London the next morning in her post-chaise, 
 and they shall stay in Hill Street, where Mr. Montagu 
 was attending to his parliamentary business; and, she 
 adds, to fix an hour " so as to be with the President of 
 the Council at 12 o'clock." 
 
 From London, on April 17, Mr. Montagu writes an 
 account of the celebrated surgeon. Dr. William Chesil- 
 den's death — 
 
 "The papers, I suppose, have informed you of the 
 death of poor Chesilden. I had an account of the 
 manner of his death from one Mr. Vourse, an eminent 
 man in his own profession. He told me the poor man 
 was with Jerry Pierce and others, telling them how 
 soon after his being seized with the Palsy he had been 
 making a bargain with an undertaker to bury him, with 
 this he was entertaining them with his usual humour, 
 and in the midst of his story was seiz'd with an apoplectic 
 fit which finish'd him in half an hour. ... I forgot to 
 add that Mr. Chesilden had eat a great deal of Bread 
 
1752.] THE SCOTT SEPARATION. 5 
 
 and drank a good quantity of ale ; being asthmatic, this 
 was reckoned to be the cause of his death." 
 
 It will be remembered that Mrs. Montagu was 
 always opposed to her sister Sarah's marriage to 
 George Lewis Scott. Unfortunately, her fears as to 
 their felicity were prophetic, for in April, 1752, after 
 only a year's matrimony, they separated ; incompatibility 
 of temper was alleged, but from the letters there was 
 evidently much more below the surface. Mrs. Delany, 
 writing in April to her sister, Mrs. D'Ewes, says— 
 
 " What a foolish match Mrs. Scott has made for her- 
 self. Mrs. Montagu wrote Mrs. Donnellan word that 
 she and the rest of her friends had rescued her out of 
 the hands of a very bad man : but for reasons of interest, 
 they should conceal his misbehaviour as much as pos- 
 sible, but entreated Mrs. Donnellan would vindicate her 
 sister's character whenever she heard it attacked, for 
 she was very innocent." 
 
 Sarah was only twenty-nine. Her father and brothers 
 separated her from Mr. Scott, as is shown in his own 
 letters to Mr. Montagu, who had been his original 
 friend. He acknowledged "that Mrs. Montagu knew 
 nothing of the separation till it was communicated to 
 her ; " in truth she was at Hayes at the time. Her letters 
 indicate the enmity and rancour of a great lady whose 
 name was kept behind the scenes. Mr. Scott wrote two 
 letters to Mr. Montagu, dated April 29 and May i, but 
 both are so involved and mysterious as to shed no real 
 light on his misdemeanours. 
 
 Meanwhile, Mrs. Montagu received Mrs. Scott at 
 Hayes, and in a letter to her husband, whom she was 
 preparing to join in London, says Morris was urging 
 Mrs. Scott to go to Albury. She says — 
 
6 A SEDAN CHAIR. [Ch. I. 
 
 " I could leave her at Hayes when I go to town, but 
 her spirits are so bad and she is so ill she cannot be 
 alone. . . . Indeed, poor creature, her situation is miser- 
 able, allied to the faults and the infamy of a bad man, 
 subject to his aspersions, and liable to the censures of 
 his friends (for the worst have some), as in all disagree- 
 ments in wedlock, blame falls ever on the innocent 
 where there is no harmony. ' How happy to behold in 
 wedded pair ! ' each has the credit of the other's virtues ; 
 they have double honour, united interests and all that 
 can make people strong in society. This, my Dearest, 
 is my happier lot, inriched by your fortune, ennobled by 
 your virtues, graced by your character, and supported 
 by your interest." 
 
 Mrs. Montagu accompanied Mrs. Scott to Albury. 
 She writes — 
 
 "We had a very pleasant journey here, and our 
 horses performed well. We found Lydia and Johnny in 
 health and happiness, surrounded by five of the finest 
 children I ever saw ; the youngest boy is a little cheru- 
 bim and has the finest white hair imaginable." 
 
 Mrs. Donnellan, in May, writes from Delville, where 
 she still was, to Mrs. Montagu, to say that Lord Holder- 
 ness was to give up her house in Hanover Square about 
 August, and as it was too large for her fortune, and 
 the lease was near its end,* she wishes Mrs. Montagu to 
 look out for a house for her " not farther than Windsor 
 from London. Soon after our return, the Dean and 
 Mrs. Delany go to Down, and I fear his affairs will not 
 permit him to go to England this year." She adds— 
 
 " I have writ to Mrs. Shuttleworth to bespeak me 
 a chair of Vaughan.f I would have it plain and light, 
 lined with white cloath and green curtains, as white and 
 
 * Mr. Macartney took it on. t Means a sedan chair. 
 
1752.] THE SCOTTS. 7 
 
 green is my livery. If you should go to town, I should 
 be obliged to you if you would send to Vaughan about 
 it. . . . 
 
 " I now come to the interesting part of your letter, 
 the unhappy affair of poor Mrs. Scott. I had heard 
 before I received yours that she and Mr. Scott were 
 parted, but could hardly believe it, a match so much of 
 mutual inclination seemed to promise mutual happiness, 
 and the shortness of the time of their union hardly 
 allowed them to find out they were not happy, so that 
 you are unwilling to hurt the gentleman in his character. 
 I must conclude he is very bad, since in so short a time he 
 could force Mrs. Scott and all her family to come to such an 
 eclat. I am extremely concerned for all the uneasiness 
 you have had on the occasion, but you have had the 
 consolation of showing yourself a most generous and 
 kind sister in supporting her in her misfortunes, and 
 especially as it was a match made against your better 
 judgment. I beg my compliments to Mrs. Scott, and 
 I heartily wish her health and spirits to support her 
 situation ; 'tis said here she is returning to Bath to live 
 with Lady Montagu. On these occasions people love to 
 seem to know more than perhaps they do ; all I say is 
 that you entirely justify Mrs. Scott, and I am sure you 
 must know the truth. I hear, too, he has given her back 
 half her fortune, and has settled a 150 pounds a year on 
 her ; this, I think, is a justification to her." 
 
 Mrs. Montagu had indeed a great deal of trouble at 
 this time, for besides sheltering and endeavouring to 
 cheer Mrs. Scott's failing spirits, she had, to say nothing 
 of her own constant ill-health, the additional trouble of 
 her favourite brother Jack's illness, now continuing 
 some months, of a nervous disorder, which he .never 
 recovered from. 
 
 On May 26, from Sandleford, Mrs. Montagu writes to 
 Mr. West, who is at her house in Hill Street, attending 
 as clerk to the Privy Council — 
 
8 SOUTH LODGE. [Ch. I. 
 
 " Dear Cousin, 
 
 " I was informed by Mrs. Isted * that you in- 
 tended to return to town in the middle of this week, so 
 I imagine that by this time you are in the Empire of 
 Chinat The leafless trees and barren soil of my land- 
 scape will very ill bear comparison with the shady oaks 
 and beautiful verdure of South Lodge, and the grinning 
 Mandarins still worse supply the place of a British 
 Statesman : but as you can improve every society and 
 place into which you enter, I expect such hints from you 
 as will set off the figures, and enliven the landscape with 
 rural beauty. I grieved at the rain from an apprehension 
 that it might interfere with your pleasure at South 
 Lodge. I hope it did not, but that you saw the place 
 with the leisure and attention it deserves ; if you give 
 me an account of the parts of it which charmed you 
 most, or of the whole, you will lead my imagination to 
 a very fine place in very good company, and I shall 
 walk over it with great pleasure. I imagine you would 
 feel some poetic enthusiasm in the Temple of Pan, and 
 hope it produced a hymn or ode in which we shall see 
 him knit with the Graces and the Hours to dance, lead 
 on to the Eternal Spring, through groves of your un- 
 fading bays." 
 
 South Lodge, Enfield, was then the residence of Mr. 
 Pitt, the grounds of which he laid out with great taste, 
 and designed the Temple of Pan. Mrs. Montagu had 
 recently been on a visit to him here, as will be seen in 
 West's answer. At the end of a long letter, which con- 
 tains directions as to the ornaments of her room, com- 
 ments on her bad health, in which she quotes Pope's 
 saying, "ill-health is an early old age," she winds up 
 with regretting that Sir George Lyttelton and Miss 
 West were going to Tunbridge so soon, for "I fear 
 
 * Mrs. Isted, Mrs. Montagu's lady housekeeper, 
 t She was fitting up her big room in Chinese style, and West was 
 assisting her with hints. 
 
1752.] THE REV. WILLIAM ROBINSON. 9 
 
 they will leave the place the earlier, as they go at the 
 beginning of the season." She finishes by commending 
 her brother William, who was to spend a day or two in 
 Hill Street, to West, saying — 
 
 " I wrote my advice to him to take this opportunity 
 to pay his respects to you, but possibly a little College 
 awkwardness, added to natural timidity, may prevent his 
 doing it. I assure you he is a very good young man, 
 more I will not say, for having for some years had a 
 mother's care of him, I have also a mother's partiality : 
 perhaps you may like him the better for his resemblance 
 to your son." 
 
 From Albury she had brought Lydia's second 
 daughter, Bessie — 
 
 "Not so handsome as her sister whom you have 
 seen, but she is fair and well shaped, very sensible and 
 of a sweet disposition, and though but ten years of age, 
 reads and writes well, and has made a great progress in 
 arithmetic." 
 
 To this letter Gilbert West answers on May 30 — 
 
 " Mr. Pitt, as you will easily imagine from your own 
 experience, received and entertained us with great polite- 
 ness, and something still more pleasing and solid, with 
 every mark of friendship and esteem. He had provided 
 for me a wheeling chair, by the help of which I was 
 enabled to visit every sequestered nook, dingle and 
 bosky bower from side to side in that little paradise 
 opened in the wild, and by the help of my imagination 
 doubled the pleasure I received from the various Beauties 
 of Art and Nature, by recalling and participating the 
 past pleasure of a certain person,* some of whose re- 
 marks and sayings Mr. Pitt repeated with a secret pride, 
 
 * Mrs. Montagu, who had been on a visit to Mr. Pitt. 
 
10 CAPTAIN ROBERT ROBINSON. [Ch. I. 
 
 and I heard with equal admiration and delight. The 
 weather indeed was not so favourable to us as we could 
 have wished. . . . Molly * indeed, who has an insatiable 
 ardour in viewing a fine place, and an almost implicit 
 faith in Mr. Pitt's taste and judgment, stole out often by 
 herself, and in defiance of wind or rain walked many 
 times over the enchanting round. . . . Kitty t has seemed 
 to be inspired with an unusual flow of spirits, which not 
 only emboldened her to undertake, but enabled her also 
 to complete the tour, which I was forced to make in my 
 chair, attended by her, Molly, and Mr. Pitt." 
 
 In the reply occurs the following passage : — 
 
 "I am very glad you and Mrs. West went over 
 every part of South Lodge, as you see with more 
 judgment you must see with more pleasure than I did, 
 and I think there can hardly be a finer entertainment 
 not only to the eyes but to the mind, than so sweet and 
 peaceful a scene. I was surprised to hear Mr. Pitt say 
 he had never spent an entire week there, this shows one 
 that a person who has an active mind and is qualified 
 for the busy scene of life, need not fear any excess in 
 the love of retirement." 
 
 Captain Robinson returned from his Chinese expedi- 
 tion in the Saint George the middle of June, and Mrs. 
 Montagu and Mrs. Scott met him from Sandleford at 
 her villa at Hayes. " He has brought me two beautiful 
 gowns and a fine Chinese lanthorn. We are to go on 
 board the St. George to-morrow," she writes to her hus- 
 band. He also brought a gown apiece for Lady Sand- 
 wich and her sister. Miss Fane. The greater part of 
 the Robinson family went to dine on the Saint George, 
 but on a stormy day, and Mrs. Montagu was very terri- 
 fied at the tossing of the small boat they went in. Soon 
 
 * Miss West, his sister. t Mrs. West. 
 
I7S2..] "CHINESE POMP." II 
 
 after this, in the beginning of July, Mrs. Montagu left 
 for her annual visit to Tunbridge Wells, where she had 
 taken the "White Stone House" on Mount Ephraim. 
 Sarah Scott returned to Sandleford to Mr. Montagu, 
 en route for Bath, where she was about to take up 
 residence with her friend. Lady Bab Montagu. At 
 Tunbridge were Sir George and Lady Lyttelton, Mr. 
 West, Miss Charlotte Fane, Mr. Garrick, Mr. Bower, 
 the Dean of Exeter, General Pulteney,* etc. At a big 
 ball Mrs. Montagu says— 
 
 " I shone forth in full Chinese pomp at the ball, my 
 gown was much liked, the pattern of the embroidery 
 admired extremely. . . . Garrick had an incomparable 
 letter from Beranger which he read with proper humour 
 one day he dined here. ... I go every day to Mr. 
 King's lectures." 
 
 On July 22 Mrs. Montagu writes to her husband — 
 
 " Sir George and Lady Lyttelton t went away this 
 morning, as to the lady, she is so unsociable and retired, 
 her departure makes no difference in the Society, in all 
 her manners she signified a dislike and contempt of the 
 company, and in this, the world is always just, and pays 
 in kind to the full measure, and even with more than 
 legal interest at 4 per cent ! " 
 
 Mr. West from Tunbridge visited his cousins, the 
 Bothams, at Albury, and found Lydia in a terrible state 
 of health, and worried with the preparation of her five 
 children to be inoculated. He persuaded her to go to 
 Tunbridge to consult Dr. Shaw, and writes from Stoke 
 to Mrs. Montagu to suggest that Mrs. Botham should 
 stay with her at Sandleford whilst the children are 
 
 * Brother of Lord Bath. t The second Lady Lyttelton, nde Rich. 
 
12 "A COLD LOAF." [Ch. I, 
 
 inoculated, and left in their father's care. He mentions 
 Mr. Hooke being in a cottage near Stoke, very busy 
 writing. Lydia Botham, despite of all entreaties, returned 
 to Albury to remain with her children. Mrs. Montagu 
 contemplated a visit to Horton,^j!//as Mount Morris, with 
 her husband, to stay with her brother Matthew, but 
 violent rheumatism attacked her in the shoulders. She 
 was reluctantly obliged to let Mr. Montagu visit " the 
 brethren," as they termed them, alone. Meanwhile, 
 West, not being satisfied with the tutor with whom his 
 son was residing, hastened to Hill Street to remove him 
 to Oxford. Mrs. Medows * writes from Chute on 
 October 3 to say she had taken her nieces, the Miss 
 Pulses, to see Sandleford, where they ate " a cold loaf," t 
 and " I was not a little exalted as a planter when I saw 
 chestnuts I had set nuts, five and forty feet high." She 
 mentions that Mrs. Isted gave them a great many good 
 things, " and showed several pretty pieces of her paint- 
 ing, and one of your curtains finished and a handkerchief 
 the little girl you are so good as to take care of is 
 making for you, that will look very like point." 
 
 Mr. Montagu set out on October 2 to Horton, 
 and arrived at Canterbury, where he ascended the 
 Cathedral tower for the view, his first sight of that 
 place. His first letter crossed one of his wife's, in 
 which she laments her inability to accompany him, and 
 says — 
 
 " I suppose you will see the place with great venera- 
 tion, where your consort's virtues, charms and accom- 
 plishments were ripened to their present perfection, 
 besides the pleasure of seeing my brothers, which would 
 have been great. I should have reviewed the place 
 where I spent the careless days of infancy and the 
 more gay ones of early youth with satisfaction. To the 
 * Mr. Montagu's sister. t The usual expression for a picnic then. 
 
I7S2.J A BACHELOR! 13 
 
 Fair, the years from 15 to 20 are very agreeable." She 
 continues, " When do my brethren come to town ? I 
 hear my brother Robinson stays to cultivate the 
 maternal acres. As to the Paternal they will not come 
 yet. I think he will think of the Pfere Eternel when 
 he does not say the Lord's Prayer. I design to go to 
 Mrs. Donnellan to-morrow, she is at North End, where 
 she designs to remain till her house is ready for her 
 reception.". 
 
 These letters are addressed thus : — 
 
 "To 
 
 " Edward Montagu Esqr. & Mem'- of Pari*- 
 at Matthew Robinson Morris Esqr., 
 at Horton, 
 
 <' Near Hythe, 
 
 " Kent." 
 
 Morris Robinson, when not in town on business, lived 
 with his brother, and it was a home to all the brothers 
 as they required one, their gay old father, Mr. Robinson, 
 preferring lodgings in London, where he was the life and 
 soul of the fashionable coffee-houses. 
 
 Mr. Montagu having complained of his horse not 
 liking stony roads, his wife writes — 
 
 "I am sorry your horse does not like hard roads, 
 for the ways about Horton are very stony ; a dull horse 
 is like a dull friend, one is safe but not much delighted 
 in their company." She adds, " I hope the sight of so 
 many merry bachelors does not revive in you the love 
 of a single state. Theirs is the joy of the wicked, not 
 the pure comforts of a holy state like matrimony. . . . 
 Poor Mr. Brockman is the only man truly sensible of 
 the evils of celibacy, and he weeps and will not be com- 
 forted, as all unmarried men should do, were they truly 
 sensible of their misfortune." 
 
14 MOUNT MORRIS. [Ch. I. 
 
 This is playfully malicious, as Mr. Brockman had 
 been one of her earliest admirers. 
 
 Her husband, on October 12, answers a long letter of 
 hers abdut the monuments in Canterbury Cathedral, and 
 says — 
 
 "Since I came here I have passed my time much 
 to my satisfaction, the entire freedom and liberty that 
 reigns here, the love and harmony that dwells amongst 
 the brethren, as it is very uncommon, so is the more 
 agreeable to me, as I cannot but take a part and be 
 affected with pleasure and pain in everything that relates 
 to you. If you had been here you would have much 
 added to our happiness, and I believe this not only to 
 be my sentiments but that of all the rest of the company. 
 I have never before now had an opportunity of suffi- 
 ciently observing this house, which is very large and 
 perfectly regular, though it is not placed just where 
 one could wish it, 'tis easy to see is capable of great 
 improvement by openings and cuttings in a good deal 
 of that fine prospect which is now shut out by the walls 
 and trees ; and by grubbing up the bushes and hedges 
 and making a kind of Paddock on the South side of the 
 house. A bason of water like that at Newbold might 
 also be easily made. . . . Some of these things the 
 worthy owner is not without having some thoughts of 
 doing, as well as cutting some walks and vistas through 
 his wood." 
 
 There is a picture of Mount Morris in Harris' 
 'History of Kent,' 1719, a large square house with a 
 cupola surmounted by a big ball and weathercock. In 
 front of the house and round it are the small walled 
 gardens, formally planted, the fashion of the period. 
 These were eventually pulled down by Matthew Robin- 
 son, the hedges grubbed and all thrown into one large 
 park,* in which his numerous horses and cattle roamed 
 
 * A picture of Mount Morris as altered by Matthew is in the Kent 
 volume of " Beauties of England and Wales. 
 
1752.] ARCHIBALD BOWER. 15 
 
 at large. Mr. Montagu seemed to have enjoyed some 
 fine partridge shooting whilst at Horton. He also fre- 
 quented '"Old Father Ocean' at Hythe, with whose 
 solemn majestic look I am always delighted." 
 
 Visits to the Scotts of Scotts Hall, the Brockmans of 
 Beachborough, etc., are spoken of In a letter of the 
 same date, October 12, to her husband, Mrs. Montagu 
 first mentions Archibald Bower * and his wife. 
 
 To give the whole biography of Archibald Bower 
 would take too much space in this book. An account of 
 him can be found in the " National Biography," vol. vi, 
 p. 48. He was a Scotsman, was sent to Douai, and 
 entered the Jesuit Society in 1706. In 1717 he studied 
 Divinity at Rome; became Reader of Philosophy and 
 Adviser to the College of Arezzo. Horrified at the 
 " hellish proceedings " of the Court of Inquisition, where 
 he witnessed the torture of two innocent gentlemen, he 
 fled to England, and while there made the acquaintance 
 of Dean Berkeley, the old admirer and friend of Mrs. 
 Donnellan, who was afterwards Bishop of Cloyne. He 
 entered, as tutor, the family of Mr. Thompson, Coley 
 Park, Berks, and afterwards that of Lord Aylmer. He 
 revised the " Universal History." In 1748 he was made 
 keeper of the Queen's Library, and in 1749 he married 
 a widow with one child, a niece of Bishop Nicholson. 
 His first volume of his " History of the Popes " was 
 published in 1748, the second in 1751, the third in 1753. 
 Though renouncing the Jesuit order, he seems to have 
 had business dealings with the Society, some of which 
 brought him into considerable obloquy, but they are 
 too lengthy to be detailed here. 
 
 Mrs. Montagu, returning to Hayes, says — 
 
 " Mr. Bower and his wife are to come to me on 
 
 * Archibald Bower, born 1686, died 1766; wrote "The History of 
 the Popes," etc., etc. 
 
l6 "MADONNA." [Ch. I. 
 
 Friday, and stay till Saturday or Monday, he is a very 
 merry entertaining companion. He left all gloominess 
 in that seat of horrors— the Inquisition. I breakfasted 
 with him on Tuesday, he is but between two or three 
 miles from Hayes. His wife is civil and silent, so I asked 
 her to come over with him. I never saw any country 
 more beautiful than about Chislehurst, where he lives. 
 I cannot say much in praise of his habitation, which he 
 terms his Paradise, but indeed to a mind so gay and 
 cheerful as his, all places are a Paradise. He is much 
 engaged with those old ladies, the Popes, but says he 
 will leave the Santi Padri for his Madonna. He will 
 teach me the pronunciation of Italian, which he has 
 reduced to a Method, so it may easily be acquired. He 
 taught it to Mr. Garrick at Tun bridge." 
 
 Apparently Bower was introduced to Mrs. Montagu 
 by Gilbert West. He was an intimate friend of Sir 
 George Lyttelton. Both he and Sir George gave Mrs. 
 Montagu the sobriquet of " Madonna," but as Bower's 
 first letter of 1753 addresses her as "Madonna," with 
 him probably the nickname originated. They corre- 
 sponded for some years in Italian. 
 
 In the next letter of October 14, she says — 
 
 "The Bowers came here yesterday. Mr. and Mrs. 
 West met them here at dinner, and to-morrow we are 
 all to dine at Wickham. This morning I shall carry 
 Mrs. Bower to see Caesar's Camp, the prospect from 
 which is now in high beauty." 
 
 The five Botham children had been inoculated! 
 Their mother had been persuaded in her bad health to 
 leave them in their father's care. Lydia, writing to 
 Mrs. Montagu to thank her for a present of Madeira, 
 says — 
 
 " You will desire to hear something of my Babes, 
 
1753.] INOCULATION. 17 
 
 My letter from their good Father to-day says they were 
 well when he wrote, but that my kind and humane 
 friends, Dr. Shaw and Winchester, who had both been 
 with them in the morning, said their eyes were so heavy 
 and their pulses so loaded that they would not hold up 
 long." 
 
 A postscript to this letter gives the next day's 
 account in Mr. Botham's words— 
 
 " My dear Babes are all drooping round me, and 
 wonder not if I tell you I am glad they are so, since 
 from the gentlest symptoms of the distemper I have a 
 good foundation to hope they will do well. They are 
 sometimes up and sometimes down, and sicken so 
 gradually that Winchester doubts not that they will 
 have a favourable sort of the smallpox. I expect they 
 will be in their beds to-morrow." 
 
 By November 16 the five children were well, and 
 Mrs. Montagu writes to Mr. West from Sandleford — 
 
 " Mrs. Botham returns to her little family to-morrow, 
 they are all quite recovered, and I hope this lucky event 
 will hasten the recovery of my Lydia. I should indeed 
 be glad to behold the happy smile that will illuminate 
 her countenance at her return to her babes. Mr. 
 Rogers * is recovering from another mortification. . . . 
 I really believe he will live to the age of Methuselah, 
 for he recovers of those illnesses which destroy the 
 strongest. 
 
 " I find the Princess of Wales will have a drawing- 
 room as soon as the King returns, and I hope you will 
 consult with your friends, whether it will not be proper 
 you should appear there. , . . Mr. Linnell t brought me 
 
 * John Rogers, of Denton Hall, to whom Mr. Montagu, his cousin, was 
 trustee, as he was a lunatic. 
 
 t Linnell had been decorating rooms in her house at Hill Street, and 
 Mr. West was also employing him at Wickham. 
 
 VOL. II. C 
 
1 8 NEW BOOKS. [Ch. I. 
 
 his bill the morning I left town, and I think I will send a 
 copy of it as a proper warning to your Mrs. West, and 
 if you will still proceed in spite of my sad and woeful 
 example, I cannot help it. I shall repent my misdeeds 
 as the daughters of Israel did theirs in sackcloth and 
 ashes. Adieu Brocade, Embroidery, and lace, and even 
 the cheaper vanities of lutestring and blonde." 
 
 Mr. West took Mrs. Montagu's advice as to going 
 to Court and " kissing hands, a ceremony which upon 
 more deliberation I think it most advisable to go 
 through, however glad I should have been to avoid it." 
 
 In a letter to Miss Anstey from Mrs. Montagu, of 
 November 23, we gain a glimpse of the books being read 
 then — 
 
 " Mr. Hooke has published a second edition of his 
 ' Roman History,' which is much admired. Mr. 
 Brown's * essays on the ' Characteristics of Lord 
 Shaftesbury ' t are well spoken of; Lord Orrery | has 
 just published his Observations on the 'Life and 
 Writings of Dr. Swift.' . . . The ' Biographia Brit- 
 tanica ' will entertain you with the Lives of many great 
 men, some of them are very well written. Mr. War- 
 burton's § Edition of Mr. Pope's Works contains some 
 new pieces, and some alterations of old ones. ' The 
 Memoires du Due de Sully ' || are very entertaining. 
 . . . The Duke of Cumberland has been dangerously ill, 
 is now something better. Lord Coventry 1 they say 
 is to marry Miss Gunning. Some actors have appeared 
 
 * John Brown, D.D., born 1715, died 1766. Eminent divine, indefatig- 
 able writer. 
 
 t 3rd Earl of Shaftesbury, born 1671, died 1713 j wrote "Charac- 
 teristics of Men, Manners, Opinions, and Times." 
 
 t Charles Boyle, 4th Earl of Orrery. 
 
 § William Warburton, born 1698, died ,1779. Divine and writer- 
 Bishop of Gloucester. 
 
 II Due de Sully, favourite minister of Henry IV. of France. 
 
 1 Lord Coventry, married March 5, 1782, to Maria Gunning. 
 
 / 
 
I7S2-] "HISTORY OF THE POPES." 19 
 
 at the Theatre, and their characters are not of the first 
 rank. One of them imitates Mr, Garrick," This must 
 have been Foote. 
 
 Gilbert West was busied at this time planting his 
 garden at Wickham with firs and laurels, and Mrs. 
 Montagu teased him by letter about his "evergreen- 
 nevergreen garden," as she called it. She says — 
 
 " Remember that while you avoid winter, you exclude 
 Spring, and forbid the glad return of the vernal season, 
 as well as the sad approach of autumn. In your garden 
 and in your life, may all that is necessary for shade, for 
 shelter and for comfort be permanent and unchanged. 
 May the pleasures and aromatics be various, successive, 
 sweet and new ! . . . I shall be much obliged to you if 
 when you see the incomparable Mr. Bower you will get 
 of him the second volume of the ' History of the Popes.' 
 I have almost finished Mr. Hooke's history. I do not 
 care to quit the city of Rome till I have seen the estab- 
 lishment of its spiritual Monarchy. ... I have just 
 received a collection of letters, wrote by Madame de 
 Maintenon, though Voltaire has diminished my opinion 
 of her in some degree ; yet I have an impatience to open 
 the book. ... I shall like to see what alteration there is 
 in her from the wife and widow of poor Scarron to 
 becoming the consort of Louis le Grand." 
 
 On December 2 Lady Courtenay sent feathers and 
 shells to Mrs. Montagu for her work. She was the 
 daughter of Heneage, 2nd Lord Aylesford, and married 
 to Sir William Courtenay, afterwards ist Viscount 
 Courtenay. She was a sister of Lady Andover's, and a 
 great friend of Lydia Botham's, and in this letter ex- 
 presses great concern at Lydia's sad state of health. 
 
 On December 29 Mrs. Montagu writes to her sister 
 Sarah that she had sustained the great loss of her lady 
 housekeeper, Mrs. Isted, who had died very suddenly 
 
20 GEORGE LEWIS SCOTT, [Ch. I. 
 
 whilst Mr. and Mrs. Montagu had been spending a few 
 days with Lydia Botham. The latter was then supposed 
 to be dying. 
 
 From the letters it appears Mrs. Isted was a widow 
 lady, who had lost an only child, and had been known to 
 Mrs. Montagu in her more prosperous years. Lydia 
 Botham rallied for a time. 
 
 A great dispute was going on at Leicester House 
 at this time on the subject of Prince George's tutors. 
 Amongst the sub-preceptors, it will be remembered, 
 was Mr. George Lewis Scott, Sarah's (w/e Robinson) 
 husband. Soon after this he was dismissed from the 
 list of tutors. One reason alleged was that he was a 
 Jacobite, but there was little ground for this supposi- 
 tion. Though a clever man, he seems to have been 
 quite an unsuitable person to be tutor to the princes, 
 and Mrs. Montagu comforts Sarah by saying his true 
 character will now appear. " You will see shortly that 
 he and you will have justice done you, and with this 
 difference, that to you it will be a guardian angel, to 
 him an avenging minister. In the mean time 'leave him 
 to Heaven, and the thorns that prick his bosom,' as says 
 good Mr. Hamlet." 
 
 On December 23 she had an assembly, and writes 
 to Mrs. Boscawen that "the Chinese Room was filled 
 by a succession of people from eleven in the morning 
 till eleven at night." 
 
 The year ends with a letter to Gilbert West, who 
 had had a terrible attack of gout, sending him Birch's * 
 " Life of Archbishop Tillotson,"t "which Mr. Birch left 
 for you himself" 
 
 1753 opens with a letter from Mrs. Donnellan on 
 
 * Rev. Thomas Birch, born 1705, died 1766. 
 
 t John Tillotson, born 1630, died 1694. Archbishop of Canterbury in 
 1691. 
 
1753-] TURKEY PYE. 21 
 
 January 2, to Mrs. Montagu, then at Sandleford. In this 
 she says — 
 
 " Two letters from Ireland informed me of a sort of 
 determination both of Dr. Delany's affair and ray own. 
 I had a very particular account of both from my Six 
 Clerk and Manager, Mr. Croker, who is Six Clerk to 
 Delany's adversarys, and a short letter from Mrs. Delany. 
 My Lord Chancellor has acquitted Dr. Delany of a hard 
 word in the law, called spoliation, but has ordered an 
 account before two masters in Chancery to be taken of 
 all the late Mrs. Delany's personal estate, and what she 
 was worth when she married the Dean." 
 
 This law-suit, which lasted some years, and was a 
 great annoyance and expense to the Delanys, was caused 
 by his having inadvertently burnt a paper of importance 
 belonging to his first wife. Mrs. Donnellan's brother 
 had claimed the lease of the house lately belonging to 
 their mother, in London, owing to a defect in the execu- 
 tion of the will. Mrs. Donnellan got the books, and 
 some few hundred pounds, but, as she had been residuary 
 legatee in the will, suffered severe loss which she bore 
 with exemplary patience. 
 
 It is probable that at this period her brother-in-law, 
 Bishop Clayton, being wealthy and generous, gave up 
 his wife's marriage portion to her sister, Anne Donnellan. 
 
 Anne now took a house in Bolton Row, London. 
 
 On January 3 Mrs. Montagu writes to thank Mrs. 
 West for a portion of Turkey "pye," and some verses 
 of her composing with it. She says — 
 
 " January 3. 
 
 "Dear Madam, 
 
 "For your pye and your verses what strains 
 are sublime enough to return proper thanks ! You have 
 held the balance of justice so exactly and directed its 
 
22 THE DUCHESS OF CHANDOS. [Ch. I, 
 
 sword SO well where to fall that Mrs. Temple West and 
 I are determined to divide the pye this evening accord- 
 ing to the rules prescribed. Though our pye has not 
 yet been toasted, your verses have been well relish'd 
 by some of the greatest connoisseurs. About an hour 
 after I had your letter Miss West came to call on me ; I 
 communicated your poetic strains and we were very 
 merry over them. When Lord Temple and Sir George 
 Lyttelton came in we let them have a share, and they 
 joined in the laugh and commendation. Lord Temple 
 desired his best and kindest compliments to you and 
 my cousin. He is not at all the worse for his late 
 illness. . . . Sir George and he were going to dine with 
 Mr. Pitt, whose health, I believe, is in much the same 
 state as when you saw him." 
 
 Mrs. Medows wrote on January 6 from Chute, 
 Wilton, then her brother-in-law's residence, to wish the 
 Montagus a happy new year, and in this letter she 
 says — 
 
 " The Duke of C(handos) * our neighbour kept his 
 Son's t birthday with great magnificence. I was invited, 
 and not foreseeing such an occasion for dress, I had 
 neither manto nor sack, and desired leave to come in a 
 white apron in the evening, but the Duchess insisted on 
 my coming with it to dinner. You may imagine how well 
 I dined on two and forty dishes, and a dessert of one and 
 twenty, very well ordered and served ; but the Duchess's 
 behaviour was really an entertainment, not in the least 
 embarrassed, she did the honours perfectly well, and 
 seemed conscious she should make a good figure, and 
 pleased with the opportunity. In the evening there was 
 a ball, cards for the grave people. I am pleased to find 
 that I can still see the young people dance and with 
 pleasure ; our nieces t Pulses were the best dancers. I 
 
 ' 2nd Duke of Chandos. 
 
 t His only son by first wife, afterwards 3rd Duke. 
 
 X Mrs. Medows' nieces. 
 
I7S3-] THE POET GRAY. 23 
 
 won four rubbers and past for a good player ; content 
 with this, I came away before supper. I was charmed 
 with Mrs. Ironmonger* . . . If you would have me think 
 you well get a Vandike Hankerchief Mrs. Ironmonger 
 had one, and I am sure it will become you." 
 
 The duchess here alluded to was the second wife of 
 the duke, Anne Jefferies, nie Wells. In the " Complete 
 Peerage " we read, " See the story of her being sold 
 with a halter round her neck by her husband, Jefferies, 
 an ostler at the Pelican Inn, Newbury, and purchased 
 by the Duke of Chandos in ' N & Q,' 4th 1. vi. p. 179." 
 She was married in 1744 to the duke, and died in 
 1 759 s.p. 
 
 January 18, Miss Anstey, writing from Trumpington, 
 says — 
 
 " Have you heard that Mr. Gray f is going to publish 
 his whole stock of poetry, which, though it will consist 
 of only one volume, and contains but few things which 
 have not been already printed, the price will be half a 
 guinea; but what seems most extraordinary, it is ex- 
 pected there will be a very great demand for them, and 
 I am told there is already a great number bespoke, for 
 they are to be embellished and illustrated in the most 
 curious and ingenious manner with copper plates drawn 
 and imagined by Mr. Bentley.J I hear they are all very 
 clever, and was told for a specimen that the little ode on 
 the cat is to have in the frontispiece the Fates cutting 
 her nine threads of her life, and the rats and mice exult- 
 ing upon the death of their enemy. At the end Puss is 
 represented as just landed from Charon's Boat, and in 
 her approach towards Pluto's Palace, she sets up her 
 back and spits at Cerberus. How do you like the con- 
 ceit ? They are said to be very highly drawn, and Mr. 
 
 * Probably Mrs. Iremonger, of Wherwell, Hants. 
 
 t Thomas Gray, bom 1716, died 1771. 
 
 X Richard Bentley, junior son of the Master of Trinity, Cambridge. 
 
24 BERENGER. [Ch. I. 
 
 Gray gives his poetry. Mr. Horace Walpole * is at the 
 whole expense of the printing and copper plates for the 
 benefit of Mr. Bentley. . . . 
 
 "I hear the scholar t of St. John's who has admitted 
 himself of the play house performs much better in a 
 personated than he did here in his real character. I 
 suppose he does not regret his being expelled the 
 University, as he finds himself well received by the 
 Town, for excommunication would not hurt him there. 
 I hear he is really a good actor, which is a thing, I am 
 afraid, much more rare than a bad clergyman, so I am 
 glad he has taken to the stage instead of the Pulpit. I 
 hear there were fourscore of this University present at 
 his first performance, and that if he has a benefit the 
 whole body will be present at it." 
 
 This edition of Gray was published in March, 1753, 
 printed at Mr. Horace Walpole's private press at 
 Strawberry Hill. 
 
 Mr. West, attacked by his enemy the gout, was now 
 a prisoner at Wickham. On January 24, in a long letter, 
 these paragraphs are of interest — 
 
 " The joyous Berenger passed five days with us last 
 week, read to us a play in Shakespeare and the ' Vol- 
 pone ' of B. Johnson, and repeated innumerable scraps 
 out of a hundred others, laughed a great deal, said many 
 droll and some witty things, and then disappear'd, after 
 promising to come frequently to strut upon the little 
 stage of Wickham, which you may perceive has been 
 lately graced with almost as great a variety of cha- 
 racters as are exhibited at Drury Lane, so that we have 
 little occasion to run to the great city in search of 
 company, much less for the sake of society, which indeed 
 there is almost lost, in the various bustle of Resort, 
 
 * Horace Walpole, younger son of Sir Robert Walpole, born 1717, 
 died 1797. 
 
 t Is this Churchill? 
 
1753-] BISHOP BERKELEY. 25 
 
 the busy hum of Men, the embarrassments of Hoops, — 
 Interruptions of Messages and ostentatious dinners and 
 Drums, Trumpets, Politics, etc., etc., — but besides the 
 pleasures of social converse, we have had amusements of 
 a stiller kind furnished by the obliging civility of some of 
 my brother Authors ; among which are two new papers, 
 'The Adventurer' and 'The World,'* by Adam Fitz- 
 Adam. The writer of the former sent me the first 14 
 numbers with a very handsome letter. To the other I 
 had indeed a kind of right since I am inform'd that the 
 judicious Tasters of the Town have declared it to be 
 written by Sir G(eorge) L(yttelton), by Mr. Pitt, or 
 ybur humble servant; with how much sagacity this 
 opinion is form'd I shall leave you to judge, for I doubt 
 not but this character will recommend them to your 
 perusal, as it precludes me saying anything in their 
 favour : of the former I may be so free as to declare I 
 like them very well, but I will be still bolder in recom- 
 mending to you Dr. Leland's ' Observations of Lord 
 Bolingbroke's letter,' which was sent me by the author 
 yesterday, and which I have read through with great 
 pleasure and edification. I must transcribe a part of my 
 boy's t letter about the death of the Bishop of Cloyne : 
 ' We have had a great loss at Oxford ; the poor Bishop 
 of Cloyne died on Sunday about 8 o'clock in the 
 evening. Mrs. Berkeley t was sitting by him, and spoke 
 to him several times, and he never answered, so it is 
 supposed he was dead a quarter of an hour before it 
 was discovered, for he died without a groan or any sign 
 of pain.' 
 
 " He has received RoUin, for which I thank you in 
 his name." 
 
 To this Mrs. Montagu rejoins — 
 
 "How happy was the Bishop of Cloyne's exit, or 
 
 * Edward Moore published " The World." 
 t His son Richard, then at Oxford. 
 
 t George Berkeley, bom 1684, died 1753. Celebrated divine and 
 author. 
 
26 THE VAPOURS. [Ch. I, 
 
 rather entrance, one should call it into another, than 
 departure out of this life, for it had none of the agonising 
 pangs of farewell. I pity poor Mrs. Berkeley, who had 
 so little preparation for so heavy a stroke. I hope the 
 constant conversation and example of a man so eminent 
 in every Christian virtue may have given her an un- 
 common degree of fortitude and patience. I have heard 
 her temper and understanding highly commended. She 
 had a perfect adoration of the Bishop. . . . Dr. Berkeley 
 had formerly made his addresses to Mrs. Donnellan : 
 what were her reasons for refusing him I know not, 
 friends were consenting, circumstances equal, her opinion 
 captivated, but perhaps aversion to the cares of a 
 married life, and apprehensions from some particularities 
 in his temper hinder'd the match ; however their friend- 
 ship always continued, and I have always heard her 
 give him for virtues and talents the preference to all 
 mankind." 
 
 Mrs. Montagu continues that she had neither health 
 nor spirits to read with pleasure. " The misfortunes I 
 have suffered and those I have feared have worn me out ; 
 after the various turns of hope and fear on my poor 
 Lydia's account, I am at last in despair about her. Mr, 
 Botham sent to us for a milch ass for her some days 
 ago." After a long lamentation on Lydia's behalf, she 
 ends, "I am that poor little selfish animal, a human 
 creature, made more poor, more little, more selfish 
 by the Vapours; in all Sir Hans' Museum there is 
 not so ugly a monster as a woman in Vapours." Lydia 
 becoming worse, Mrs. Montagu wrote to inform her 
 sister, Mrs. Laurence Sterne, whose curious letter I 
 give in full as a specimen of her style. Both she 
 and her sister Lydia wrote large, legible hands, much 
 alike. 
 
1753-] MRS, LAURENCE STERNE. 27 
 
 " Sutton,* March ye 9th. 
 
 "Dear Madam, 
 
 " I return you my sincere and hearty thanks for 
 the Favour of your most welcome letter ; which had I re- 
 ceived in a more happy Hour, wou'd have made me almost 
 Frantick with Joy ; for being thus cruelly separated 
 from all my Friends, the least mark of their kindness 
 towards me, or Remembrance of me gives me unspeak- 
 able Delight. But the Dismal Account I receiv'd at the 
 same time of my poor Sister, has render'd my Heart 
 Incapable of Joy, nor can I ever know Comfort till I 
 hear of her Recovery. 
 
 "Believe me, Dear Madam, you were never more 
 mistaken than when you imagine that Time and Absence 
 remove you from my Remembrance. I do assure you 1 
 do not so easily part with what affords me so great De- 
 light, on the Contrary I spare no pains to improve every 
 little accident that recalls you to my Remembrance, as 
 the only amends which can be made me for those Un- 
 happinesses my Situation deprives me of. As a proof 
 of this I must inform you that about three weeks ago I 
 took a long Ride Through very bad weather, and worse 
 Roads, merely for the satisfaction of enjoying a Con- 
 versation with a Gentleman who though unknown to 
 you had conceiv'd the highest opinion of you from the 
 perusal of several of your Letters, for which he was in- 
 debted to Mrs. Clayton. Had this Gentleman nothing 
 else to recommend him, it certainly would be Sufficient 
 to have made me desirous of his acquaintance ; but he 
 is both a Man of Sense and good Breeding, so that I am 
 not a little pleas'd with my new Acquaintance. Your 
 Supposition of my Sister's having Boasted to me of her 
 Children is doubtless extremely Natural, I wish it had 
 been as Just : But I can in three words inform you of 
 all I know about 'em,— to wit their number and their 
 Names, for which I am indebted to Johnny. Had my 
 Lydia been so obliging as to have made them the 
 
 * The Rev. Laurence Sterne was Vicar of Sutton-in-the-Forest, 
 Yorkshire. 
 
28 LYDIA STERNE. [Ch. I. 
 
 Subject of her Letters, I shou'd by this time have had a 
 tolerable Idea of them, by considering what she said 
 with some abatement: but as it is I no more know 
 whether they are Black, Brown or Fair, Wise, or other 
 wise. Gentle, or Froward than the Man in the Moon. 
 Pray is this strange Silence on so Interesting a Subject 
 owing to her profound Wisdom or her abundant Polite- 
 ness ? But be it to which it will, as soon as she recovers 
 her Health I shall insist on all the satisfaction she can 
 give on this head. In the meantime I rejoice to find 
 they have your approbation and am truly thankful that 
 Nature has done her part, which indeed is the most 
 Material, though I frankly own I shall not be the first 
 to Forgive any slights that Dame Fortune may be dis- 
 pos'd to shew them. 
 
 "Your god-Daughter, as in Duty bound, sends her 
 best Respects to you. I will hope that she may enjoy 
 what her poor Mother in vain Laments, the want of a 
 more intimate acquaintance with her Kindred. 
 
 " Be so good as to make Mr. Sterne's and my com- 
 pliments to Mr. Montagu, and Believe me, Dear Madam, 
 " Your most affectionate Cousin, 
 
 and oblig'd Humble Servant, 
 
 " E. Sterne." 
 
 The godchild was Lydia Sterne, born December i, 
 1747, then in her sixth year. The Sternes had lost their 
 first child, also a Lydia, born in October, 1745. 
 
 Lydia Botham did not long survive ; I do not know 
 the exact day of her death, but West, writing on 
 April 2, to Mrs. Montagu, says — 
 
 " I cannot conclude without thanking you, my dearest 
 Cousin, for informing me of your health, about which I 
 should have been under great alarms upon hearing of 
 Lydia's Death, of which your letter brought me the first 
 intelligence. This kind attention to my happiness at a 
 time when your heart was overflowing with sorrow is 
 
I753-] LADY BATH'S ASSEMBLY. 29 
 
 such a proof of your regard for me I shall always 
 remember with gratitude." 
 
 Though deeply lamented, Lydia's sufferings, latterly 
 from asthma, dropsy, and a complication of disorders, 
 made her death more or less a release. Mr. Botham 
 was now left a widower with five children. 
 
 Writing from London, the end of April, to Sarah 
 Scott in John Street, Bath, where she and Lady Bab 
 were living, Mrs. Montagu says — 
 
 " I have been at Oratorios so crowded and plays so 
 hot I have almost fainted, but first of all crowds and 
 greatest of all mobs, I must in justice name Lady 
 Bath's * assembly, from whence at hazard of life and limb 
 I broke away a little after one on Tuesday last. Her 
 ladyship had happily gathered together eight hundred 
 Christian souls, many of which had like to have perished 
 by famine and other accidents. I suffered the most 
 from the first of these ; being ill, I had not eat a morsel 
 of dinner, and there was not a biscuit nor a bit of bread 
 to be got, and half the company got out through the 
 stables and garden. The house was not empty till near 
 3 in the morning." 
 
 Mrs. Montagu had for some time been expecting 
 Miss Carter, the young daughter of Mr. Montagu's 
 faithful agent, to stay with her. She says — : 
 
 " My little disciple t is very good, and takes to me 
 wondrous well. I expect the eldest Miss Botham next 
 week, you may suppose it was some denial not to 
 choose the second, but I thought the other my duty 
 rather, and the eldest would have been much grieved 
 to be passed over." 
 
 » Nie Anna Maria Gumley, wife of Pulteney, Earl of Bath. She is 
 said to have been a great " screw." 
 t Miss Carter. 
 
30 "A PERFECT WOMAN." [Ch. I. 
 
 Writing to Mr. Montagu (who had gone to Sandleford 
 on business, and to cure a bad cold) on May 3, his 
 wife describes a Rout she had given. "I had rather 
 more than an hundred visitants last night, but the 
 apartment held them with ease, and the highest compli- 
 ments were paid to the house and elegance of the 
 apartments." 
 
 Gilbert West from Wickham, on May 23, gives the 
 following account of Mr. Pitt, whose health had been 
 causing much anxiety to his friends — 
 
 " Had I answered your letter last night I should 
 have given you a good account of Mr. Pitt, who was 
 yesterday in better spirits than I have seen him in since 
 he came hither, but I find by inquiring after him this 
 morning that he has had a bad, that is, a sleepless night, 
 which has such effect on his spirits that I am afraid we 
 shall see him in a very different condition to-day. This 
 has happened to him every other night since Friday 
 last, so I am persuaded there is something intermitting 
 in his case, of which neither the Physicians nor himself 
 seem to be aware. I think he ought to go to town to 
 consult with them, but to this he has so great an aversion 
 that I question if he will comply with our request. Sir 
 George Lyttelton, who saw him on one of his bad days, 
 Saturday last, promised to come hither to-day, and his 
 voice added to ours may possibly prevail. . . . 
 
 " Mr. Pitt express'd a due sense of your goodness 
 in inquiring so particularly after him, and that you may 
 know how high you stand in his opinion, I must inform 
 you that in a conversation with Molly he pronounced 
 you the most perfect woman he ever met with." 
 
 Mr. Pitt was recommended by his doctors to go to 
 Tunbridge Wells to drink the waters. Accompanied 
 by Mr. West, Mrs. West, and Miss West, he set off 
 on May 26. West, writing to Mrs. Montagu, says 
 
17 53-] MR. PITT'S INSOMNIA. 31 
 
 " Tunbridge Wells, May 27, 1753. 
 
 " My dearest Cousin ! My best and most valuable 
 Friend ! 
 
 " Your kind letter which I received on coming 
 from Chapel is the most agreeable thing I have met 
 with at Tunbridge, where we arrived last night about 7, 
 after only stopping at Sen'nocks, and dining at Tun- 
 bridge Town. It came very seasonably to relieve my 
 spirits which were much sunk by the extreme dejection 
 which appears to-day in Mr. Pitt, from a night passed 
 entirely without sleep, notwithstanding all the pre- 
 cautions which were taken , within doors to make it 
 still and quiet, and the accidental tranquillity arising 
 from the present emptiness and desolation of this place, 
 to which no other invalids, except ourselves are yet 
 arrived, or even expected to arrive as yet. He began to 
 drink the waters to-day, but as they are sometimes very 
 slow in their operations, I much fear both he and those 
 friends who cannot help sympathizing with him, will 
 suffer a great deal before the wished-for effect will take 
 place, for this Insomnium his Physicians have prescribed 
 Opiates, a medicine which, in this case, though they may 
 procure a temporary ease, yet often after recoil upon 
 the spirits. He seems inclined to take Musk, and intends 
 to talk with Molly about it. I think his Physicians have 
 been to blame in giving all their attention to the disorder 
 in his bowels, and not sufficiently regarding the Dis- 
 temperature of his spirits, a Disease much more to be 
 apprehended than the other ; while he continues under 
 this Oppression, I am afraid it will be impossible for me 
 to leave him, as he fancies me of the greatest use to him 
 as a friend, and a comforter, but I hope in God he will 
 soon find some alteration for the better, of which I shall 
 be glad to give you the earliest information. In the 
 meantime I beg you will take care of your health, and 
 as the most effectual means of establishing it, I most 
 earnestly desire you will follow Mr. Montagu's exhorta- 
 tions to repair forthwith to Tunbridge, as by so doing 
 you will not only contribute to the regaining your own 
 
32 RENT OF LODGINGS. [Ch. I. 
 
 health, but to the comfort and felicity of some here who 
 love you. . . . Kitty, Molly and Mr. Pitt desire their 
 affectionate compliments. Molly begs you will com- 
 municate this account of Mr. Pitt to Sir G(eorge) 
 L(yttelton)." 
 
 In West's next letter, of May 30, he says— 
 
 " I think Mr. Pitt is somewhat better, tho' his spirits 
 are too low to allow him to think so, and his nights are 
 still sleepless without the aid of Opiates. I write this 
 from the 'Stone House' to which we were driven by 
 the noisy situation of our house at the foot of Mount 
 Sion. How many pleasing ideas our present habita- 
 tion recalls I leave you to judge, though there needs 
 no such artificial helps to make you ever present to my 
 memory. . . . Mr. Pitt is lodged in your room, and I 
 in that which was Mr. Montagu's dressing-room on the 
 ground floor." 
 
 The Montagus and Wests together had rented the 
 " Stone House " the year before this. On May 31 West 
 writes to say he is leaving Mr. William Lyttelton with 
 Mr. Pitt, and will return to Wickham on Saturday, and 
 dine with Mrs. Montagu at Hayes en route. He adds, 
 " Mr. Pitt feels a little gout in his foot, which we hope 
 will increase so as to be an effectual Remedy for all 
 his disorders." 
 
 On June 6, West, who had been commissioned to 
 find a house for Mrs. Montagu, looks at the last two left 
 on Mount Ephraim, a Mr. Spooner's and a Mr. Sele's ; 
 he decided on the latter, orders the chimney to be made 
 higher, and a kovel put on it to stop smoking, and to 
 order the owners to lie in the beds to air them ! 
 
 " The price he told me was 4 guineas a week, or 
 thirty-five guineas for the whole season, that is till 
 Michaelmas, or a week or two over ; for this price you 
 
1753] CANVASSING. 33 
 
 are to have stabling for eight horses, and a coach house 
 for two carriages. . . . Mrs. West will be obliged to you 
 if you will bring her jewels with you." 
 
 Mrs. Montagu arrived at Tunbridge on June ii, and 
 on the 13th writes to her husband, then in London, 
 to say 
 
 " my cough is much abated, and my appetite increased : 
 the asses' milk sits well on my stomach. ... I have 
 a constant invitation to dinner at the ' White House ' ; 
 Mr. Pitt is too ill to dine abroad, and the Wests 
 cannot leave him, so as often as I am disposed for 
 company, I dine there ; the rest of my time passes in 
 taking air and exercise, and now and then the relief of 
 a book." 
 
 On account of the Jew Bill and other unpopular 
 measures coming before Parliament, a General Election 
 was anticipated, and Lord Sandwich was already ar- 
 ranging for it by canvassing his constituents, and those 
 at Huntingdon, and summoned Mr. Montagu to meet him 
 at Hinchinbrooke the second week in August. Previous 
 to this he spent a few days with his wife at Tunbridge 
 hence proceeding to Yorkshire for his annual estate 
 business. Old Mr. Robinson accompanied his friend. 
 Sir Edward Bering, to canvass for him in Kent, and his 
 daughter says, " My Father would have made a good 
 counterpart to Sir Edward Bering; if bon mots could 
 carry a county, I know few that would care to contend 
 with them." 
 
 Previous to going to Tunbridge, Mrs. Montagu 
 placed her two young charges. Miss Carter and Miss 
 Botham, in a boarding-school. She writes to her sister 
 Sarah — 
 
 " Mr. Montagu thought Miss Carter' s'dancing would 
 
 VOL. II. D 
 
34 PENSHURST. [Ch. I. 
 
 be better improved if she went to School, and he is as 
 desirous she should be a fine dancer as if she was to be 
 a Maid of Honour. I was the more willing in regard to 
 Miss Botham going, for my cousin is of such a ' diversian ' 
 temper, as Cotes used to express it, that I feared she 
 would not be easily restrained in a place of this sort ; 
 she is a fine girl, but so lively and so idle, she requires 
 infinite care. With great capacity of learning she has 
 prodigious desire to be idle, and thinks it quite hard 
 not to take her share of all the diversions she hears of. 
 On being asked how she liked London she said very 
 well, but should do so much better if she was to go to 
 Ranelagh every night ! I have left them at a very good 
 school, but an expensive one ; however, they are only 
 to stay there till the isth of August, for then the school 
 breaks up, and if I do not leave this place sooner, they 
 must come. I believe no gouvernante ever took half 
 the pains I have done with these children, explaining to 
 them everything they read, and talking to them on all 
 points of behaviour." 
 
 On July 4, in a letter to Mr. Montagu, who was at 
 Theakstone, his wife writes — 
 
 " All the family at the ' Stone House ' and myself in 
 their train went yesterday to Penshurst ; we spent a 
 good deal of time in viewing the pictures. I was most 
 pleased with the portraits, as I know not any family 
 that for Arts and Arms, greatness of courage and 
 nobility of mind have excelled the Sydney Race. Beauty 
 too, has been remarkable in it." 
 
 And on July 8 — 
 
 " It has been much the turn of the Society I am in to 
 go out in parties to see places, and last post day we 
 settled upon an expedition of this sort with such pre- 
 cipitation, I had not opportunity to write without keep- 
 ing the company waiting. We went to see an old seat 
 
I7S3-] TRINITY COLLEGE LIBRARY. 35 
 
 of a Mr. Brown's ; it is well situated, was built by Inigo 
 Jones, has some fine portraits. . . . We went from this 
 venerable seat to a place called New Vauxhall, where 
 Mr. Pitt had provided us a good dinner ; the view from 
 it is romantic ; we staid there till the cool of the even- 
 ing, and then returned home. We drank tea yesterday ' 
 in the most beautiful rural scene that can be imagined, 
 which Mr. Pitt had discovered in his morning's ride 
 about half a mile from hence ; he ordered a tent to be 
 pitched, tea to be prepared, and his French horn to 
 breathe music like the unseen genius of the wood: 
 the company dined with me, and we set out, number 8. 
 . . . Sir George Lyttelton and Mr. Bower are come to 
 spend a few days with Mr. Pitt." 
 
 To this her husband replies, " I very much approve 
 of the excursions you make, and think the more the 
 better, as they both entertain the mind and give 
 exercise to the body." He adds, the epidemic then 
 raging amongst cattle in England had not been so 
 severe on his northern property as in other parts of the 
 country. 
 
 Mr. Pitt went to Hastings for two days, and on his 
 return, Mr. West made a tour to Canterbury, Dover, 
 etc., which lasted five days. Dr. Smith,* Mr. Montagu's 
 old friend, was then at Tunbridge, and Mrs. Montagu 
 says — 
 
 " We fell into discourse upon some embellishments 
 and ornaments to be added to the fine Library at Trinity 
 College. There are to be 26 Bustos put up, 13 in 
 memory of the ancients, 13 of modern, these are to 
 be cast in plaister of Paris : but Mrs. Middleton talks of 
 a fine Marble Busto of Dr. Middleton to be done by 
 RoubilliaCjt which I think very proper, as he was so 
 
 * Dr. Robert Smith, then Master of Trinity College, Cambridge. 
 Founded " Smith's Prizes." 
 
 t LouisFran^oisRoubilliac, born 1695, died 1762. Eminent sculptor. 
 
36 GIBSIDE. [Ch. I. 
 
 eminent, there should be a public memorial of him, and 
 as he was long Librarian it is proper it should be in 
 that place : there are likewise to be 48 portraits of con- 
 siderable persons that have been of the College." 
 
 To this Mr. Montagu replies — 
 
 " I am very well pleased with what Dr. Smith is doing 
 at Trinity College. I hope he has not lay'd aside the 
 noble design he had form'd of having a Statue * of the 
 great Newton. Such men as he and Dr. Middleton 
 should be represented in something more durable than 
 plaister of Paris, and I honour Mrs. Middleton for her 
 intention." 
 
 After seeing to the business consequent on his 
 trusteeship to his cousin, Mr. Rogers, of Newcastle, 
 Mr. Montagu had returned to Theakstone on July 29. 
 He describes Gibside, the seat of Mr. Bowes t — 
 
 " I dined this day sennight at Gibside ; it was one of 
 the finest summer days I ever saw. It set off to great 
 advantage the whole vale through which the river Tyne 
 runs, which consists of a great deal of good rich land. 
 The Moors, tho' not so pleasing to the eye, make abun- 
 dant amends by the riches of the mines. All the gentle- 
 men are planting and adorning their Seats, but nothing 
 comes up to the grandeur and magnificence of what Mr. 
 Bowes has done, and is a (sic), doing, I mean without 
 doors, for his house is but an indifferent one. It stands 
 in the midst of a great wood of about 400 acres, through 
 which there are a great many noble walks and rides 
 interspers'd with fine lawns, with a rough river running 
 thro' it, on each side of which are very high rocks, which 
 gives it a very romantick look. Mr. Bowes is at present 
 
 • In 175 s Dr. Smith gave the statue of Sir T. Newton, sculptured by 
 Roubilliac. 
 
 t George Bowes, of Streatlam Castle, and Gibside, Durham. 
 
17S3-] EXCURSION TO STONELANDS. 37 
 
 upon a work of great magnificence, which is the erect- 
 ing a column of above 140 feet high. This, as far as I 
 know, may be the largest that ever was erected by a 
 subject in this Island, and may yield to nothing but the 
 Monument at London. I ought not to omit telling you 
 that he has already erected upon a rising ground a 
 gothick building which he calls a Banquetting room, 
 in which the night before there was a concert of Musick 
 (sic), at which Jordain and an Italian woman performed, 
 whom Mrs. Lane * brought with her from Bramham 
 Moor, from which she came in a day. . . . On Monday 
 I dined with Sir Thomas Clavering.t This gentleman's 
 house is very old and bad, but the situation good and 
 prospect pleasant. He has made a long road leading to 
 his house and improved his park, and made a serpentine 
 river. . . . He has also, as well as all the other gentle- 
 men in that county, made a kitchen garden with very 
 high walls, planted with the finest fruit trees. I ques- 
 tion not peaches and nectarines may succeed very well, 
 but for grapes they must be beholden to fire." 
 
 From this it would appear that walled kitchen 
 gardens were new things in the North then ; probably 
 " Kail yards " reigned supreme. Miss Carter and Miss 
 Botham now joined Mrs. Montagu at Tunbridge from 
 their school. Another excursion to Stonelands$ with 
 Mr. Pitt took place, and in a letter to Mr. Montagu on 
 August 3 we learn — 
 
 "This dry Summer has been so favourable to the 
 Waters that they have made several surprising cures. 
 I think Mr. Pitt may be numbered amongst them. The 
 first time I saw the Duke of Bolton,§ I could hardly 
 
 * Mrs. Lane, of Bramham Park, Yorkshire, 
 t 7th Baronet, related to the Roger family, Oxwell Park. 
 X A seat of the Duke of Dorset's, now called Buckhurst, in Surrey. 
 § 3rd Duke ; he died August 26, 1754. Married as second wife 
 Lavinia Fenton, alias " Polly Peacham." 
 
38 "MINOUETS." [CH. I. 
 
 imagine he would last a month, but seeing him again 
 yesterday I was amazed at the amendment," 
 
 In the afternoons Mrs. Montagu and Mr. Pitt were 
 attending Mr. King's lectures on philosophy, etc., and 
 " Mr. Pitt, who is desirous of attaining some knowledge 
 in this way, makes him explain things very precisely." 
 In another letter she says — 
 
 " Miss Carter will excell in dancing. I did not think 
 it right she should dance Minouets at the ball till she 
 was quite perfect in it, but Mr. West, Mr. Pitt and all 
 their family and some other company were here the 
 other day, and I made her dance a Minouet with Master 
 West by way of using her to do it in company; she 
 acquitted herself so well as to get great commendation." 
 
 As usual, the husband and wife exchanged loving 
 letters on the anniversary of their wedding-day, 
 August 5. Mrs. Montagu mentions — 
 
 "There is a report that Lord Coke is dying; his 
 wife. Lady Mary, is here ; she is extremely pretty, her 
 air and figure the most pleasing I ever saw. She is 
 not properly a beauty, but she has more agrimens than 
 one shall often see. With so many advantages of birth, 
 person and fortune, I do not wonder at her resentment 
 being lively, and that she could ill brook the neglects 
 and insults of her husband." 
 
 Lady Mary was the daughter of the 2nd Duke of 
 Argyll and Duke of Greenwich. She is often mentioned 
 by Horace Walpole. Her husband treated her with 
 great brutality, and she gained a separation from him. 
 He died August 31, 1753 ; she survived him till 181 1. 
 
 Mr. Herbert is mentioned as being very ill at Tun- 
 bridge ; this was the uncle of the 6th Earl of Carnarvon, 
 

I753-] "BEAU" NASH. 39 
 
 of Highclere Castle, Hants. Mr. Montagu says, "He 
 has done a great deal to adorn and beautify Highclere; 
 he had designed to do much more, if he dies it will want 
 his finishing hand." On August 13 Mrs. Montagu 
 writes to her husband — 
 
 " Mr. Nash * had a fit yesterday, by which it is 
 imagined this Monarch will soon resign that Empire 
 over Mankind, which in so extraordinary a manner he 
 gained and has preserved. The Young Pretender is 
 now known to be at Passi, near Paris, where he keeps 
 himself so concealed that he may on any project be able 
 to leave it without exciting the attention of the people. 
 It is said in case of a Minority he will make us a visit. 
 Lord Rochford intercepted a letter from a Cardinal in 
 France to his brother in Italy, in which he said he had 
 supped with Prince Charles the night before. I hear 
 this young adventurer is much a favorite with the French 
 officers and soldiers, whose romantic visions of honour 
 may excite them to do more than even the policy of 
 their Monarque requires." 
 
 On August 20 Mr. Montagu arrived at Hinchinbroke 
 to stay with Lord Sandwich, in order to beat up votes 
 for the next election for Huntingdon and the county. 
 A Mr. Jones, an eminent merchant, was to be his fellow- 
 candidate. 
 
 "On Tuesday we are to go about the town and 
 canvass, where an entertainment will be prepared for 
 the Burgesses, who will to-morrow night be treated 
 with their wives, with a ball for them only, a thing 
 intirely new and which must produce something new 
 and out of the common. On Friday we shall be at 
 liberty to move off, but on Monday night we are to 
 meet and entertain the Londoners at the King's Head, 
 Holbourn." 
 
 * Richard Nash, "Beau Nash," Leader of Fashion at Bath and 
 Tunbridge, born 1674, died 1761. 
 
40 MR. PITT VISITS HAYES. [Ch. I. 
 
 Writing on August 21 to Mrs. Boscawen, Mrs. Mon- 
 tagu mentions — 
 
 " I am living in the very house my dear Mrs. Bos- 
 cawen inhabited three years ago. At the Stone Castle 
 reside Mr. Pitt, Mr. and Mrs. West and Miss West. 
 Instead of making parties at Whist or Cribbage, and 
 living with and like the beau monde, we have been 
 wandering about like a company of gipsies, visiting all 
 the fine parks and seats in the neighbourhood." 
 
 These excursions were much encouraged by Mr. 
 Pitt, who considered them " as good for the mind as the 
 body," and that an occasional day without drinking the 
 waters gave them a greater effect. 
 
 Mention of a ventriloquist now occurs as something 
 new — 
 
 "I have been this morning to hear the man who 
 has a surprising manner of throwing his voice into the 
 Drawer, a bottle, your pocket, up the chimney, or where 
 he pleases within a certain distance. ... I was last 
 night at Mr. King's, we had the Orrery and an astro- 
 nomical lecture." 
 
 Mr. Montagu joined his wife for a week at Tunbridge, 
 when he had to return to London. On September 16 
 she writes to him — 
 
 " I intend to be with you on Thursday. ... I find 
 Mr. Pitt has some intentions, as / told you when you was 
 here, of going to Heys, in case he should not be well 
 enough to take the long journey he intends, and he 
 seems much pleased that I will lend him that little 
 tenement ; but as I apprehend a feather bed more will 
 be wanted than used to be, I propose to send one from 
 Hill Street. . . . Mr. Pitt leaves this place to-morrow, 
 he is now going to Dr. Ascough's, and from thence to 
 

 
 viSB^ 
 
 r<^«t;'- 
 
 , --■-:.-- 'j 
 
 P ;l 
 
 irrk. i 
 
 
 &il^ 
 
 !5 
 
 i [5 
 
I7S3-] MR. HOOKE. : 41 
 
 Stowe* and Hagley.f Mr. West goes to Stowe with 
 him." 
 
 Probably it was from this time that Pitt took such 
 a fancy to Hayes, which endured all his lifetime. 
 
 The next letter to Gilbert West I transcribe in 
 portions — 
 
 " Sandleford, September 27, 1753, 
 
 "My most honoured Cousin, 
 
 " Your kind and agreeable letter restored me in 
 some measure to the temper I lost at going out of town 
 the very day you came to it. I know not what poets 
 may find in the country, when they have filled the woods 
 with sylvan Deities, and the rivers with Naides ; but to 
 me groves and streams and plains make poor amends 
 for the loss of a friend's conversation. You have better 
 supplied Mr. Pitt's absence by reading the Orations of 
 his predecessor, Demosthenes, and I can easily imagine 
 you would rather have passed the evening with the 
 British than- the Grecian Demosthenes, whom in talents 
 perhaps he equals, and in grace of manners and the 
 sweet civilities of life, I dare say he excels. But when 
 you seem to say you would even have preferred the 
 simple small talk of your poor cousin to the Athenian 
 Orator, I cry out, — Oh wondrous power of friendship, 
 which like the sun gives glorious colours to a vapour, 
 and brightens the pebble to a gem, till what would have 
 been neglected by the common herd is accepted by the 
 most distinguished. . . . On Tuesday morning about 
 eight o'clock I called upon Mr. Hooke at his hermitage. 
 I found him like a true Savant surrounded by all the 
 elements of Science, but though I roamed round the 
 room, I could not perceive any signs of the Author, 
 no papers, pen, ink, or sheets just come from the press. 
 I fear the fine ladies and fine prospects of Cookham 
 divert his attention from the Roman History. ... I 
 
 * Lady Cobham's. t Sir George Lyttelton's seat. 
 
42 THE WICKHAM URN. [Ch. I. 
 
 desired him to carry me to Mrs. Edwin's, which I heard 
 was a pretty place.* There is an old ferry woman who 
 crosses the Thames very often before Mrs. Edwin's 
 terrace. . . . While we were in Mrs. Edwin's garden he 
 betrayed my name to her . . . she came down, showed 
 me her house and the pictures, which are very fine, but 
 the views from her windows gave one no leisure to 
 consider the works of art. . . . Cliefden Hill rises 
 majestically in view, and the only flat shore you see 
 from this place lies straight before it, and is a large 
 plain of the finest verdure and full of cattle." 
 
 To this letter Gilbert West replies — 
 
 " I am glad your journey to Sandleford was relieved 
 by the agreeable digression you made to Cookham, 
 where I hope to find, at least in the memory of Mr. 
 Hooke, the vestiges of your having been there, which 
 will be an additional motive to me to make him a visit 
 from Stoke, for I am going once more from Wickham, 
 notwithstanding the neighbourhood of Sir Thomas 
 Robinson,t the Archbishop, t and Bower, and the arrival 
 of my Urn, which is to come this very day, and which 
 Mr. Cheer hath taught me to consider as an emblem and 
 monument of the polished, elegant and accomplished 
 Mrs. Montagu, by assuring me ' that it is indebted for all 
 the extraordinary and highly finished ornaments he hath 
 bestowed upon it, to the great regard and veneration he 
 hath for her, and that he will not either for love or money 
 make such another.' ... I was paying a visit at Fulham, 
 where I enjoyed the smiles of my beloved Bishop,§ the 
 presence of Mrs. Sherlock, and the agreeable conversa- 
 tion of Mrs. Chester, with the more substantial delicacies 
 of an excellent English Venison Pasty." 
 
 * Could this be Hedsor? 
 
 t " Long " Sir Thomas, Mrs. Montagu's cousin. 
 
 t Archbishop Seeker. 
 
 § Thomas Sherlock, born 1678, died 1761. Bishop of London. 
 
1753.] THE NEW POST-CHAISE. 43 
 
 Further on he says he is going to Lillingston Dayrell 
 to see his mother, Lady Langham. 
 
 In the next letter (Oct. 3) from Sandleford to Mr. 
 West occurs this sentence, " Mr. Montagu returned 
 hither on Monday with the new four-wheeled post- 
 chaise ; it is the pleasantest machine imaginable in 
 rough roads, but I think it too easy on even roads." 
 The coachmen had nothing intermediate between the 
 two-wheeled vehicles and the ponderously long six- 
 or four-horsed coach, which required elaborate skill in 
 turning. 
 
 Staying again at Fulham, Mr. West mentions that 
 he has been urging Bishop Sherlock to publish some 
 of his sermons, which he promised to do. West had 
 a fresh attack of the gout, which made him return 
 home. Mr. Pitt had left Hayes suddenly for Bath, 
 Tunbridge waters not having been of sufficient use to 
 him ; and in a letter of October 13, to West, in capital 
 letters, her inquiries not being answered, Mrs. Mon- 
 tagu asks, " I desire to know what you have heard 
 CONCERNING MR. pitt's HEALTH?" Describing her daily 
 life, she says she keeps up the Tunbridge habit of 
 driving an hour or so after dinner (which, it must be 
 remembered, was then early) over the adjacent common ; 
 after these airings she drank tea, and retired to her 
 dressing-room for two or three hours of reading. 
 
 On October 14 West writes — 
 
 "The Duke and Duchess of Portland, with two of 
 their daughters, dined here last Thursday, and we are 
 to make them a morning's visit to-morrow at BuUstrode. 
 Her Grace was extremely courteous and obliging to me, 
 but never made any inquiry after you, which piqued me 
 so much, that I put her against her upon talking about 
 Mr. Botham, and from what she said about the distrest 
 situation of his family, took occasion to extol you as the 
 
44 LADY BUTE. [Ch. I. 
 
 most generous and sincere friend, and indeed the only 
 one the poor man could depend on." 
 
 The reader will have doubtless missed the frequent 
 mention of the duchess and her letters. There is no 
 doubt that the coolness between the quondam intimate 
 friends was on account of the Scott separation. It will 
 be remembered the duchess sided with Mrs. Scott's 
 engagement against Mrs. Montagu's opinion. After the 
 Scott separation, probably influenced by her intimate 
 friend. Lady Bute, who with the Princess of Wales 
 seems to have defended him,* the duchess appears to 
 have taken his part ; but his true character is shown 
 by the fact that the Prince of Wales (George III.), on 
 being given a Household in 1756, begged that Scott t 
 should not be continued about him, and to make up 
 for this dismissal he was given a commissionership in 
 the Excise. Later on the duchess and Mrs. Montagu 
 had a rapprochement, but the letters were never as 
 cordial as in previous times. 
 
 Writing from Lillingston on October 27, West de- 
 scribes his visit to Bullstrode — 
 
 " I was very kindly received both at Bullstrode and 
 Cookham ; at the former we were shown a great many 
 fine and great many curious things, both in doors and 
 without ; the day proved too cold, and I was not enough 
 recovered to see all the rarities of the animal as well as 
 the vegetable kind, which were dispersed over the Park 
 and gardens. Those that might be seen from the win- 
 dows, as some spotted Sheep and a little Bull from Fort 
 St. David's, whose resemblance I have often seen in 
 China ware, I beheld with admiration and applause, and 
 
 * Vide Walpole's " Memoirs of the Reign of George III.," vol. ii.p. 259. 
 t Scott is said to have been a Jacobite secretly. That he was double- 
 faced is evident from letters. 
 
I7S3.] BULLSTRODE MENAGERIE. 45 
 
 ventured two steps into the garden to take a view of the 
 orange trees against the wall. . . . Her Grace promised 
 to make me a present of some trained up for that pur- 
 pose. In her closet we were shown some curious works 
 in Shells, performed by Mrs. Delany, whom her Grace 
 expected at Bullstrode in a short time, and expressed 
 great pleasure and not a little impatience in the prospejct 
 of seeing so dear and so ingenious a friend. Of you she 
 said nothing, till upon her naming Mrs. Donnellan, I 
 said I could give her some account of her, having been 
 informed by you that she was gone to town ; she then 
 asked when I heard from you, and where you was, but 
 carried her enquiry after you no further. At Cookham 
 I spent some hours with Mrs. Stanley, for Mr. Hooke 
 had gone out with Mrs. Edwin to make a visit to Dr. 
 Freind. ..." He further states that he found his 
 mother well, and "very little alter'd since I last saw 
 her, excepting that she has grown a little fatter, a 
 circumstance to a woman of seventy is greatly prefer- 
 able to wrinkles. In my way thro' Stowe Park I met 
 Miss Banks riding out with Lord Vere,* of her I 
 enquired much about Mr. Pitt, and received from her 
 the same answer, which I must have made for your 
 enquiries after him, that they had heard nothing of him 
 since he left Stowe. . . . While he staid at Stowe he 
 was in good health and spirits, he went from thence 
 to Hagley, and she believed he intended to go from 
 Hagley to Bath." 
 
 On November lo Mrs. Donnellan, to whom Mrs. 
 Montagu had lent her house in Hill Street, whilst she 
 searched for lodgings in the suburbs, her lungs not 
 permitting her to live in the town during the winter, 
 writes — 
 
 " I have taken a little house on tryal at Kensington 
 Gravel Pits . . . both Richardson's house at Northend 
 and Mrs. Granville's at Chelsey I think too low for 
 * Baron Vere, of Hanworth. 
 
46 "SIR CHARLES GRANDISON." [Ch. I. 
 
 me. ... I want you to read ' Sir Charles Grandison,' 
 it is not formed on your plan of banishing delicacy. I 
 am afraid it carrys it too far on t'other side, and is too 
 fine spun, but there are fine things and fine characters 
 in it, and I don't know how it is, but his tediousness 
 gives one an eagerness to go on ; there is a love-sick 
 madness that I think extremely fine and touching, but 
 if you have not read it I must not forestall. I think I 
 will own to you, the great fault of my friend's writings, 
 there is too much of everything. I really laughed at 
 your nursery of ' Clarissas,' but I hope you did not think 
 of me as the old nurse, there was nobody there while I 
 stayed ! " 
 
 Mr. Richardson had just completed his novel of 
 Sir Charles Grandison. The Clarissas is an allusion 
 to Miss Botham and Miss Carter, then with Mrs. 
 Montagu. 
 
 This same month Mrs. Montagu was again very 
 unwell. West urged her to go to London, but Mr. 
 Montagu, who loved the retirement at Sandleford, was 
 unwilling to leave it, and she says — 
 
 " Tho' I am told I may go to town, I know it would 
 not be agreeable where I ought to please, and I can 
 hardly think it right to be in such haste to quit the place 
 where I live most in the manner I ought to do, where 
 only I am useful. I relieve the distresses and animate 
 the industry of a few, and have given all my hours to 
 the two girls under my care, whose welfare, whose 
 eternal welfare perhaps, depends on what they shall 
 nowlearn." 
 
 Mr. Hooke and Mr. Botham were both at Sandleford. 
 In Mr. Hooke's conversation Mrs. Montagu found much 
 enjoyment ; as West put it, " He (Hooke) is a very 
 worthy man, and has in him the greatest compass of 
 
I7S4-] "THE TRIUMPHS OF THE GOUT."- 47 
 
 entertainments of any one I know, from nonsense (as 
 Lord Bath calls it), to sense, and beyond sense to 
 Metaphysics." 
 
 On December 20 Mrs. West writes to present her 
 Christmas wishes, and Mr. West's, to the Montagus, as 
 " Tubby " (Mr. West), as was his uneuphonious family 
 nickname, had the gout in both hands. Mrs. Montagu 
 writes to him— 
 
 " The 27th of December, 1753. 
 " And what, my dear Cousin, are both hands prisoners 
 of the gout ! such innocent hands too ! Hands that 
 never open'd to receive or give a bribe, that never 
 dipped into the guilt of the South Sea fraud, of Chari- 
 table Corporations, or pilfer'd lottery tickets, clean even 
 from perquisite in office, and the most modest means by 
 which the Miser's palm wooes and sollicits gain. So far 
 have your hands been from grasping at other's gold, 
 they have not held fast your own with a tenacious grip, 
 but open'd liberally at the petitions of the poor, for the 
 productions of Art, or to feast your friends at the genial 
 board. Most of all do I resent the fate of the writing 
 hand, which was first dedicated to the Muses, then with 
 maturer judgment consecrated to the Nymphs of Solyma, 
 and shall it be led captive by the cruel gout ? Why did 
 you sing the triumphs * of the dire goddess ? Oh, why 
 could you not describe them unfelt, as Poets often do 
 the softer pains and gentler woes of Venus and her 
 Son?" 
 
 The first amusing paper I have of 1754 is a school 
 bill for the two younger Miss Bothams, Molly and Kitty. 
 1 am sorry that several of the items are torn away, but 
 it is curious as to things then required, and also for 
 the extraordinarily bad spelling and wording of the 
 preceptor entrusted with their care. It is addressed to — 
 
 * West wrote a poem entitled " The Triumphs of the Gout." 
 
48 SCHOOLGIRLS' BILL. [Ch. I. 
 
 " The Revd. DoC Botham, 
 " These." 
 " Sir, 
 
 "According to your desire by the honour of 
 your Last, I send you the Bill of the two Miss's Botham, 
 your daughters, to ye first of this month, altho' wee had 
 spoak of it before the Holydays I had quite forgot it, 
 and was very easy on that account. I hope, Sir, that 
 you'r satisfied of us, if so I shall alwise thry, as well as 
 my wife, to do all wee can to improve your daughters in 
 everything, especially in their Morals and manners. I 
 was very sorry of your last indisposition, and hope 
 you'r much better, it is the sincere wish of 
 "Sir, 
 
 "Your most humble 
 
 and obedient Servant, 
 
 " E. Sage Roberts. 
 
 " Kensington, the 20th January, 1754. 
 
 " P.S. — My wife with her compliments to you joyns 
 with me in compts. of the Saison, wishing you health, 
 prosperity and all you can wish yourself for many 
 years." 
 
 " The two Miss's Bothanis Bill. 
 
 £ s. d. 
 
 "To Board from the 9th of August, 1753, to 
 the ist January, 1754, at ^25 per year, 
 maketh 
 
 To a Seat at Church 
 
 To copy Books, pens, pencils, Ink, paper, &c 
 
 To the Dancing Master 
 
 To sundry things furnished, viz. — 
 
 To a chest of Draws 
 
 To silver spoons, knife and Fork 
 
 To a tea chest 
 
 To a Spelling book, i Grammar 
 
 To two Hats and two Bonets ... 
 
 To three pair of Shoes 
 
 To Gloves, 6 pairs 
 
 19 16 o 
 086 
 070 
 4 10 
 
 I 5 o 
 
 I I o 
 
 o (torn off) 
 
 03- 
 o 15 o 
 o (torn) 
 o (torn) 
 
£ 
 
 s. 
 
 d. 
 
 o 
 
 (torn) 
 
 
 
 13 
 
 — 
 
 
 (torn) 
 
 o 
 
 10 
 
 9 
 
 
 
 I 
 
 6 
 
 o 
 
 
 
 2 
 
 
 
 3 
 
 6 
 
 I7S4-] MR. PELHAM'S DEATH. 49 
 
 To tea and suger 
 
 To Thread, Tape and pins, needles, worsted, 
 laces, &c. 
 
 To Hair cutting, Pomatum Powder 
 
 To Pocket Money 
 
 To Pots and Mugs, &c. 
 
 To a percel reed, by the Coach 
 
 To Soap, Oatmeal for to wash, &c 
 
 Total ... 30 15 o" 
 
 In the beginning of March in this year Mr. Pelham, 
 the Premier, died suddenly* and there was a General 
 Election. Mr. Pelham's brother, the Duke of Newcastle, 
 was appointed first Lord of the Treasury; Mr. Legge, 
 Mr. Botham's uncle, Chancellor of the Exchequer; Sir 
 George Lyttelton, Cofferer. Mr. Montagu proceeded 
 to Hinchinbrooke early in April to canvass, and his 
 wife writes to him on the nth — 
 
 " I hope you had a pleasant journey, and arrived 
 without fatigue. You are proceeding quietly and well 
 at Huntingdon, while many are hustling with infinite 
 animosity in other Boroughs. The votes are eleven 
 hundred paid a piece at Bury as I am informed. . . . 
 Morris is very busy with the Canterbury Voters, he 
 does not like them so well as law Clients." 
 
 Morris was canvassing for his elder brother Matthew, 
 of Horton. 
 
 Mr. Montagu writes on April 16 to say, " Yesterday 
 our Election came on, and was, I believe, one of the most 
 quiet and peaceable that ever was." 
 
 In her next letter to her husband she says — 
 
 "I have had a letter to-day from my brother 
 Robinson, informing me that he is chosen along with 
 
 VOL. II. E 
 
so AN ELECTION. [Ch. I. 
 
 Creed; Mr. Best declined the Poll. My brother has 
 carried his Election without expence. ... I cannot take 
 leave of you without expressing my pride and satisfac- 
 tion in seeing you again enter the House of Commons, 
 where you have behaved with such steadiness and in- 
 tegrity. I have a joy and pride whenever I reflect on 
 any part of your moral character. May your virtues 
 meet with the happiness they deserve ! " 
 
 Bower writes to Mrs. Montagu on April i6 from 
 Oakhampton, where he had gone with Sir George 
 Lyttelton for his election, in fervid Italian. He was 
 disgusted at the orgy of the election, and says that at 
 the election dinner given by the mayor and magistrates 
 in their robes to Sir George Lyttelton, they sat down 
 at 3 o'clock p.m., and none rose to leave till two in the 
 morning! "e tutti, o quasi tutti partirono cordialmente ub- 
 briachi " (" and all, nearly all, parted thoroughly drunk "). 
 He continues, " The cavaliers then went from house to 
 house to kiss the ladies, as was customary, and ask for 
 the votes of their husbands." After fervid speeches made 
 to the "celeste imagine della Madonna del Monte e 
 della Strada del Monte " (the celestial image of the 
 Madonna of the Mount and the Madonna of Hill Street), 
 meaning Mrs. Montagu, his pen is taken up by Lyttelton, 
 who says, " The Italian language affords such lofty ex- 
 pressions, as the poverty of ours will not come up to, 
 and therefore the Madonna must be content with my 
 telling her that the good Father with all his Devotion 
 does not honour her more than I do. . . ." At the 
 end of his letter he says, " I hear from my wife that 
 my Boy has been with you : a thousand thanks for your 
 goodness to him." This is the first mention of Thomas, 
 afterwards 2nd Baron Lyttelton, then only ten years 
 old. Lyttelton had early besought the interest and in- 
 fluence of Mrs. Montagu for his son and daughter by 
 
1754-] "TOM" LYTTELTON. 51 
 
 his first marriage, Both became truly attached to her, 
 would that her influence had prevailed on " Tom " later 
 in life. 
 
 At this period Mrs. Donnellan was very ill, and Mrs. 
 Montagu did her best to nurse her. Lady Sandwich 
 came to town to inoculate her daughter, Lady Mary. 
 Miss Mary Pitt had been to see Mrs. Montagu, and " she 
 assures me Mr. Pitt is in good health, but has had another 
 attack of gout in his hand, owing, 'tis imagined, to his 
 being blooded for a sore throat." 
 
 Mr. Montagu at this period sustained the heavy loss 
 of his faithful agent, the second Mr. Carter, who died at 
 Theakstone, and whose loss necessitated his immediate 
 journey to the north to attend to his own and Mr. 
 Rogers' -affairs, all of which had been confided to Mr. 
 Carter's care. Taking Mr. Botham as his temporary 
 secretary and companion, they started off northward by 
 post-chaises, a most expensive process, as Mr. Montagu 
 called it. On June 13 Mrs. Montagu writes — 
 
 " I am sorry Mrs. Carter (the grandmother), has set 
 her heart so much on having her granddaughter with 
 her, she is of the proper age to receive instruction and 
 take impressions ; a few years passed innocently will 
 not leave her as amiable a subject as she is now, her 
 mind will be less flexible. . . . Mr. Pitt drank tea with 
 me this afternoon ; he has recovered his health entirely, 
 if one may judge by his looks. He tells me he has built 
 a very good house at Bath for ;^i200. He mention'd to 
 me his intention of going on Saturday to Wickham to 
 propose the place at Chelsea to Mr. West, the offer will 
 certainly be an agreeable one." 
 
 This place was that of the paymaster to Chelsea 
 College. In the next letter to Mrs. Boscawen, Mrs. 
 Montagu says — 
 
52 MR. WEST'S APPOINTMENT. [Ch. I. 
 
 " The place is call'd a thousand pounds a year, it is 
 in the gift of Mr. Pitt, and was given with grace that few 
 know how to put into any action . . . they have excellent 
 lodgings annexed to the place. . . . Mr. Pitt dined with 
 them on Saturday; I imagine he was very happy, but 
 he so well deserved to be so. It is a fine thing to act 
 the part of Providence and bless the good. Miss Carter 
 was sent for by her old grandmother, last week she 
 left me." 
 
 Writing to her husband on June 15, Mrs. Montagu 
 states she shall be glad to hear as soon as Mr. Montagu 
 thinks he will return, "that I may disfurnish Hayes, 
 which I shall quit as a man does a homely but a quiet 
 wife, with some little regret, but not much tender 
 sorrow ; it is not a beautiful place, but it is quiet, and 
 when one steps out of the bustle of Town, appears on 
 that account amiable." She adds that her sister's health 
 is greatly improved, and her temper less petulant, on 
 account of having taken to a milk and vegetable diet. 
 
 On July 9 Mrs. Montagu mentions — 
 
 " My brother Robinson came to town last night ; he 
 dined here to-day, and we are all going to Vauxhall, 
 where Mr. Tyers has had the ruins of Palmyra painted 
 in the manner of the scenes so as to deceive the eye and 
 appear buildings." 
 
 Her sister Sarah and brother Charles were with her. 
 She concludes with an affectionate appeal to her husband 
 not to apply himself too much to business at Newcastle, 
 but to take exercise for his health's sake. 
 
 In another letter undated, but about this period, as it 
 mentions West's thanks to Mr. Montagu for his con- 
 gratulations on his appointment to Chelsea Hospital, 
 allusion is made to Elizabeth Canning, whose curious 
 
I7S4-] ELIZABETH CANNING. S3 
 
 Story of having been kidnapped* and ill-treated had 
 convulsed London opinion. 
 
 "The town is in great agitation about Elizabeth 
 Canning ; she is condemn'd to Transportation, but her 
 guilt is so far from appearing certain, that the Sheriffs 
 refuse to conduct her among the other felons. All the 
 Aldermen but Sir Crispe Gascoignef petition in her 
 behalf, all the great officers of the State almost, inter- 
 pose for her, and the Archbishop of Canterbury also 
 desires that she may have a decent person of her own 
 sex to attend her over, and then to board in a private 
 family. Some fear there will be a rising of the Mob in 
 her favour ; in general all seem to agree that the matter 
 is entirely doubtful. As to Sir Crispe Gascoigne he dare 
 not stir without being guarded. ... I wish the whole 
 affair was brought to light, there is great iniquity 
 somewhere." 
 
 On July 19, writing from Hayes, she says — 
 
 " Miss Mary Pitt, youngest sister of Mr. Pitt, is come 
 to stay a few days with me, she is a very sensible, modest, 
 pretty sort of young woman, and as Mr. Pitt seem'd to 
 take every civility shown to her as a favour, I thought 
 this mark of respect to her one manner of returning my 
 obligations to him." 
 
 Mr. Montagu and Mr. Botham proceeded to New- 
 castle to regulate Mr. Rogers' affairs, which, as before 
 mentioned, required attention, owing to the death of 
 the head agent, Mr. Carter. 
 
 In consequence probably of worry, Mr. Montagu 
 returned from the north at the end of July with a fever, 
 "which," as his wife writes to Sarah, "bleeding and 
 wormwood draughts have taken off," and as soon as he 
 
 * Vide vol. ix., Smollett, " History of England," p. 231. 
 t Then Lord Mayor of London, 
 
54 BRIGHTHELMSTONE. [CH. I. 
 
 was fit he was to go with her to Hayes to pack up her 
 books. Miss Anstey was staying with them, and was 
 to accompany them to Sandleford. Mention is made 
 of a portrait of herself which Mrs. Montagu was going 
 to send Mrs. Scott: "Mr. Cambridge call'd on me the 
 other day, he spoke much in your praise. I told him 
 I hoped he would call on you at Bath, he promised he 
 would." This was Richard Owen Cambridge,* a friend 
 of Dr. Johnson, who wrote the " Scribbleriad." 
 
 Writing to West from Sandleford of her neighbours 
 at Hayes, she regrets the society of Mrs. Herring and 
 the Archbishop, t and desires her regards to them. He 
 answers — 
 
 " I made your compliments to the Archbishop and 
 Mrs. Herring, who dined with us the very day I received 
 your letter. He is very well and as amiable and polite 
 as ever. Dick t has been very dilligent and very 
 successful in partridge shooting, and t'other day sent 
 the prime fruits of his labours, a landrail, as a present to 
 his Grace of Canterbury." 
 
 At the beginning of September, through the influence 
 of West, the Bishop of London gave the living of Ealing 
 to Mr. Botham. Botham was at Brighthelmstone with 
 his two boys for sea-bathing, as they were not in health. 
 The joy of Mrs. Montagu was great at this preferment, 
 as the bishop permitted Mr. Botham to continue to hold 
 Albury as well, placing a curate in the living he did not 
 occupy. 
 
 Writing again to West, Mrs. Montagu says — 
 
 " Dr. Mangey kept a curate at Ealing as he did not 
 reside there, but undoubtedly Mr. Botham will discharge 
 
 ' Mr. Cambridge died in 1802. 
 
 t Thomas Herring, born 1671, died 1757. Archbishop of Canterbury. 
 
 t Young West. 
 
1754-] "PRECIEUSES RIDICULES." SS 
 
 the duties of the living he resides at without assistance ; 
 the Bishop of London required Mr. Botham's residence : 
 as the girls and boys are growing up and must soon live 
 with him, they will be better placed at Ealing in a good 
 neighbourhood than at Albury. They will learn nothing 
 there but eating and drinking plentifully of Lord Ayles- 
 ford, and Mr. Godschall's house is generally full of 
 poetic Misses, who are addressing each other by the 
 names of Parthenia, Araminta, etc., with now and then 
 a little epistle to Strephon or Damon. I was uneasy 
 whenever they were at home, for fear they should enter 
 into the precieuse character of Mrs. Godschall." 
 
 This style of conversation is taken off in Molifere's 
 " Precieuses Ridicules." 
 
 West's mother, Lady Langham was now paying her 
 son a visit. Mrs. Montagu writes — 
 
 " I think the vast territories of imagination could not 
 afford any view so pleasing as the meeting of such a son 
 and such a mother ; the pictures not only pleased my 
 mind, but warm'd my heart . . . that you may at Lady 
 Langham's age be as well able to take a journey, and 
 your son as well deserve, and as joyfully receive such a 
 visit is my sincerest and most earnest wish . . . another 
 pleasure attends you all, and which your benevolence 
 and not your pride will feel, that of setting an example of 
 those'various charities, of parent, child, husband and wife, 
 which make the happiness of domestic life ; and there is 
 surely more honour in filling well ike circle marUd of 
 Heaven in these spheres of relation, than in running the 
 wild career of Ambition in its most shining track. 
 Indeed there is no part of a conduct that so certainly 
 deserves our approbation as an acquittance of family 
 regards. Actions of a public nature often are inspired 
 by vanity, domestic behaviour has not popular applause 
 for its object, tho' with the sober judgment, as Mr. Pope 
 says of silence, ' its very want of voice makes it a kind of 
 fame' " 
 
S6 MR. HATELEY. [Ch. I. 
 
 She then proceeds to thank West eloquently for 
 Botham's presentation to Kingston {this must be a mistake 
 for Ealing), and ends with desiring some paper hangings 
 " she and Mrs. Isted had laboriously adorned " to be taken 
 down with care at her house at Hayes, but leaves the rest 
 of the hangings to the landlord. "I presume some 
 retail grocer, haberdasher of small wares, or perhaps a 
 tallow chandler, will shortly be in possession of my 
 Castle at Hayes." 
 
 At Sandleford were staying young Mr. Hateley, an 
 artist, and Miss Anstey. The latter being in treaty for a 
 house in London, accepted Mr. Montagu's escort thither, 
 and Mr. Hateley wishing to accompany them a portion 
 of the way, mounted a horse, which flung him at the first 
 start off and grievously cut and bruised him. The 
 doctor was summoned after the departure of Mr. Mon- 
 tagu and Miss Anstey, who " blooded him, and he was 
 ordered to take no food but balm tea lest he should 
 have a fever. . . . The Harvest Home Supper last night 
 was very jolly, the guests had as good appetite as those 
 who meet to eat Turtle," writes Mrs. Montagu to her 
 husband on September 23. 
 
 Miss Anstey, having lost her parents, and Trumping- 
 ton having become her brother's property, had deter- 
 mined to live in London. She took Mr. Montagu to 
 help her in choosing a residence in Queen Street, a new- 
 built house for ;^8oo. Miss Anstey executed several 
 commissions for Mrs. Montagu, amongst which she 
 mentions, " I have sent several prints of Nun's habits, 
 some one of which I hope may become the beautiful 
 Eloise, and I shall very much rejoice to hear she has 
 taken the Veil." 
 
 Mention is made in a previous letter of Mrs. 
 Montagu's of Hateley painting a picture of Eloise, but 
 who sat for it I cannot say. Hateley recovered from 
 
1754-] LILLINGSTON DAYRELL. 57 
 
 his accident. A new post-chaise had been ordered for 
 the Montagus, and Mr. Montagu found it "nothing 
 showy or brilliant," but his wife assures him, " I shall 
 find no fault with the plainness of the post-chaise, 
 neatness being all that is aimed at." 
 
 West, writing on October 8 from Wickhara, says — 
 
 " I have the honour to agree with my dearest and 
 most excellent cousin in looking upon writing letters as 
 one of the evils of Human Life, and for that reason I 
 have always declined engaging in a correspondence of 
 that kind with anybody but her, tho' I was once invited 
 to it by the great Mr. Pope. ... I am now turning my 
 thoughts towards Chelsea, where I hope to be settled 
 for the whole winter by the beginning of next month. 
 My Mother and Mrs. Ives* go from hence to my brother's! 
 house in the country, where they will remain a week or 
 ten days, and from there return to Lillingston.| Mr. 
 and Mrs. Dayrell were prevented by the death of two of 
 his Aunts from making us a visit at Wickham, by which 
 accident and the absence of my sister Molly, my Mother 
 lost the opportunity of exhibiting the pleasing picture 
 of a Hen gathering with a careful and maternal tender- 
 ness all her chickens at once under her wings, but she 
 will have them by turns." 
 
 From this it would appear that Mrs. Dayrell was a 
 daughter of Lady Langham's. The Dayrells have owned 
 Lillingston Dayrell for some eight hundred years ! 
 
 Mrs. Medows writes from Chute on October i6 to 
 Mrs. Montagu — 
 
 " I am impatient to wait on you ; all the horses and 
 all the Maids have been taken up with Wey Hill Fair,§ 
 
 ' Mrs. Ives appears to be Lady Langham's sister. 
 
 t Temple West. 
 
 t Lillingston Dayrell in Bucks. 
 
 § On October lo and five following days. 
 
S8 BATH EASTON. [Ch. I. 
 
 now I hope to hire a couple of cart-horses : I dare not 
 venture with a common postboy and horses, because 
 the postboys are not used to a four-wheeled chaise, nor 
 the Road I must go. ... I wish you joy of a pleasure 
 for life at least, the good you have done to Mr. Botham 
 and his family. ... I am pleased you have hired the 
 wood, now one may walk in the bowling green without 
 coveting what is your neighbour's. I hope hiring is a 
 step to purchasing; laying field to field is a natural 
 thought and not a blameable one, when no injustice is 
 meant. I have often thought what a pretty place Sandle- 
 ford would be if it was bounded by the little river, 
 Newbury Wash, and Greenhara Heath." 
 
 This wood was on the east side of Sandleford, and 
 was eventually purchased, and Sandleford at this moment 
 is bounded exactly as Mrs. Medows wished. 
 
 "A Buck, we are told, is come to Grateley, his name 
 is Mitchell, he has laid out a ;i^iooo in furnishing it com- 
 pletely, altho' he could not be sure of having it more 
 than a year. He intends to keep Stags in the paddocks, 
 and turn them out on the Downs, which will give him 
 fine chases. He says the Drawing room is a good drinking 
 room." 
 
 Sarah Scott and Lady Bab Montagu had taken a 
 house at Bath Easton for use in the summer, and 
 desiring plants for the garden there, Mrs. Montagu 
 sends on November 6 to them a vast number of pinks, 
 roses and honeysuckles, together with a home-cured 
 ham In the accompanying letter she mentions Ealing 
 being 
 
 " two hundred pounds a year, his house a very pretty 
 one, a good garden with a great deal of wall fruit, and 
 there is a neighbourhood of genteel people, who have all 
 shown him great civility. ... Mr. Hateley is still with 
 us, he has made a very pretty Landskip (stc) with Eloisa, 
 
I7S4.] "HISTORY OF BATH." 59 
 
 and her figure is pretty, her face amiably triste. He has 
 done my portrait so like, and got a good likeness, and 
 with a spirit in the countenance and attitude that is very 
 uncommon." 
 
 To this Sarah writes on November 17, to thank her 
 for the plants and to say she and Lady Barbara had 
 returned to Bath for the winter, Bath Easton being too 
 near the water for them. She says — 
 
 " Have I sent you word of a subscription making for 
 Nash? I believe it began since I wrote last. It is 
 entitled a subscription for a ' History of Bath and 
 Tunbridge for these last 40 years,' by Richard Nashe, 
 Esqre., with an Apology for the Author's life. The 
 whole money, two guineas, is to be paid down at once, 
 for he does not pretend any book is to come out. Some 
 have subscribed 10 guineas, many five, and a great many 
 hundred pounds are already subscribed. It is to be 
 kept open for life, and people give to him who will not 
 part with a guinea to relieve the greatest real and un- 
 merited distress imaginable. The pretence is that he 
 has but little more than ;^20o a year, which is not sup- 
 posed true, but if it was, surely it is full equal to his 
 merits, whether one considers them as moral or enter- 
 taining. To such ladies as have secret histories belonging 
 to them, he hints that he knows every one's private life 
 and shall publish it. This place grows so full of sub- 
 scriptions that no person of moderate fortune will long 
 be able to come to it. The people of the rooms are 
 endeavouring to obtain a subscription of half a guinea 
 each man, and a crown each woman for the season. As 
 yet it has not been complied with, but they require 
 it with such insolence, that I make no doubt it will 
 be complied with. I shall be glad to hear you are 
 safely settled in Hill Street. I assure you the picture * 
 you were so good as to give me is a great ornament to a 
 pretty room, and people are so civil to me as to see the 
 
 * A portrait of Mr. Montagu. 
 
6o MR. PITT'S ENGAGEMENT. [Ch. I. 
 
 likeness, which I take well of them ; as it is placed near 
 the fire it may grow warmer, which is all that can 
 improve it." 
 
 " Beau " Nash had reigned a despotic Master of the 
 Ceremonies over Bath for fifty years, living in a most 
 expensive style, mainly supported by his success at the 
 gaming tables. The Act of Parliament against gambling 
 put an end to his chief means of obtaining money. The 
 Corporation, however, settled a pension of 120 guineas 
 on him for his services. He was eighty-one years old 
 at this period, having been born in 1673. His rules for 
 general behaviour and manners are most amusing, but 
 are too long to insert. 
 
 At this time Mr. Pitt became engaged to Lady 
 Hester Grenville, daughter of Mr. Richard Grenville 
 and his wife, Lady Temple, and sister of Viscount 
 Cobham. She was a cousin of West's and Sir George 
 Lyttelton's. 
 
 On November 5 Mrs. Montagu writes to West — 
 
 "My dear Cousin, 
 
 " Since the days that Cupid set Hercules to the 
 distaff, he has not had a nobler conquest than over 
 the elevated soul of Mr. Pitt. I congratulate you on 
 the affinity, and I hope he will be happy: his long 
 acquaintance with the lady makes the hazard much less 
 than where people marry without knowing the dis- 
 position of the person they choose. I believe Lady 
 Hester Grenville is very good-humoured, which is the 
 principal article in the happiness of the Marriage State. 
 Beauty soon grows familiar to the lover, wit may be 
 pernicious, and many brilliant qualities troublesome; 
 but a companion of gentle disposition softens cares and 
 lightens sorrows. The sober matches made on reflection, 
 are often happier than those made by sudden and violent 
 passion, and I hope this will prove of this kind ; and 
 there is an authority in the character of Mr. Pitt, that 
 

1754.] REV. W. WARBURTON. 6l 
 
 will secure him the deference and obedience of his wife ; 
 proud of him abroad, she will be humble to him at home ; 
 and having said so much, I consign them over to Hymen, 
 who, I hope, will join their hands in the most auspicious 
 hour. I was prevented writing to you by Sunday's 
 post. Dr. Pococke having stayed with us on Saturday 
 night, and the first Sunday of the month I always go to 
 Newbury Church ; * the length of the service made me 
 too late to write. I am glad Mr. Cambridge has been 
 with you at Wickham. . . . We were in Wiltshire last 
 week to visit Mrs. Medows." 
 
 She ends with expressing a wish to exchange the 
 country for London, but is determined not to say a 
 word to Mr. Montagu, whose health had been recently 
 restored by country air. 
 
 In her next letter to West, of November 14, she 
 says — 
 
 " As the Virtues and Graces as well as Cupid and 
 Hymen will assist at Mr. Pitt's nuptials, I think he 
 could not' choose a better place for their celebration 
 than Wickham, their capital seat. I wish them many 
 happy years together, and God bless them with health 
 and every good. ... I hope while you are at Croydon 
 the good Archbishop will animate you to defy that foul 
 fiend my Lord Bolingbroke ; I believe I shall take some 
 of Ward's sneezing powder to clear my head of the im- 
 pieties and impurities of his book. I am not satisfied 
 with Mr. Warburton'sf answer, the levity shocks me, 
 the indecency displeases me, the grossierete disgusts me. 
 I love to see the doctrine of Christianity defended by 
 the spirit of Christianity. When absurdity is mix'd 
 with impiety, it ceases to be a jest. I can laugh at his 
 Lordship's cavils at Mr. Locke, his envy to Plato and 
 
 * St. Nicholas, Newbury. They generally attended Newtown church, 
 as it was nearer. 
 
 t Rev. William Warburton, born 1698, died 1779. Chaplain to the 
 King ; Bishop of Gloucester ; author of various works. 
 
62 THOMAS HEARNE. [Ch. I. 
 
 all the old Philosophers, but I could with great serious- 
 ness apply to him the words of his friend and Poet to the 
 Dunces — 
 
 " "Tis yours a Bacon and a Locke to blame, 
 A Newton's genius or a Milton's flame. 
 But oh ! with one, immortal one dispense 
 The source of Newton's light or Bacon's sense.' 
 
 But I must do his Lordship the justice to say that what 
 he wants in faith he makes up in confidence, for after 
 having assured you it is absurd to affirm God is just or 
 good, he declared he is willing to trust the being whose 
 attributes he cannot know, to dispose of him in another 
 world, not at all doubting that the Supreme Being will 
 be good to him, without goodness, and just to him with- 
 out justice ! He laughs at the faith of Abraham, and I 
 should do so too, if Abraham had disputed God's 
 veracity, and then trusted to His promises. I never read 
 such a mass of inconsistencies and contradictions, such 
 a vain ostentation of learning, and if I durst, I would say 
 it, all that can show ' the trifling head, or the corrupted 
 heart' I think I may venture to say trifling, for what- 
 ever does not relate to the argument is so, and to teize 
 the gentle reader with all the miserable sophisms 
 that perplex'd the world 2000 years ago, is barbarous. 
 I wanted to apply to him the Epigram on Hearne * the 
 antiquarian — 
 
 " ' Fye on thee ! quoth Time to Thomas Hearne, 
 Whatever I forget, you learn. . . . ' 
 
 I thank his Lordship, though, for making me once more 
 look into Mr. Locke and Doctor Clarke,! in the venera- 
 tion of whom I believe I shall live and dye." 
 
 The return letter from West is so interesting that 
 I give it in extenso — 
 
 * Thomas Hearne, born 1678, died 1735 ; antiquarian and author. 
 t Samuel Clarke, D.D., born 1675, died 1729 ; celebrated theologian 
 and natural philosopher. 
 
I7S4-] MR. PITT'S MARRIAGE. 6$ 
 
 "Croydon, November 18, 1754. 
 
 "My dear Cousin, 
 
 " Your admirable letter found me at the Archi- 
 episcopal Palace at Croydon, where Mrs. West, Dick 
 and I had been ever since Wednesday; and it was 
 lucky that it found me there, as I had by that means an 
 opportunity of showing the Archbishop, whom you very 
 properly style good, your most ingenious and judicious 
 Reflections of Lord Bolingbroke's pompous Rhetorical 
 and inconsistent Declamations with which his Grace 
 (who, by the bye agrees entirely with you in the censure 
 you there pass'd upon Mr. W(arburton)'s way of answer- 
 ing him^ was so pleas'd that he desired me to give him 
 a copy of the whole paragraph, promising that if he 
 show'd it to anybody he would, however, cautiously 
 conceal the name of the author. After this I need not 
 tell you how much we both said in praise of you; I 
 shall only add that I, this morning, received his com- 
 mands to present his respects to you, and to tell you 
 in his name that if you allow'd yourself the liberty of 
 saying iine things of him, he would be even with you. 
 These are his own words, grounded on a piece of 
 information I had given him of the great honour and 
 esteem you had for him. We quitted Wickham, as I 
 told you, on Wednesday last, that we might throw no 
 obstacle in the way of that amorous impatience which 
 Mr. Pitt had in all his notes express'd of bringing Lady 
 Hester to our sweet and hospitable Habitation, as he 
 call'd it ; but to our great surprise, and to the no small 
 mortification of Mrs. West in particular, who was afraid 
 that all the good things, with which she had fiU'd her 
 larder, would be spoil'd by their delay — the happy 
 Bridegroom and his Bride did not arrive till Saturday, 
 on which morning they were married * by Dr. Ayscough t 
 with the Archbishop's License. They came down alone, 
 and have continued alone ever since, and, I imagine, will 
 
 * Married November 16, 1754, by special license, in Argyll Street, 
 t Rev. Francis Ayscough, D.D., married Anne Lyttelton, Sir George's 
 sister. 
 
64 THE HONEYMOON. [Ch. I. 
 
 continue during their stay at Wickham, in that Paradi- 
 saical Solitude, tho' by the quantity of provisions which 
 Mr. Campion * brought with him, and more which he has 
 since sent for from Croydon, we conclude he expected 
 some visitants from Town, as Lord Temple, etc.,t but 
 having heard of no such visitants being expected, I 
 suppose that all this profusion was owing to Mr. 
 Campion's solicitude to testify in his own way his 
 respects to his new Lady, and make his compliments 
 on this joyous occasion, in the polite, that is, in the 
 French Phraseology: this is all the intelligence I can 
 at present give you of this important affair, for we have 
 had no communication by messages, either to or from 
 Mr. Pitt, whom we were unwilling to disturb, or 
 interrupt the free course of those pleasures, which for a 
 time at least, possess the whole mind, and are most 
 relished when most private ; for this reason I cannot 
 yet acquaint you when we shall leave Wickham, but 
 I believe it will be about the middle of this week, 
 and I suppose we shall not be able to go to Chelsea 
 before the latter end of the next, or the beginning of the 
 week after, and by that time I am still in hopes you will 
 come to Hill Street, and by giving me the pleasure of 
 seeing you there in good health, compleat the happy 
 change which you observe is already begun in the once 
 gloomy month of November. I do often, my dear 
 Cousin, look back with pleasure and thankfulness on 
 many incidents of my past Life, and compare them with 
 my present situation, so much changed for the better 
 in a thousand instances, such as Health, fortune and 
 Friendship, among which there is none that has given 
 me more happiness than yours, and which therefore I 
 hope will continue, till it is lost where only it can be 
 lost, in the brighter and warmer radiance of an un- 
 changeable and everlasting Society, where I hope to 
 have it continued to me through all eternity. I am 
 going to take the air with the good and amiable Arch- 
 bishop, and therefore must conclude. 
 
 * The chef. t Richard, Earl Temple, brother of Lady Hester. 
 
"fw y<i.„^9tAi?^ 
 
 y^ilifi,, 4''!t' Sari at^ GAeMei-^^lcL. 
 
I7S4.] "GOSSIP" JOAN. 65 
 
 "Adieu, my dear, dear Cousin, and assure yourself 
 that all that period I shall continue 
 
 " Ever most affectionately Yours, etc., 
 
 "Gil. West. 
 
 " Mrs. West and Mrs. Herring desire their compli- 
 ments to Mrs. Montagu and Miss Anstey." 
 
 I give a portion of the reply to the foregoing 
 letter — 
 
 " Hill Street, November 23, 1754. 
 " My dearest Cousin, 
 
 "From country Joan I am, according to my 
 ambitious views, turned into ' Gossip ' Joan, and by no 
 supernatural metamorphosing power, but merely by 
 the help of so ordinary a vehicle as a post-chaise, 
 which wrought this happy change between the hours 
 of 7 in the morning and 5 in the afternoon; the 
 subject, no doubt was well prepared that would so 
 easily receive the alteration. In my town character I 
 made 15 visits last night: I should not so suddenly 
 have assumed my great Hoop if I had not desired to 
 pay the earliest respect to Lady Hester Pitt. I came 
 to town on Wednesday night, and was too weary to 
 write to you. I proposed doing it on Thursday even- 
 ing, but my brother Robinson hinder'd me by making a 
 long visit. Yesterday morning was divided amongst 
 Milliners, Mantua makers, Mercers and such as deal in 
 the small wares of vanity." 
 
 The year ends with a letter from Mr. Nathaniel 
 Hooke— 
 
 " Cookham, December 22, 1754. 
 
 " Madam, 
 
 " If it were not for a certain text of Scripture, 
 I should be very impatient for the time to come 
 when I must be in London for some days. The idea of 
 
 VOL. II. F 
 
66 MR. HOOKE. [Ch. I. 
 
 Hill Street and what is to be seen and heard there, is 
 very lively and pressing. But alas ! What says St. 
 John the Divine ? Little children keep yourselves from 
 Idols. If you can satisfy my conscience in this point I 
 shall be much obliged to you, and I beg you will study 
 it thoroughly, and let me have your Resolution by a 
 line, directed to be left at Mr. Watson's in Cavendish 
 Street. 'Tis uncertain just now when I shall move, but 
 I think it will be some time this week. Till then I am 
 not your religious worshipper, but Madam, 
 
 "Your most obliged and most obedient 
 
 and most humble Servant, 
 
 " N. HooKE. 
 
 "Give me leave to add best compliments to Mr. 
 Montagu." 
 
( ^1 ) 
 
 CHAPTER II. 
 
 1755-1757 — IN LONDON, AT SANDLEFORD, AT TUNBRIDGE 
 WELLS, AND WITH THE BOSCAWENS AT HATCHLANDS 
 — LETTERS ON EVENTS OF THE WAR. 
 
 In January, 1755, but with no date of day, is a letter 
 of Mrs. Montagu's to Sarah Scott on Lord Montfort * 
 committing suicide after gambling heavily. 
 
 " I imagine that you will be glad to hear the history 
 of the times, which indeed bring forth daily wonders ; 
 nor is it the least that the most profound arithmetician 
 and the greatest calculator, one who carried Demoivre's t 
 ' ProbabiHtes de la Vie Humaine ' in his pocket, never 
 foresaw that spending ten times his income would ruin 
 his fortune, and that he found no way to make the book 
 of debtor and creditor even, but paying that debt which 
 dissolves all other obligations. You will guess I mean 
 Lord Montfort and his pistol. He had not discovered 
 any marks of insanity, on the contrary, all was deliberate, 
 calm and cool ; having said so much of his indiscretion, 
 I think, with the rest of the world, I may acquit him of 
 the imputation of cunning and sharping, but what can 
 one say in defence of a conduct that had all the appear- 
 ance of deep knavery and the consequences of incon- 
 siderate rashness and folly. . . . Many reasons have 
 
 * Lord Montfort shot himself on January i, 1755, at White's Coffee 
 House, after playing whisk all night. Vide Horace Walpole's " Letters 
 to George Montagu," vol. i. p. 252. 
 
 t Abraham Demoivre, born 1677, died 1754. Great mathematician ; 
 wrote " The Doctrine of Chances," etc. 
 
68 LORD MONTFORT'S SUICIDE. [Ch. II. 
 
 been given for his Lordship's violent act, but by what I 
 learn from those best acquainted with his person and 
 fortune, he was not under the pressure of any very 
 heavy debt, but had a true Epicurean character, loved a 
 degree of voluptuousness that his fortune could not 
 afford, and a splendour of life it could not supply, 
 much of his relish for the world was lost, and like 
 one that has no appetite to ordinary fare, chose to 
 rise from table unless fortune would make him a feast. 
 . . . When Lord Montfort's children were paid their 
 demands on his estate, I hear he had only ;^i200 a year 
 clear, and in table, equipage and retinue he equalled, 
 and in the first article perhaps excell'd, the largest for- 
 tunes. To retrench or die was the question, he reasoned 
 like Hamlet, but left out the great argument of a future 
 state." 
 
 In the same letter is — 
 
 " I have lately been engaged in a melancholy employ- 
 ment, condolence with poor Mr. and Mrs. West on the 
 loss of their son, who died of a bilious fever, occasioned 
 by his want of attendance to the jaundice, which attacked 
 him in the season of plays and Operas, and he preferred 
 them to the care of his health ; he died very suddenly, 
 the poor parents bear the blow with surprising patience. 
 Mr. Lyttelton * is going to S. Carolina as Governor, and 
 his sister dreading such a separation desires to accom- 
 pany him. 
 
 " Pray have you read Mr. Hume's History of James 
 L and Charles I. ? I am afraid it will rather promote 
 Jacobitism, but it is entertaining and lively and will 
 amuse you. ... I suppose you know there are two 
 volumes of Madame de Sevigne's letters come out this 
 winter ; they are amusing as the anecdotes of a person 
 one has a great regard for, but they were rejected in 
 former editions as not being so brilliant as those pub- 
 lished before. My brother Robinson is emulating the 
 
 * This was William Henry, brother of Sir George Lyttelton. 
 
I7S50 MRS. POCOCKE. 69 
 
 great Diogenes and other budge Drs. of the Stoic 
 fur ; he flies the delights of London and leads a life of 
 such privacy and seriousness as looks to the beholder 
 like wisdom, but for my part, I think no life of inaction 
 deserves that name." 
 
 This is the first mention of Matthew's increasing 
 love of retirement and the hermit-like habits which he 
 adopted at Horton. 
 
 In March occurs a long letter from Mrs. Pococke, of 
 Newtown, the very learned lady mentioned before. She 
 dispensed money for charitable purposes given by Mrs. 
 Montagu. She mentions that her son. Dr. Pococke, is 
 coming for a few days to see her before going abroad, 
 " probably for the last time, unless I live to the age of 
 the late Bishop of Man." She mentions having walked 
 eight miles that day as an excuse for bad writing, which 
 was superfluous, as her handwriting is amazingly good 
 and clear, and she was between eighty and ninety ! 
 Mens Sana in corpore sano ! 
 
 On June 9, presumably in this year, Mrs. Montagu 
 writes — 
 
 " I suppose you know that Lady Sandwich has at 
 last left her kind Lord. To complete the measure of 
 of his good usage, he keeps her daughter to educate 
 with the Miss Courtenays. I hope her Ladyship will 
 be happier than she has been for many years, she has 
 nothing to harass her but the apprehensions for Lady 
 Mary, but God knows that is a dreadful object. She 
 has taken a house at Windsor for the summer." This 
 daughter died June 25, 1761. 
 
 And in the same month to Sarah Scott, she says— 
 
 Mrs. Boscawen and Miss Pitt came from Hatchlands 
 to London to spend two days with me; we went to 
 
70 LORD BALTIMORE'S HOUSE. [Ch. IL 
 
 Vauxhall each night, and Mrs. Anstey and I went with 
 them as far as Epsom : we saw Lord Baltimore's house, 
 [^sic] which speaks bad french, so I will not rehearse what 
 I saw there. Why should I teize your imagination with 
 strawberry colour'd wainscotts, doors of looking-glass, 
 fine landskips on gilt leather, and painted pastorals with 
 huge headed Chloes and gouty legg'd Strephons, with 
 french mottoes to explain those tender glances. We 
 were glad to quit this palace of bad taste for a little 
 arbor in the garden of the inn at Epsom. The Sunday 
 following Mr. Montagu and I went to dine with Mr. 
 Bower at Sidcop, his little habitation has the proper 
 perfections of a cottage, neatness, chearfulness, and an 
 air of tranquillity, a pretty grove with woodbines twin- 
 ing round every Elm, a neat kitchen garden, with an 
 Arbor from whence you look on a fine prospect. Here 
 he may write of heresies and schisms, of spiritual pride 
 and papal usurpations, while peaceful retirement and 
 the amenity of the scene about him, rob controversy of 
 its acrimony, and allay the bitterness of censure by a 
 mixture of gentle pity." 
 
 Writing to Mrs. Boscawen from Sandleford, June 19, 
 Mrs. Montagu begins— 
 
 " ' When the Mower whets his scythe, 
 And the Milk-maid singeth blythe, 
 And every Shepherd in the dale 
 Under the Hawthorn tells his tale,' 
 
 there am I, and no longer in the sinfuU and smoaking 
 City of London ; this happy change was brought about 
 on Tuesday, by very easy and speedy measures. We 
 got into our post-chaise between 10 and 11, arrived at 
 Maidenhead Bridge about one; were refreshed by a 
 good dinner, and amused by good company. Mr. Hooke* 
 meeting us at our inn, we staid with him till after 5, and 
 about ten arrived at Sandleford. ... I have not for these 
 
 * He was then living at Cookham. 
 
I755-] SANDLEFORD. ^\ 
 
 ten years been so early in the Season at Sandleford, and 
 it appears therefore with greater charms. It cannot 
 afford to lose any of its natural beauties, as it owns 
 none to Art, it is merely a pretty shepherdess, who has 
 no graces but those of youth and simplicity ; but my 
 dear Mrs. Boscawen may turn it into a paradise when 
 she pleases. When may I hope to see her here. ... I 
 spent two days at Wickham last week ; our good friends 
 had left the Archbishop of Canterbury only a few days 
 before I went to them. Mr. West seemed a good deal 
 affected by this return to Wickham, as to Mrs. West I 
 cannot so well judge, the cheerfulness she puts on is 
 ouM. . . . Mr. West told me he would alter the room 
 where poor Dick dyed, for he did not like to go into it, 
 and then a soft tender shower fell down his cheeks, he 
 added he had lost much of his relish for Wickham ; how- 
 ever on the whole I found them better than I could have 
 expected ! " 
 
 Directly after this. West was ordered to Tunbridge 
 Wells, where he was accompanied by Lady Cobham, 
 Miss Speed, and his wife. He writes to Mrs. Montagu 
 that he hopes she will like a long stay in the country, 
 as its tranquillity will not 
 
 " produce the same effect which an Admiral of my 
 acquaintance found from the tranquillity of his friend's 
 house in the country, to which coming directly from his 
 ship, where he had been so long accustomed to noise 
 and bustle as to be grown fond of it, said, after having 
 passed a restless night, 'Pox on this house, 'tis so 
 quiet there is no sleeping in it' " 
 
 To this letter she answers — 
 
 "Mr. Montagu has been studiously disposed ever 
 since we came to Sandleford, so that I pass seven or 
 eight hours every day entirely alone. Five months are 
 to pass before I return to the Land of the Living, but 
 
72 MR. TORRIANO'S MARRIAGE. [CH. II. 
 
 I can amuse myself in the regions of the dead : if it rains 
 so that I cannot walk in the garden, Virgil will carry 
 me into the Elysian fields, or Milton into Paradise." 
 
 Mention is also made of Sam Torriano's engagement 
 to Miss Scudamore, "who is said to have been hand- 
 some, and it was on both sides a marriage of inclination. 
 He has delicacy enough to make him very happy or 
 very miserable, and restlessness enough to be very 
 uneasy in a state too insipid to allow of neither." 
 
 Mrs. Montagu might well make this remark on 
 Torriano's marriage, as her friend Sir George Lyttel- 
 ton's * second matrimonial contract had by mutual con- 
 sent ended in a separation. In a former letter it will 
 be remembered that the haughty tone and unpleasant 
 manners of the lady were commented on. It was a case 
 of incompatibility of temper and thought, and a constant 
 imagination of bad health on her part. Lady Lyttelton 
 was a great friend of the Wests, and from a letter of 
 Lyttelton's to West of this year it is evident that a little 
 coldness, which did not endure long, had sprung up 
 between West and his friend. 
 
 On July 8 and July 14 Sir George Lyttelton writes to 
 Archibald Bower a complete diary of his tour in North 
 Wales, accompanied by " Parson Durant and Mr. Payne." 
 These letters Bower gave to Mrs. Montagu. They con- 
 tain many messages to the " Madonna," but are, though 
 interesting, too long to insert here. At this period West 
 was at Tunbridge Wells, seeking health, but depressed 
 at the absence of Pitt, Lyttelton, Torriano, and, above 
 all, Mrs. Montagu; and from this letter it appears that 
 1750 was the year in which they first made friends at 
 Tunbridge. " Where are the happy seasons of 1750, 
 1751, 1752, and 1753 ?" he cries. "In the 'Stone House' 
 
 • With Miss Rich, daughter of Field-Marshal Sir Robert Rich. 
 
I755-] MR. WEST ILL. 73 
 
 are Mr. Walpole and Lady Rachel, persons with whom 
 I have no concern." The only people he now consorts 
 with are Mrs. Vesey, to whom he talks of Mrs. Mon- 
 tagu, "we both love and honour you;" and Bishop 
 Gilbert and his daughter.* The Bishop of London 
 was expected. West laments " a difficulty of breathing, 
 accompanied with wheezing," he thought asthma. " The 
 Doctors said Hysterical as only fit for petticoats ! " 
 They prescribed assafcetida, valerian, and gum ammo- 
 niac. He laments that Torriano "has done the irre- 
 vocable deed, and is married on ;£'Soo per annum." 
 
 In Mrs. Montagu's answer to West of July 13 she 
 laments Torriano's marriage not only as 
 
 " the world will lose him, but as he is to lose the world, 
 which with all its faults is not to be entirely quitted; 
 man and wife should always have something to charge 
 with their ennui, the impertinence of society bears the 
 blame very well, in solitude they must accuse each other 
 of all they suffer of it. I do not understand why they 
 should live in Herefordshire, unless they are very fond 
 of cyder, for, in my opinion, London is the best place for 
 people of moderate circumstances. In the country people 
 are respected merely according to the acres they possess, 
 an equipage is necessary, and company must be enter- 
 tained at a great expense. ... I am afraid his friend 
 Stillingfleet t has left Herefordshire. . . . Last Tuesday 
 Mr. Botham came hither, as did Dr. Gregory,! an in- 
 genious agreeable man. Miss Pitt § has arrived here 
 to my great joy, and we are to go to Hatchlands on 
 Thursday." 
 
 * Miss Gilbert became Countess of Mount Edgecurabe. 
 
 t Dr. Benjamin Stillingfleet, born 1702, died 1771. Author of 
 " Calendar of Flora," etc.,. and a prominent member of the Bas Bleu 
 circle. 
 
 J Dr. John Gregory, physician and miscellaneous writer ; Professor of 
 Philosophy at Edinburgh. 
 
 § Mary Pitt, sister of Mr. W. Pitt. 
 
74 HATCHLANDS. [Ch. II. 
 
 Hatchlands, near Guildford, belonged to Admiral 
 Boscawen. Writing thence to her husband Mrs. 
 Montagu says — 
 
 " We were received by Mrs. Boscawen with the most 
 joyful welcome, as we found her in great spirits on 
 account of the taking of the two French men of war. 
 Mr. Hoquart had been taken twice by Mr. Boscawen in 
 the last war, but did not surrender himself in this engage- 
 ment till 44 men were killed on board of his ship. Mr. 
 Boscawen writes that he lived at great expence, having 
 1 1 French officers at his table, whom he entertains with 
 magnificence, and there were 8 companies of soldiers on 
 board the Alcide and the Lys. I hope as Admiral Holborn 
 has joined Mr. Boscawen, we may soon hear of a more 
 considerable victory. . . . The Duke* declares himself 
 well pleased with Mr. Boscawen for his enterprise. . . . 
 Mr. Boscawen was very much concern'd that the Dauphin, 
 which had stands of arms and some silver on board, has 
 escaped by means of a fog. ..." ■ 
 
 On July 27, to West, is this — 
 
 " Monsieur Mirepoix t threatened us with la guerre la 
 plus sanglante qui fut jamais, but by his depit I imagine 
 the French would have been better pleased if we would 
 have let them silently and quietly possess themselves of 
 the West Indies. 
 
 " I walked round the park this morning, it does not 
 consist of many acres, but the disposition of the ground, 
 the fine verdure and the plantations make it very pretty : 
 it resembles the mistress of it, having preserv'd its native 
 simplicity, tho' art and care has improv'd and soften'd it, 
 and made it elegant." 
 
 She mentions a miserable inn on Bagshot Heath, 
 which they drove over, "situated in the middle of a 
 
 * Duke of Cumberland. t The French ambassador. 
 
I75S-] SHEEP LEAS. 75 
 
 dreary Heath, which has been famous for robberies and 
 murders. The inn has for its sign the effigies of a man 
 who practised this dreadful trade 40 years." 
 
 Whilst at Hatchlands Mrs. Boscawen took her guest 
 to Sheep Leas, belonging to Mr. Weston, also to Sir 
 John Evelyn's and Mr. Hamilton's places. Of Sheep 
 Leas, in a letter to Sarah, who was with Lady Barbara 
 at Badminton, is this description — 
 
 " The Sheep Lees consists of a most beautiful down, 
 adorn'd with noblest beeches, commanding a rich gay 
 and extensive prospect, a prodigious flock of sheep 
 enliven the scene; it has a noble simplicity, and one 
 imagines it to be the abode of some Arcadian Prince. . . . 
 Our next visit was to Sir John Evelyn's,* you pass over 
 a high hill, finely planted, at the bottom of which lies the 
 good old seat, which is venerable and respectable, and 
 put me in mind of the song of ' the Queen's old Courtier,' 
 and it has a library of good old books, handsome apart- 
 ments furnished and fitted up just as left them by their 
 ancestor, the Sylvan Evelyn, t I cannot but own that 
 tired of papier mache ceilings and gilt cornices, I was 
 glad to see an old hall such as ancient hospitality and 
 the plain virtues of our ancestors used to inhabit before 
 country gentlemen used to make fortunes in Parliament or 
 lose them at ' White's,' hunted foxes, instead of Ministers, 
 and employ'd their finesse in setting partridges. The 
 garden at Sir John Evelyn's is adorn'd with jets deaux 
 in the old style, then you pass on to the woods, which 
 are great and noble, and lye on each side a fine valley." 
 
 Mrs. Ann Evelyn is mentioned as deserving this 
 habitation. 
 
 " Pray follow me to Mr. Hamilton's : % I must tell you 
 
 * Leigh Place. 
 
 t John Evelyn, born 1620, died 1706. Author of the " Sylva, or Dis- 
 course on Forest Trees," etc., etc. 
 X Painshill. 
 
;6 PAINSHILL. [Ch. II. 
 
 it beggars all description, the art of hiding art is here 
 in such sweet perfection, that Mr. Hamilton cheats him- 
 self of praise, you thank Nature for all you see, tho' 
 I am inform'd all has been reformed by Art. In his 
 300 acres you have the finest lawns, a serpentine river 
 playing in the sweetest valley, hills finely planted, which 
 command charming prospects, winding walks made gay 
 with flowers and flowering Shrubs, part of a rude forest, 
 sombre woods, a river deep and still, gliding round the 
 woods and shaded by trees that hang over the bank, 
 while the serpentine river open and exposed to the sun, 
 adorn'd with little Islands and enlivened by waterfowls, 
 gladdens the vallies." 
 
 At the end of this letter mention is made of Travile, 
 a poor lady originally recommended by Lady Sandwich 
 as lady's-maid to Mrs. Montagu. She was dying of con- 
 sumption. Three doctors had treated her, and now Dr. 
 Gregory put her on a diet of vegetable and asses' milk. 
 
 Mr. Botham, writing from Albury, July 23, 1755, 
 says — 
 
 " A Captain Cunningham past through Guildford last 
 night express from the Governor of Hallifax in Nova 
 Scotia with advice that Col. Warburton of the land 
 forces had taken a fort at the back of Louisbourg called 
 Bouche, (by the bye the most material Fort belonging to 
 the French settlements), 500 men and 20 cannon; that 
 the Colonel had blocked up Louisbourg by land, and 
 Admiral Boscawen had done the same by sea ; that the 
 town was very bare of provisions and must soon sur- 
 render, and the sooner as the Colonel has turned in the 
 500 brethren to help to consume the faster ; so that there 
 is great reason to suppose we shall soon be masters of 
 Louisbourg, and the Admiral of the 4 French men of war 
 blocked in the Harbour. We have taken papers of the 
 utmost consequence, which let us into the secret 
 schemes of the French, which were nothing less than a 
 
175S-] READING. ^^ 
 
 design of taking all our Plantations from us in America, 
 and Hallifax in the first place, was destined for destruc- 
 tion." 
 
 West, writing on August 22 from Tunbridge Wells, 
 mentions that Lady Cobham and Harriet had left them 
 for Stoke, Mrs. Vesey was returning to Ireland, and the 
 Bishop of London had just left, " but while he was here 
 put into my hands some sheets of a third Volume of 
 Discourses now printing, which, as I had the chief hand 
 in prevailing upon him to publish, I received as a mark 
 of his regard for me." The bishop was then in very bad 
 health. West was persuaded by the three doctors, 
 Duncan, Burgess, and Morley, to stay on at Tunbridge 
 Wells. 
 
 In a letter to Miss Anstey, who was with her friends. 
 Lord and Lady Romney, at Brighthelmstone, Mrs. 
 Montagu says that Miss Pitt had left her to join her 
 brother, Mr. Pitt, and Lady Hester, at Sunninghill.* 
 Mrs. Montagu accompanied her as far as Reading, 
 
 " where we dined in the garden of the inn, from whence 
 there is a fine gay prospect, and after dinner we 
 walked to see the ruins of the old Abbey, which was 
 most delightfully situated. The river winds about the 
 richest meadows I ever saw ; hills crowned with woods 
 and adorn'd by some gentlemen's houses bound the 
 prospect, and make it the most soft and agreeable land- 
 scape imaginable." 
 
 She and Mr. Montagu were contemplating visiting 
 Mrs. Scott and Lady Bab Montagu at Bath Easton, 
 " but I do not propose to leave poor Travile as long as 
 she continues in this life ; her end draws very near." 
 The invalid seems to have been most religious, and one 
 
 * Sunning Hill, at that time rising in repute for its mineral wells. 
 
78 MRS. SCOTT'S DAILY LIFE. [Ch. II. 
 
 learns that by her request Mrs. Montagu nightly read 
 her the Service for the Sick. 
 
 On September 26, West informs Mrs. Montagu that 
 the Archbishop of Canterbury * had written to tell him 
 of the release of Governor Lyttelton, who, with his sister, 
 had been taken prisoners by the French in the Bland- 
 ford, which was conveying the Governor to his province. 
 South Carolina. This was William Henry, brother of 
 Sir George, and his sister Hester. The Blandfofd was 
 soon after this given up by the French. Mary Pitt, 
 writing to Mrs. Montagu, said that Governor Lyttelton's 
 only loss was his wine and provisions on the Blandford, 
 he having sent most of his baggage by another ship. 
 
 Mr. Pitt was then at Bath, while Lady Hester awaited 
 her confinement at the Pay Office, of which Pitt was then 
 master. Miss Pitt says, the sudden arrival of Governor 
 Lyttelton "has proved very fortunate for Sir George 
 at Bewdley,t where, by the Election of a Bayliff, the 
 Borough was gone, if his brother had not thus dropt 
 out of the clouds to give his vote and the turn to the 
 scale." 
 
 Travile becoming slightly better, Mrs. Montagu went 
 to Bath Easton to visit Mrs. Scott and Lady Bab Mon- 
 tagu. In a letter to Dr. Gilbert West, October 16, after 
 her return to Sandleford, the following account is given 
 of the life led by the two lady friends : — 
 
 " My sister rises early, and as soon as she has read 
 prayers to their small family, she sits down to cut out 
 and prepare work for 12 poor girls, whose schooling 
 they pay for; to those whom she finds more than 
 ordinarily capable, she teaches writing and arithmetic 
 herself. The work these children are usually employed 
 in is making child-bed linen and clothes for poor people 
 
 * Rev. Dr. Thomas Herring. t Bewdley, Worcestershire. 
 
I75S-] MISS POCOCKE. 79 
 
 in the neighbourhood, which Lady Bab Montagu and she, 
 bestow as they see occasion. Very early on Sunday 
 morning these girls, with 12 little boys whom they also 
 send to school, come to my sister and repeat their 
 catechism, read some chapters, have the principal 
 articles of their religion explained to them, and then are 
 sent to the parish church. These good works are often 
 performed by the Methodist ladies in the heat of en- 
 thusiasm, but thank God, my sister's is a calm and 
 rational piety. Her conversation is lively and easy, and 
 she enters into all the reasonable pleasures of Society ; 
 goes frequently to the plays, and sometimes to balls, 
 etc. They have a very pretty house at Bath for the 
 winter, and one at Bath Easton for the summer; their 
 houses are adorned by the ingenuity of the owners, but 
 as their income is small, they deny themselves unneces- 
 sary expenses. My sister* seems very happy; it has 
 pleased God to lead her to truth, by the road of afflic- 
 tion ; but what draws the sting of death and triumphs 
 over the grave, cannot fail to heal the wounds of dis- 
 appointment. Lady Bab Montagu concurs with her in 
 all these things, and their convent, for by its regularity 
 it resembles one, is really a cheerful place." 
 
 Writing to Sarah Scott of their safe return from Bath 
 Easton, Mrs. Montagu says — 
 
 " You would hardly imagine that the calm, meek Miss 
 Pococke t is as great a heroine as Thalestris, Boadicea, 
 or any of the termagant ladies in history. One Wednes- 
 day night, she was awaken'd by a robber, who threw 
 himself across her bed and demanded her money ; she 
 started up, seized him with one hand and rang her bell 
 with the other, and held him till the maid came into the 
 room, but at last he broke from her, and by the ill- 
 
 * Mrs. Scott described their life in her novel, " Millenium Hall, by a 
 Gentleman on his Travels," 1762, — as there was a popular prejudice then 
 against a female author. Doubtless many of the histories are true in it. 
 
 t Daughter of Mrs. Pococke, of Newtown, and sister of the bishop. 
 
80 GARRETT WELLESLEY. [Ch. II. 
 
 management of her assistants made his escape. He is 
 our late Gardener's son, whom you may remember a 
 boy in the gardens, his name Moses. He attempted to 
 break open our house two nights before, opened the 
 parlour sash, but could not force the shutters, which I 
 am glad he did not do, for any alarm to the poor sick 
 woman would have been a grievous thing." 
 
 Mrs. Donnellan, in a letter from Fulham, August 
 28, reproached Mrs. Montagu "for not having visited 
 Mrs. Southwell and me, for actually from Bagshot to 
 her house is not quite 3 miles and a straight road. . . . 
 My very near relation and friend, my Lord Mornington * 
 and his son t and my godson young Wesley, are at 
 London and come often to me." 
 
 " I shall hope to make you acquainted with them 
 next winter; you have known my regards to them, the 
 son is the best creature I ever knew of his age, his whole 
 attention is to make his Father as happy as he can, who 
 is greatly hurt since the death of his daughter, Mrs. 
 Fortescuct The young man's behaviour to me is like 
 a tender child to a parent, so you may believe he must 
 engage me ; he says he shall not think of marrying till 
 he is of age, and assures me I shall have a negative in 
 his choice, you may believe he is not likely to meet one 
 from the ladies as his estate will be a good ten thousand 
 a year all within 25 miles of Dublin. . . . The Duke and 
 Duchess of Portland, and the Marquis, and young ladies 
 have been at D'Ewes § at Wellesbourne in a tour." 
 
 Mrs. Donnellan was in very bad health at this time. 
 Now occurs a joint letter from Mr. Bower and Sir 
 
 * Baron Mornington, cousin through the Ushers to Mrs. Donnellan. 
 
 t Garrett ff if j/ify, or Wellesley, ist Earl Mornington; famous for his 
 musical talent ; father of the Duke of Wellington. 
 
 % Elizabeth Wesley, married in 1743, Chichester Fortescue, of 
 Dromisken. 
 
 § Mrs. D'Ewes, n^e Granville, sister of Mrs. Delany's. 
 
17SS-] HAGLEY. 8 1 
 
 George Lyttelton on October 6; the first writing in 
 Italian from Hagley. Bower calls Hagley, "questo 
 Paradiso ed O ! Madonna che paradiso ! Non v'e luogo 
 sulla terra piu degno di tal nome." Further on he 
 assures her that the first volume of the " Life of Henry 
 II." which Sir George was engaged upon, should, 
 as soon as printed, be sent to her. Sir George 
 adds — 
 
 " Till Bower came we were very uneasy at your not 
 writing a line to Miss West, nor am I yet without great 
 anxiety for fear that your attendance on the Deathbed 
 of your servant should hurt your health. The goodness 
 of your heart, most amiable Madonna, is too much for 
 its strength. I hope by this time your servant is re- 
 leas'd from her sufferings here, and you from the sight 
 of them ; otherwise I am sure this melancholy office of 
 Virtue and Friendship will cost you dear. I do not 
 blame your obeying the impulse of that most sweet 
 Nature which is all tenderness and Benevolence; but 
 remember you have other friends interested in your 
 health, and for whose sake you ought to take care of it. 
 I have a looo more things to say to you, but there is a 
 country gentleman just come to visit me whom I must 
 attend, and Bower brought me his letter, so that the 
 post is just going out. I shall be in London at latest 
 by loth of November. I need not tell you that Mr. Pitt 
 has made Fox, Secretary of State. After a hard struggle, 
 I have secured my Borough of Bewdley. Adieu, this 
 vexatious man will have me come to him, and the post 
 will not wait." 
 
 On October 15, Admiral Boscawen writes to inform 
 Mrs. Montagu of the birth of a daughter stillborn, but 
 that Mrs. Boscawen was doing well. 
 
 On October 20 West writes to say that Miss Pitt 
 
 " is gone this morning to congratulate Lady Hester and 
 
 VOL. II. G 
 
82 EXPECTED INVASION. [CH. II. 
 
 her brother on the birth of a daughter * of which Lady 
 Hester after a hard and long labour was delivered on 
 Saturday. . . . Miss Pitt returns to us after she has 
 paid her compliments to the happy Father and Mother, 
 and taken an exact survey of this future fair and fine 
 lady." 
 
 In a letter to Mr. West of November i, after con- 
 gratulating him on the birth of Miss Pitt, Mrs. Mon- 
 tagu says — 
 
 "I wish her nurse in the first place, and then her 
 governess, would keep a journal of all the instructions 
 the young lady has, and all her employments, and the 
 world might get a better treatise of education than any 
 yet extant. Mr. Pope says of Voiture ' that trifles them- 
 selves were elegant in him,' a moderate praise to a man 
 who dealt only in trifles, but Mr. Pitt mixes the elegant 
 with the sublime." 
 
 Great fears were entertained at this time of an 
 invasion by the French. Mrs. Medows writes from 
 Chute to say her brother-in-law, Sir Philip Medows 
 
 "has with a grave face told me that in troublesome 
 times such places as Conhault Farm often escaped, by 
 being unseen and out of the way, as it possesses both 
 these advantages, I hope we shall have the benefit of 
 them, and seriously offer you our retreat if anything 
 should happen to make you prefer it to being near a 
 town." 
 
 At last, Travile having breathed her last, and Parlia- 
 ment being summoned, the Montagus started for London 
 on November lo, dining that night with Miss Anstey at 
 her new house. Mrs. Montagu tells Mrs. Scott that 
 
 * This was Hester, who became Lady Mahon, afterwards Stanhope, 
 mother of the celebrated Lady Hester Stanhope. 
 

 
 ^^^1 M ^^^^^^^^^^^1 
 
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 mtki- ' ai^^^Hi^l 
 
 i'a '-^a-ru-th. i^'t.n^ 
 
 
 
 , yart'ix^Ji^ and -hiA uyLf&- 
 
I7S5-3 MR.. GARRICK'S PLAYHOUSE. 83 
 
 " I find the town very busy ; the men are full of 
 Politicks, the Ladies of the Birthday Cloaths. New 
 Ministers and new fashions are interesting subjects, but 
 I hear Messrs. Legge, Pitt, and Grenville, tho' against 
 the subsidy, are not to be turned out. What gives me 
 most concern is Mr. Boscawen's delay ; the Admiralty 
 do not know where he is or what he is doing, he may 
 be gathering laurels, but as they are a deadly plant, I 
 could wish he was at his inglorious fireside. I am very 
 uneasy for the poor woman (Mrs. Boscawen) who is 
 still at Portsmouth, if any accident should happen to 
 him I should go post to her. It is thought that a 
 certain great, very great Dowager* has given some 
 discontent to her Father-in-law.t I shall call on the 
 Marechalle D'Ancre the first time I go out to hear what 
 they say on the present situation of affairs. I think 
 between his mysteriousness and her openness one may 
 find out something. I don't believe Signor Concini 
 advised the Dowager to off"end the old gentleman. The 
 bell is very clamorous." 
 
 This last sentence I place here, as I do not think 
 I have mentioned that at this period a postman was 
 sent round with a bell to collect all the latest letters. 
 
 " There is a great bustle at Mr. Garrick's playhouse t 
 about some dancers, though they are chiefly Germans 
 and Swiss, the mob considers them French, and I imagine 
 they will be driven off the stage, tho' the dancers and 
 scenery have cost Mr. Garrick an immense sum ; this 
 evening is to decide their fate, and I imagine that at this 
 time there may be a very bloody engagement. I rejoice 
 with you on the gallant behaviour of Captain Stevens 
 animated by your brother, to whom L'Esperance struck 
 to Admiral West,§ but I met Lord Cadogan last night at 
 
 * Dowager Princess of Wales. t George II. 
 
 J Drury Lane rows every night. On November 15 the Galleries were 
 victorious over the young men of quality, who protected the dancers. 
 § Temple West. 
 
§4 THE SUBSIDIES. [Ch. II. 
 
 Mrs. Southwell's, who said the French did not strike till 
 Mr. West came up to them." 
 
 In this letter it is stated that Admiral Boscawen had 
 just returned. 
 
 On November 25, in a letter to Sarah Scott, Mrs. 
 Montagu says — 
 
 " The House of Commons sat till after 5 o'clock in the 
 morning on the motion for the address, which was carried 
 by 311 against 105, there were many speeches made which 
 were talk'd of in all the drawing rooms in town ; with the 
 same cool spirit of criticism you would hear the speeches 
 in a new Play of Mr. Whitehead's,* and Garrick and Mrs. 
 Gibber's manner of speaking them examined. ... I ex- 
 pected to find the town full of the subsidies,! they are 
 entirely forgot and never did the publick stand by more 
 quiet and contented. Mr. Fox and Mr. Pitt say a great 
 many very lively things to each other, which those who 
 are not personally attach'd to either hear with a great 
 deal of pleasure. Messrs. Legge, Pitt, and Grenville 
 are dismiss'd, but no one positively named to succeed 
 them ; Lord Egmont, Lord Dupplin, Mr. Doddington, 
 and Gharles Townsend are talk'd of. Sir George 
 Lyttelton is Chancellor of the Exchequer, which place 
 he was sollicited to accept. I wish the fatigue of it may 
 not impair his health, which is very delicate." 
 
 Remarking on their friend. Miss Grinfield, being dis- 
 missed as Maid of Honour to the Princess of Wales, 
 Mr. Montagu writes — 
 
 " I suppose Lord B(ute)'s interest got Mrs. Ditched 
 her place, there is no man has such instinct for the Heir 
 Apparent as his Lordship. I would have him take the 
 ' Ich dien.' for his motto, he serves and will serve, the 
 
 * Paul Whitehead. 
 
 t Aid to be raised in supplying additional troops and seamen. 
 
I755-] THE EARTHQUAKE AT LISBON. 85 
 
 hour of his ministry will never come. I wish he would 
 leave behind him a treatise on hope, or at least answer 
 Plautus who grossierement decides that hunger, thirst 
 and expectation are the greatest evils of human life. . . . 
 The news will tell you the sad tydings of an earthquake * 
 at Lisbon, some say a 100,000 persons were destroyed 
 by it. The commotion began in the Atlantick Ocean. 
 ... As to the fuss of an invasion, it chiefly possesses 
 those who have money in the public funds, the state of 
 things consider'd it appears probable. The Boom across 
 the Thames perhaps is to hinder such insults from the 
 French as we once receiv'd from the Dutch ; I cannot 
 describe it particularly to you, not having seen it. . . . 
 Lord Templet very generously wrote a letter to Mr. 
 Pitt in polite and earnest terms to desire his acceptance 
 of a ;^iooo a year while he continues out of place. 
 
 " Voltaire, in compliance with the taste of the age, 
 has written a Chinese tragedy, it is called ' L'orphelin de 
 la Chine.' ... I have not seen Dr. Delany's remarks on 
 Lord Orrery's X letters, but they certainly deserved the 
 animadversions of Dr. Swift's particular friend." 
 
 Through Sir George Lyttelton's influence, Gilbert 
 West was reinstated in his office at Chelsea, which from 
 the change of parties would lapse to the paymaster. 
 The following letter from Sir George hints at the trifling 
 coolness between himself and West : — 
 
 " Hill Street, December 13, 1755. 
 
 " My dear West, 
 
 " My endeavours to serve you, which from Lord 
 Dupplin's goodness have proved successful, are indeed 
 marks of affection, but not of returning affection. Mine 
 for you has been constant and uniform. What variations 
 may have happened in yours for me I can't tell. Your 
 
 • Took place November i. 
 
 t Richard Grenville, Earl Temple, brother-in-law to Mr. Pitt. 
 
 % Charles Boyle, 4th Earl of Orrery, bom 1703, died 1731. 
 
86 DEATH OF MR. WEST. [Ch. II. 
 
 behaviour has certainly indicated some, and I could not 
 but observe it. However, I can most truly assure you 
 that one of my greatest pleasures in my present situation 
 has been it's enabling me to show you that my heart will 
 ever be most eagerly warm in your service. Indeed no 
 Friend you have can more honour your vertue or more 
 affectionately desire your happiness than I," etc. 
 
 The last letter of the year, December 31, to West 
 from Mrs. Montagu, contains this mention of Sir George 
 Lyttelton's son, Thomas * — 
 
 " Master Lyttelton paid me a visit yesterday morning, 
 it gave me great pleasure to find he had an air of health 
 and strength beyond what I had ever hoped for him ; 
 every sentence he utters shows an understanding that is 
 very astonishing. Mr. Torriano and Mr. Stillingfleet 
 came in while he was with me, the share he took in a 
 very grave conversation surprized them very much." 
 
 1756 begins with two letters of West's. At the end 
 of January he moved to Chelsea; soon after this a 
 stroke of the palsy brought him to the grave on 
 March 26. 
 
 On March 30 Mrs. Montagu writes to her sister — 
 
 " Ye 30th March. 
 
 " I imagine my dear sister would see a paragraph in 
 the newspaper that would excuse my not having written 
 to her a farther account of my poor friend, Mr. West. 
 On the melancholy event I brought his sister to Hill 
 Street, where she is to stay a few days to recover in 
 some measure the consequences of her fatigue and the 
 shock her spirits have received. Mrs. West is with 
 Lady Cobham. She is sensible of her great loss, but 
 says she will behave under her affliction worthy the 
 
 * Afterwards 2nd Lord Lyttelton. 
 
1756-J MR. WORTLEY MONTAGU'S PAMPHLET. 87 
 
 example of her excellent and worthy husband, and his 
 sentiments of resignation to the will of God, this resolu- 
 tion join'd to natural good spirits and vivacity of mind, 
 supports her in a surprizing manner. I wish the good 
 man could have known she would have endured her 
 misfortune so well, apprehensions for her were all that 
 disturbed the peace, I might almost say the joy of his 
 deathbed. Miss West went thro' the sad duties of 
 nursing with great fortitude, but, she is much affected 
 by her loss ; the Admiral * his brother is in deep afflic- 
 tion, Lady Langhamt finds great resources in a very 
 extraordinary degree of piety. For my part, tho' I went 
 thro' the most melancholy scenes every day between the 
 sick and the afflicted, I have not suffered so much in my 
 health as might have been expected. . . . Lord Chester- 
 field J has gone to Blackheath in a very bad state of 
 health. The King has had an ague but is well again. . . . 
 Mr. Wortley Montagu § has published a pious pamphlet 
 titled, ' Reflections physical and moral upon the un- 
 common Phenomena in the air, water or earth which 
 have happened from the Earthquake at Lima, to the 
 present time.' I think you will send to Mr. Lake's for 
 it, it is written on the Hutchinsonian || principles." 
 
 Miss West being ordered to Bath, Mrs. Montagu gave 
 her an introduction to Mrs. Scott and Lady Bab Mon- 
 tagu, then residing in Beaufort Square, In this letter 
 mention is made of Miss Anstey's death, and her not 
 having left a will. " Poor Mr. Anstey is not likely to 
 survive his sister, he has a violent fever." We also hear 
 of William Robinson, H then recently ordained a curate 
 
 * Temple West. t West's mother, then over seventy, 
 
 J The celebrated statesman, and author of the Chesterfield " Letters " 
 to his son. 
 
 § Old E. Wortley Montagu. 
 
 II Rev. John Hutchinson, born 1674, died 1734 ; author of " Moseis 
 Principia." 
 
 t William was the intimate friend of the poet Gray, who called him 
 the " Rev. Billy." 
 
88 DEATH OF CAPT. ROBERT ROBINSON. [Ch. II. 
 
 at Kensington. William seems to have been rather a 
 souffre douelur all his life, which annoyed his sister per- 
 petually : his harping on small worries and domestic 
 trifles is constantly alluded to. Mr. Botham bids him 
 " fight a good fight, and by diligence and spirit in his 
 curacy to show himself worthy of a good living." 
 
 A heavy affliction now fell on the sisters; early in 
 June came the tidings that their favourite brother Robert, 
 the sea captain, had died at sea. This was acutely 
 felt by Sarah Scott, as he was her favourite brother, 
 probably from being nearest in age to her. 
 
 On June 24, in a letter to Mrs. Boscawen, this sad 
 subject is touched on — 
 
 " I know not how to reconcile myself to the loss of 
 one of the companions of my youth, the recollections of 
 one's earliest season, the spring of life is usually pleasant 
 and gay, but whenever it offers itself to my mind, I cannot 
 help asking where are those who were my playfellows ? 
 Faith should answer, with their Maker, reason, patience, 
 resignation, should take place, but there is a weakness 
 and stubbornness too in the human habit. . . . My poor 
 sister bears her loss patiently, but it touches her heart 
 very sorely." 
 
 Mrs. Montagu had been extremely unwell, and had 
 spent some weeks at Ealing Vicarage, lent to her by 
 Mr. Botham. Dr. Shaw ordered her to Tunbridge Wells. 
 Mrs. Boscawen had asked for her letters to Mr. West 
 to be returned ; Mrs. West promises to do this. At the 
 end of the letter one reads this — 
 
 " Mr. Montagu had just come in from the coffee-house. 
 Mr. Byng's * expedition is unfortunate, not to say dis- 
 graceful, instead of throwing succour into Minorca, it 
 
 • Admiral John Byng, bom 1704, was shot in pursuance of the 
 sentence of a court-martial in 1757. 
 
1756.] ADMIRAL BYNG. 89 
 
 was agreed in the Council of War that as there were 
 18,000 Frenchmen there, it would be these men; then 
 it was agitated whether they should engage with the 
 French, that was also carried in the negative ; the third 
 question was whether they should go to take care of 
 Gibraltar, which was agreed on. Alas ! Alas ! the report 
 to-day is that Admiral West's son is dead : one should 
 lament this if we had not greater reason to lament that 
 the English spirit is dead. Arthur was going to make 
 illuminations and bonfires yesterday, and Lord Anson 
 came in and forbade it." 
 
 A letter to Sir George Lyttelton to Hagley in return 
 for his condolences runs thus — 
 
 " Your publick life will raise a high expectation of 
 your son, it is but just that you should give some of 
 your private hours to qualify him so as to answer it : 
 his happy genius makes him worthy of such a Preceptor. 
 . . . You need but do justice to my affection for him to 
 give me some share of his love." 
 
 Sir George had specially commended his son " Tom " 
 to the " Madonna's " care, and they kept up a corre- 
 spondence. Alas ! that in future years, despite his 
 brilliantly intellectual qualities, and his careful bring- 
 ing up, he should almost break his father's heart by his 
 wild and dissolute life. She continues — 
 
 "Most people think that Mr. Byng will have some 
 good excuse, if not justification, for what he has done ; 
 but however that may be. Sir Edward Hawke * and 
 Captain Saunders (now made an Admiral) are gone to 
 take command of the fleet." 
 
 In a letter of July 28, from Tunbridge to Mr. 
 Montagu, one finds — 
 
 • Afterwards Lord Hawke, bom 1705, died 1787. 
 
90 MR. BOWER'S ENEMIES. [Ch. II. 
 
 "The people at the Walks were all rejoicing poor 
 Admiral Byng was arrested at Portsmouth. I cannot 
 think of him without some compassion, a criminal is 
 not always an object of mercy, but frail man is ever an 
 object of pity. People here seem to think that a shame- 
 ful death must end his shameful life. Birth and Station 
 bring a man into an elevated station, but do not give to 
 him the qualities necessary to become it." 
 
 Lyttelton, in a letter of August 8, writes to the 
 "Madonna," "the Admiral (Temple West) triumphs 
 and pouts, and is gone to George Grenville's * with 
 Jenny Grenville. He blames Byng, though unwillingly, 
 because he would rather condemn those that sent him " 
 
 In another letter is — 
 
 " Dr. Shaw tells me that the mob at Portsmouth 
 would not suffer Mr. Byng to be brought away, lest he 
 should escape punishment. It is said that Mr. Boscawen 
 has taken a great number of Martinico ships, and that part 
 of the Brest squadron have got out, and gone to join 
 M. Galissioniferct Mr. Bower's affidavit has had a very 
 good effect. I hope Mr. Millar has got some of them to 
 distribute among his friends in the country. I am sure 
 his good heart will rejoice to see innocence re-instated 
 in reputation." 
 
 Bower's enemies had set about many evil reports of 
 him at that period, and Mr. Hooke had specially warned 
 Mrs. Montagu against Bower, but she refused to give up 
 her friendship with one who had been introduced to her 
 by the saintly Gilbert West, and was the intimate friend 
 of Lyttelton. Bower's change in religion from Roman 
 
 * George Grenville, born 17 12, died 1770; became ist Lord of the 
 Treasury and Chancellor of the Exchequer, time of George III. 
 t The French Admiral. 
 
1756.] MR. DAVID HUME. 91 
 
 Catholicism to Protestantism exposed him to all the 
 virulence of the priests, who in revenge formulated all 
 sorts of charges against him. 
 
 Mrs. Montagu now took a house on Mount Ephraim 
 at Tunbridge Wells, leaving Mr. Montagu in London, 
 from whence he went to Sandleford. She requiring wine , 
 he sends her, from a "new wine , merchant," Madeira, 
 port, and claret. 
 
 At Tunbridge mention is made of David Hume * and 
 his wife, who were there, the latter in bad health : " I 
 remember her twenty years ago as a fine woman, 
 though swarthy, but she is now a most melancholy 
 object." 
 
 Writing to her husband at Sandleford, she says — 
 
 "Dr. Smith inquired after you this morning, he is 
 much pleased with your present of Dr. Barrow's t bust 
 to the Library.^ ... He is angry with Mrs. Middleton 
 for being so tardy as to Dr. Middleton's bust, at which, 
 I own, I am a little offended. . . . All the people here 
 are impatient for the tryal of Mr. Byng. They say he 
 was surprised at the reception, tho' he had so much 
 reason to expect the treatment he has found. Sir William 
 Milner and his Lady are here, they are people of con- 
 siderable fortune in Yorkshire, they seem very good- 
 natured and obliging." 
 
 Mention is made of Miss Dashwood § being at Tun- 
 bridge, much gone off in looks : " Miss Dashwood dined 
 with me yesterday. This place must appear as melan- 
 choly to a lady who has formerly been a reigning beauty, 
 
 * David Hume, born 171 1, died 1776 ; philosopher and historian. 
 
 t The Rev. Dr. Isaac Barrow, born 1630, died 1677 ; eminent scholar 
 and mathematician ; preceptor of Sir Isaac Newton ; Master of Trinity 
 College, Cambridge. The bust is by RoubiUiac. 
 
 t The library of Trinity College, Cambridge. 
 
 § The " Delia " of Hammond. 
 
92 MR. MORRIS ROBINSON'S MARRIAGE. [Ch. II. 
 
 and is on the decline, as the coronation of an usurper to 
 a dethroned Prince ! " 
 
 During this summer Morris Robinson, Mrs. Montagu's 
 third brother, married Miss Jane Greenland, daughter of 
 John Greenland, of Lovelace, Co. Kent, who was the 
 eldest son of Augustine Greenland, of Belle Vue, Kent. 
 Her mother was Jane Weller, of Kingsgate House, 
 Rolveden, Kent, of a good family. Mrs. Montagu did 
 not like the marriage, though she finally adopted their 
 second son, her nephew,* Matthew Robinson, and made 
 him take the name of Montagu. There never was any 
 cordiality between the sisters-in-law. Mrs. Morris 
 Robinson was a violent-tempered woman, and, despite 
 her good birth, very illiterate, which, to a person like 
 her sister-in-law, was extremely annoying, the more so 
 as Morris was one of her favourite brothers, and 
 extremely clever. As mentioned before, he belonged 
 to the Six Clerks' office, and managed both the legal 
 affairs of the Duke of Montagu and Mr. Montagu. 
 
 Writing from Hagleyt on August ii. Miss West 
 gives an account of her brave young nephew, who had 
 been wounded, not killed, as at first reported — 
 
 "My nephew t is at Portsmouth, not being able to 
 bear travelling. He has been in danger from his wound, 
 it beginning to mortify, but he is now in a fair way of 
 recovery. He has shown a spirit suited to his profession, 
 and to the grandson of Admiral John Balchen,§ for when 
 his Father proposed to send him on board a frigate, with 
 Byng's nephew, who was ordered to leave my brother's 
 ship by his uncle. Admiral Byng, before the engagement 
 began, being, like my nephew, too young to be of use. 
 
 * Succeeded his elder brother Morris as 4th Baron Rokeby in 1829. 
 
 t Sir George Lyttelton's place in Worcestershire. 
 
 t Son of Temple West. 
 
 § Admiral Sir John Balchen, born 1669, died 1744. 
 
I7S6.] MATTHEW ROBINSON'S ECCENTRICITIES. 93 
 
 My nephew remonstrated very strongly, ' that Mr. Byng 
 was only a passenger, but he belonged to the ship he 
 was in, and therefore it would be such a disgrace that 
 he could never show his head again, should he quit it at 
 such a juncture : ' this joined to lamentation and impor- 
 tunity prevailed ; when he received his wound his Father 
 ran to pick him up and said, ' I hope you are not much 
 hurt ? ' 'I believe I am killed, but pray don't mind me. 
 Papa,' answered the poor fellow. . . . Hagley is now 
 blessed with its master, who came on Monday last with 
 good health, looks and spirits. I was glad to see him 
 accompanied by Stillingfleet, so worthy a man deserves 
 such a countenance, and he is so unexceptionable that 
 no censure can arise from any favours confer'd on him." 
 
 Sarah Scott at this time had a dangerous fever at 
 Clifton, where she and Lady Bab had gone to drink the 
 waters. Writing to her, Mrs. Montagu remarks upon the 
 growing eccentricities of their brother Matthew,* who 
 lived upon almost raw meat, and never touched bread at 
 all, considering corn as exotic, and therefore diminishing 
 British trade, at the same time avoiding sugar for the 
 same reason, substituting honey for it. 
 
 He lived in the plainest, simplest manner himself, but 
 was mighty hospitable to all who came to Horton. He 
 gradually pulled down the many walled gardens round 
 the house, as well as hedges, and threw the whole of 
 his grounds into one large park, where his cattle roamed 
 at will. He dressed plainly, and allowed his beard (then 
 an unusual hirsute ornament) to grow; but as Sir 
 Egerton Brydges,t who eventually became his nephew 
 by marriage, remarks, " he carried his hatred of artifici- 
 alities through everything. ... He was the reverse of 
 
 • Afterwards 2nd Baron Rokeby. 
 
 t From Sir Egerton Brydges' " Biography," vide vol. ii. p. 2. Sir 
 Egerton married for second wife, Mary Robinson, niece of Matthew, 
 daughter of Rev. William Robinson. 
 
94 MR. PITT BUYS HAYES. [Ch. II. 
 
 his Father, who was never happy out of the high and 
 polished society and clubs of London, and thought a 
 country life a perfect misery." Matthew was, however, 
 greatly esteemed by his neighbours and constituents, 
 was a great reader, and wrote some clever political 
 pamphlets. 
 
 Mr. Pitt had taken such a fancy to Hayes since Mrs. 
 Montagu had lent him her house there, that he bought 
 it soon after her tenancy expired, as will be seen by 
 this passage in a letter of Bower's to Mrs. Montagu — 
 
 " Mr. Pitt is doing great things at Hayes, he has 
 bought the house, and the house hard by, and some 
 fields. He has built a wall towards the public road 13 
 feet high. He intends to pull down the old house, and 
 build another in the middle of the garden. His neigh- 
 bour Elly asks an exorbitant price for his house, ;^Soo." 
 
 Mary Pitt, writing from Hayes on September 16, 
 mentions she is leaving to go to Howberry to the 
 Nedhams,* in order to make room for Lady Hester's 
 extra attendants, as Lady Hester was expecting her 
 confinement. Mrs. Montagu went for ten days to Bath 
 Easton to see Mrs. Scott. Lord Lyttelton, writing to 
 Mrs. Montagu on October 23, to enquire as to her health 
 and Mrs. Scott's, says — 
 
 "Mr. Foxt has determined to lay down the seals, 
 because he says he has not support or credit sufficient 
 to carry on the King's business in the House of Commons, 
 and Mr. Pitt will not take them under the Duke of New- 
 castle. What will be the consequence of all this I can't 
 tell, my fears are great for the publick, for myself I have 
 none in any event : the worst that can happen to me is 
 
 * Mrs. Nedham was her married sister. 
 
 t Henry Fox, ist Lord Holland, born 1705, died 1774. 
 
I7S6-] VISCOUNT PITT'S BIRTH. 95 
 
 to remain in the office I am in under the Duke of New- 
 castle, but I will remain for the same sense of honour 
 and duty upon which I came into it, if the King and his 
 Grace shall determine to stand the attacks made upon 
 them. How happy are Mr. Stillingfleet and Mr. Tor- 
 riano to enjoy the Madonna's conversation, instead of 
 hearing the nonsensical speculations of the town. . . . 
 Little Tom is quite well and desires his best compli- 
 ments. I am charmed with his sister upon my acquaint- 
 ance with her during her week's stay at Hagley. To 
 make her as perfect as I could wish she wants nothing 
 but the society of the Madonna." 
 
 This was his little daughter Lucy,* afterwards Lady 
 Valentia. She appears to have been brought up at first 
 by the Fortescues, her mother's family. 
 
 On November 4 Mary Pitt writes from Howberry, 
 " I thank you for your congratulations on the birth of 
 my nephew, he seems to give prodigious satisfaction 
 at Hayes." This was John Pitt, afterwards Viscount 
 Pitt ; he was born on October 9. 
 
 On November 6 Admiral Boscawen wrote from the 
 Admiralty Office to Mrs. Montagu, then at Sandleford — 
 
 " Last week the Duke of Newcastle and Mr. Fox 
 resigned, and the following are those that come in : — the 
 Duke of Devonshire, Mr. Legge, Mr. Nugent, Lord 
 Duncannon and Mr. James Grenville for the Treasury ; 
 Lord Temple, Mr. Boscawen, Mr. West, Mr. Thomas 
 Pitt, Dr. Hay, Mr. Hunter, Mr. Elliot of Scotland for the 
 Admiralty ; Lord Bateman, Treasurer of the household, 
 Mr. Edgecumbe, Comptroller of the Household, Lord 
 Berkeley, the band of pensioners, Mr. George Grenville, 
 Treasurer of the Navy, Sir Richard Lyttelton,t the jewel 
 office : these have all kissed hands. Mr. Pitt having the 
 
 * About ten years old then. 
 
 t Brother of Sir George, married the Dowager Duchess of Bridgewater. 
 
96 LORD LYTTELTON. [Ch. II. 
 
 gout at Wickham is not yet Secretary of State. Mr. 
 Amyand is to be a Commissioner of the Customs, Sir 
 G. Lyttelton and Lord Hillsbury have both kissed hands 
 for peerages." 
 
 On November 19 Charles Lyttelton, Dean of Exeter, 
 afterwards Bishop of Carlisle, wrote an almost similar 
 account of the new Ministry, and said — 
 
 "Mr. Pitt was in his bed at Hayes with a sharp 
 attack of gout in his feet ; as soon as he is able to get 
 abroad he will kiss hands as Secretary of State. . . . Sir 
 George's patent for a peerage is making out, which the 
 King granted him in the most gracious manner, which is 
 a solid consolation to him for loss of so considerable 
 employment." 
 
 On November 16 Mrs. Montagu writes to Lord 
 Lyttelton from Sandleford — 
 
 " My Lord, 
 
 " I think you should have written me a letter of 
 congratulation on Sir George Lyttelton's being made a 
 peer : who can feel more joy for any honour, virtue, etc., 
 he obtains? We congratulate our friends on the most 
 transient prosperity, but this peerage is a most solid and 
 lasting advantage, happily timed and accompanied with 
 such agreeable circumstances, on which I reflect with so 
 much sincere satisfaction. ... I imagine when you take 
 your seat in the House of Peers, the ghost of Henry H.* 
 will claim his seat in the Temple of Fame near the 
 Heroes, recorded by Livy and the great Historians of 
 Antiquity, assuring them that your Lordship is making 
 out his Patent for Eternal Fame." 
 
 To this Lyttelton replies — 
 
 * Alluding to Lord Lyttelton's " History of Henry IL" 
 
GEORGE, LORD LYTTELTON. 
 
 [To face p. 96, vol. : 
 
1756.] ADMIRAL BYNG. 97 
 
 "Hill Street, November i8, 1756. 
 " Madam, 
 
 " Whatever advantages there may be in a peer- 
 age, which you set forth with an eloquence peculiar to 
 yourself, mine has given me no greater pleasure than 
 your most obliging congratulations." He then alludes 
 to his principal pleasure being the advantage to his son, 
 whose talents he praises, and continues, "An early 
 acquaintance and intimacy with the Madonna will be a 
 further advantage to him, if she will be so good as to 
 favour him with it, which will form his mind to all that 
 is worthy and noble, and make him amends for the loss 
 of a Mother whose instructions she alone can ever 
 supply." 
 
 Sarah Scott's husband, George Lewis Scott, was now 
 made a Commissioner of the Excise. Writing on Christ- 
 mas Day to Mrs. Montagu, Sarah says about this — 
 
 " Lady Car Fox * told Lady Bab that to her certain 
 knowledge the Prince of Wales t had desired he might 
 not be placed about him, but unless he has committed 
 some very heinous offence against Lord B(ute) I make 
 no doubt of the Princess J providing for him, as the con- 
 trary would be unparalleled, and not to her honour." 
 
 The letters for the year wind up with one from Sam 
 Torriano, of November 13. It begins— r 
 
 " Madam, 
 
 " If the brave and victorious Admiral Byng 
 should be so lucky as to meet with so tender an advocate 
 for him as you have been for me, he stands a good 
 chance of an easy death,§ and so the mob will be dis- 
 appointed, who now wish that everybody may be 
 hanged but himself ..." 
 
 * Daughter of Charles, 2nd Duke of Richmond. 
 
 t Afterwards George III. 
 
 t Widow of Frederick, Prince of Wales. 
 
 § Admiral Byng was shot on his own ship, March 14, 1757. 
 
 VOL. IL H 
 
98 DR. MESSENGER MONSEY. [Ch. II. 
 
 Further he alludes to Pitt being laid up with gout at 
 Hayes, " a legacy you left him," alluding to her formerly 
 owning Pitt's residence at that place. Then he mentions 
 Stillingfleet having been staying at Sandleford, and says, 
 "Monsey swears he will make out some story of you 
 and him before you are much older ; you shall not keep 
 blew stockings at Sandleford for nothing." This is the 
 first allusion to blue stockings, but that Stillingfleet's 
 wearing blue stockings gave the name to the coterie 
 entirely, must be false. He was, however, a very learned 
 man, especially upon botany. In later letters allusion 
 is made to his having left off wearing blue stockings ! 
 The coterie of friends probably was named thus after 
 the famous has bleu assemblies of Paris, held in the 
 salons of Madame de Polignac in the Rue St. Honore, 
 where the wearing of blue stockings was the rage : but 
 Dr. Monsey is mentioned for the first time here. Dr. 
 Messenger Monsey was the son of a clergyman; he 
 was born in 1698, so was fifty-eight years old at this 
 date. He was a doctor and surgeon, and became private 
 physician to the Earl of Godolphin, and afterwards 
 physician to Chelsea Hospital. He was most eccen- 
 tric, and, if his portrait at the Soane Museum was like 
 him, hideous in appearance ; but he had a coarse rough- 
 and-tumble wit, and evidently was so droll in manner, 
 that he became a sort of pet buffoon of the Montagu 
 and Lyttelton circle. His letters are interminably long ; 
 written in such small though neat writing, a magnify- 
 ing glass is required for careful perusal. He was at this 
 time a widower, with one married daughter, Charlotte, 
 whose husband, William Alexander, was elder brother 
 to the 1st Earl of Caledon. Mrs. Alexander had one 
 child, a daughter, Jemima, who married the Rev. 
 Edmund Rolfe, and was mother eventually of the ist 
 Baron Cranworth. Monsey's letters are so coarse one 
 
1756.] EMIN. 99 
 
 can hardly imagine the bas bleus putting up with them. 
 Dr. Monsey begged Dr. Cruickshank, in case of his 
 dying away from his own doctor (Dr. Forster), to dissect 
 his body before the students, set up his skeleton for 
 instruction, and put his flesh in a box and throw it into 
 the Thames. He must either have been very swarthy, 
 or disliked soap and water, as Torriano, in allusion to 
 Monsey's threat of inventing a story about Stillingfleet 
 and Mrs. Montagu, says, " Your fame, which was as fair 
 as Dian's visage, will be soon black and begrim'd like 
 the Doctor's own face ! " 
 
 During this year Mrs. Montagu had also formed an 
 acquaintance with an Armenian named Joseph Ameen, 
 or Emin. He was the son of a merchant, and born at 
 Hamadan, whither his father had been carried captive 
 by the Persians. His father at last escaped to Calcutta, 
 after being slave to Kouli Khan for many years. The 
 Persians, ever since 1604, under Shah Abbas, had 
 frequently made inroads into Armenia, captured the 
 majority of the inhabitants, and carried them away as 
 slaves into Persia. Emin grew up with a passionate 
 desire to free his country from oppression and the 
 yoke of unbelievers, for the Armenians were then, as 
 now. Christians. Emin says of his father in a letter to 
 his patron, the Earl of Northumberland * — 
 
 " My Father taught me like other Armenians only to 
 write and read in our own language, and to get Psalms 
 by heart to sing in Church, but he did not show me how 
 to handle arms to fight for that Church, as my Uncle did 
 who was killed at his Church door, nor anything to 
 kindle up my heart to understand great affairs." 
 
 Burning to learn "the art of war" as practised by 
 
 * Hugh Smithson, the 15th Earl, made Duke of Northumerland in 
 J 766; born 17 14, died 1786. 
 
100 EMIN'S TROUBLES. [Ch. 1 1. 
 
 the British soldiers in India, and his father opposing 
 him, Emin determined on flight to England, and, 
 taking what money he possessed, he "kissed the feet 
 of Capt. Fox of the ship Walpole a hundred times to 
 let me work * my passage to Europe before he would 
 heed to me, but he did at last admit me, and I came to 
 England with much labour." Arrived in England, he 
 entered Mr. Middleton's Academy, and was first a scholar, 
 and then, when his money was exhausted, worked there 
 as a servant for his learning. His master becoming 
 bankrupt, Emin lost his all, and was reduced to the 
 streets. At last he obtained service with a Mr. Rogers, 
 a grocer, as porter. " In this time I carried burthens of 
 near 200 lbs. upon my back, and paid out of my wages 
 to learn geometry, complete my writing, and learn a 
 little French." Overstraining himself, he could no longer 
 carry such heavy burthens, and was reduced to living 
 on i^d. a day, but a friend recommended him to a Mr. 
 Webster, an attorney in Cheapside, with whom he got 
 work for a time. His uncle sent £60 to Governor Davis 
 to take Emin home to India, but after a while, meeting 
 " by chance some gentlemen t who encouraged me and 
 lent me books, and advised me to kiss Colonel Dingley's 
 hands and show him my business, he was a brave 
 soldier, took me by the hand, spoke to his own Sergeant, 
 an honest man, to teach me Manuel Exercise, and gave 
 me ' Bland's Military Discipline ' and promised to help 
 me learn gunnery and fortification." Unfortunately 
 Colonel Dingley died, and Emin, in despair, and by the 
 advice of the gentlemen mentioned before, who appear 
 from the letters to have been a Calcutta lawyer and 
 
 * The passage took from February 3 (from Hoogley) to December 14, 
 — ten months ! 
 
 t The gentlemen were a Calcutta lawyer, Emin, or Joseph Ameen 
 and Edmund Burke, who at once protected Emin, 
 
1756.] EMIN'S FORTUNES. lOI 
 
 Edmund Burke, applied to the Earl of Northumberland 
 in a long letter, passages of which I have quoted. Emin 
 proposes that his lordship should apply to Governor 
 Davis for some of the money his uncle had serit to pay 
 for his passage back to India to enable him (Emin) to 
 join the " black Armenians in the mountains, as I heard 
 they had never been conquered," to teach him the art of 
 war. The Earl of Northumberland at last— after Emin 
 waiting at his house often from lo am. to 6 p.m. ! — took 
 notice of him, and sent his servant to fetch him to see 
 him, and on hearing his story, said, " Ameen, it is very 
 hard to live in this country without friends and without 
 money, almost four years, therefore the Lord is with 
 you, be contented, I will from this time provide and 
 furnish you with all necessaries," and, said he, " I will 
 mediate to the son of our King, and after you have 
 learned the art of war, I will send you to your Father 
 and your Uncles : the noble lady * comforted me also 
 likewise." Lord Northumberland introduced Emin to 
 Sir Charles Stanhope,t and he in turn to Lord Cathcart,t 
 who gave him great encouragement. Lord Northumber- 
 land now introduced him to the Duke of Cumberland, 
 who henceforth took an interest in him. Emin applied 
 for military service in a long letter to Heraclius II., 
 King of Georgia and Armenia, who was anxious to 
 shake off the yoke of the Persians, but evidently the 
 reply was delayed, and the next we hear of him is that 
 he had been sent to Woolwich Academy, "to Mr. 
 Heaton's on Church Hill," to learn the "art of war." 
 Having effected a reconciliation with his father, it is 
 
 * Elizabeth, only daughter and heiress of Algernon Seymour, Duke 
 of Somerset. 
 
 t Sir Charles Stanhope, died 1759. 
 
 t 9th Lord Cathcart, aide-de-camp to the Duke of Cumberland, 
 etc., etc. 
 
102 «MY QUEEN OF SHEBA." [Ch. II. 
 
 interesting to read what presents he desired him to send 
 this noble patron, the Earl of Northumberland— 
 
 " Send to my protector Nobleman, spices of the finest 
 Pulam of Radnagar, 2 pieces of the finest Mul-mul, 
 and 2 pieces of Madras red handkerchiefs, 2 pieces of 
 Cuzombzar Silk handkerchiefs to be ornamented at both 
 ends at Dacca." 
 
 So ends 1756. 
 
 On May 10, 1757, Emin writes from Woolwich to 
 implore Mrs. Montagu to use her influence with her 
 brother-in-law, Mr. Medows, who was intimate with the 
 Duke of Marlborough, to get him a commission in the 
 Royal Artillery, in order to enable him to join the British 
 army then fighting to defend Hanover, and assist the 
 King of Prussia against the inroads of the French. 
 
 This letter, speaking of Mrs. Montagu, addresses her 
 as " My Queen of Sheba," and alludes to all " the noble 
 ladies of her circle," and Dr. Monsey as "my honest, 
 dear Dr. Monsey." 
 
 From a letter printed in my grandfather's collection 
 of his aunt's letters, dated March 8, 1757, but which I do 
 not possess, Mrs. Montagu writes to Dr. Monsey, then 
 at Gog Magog, Lord Godolphin's Cambridgeshire seat — 
 
 "Dear Doctor, 
 
 " That is because you have made me well ! 
 Dear Sir, because you make me laugh ! " 
 
 In this letter, too long to insert here, she says " there 
 have been great efforts to save Mr. Byng." She says 
 Stillingfleet had left off his blue stockings, and was at 
 gay operas and assemblies each night. 
 
 From Windsor Castle, where Lady Sandwich had 
 
I757-] THE WINDSOR ELECTION. 103 
 
 been granted apartments, and was living with her sister, 
 Miss Fane, this interesting letter from Mrs. Montagu, 
 who was on a visit there, is dated — 
 
 " Windsor Castle, Friday. 
 "My Dearest, 
 
 " I know you will be curious to hear how the 
 famous election has been carried at Windsor, and the 
 greatest pleasure I can have is to impart any to you. 
 Mr. Fox* had a majority of 52, the Mayor, who is Mr. 
 Bowles' friend, owns he had a legal majority of nine. 
 The boxers and the bruisers Mr. Fox had on his side 
 beat the Windsor mob out of the Field, but they had 
 once the courage to attack Mr. Fox's person, and pulled 
 off his wig, and threw it in his face. In short the affair 
 has been very tumultuous. The town is quiet, none are 
 actually dead, but four or five are dangerously ill, and 
 the Doctors and Apothecarys had a great harvest of 
 bruises and fractures. . . . The ladies wore party gowns. 
 Fox's is partly yellow and green, and the others blue ; 
 our sex have a wise way of expressing their political 
 principles." 
 
 On June 28, being returned to Sandleford, writing to 
 Mr. Montagu, she mentions — 
 
 " The poor are very riotous on Market days, and it 
 was rumoured, as I am told, that you had some corn in 
 the granary,t and also the same of Mr. Herbert,! at which 
 they were very angry; but I hope they will patiently 
 wait its going to Market, for there is still a great while 
 to Harvest. Corn fell last week, and bears but 8s. 6d. a 
 bushell, but gin and idleness give the poor a riotous 
 and licentious spirit. . . . Lady Sandwich has got a very 
 pretty habitation in the Castle, we went into the little 
 
 * Henry Fox, born 1705, died 1774 ; afterwards Baron Holland, 
 t There was a great dearth of corn at this period, and a bill had to be 
 passed prohibiting exportation. 
 X Mr. Herbert, of Highclere. 
 
104 DR. STILLINGFLEET. [Ch. II. 
 
 park in the evening, that and all I saw of the environs 
 of Windsor delighted me extreamly." 
 
 Mr. Montagu thanked his wife on July lo for telling 
 him about the election, and says, "I hear it cost him 
 (Mr. Fox) ;^30oo, that he gave £$0 apiece for many of 
 his votes, and carried it by 31." 
 
 The first letter of Dr. Stillingfleet's * I possess is 
 written on July 23 to Mrs. Montagu. His handwriting 
 is clear, but he always uses a small " i " alone instead 
 of a capital " I," except at the beginning of a sentence. 
 Portions I copy — 
 
 " I have been at Malvern about twelve days, where 
 with difficulty i have got a lodging, the place is so very 
 full, nor do i wonder at it, there being some instances of 
 very extraordinary cures in cases looked on as despe- 
 rate, even by Dr. Wall,t the Physician, who first brought 
 the waters into vogue. I do not doubt but that the air 
 and exercise, which at present is absolutely necessary 
 here, the Well being at over two miles t from the town, 
 contribute very much towards restoring the health of 
 the patients. The road is very fine, and made on pur- 
 pose for the drinkers. It is on the side of a hill, which 
 i am told is found by exact mensuration in some part to 
 be half a mile perpendicularly high, above a wide plain 
 that lies at the bottom. Towards the well the road 
 ascends considerably, so that i imagine the end of it is 
 not much less than halfway up to the top. A gentleman 
 in the neighbourhood has, at his own expense, made a 
 walk a little above the well ; this walk runs on a level 
 for about 600 yards, winding with the breaks of the hill, 
 
 * Dr. Benjamin Stillingfleet, born 1702, died 1771. Wrote " Calendar 
 of Flora," etc., etc. 
 
 t Dr. John Wall, an eminent physician. First made Malvern known 
 as a Spa, and founded the porcelain manufactory at Worcester. Dr. Wall 
 died in 1776. 
 
 X Matlock Bath now. 
 
I757-] TO "KILLUM." 105 
 
 and makes the noblest terrace i ever saw, the plain over 
 which you look being bounded by some fine hills, and 
 on it, lying on one side, Worcester, on the other Glou- 
 cester. The hill is fed with sheep, here and there some 
 cattle graze, overhead I see my favourite bird, the Kite, 
 sailing, and all the while i tread on porphyry, the con- 
 sciousness of which, you may guess, adds not a little to 
 my satisfaction, when i consider that Princes are proud 
 to have a few pillars of this material. . . . The town lies 
 high on the side of the hill, and still on Porphyry. The 
 church, which stands a little lower, was a Priory. . . . 
 Not far below the Church is a spring of the same nature 
 with that of Tunbridge. ... I wish this place was 
 nearer to London, for it seems exactly adapted to do 
 you good. . . . There is a subscription going forward 
 for building a large lodging-house near the Well. At 
 present there is only one old house in the town, turned 
 entirely to that purpose, which contains about fifteen 
 persons, and one large room in it, where once a week 
 there is a sort of public breakfast and dinner. We have 
 had one public tea-drinking and card-playing in the 
 afternoon, by particular invitation ; to-day it will begin 
 on another footing, and is to be weekly." 
 
 Soon after the receipt of this letter, Mrs. Montagu 
 set out on a visit to Lady Bab Montagu and Mrs. Scott 
 at Bath Easton, and Mr. Montagu, on July 28, writes 
 to say he purposes driving to " Killum " * to see his 
 friend Mr. Stevens.f " Killum " was Culham Court, 
 Berks. George Stevens, a very eccentric character, 
 afterwards, in 1766, published an edition of Shakespeare, 
 and three years later some notes were incorporated in it 
 of Dr. Johnson's. Mr. Montagu writes this description 
 of " Killum "— 
 
 • This would place the building of Culham Court as taking place in 
 1707. See the first line of the next page. 
 t George Stevens, born 1736, died 1800. 
 
ro6 "KILLUM." [Ch, II. 
 
 "His house is a very good one, built about fifty 
 years ago, the rooms large and wainscoated with oak, 
 and three very good bedchambers with beds that at 
 some time cost a good deal of money, but are the worse 
 for time. He has been pulling down walls, and every- 
 thing lyes rough and without order or neatness, and to 
 finish the account of it, very much resembled its owner. 
 Its situation is what I think fine and much pleases me, 
 it is in a Valley which begins at the foot of that hill 
 which we see on Maidenhead Thickett, and goes as far 
 as Henley and further. The Thames runs quite through 
 it, is of good breadth, and with a great number of little 
 islands scatter'd here and there makes a most beautyfuU 
 appearance. On the bank of this river, on a terrass the 
 house is built, it is of considerable extent, and if adorn'd 
 with plantations and buildings would be very pretty 
 and pleasant, but to do this may require a greater 
 expense than may be convenient, so that all he at pre- 
 sent thinks of doing is the improving the lawn. . . . 
 You might blame me if I omitted giving you some 
 account of one of a kind very uncommon. I mean Mr. 
 Hart's* Chinese house. This stands in a beech wood 
 of Mr. Stevens about half a mile from him. Consists 
 of a suite of rooms pav'd with pantyles and hung with 
 paper, and on the outside is embellish'd with very costly 
 decoration of the Chinese manner. Mr. Stevens says 
 the cost has been about two thousand pounds, but I 
 don't believe three would pay for it. It seems to me 
 no more than a whim, and so much money flung away. 
 It stands very high, and has a more extensive view than 
 Mr. Stevens'. It might be agreeable to entertain a 
 company there in the finest and warmest weather, but 
 one cannot think of it as an habitation without shudder- 
 ing. At present no use is made of it ; three servants 
 are kept there who have no other business than to look 
 after the house, keep the wood walks in order, and 
 breed pheasants; in about 15 years the lease expires, 
 
 * This was Rose Hill, built by Governor Hart, now the property of 
 General £• Micklem. 
 
MRS. MARY DELANY. 
 
 [ To face p. io6, vol, ii. 
 
17S7J MR. STEVENS. 107 
 
 and then it comes to Mr, Stevens." Mr. Montagu says, 
 " I have some other thoughts of taking another ramble 
 about the middle of the week to Winchester, and 
 perhaps Southampton." 
 
 Mrs. Montagu had written to ask for a pair of horses 
 and a coachman to be sent to Bath Easton, in order to 
 convey herself and sister to stay at King's Weston with 
 Mrs. Southwell, " a man at Bath Easton will feed each 
 horse at ^d. a day ! " Mr. Montagu sends them, but says, 
 " They may possibly serve to carry you to King's Weston, 
 and bring you part of the way home, but for any expedi- 
 tions out of the Turnpike roads I fear they will not 
 endure it." 
 
 In replying to her husband, the following character 
 of Mr. Stevens is given : — 
 
 "I look upon Mr. Stevens as a man who has dis- 
 franchised himself from all slavery to custom and fashion, 
 and who as seldom brushes up or new trims his modes 
 of living as his coat, but wears both as long as they fit 
 him, in spite of what fops and taylors may say. I hope 
 he will come to Sandleford, for he has parts enough to 
 make his singularities amusing. I dare say he was very 
 happy in the visit you made him, both for the pleasure 
 of your conversation and from a little vanity, for tho' 
 the modes of singularity may give a man an air of de- 
 signing to live alone and of contemplation, in the world, 
 I believe one may venture to say, none are more desirous 
 of regard and notice than those who affect to retire and 
 be singular ; they rather design their peculiarities for a 
 badge of distinction than a line of separation between 
 them and Society ; and a man in low life may go un- 
 garter'd or cross-garter' d, who in another station would 
 have been ambitious of a blue garter, and their install- 
 ment into a particular character is a matter of great wit. 
 . . . We had a report that the Duke had killed 3000 
 French, but he is well off if he can keep on the defensive. 
 
I08 EMIN'S LETTER. [Ch. II. 
 
 I had a letter from Mr. Emin that the Duke of Cumber- 
 land received him in the most gracious manner, and he 
 is so pleased, I believe he thinks one more step will put 
 him on the Persian throne. It is happy to be born of a 
 hoping constitution ; his day dreams are very pleasant. 
 I wish his patriot spirit was communicated to a dozen 
 or two of our great men." 
 
 Emin had joined the English army under the Duke 
 of Cumberland, then fighting the French. On July 30 
 he wrote to Dr. Monsey, enclosing a letter to his 
 patronesses, to be copied for each lady. In the post- 
 script is the first mention of Edmund Burke. 
 
 " Now I would have you ask Mr. Burke's advice 
 about this letter before you coppy it for my friends. 
 Pray don't be mad because my friend is an Irish gentle- 
 man, but I can tell you that he is your beloved son-in- 
 laws * countryman. I dare say you will be mighty 
 pleased at being acquainted with him." 
 
 Emin's letter begins — 
 
 " Limburg, August i, 1757. 
 
 " To all the ladies and Patronesses of Joseph Emin. 
 
 " My NOBLE Ladies, 
 
 " I believe your ladyships have been in a long 
 expectation to hear from this part of the world, more 
 especially of the battle which began on the 23rd of 
 July. In the morning we were ordered out with 25 
 horses and 200 foot irregulars to secure a post, where 
 we found 300 husars and 700 foot soldiers, upon which 
 we began immediately to fire, and they retreated very 
 soon ; and in the afternoon his highness, hearing that 
 the French were advancing with their whole army, 
 
 * Dr. Monsey's only child married William Alexander, elder brother 
 1st Earl Caledon. 
 
I757-] EMIN'S LETTER. 109 
 
 ordered that the part of his army were to advance 
 also, but it was very unlucky for us that our infantry 
 was too late ; and before they could come up, the enemy 
 begun from some distance to fire upon us with their 
 cannon, with no manner of execution. His Royal High- 
 ness thought proper to return to his camp in Aferden. 
 The next day, the enemy, still advancing from their camp 
 at Halla all along the river Vizer,* and were retreating 
 untill we halted upon a high hill with full of trees, and 
 they on another ; were the firing of cannon began again 
 on both sides, and lasted till evening. Our situation not 
 being so well as we could wish, we still retreated till we 
 come to Hamelin,t there we posted the right of our army, 
 and our left at Onsburg, and unfortunate HastenbekJ 
 between us and the enemy, which was soon burnt down. 
 The 25th, about four in the morning, the enemy began 
 to advance with their musicks and drums, making a very 
 great noise, more like Indians than Europeans, and was 
 soon silenced ; as a few of our balls, and cannonading 
 begun of both sides briskly. At that time your slave 
 was upon a hill with no more than 200 irregulars, com- 
 manded by my friend, Major Freydag, a man of good 
 conduct and judgment, where we could see the two 
 armies very plain. It was a place had it not been so 
 dangerous as the cannon balls were flying like so many 
 flies over our heads, I would wish my noble friend ladies 
 who are my patronesses and who are so fond of Heros 
 and hearing of battles, to have seen it, which would 
 really have been worth their while ; then I would have 
 wished again that the heavenly chariots where descended 
 from the gods above, to have transported them to their 
 native and blessed Island, peradventure they should have 
 been in the greatest of dangers, for wee saw about eleven 
 of the clock the enemy with no less than six thousand of 
 Horses and P'oot comming up to us of all sides with a 
 great fury, except a little grass that led us down to our 
 army, but this bravery of theirs was greatly owing to an 
 information which they had of us a day before. Knowing 
 
 * River Weser. t Hamelen. t Hastenbeck. 
 
no EMIN'S LETTER. [Ch. II. 
 
 that we were no more than two hundred men, or else 
 they woud not be so furious in their attack, for they are 
 vastly like the black Indians, fire at a great distance and 
 run away. However, we stood almost half an hour, our 
 men ralyed three times and killed no less than 300 of 
 them ; for our men are brought up from their infantry 
 (sic !) as huntsmen, they never miss their mark. I have 
 seen them shoot at 300 yards' distance ; they are like the 
 mountiniers of Armenia and Dagastun, the French husars 
 run away as soon as they see us. You see, my noble 
 ladies, what great advantage it is to a Nation who has 
 the liberty not only to kill the partridges but to kill as 
 many deers and other animals as they please. The loss 
 of ours was but 20 and 6 wounded, we could not support 
 any longer and where obliged to retreat, and join the 
 army, and about 2 a-clock in the afternoon, the enemy 
 retreated with the loss of eleven cannon, and had taken 
 some of ours, but we retaken them again, but the battle 
 continued still and lasted from 4 in the morning to 6 in 
 the afternoon, the loss of their side was about 3000 and 
 about 1200 of ours, we don't look upon this as a battle 
 in Persia, but as a scarmish (sic !). The inventor of gun- 
 powder tho' he is cursed by many ignorant people but 
 his invention has been a very great service towards 
 preservation of Mankind, gunpowder is a thing which 
 makes a great noise like lightning and thunder keep 
 mankind distant with an awe. 'The thought of gun- 
 powder,' says the great Marshal de Saxe, ' is more than 
 the danger itself I woud wish to have no more than 
 1 500 Persian Horse if it is not too bold and your humble 
 servant the teacher of them, we could soon show the 
 French that the effect of symiters (sic) would be greater 
 than that of gunpowder tho' their number of what we 
 hear is one hundred fifty thousand men and ours are 
 you very well know. At present we are upon marches 
 and countermarches." 
 
 At the end of the letter he says he has received 
 nothing as yet from his royal master, and that if he 
 
1757-] THE HEALTH OF H.R.H.'S LEG. HI 
 
 does not, he must unwillingly return to his father in 
 India, as he will not be a " begar " any longer on his 
 noble patrons. 
 
 This battle was that of Hastenbeck. The Duke of 
 Cumberland had placed the archives and valuable effects 
 from Hanover in the town of Stadt, and from Stadt came 
 a letter from Emin to Dr. Monsey, on September 13, just 
 after the famous Convention of Kloster-Seven had, by 
 the intervention of the King of Denmark, been signed, 
 and peace arranged. In reply to Dr. Monsey's inquiry 
 about the Duke of Cumberland's health, Emin says, 
 " You are desirous to know how my royal master is. 
 Mr. Andrews (valet), with his compts. to you, says 
 his Royal highness's leg is quite well, so you may 
 be easy." 
 
 To return to Mrs. Montagu, staying at Bath Easton, 
 on August I, writing to her husband, she expresses 
 herself uneasy, as Admiral Boscawen was recalled from 
 the fleet, for what he knew not. " Mr. Boscawen will 
 be busy enquiring the cause of his being recalled, he 
 hasimeritand a powerful family, and I hope his ennemies 
 cannot oppress tho' they may oppose him. Do not 
 mention this affair." 
 
 In July Mrs. Morris Robinson had presented her 
 husband with a son and heir, who was christened 
 Morris, after his father, and became eventually 3rd 
 Baron Rokeby. " Morris' little boy goes on well. . . . 
 Mr. Potter made a fine harangue to the Bath Corpo- 
 ration on Mr. Pitt's Election. The circus,* I am told, is 
 but little nearer finish'd than when we were here." 
 
 In the next letter, after comments on the beauties of 
 things at Weston, she writes — 
 
 " Yesterday morning Mrs. Southwell and I got into 
 * The circus at Bath. 
 
112 WORTLEY MONTAGU. [Ch. II. 
 
 her postchaise early, and went to the passage of the 
 Severn, got into the Ferry boat and cross'd over to 
 Chepstow in Monmouthshire, and from Chepstow we 
 went to Mr. Morris' called Piercefield, a place so far 
 exceeding any thing I ever saw or expect to see, I must 
 reserve the description till I see you. A reach of the 
 Severn of forty miles is one of the most inconsiderable 
 advantages of the place, every beauty of land, sea, rocks, 
 verdure, cultivation, old ruins, villages, churches are 
 there in the highest perfection ; the river Wye forms a 
 most beautiful half island in one part as the Severn 
 Sea adorns the other." 
 
 Mr. Montagu replies — 
 
 "On Tuesday night, as I was at Supper about lo 
 o'clock, who should come in to me but my cousin 
 Wortley,* he had been making a visit to somebody near 
 Wallingford ... he missed his way, the roads were 
 so bad and rough that two of the glasses of his new 
 chaize were broken and he could not get any reparation 
 at Newbury." In commenting on political subjects, he 
 adds, " I suppose now everybody will be sensible of 
 the folly we have been guilty of in so long suffering 
 the Wild Boar of Germany to enter and destroy our 
 vineyard." 
 
 Mrs. Montagu answers — 
 
 "I assure you it is with a melancholy pleasure I 
 often look on this charming country, perhaps this is the 
 last summer I may ever be an idle traveller thro' a 
 peaceable country ; however, I have one comfort, that 
 as you are innocent of the evils that may overwhelm us 
 you will the better support yourself and me under them 
 and that the best we can hope is to be tributary vassals 
 
 * Mr. Wortley Montagu, senior, husband of Lady Mary Wortley 
 Montagu, first cousin to Mr. Edward Montagu. 
 
'7S7-] ELIZABETH WILMOT. 1 13 
 
 to France, perhaps they will invade and conquer us, but 
 God forbid." 
 
 Mrs. Talbot,* writing from Barrington,t bids Mrs. 
 Montagu to come and stay with her. The letter is not a 
 remarkable one, but it says, " Have you heard lately 
 from Lady Sandwich ? I find the old Countess J is dead 
 at last at Paris." This was the eccentric Elizabeth Wil- 
 mot, sister of the Earl of Rochester, and grandmother of 
 John, Lord Sandwich, widow of the 3rd Earl. It is said 
 she governed her husband to such a degree that he was 
 almost a cypher and a prisoner in his own house, she 
 being, though an indifferent wife, a most brilliant spirited 
 woman. After her lord's death in 1729, she lived in 
 Paris, where she was the friend of Ninon de I'Enclos 
 and St. Evremont. Both Pope and Lord Chesterfield 
 have mentioned her as extremely spirited and having 
 great intellectual ability. 
 
 Her daughter-in-law, Lady Hinchinbroke, n^e Eliza- 
 beth Popham, lost her husband. Lord Hinchinbroke, in 
 1722, and I have several curious letters written by her to 
 Mrs. Montagu in 1739, respecting her son John, 4th Earl 
 of Sandwich (" Jemmy Twitcher " ). He was then eleven 
 years old, and his mother sent him to sea. Probably he 
 was even then very unruly, but he could not bear the 
 sea, and through Mr. Montagu she applied to their 
 common connection, John, Duke of Montagu, to get 
 him a commission in the Army, buying it "as an 
 ensign in a marching regiment." The duke's reply to 
 this is singularly indifferent in expression, and his 
 spelling terrible. 
 
 On August 6, writing from Bath Easton to her 
 
 * Mrs. Talbot, widow of Edward Talbot, Bishop of Durham. 
 
 t Barrington Park, near Burford, Oxon. 
 
 X She died July 2, 1757, at Rue Vaugirard, Paris. 
 
 VOL. 11. I 
 
114 DESCRIPTION OF EMIN. [Ch. II. 
 
 husband, Mrs, Montagu alludes to the defeat of Frederick 
 the Great at KoUin in Bohemia, on June i8, by General 
 Daun. Emin had written to her, saying — 
 
 " The French seem afraid of us, tho' so much inferior 
 in numbers. ... I hear the King of Prussia takes to 
 himself the whole blame of his disgrace in the late affair, 
 and says if he had followed the advice of the Prince of 
 Bevern, it had not happen'd ; there is something more 
 great perhaps in a Monarch owning his error than in 
 gaining a victory, but it will not have the same effect in 
 establishing his affairs in Germany, so that in his situa- 
 tion the least advantage over the Empress Queen* 
 would have been of better consequence. Sir John Mor- 
 daunt, General Conway,t and Col. Cornwallis are going 
 abroad with some forces as the Newspapers tell us, and 
 the French seem again disposed to disturb us with the 
 apprehension of an invasion." 
 
 Writing to Dr. Stillingfleet on August 7, in return for 
 his description of Malvern, Mrs. Montagu gives this fine 
 description of Emin — 
 
 "Mr. Emin was most graciously received by the 
 Duke, had offers of money and all marks of regard from 
 his Royal Highness, so that his letters express the 
 highest satisfaction . . . there must be a nobler seat 
 than the Persian throne reserved for that fine spirit 
 which, born in slavery and nurtured in ignorance, aspired 
 to give liberty, knowledge, and civil arts to his country. 
 To compass this he risqued his life, and endured the 
 greatest hardships, and ventured all dangers and un- 
 certainties in a country whose very language he was a 
 stranger to ; how different from so many of our country- 
 men, who for little additions of power and greater grati- 
 fications of luxury, in spite of their pride of birth and 
 
 • Maria Theresa, Empress of Austria, born 1717, died 1780. 
 t Seymour Henry Conway, the cousin and bosom friend of Horace 
 Walpole; born 1720, died 1795. 
 
I757-] LADY LYTTELTON'S TEMPER. Ilj 
 
 advantage of a liberal education and the incitements of 
 the great examples of all ages and nations, will hazard 
 enslaving us to a nation our forefathers despised." 
 
 In this letter we learn that Lord Lyttelton had re- 
 turned from a Welsh tour very unwell, had spent two 
 days with her and Mrs. Scott at Bath Easton, en route 
 to Hagley, and that on her return to Sandleford she 
 expected a visit from Dr. Monsey. 
 
 In a letter from Rev. Charles Lyttelton from Hagley 
 of August 17, one catches a glimpse of the second Lady 
 Lyttelton's temper. He says — 
 
 "My brother Lord Lyttelton returned from his 
 Welsh expedition the same day I came home, and you 
 will easily believe how welcome he was to Miss West 
 and me, as we had nobody to converse with or rather to 
 eat vC^ith, but ye amiable Lady of ye house, for she does 
 not deign to converse or hardly say a single word to 
 either of us. On Saturday, Hester * arrived, so we are 
 now a strong party, and her Ladyship may be as sulkey 
 and silent as she pleases. . . . Lord Lyttelton is got 
 pure well." 
 
 This expression is often used in the eighteenth- 
 century writings ; apparently it meant perfect health at 
 that time. 
 
 From Merton, on August 30, Lady Frances Williams f 
 writes to Mrs. Montagu, and in her letter alludes with 
 joy to Emin's safety, and then adds — 
 
 "By the accounts arrived from Lord Loudoun, J the 
 
 * Lady Hester Pitt. 
 
 t Lady Frances Williams was daughter of the Earl of Coningsby ; 
 her husband, Sir Charles Hanbury Williams, was a statesman, poet, 
 and wit. 
 
 X Lord Loudoun, Commander-in-Chief of the English army in America 
 against the French. 
 
Il6 THE HAWKE EXPEDITION. [Ch. II. 
 
 Mediterranean tragedy seems to be acting over again in 
 the American seas. A Council of War was call'd to 
 advise whether the 10,000 men brought to Louisburgh * 
 should be landed or not; it was determined in the 
 negative upon finding the French had 2 more ships than 
 we had. Lord Charles Hay's only entering his protest, 
 and they are returned to Halifax to wait a reinforce- 
 ment. 
 
 " This brings to my mind the death of Admiral West, 
 and the disgust given our friend Admiral Boscawen, 
 which I look upon as a retaliation from the Pittites for 
 the dismission of the former last Spring." 
 
 In a letter from Fulham on September 15 Mrs. 
 Donnellan alludes to the expedition under Sir Edward 
 Hawke f and Sir John Mordaunt against the French, 
 which was kept very secret. 
 
 "They say Sir John Mordaunt said to the officers, 
 ' You will have but a short bout, but it will be a brisk 
 one, and I hope we shall all behave as we ought to.' 
 'Tis supposed we shall hear in less than a week some- 
 thing about it. . . . Whatever it is, Mr. Pit {sic) will 
 either have the glory or disgrace of it, for every one 
 calls it his scheme. The King, they say, had a fainting 
 fit about a week ago as he sat at cards, but is now well 
 and seems cheerful. . . . Lord Bolingbroke and Lady, 
 were in such a hurry of passion they could not wait for 
 settlements but were married upon an Article ; may one 
 not think of an old Proverb, 'Marry in haste.'" 
 
 Lady Bolingbroke was a daughter of Charles 
 Spencer, Duke of Marlborough, and Mrs. Donnellan's 
 
 ♦ Louisburg in Nova Scotia ; the English were attacking the French 
 Canadian Provinces. 
 
 t Sir Edward Hawke commanded the navy, and Sir John Mordaunt 
 the army. It was against the French, and proved a failure, costing nearly 
 a million. 
 
I7S7-] AN HUMOROUS AFFECTION. I17 
 
 prophecy came true, but not till 1768, when she was 
 divorced, and married Topham Beauclerk, son of Lord 
 Sydney Beauclerk. 
 
 On September 15 Mrs. Montagu wrote a long letter 
 to Dr. Stillingfleet from Sandleford. In this she alludes 
 to the humorous affection for her which Dr. Monsey 
 had developed. 
 
 "You must know Sir, Dr. Monsey is fallen despe- 
 rately in love with me, and I am most passionately in 
 love with him, the darts on both sides have not been the 
 porcupine's, but the grey goose quill. We have said so 
 many tender things to each other by the post, that at last 
 we thought it would be better to sigh in soft dialogue 
 than by letter. We agreed to meet, and the rather, as 
 all the lovers we had read of (and being in love with 
 each other only du coti de I'esprit, you may suppose 
 we woo by book) had always complained of absence as 
 the most dreadful thing imaginable. He said, nay he 
 swore, he would come to Sandleford, and twice had 
 named the day, but each time his grand-daughter fell 
 sick, and I know not whether he will keep the third 
 appointment, which is for next Monday. These dis- 
 appointments have made me resolve, and I really believe 
 it will not be difficult to keep the resolution, never again 
 to fall in love with a man who is a grandfather. In all 
 other respects the Doctor is a perfect Pastor Fido, and I 
 believe when we get to Elysium, all the lovers who 
 wander in the Myrtle Groves there will throw their 
 garlands at our feet." 
 
 Further on she alludes to Emin, who was at Stadt, 
 and had written her a most devoted letter. 
 
 "I do not indeed hope to see him on the Persian 
 throne, or giving laws to the East, but I know he sits 
 on the summit of human virtue, and obeys the laws 
 of Him who made that world the ambitious are 
 
Il8 MRS. BOSCAWEN. [Ch. II. 
 
 contending for, and to such only my esteem pays 
 homage." 
 
 In a letter to Mrs. Scott of this period occurs Mrs, 
 Montagu's opinion of the character of her friend, Mrs. 
 Boscawen.* 
 
 "She is in very good spirits, and sensible of her 
 many felicities, which I pray God to preserve to her ; 
 but her cup is so full of good, I am always afraid it will 
 spill. She is one of the few whom an unbounded pros- 
 perity could not spoil. I think there is not a grain of 
 evil in her composition. She is humble, charitable, 
 pious, of gentle temper, with the firmest principles and 
 with a great deal of discretion, void of any degree of art, 
 warm and constant in her affections, mild towards 
 offenders, but rigorous towards offence." 
 
 I make extracts from a splendid letter to Mrs. 
 Boscawen of October 25. Admiral Boscawen had just 
 received a commission rather unexpectedly, owing to 
 the failure of the Hawke and Mordaunt expedition. 
 
 " I am a little uneasy lest the surprize should have 
 hurt you, satisfy me in that matter and my imagination 
 will then sit down and weave laurel garlands for your 
 husband's head, and I too will rejoice in the advantage 
 which I hope his country will reap from his arms, but 
 think me not ignoble if I own, glory is but a bright 
 moonshine when compared to your welfare, and think 
 me not below the standard of true patriotism, if I con- 
 fess, it is for the sake of such as you, my country is a 
 name so dear. I know you are too reasonable to wish 
 Mr. Boscawen might avoid the hazards of his profession. 
 The Duke of Marlbro' his kinsman, lived to old age and 
 survived perhaps all the cowards that were born on the 
 
 ♦ Nie Frances Glanville, daughter of William Evelyn Glanville, of St. 
 Clair, Kent. 
 
17S7-] HER TRUST IN PROVIDENCE. "9 
 
 same day, the accidents of life are more than the chances 
 of war. Be not afraid, but commit it all to the great 
 and wise Disposer of all events ; a firm hope and cheer- 
 ful reliance on Providence I do believe to be the best 
 means to bring about what we wish, and that such con- 
 fidence does it far better than all our anxious foresight, 
 our provident schemes and measuring of security. I 
 remember with sorrow and shame, I trusted much to a 
 continual watching of my son,* I would not have com- 
 mitted him to a sea voyage, or for the world in a town 
 besieged, I forgot at Whose will the waves are still, and 
 Who breaketh the bow and knappeth the spear asunder. 
 What was the reward of this confidence of my own care 
 and diffidence of His who only could protect him? 
 Why, such as it deserved, I lost my beloved object, and 
 with him my hopes, my joys, and my health, and I lost 
 him too, not by those things I had feared for him, but by 
 the pain of a tooth. Pray God keep you from my offence 
 and the punishment of it. I do not mean that you 
 should be void of anxiety in times of hazard, but offer 
 them to God every night and sleep in peace, the same 
 every morning, and rise with confidence. ... I am 
 much pleased with his Majesty's confidence in Mr. 
 Boscawen. . . . 
 
 " The Duke,t it seems, is gone to plant cabbages ; as 
 soon as these great folks are disgusted they go into 
 the country ; the indignant statesman plants trees upon 
 which he wishes all his enemies hanged, his occupations 
 are changed, but his passions not altered. The angry 
 warrior rides a-hunting, ' mais le chagrin monte en 
 croupe et galope avec lui,' nor can the hounds and horn 
 'that cheerily rouse the slumbering morn' content the 
 sense that wants ' to hear piercing fife and spirit-stirring 
 drum.'" 
 
 Not having been well, she adds she is moving to 
 London to consult her doctors, leaving Mr. Montagu 
 
 • Alluding to her only child, John, alias " Punch's " death, 
 t The Duke of Cumberland. 
 
120 THE MORDAUNT AFFAIR. [Ch. II. 
 
 to plant trees, etc., before joining her. "I expect a 
 cargo of Morgans and good folk from Newbury to dine 
 here; I always endeavour to depart the country in an 
 odour of civility." 
 
 A letter from Mrs. Donnellan throws a light on the 
 Mordaunt affair. 
 
 " All I can gather of this most shameful affair is that 
 there will be no more known till there is a publick 
 enquiry,* and then if the scheme is proved by the 
 General Officers to have been impracticable, those who 
 sent them on it must suffer, but if it is found that they 
 might have made more of it, I suppose they will. . . . 
 It will be defered (the enquiry, I mean) till the sitting 
 of parliament. Sir J. Mordaunt and Admiral Hawke 
 have both been to Court, the Admiral was received 
 graciously, the other taken no notice of, 'tis said he 
 stooped to kiss the royal hand, but it was pulled back 
 from him ; wou'd it not have been more kingly to have 
 forbidden his coming ? 'Tis said soon after some of the 
 troops were in the boats in order to land ; there was a 
 council of war called, and when Hawke thought they 
 were landed, they were ordered on board again ; ' tis 
 certain there were 5 or 6 days spent on councils of 
 war, and then Hawke, who was not concerned in them, 
 desired them to come to some resolution, for he wou'd 
 either land them or return home. Colonel Conway, I 
 hear, showed the most spirit, and that our commen men 
 showed no unwillingness to action. . . . The Duke 
 came thro' the city on Thursday at four in the after- 
 noon. I saw some who saw him, there was no sort of 
 notice taken of him ; I think he was well off. I suppose 
 you have seen the King of Prussia's letter to our King, 
 'tis denyed but believed to be genuine. I think your 
 remarks on the correspondence between the King of 
 Prussia and Voltair (sic) very just ; however, I forgive 
 
 • The Mordaunt enquiry iwarrant was not signed till December 3, 
 
 1757. 
 
r rr -i 
 
 
(ooruJ^jr) ^M^dcLL&boru ^/J. 'J'. 
 
 Sm^'W,La^9'i. a& 
 
1757-] MRS. MONTAGU'S ILLNESS. 121 
 
 him some levity when conversed with a wit, and part 
 since he knows when 'tis proper to the King. ... I have 
 got since I came home, Taylor's Sermons, he is so 
 good he frightens me, and so witty he makes me laugh." 
 
 Mr. Montagu, writing from Sandleford on November 
 6, to his wife, mentions Hawke being sent out again 
 with Boscawen, " was a clear proof that they had nothing 
 to impute to him which was faulty." He was busy 
 planting at Sandleford, and said he must get chestnuts 
 and acorns when he came to London, as the last sown 
 had been rotten, " according to Millar the way of trying 
 them is somewhat like that formerly us'd in the case 
 of witches, such of them as swim are to be rejected and 
 those that sink esteem'd good." 
 
 Mrs. Montagu, with the advice of Dr. Shaw and Dr. 
 Monsey, gradually recovered her health. Wormwood 
 draughts were prescribed; her illness appears to have 
 been a nervous fever, with weakness and loss of appetite. 
 Of Dr. Monsey she says, "He has given me as much 
 attendance as if I was a Princess of the blood, tho' I 
 have never given him a fee." Dr. Shaw had been called 
 off to the Duchess of Newcastle at Claremont, who was 
 suffering in the same way. Great discussion is given 
 as to giving of the " bark " without danger, and when to 
 do so. "Dr. Shaw has had six guineas of me, I shall 
 give him no more, I had difficulty to make him accept 
 the last, but he attended me at first twice a day." The 
 Mordaunt affair is alluded to in each letter. In one 
 occurs the following — 
 
 " Lord Chesterfield in a letter from Bath to Lady 
 Allen writes thus : ' Your ladyship may believe all the 
 circles here think they have a right to form sC court- 
 martial to sit on Sir J. M. For my part I wait for in- 
 formation. I can never believe he wants courage or 
 
122 ROSBACH. [Ch. II. 
 
 capacity, as I imagine he will show the scheme was 
 impracticable and they must answer who sent him.' " 
 
 On November 7, Mr. Montagu writes to announce 
 his intention of joining his wife, and adds — 
 
 " I see by the Gazette that the King of Prussia has 
 obtained a great victory over the combined army under 
 Prince Soubise. This is an unexpected event, and must 
 give a turn to his affairs. One thing seems to be col- 
 lected from it, that this enterprising courageous Prince 
 has not made peace nor flung himself into the arms of 
 France as we were given to believe." 
 
 This was the Battle of Rosbach in Saxony, won 
 against the Austrians and French by Frederick the 
 Great of Prussia on November 5, 1757. The year's 
 correspondence ends with a letter to Emin of Lady 
 A. Sophia Egerton, enclosing a letter of recommendation 
 of him to her uncle, Mr. Bentinck, then in diplomatic 
 service in Holland. Emin was going to rejoin the 
 Prussian Army. 
 
( 123 ) 
 
 CHAPTER III. 
 
 ^758, 1759 — BEGINNING OF CORRESPONDENCE WITH MRS. 
 CARTER, WITH DR. JOHNSON, AND WITH BURKE. 
 
 1758 commences with a letter on March 2, from Mrs. 
 Montagu to her husband, who had left London for 
 •Sandleford. In it she says — 
 
 " I shall enclose an Advertizer in which you will 
 find a curious article from Warsaw. It astonished all 
 Europe to find the King of Prussia had got copies of the 
 plans of the Imperial Court and Dresden, the means by 
 which he obtained them are now discover'd. To this 
 contrivance his Prussian Majesty and his Country owe 
 their present being, but one cannot envy the state of a 
 King if it is necessary to take such means for preserva- 
 tion as would startle a vulgar man of Honour. To get 
 false keys to cabinets is but a poor low trick, and it is 
 very strange to see a hero guilty of burglary, but as 
 Mr. Pope observes, ' the story of the great is generally 
 a tale that blends their glory with their shame.' Mr. 
 Stanhope call'd on me as I was writing, and I am to 
 dine with my brother Morris, so must abridge my letter. 
 I can't hear what pass'd in the House of Lords yester- 
 day in Delany's trial. ... I was at the Oratorio last 
 night, where I heard the Dublin man-of-war was sent to 
 Mr. Boscawen to supply the loss of the Invincible. I 
 am to be at Lady Hillsborough's assembly to-night." 
 
 The Delany trial had lasted for nearly ten years. 
 
124 BISHOP CLAYTON. [Ch. III. 
 
 It was on account of Dr. Delany, in inadvertence, having 
 burnt a paper of importance belonging to his first wife. 
 Sometimes it appeared to be at an end, but it was as 
 often renewed. At last, on March 5, Lord Mansfield,* 
 after an hour and a half s speech, decided in favour of 
 Delany. The cost of the suit exceeded the disputed 
 sum, but the relief to the good dean and his wife on its 
 decision balanced everything. 
 
 On March 9 Mrs. Montagu writes — 
 
 " I met Mrs. Delany to-day at Mrs. Donnellan's, and 
 she is very happy, the Irish decree is reversed, tho' 
 even as matters stand, they will have little left when 
 the £7000 is paid. Lady Frances Williams is still in 
 grief for her husband,! who in his madness has writt 
 (sic) letters to half the crowned heads in Europe. I am 
 going to the play to-night, to-morrow I shall give up 
 the Oratorio to stay with Lady Frances Williams as 
 comforter. 
 
 " That bright luminary of the Church, Dr. Clayton, 
 Bishop of Clogher, is dead. . . . The Bishop has left his 
 wife his whole fortune, which is very considerable. It 
 is thought we shall not send troops to the King of 
 Prussia, but whether he will accept of our money J we 
 shall not know till the return of the Express. The King 
 of Pegu has wrote a letter to the King on a gold plate, 
 and the stops are made with rubies ; I should be glad 
 of his correspondence tho' his letters had no wit in 
 them." 
 
 Emin, anxious for re-employment, now addressed Mr. 
 Pitt. The letter was addressed to Mr. Pitt, Secretary 
 of State. 
 
 • " Silver-tongued Murray." 
 
 t Sir Charles Hanbury Williams, poet and writer, had been attacked 
 with madness. 
 
 t Another letter says the King of Prussia will not accept money. 
 
I7S8.] EMIN ADDRESSES PITT. 125 
 
 "Sir, 
 
 " Though I never had the honour to be known 
 to you, yet I have the boldness to write. I have been 
 over a great variety of the world, and have seen much 
 people, but I wanted to see men ; for the Design of my 
 Travel was knowledge, and I thought knowledge of real 
 men was better than books, therefore I have turned my 
 Eyes upon all ways and at last had the great happyness 
 of seeing and hearing you in that potent House of 
 Commons, and there I discovered like the light breaking 
 upon me, what my Friends had often told me, of your 
 great love to your Country and your wise Eloquence 
 that conquers more than the Sword of a Hero. I own 
 I grew a little envious ; for I thought no man loved his 
 country better than I have mine, but I confess it that I 
 am nothing, tho' I have been sailor, porter, slave, and 
 suffered everything in every shape, to make my country 
 what you have made yours. This is my small merit and 
 the only recommendation I can make to you. Sir, I will 
 observe that a cloudy day in winter is light enough to 
 see what is about us and to serve common business, but 
 permitt me to say no man is happy nor in good spirit 
 untill the sun shines out. Then there is joy upon all 
 men's faces. Thus it is, great Sir, with me in this 
 country, I along with the rest in this happy land, find 
 Benefit of the Light you give us all by your great 
 wisdom of governing, but I am not happy, and my Life 
 is dead untill I see the Vezirazam of England. 
 
 " If you do me this high Honour, you will see a poor 
 soldier whose only Fortune is a character with all people 
 which I have been amongst. I was a Porter for learn- 
 ing not for livlihood, and I was honest in that low way. 
 This is known when by the goodness of great Souls I 
 was raised from that. I was not idle nor ingreatefuU ; 
 I have been high and low and I was not bad. When 
 I served the last campaign in Germany, all the officers, 
 both English and the German, will say more of me than 
 I dare think of myself I have, Sir, in my studies for 
 my country, found the way to advance it, and do some 
 
126 EMIN JOINS MARLBOROUGH. [Ch. III. 
 
 service to your noble Nation at the same time. My 
 humble plan for this good design I will do myself the 
 Honour to show to you and be instructed by your great 
 Wisdom and to give me new rights in this great matter. 
 My scheme has two Qualities which make some laugh at 
 me, others seem to like me for it. Whatever it is, it is 
 little without your assistance. If you approve of it, I 
 laugh at those that laugh at me, at any rate I am 
 resolved and nothing shall stop me but Death, which is 
 common to everybody, and an honest Heart need not fear 
 any. I am, with the greatest Respect and Veneration, 
 " Great Sir, 
 " Your most obedient most obliged 
 devoted humble Servant, 
 
 "J. Emin. 
 
 " In the Month of March, 1758, 
 
 " To the R. H. WiUiam Pitt, etc., etc." 
 
 In her next letter to her husband Mrs. Montagu 
 says — 
 
 " Emin dines with Lady Medows to-day, if joy can 
 give appetite, he will make a good meal, for by the 
 solicitation of Lady Yarmouth,* Mr. Pitt has received 
 him, and promised to see what can be done for him, as 
 great minds are akin. Mr. Pitt was much pleased with 
 him. Emin repeated to me his discourse to Mr. Pitt, 
 and it was full of Asiatick fire and figure— if it did not 
 touch the man, it must the Orator. Mr. Pitt made him 
 great compliments. I hope they will be realized, and 
 they surely will if Lady Yarmouth continues her desire 
 to serve him." 
 
 Emin was sent to join the English army under the 
 Duke of Marlborough in their attempted invasion of 
 France at St. Malo, and wrote on June 11 to say that 
 Captain Howe had burnt 73 ships and from 10 to 16 
 
 * Amelia S. de Walmoden, created i74o,Baroness Yarmouth, mistress 
 of George II. 
 
I7S8.] AFFAIRS IN PARLIAMENT. 127 
 
 guns, besides small vessels." After this expedition, 
 Emin joined the army with the King of Prussia. 
 
 Writing to Dr. Stillingfleet on June 13, after alluding 
 to the attack on St. Malo, Mrs. Montagu says — 
 
 " So much for war and war's alarms ; as to our civil 
 occurences, they have been so boisterously carried I 
 need not change the tone of my narrative ; the Judges, 
 the Lord Keeper, the Chief Justice, and the late Lord 
 Chancellor gave their opinions against the Habeas 
 Corpus bill.* Lord Temple, much in wrath, insulted 
 the Judges in some of his questions ; Lord Lyttelton 
 warmly and sharply reproved him upon which words 
 rose high, the House of Lords interfered. The last day 
 of this bill. Lord Mansfield and Lord Hardwicke t spoke 
 so full to the matter, even Tory Lords, and these most 
 violent in their wishes for it, declared they were con- 
 vinced the new bill was dangerous to liberty in many 
 respects, in many absurd; so that had there been a 
 division there would not have been four votes for it, but 
 Mr. Pitt's Party discreetly avoided a division. This 
 affair has not set the legislative wisdom of the House of 
 Commons in a very high light, but the great Mr. Beck- 
 ford,t whom no argument can convince, no defeat make 
 ashamed, nor mistake make diffident, did on the motion 
 for a vote of credit stand up in the House of Commons 
 and say he would not oppose that measure, as he had 
 an opinion of the two Commoners in the administration, 
 but in the Peers that composed it, he had no confidence, 
 and ran in foul abuse of them and then ended with a 
 severe censure of the House of Lords in general. Lord 
 Royston § answered him that this was unparliamentary 
 
 * This was occasioned by a gentleman having been impressed for 
 service in the Navy and illegally detained prisoner. The motion was to 
 administer the Act more decisively. 
 
 t Philip Yorke, ist Earl of Hardwicke, born 1690, died 1764. 
 
 X Alderman Beckford, a remarkable city man and father of the great 
 millionaire and author, 
 
 § Son of the Earl of Hardwicke, eventually 2nd Earl. 
 
128 JOHN ROGERS. [Ch. III. 
 
 where personal, and indecent in regard to the House of 
 Peers in general, to which Mr. Pitt answered with great 
 heat that he was sorry to hear such language from a 
 gentleman who was to be a Peer ; he set forth the great 
 importance and dignity of Mr. Beckford personally, and 
 above all the dignity and importance of an alderman, 
 concluding it was a title he should be more proud of 
 than that of a Peer. This speech has enraged the Lords, 
 offended the Commons, and the City ungratefully say 
 was too gross. Those who wish well to this country, 
 and consequently to a union of parties at this juncture, 
 are sorry for these heats ; it is well if they do not un- 
 solder the Union. ... I began Islington Waters to-day. 
 . . . You make a false judgment of your own letters. I 
 will allow you to say it gives you some trouble to write 
 them, but pray do not assert that I have not great 
 pleasure in reading them ; it becomes not a descendant 
 of the great Bishop Stillingfleet * to tell a fib." 
 
 Mention has been made of Mr. John Rogers, first 
 cousin on his mother's side to Mr. Montagu, also of Mr. 
 Montagu becoming his trustee in 1746, when he was 
 pronounced a lunatic. At first it seems that he 
 suffered from epileptic fits, which increased to lunacy, 
 but of a mild order. On June 23 Mr. Edward Steuart 
 wrote to say Mr. Rogers was seriously ill, and his 
 death expected hourly; he was being attended by Dr. 
 Askew, then a famous north-country doctor, and several 
 surgeons, for a mortification in his leg.t On the 24th he 
 expired, in his seventy-fourth year, at his house in Pilgrim 
 Street, Newcastle-on-Tyne. Mr. Montagu was his 
 principal heir. Mrs. Montagu, in a letter respecting the 
 estate of East Denton, etc., wrote in later days, "Mr. M. 
 
 • Edward Stillingfleet, Bishop of Worcester, author of " Eirenicon," 
 born 1635, died 1699. 
 
 t Mr. Rogers' leg swelling, the doctors feared dropsy, and made him 
 drink two bottles of Hock daily. 
 
BENJAMIN STILLINGFLEET. 
 
 [ To face p. 128, voL it. 
 
1758.] ROGERS' WILL. 1 29 
 
 has half the estate by descent, a share by testamentary 
 disposition, and a part by purchase." Mr. Rogers' 
 lunacy seems to have been made worse by the death 
 of his wife, Anne Delaval, daughter of Sir John Delaval, 
 whom he married in 1713, and who died in 1722-23. 
 His will was made in 171 1, and a codicil added 1715, 
 in which he left his property, after the death of his 
 mother, Mrs. Elizabeth Rogers, to his wife, and failing 
 issue by her, to the Montagus and Creaghs, all first 
 cousins. Mary Creagh had married Dominick Arch- 
 deacon, and her sister Margaret, Anthony Isaacson ; Mr. 
 Montagu's two brothers, Crewe and John, being dead, 
 the only other heir was Jemima, Mrs. Medows, after- 
 wards Lady Medows. The estates were very large; 
 besides Denton, with its coal-mines, houses in Newcastle, 
 and in Bramston, Lamesley, Harburn, Parkhead, and 
 Jarrow, in the county of Durham; lands at Hindley, 
 Sugley, Throckley, Newbiggin, Scotswood, etc., etc. ; 
 collieries and saltpans in Cullercoats, Monkseaton, 
 Whitley, and Hartley, etc., etc. Mrs. Montagu was 
 at Ealing with the Bothams when the express came. 
 She writes to her husband, "It gives me pleasure to 
 think I shall see you with unblemished integrity and 
 unsoiled with unjust gain, enjoying that affluence many 
 purchase with the loss of honesty and honour." 
 
 Her brother Morris fetched her from Ealing in order 
 to accompany her husband to the north. Mr. Rogers 
 was embalmed and buried on July 5 at St. Nicholas' 
 church in Newcastle. The Montagus did not start for 
 the North till Tuesday, August i. A letter from Dr. 
 Monsey of June 26, while staying with the Garricks at 
 Hampton, congratulates Mrs, Montagu on her inherit- 
 ance, but scolds her for leaving her friends to go North. 
 This contains the first mention of his acquaintance with 
 the Garricks, who were great friends of Dr. Monsey's, 
 
 VOL. II. K 
 
130 ELIZABETH CARTER. [Ch. III. 
 
 and he says, " Mr. Garrick * was very near in a apoplectic 
 fit when he found you were gone. . . . Mrs. Garrick t 
 also abus'd herself for not pressing you to return to the 
 Templet and enjoy another half-hour." 
 
 The next letter is the first I possess to Elizabeth 
 Carter, whose learned translation of Epictetus was 
 first printed in April of 1758. Miss Carter, or Mrs. 
 Carter (as courtesy termed her), was the daughter of a 
 clergyman, the Rev. Nicholas Carter, D.D., Perpetual 
 Curate of Deal, Kent, where he resided ; he had been 
 twice married, and Elizabeth was his child by his first 
 marriage. To his children by both marriages Mr. Carter 
 gave an excellent education, and at an early age Elizabeth 
 studied Latin, Greek, and eventually Hebrew. She was 
 a proficient in French, and taught herself Italian, Spanish, 
 and German ; later in life Portuguese and Arabic were 
 added. Her application to study produced severe head- 
 aches, principally brought on by drinking green tea and 
 taking snuff to keep herself awake. It appears that 
 Mrs. Montagu had met her in 1757, but Mrs. Carter had 
 rather avoided such a brilliant acquaintance, being her- 
 self of a most humble and unambitious character, despite 
 her learning. From the following portions of Mrs. 
 Montagu's letter we learn that Miss Carter had been 
 paying her a visit : — 
 
 " Hill Street, July 6, 1758. 
 
 " What must my dear Miss Carter think of the signs 
 of brutal insensibility which I have given in not answer- 
 ing her obliging letter? As my heart has had no share 
 in the omission, I have no apologies to make for it ; no 
 
 * David Garrick, born 1716, died 1779 ; famous actor. 
 
 t Eva Marie Veilchen, or Viegel, known as "la Violette," once 
 an opera danseuse. 
 
 X The temple at Hampton, on the lawn by the river, still existent ; once 
 held Roubilliac's bust of Shakespeare. 
 
1758.] MRS. MONTAGU'S LETTER. 131 
 
 day has passed since you left us in which I have not 
 thought of you with esteem and affection ; I look upon 
 my introduction to your acquaintance as one of the 
 luckiest incidents of my life, if I can contrive to improve 
 it into friendship ; this is, and has been the state of my 
 mind and I am proud of it : as to my conduct in the 
 commencement of our correspondence, I am ashamed of 
 it. I was ill when I received your polite and agreeable 
 letter. I have ever since been drinking Islington waters, 
 from which I receive some benefit, but with this incon- 
 venience, that I am unable to write till late at night, and 
 even then not without headache. The death of a relation 
 of Mr. Montagu's in the North, which happened about a 
 fortnight ago, with a large accession of fortune, has 
 brought me the usual accompaniment of riches, a great 
 deal of business, a great deal of hurry, and a great many 
 ceremonious engagements. The ordering funeral cere- 
 monies, putting a large family in mourning, preparing for 
 a journey of 280 miles, and receiving and paying visits 
 on this event, has made me the most busy miserable 
 creature in the world. As the gentleman from whom 
 Mr. Montagu inherits had been mad above 40 years and 
 almost bed-ridden the last ten, I had always designed to 
 be rather pleased and happy when he resigned his un- 
 happy being and his good estate. I thought in fortune's 
 as in folly's cup, still laughed the bubble joy ; but though 
 this is a bumper, there is not a drop of joy in it, nor so 
 much as the froth of a little merriment. As soon as I 
 rise in the morning, my housekeeper with a face full of 
 care, comes to know what must be packed up for New- 
 castle ; to her succeeds the Butler, who wants to know 
 what wine, etc., is to be sent down ; to them succeed 
 men of business and money transactions ; then the post 
 brings twenty letters, which must be considered and 
 some answered. In about a week we shall set out for 
 the North, where I am to pass about three months in 
 the delectable conversation of Stewards and managers 
 of coal mines, and this by courtesy is called good fortune, 
 and I am congratulated upon it by every one I meet ; 
 while in truth, like a poor Harlequin in the play, I am 
 
132 LORD LYTTELTON TO DR. MONSEY. [Ch. III. 
 
 acting a silly part dans I'embarras des richesses. I would 
 not have troubled you with this detail, but as part of my 
 defence for not having written to you. I can perfectly 
 understand why you were afraid of me last year, and 
 I will tell you, for you won't tell me ; perhaps you have 
 not told yourself You had heard I set up as a wit, 
 and people of real merit and sense hate to converse 
 with witlings, as rich merchant-ships dread to engage 
 privateers, they may receive damage and can get nothing 
 but dry blows. I am happy you have found out I am 
 not to be feared; I am afraid I must improve myself 
 much before you will find I am to be loved. If you will 
 give affection for affection tout simple I shall get it from 
 you " 
 
 Mention is made of Emin's joining the King of 
 Prussia, so he was known to Mrs. Carter, probably 
 through Lord Lyttelton. 
 
 " I have the pleasure of hearing infinite commenda- 
 tions of Epictetus every day ; from such as are worthy 
 I taste a particular pleasure ; from the multitude I take 
 it in the gross, as it makes the sum of universal fame. 
 Some praises I heard a few days ago at the Bishop of 
 London's I put in the first class." 
 
 A most amusing letter from Lord Lyttelton to Dr. 
 Monsey of July 24 now occurs, in which he returns a 
 letter of Mrs. Montagu's to the doctor, and summons 
 him to a duel of words in her praise on Hagley turf. 
 He teases Dr. Monsey with the idea of her going north, 
 and advises him "to quit Lord Godolphin to follow 
 love, follow him over the Cheviot Hills and down to 
 the coal-pits at Newcastle." After a great deal of chaff 
 it ends, " Your most affectionate, humble Servant, — 
 Lyttelton." 
 
 This frightened Monsey, so on July 30 he writes 
 
1758.] MRS. MONTAGU'S SYMPTOMS. 133 
 
 from St. James's and gives her strings of advice as to 
 her health. 
 
 " I know the generality of Physicians will be cautious 
 of blooding you, as being what is called nervous ; I know 
 nothing of nerves in the usual sense of the word, if in- 
 deed it has any precise meaning at all, it is used by the 
 wise to quiet fools, and by fools to cover ignorance," 
 Then he adds in high fever she may be blooded, " s, 6 or 7 
 ounces, and if you flag a blister ! will set matters to right. 
 I say nothing of vomits, you can't bear 'em, but you will 
 gentle purging, your lemon mixture and contrayserva 
 with a little saffron, be cautious of hot medicines, but 
 do not wholly throw them away, as to spasms and 
 cramps they are such Proteuses, one does not know 
 how to catch or hold them. Valerian and Castor are in 
 such reputation for vanquishingthose Hussars. . . . Assa- 
 foetida you can't bear, I wish you cou'd ... if feverish 
 3 spoonfuls of a decoction of the' bark by boyling one 
 ounce and half in a quart of water to a pint, and if your 
 stomach flags put in from 5 to 10 drops of Elixir of 
 Vitriol, so arm'd a common cold will not have courage 
 to attack you." 
 
 Finally he consigns her to a Dr. Ramsay's care, should 
 she require a physician ! 
 
 On August I Mrs. Boscawen wrote from Hatchlands 
 a long letter describing a visit to London. Her letters 
 are sprightly, but too much larded with French words 
 and phrases ; the end is interesting — 
 
 " Enfin we left this dear odious London at 4 in the 
 afternoon, chemin faisant I thought within myself, what 
 if I should meet an express from America, and sure 
 enough upon Cobham Common I met a post-chaise con- 
 taining an officer, on him I star'd attentively, he star'd 
 again ; then he cry'd ' Stop,' I echoed ' Stop,' enfin I heard 
 
134 ON THE WAY NORTHWARDS. [Ch. III. 
 
 him ask ' is Admiral Boscawen's * lady in that coach ? ' 
 I make quick reply in the affirmative, and soon he pro- 
 duced himself at my coach window, and told me he was 
 express sent by the Governor of Nova Scotia with news 
 of our troops having taken the Forts of Beau Sejour and 
 Chignecto, that he attended Admiral Boscawen for his 
 orders twenty-three days ago, and left him in perfect 
 health; he added that Admiral Boscawen had saved 
 North America, where all our Colonies were in the 
 utmost danger, as well as consternation till he came. 
 Papers having been found which showed the French 
 had a design to destroy Halifax, where the people 
 imagin'd the French wou'd let in the Indians to massacre 
 them. . . . ' He added, ' Mr. Boscawen had taken, or as 
 the phrase there is detained, six French merchant ships, 
 and had blocaded Louisbourg.' " 
 
 She adds that her letters from her husband were with 
 Mr. Cunninghame (the Officer), addressed to Mr. Cleve- 
 land, so she let them go, and sent on her black servant 
 " Tom " next day to fetch them, and was going to Ports- 
 mouth to meet the Admiral, who thought he should 
 soon be back. 
 
 To return to the Montagus, they set out on August i 
 for the North, and the first letter is from her to Lord 
 Lyttelton on August 6, from Darlington — 
 
 " I am now about 25 miles short of Newcastle, having 
 travelled above 250 miles since last Tuesday, and am 
 better to-night than I was when I left London, so I will 
 no longer endure that Dr. Monsey shall call me flimsy 
 animal, puny insect, and such opprobrious names. I 
 have had a surfeit of being in a post-chaise, that I have 
 not made many excursions to see the fine places that 
 lay in the road. In my way to Nottingham I went to see 
 
 * Admiral Boscawen, Major-General Amherst, and Brigadier-General 
 Wolfe were combined in this campaign. 
 
I7S8.] MARY WEST. 135 
 
 Sir Robert Clifton's, * which appears to me for beauty 
 of prospect equal to any place I ever saw. You are led 
 to it from the turnpike road by a fine terrace on the side 
 of the Trent. From a pavillion in the garden you see 
 the town and Castle of Nottingham standing in the most 
 smiling valley imaginable, in which the Trent serpentizes 
 in a most beautiful manner. ... I return your Lordship 
 many thanks for having lent me so agreeable a com- 
 panion as Antonio de Solis." t 
 
 To this Lord Lyttelton writes from Hagley on 
 August 17, to say how glad he is she bore the journey 
 so well, and the book entertained her. He had been 
 drinking the waters at Sunning Hill, Berks, and found 
 benefit. In the end of a long letter he writes, "Miss 
 West and Captain J Hood will be as happy next 
 Monday as mutual love can make them." Miss West 
 was Gilbert West's sister, and her future husband. 
 Captain Hood, became afterwards first Viscount Brid- 
 port. Mary West lived till 1786, but had no children. 
 Lord Lyttelton alludes to her not being very young 
 and " having no time to lose." 
 
 In another letter of August 22, written from Lindridge 
 Vicarage, Worcestershire, where the Vicar, Mr. Meadow- 
 court, was a great friend of his Lordship's, he writes — 
 
 " Tom and I came this afternoon to this sweet abode 
 on our way to Hampton Court. ... I told you in my 
 last that Miss West was to be married to Captain Hood. 
 Yesterday I had the pleasure to give her away to him at 
 Hagley Church, after which we made a party to Mr. 
 Shenstone's § Arcadian Farm in very fine weather. The 
 
 * Clifton Hall. 
 
 t " The History of the Conquest of Mexico," by Antonio de Solis, a 
 Spaniard ; born 1610, died 1686. 
 
 X He became the celebrated Admiral Hood. 
 
 § William Shenstone, poet, born 1714, died 1763, His place, the 
 " Leaspwes," adjoined Hagley. 
 
136 ARRIVAL AT CARVILLE. [Ch. III. 
 
 pastoral scene seemed to suit the occasion, and the bride 
 owned to me that the cascades and rills never murmured 
 so sweetly before. . . . The Dean * came to Hagley just 
 time enough to give Hood and her the Nuptial Bene- 
 diction." 
 
 Further on, alluding to Mr. Montagu's going north 
 to take possession of the Rogers' estate, he says — 
 
 " I suppose this will find you, like Guyon in Mammon's 
 Cave, got down the bottom of your mines,t and behold- 
 ing your treasures with all the indifference that the 
 Knight of temperance showed when the Demon of Riches 
 revealed to him his hidden wealth. I paint to myself 
 the wonder and admiration of the subterraneous inhabi- 
 tants when you first came among them. Since the time 
 that Proserpina was carried by her husband to his 
 Stygian Empire, the infernal regions have not seen such 
 a charming goddess. But is it sure they will let you 
 return again to daylight ? Upon my word I am afraid 
 you are in some danger, as the Habeas Corpus Bill was 
 thrown out ; for all the women of the upper world will 
 make interest with the Judges to let you stay there. Yet I 
 verily think Baron Smith will release you in spite of 
 them all, and even if he should fail, you have still a 
 resource, Emin shall come back and deliver you from 
 the Shades as Hercules did Alcestis." 
 
 The best description of the Montagus' arrival in the 
 north is contained in a letter to Dr. Stillingfleet at 
 " Robert Price's, Esqre., Herefordshire," sent open to Dr. 
 Monsey, who forwards it with a few words of his own. 
 It is dated, "Carville, ye 22nd day of Atigust." Carville 
 Hall had been hired by them ; it was situated at the end 
 of the Roman Wall, called Wallsend. Portions of the 
 letter I give — 
 
 * Charles Lyttelton, Dean of Exeter. 
 
 t Denton was, and is, full of coal-mines, copper, etc. 
 
I7S8.] "HURRYS AND CEREMONIES" 137 
 
 "I desired Dr. Monsey to acquaint you with the 
 death of Mr. Rogers. Many letters were to be written 
 in order to procure him most pompous funeral obsequies, 
 according to the fashion of Northumberland, as he was 
 allied to the people of the first rank in the county, and 
 they were all to be at the funeral. . . . The 7th of 
 August at noon we got to Durham, and there began 
 hurrys and ceremonies that have continued to this day, 
 and I know not when I shall see a quiet hour. At 
 Durham we were met by a great number of Mr. Rogers' 
 relations, and the Receivers and Agents of his estate, 
 who attended in great form till we got to Newcastle, 
 where we were to stay two or three days, with a relation 
 of Mr. Montagu's till our house was aired. We had not 
 been an hour at Newcastle before we had the compli- 
 ments of the principal persons of the Corporation and 
 in the town. The next morning visits began. . . . We 
 had fifteen people to dine here on Sunday, a family 
 yesterday, people about business to-day, and three 
 families to dine here to-morrow; in the morning I am 
 up to the elbows in dusty parchments and accounts, 
 after dinner as busy as an hostess of an Inn attending 
 her guests, at night as sick as an invalid in Hospital, 
 and these are the woes of wealth, and I am not une 
 malade imaginaire. . . . Mr. Rogers' family Mansion* 
 having been uninhabited many years, was not fit for our 
 reception, his house t in Newcastle was not agreeably 
 situated for the summer, so we hired a house on the 
 banks of the Tyne for the occasion. It is a very pretty 
 house, extreamly well furnished and most agreeably 
 situated, ships and other vessels from Newcastle are 
 sailing by every hour. The river here is broad and of a 
 good colour, and we have a fine reach of it : we have a 
 very good turnpike road to the sea-side, where I should 
 pass a great deal of my time if it was not all engross'd 
 by company, but we are in the midst of the largest 
 neighbourhood I ever saw, and some of these gentlemen 
 by means of coal mines have immense fortunes." 
 
 * Denton Hall. t In Pilgrim Street. 
 
138 NEWCASTLE. [Ch. III. 
 
 In a letter to her sister, Mrs. Scott, Newcastle is 
 described. 
 
 " The town of Newcastle is horrible, like the ways of 
 thrift it is narrow, dark and dirty, some of the streets so 
 steep one is forced to put a dragchain on the wheels : 
 the night I came I thought I was going to the center. 
 The streets are some of them so narrow, that if the 
 tallow chandler ostentatiously hangs forth his candles, 
 you have a chance to sweep them into your lap as you 
 drive by, and I do not know how it has happened that I 
 have not yet caught a coach full of red herrings, for we 
 scrape the Citty wall on which they hang in great abund- 
 ance. There are some wide streets and good houses. 
 Sir Walter Blackett's seems a noble habitation." 
 
 Mention is made of the Claverings, Bowes, and Lord 
 Ravensworth calling. 
 
 In a letter of August 25 to Mrs. Carter, Mrs. Montagu 
 tells her, that en route to Newcastle, she had visited "Al- 
 thorpe, the seat of Mr. Spencer, worthy of regard only 
 on account of a very fine collection of pictures. The 
 park is planted in a dull uniformity, the ground flatt 
 {sic), little prospect, has not the advantage of a river or 
 lake." After repeating the details of her journey, she 
 adds that Denton Hall 
 
 " had not been inhabited for 30 years, the poor 
 gentleman having long been a lunatick, so I imagined 
 the rats and ghosts * were in such full possession, it 
 would require time to eject them, and I am now placed 
 as I could wish, being within 4 miles of Tinmouth. . . . 
 We have a very good land as well as water prospect. 
 We see from our windows the place where once lived 
 the Venerable Bede,t some little ruins show still, I 
 
 * Did she know ? It is supposed to be haunted to this daj'. 
 t The monk Beda, or Bede, born 672, died 735. 
 
1758.] ITS NEIGHBOURHOOD. 139 
 
 believe, where the Monastery stood : the place is called 
 Jarrow, the estate belong'd to Sir Thomas Clavering and 
 the late Mr. Rogers. I shall visit it more from respect 
 to the old Historian than curiosity to see a new 
 possession." 
 
 On August 27 Mrs. S. Montagu wrote to young Tom 
 Lyttelton a long letter describing the country round 
 Newcastle. 
 
 "After dinner I ferried over the river Wear to 
 Sunderland, a good sea-port town. They are making a 
 new pier there, which is done at the expense of the coal- 
 owners, who have mines near the Wear. I got a very 
 pleasant walk on the sea-shore ; several ships were 
 sailing out of the harbour fraught only with the comforts 
 and conveniences of life,ithey carry out coal and salt and 
 bring home money. I question whether those who carry 
 out death and bring home glory are concerned in so 
 good merchandize, though they account their occupation 
 more honourable. On Thursday I went to see Lumley 
 Castle ; it is a noble habitation, but so modernized by 
 sash windows and other fashionable ornaments, I ad- 
 mired it only as a good house. There are many family 
 pictures in the Hall, a succession of 16 Lumleys, all 
 martially accoutred, the Lumley arms on their shields, 
 their figure and attitudes make them look like scara- 
 mouches. They hang so high I could not read the in- 
 scriptions, but I imagine it is intended one should sup- 
 pose each picture was taken from life; but from the 
 dress and character, I am sure they have been done by 
 one hand from the genealogical tree. There are many 
 old pictures in the house, and many fair testimonies of 
 the ancient nobility of the family, but I cannot pass them 
 sixteen * generations. There are large plantations of 
 firs at Lumley Castle, a large park behind the Castle, to 
 
 * She was wrong ; the Lumleys descend from Liulph, a Norman 
 nobleman of merit in 1060. 
 
14° THE CAPTURE OF LOUISBURG. [Ch. III. 
 
 the front a good prospect, and the river Wear at a due 
 distance." 
 
 Mrs. Montagu was connected with the Lumleys, her 
 cousin, Mrs. Laurence Sterne, being the daughter of the 
 Rev. Robert Lumley, of Lumley Castle. At the end of 
 the letter she complains of the tediousness of the post 
 — three weeks before she had any letters from her 
 friends ! 
 
 This accounts for the news of the taking of Louisburg 
 on July 27, under Admiral Boscawen, General Amherst, 
 and Wolfe, not having reached her when she wrote, as 
 Lord Lyttelton wrote to congratulate her on August 22, 
 "upon the glorious success of Admiral Boscawen. I 
 wrote last post to his lady, whom I love for a thousand 
 good qualities in herself and because she loves you. 
 Had her husband commanded in the Mediterranean, and 
 Amherst or W^olfe at Fort St. Philips, we had not lost 
 Minorca." 
 
 In another letter of August 31, Lord Lyttelton having 
 had a pleasant tour to Lady Coningsby's,* where he 
 met Sir Sidney Smith, and to Lord Oxford's,t Brampton 
 Brian, J — 
 
 " I carried Tom with me through the whole tour, and a 
 more delightful fellow traveller I never can have, unless 
 his Mother was raised from the dead or Heaven would 
 give me another Lucy ! Wherever we went he won all 
 hearts, and you may believe mine beat with joy at the 
 sight of his conquests, my only fear is that hereafter he 
 may please the ladies too well. You must instruct 
 him, Madonna, as Minerva did Telemachus to avoid the 
 dangers of the Calypsos he may meet with in his travels, 
 and let him learn by admiring you that no charms are 
 
 * Hampton Court, Herefordshire, built by Henry IV. 
 t Edward Harley, 24th Earl of Oxford. 
 X In Herefordshire. 
 
1758.] TOM LYTTELTON. 141 
 
 truly amiable, but those that are under the government 
 of wisdom and virtue." 
 
 Tom was fifteen at this time, having been born 
 January 30, 1743-4. His father's fears as to his at- 
 tractions for the fair sex were prophetic. 
 
 Tom writes to Mrs. Montagu on September 9, 
 giving her an account of his travels. Here is a descrip- 
 tion of Hampton Court, Herefordshire, the seat of Lady 
 Coningsby — 
 
 " The house stands at the end of a line of regular 
 planted trees, and looks more like a Monastery than a 
 nobleman's house. The garden is very large, and would 
 have been pretty enough if Nature had been left in it 
 unmolested. In the middle of it is a piece of water of 
 about an acre, cut into two square lines, in which, to the 
 astonishment of the beholder, you see Neptune upon his 
 throne, and twenty Tritons waiting behind him. The 
 carver has express'd great fierceness in his countenance, 
 and well may the god who shakes the earth with his 
 Trident, be angry at being confined in a Pool, which 
 would scarce hold two hundred fish. From the garden 
 one might see a noble lawn bounded with an amphi- 
 theatre of wood, was it not for the high Yew Hedges 
 dipt into a thousand ridiculous shapes which hinder the 
 eye from passing them, the park, too, is very large, but 
 so overrun with Bushes that some of the Lawns re- 
 semble bogs. . . . From my Lady Coningsby's we went 
 to my Lord Oxford's, a place where nature has done a 
 great deal, which by a little money judiciously laid out 
 may be made the prettiest ferme omee in England. My 
 Lord's House is a very good one, built in a remarkable 
 good taste for the times of Queen Anne." 
 
 Lord Lyttelton, as usual, adds a few words at the 
 end of the letter, and congratulates Mrs. Montagu on 
 the King of Prussia's " most glorious success, but I am 
 in pain till I hear what has become of Emin.' 
 
142 EMIN DISCONSOLATE. [Ch. III. 
 
 Dr. Monsey writes from Claremont on September 6 — 
 
 " Dear Madam, 
 
 " I should be asham'd of myself to be in the 
 house of a Prime Minister, and not let you know the 
 King sent a long letter from the King of Prussia hither 
 this evening, giving a long detail of his last victory * 
 over the Russians, but it being in French and the Duke 
 of N(ewcastle) not being the best reader, I am unable to 
 give you an account, though my Lord G(odolphin) heard 
 it as well as I, and wou'd have interpreted for me, if he 
 cou'd. However there is an English account too of which 
 I will give you some particulars. Eighteen thousand 
 killed by their own account, 6 generals killed, I don't 
 remember how many wounded, 7 Generals prisoners in 
 the King's Camp, 73 pieces of cannon taken, the military 
 chest with 850,000 Rubles. General Brown killed, re- 
 fusing quarter. The Russian infantry as they had 
 behaved like Bears, fought like Lyons, part of Count 
 Dohna's foot gave way, or else it had been a most com- 
 pleat victory. The King himself took the colours in his 
 hand and brought 'em on again, sure this is too bold for 
 anybody but an immortal and invulnerable. He had two 
 aide-de-camps killed." 
 
 Monsey picked up the cover to the letter, addressed — 
 
 " A Monsieur mon frere, 
 
 " Le Roy de grande Bretagne." 
 
 This he intended to send Mrs. Montagu, but the Duke 
 asked for it. It was sealed with two large seals, the 
 arms and royal Crown under a camp canopy in black 
 wax. 
 
 On September 9 Emin wrote a long letter from the 
 
 Duke of Marlborough's Quarter in Germany, whither 
 
 he had retired disconsolate at not being allowed to 
 
 fight in the battle by General Yorke, Lady Anson's 
 
 * Battle of ZomdorfF, fought August 25. 
 
I7S8.] THE KING OF PRUSSIA. 143 
 
 brother, to whom he had been recommended by her. 
 Meanwhile he had marched four days with the Army, 
 and the King of Prussia had taken notice of him, staring 
 at him hard and saying to Mr. Mitchell he wished he 
 had 12,000 men like him. Emin wished he had a letter 
 to the King, and was furious at General Yorke's for- 
 bidding him to fight; probably the General was too 
 anxious for his safety. The following description of 
 the King of Prussia is so interesting I insert it, the 
 whole letter to Mrs. Montagu, a folio sheet closely 
 written, being too long : — 
 
 " I will do my endeavour to describe the King of 
 Prussia's person, and his way of living. He is no taller 
 than Emin the Persian, he has a short neck, he has one 
 of the finest made heads ever I saw in my life, with a 
 noble forehead ; he wears a false wigg, he has very hand- 
 some nose. His eyes are grey, sharp and lively, ready 
 to pearce one through and through. He likes a man 
 that looks him in the face when he is talking to him. 
 He is well made everywhere, with a bend back, not 
 stupid (sic, stooped ?) at all, like many Europeans. His 
 voice is the sweetest and clearest ever I heard. He takes 
 a great quantity of Spanish snuff, from his nose down to 
 the buckles of his shoes or boots is all painted with that 
 confounded stuff". His hands are as red as paint, as if 
 he was a painter, grizy all over. He dines commonly 
 between twelve and one, and drinks a bottle of wine at 
 his dinner. I was told that he was very unhealthy in 
 the time of peace, but since this war he has grown healthy, 
 and left off" drinking a great quantity of coffee, which he 
 did formerly. All the satisfaction that I have, which is 
 great enough that I have seen Csesar alive, nay twenty 
 times greater, he is more like King Solomon, for he 
 rules his nation by wisdom and understanding. , . . His 
 armies are not only disciplined to the use of arms, but 
 very religious, and say their prayers three times a day : 
 it is never neglected, even when they are on the march." 
 
144 A STRUGGLE FOR LIFE. [Ch. IIL 
 
 Emin winds up with a message of apology to Mr. 
 Burke at not having written to him from want of time. 
 
 Meanwhile his adored Mrs. Montagu had nearly lost 
 her life through the carelessness of a maid. It happened 
 on September 3. Writing to Sarah Scott, she gives this 
 description — 
 
 " On this day sennight at 4 in the morn I was seized 
 with a fainting fit, in which I lay some time, my maids 
 in their fright let the eau de luce fall into my eye, 
 nostril and mouth, my eyes were enflamed and nostril, 
 the mouth and uvula of the throat excoriated. After a 
 long and cruel struggle for life,* a most sharp conten- 
 tion with this medicine, I awaken'd to find myself in 
 this terrible condition. Dr. Askew unhappily lay at 
 Durham that night, so had no assistance till 2 at noon, 
 then I was blooded, which abated the inflammation so 
 far I could articulate. The Doctor told me my safety 
 depended on frequent gargling and drinking, so for, four 
 days, I was never a quarter of an hour without doing 
 so, the spitting was more violent than from a mercurial 
 salivation. . . . When I came out of my fit, to see 
 blood running from eye, nose and mouth drove Mr. 
 Montagu almost distracted, and I knew not which way 
 my agonies would end. . . . Mr. Montagu has shown 
 on this occasion the most passionate love imaginable. 
 Dr. Askew has been very careful, and an excellent 
 apothecary has watched me night and day." 
 
 In a second letter she says, " On the fourth day when 
 I was able to look up I was surprized at the impression 
 concern had made on Mr. Montagu, and I should hardly 
 have known him, he looked 20 years older at least." 
 
 In a letter of Monsey's we learn eau de luce was 
 made of strong sal ammoniac and quicklime. 
 
 Mr. Montagu's sister, now Lady Medows, wrote on 
 
 * For two days her life was despaired of ; for four days she could 
 swallow no solid, and was salivated for a week. 
 
1758.] LADY BURLINGTON. 145 
 
 September 14 to say her brother-in-law, Sir Philip, had 
 
 been nearly killed in the same way by hartshorn. At 
 
 the end of the letter she says, " Lady Bath dyed at two 
 
 this morning of the Palsy." This was the wife of 
 
 Pulteney, Earl of Bath, soon after this to become one 
 
 of Mrs. Montagu's most intimate friends. Lady Bath's 
 
 maiden name was Maria Gumley, daughter and heiress 
 
 of a great glass manufacturer. She had the character 
 
 of great penuriousness, and her husband was credited 
 
 with the same character, but I hope to show later 
 
 that he could be very generous. When the news of 
 
 Mrs. Montagu's accident spread amongst her numerous 
 
 friends, many were the letters of condolence and rejoicing 
 
 at her safety from Lord Lyttelton and a host of others. 
 
 Dr. Monsey had been staying with the Garricks ; he was 
 
 a great admirer of Mrs. Garrick, whom he often quotes in 
 
 his letters. It was whilst staying with them he heard of 
 
 it. Both he and Lord Lyttelton were quite frantic at 
 
 the risk she had run, and distressed at her fainting fit. 
 
 Monsey was suffering from a bad cough, for which, 
 
 when staying with Sir John Evelyn at Wooton, he 
 
 tried bleeding, cathartics, and syrup of white poppies. 
 
 He returned to St. James's, where Mrs. Garrick 
 
 came to sit with him, and cheer him up. In a letter of 
 
 his to Mrs. Montagu of September 23, mention is made 
 
 of Lady Burlington's death. " Lady Burlington is dead. 
 
 Mrs. G(arrick) gets nothing, but rid of her, and that's a 
 
 great deal, I think. She gives the Duke of D. ;£"3000 
 
 per annum . . . not a farthing to any one servant, she 
 
 had some lived with her 20 or 25 years." 
 
 Lady Burlington, widow of the 3rd Earl, the cele- 
 brated amateur architect, was the daughter of William, 
 Marquis of Halifax. On Eva Marie Viegel's * arrival 
 
 * Eva Maria Viegel, or Veilchen, born at Vienna, 1725 ; married David 
 Garrick on June 22, 1749. 
 
 VOL. II. L 
 
146 MRS. GARRICK. [Ch. III. 
 
 in England from Austria, the Empress Queen, Maria 
 Theresa, gave her a recommendation to Lady Burlington, 
 who received her at Burlington House as an inmate. It 
 is said "La Violette," as she was called from her exquisite 
 dancing in the operas, had attracted the Emperor of 
 Austria's attention so much as to alarm the Empress, 
 and that she therefore sought to remove her from 
 Austria. Lady Burlington strongly objected to Garrick's 
 attachment to La Violette, having more ambitious pro- 
 jects for her prot^gie, but it was a true love affair from 
 the beginning even to the end, and not one word could 
 ever be said against Mrs. Garrick; theirs was indeed 
 a love match, and after fifteen years of married life 
 Garrick presented her with a ring on her birthday, 
 with the most touching love verses. From the 
 letters, I gather it was Dr. Monsey who brought 
 Mrs. Montagu into personal intercourse with the 
 Garricks. 
 
 Dr. Monsey was so disturbed at Mrs. Montagu's 
 accident that he wrote almost daily to her, and no one 
 who reads his letters could imagine, however eccentric 
 he was, that he was a free thinker in religion, as is 
 asserted in the " Dictionary of National Biography." 
 His letters are so long that it is impossible to print 
 them in full in this book. He had a bad cough and 
 a sort of vertigo at this time, in the midst of which he 
 was called to the Earl of Northumberland, who was 
 desperately ill, whose sufferings Monsey succeeded in 
 alleviating. In a letter of October 8 we learn that his 
 birthday and Mrs. Montagu's were on the same day, 
 viz. October 2* He promises in joke to marry Mrs. 
 Stuart, a widow lady who had nursed Mrs. Montagu 
 with the greatest attention. To add to Mrs. Montagu's 
 troubles, her faithful housekeeper, Mrs. Crosby, a lady 
 * Monsey, in a letter, said he was sixty-four then. 
 
1758.] MRS. SHERLOCK. 147 
 
 by birth, but reduced to poverty, died of a quinsy in 
 twelve days. 
 
 In a letter of Dr. Monsey's of October 27, mention is 
 made of Lord Godolphin drinking " absent friends " as a 
 toast, coupled with special mention of Mrs. Montagu, 
 and also of Allan Ramsay,* the artist. " Ramsay is one 
 of us, he was born on October 2. I jumped for joy, but 
 hang it, 'tis the old October. I tell him he must be 
 regenerated, become a child of grace, and then he shall 
 be adopted into our family. ..." Dr. Monsey's little 
 grand-daughter " loves Missy Montagu dearly." 
 
 A letter of Atkinson, the farm bailiiT at Sandleford, 
 on October 3, to Mrs. Crosby, the late housekeeper, 
 shows the current price of food : " Everything continues 
 dear for ye pour, and will do so all this winter, I am 
 afraid, befe is sold in our market for ^d. for a pd. 
 Muton 4d. to 4^d., it is beyond pri^e wich I never 
 heard before at this time of ye year, pork and veal Sd- 
 a pound." 
 
 Mrs. Donnellan wrote from Fulham on October 21 
 condoling with Mrs. Montagu on her accident, and the 
 loss of Mrs. Crosby. She says — 
 
 " I told you how near we were losing our respectable 
 friend Mrs. Sherlock, she is now quite recovered . . . 
 they say there never was a more moving scene than 
 between her and the Bishop,t who would be carried up 
 to her in the worst of her illness ; he got hold of her 
 hand and it was with difficulty they could get him to let 
 it go and separate them." (Bishop Sherlock was born 
 in 1678, so was then eighty years of age.) " I went 
 yesterday pour /gayer a little to see Mrs. Spencer J after 
 
 * Eminent portrait painter ; son of the Scotch poet of the same name ; 
 born 1709, died 1784. 
 
 t Thomas Sherlock, then Bishop of London. 
 
 X Nie Georgina, daughter of Stephen Poyntz, of Midgham, Berks. 
 
148 GEORGINA POYNTZ. [Ch. III. 
 
 her lying in, and there is nothing but joy and magnifi- 
 cence ; the child* is likely to live tho' it came, they 
 reckon, six weeks before its time. Mrs. Poinne showed 
 me all the fineries ; the pap boat is pure gold, etc., etc. 
 I like Mrs. Spencer, she is a natural good young 
 woman, no airs, no affectation, but seems to enjoy her 
 great fortune by making others partakers, and happy 
 with herself." 
 
 This was Georgina, nie Poyntz, who had married Mr. 
 John Spencer, afterwards ist Earl Spencer, by whom 
 she had Georgiana, afterwards the beautiful Duchess of 
 Devonshire; George John,t who was born on Sep- 
 tember I, 1758, was the owner of the gold pap boat, 
 and Lady Besborough. Mrs. Donnellan adds — 
 
 " Mrs. Poinne (Poyntz) has the practical moral vir- 
 tues, and when I see her good works I think she is 
 worth a hundred such poor spectators as I am; her 
 present business is attending the foundling Hospital, 
 and she has six and twenty children nursing under her 
 care. . . . The Duchess of Portland and her family are 
 at Bath." 
 
 The next letter is from Lord Lyttelton on October 
 10, full of anxiety as to Mrs. Montagu's health, and 
 urging her to return South as soon as possible. In this 
 he says — 
 
 " You inquire about my new house,| and my His- 
 tory,§ both are going on but the first much faster and 
 better than the other. When the History will be 
 finished I cannot tell, and when it is, I fear it will be 
 little better than a gothick house modernised. The Goths 
 
 * Became Earl Spencer, born September, 1758. 
 t Became 2nd Earl Spencer in 1783. 
 t He was rebuilding Hagley. 
 § His " History of Henry II.'' 
 
1758.] CARVILLE. 149 
 
 will think it too Graecian and the Graecians too Gothic." 
 He winds up with, " Adieu, best Madonna, take great 
 care of yourself, your late danger has shown you how 
 dear you are to your friends. Don't try their affection 
 that way any more." 
 
 Writing on October 20 to Dr. Stillingfleet, who was 
 exploring Wales with Charles Lyttelton, the Dean of 
 Exeter and brother of Lord Lyttelton, Mrs. Montagu 
 says — 
 
 " Carville * is just at the end of the Picts' Wall, it 
 makes part of our enclosures, and we have a Roman 
 Altar in the stables. The din of War has so frightened 
 the rural Deities that even the long time that has 
 passed since the Union with Scotland, has not brought 
 them to make their residence with us. Pan, Ceres, 
 and Pomona, seem to neglect us ; we are under the 
 domination of the god of mines. There is a great deal 
 of rich land in this country, but agriculture is ill under- 
 stood. The great gain made by several branches of the 
 coal trade has turned all attention that way. Every 
 gentleman in the country, from the least to the greatest, 
 is as solicitous in the pursuit of gain as a trades- 
 man. The conversation always turns upon money ; the 
 moment you name a man, you are told what he is 
 worth, the losses he has had, or the profit he has made 
 by coal mines. As my mind is not naturally set to this 
 tune, I should often be glad to change it for a song from 
 one of your Welch Bards." 
 
 Mrs. Lowther had asked her to spend some time at 
 Lowther Hall,t of which she says, " Lowther is much 
 greater than Gibside, which is too great for me." In 
 the next letter of Lord Lyttelton's he mentions Mr. 
 Anson and Mr, Steward being at Hagley — 
 
 * Carville, the house they had hired. 
 t Now Lowther Castle. 
 
ISO "ATHENIAN" STUART. [Cir. III. 
 
 "Stuart seems almost as fond of my hall as of 
 the Thessala Tempe* w^lch I believe you heard him 
 describe when I brought him to see you. ... He is 
 going to embellish one of the Hills with a true Attick 
 building, a Portico of six pillars, which will make 
 a fine object to my new hBuse, and command a most 
 beautiful view of the country. He has also engaged 
 to paint me a Flora and four pretty little Zephyrs 
 in my drawing-room ceiling, which is ornamented with 
 flowers in Stucco, but has spaces left for these pictures. 
 He thinks all my Stucco work is well done." 
 
 This was James Stuart,t nicknamed " Athenian 
 Stuart," traveller and antiquary, author of " The 
 Antiquities of Athens." Alluding to Tom, he says, 
 "Dr. Bernard t offered to putt him into the Remove, 
 but rather advised him to stay in the fourth form in 
 order to learn more Greek, which advice he has 
 prudently and cheerfully followed." 
 
 Mrs. Montagu, being attacked by a choleraic dis- 
 order, which kept her in her room a week, and being 
 still very hoarse from the eau de Luce, Mr. Montagu 
 insisted on her returning to London before himself, so 
 as to be in reach of Dr. Monsey. On November 6, from 
 Wexford, she writes to Sarah Scott to inform her she 
 is returning to London. Mr. Montagu had accompanied 
 her three days' journey ; he then returned to Carville. 
 She had left behind the post-chaise, and travelled in 
 the " body coach, but my horses are so stout I believe 
 they will perform the journey from Carville to London 
 in seven days." En route she picks up Mr. Tom Pitt,§ 
 
 * Mr. Bower's place. 
 + James Stuart, bom 1713, died 1788. 
 t Head-master of Eton. 
 
 § ist Lord Camelford, Thomas Pitt, junior, son of Lord Cobham's 
 brother Thomas and his wife, nie Christian Lyttelton. 
 
I7S8.] VIPER BROTH. ISI 
 
 nephew of Miss Pitt and a friend of his, and carries 
 them to Durham, putting her maid into their post- 
 chaise. "My gentlemen leave me at Stilton, from 
 whence they go to Cambridge." She mentions that 
 Mr. Montagu had bought all the jewels belonging to 
 Mr. Rogers for her, " and to-day intimated he should 
 give me a great purse of old gold which fell to his 
 share in the division; some of the pieces are curious, 
 but there will be between £60 to £70 of money that 
 one may spend with a good conscience." 
 
 Arrived in London, Mrs. Montagu writes to her 
 husband that his sister. Lady Medows,* was in very 
 bad health, and she had recommended her to take 
 " Viper broth ! " if her doctor approved it, " as it is 
 a nourishing food, and by its quality supplies deficiency 
 of food." I believe vipers are still used as medicine in 
 France, but whether in England I know not; perhaps 
 " Brusher Mills," t the famous New Forest snake-catcher, 
 could inform one ; it does not sound inviting ! In the 
 same letter she mentions having secured a berth as 
 midshipman for Montagu Isaacson,t Mr. Montagu's 
 cousin, with Admiral Boscawen. The Admiral had 
 been most graciously received by the King, "and 
 nothing can exceed the honours the Admiral meets 
 with from all quarters." 
 
 A Scotch gardener had been hired for Sandleford, 
 and she adds, " The Scotch Gardener was tired a little, 
 so I thought you would not dislike his recreating 
 himself and resting his horse a little. I have sent 
 him to the play to-night." 
 
 In the next letter she writes, " The Carville gardener 
 will set out to-morrow, he is more happy in London 
 
 * She was suffering from cancer and dropsy. 
 
 t Since this was written, " Brusher " died. 
 
 i Son of Margaret, n^e Creagh, and Anthony Isaacson. 
 
152 ANXIETIES AND ILLNESSES. [Ch. III. 
 
 than a young toast, he has seen St. Paul's, Westminster 
 Abbey, etc., and sees them with taste ; his mind was 
 made for a higher condition of life." Mentioning the 
 horses, she says she shall send three to Sandleford, 
 " it is a shame for a little animal as I am to keep 7 
 horses in town." The team for a big coach was then 
 six, but a seventh was ridden alongside by a servant in 
 case of accidents on the way. 
 
 George II. had been very ill. "Princess Emilia not 
 well, and the Duke * has got the gout. . . . Sixteen 
 thousand pounds a year of annuities on the Duke of 
 Marlborough! expire with him, so there are many 
 sincere mourners ; the Duchess J bears her loss better 
 than could have been imagined. Lord Bath § is so 
 apparently rejoiced at his deliverance, it makes people 
 smile, he ordered a plentiful table to be kept as soon 
 as she was dead, and is gay and jolly, and at the Bath 
 like a young heir just come to his estate. ... It is 
 thought Mr. Charles Montagu || can live but a few 
 days." 
 
 Great anxiety reigned for some days about the health 
 of little Morris Robinson, Morris's son. Dr. Monsey 
 stayed with the child four days and nights, and he pulled 
 through, but it painfully reminded his aunt of her loss 
 in little " Punch," Morris being much of the same age. 
 Dr. Monsey wrote to Mr. Montagu to say he had 
 insisted, when the child was at its worst, that Mrs. 
 Montagu should not come to see it. Mention is made 
 
 * Cumberland. 
 
 t srd Duke of Marlborough, died October 20, 1758, at Munster in 
 Westphalia. 
 
 t Elizabeth, daughter of 2nd Baron Trevor. 
 
 § W^illiam Pulteney, Earl of Bath, had just lost his wife. 
 
 II Charles Montagu, son of the Hon. James Montagu, cousin of Mr. 
 Edward Montagu. He died in 1759. 
 
1758.] MEETING OF PARLIAMENT. 153 
 
 of young Mr. Pitt "just come to town, not so well as 
 when you saw him ; he was here on Tuesday night, 
 and I thought looked ill ; his chairmen were drunk and 
 threw him in the street, and cut his face and hurt him 
 a little, and he had a bad fit that night from the surprise." 
 This was Thomas Pitt, junior, son of Thomas Pitt, of 
 Boconoc, Cornwall, brother of Mr. William Pitt, and 
 afterwards ist Lord Camelford. 
 
 On November 23 both houses of Parliament met at 
 Westminster, and Mrs. Montagu writes on the 28th to 
 her husband — 
 
 " Mr. Pitt opened the session on Tuesday with a very 
 fine speech, Mr. Beckford stood up and said the turn 
 things had taken of late had put him in good humour, so 
 that he was willing to give two millions towards the 
 war on the Continent ; he thought it too little to be of 
 service, but rather more than could be got. Mr. Pitt 
 answered the sum must not be limited, a great deal 
 indeed would be wanted, he knew not how it would be 
 raised, for he did not concern himself with Treasury 
 business, but the honourable gentleman, signifying Mr. 
 Legge, understood these matters, and he did not doubt 
 would raise a proper sum. Poor Legge looked dis- 
 tressed. No one knows how these great sums are to 
 be raised, taxes on Dogs and publick diversions are 
 talked of, the King is much pleased with his Secretary's 
 declaration of a support of the continent interest at any 
 rate. I hear Mr. Pitt's speech was much admired, and 
 nowhere more than at St. James's. . . . Mr. Pitt has a 
 personal dignity that supports open measures, and I am 
 glad he does not learn the political art of prevarication. 
 He has the people's intire confidence, and I hope he will 
 use it to good ends." 
 
 On December 2, writing to Mr. Montagu, she says — 
 
 " Emin is come home, he has a great loss of the 
 
154 EMIN HOME AGAIN. [Ch. III. 
 
 Duke of Marlborough, who called him his Lion and kept 
 him always with him. He has been a sort of aide-de- 
 camp to Count SchuUenburg ; he has lately been in 
 Holland where the Armenians have promised to assist 
 his schemes. Lady Yarmouth has him with her in a 
 morning and promises him her interest with a very 
 great man; Lord Northumberland, Lord Anson, and 
 General York are to be his advocates with Mr. Pitt. 
 He is an astonishing creature to take thus with all kinds 
 of people. He hopes to go home in January in a sort of 
 public character. He is full of anecdotes of the King of 
 Prussia He says his eyes and forehead are just like 
 mine, and he is as particular in his description of him as 
 a portrait painter would be. He marched with him 
 seven days, the Prussian Hero is as easy and familiar as 
 a private man, knowing his character will give him more 
 respect than his rank : it is not advisable in general for 
 Princes to lay aside their rank lest they should not 
 otherwise gain respect, but a truly great man is above 
 all respect that is not personal." 
 
 A set of verses sent by Dr. Monsey from North 
 
 Mimms to Lord Lyttelton is amusing, but too prolix to 
 
 insert. Lyttelton had a bad cold, and wanted to go to 
 
 Eton to see his boy — 
 
 " L. I must go to Eaton." 
 
 " M. You shall not go to Eaton." 
 
 Much allusion is made to Mrs. Montagu in the verses, 
 which are rank doggerel. 
 
 Louisburg had been taken on July 27. On Decem- 
 ber 7 Mrs. Montagu writes, "The House of Commons 
 yesterday returned thanks to Admiral Boscawen and 
 General Amherst for their services at Louisburg, and to 
 Admiral Osborne for his conduct in the Mediterranean." 
 
 Dr. Monsey had been reading the " Memoirs of 
 Madame de Maintenon," in whom he sees a strong like- 
 ness to Mrs. Montagu. 
 
17S8.] LORD ARRAN DEAD. ISS 
 
 " I take her into my hand and you into my mind as 
 I go along . . . tho' Lewis was a scrub of a scoundrel 
 and not worthy a crown which he would not put upon 
 her head, he now and then thought right about her, 
 instead of a foreign Princess whom he must study to 
 please, he chose a woman who made it her whole busi- 
 ness to please him, the only one who could inspire him 
 with a lasting passion, and so revered that in the admira- 
 tion which the recital of her vertues occasioned he cried, 
 ' Let us go and shut ourselves up to talk of this woman.' 
 That's my Lord (Lyttelton), and I ! " 
 
 On December 17 the Earl of Arran died ; he had 
 married Mr. Montagu's relation, Elizabeth, daughter 
 of Lord Crewe of Stene, who brought him a large 
 fortune. It was an unhappy marriage, and Mrs. Mon- 
 tagu hints that, had Lady Arran treated her husband as 
 he deserved, her money would have come to Mr. Mon- 
 tagu and Lady Mary Gregory. He died at eighty-eight. 
 His sister. Lady Emily Butler, 
 
 " is a surprising woman, healthy and lively at past 99 ! 
 Mr. Boscawen yesterday show'd us a box of horrid im- 
 plements with which the French cannon was charged at 
 Louisbourg, rusty locks, pieces of pokers, curling tongs, 
 nails in abundance and all sorts of iron instruments, 
 and this not for want of ammunition, but wanton cruelty. 
 He found the cannons loaded with these as well as ball. 
 General Wolfe had a gridiron shot at him ; it fell short 
 of him, but he had it taken up and straiten'd and eat 
 a beefsteak broil'd upon it." 
 
 In a letter undated, but presumably at the end of 
 December, Mrs, Montagu says — 
 
 " Lord Bath said there had been but three speeches 
 in Parliament this year; one was Lord Middleton's,* 
 
 * 3rd Viscount Middleton. 
 
IS6 EDMUND BURKE. [Ch. III. 
 
 who said he would give all he was worth to support the 
 war ; the other Sir Michael Grosvenor's,* who said he 
 would lend all he was worth ; and the third, Mr. Pitt's, 
 who said he would take all they were both worth. . . . 
 If Mr. Isaacson wants any enquiries made at Cork, I can 
 get good intelligence by means of Mr. Burke, a young 
 lawyer by profession, tho' an author by practice, for he 
 wrote Natural History t preferable to Artificial ; he 
 has several acquaintance of credit at Cork, you have 
 often heard me mention him." 
 
 This is the third mention of Edmund Burke, the first 
 being in a letter of Emin's, whose patron he was, to 
 Dr. Monsey. 
 
 On December 28, writing to her husband, who was 
 still at Carville, Mrs. Montagu says — 
 
 " The Parliaments meet on the i6th . . . the ardour 
 for carrying on the war is such it will be rather a point 
 of contention who shall give most money. Some people 
 think Mr. Boscawen will be sent against Quebec. 
 General Conway is taken into favour again, he is going 
 to settle ye dispute between us and the Dutch concern- 
 ing the ships we have taken. The Princess of Orange is 
 thought in a desperate state of health . . . My Father 
 call'd on me on Monday ; he was not well, which put 
 him a little out of sorts, he seems uneasy that he is not 
 immortal, however, he takes the best means for long 
 life, and I daresay will attain it unless fears of the inevi- 
 table moment should hurt his spirits. Life has been to 
 him one long play day, he must not expect the rattles 
 and sugar plumbs will hold good to the last. He has 
 never tasted business, care, or study ; vivre du jour la 
 journee, as the French saying is, has been his moral 
 maxim ; it may make a merry day, but it does not make 
 
 * Sir Richard Grosvenor, afterwards ist Earl Grosvenor. 
 t " Vindication of Natural Society," his first avowed work copied for 
 him by Emin, and published in 1756. 
 
I759-] HELVETIUS. 157 
 
 the best evening ; the mind that has employ'd itself in 
 study and application or in active life has more to look 
 back upon, and old age's joy is in the retrospect." 
 
 This ends the letters for 1758. 
 
 On January 2, 1759, writing to Mr, Montagu, who 
 was still in the north, his wife says — 
 
 " I am now reading a very ingenious, pernicious 
 French author, his name is Helvetius,* a descendant 
 of the famous Helvetius ; t he is a man of fortune in 
 France, very amiable in his private character, good- 
 natured, liberal and witty, so has many disciples at 
 Paris from respect to his person ; I fear he will have 
 many here from respect to his doctrines well adapted 
 to the corruptions of the human heart. He endeavours 
 to show it is custom makes virtue and vice, like Epicurus, 
 placing his good in pleasure but not his pleasure in 
 good. He thinks a less strict observation of some 
 moral rules would make man in general happier. He 
 would trust everything to laws. Legislature is to be the 
 god and conscience of mankind. He does not consider 
 how many by their situation are above laws, how many 
 one may say are below it, and how many more by 
 fraud, evasions, concealment would hope to escape it. 
 I hope conscience, call'd by Mr. Pope ' the god within 
 the mind,' will keep her empire in spite of Mr. Helve- 
 tius. . . . The church has obliged him to a retractation, 
 which indeed may in some measure mortify the author 
 but will not alter the argument of his book. . . . Lord 
 Clarendon's other volume t will soon be published. . . . 
 I forgot to tell you I have receiv'd great compliments 
 from Mr. Pitt, the Secretary, since I came to town, 
 
 * Claude Adrien Helvetius, bom 17 15, died 1771. Published " De 
 I'Esprit " in 1758. 
 
 t John Claude Helvetius, his father, celebrated physician and author ; 
 died 1755. 
 
 J His " History of the Rebellion." 
 
158 SOCIAL FESTIVITIES. [Ch. III. 
 
 congratulations on your accession of fortune, congratula- 
 tions on my recovery from the eau de Luce, high 
 expressions of esteem and friendship, but being a 
 person of moderate ambition, I have not ask'd for a 
 place at Court." 
 
 In the next letter of January 4 she says — 
 
 "I was last night at Lady Cowper's concert, where 
 there was much good company and good musick. The 
 night before I was at an assembly at Mrs. Pitt's, where 
 I found Sir John Mordaunt playing at cards with Lady 
 Hester Pitt ; this might be accident, but among political 
 folks one is apt to look deeper perhaps than the truth lies, 
 but this and General Conway being received into grace 
 and sent to Le Cas * to settle the cartel for exchange of 
 prisoners, makes me suspect some coalition may be 
 designed between the folks at Leicester House and 
 the D(uke). ... I am to go to the play with Miss 
 Pitt to-morrow night. Mr. Garrick is to act Anthony, 
 he will make but a diminutive hero ; I should not think 
 it a part he would shine in, but he has taken great 
 pains about it." 
 
 On January 18, writing to her husband, Mrs. Montagu 
 says — 
 
 " It is apprehended the loss of the King of Spain f 
 will be a misfortune to Great Brittain. There is a 
 great conspiracy discovered in Portugal; it was at 
 first surmised that the assassination % of the King arose 
 from jealousy, but people now think there was more 
 of ambition than jealousy in it. The Marquis of 
 Tavora's family had a nearer claim to the crown than 
 that Duke of Braganza who got it, but not being 
 
 ' He was sent to Sluys.lfor which the French is L'EcIuse, not Le 
 Cas, to meet Monsieur de Bareil. 
 
 t Ferdinand VI. 
 
 X Attempted assassination of Joseph I., led to the expulsion of the 
 Jesuits. 
 
I759-] ROUSSEAU. 1 59 
 
 personally so well qualified for so great an attempt, or 
 for want of alliances or other means, they were quietly 
 governed by Spain, but when the Braganzas gained 
 the Royal dignity, they grudged it to them, and ambi- 
 tion and envy may easily form conspiracy and assassi- 
 nation. Twelve of the first nobility will be brought 
 to the scaffold." 
 
 On the 24th occurs a very long letter to Mrs. Carter. 
 In this mention is made of Rousseau : " There is a 
 letter from Rousseau to Mr. D'Alembert * upon the pro- 
 ject of settling a theatre at Geneva, which treats of 
 Dramatical performances in general; it is ingeniously 
 written and with great eloquence." She also adds 
 that she is sending Mrs. Carter Dr. Newton's "Dis- 
 sertation on the Prophecies," Leland's " Life of Philip of 
 Macedon." 
 
 "Lord Lyttelton's History is not yet ready to 
 appear; the work goes on slowly, as the writer is 
 scrupulously exact in following truth. His delicacy in 
 regard to characters, his candour in regard to opinions, 
 his precision in facts, would entitle him to the best palm 
 history can claim, if he had not added to these virtues 
 of History (if I may call them so) the highest orna- 
 ments of style, and a most peculiar grace of order and 
 method. ... I shall send you a treatise on the 'Sub- 
 lime and Beautiful,' t by Mr. Burke, a friend of mine. 
 I do not know that you will always subscribe to his 
 system, but think you will find him an elegant and in- 
 genious writer. He is far from the pert pedantry and 
 assuming ignorance of modern witlings ; but in conver- 
 sation and writing an ingenious and ingenuous man, 
 modest and delicate, and on great and serious subjects 
 full of that respect and veneration which a good mind 
 
 * Lettre h. d'Alembert (Sur les Spectacles), Amsterdam 1758 ; trans- 
 lated into English in 1759. 
 t First published in 1757. 
 
l6o KITTY FISHER. [Ch. III. 
 
 and a great one is sure to feel, while fools mock behind 
 the altar, at which wise men kneel and pay mysterious 
 reverence." 
 
 Soon after this letter, Mrs. Carter paid her first visit 
 to Mrs. Montagu in Hill Street. Mrs. Carter had been 
 much troubled by the severe illness of Miss Talbot, 
 her bosom friend, and of Archbishop Seeker, with 
 whom the Talbots lived. Mrs. Montagu, writing to 
 condole about this, mentions that Lord Waldegrave* 
 was going to marry the illegitimate daughter of Sir 
 Edward Walpole, and she continues — 
 
 " Miss Kitty Fisher modestly asked Earl Pembroke t 
 to make her a Countess; his family love forms, so 
 perhaps the fair one thought he would approve the 
 legal form of cohabitation ; but he hesitated, and so the 
 agreement is made for life, a ;^iooo per annum, and a 
 ;£"iooo for present decorations." 
 
 Mr. Montagu had now returned to his wife, having 
 bought another portion of the Denton estate from Mr. 
 Archdeacon, his cousin. He made a codicil to his 
 previous will of 1752, leaving his wife the whole pro- 
 perty, as well as all he possessed besides. The codicil 
 was witnessed by Ben Stillingfleet, William Arch- 
 deacon, and Samuel Torriano, on April 12, 1759. 
 
 On June 7, writing to Mrs. Carter, who was drinking 
 the waters at Bristol, Mrs. Montagu chaffs her as to her 
 surroundings. "Do you like pompons or aigrettes in 
 your hair? if you put on rouge, dance minuets and 
 cottillions ? that I may describe and define you in your 
 
 * 2nd Earl Waldegrave, married Maria, daughter of Sir Edward 
 Walpole, on May 15, 1759. She survived him, and married in 1766 the 
 Duke of Gloucester, brother to George III. 
 
 t Henry, 29th Earl of Pembroke, born 1734, died 1794. 
 
MRS. ELIZABETH CARTER. 
 
 [ To face p. i6o, vol. it. 
 
I7S9-] DR. JOHNSON. l6l 
 
 Bristol State." Mention is made of Mr. Mason's 
 " Caractacus." 
 
 " It is a Drama not dramatized ; his Melpomene 
 is too chaste, too cold for the theatre. She is a very 
 modest virgin, pure in sentiment and diction and void 
 of passion ; her sober ornaments are a Greek veil and 
 some Druidical Hieroglyphicks, all which I mightily 
 respect and do not like at all. . . . Lord Northampton 
 had a fine suit for the birthday, the wastecoat silver and 
 gold, the coat gold and silver." 
 
 On June 9 occurs the first letter of Dr. Johnson * to 
 Mrs. Montagu. 
 
 " Madam, 
 
 " I am desired by Mrs. Williams to sign 
 receipts with her name for the subscribers which you 
 have been pleased to procure, and to return her humble 
 thanks for your favour, which was conferred with all 
 the grace that elegance can add to Beneficence. 
 " I am, 
 
 " Your most obedient 
 
 and humble servant, 
 
 " Sam. Johnson. 
 "June 9,1759-" 
 
 This letter is printed in Boswell's "Life of John- 
 son," t vol. ii. p. 113 ; but who introduced him first to her 
 I have not yet been able to discover, but I fancy it might 
 be through Mrs. Carter. His mother had died at the 
 age of ninety in January of this year. His " Rasselas," 
 published in the following April, is said to have been 
 written to pay the expenses of the funeral of his beloved 
 
 • Dr. Samuel Johnson, born 1709, died 1784; the famous lexico- 
 grapher and critic. . 
 
 t By John Wilson Croker revised, and by John Wright published, 
 1880. 
 
 VOL. II. M 
 
1 62 LADY ESSEX'S DEATH. [Ch. III. 
 
 parent. Mrs. Williams was one of Dr. Johnson's proi/ge'es, 
 a woman of talent and literary attainments, who had been 
 a constant companion of his late wife. Her eyes being 
 affected with an incurable cataract, she became blind, 
 and Dr. Johnson was trying to raise money enough 
 to buy an annuity for her. In 1766 she became a 
 permanent inmate of Johnson's house, and on Mr. 
 Montagu's death in 1775, Mrs. Montagu settled ;£'io per 
 annum on her. 
 
 Dr. Johnson's writing is singularly clear, and, once 
 seen, is unmistakable, from his peculiar long s's. 
 
 On June 9 also, Emin wrote on board the Prince 
 Edward, from the Mole of Genoa, where they were in 
 quarantine. The letter begins, "To the most learned 
 and most magnanimous Mrs. Montagu." He was on his 
 way to see Prince Heraclius with letters of recommen- 
 dation from his father and all the principal Armenians 
 of Calcutta and India to the Prince and the Archbishop 
 of Armenia. At last his transcendent merit as a leader 
 had been acknowledged by his own countrymen, who 
 now designated him " their chief, their Shepherd and 
 Protector." Emin's affectionate heart was rent at the 
 thought of parting with his kind English protectors, 
 and in this letter he says he was almost glad when he 
 found most of them out or away from home when he 
 called to bid adieu. He was to cross Turkey by land 
 to get to Armenia, a most dangerous journey, and on 
 the way out two ships had chased them for four or five 
 hours off Spain. 
 
 Writing from Sandleford on July 25 to Mrs. Carter, 
 Mrs. Montagu narrates the sad death of Lady Essex, 
 carried away at the early age of nineteen by puerperal 
 fever and throat disease. She was the daughter of Lady 
 Frances Willianis, who was bowed down with this 
 affliction, added to the terrible lunacy of her husband. 
 
I7S9] "CALVES PLUCK WATER." 163 
 
 Mrs. Carter was at Bristol drinking the waters for her 
 constant violent headaches. At the end of the letter 
 we read — 
 
 " I am glad you agree with me in detestation of 
 Voltaire's Optimism. Are not you provoked that such 
 an animal calls itself a Philosopher? What pretence 
 can he have to philosophy who has not that fear of God 
 which is the beginning of wisdom ? This creature is a 
 downright rebel to his God. Some good may arise 
 indeed from the division of Satan's household; Vol- 
 taire directly opposes Lord Bolingbroke and those who 
 afSrm whatever is is right, and that there wants not a 
 future state to make the system just." 
 
 Lady Medows writes that her appetite has been 
 mended by drinking " Calves Pluck water ! " 
 
 On August 3 Mrs. Montagu thanks Lady Barbara 
 Montagu for "the great favour you have done me in 
 behalf of Mr. Burke," but what that favour was I know 
 not. The letter proceeds thus — 
 
 " I conducted Mrs. Pitt to Maidenhead Bridge on 
 Tuesday, and on Wednesday dined at Mrs. Clayton's * 
 at Harleyford.t I think it the most agreeable situation 
 I have seen on the Thames, I mean as a place of resi- 
 dence, every object speaks peace and plenty, the silver 
 Thames glides at the foot of their garden, lofty trees 
 crown the summit, they have fine prospects, sweet 
 lawns, fine cornfields and distant villages. ... I could 
 not get permission from Mr. Montagu to stay a day or 
 two, but had barely leave for a dining visit ; to my great 
 mortification, my Landlord at the Bridge told me that 
 to go by Marlow would carry me 8 or 9 miles out of the 
 Road, so I gave up my scheme, but met Mr. Amyand, 
 
 * Presumably the widow of Bishop Clayton, and sister of Mrs. 
 Donnellan. 
 
 t Now the seat of Sir William Clayton. 
 
I64 HARLEYFORD. [Ch. III. 
 
 who was travelling through Maidenhead town : he 
 jumped out of his post-chaise, got into the coach to tell 
 me all the news of the town, and on my complaining 
 of my disappointment in regard to Mrs. Clayton, he 
 assured me if I would go two miles out of my road I 
 should find myself on the bank of the river opposite 
 Mrs. Clayton's house, that then I might go on board a 
 flat-bottom'd boat and invade her territories. I followed 
 his directions, but as my coach could not pass the river, 
 I proposed only to drink a dish of Chocolate, walk 
 round her gardens, and proceed to Reading. She 
 kindly desired to carry me thither early in the after- 
 noon, said she would get Mrs. Southwell * of the party, 
 that my coach should go on to Reading and I should 
 find my horses refreshed and ready to set forward for 
 Sandleford : no magical wand could have made a meta- 
 morphosis more to my advantage than converting the 
 rose Parlour at the Inn in Reading into an elegant 
 salon, and my Landlord and his wife into Mrs. Clayton 
 and Mrs. Southwell ; and an empty coach into one filled 
 with good company. A most incomparable dinner 
 appeared, and Mrs. Southwell ; we went together 
 to Reading, and by ii I got back to my darksome 
 pines." 
 
 Soon after her return to Sandleford, Mr. Montagu 
 fell ill of a bad throat, caught, she thought, at a place 
 built by a Mr. Cottington near Newbury, on such a hill 
 that, as she says to Lyttelton, 
 
 " it would have made a good situation for a college of 
 Augurs, for here they might conveniently make observa- 
 tions on the flight of Birds ; the ascent is so steep a goat 
 can hardly climb to it ; he built a Belvidere at the top of 
 the house, where perhaps he hoped to sit as umpire in 
 the battles between the cranes and the pigmies, for as 
 to looking down from it, it is rather horrible." 
 
 * Of King's Weston. 
 
DR. SAMUEL JOHNSON. 
 
 \To face p. 164, vol. 
 
1759] INVERARY. 165 
 
 Fortunately, Dr. Monsey was at Sandleford, and 
 promptly "blooded" and doctored Mr. Montagu, Men- 
 tion is made of a " magnificent epistle of Emin to the 
 noble daughters of Brittain," too long to be inserted 
 here. 
 
 Lord Lyttelton and "Tom" were taking a tour to 
 the Highlands, having gone from Hagley to Durham, 
 thence to Lord Ravensworth's and Morpeth, "on our 
 way to Alnwick." Lord Lyttelton alludes to the Battle 
 of Minden, fought on August i, between the English, 
 Hessians, and Hanoverians, against the French. Prince 
 Ferdinand* of Brunswick commanded, and under him 
 Lord George Sackville,t who commanded the English 
 and Hanoverians, and incurred some obloquy on the 
 score of disobeying orders ; but Lyttelton says — 
 
 " The necessity the French will be under of restoring 
 their army in Germany by large reinforcements must, 
 I think, putt an end to their intended invasion, and 
 you Ladies of Britain will not be exposed to the out- 
 rages and brutalities which the poor Ladies of Hildesheim 
 have suffered from the rage of those polished barbarians. 
 ... I had writt thus far at Taymouth, Lord Breadalbane's 
 fine seat, but was forced by some interruption to delay 
 ending my letter till I came to Inverary, from whence I 
 now write. The House deserves to be call'd, as it was 
 stil'd by Lord Leicester, ' the Royall Palace of the King 
 of the Goths.' He reigns here in great state, but Nature 
 reigns in still greater. I have scarce ever seen her more 
 sublimely majestick; nor does she want some sweet 
 graces to soften her dignity and make it more amiable. 
 As the Duke of Argyll t is one of your admirers, and, I 
 think, a favoured one too, you ought to make him a 
 
 * Brother of the Duke of Brunswick. »■ 
 
 t Afterwards Lord George Germaine. 
 
 I Archibald Campbell, 3rd Duke of Argyll, born 1682, died 1761, 
 astat 79. 
 
l66 ALNWICK. [Ch. III. 
 
 visit here when next you return to your northern 
 dominions." 
 
 Tom Lyttelton, who was travelling with his father 
 in Scotland, writes on September lo from Edinburgh to 
 Mrs. Montagu. Some portions of his letter I copy — 
 
 " The first place I shall mention to you is Alnwick, 
 the seat of the Earl of Northumberland. The Castle is 
 very gracious, and stands on the brow pf a hill ; it was 
 formerly very strong. His Lordship has shown great 
 judgment in the manner of fitting it up, for instead of 
 using the modern stile of architecture (as Mr. Lumley 
 has done at Lumley Castle), he has left it for the 
 most part as it was in Harry Percy's time, with this 
 difference, that two or three rooms which were before 
 ill proportioned and quite unfurnished, are now much 
 enlarged and fitted very handsomely in the Gothick stile. 
 He will add many more rooms on the other side of the 
 court, and will make it in time a very good house, still 
 preserving its original character. From thence we went 
 to Berwick to Sir Hugh Dalrymple's. . . . The Bass 
 Island is all a vast Rock broken into many rough and 
 irregular pieces ; it is inaccessible to very large ships, 
 there is but one place where a boat may safely land ; in 
 the middle of the ascent there are still the remains of an 
 old castle, which was a state prison with houses for 
 soldiers built in the rock ; they tell you that within these 
 sixty years it was garrisoned, but it is now become the 
 habitation only of an infinite number of sea birds, of 
 which the Solan goose is the most remarkable. . . . We 
 went to dine with Mr. Charters, and from thence the 
 same night reached Edinburgh, and were lodged in the 
 Royal Palace caUed Holy Rood House. . . . My next shall 
 be from Bishops Auckland (a seat of the Bishop of 
 Durham's). ..." 
 
 As usual. Lord Lyttelton adds a postscript, and in 
 it says — 
 
I759-] YORK. 167 
 
 " We dined to-day with the Magistrates and corpora- 
 tion of Edinburgh, and supped with the Duke of Argyll, 
 who honoured me with his presence at the dinner, a dis- 
 tinction he never paid to any other than upon this occa- 
 sion. Tom and I had our freedoms given us, as we have 
 had from many other towns with as great compliments 
 as if I had been a minister of State, or the Head of a 
 faction." 
 
 Young Edward Wortley Montagu writes on Sep- 
 tember 13 to Mr. Montagu from " Mrs. Lyster's in Hyde 
 Street, Bloomsbury Market," to say — 
 
 " I am really greatly concern'd that it has hitherto 
 been out of my power to wait upon you, and I am 
 afraid will be so the whole summer, for my book is 
 sold off, and Millar presses me for a second edition, 
 which I am now about, and since I wish it should 
 appear in the world as perfect as possible, I must beg 
 the favour of you to let me know what corrections you 
 think it may want ; the world received the first edition 
 with great indulgence, but the second will have a right 
 to approbation when it has received a greater degree 
 of perfection from the corrections of a gentleman of 
 your abilities." 
 
 In an answer to Lord Lyttelton's letter from Inverary, 
 too long to be inserted, Mrs. Montagu mentions that she 
 is sending the letter to York — 
 
 " I shall be glad to hear that your Lordship and Mr. 
 Lyttelton like York, to which perhaps I am partial as to 
 the place of my nativity. One of the strongest pictures 
 in my mind is the funeral of a Dean of York, which 
 I saw performed with great solemnity in the Cathedral 
 when I was about 4 years old. ... I know, my lord, 
 you will rejoice with me for Mr. Boscawen's* victory, 
 both from public spirit and private friendship." 
 
 * Admiral Boscawen defeated the French off Cape Lagos on 
 August 18. 
 
l68 SCOTCH CHARACTERISTICS. [Ch. III. 
 
 Emin, after a serious illness, was setting off on his 
 dangerous journey through Turkey, and on September 20 
 wrote "To the Montagu the Great," ending up with, 
 "My dearest, brightest and the wisest Queen of the East, 
 your very affectionate and faithful, obedient, humble 
 servant and soldier, Emin of Hasnasari in Persia." 
 
 Lord Lyttelton and his son travelled from Edinburgh 
 to Lord Hopetoun's place, Hopetoun House. In a 
 letter to Mrs. Montagu of September 21, Tom says, 
 "There is one chimney piece done by Risback that 
 cost £6qo, my father thinks it the finest he ever saw.' 
 Thence they proceeded to Stirling, and paid visits to 
 Lord Cathcart and Lord Kinnoull; thence to Glamis 
 Castle, which he describes " as a very old castle, but 
 has not a tolerable apartment, and can never be altered 
 much for the better." He does not mention the ghost; 
 probably he was not told about it. From thence to the 
 Duke of Athole's at Dunkeld, where he is enraptured 
 with the country, and mentions the window at the 
 Hermitage,* " through which the falls of the Braan 
 appear as a surprise to the visitor." The Lytteltons 
 accompanied the duke to his other seat, Blair Athole, 
 after which they proceeded to Taymouth, Lord Breadal- 
 bane's splendid place, which enchanted Tom. 
 
 He now gives Mrs. Montagu a sort of character 
 sketch of the Scottish nobility — 
 
 "The characteristical virtues of the Scotch are courage, 
 temperance, prudence, economy and hospitality. This 
 last is not only peculiar to the nobility, but is universally 
 practised by all kinds of people. Good breeding, though 
 it cannot be properly styled a virtue, is of the highest 
 consequence to Society. This the Scotch universally 
 possess, and there is not in the North such a character 
 as that of an English country Squire, whose whole life 
 
 * Ossian's Hall. 
 
I7S9] MR. EDMUND BURKE. 169 
 
 is spent in the laudable customs of hunting, drinking, 
 swearing and sleeping. . . . Scotch ladies are very 
 handsome and very sweet-tempered. It is their general 
 character to be rather too free of their favours before 
 marriage ; however that may be, they are very chaste 
 after that ceremony. They breed up their children in a 
 particular manner, for they are accustomed from their 
 infancy to go without shoes and stockings, nor in the 
 coldest weather do their parents permit them to wear a 
 great-coat ; if they are of a puny constitution they die, 
 if not, they are the better for it all their life." 
 
 He also remarks that " few of the nobility omit going 
 to Church on a Sunday, and what is of more importance, 
 when they are there they do not trifle, but seem seriously 
 to reflect upon the duty they owe their Maker." This 
 description from a boy of fifteen is remarkable, and 
 throws light upon English manners of that period. 
 After several other visits, Tom returned to his studies 
 at Eton. 
 
 Next to this comes a letter from Mr. Burke, which, 
 being the first, is given in extenso. His handwriting is 
 beautiful and very even, but of a feminine cast. 
 
 " Madam, 
 
 " I have now the honour of writing to you for 
 the first time, and the subject of my letter is an aff"air 
 that concerns myself I should stand in need of many 
 more apologies than I know how to make both for the 
 liberty I take and for the occasion of it, if I had not 
 learned by experience that I give you a pleasure when 
 I put it in your power to exert your good-nature. I 
 know it is your foible to carry this principle to an ex- 
 tream, and one is almost sure of success in any applica- 
 tion, or at least for pardon for having made an improper 
 one, when we know judiciously to take advantage of a 
 person's weak point. I do not know anything else 
 
I70 CONSULSHIP AT MADRID. [Ch. III. 
 
 which could give me confidence enough to take the 
 Liberty I am now going to use. The Consulship of 
 Madrid has been vacant for several months; I am in- 
 formed that it is in the gift of Mr. Secretary Pitt, and 
 that it is valuable. I presume, however, that it is not 
 an object for a person who has any considerable pre- 
 tensions, by its having continued so long vacant, else I 
 should never have thought of it. My interest is weak, 
 I have not at all the honour of being known to Mr. Pitt ; 
 nor much to any of his close connections. For which 
 reason I venture to ask your advice whether I can with 
 propriety proceed at all in this affair, and if you think 
 I ought to undertake it, in what manner it would be 
 proper for me to proceed. If my little suit either in 
 itself or in the persons through whose hands it must 
 necessarily pass, should be attended with any circum- 
 stances that may make it disagreeable to you to inter- 
 fere in it, I shall take it as a favour equal to that I have 
 asked, if you will be so good to tell me you can do 
 nothing in it. I shall think such a declaration a great 
 mark of your confidence. I am sensible that there are 
 in all people's connections many points that may make 
 a person of delicacy unwilling to ask a favour in some 
 quarters, and yet more unwilling from the same delicacy 
 to tell the person for whom it is to be asked that they 
 have such difficulties. There are undoubtedly many 
 circumstances of propriety in every person's situation, 
 which none can feel properly but themselves. I am 
 not, however, if I know myself, one of those expectants 
 who think everything ought to be sacrificed to their 
 Interest. It occurred to me that a letter from you to 
 Miss Pitt might be of great service to me. I thought 
 too of mentioning Mrs. Boscawen. The Admiral has 
 such great merit with the Ministry and the Nation, that 
 the want of it will be the more readily overlooked in 
 any person for whom he may be induced to apply. But 
 these are crude notions and require the understanding 
 they are submitted to, to bring them to form and 
 maturity. To say the truth, I am quite ashamed to have 
 
EDMUND BURKE. 
 
 \To face f. ijo, vol. ii. 
 
1759-] GENERAL TOWNSHEND. 171 
 
 dwelt so long upon so indifferent a subject. Your 
 Patience is almost equal to the rest of your virtues if 
 you can bear it. I dwell with far more pleasure on my 
 acknowledgments for what you have done for my 
 friend * in so obliging and genteel a manner. He has 
 but just now succeeded after a world of delays, and no 
 small opposition. He will always retain a very grateful 
 sense of what you have done in his favour. Mrs. 
 Burke t desires me to present her respects to you, and 
 her best wishes for your health. When last I had the 
 pleasure of seeing Dr. Monsey, he told me that the 
 country still agreed with you, else I should most 
 wickedly wish this fine weather over that you might 
 be the sooner driven to town. This fine weather suffers 
 nothing good to be in Town but itself We are much 
 obliged to the Doctor for the satisfaction he gave you 
 in uniting his care with yours for Mr. Montagu's 
 recovery. I congratulate you very sincerely on that 
 event. If I could find some agreeable circumstance in 
 your affairs for congratulation as often as I wish I 
 should be the most troublesome correspondent in 
 England, for nobody can be with greater respect and 
 gratitude, 
 
 " Madam, 
 
 " Your most obliged and 
 
 obedient humble servant, 
 
 "Edmund Burke. 
 
 "Wimple Street, Cav. Sq., Sep' 24, 1759-" 
 
 In a letter to Lord Lyttelton of October 23, Mrs. 
 Montagu mentions visiting Lady Townshend to con- 
 gratulate her on the taking of Quebec, which had 
 happened on September 13, and in which her son, 
 General Townshend, had taken a prominent part. In 
 this she says — 
 
 * This was Emin. 
 
 t Mrs. Burke's maiden name was Nugent. She was a Roman 
 Catholic. 
 
172 GENERAL WOLFE. [Ch. IIL 
 
 "The encomiums on Mr. Wolfe run very high, a 
 great action is performed and every one can endure 
 to give praise to a dead man ; and there was certainly 
 something very captivating in his character; he took 
 the public opinion by a coup de main, to which it sur- 
 renders more willingly than to a regular siege. The 
 people had not time to be tired of hearing him called 
 the brave; he is the subject of all people's praise, and 
 I question whether all the Duke of Marlborough's con- 
 quests gained him greater honour." 
 
 In answer to this Lord Lyttelton says — 
 
 " I wish that a French invasion from Havre de Grace, 
 which I have particular reasons to be more afraid of 
 than ever, may not correct the extravagance of our joy 
 for our unexpected success at Quebec, and the false 
 security it has produced in the minds of our ministers. 
 . . . Mr. Bonus, the picture cleaner, has come down and 
 has restored my old family pictures to such a state of 
 perfection that I can hardly believe my eyes when I see 
 them. Few gentlemen, I assure you, have a finer col- 
 lection than mine appears to be now. If Lady Coventry 
 ever comes here, she will cry at the sight of some of 
 the beauties of Charles the Second's court, which by 
 Mr. Bonus' help exceed hers as much as she does my 
 milkmaids. There is particularly a Duchess of Rich- 
 mond whom you have read of under the name of 
 Mademoiselle Stuart in the ' Memoirs of the Count de 
 Grammont,' whose charms are so divine that my nephew 
 Pitt is absolutely falling in love with her and does 
 nothing but gaze upon her from morning till night. 
 What would you living beauties give if twenty years 
 hence, when you begin to suffer by time, there could be 
 found a Mr. Bonus to restore you again, as he has done 
 this fair lady and others at Hagley ? Pray come and 
 see the miracles of his art. . . . 
 
 " Pitt sends his best compliments, and we both agree 
 you have indeed a great deal of a witch about you, but 
 nothing of a Hag." 
 
I7S9-] MRS. OGLE. 173 
 
 Mrs. Montagu evidently refused to exert her in- 
 fluence in favour of Mr. Burke's desire to obtain the 
 Madrid Consulship, as on October 6 he writes — 
 
 " Madam, 
 
 " For many publick as well as private reasons 
 I am sorry that you have not an influence on Ministers 
 of State ; but the qualities which some persons possess 
 are by no means those which lead to Ministerial 
 influence. The reasons you have been pleased to give 
 me for not making the application are very convincing 
 and obliging. Before I applied I was well aware of the 
 difficulties that stood in my way." 
 
 Further down in the letter (which is not sufficiently 
 interesting to be given in extenso) he says — 
 
 " It is not very easy to have access to Mr. Pitt, 
 especially for me, who have so very few friends. I 
 mentioned those methods, not that I was satisfied 
 of their propriety, but because I would try every 
 method which occurred to me." 
 
 On December 17 Dr. Johnson writes — 
 
 " Madam, 
 
 "Goodness so conspicuous as yours will be 
 often solicited and perhaps sometimes solicited by those 
 who have little pretension to your favour. It is now 
 my turn to introduce a petitioner, but such as I have 
 reason to believe you will think worthy of your notice. 
 Mrs. Ogle who kept the music room in Soho Square, 
 a woman who struggles with great industry for the 
 support of eight children, hopes by a Benefit Concert 
 to set herself free from a few debts, which she cannot 
 otherwise discharge. She has, I know not why, so high 
 an opinion of me as to believe that you will pay less 
 regard to her application than to mine. You know, 
 
174 "TRISTRAM SHANDY." [Ch. III. 
 
 Madam, I am sure you know, how hard it is to deny, 
 and therefore would not wonder at my compliance, 
 though I were to suppress a motive which you know 
 not, the vanity of being supposed to be of any impor- 
 tance to Mrs. Montagu. But though I may be willing 
 to see the world deceived for my advantage, I am not 
 deceived myself, for I know that Mrs. Ogle will owe 
 whatever favours she shall receive from the patronage 
 which we humbly entreat on this occasion, much more 
 to your compassion for honesty in distress than to the 
 request of, Madam, 
 
 "Your most obedient 
 
 and most humble servant, 
 
 " Sam. Johnson. 
 
 "Gray's Inn, Dec. 17, 1759." 
 
 This letter is printed in Croker's edition of Boswell's 
 "Life of Johnson," vol. ii. p. 115, published in 1880 by 
 George Bell and Sons. He probably received the copy, 
 as he did a former letter, from my grandfather, the 4th 
 Baron Rokeby, as he would have been too young to 
 obtain it from Mrs. Montagu, who died in 1800, and 
 John Wilson Croker was not born till 1780. 
 
 Though undated, the following letter of Laurence 
 Sterne may be placed here. Early in 1759 he had been 
 writing the first two volumes of "Tristram Shandy," 
 towards the end of the year he was in London arranging 
 for their publication with Dodsley the publisher, who 
 declined the venture. They were printed for and sold 
 by John Hinxham, bookseller in Stonegate, according 
 to Mr. Traill's volume on Sterne in the " Englishmen of 
 Letters " series. The allusions to the Dean of York, 
 etc., referred to a dispute between a Dr. Topham and 
 Dr. Fountayne (Dean of York), in which Sterne sided 
 with the Dean when he wrote his " History of a Good 
 Warm Watchcoat," " a sarcastic apologue," as Mr. Traill 
 
I759-] THE REV. LAURENCE STERNE. i;5 
 
 terms it. I have not time or knowledge enough to enter 
 into the details of this affair, but hope the letter may 
 throw light upon it to students of Sterne's character. 
 
 " Madam, 
 
 "I never was so much at a loss as I find 
 myself at this instant that I am going to answer the 
 letter I have had the honour and happiness to receive 
 from you by Mr. Torriano; being ten times more 
 oppress'd with the excess of your candour and goodness 
 than I was before with the subject of my complaint. 
 It was entirely owing to the Idea I had in common 
 with all the world of Mrs. Montagu's that I felt sorrow 
 at all — oi" communicated what I felt to my friend ; which 
 last step I should not have taken but from the great 
 reliance I had upon the excellency of your character. 
 I wanted mercy — but not sacrifice, and am obliged, 
 in my turn, to beg pardon of you, which I do from my 
 soul, for putting you to the pain of excusing, what in 
 fact was more a misfortune, than a fault, and but a 
 necessary consequence of a train of Impressions given 
 to my disadvantage. The Chancellor of York, Dr. 
 Herring, was, I suppose, the person who interested 
 himself in the honour of the Dean of York, and requested 
 that act of friendship to be done to the Dean, by bring- 
 ing about a separation betwixt the Dean and myself — 
 the poor gentleman has been labouring this point many 
 years — but not out of zeal for the Dean's character, but 
 to secure the next residentiaryship to the Dean of St. 
 Asalph, his son; he was outwitted himself at last, 
 and has now all the foul play to settle with his con- 
 science without gaining or being ever likely to gain 
 his purpose. I take the liberty of enclosing a letter 
 I wrote last month to the Dean, which will give some 
 light into my hard measure, and show you that I was 
 as much a protection to the Dean of York — as he to me. 
 The answer to this has made me easy with regard to 
 my views in the Church of York, and as it has cemented 
 anew the Dean and myself beyond the power of any 
 
176 MRS. STERNE. [Ch. III. 
 
 future breach, I thought it would give you satisfaction 
 to see how my interests stand, and how much and how 
 undeserved I have been abused : when you have read 
 it— it shall never be read more, for reasons your 
 penetration will see at once. 
 
 " I return you thanks for the interest you took in my 
 wife, and there is not an honest man, who will not do 
 me the justice to say, I have ever given her the character 
 of as moral and virtuous a woman as ever God made — 
 what occasion'd discontent ever betwixt us is now no 
 more — we have settled accounts to each other's satisfac- 
 tion and honour, and I am persuaded shall end our days 
 without one word of reproach or even Incivility. 
 
 "Mr. Torriano made me happy in acquainting me 
 that I was to dine with you on Friday ; it shall ever be 
 my care as well as my Principle ever to behave so that 
 you may have no cause to repent of your goodness 
 to me. 
 
 " I am. Madam, 
 " With the truest gratitude, 
 
 " Your most obliged and aflF'° 
 
 " Kinsman, Laur. Sterne." 
 
 A fragment, also undated, from Mrs. Sterne may be 
 placed here, but I have failed to find any allusion to it 
 in other letters — 
 
 " Cou'd Mrs. Montagu think this the way to make a 
 bad husband better, she might indeed have found a 
 better, which I have often urg'd, though to little purpose, 
 namely some little mark of kindness or regard to me as 
 a kinswoman, I meant not such as would have cost her 
 money, but indeed this neither she or any one of the 
 Robinsons vouchsafed to do, though they have seen Mr. 
 Sterne frequently the last two winters, and will the 
 next, so that surely never poor girl who had done no 
 one thing to merit such neglect was ever so cast off by 
 her Relations as I have been. I writ three posts ago to 
 inform Mrs. Montagu of the sorrow her indifferation 
 
I7S9-] LADY MEDOWS' DEATH. 177 
 
 had brought upon me, and beg'd she wou'd do all that 
 was in her power to undo the mischief, though I can't 
 for my soul see which way, and must expect to the last 
 hour of my life to be reproach'd by Mr. Sterne as the 
 blaster of his fortunes. I learn from Mr. Sterne that 
 there was both letters and conversations pass'd betwixt 
 them last winter on this subject, and though I was an 
 utter stranger to that and every part of this affair till 
 ten days ago, when the Chancellor wrote his first Letter, 
 which Mr. Sterne communicated to me. Yet in several 
 he wrote to me from London he talk'd much of the 
 honours and civilities Mrs. Montagu show'd him, which 
 I was well pleas'd to hear, as the contrary behaviour 
 must have wrought me sorrow. I only wish'd that 
 amongst them she had mixt some to her cousin, but that 
 I heard not one syllable of. I beg you will give me 
 one gleam of comfort by answering this directly. Mr. 
 Sterne is on the wing for London, and we remove to 
 York at the same time, so that I fear thy letter will not 
 arrive before me. Direct to Newton. iVIine and Lydia's 
 love, 
 
 " Thine most truly and affectionately, 
 
 " E. Sterne." 
 
 Commenting on Mrs. Sterne's character some years 
 after this date, Mrs. Montagu said she was a woman of 
 good parts, of a temper "like the fretful Porcupine, 
 always darting her quills at somebody or something ! " 
 
 Lady Medows, Mr. Montagu's sister, who had long 
 been suffering from cancer, died at the end of October, 
 Horace Walpole says in his letter to George Montagu 
 that she left Lady Sandwich's daughter ;£^9000, after the 
 death of her husband, Sir Sydney Medows. 
 
 VOL. n. 
 
( i;8 ) 
 
 CHAPTER IV. 
 
 1760 TO THE DEATH OF GEORGE H. — IN LONDON, AT TON- 
 BRIDGE, AND IN NORTHUMBERLAND — CORRESPONDENCE 
 CHIEFLY WITH LORD LYTTELTON. 
 
 The year 1760 opens on January i with a letter to 
 Lord Lyttelton from Mrs. Montagu, a portion of which 
 I copy— 
 
 " Can I begin the new year more auspiciously than 
 by dedicating the first hours of the New Year's Day to 
 that person from whose friendship I hope to derive so 
 much of the honour and happiness of every year of my 
 life ? Among the wishes I form for myself, not the least 
 earnest are those of seeing Lord Lyttelton and his son 
 enjoy all the health, felicity and fame that can be 
 attained in this world, with the chearing prospect of a 
 better state. . . . The world much admires the Pamphlet,* 
 and Lord Bath does not deny he is the author as I am told. 
 I ordered Mr. Bower to send it to your Lordship, but it 
 is out of print. . . . The Hereditary Prince t is gone to 
 the King of Prussia with 18,000 gallant men. I was 
 at Lady Hervey's last night, she is very well." 
 
 The next letter of January 15, to the same, is as 
 follows : — 
 
 * Probably the " Letter to two Great Men " of Walpole's Memoirs of 
 George I. Ed. 1847. Vol. iii. p. 250. 
 t Prince Ferdinand of Brunswick. 
 
i76o.] LORD BATH. 179 
 
 " My eyes have at last served me to read the collec- 
 tion of letters which have afforded me much entertain- 
 ment, those from the illustrious I consider as written 
 in their theatrical character, for though they are written 
 behind the scenes, which gives them an air of reality, 
 they are made to suit the assumed character. Lord 
 B(ath) is Patriot and Philosopher, after the manner of 
 the Ancients, his letters bear a consular and stoical 
 dignity, and when I expect to see them signed Marcus, 
 Cato or Caius Cassius, he surprises me with a Christian 
 name and modern title. Those of another eminent 
 person appear more natural, though perhaps they are 
 not more sincere, but the modes we are used to by their 
 familiarity appear less constrained and artificial. ... I 
 will send Mr. Lyttelton the Gazette extraordinary from 
 Quebec next post, it is from the Indian Savages, and ex- 
 pressed in hieroglyphicks ; it will give him an idea of 
 the expresses sent by the Mexicans and Montezuma. I 
 will send him the explanation with it. . . . Mr. Stewart 
 gave me this curious piece this morning. ... I did not 
 say Lord Bath own'd, but that he did not stoutly deny 
 the pamphlett. Mr. Pitt and his party are angry at it, 
 and I hear H. Walpole has answer'd it." 
 
 Tom Lyttelton writes from Eton, March 8, to Mrs. 
 Montagu, to beg her to write to him. Her eyes had 
 been very weak lately, and writing was an effort. In 
 this Tom says — 
 
 "I hear my cousin Pitt is gone abroad with Lord 
 Kinnoul. ... I wish his tour may afford him as much 
 pleasure as it will improvement. But nothing can ever 
 hinder a mind like his, active and desirous of knowledge 
 from improving itself everywhere, but particularly in 
 foreign countries. ... I only wish the eyes of the 
 handsome Spanish Ladies may not make a greater im- 
 pression on his heart than the beautiful Vales of 
 Arragon and Castile." 
 
l8o LISBON. [Ch. IV. 
 
 Thomas Pitt had gone to Lisbon with the Embassy 
 under Lord Strathmore,* which England sent after the 
 attempted assassination of the King of Portugal. In 
 a letter to Lord Lyttelton from Lisbon on March 27, 
 1760, Mr. Pitt describes Lisbon — 
 
 " The Tagus is extremely noble, and the shore on 
 the other side is covered with woods of pine and fir. 
 The city is quite destroy'd, and though they talk of 
 magnificent plans for the rebuilding it, there is little 
 likelihood that it should rise out of its ruins for many 
 years." 
 
 He then alludes to the late attempted assassination 
 of the king, but his account is too long to copy in 
 extenso — 
 
 " The story of a conspiracy is universally disbelieved, 
 the whole is attributed to the malignity of the Duke of 
 Aveiro, and the resentment of the old Marquis and 
 Machioness of Tavora for the dishonour f done to their 
 family since the late dreadful execution, which is fol- 
 lowed by the erection of the Bastile, into which people 
 of the first rank are committed without any cause 
 assigned, makes them afraid to be even seen with one 
 another. ... I hear my little friend Tom has not forgot 
 me in my peregrinations, has apprehensions from the 
 impressions I may receive from the Spanish ladies. 
 Pray give my love to him, and assure him if they 
 resemble those of Portugal I never was in less danger." 
 
 In his next letter of April 14, to Mrs. Montagu, he 
 says — 
 
 " I am going in about a week or ten days into the 
 
 * John Lyon, 7th Earl of Strathmore. 
 
 t The king had opposed the marriage of the Duke of Tavora's son to 
 a sister of the Due de Cadaval. 
 
i76o.] LORD CHESTERFIELD, l8l 
 
 true country of Knight Errantry. I shall set out for 
 Spain and pass through Andalousia and Granada before 
 I go to Madrid, but instead of Rosinante and the Barber's 
 basin I shall provide myself with side-creeping mules 
 and a heavy crazy old coach that has outlived the earth- 
 quake. I propose being at Madrid about the time the 
 King makes his public entry, which is to be extremely 
 magnificent. I shall dispute the prize at every tilt and 
 tournament, and expect to send you a lock of hair 
 plucked as a trophy from the forehead of a wild bull 
 that I have laid dead at my feet. We have a very good 
 chance of escaping the Corsairs, and sea-sickness, as 
 the French Ambassador* here has had the goodness 
 to write to his Court for a passport to enable us to get 
 to Italy through the South of France." 
 
 The next letter is from Lord Chesterfield t to Lord 
 Lyttelton. 
 
 " Blackheath, May 7, 1760. 
 
 "My Lord, 
 
 " I return you my sincerest and warmest 
 thanks for your most entertaining and instructive 
 present, t When I heard that you had undertaken that 
 work, I expected no less, and now that I have it, without 
 a compliment I could wish for no more from you. You 
 have applied History to its best use, the advantage of 
 morality; you have exposed vice and folly, but with 
 so noble a hand, that both fools and knaves must feel 
 that you would rather correct than execute them. You 
 have even shown mercy to one who never showed nor 
 felt it ; I mean that disgrace to humanity, that sanguinary 
 monster of the North, distinguished only by his Bar- 
 barism and his Barbarity, Charles the 12th § of Sweden. 
 
 * Monsieur de Merle. 
 
 t Philip Dormer Stanhope, Earl of Chesterfield ; born 1694, died 
 
 1773- 
 
 t His " Dialogues of the Dead," just published. 
 
 § Allusion to Dialogue No. 20 on Charles XII. and Alexander the 
 Great. 
 
l82 "DIALOGUES OF THE DEAD." [Ch. IV. 
 
 I would fain have homicide no longer reckoned as 
 hitherto it has been, a title to Heroism, and the in- 
 famous but fashionable traffick of human blood, no 
 matter for or against, who, if they pay but well, called 
 by its true name assassination. Your Lordship has still 
 a great field left open to you for another and yet 
 another volume, which nobody can range in so use- 
 fully to mankind as yourself. I must take the liberty 
 of troubling your Lordship with a petition to your 
 brother the Governor of Jamaica,* whom I have not 
 the pleasure of being acquainted with myself. It is 
 to recommend to his protection and favour a relation 
 of mine, one Captain Stanhope, who is now there, and, 
 I believe, has some little employment given him by the 
 present Deputy Governor, Mr. Moore. My kinsman 
 was formerly an Officer of the footguards, but being a 
 man of wit and pleasure, shared the common fate of that 
 sort of gentleman, and was obliged to leave England 
 and go to Jamaica, for (I doubt) more than suspicion 
 of debt. I am assured that he is now quite reformed, 
 and has a mind to be an honest man. 
 
 " I am with the greatest honour and esteem, 
 " Your Lordship's 
 
 Most faithfull, humble servant, 
 
 " Chesterfield." 
 
 Lord Chesterfield's handwriting is beautiful, and the 
 easiest possible to read. 
 
 Lord Lyttelton's " Dialogues of the Dead " had just 
 appeared. Of these Mrs. Montagu wrote three, viz. 
 Dialogues 26, 27, 28, Writing to Mrs. Carter, she 
 says — 
 
 " I have just received my dear Mrs. Carter's letter, 
 and am very happy in her approbation of 'the Dia- 
 logues.' With her encouragement I do not know but 
 
 * William Henry, son of Sir Thomas Lyttelton ; he was created Baron 
 Westcote of Ballymore in 1776; died in 1808. 
 
i76o-] EARL FERRERS' EXECUTION, 183 
 
 at last I may become an author in form. It enlarges 
 the sphere of action and lengthens the short period of 
 human life. To become universal and lasting is an 
 ambition which none but great genius's should indulge ; 
 but to be read by a few, a few years, may be aspired 
 to. . . . The Dialogues, I mean the three worst, have 
 had a more favourable reception than I expected. 
 Lord Lyttelton's have been admired to the greatest 
 degree." 
 
 Mrs. Montagu had vainly tried to conceal her part 
 as joint author of the "Dialogues." Mrs. Donnellan 
 immediately challenged her as to whether she or Mrs. 
 Carter had written them, and Mrs. Montagu was fain to 
 confess Mrs. Carter was not responsible for them. The 
 fine ladies were much offended at Dialogue 27, between 
 Mercury and "Mrs. Modish," a modern fine lady, in 
 which they were taken off". The authoress was dis- 
 gusted at the fine ladies' conduct in going to the trial 
 and sentence of Lord Ferrers * for murdering his 
 steward. She says to Mrs. Carter — 
 
 " I own the late instance of their going to hear Lord 
 Ferrers' sentence particularly provoked me. The 
 Ladies crowded to the House of Lords to see a wretch 
 brought, loaded with crime and shame, to the Bar, to 
 hear sentence of a cruel and ignominious death, which, 
 considering only this world, casts shame back on his 
 ancestors and all his succeeding family." 
 
 The Rev. William Robinson had become engaged 
 to a Miss Mary Richardson, daughter of Mr. Adam 
 Richardson ; she had a portion of ;£"io,ooo. The poet 
 Gray called her " a very good-humoured, cheerful 
 woman." From other letters it appears she was not 
 good-fooking, but amiable. This letter, written by Mrs. 
 
 * Laurence, Earl Ferrers, was hanged at Tyburn, on May S, 1760. 
 
I84 WILLIAM ROBINSON'S WEDDING. [Ch. IV. 
 
 Montagu to her sister Sarah, describes the wedding, 
 which appears to have taken place at the end of June. 
 
 " Saturday night, after ten. 
 
 "My dearest Sister, 
 
 " ' I'll tell thee, Sail, where I have been. 
 Where I the rarest sights have seen, 
 Oh ! sights beyond compare ! ' 
 
 " The Bride triste, the Bridegroom tristissimo ; but 
 to the order of the nuptials, Pappa Robinson and Mr. 
 Richardson* in Pappa's postchaize, bride and bride- 
 groom, Mrs. M(orris) Robinson and Sister Montagu in 
 her coach and six. Brother Morris Robinson and Mr. 
 Montagu in Brother Morris' postchaise, so went we 
 to Kensington Church, the neighbours gazing, the 
 children running, the mob gathering ; from Church we 
 went to Greenwich, where the Bridegroom gave us a 
 very elegant and splendid dinner : then we walk'd in 
 Greenwich Park, return'd to the Inn to drink tea, after 
 tea the Bride and Bridegroom and Mr. Richardson got 
 into my coach, I carry'd them to Kensington, and there I 
 left the lovely loving pair. . . . William smiled and 
 looked in high beauty as we went, as we return'd he was 
 grave, angry perhaps, that Phoebus did not gallop apace 
 his fiery-footed steeds and hasten on the happy hour. 
 Never was wedding so decent, so orderly, so unlike a 
 wedding, none of your fulsome fondness, I assure you, 
 a few fond glances, but not a syllable addressed to each 
 other. I believe William will behave well, and she" is 
 sensible and good-natured. ... I am glad the wedding 
 is over that I may depart on Monday to Tunbridge.^ I 
 have been disappointed of my lodgings, the lady who 
 was to have left them being ill, but I have got a house 
 for a week till I can have that I had hired." 
 
 From Tunbridge Wells on Tuesday, June 30, Mrs 
 Montagu writes to her husband, then in Hill Street — 
 
 * The bride's brother ; her father was dead. 
 
i76o.] "MOUNT EPHRAIM." 185 
 
 " My Dearest, 
 
 " I had a very agreeable journey hither, but 
 found my present lodging too small to receive the maids 
 who are to come in the postchaise, so cannot send for 
 them till Lady Fitzwilliam is well enough to leave Dr. 
 Morley's. I can give but little account of Tunbridge as 
 yet. I drank the waters at the well this morning, and 
 have now taken leave of the walks till to-morrow, as 
 this fine weather will be better spent in an airing than 
 on the Pantiles. . . . Lord Bath was on the Walks, and 
 General Pulteney,* and Mr. and Mrs. Torriano and Mr. 
 Marriott. Many of the ladies are too lazy to come down 
 in a morning, and those that do come to the well are 
 an hour later than when I was here last." 
 
 Miss Botham now joined Mrs. Montagu, who was 
 looking out for a house for Lord Lyttelton. 
 
 " I believe your Lordship must accept of a house on 
 Mount Ephraim, which Lady Pembroke laid in last year, 
 for I do not believe I can get you a better. Order your 
 postillion to stop at Mr. Dowding's on Mount Ephraim 
 when you come, and there your Lordship shall be in- 
 form'd of the certain place of your abode." 
 
 On July 14, Dr. Stillingfleet writes from Stratton to 
 Mrs. Montagu to thank her for a letter, and says he was 
 out of health and spirits ; 
 
 " this has hindered me from receiving so much pleasure 
 from the unexpected kindness of Lord Barringtont 
 as might naturally have been expected." He then 
 cdmments on her disappointment " at the smallness of 
 the favour conferred upon me, for it seems to me much 
 superior to anything i would have expected. However 
 favourable you, dear Madam, may judge me, i cannot 
 
 ♦ Lord Bath's brother. 
 
 t 2nd Viscount Barrirfgton, Secretary for War in 1755, etc. 
 
1 86 THE STANLEY FAMILY. [Ch. IV. 
 
 rate my talents so highly as to think they are under- 
 valued at ;£'ioo per ann., when no business is to be done 
 for it." This was his appointment as Master of Kensing- 
 ton Barracks, which took place on June 12. "I had a 
 letter from Dr. Monsey dated Wotton, that gives me much 
 concern, for by his account he seems to be in a bad state 
 of health, and i should think by no means qualified to 
 travel in the pais {sic) du tendre, but he is a thorough- 
 paced hero, and can be romantic in the midst of pain. 
 Should you lose your knight errant.i do not think the 
 world can furnish you with a successor, for amongst all 
 your other admirers you will not perhaps meet with one 
 who at seventy is capable of all the tenderness which 
 they have at twenty. ..." After this he alludes to the 
 inflammation of the eyes Mrs. Montagu was suffering 
 from. " If you cannot see to write he and all your 
 friends will lose one of their greatest pleasures. Has he 
 prescribed the Vitriol Water ? " 
 
 Miss Anne Stanley, daughter of Mr. Stanley, of 
 Paultons, Hants, and grand-daughter of Sir Hans 
 Sloane, now joined Mrs. Montagu from " Clewar," near 
 Windsor.* Anne and Sarah Stanley lived with their 
 mother, Sarah Stanley, and were the intimate friends 
 of Lord Lyttelton, whom Anne mentions in a letter of 
 July 29. "Lord Lyttelton returned to us yesterday, 
 and has had a bad night with the pain in his back, 
 which has made him resolve to give up Sunning Hill 
 Waters." Anne eventually married Welbore Ellis, 
 afterwards Lord Mendip. Sarah married Christopher 
 D'Oyley, M.P. Their one brother was the Right Hon. 
 Hans Stanley,t Lord of the Admiralty from 1757 to 1763. 
 
 On August 2 Lord Lyttelton writes from Hill 
 Street — 
 
 " Monsieur des Champs brought me his translation 
 * Now known as Clewer, t He died in 1780. 
 
i76o.] BALL AT TUNBRIDGE WELLS. 187 
 
 of your three Dialogues. They are as well done as 
 the poverty of the French tongue will admit. But 
 such eloquence as yours must lose by being transposed 
 into any other language. . . . There is great mourning 
 in the gay world for poor Lady Lincoln.* I have seen 
 her so lively, so cheerfull, so happy, that it shocks me 
 to think of her sudden dissolution, and it frights me 
 when I think that I have very dear friends who may 
 as suddenly die, and especially some whose spirits, like 
 hers, exceed their strength. Monsey says he cannot tell 
 what was the cause of her death." 
 
 In the next letter to her husband, who was going 
 to Sandleford, Mrs. Montagu says — 
 
 " I went to the ball last Friday, it was the first time 
 I had been to the publick rooms, and it had like to 
 have been fatal to me, for the coachman not being 
 acquainted with the place, the night dark, and having 
 no flambeaux, had like to have overturned just coming 
 out from Joy's Rooms, down a place where the coach 
 would have been entirely topsy-turvy; the footmen 
 were thrown off from behind, but several people being 
 by, the coach was held up, and I got safe out, and no 
 hurt done to the persons or machine. My fright was 
 such I did not get my rest till six o'clock in the morning. 
 I had many civil messages in the morning, and Lord 
 and Lady Feversham came up the hill to inquire after 
 me; my nerves are still a little the worse. If the 
 coach had fallen it would have gone down some feet, 
 but the standers-by behaved with great humanity, bear- 
 ing a very heavy load on their shoulders. I believe 
 our new coachman is too lazy to serve us. The danger 
 I was in when John and the postillion were drunk and 
 had like to have overturned us on a gallop against a 
 post when we came from Windsor, and ray second 
 
 * Catherine Pelham, daughter of Henry Pelham, brother to the ist 
 Duke of Newcastle ; she died July 27, 1760. 
 
I88 A GENTLEMAN COACHMAN. [Ch. IV. 
 
 peril on Friday, makes me tremble whenever I get 
 into the machine." 
 
 To this Mr. Montagu replies — 
 
 " My Dearest, 
 
 " I am more concerned than j can express at the 
 peril you were in. I tremble and shudder when j consider 
 how fatal the consequences might have been if you had 
 been actually overturned. ... I have inquired after the 
 cause of this unhappy affair, and though Ned says he 
 cannot say the coachman was drunk, still he had been 
 at the Ale House, and when he came home said there 
 was no danger, and that the boys made almost as much 
 noise as his Mistress. I find he is a lazy, proud, and 
 what they call a gentleman coachman, and such as j 
 would very soon get rid of" 
 
 Ned was the head groom, and Mrs. Montagu pro- 
 posed substituting him for the coachman, as he was 
 honest and sober. To this her husband replies, " I wish 
 he had more experience, but j should with all that think 
 j run no great hazard in trusting him, besides he might 
 practise to go out with the six horses of times when 
 you did not want him." To turn a lumbering coach 
 and six must have been a most intricate affair. Ned 
 was promoted to be coachman, but only to practise with 
 the coach and six ; " a coachman to a Mr. Lambard, and 
 afterwards to Captain Pannel's heir," was employed 
 when the coach went out, being then under a job-master, 
 one Mr. Jarret, and a chaise and pair conveyed Mrs. 
 Montagu to the Wells. 
 
 " The gentleman here ordered the place of my danger 
 to be mended and acquainted me he had done so, and 
 hoped I should not be frighted away from the balls. 
 
 "Sir Roger Twisden inquired much after you and 
 
i76o.] CHARACTER OF LORD BATH. 1 89 
 
 my Father. He stays but a few days here. Lord Bath 
 was ill again yesterday, he told me he was mortified 
 that he had never been able to wait on me, but he was 
 so weak he could not venture to trouble any one with a 
 visit. I think he is in a bad way, but has a great deal 
 of witt whenever he is tolerably well. His Lordship, I 
 know, has been prejudiced in my favour by some of his 
 friends, who are also friends of mine and Mr. Domville 
 in particular, which I believe has given him a desire to 
 be acquainted with me, but I believe he will hardly be 
 able to make a visit this season, and in London he never 
 visits any one who does not inhabit a ground floor. 
 He has still a fine countenance, and those piercing 
 eyes that denote a mind extraordinarily lively and 
 penetrating." 
 
 William Pulteney, Earl of Bath, was born in April, 
 1684, hence he was at this period turned seventy-six. 
 He had lost his wife, nie Anna Maria Gumley, in 1758. 
 Mrs. Montagu must have known him in a superficial 
 society way, as a description of a great rout given by 
 Lady Bath some years previously is in this book. 
 But now was to commence that tender intimacy and 
 affectionate friendship between them that lasted to his 
 death, and which prompted him, even in the act of 
 dying, to stagger from his bed and write a few lines 
 of adieu to her as his last effort — sacred lines which 
 I possess and treasure! For his political character I 
 must re^r the reader to history, and the " Dictionary of 
 National Biography." As regards his private character 
 I cannot do better than quote Elizabeth Carter's account 
 of him in " Memoirs of her Life." It was probable that 
 through Mrs. Carter, who was a great friend of his, he 
 began to appreciate the manifold charms of Elizabeth 
 Montagu. This is what Mrs. Carter says — 
 
 " None of his friends, I believe, will remember him 
 
190 LORD MANSFIELD. [Ch. IV. 
 
 longer and very few with equal affection. Indeed, 
 there was something in his conversation and manners 
 more engaging than can be described. With all those 
 talents which had so long rendered him the object of 
 popular admiration, he had not the least tincture of that 
 vanity and importance which is too often the conse- 
 quence of popular applause. He never took the lead in 
 conversation, or even assumed that superiority to which 
 he had a claim, as he was blessed with an exemption 
 from many of the pains and infirmities of old age ; he 
 had none of its defects. In so many months as I was 
 continually in his company last year (1763), I do not 
 recollect a single instance of peevishness the whole 
 time. His temper always appeared equal. There was 
 a perpetual flow of vivacity and good humour in his 
 conversation, and the most attentive politeness in his 
 behaviour, nor was this the constrained eff'ort of exter- 
 nal and partial good breeding, but the natural turn of 
 his mind, and operated so uniformly on all occasions 
 that I never heard him use a harsh or even an uncivil 
 expression to any of his servants." 
 
 At the end of Mrs. Montagu's letter she states that 
 Lord Mansfield * had shown her 
 
 " great civilities the few hours he was here ... an old 
 quaker of four-score, who was reckoned one of the 
 greatest Chymists in Europe, and is a man of witt and 
 learning and who was connected with all the witts of the 
 last age, has taken a great fancy to me because he will 
 believe, in spite of all I can say, that I wrote certain 
 ' Dialogues,' and he sits by me so cordially and attends 
 on me so much, that if he was forty and I was twenty 
 years younger it would be scandalous. . . . Torriano 
 will be kill'd by the Archbishop's f sumptuous fare, who 
 
 ♦ William Murray, Earl of Mansfield, born 1704, died 1793 ; eminent 
 statesman, Lord Chief Justice, etc. 
 
 t John Gilbert, Archbishop of York, 1757 to 1761. Torriano seems to 
 have been then his secretary. 
 
i76o.] WINNING A COAL MINE. 191 
 
 feeds more like a pig of Epicurus than the head of a 
 Christian Church." 
 
 Mr. Montagu had been at Sandleford, where Morris, 
 his wife, and little boy were spending some time. The 
 little Morris was a great favourite, and delight to poor 
 Mr. Montagu, who loved children. He was now pre- 
 paring to set off northwards to Northumberland, having 
 two collieries which he was going to work, or, as the ex- 
 pression was, to "win," viz. Leamington and "Denton." 
 The first would cost a ;^iooo, the latter, now called 
 " Montagu's main," ;^Sooo. He consults his wife about 
 all this, and adds, " I think j shall not while j live get 
 rid of the trouble my succession has brought upon me, 
 and have only one object, who, j hope, will reap the 
 benefit of all my labour." This meant his wife. At 
 Tunbridge his wife, with " all our fine ladies and gentle- 
 men," was attending Mr. Ferguson's lectures on Philo- 
 sophy. In a letter of Lord Lyttelton's he mentions 
 his brother Richard. "Sir Richard, or rather 'Duke 
 Lyttelton's ' * Royall villa at Richmond, a finer room I 
 never saw, and he seems made to sitt in it, with all 
 the dignity of a gouty Prince. But though I greatly 
 admired it, I would not have his gout to have his room." 
 
 To this letter a long answer is returned by Mrs. 
 Montagu, and she informs Lord Lyttelton that, despite 
 her eyes being very weak, she had been reading 
 
 "the new translation of Sophocles. . . . The CEdipus 
 Coloneus affected me extreamly, and would have done 
 so more if it had not been for the constant presence of 
 the Chorus, but the passions are awed and checked by a 
 crowd. I am more than ever averse to the Chorus 
 because, though the translator tells us the Choruses of 
 
 * He had married the Dowager Duchess of Bridgewater in 1745. She 
 was second wife to Scroop, ist Duke of Bridgewater. 
 
192 LADY HERVEY. [Ch. IV. 
 
 Sophocles are less alien to the subject of the Drama, 
 than those of any other tragedian, yet here they hurt 
 the interest of it very much." 
 
 She adds that she has " sent 4 sets of dressing boxes 
 from hence as your Lordship desired. At the same 
 time I took the liberty to send on a cheap set of tea-cups 
 and coffee cups for a Tunbridge faring." Lord Lyttelton 
 returns answer, saying, " I dined at Dicky Bateman's 
 half gothick, half attick, half Chinese and completely 
 fribble house." There he met "my old Love, Lady 
 Hervey,* and my new love, Mrs. Hancock t not to men- 
 tion Lady Primrose,? for whom I have a great friend- 
 ship." Lord Lyttelton was highly delighted with a 
 favourable criticism of his first volumes of his " History 
 of Henry II." by the great Earl of Hardwicke,§ too long 
 to be inserted here. Lord Lyttelton had been rebuild- 
 ing II Hagley House, his seat in Worcestershire, which 
 was about to be publicly reopened. On August 18 he 
 writes from there to say he has had to put this off till 
 September i. 
 
 " I have the pleasure to tell you that I find everything 
 done incomparably well, as far as is done, and that the 
 Beauty and Elegance of my House, upon the whole, 
 exceeds my expectations. The bed which is adorned 
 with your handywork is so pretty that if you were to 
 see it I think you would own your pains were not lost. 
 And then the prospect out of that chamber is so delight- 
 ful, and in case of a rainy day the prints it is hung with 
 
 * A celebrated beauty, nde Mary LepeH, widow of John, Lord Hervey, 
 Pope's " Sporus." 
 
 t Mrs. Hancock, sister-in-law to Mrs. Vesey by Mrs. Vesey's first 
 marriage. 
 
 X Lady Primrose, widow of 3rd Viscount Primrose. 
 
 § Philip Yorke, ist Earl of Hardwicke, born 1690, died 1764 ; Lord 
 Chancellor, etc. 
 
 II Mr. Millar was the architect. 
 
1760.] HAGLEY PARK. 1 93 
 
 are so amusing that if you were at Hagley I believe you 
 would wish to lodge there yourself, and leave the best 
 apartment to vulgar women of quality, who love finery 
 better than the delicate beauties of Nature and Art. 
 My lower print room in the Atticks is also much obliged 
 to you for the boxes of its Toilette, which suit admirably 
 well with the furniture of it." 
 
 He then points out to her that "the glass lustres 
 and the feathers for my bedroom are wanting," and 
 to order their despatch. 
 
 In reply to this Mrs. Montagu writes to Tom, to 
 spare his father's writing, to say she delivered the 
 girandoles herself to Mr. Griffith. 
 
 " I shall be mortified if they do not make part of 
 the glories of the first. . . . My imagination will attend 
 all the ceremonies of the day, and should my spirit 
 appear it will not come like Banquo's ghost to frown 
 on the banquet, and least of all to frighten and menace 
 the noble Master of the feast to whom I wrote a long 
 and happy enjoyment of his new palace." 
 
 Anne Stanley now left Mrs. Montagu, and her sister 
 Sarah, afterwards Mrs. D'Oyley, took her place. 
 
 Mr. Montagu, who was contemplating going to 
 Northumberland, paid his wife a short visit at Tunbridge, 
 and started back to London on September 2. On 
 September 4 his wife, in her letter to him, says — 
 
 "You may remember to have heard Lord Bath talk 
 of a robbery here which a gentleman was suspected 
 to have committed, of Bank bills to the amount of £300 ; 
 this person, finding he was suspected, it is supposed, 
 threw them this morning into the musick gallery on 
 the Walks, where one of the Fidlers found them, and 
 is entitled to £$0 reward. The person who was guilty 
 
 VOL. II. o 
 
194 DR. MONSEY'S WAYS. [Ch. IV. 
 
 of this theft is a gentleman, and his brother is an officer 
 of credit in the army, so one is glad he escapes, but 
 the circumstances almost amount to a conviction. 
 The person robbed was so overjoy'd at finding his 
 bills he seem'd in a fever this morning." 
 
 Dr. Monsey, seriously unwell, but anxious to see 
 his beloved friend, paid Mrs. Montagu a short visit 
 at Tunbridge to take farewell of her before her setting 
 out to join her husband in Northumberland. In a letter 
 to Lord Lyttelton of September 7 she says — 
 
 "The great Monsey came hither on Friday and stays 
 till Thursday, he is an excellent piece of Tunbridge 
 Ware. He is great in the Coffee house, great in the 
 rooms, and great on the Pantiles. Bucks, Divines, 
 Misses, and Virtuosi are all equally agreeable to him. 
 Miss Sally Stanley leaves me on Friday. There is no 
 abatement of Lord Bath's* passion and I have had 
 two sides of folio paper from the Bishop of London,! 
 so affectionate, so polite, so badine it would surprise 
 you. I answered his Lordship's first letter, concerning 
 the ' Highland Poems,' t and with great deference 
 urged the reasons which induced me to esteem them 
 genuine. His Lordship pays great compliment to what 
 I had said on the subject, answering other parts of my 
 letter with spirit and gaiety, and at last concludes that, 
 in spite of 83, without a voice, and with shaking hands, 
 he had endeavoured to follow my train of thought, 
 which he should always look upon as a very good 
 direction." 
 
 She then informs Lord Lyttelton — 
 
 " I shall take leave of Tunbridge to-morrow sennight, 
 
 • Lord Bath had become an ardent admirer of her. 
 
 t Thomas Sherlock, born 1678, died 1761. 
 
 t Macpherson's " Fragments of Ancient Poetry," from the Gaelic. 
 
i76o.] MR. ALLAN RAMSAY. I9S 
 
 the 15th of September. I shall take two days' rest in 
 London, and propose to set out on Thursday, i8th. . . ." 
 
 Mrs. Montagu had invited Mr. and Mrs. Allan Ramsay 
 to visit her at Tunbridge. Allan Ramsay was a portrait 
 painter of note, son of Allan Ramsay * the Scotch poet, 
 who wrote " The Gentle Shepherd " and other poems. 
 He writes on September 1 1 thus — 
 
 " Madam, 
 
 "By a letter from my wife last post, I learn 
 that you have been so good as to renew your invitation 
 to us to be your guests at Tunbridge — an offer so 
 advantageous that my not availing myself of it sooner 
 must put my understanding in a suspicious light, from 
 whence I should be glad to have it extricated and not to 
 write so long an Apology as Colley Gibber's for my life, 
 thus it is. Two small daughters were inoculated; it 
 was necessary for me and mine to perform quarantine 
 at a distance from many of our most respectable friends, 
 particularly from you ; I had some business to settle in 
 Scotland, and my friend Wedderburne t was going 
 thither alone. Having finished my business within my 
 fortnight of Quarantine, I have been detained from day 
 to day in hopes of seeing his Grace of Argyll, of whose 
 setting out we got the first certain account yesterday by 
 a lettej: from Grantham. Whether this relation will give 
 you a more favourable opinion of my sense than you 
 would have had without it, I don't know, but by much 
 drinking with David Hume and his associates, I have 
 learnt to be very historical ; and am nightly confirmed 
 in the belief that it is much easier to tell the How than 
 the IVhy of any thing, and that it is, moreover, better 
 suited to the state of man ; who, we are satisfied from 
 self-examination, is anything rather than a rational 
 animal. I am sorry to hear that you propose to leave 
 
 * Allan Ramsay, the poet, born 1686, died 1758. 
 t Sir John Wedderburne, born 1729, died 1803. 
 
196 LETTER TO THE DUCHESS OF PORTLAND. [Ch. IV. 
 
 Tunbridge so soon as the 15th. If you happen to have 
 such heavenly weather there as we have in this place, 
 you will be probably tempted to stay some days longer; 
 in which case my wife and I may still enjoy the pleasure, 
 with which we flattered ourselves, of passing a day or 
 two with you. I see by the newspapers that Admiral 
 Boscawen is come safe home, and when you write to the 
 Lady, be so good as to transmit my hearty congratula- 
 tions, who am, with the greatest respect, 
 " Madam, 
 
 " Your most obliged 
 
 and most faithfull Servant, 
 
 "Allan Ramsay. 
 
 " Edinburgh, Sept. 11, 1760." 
 
 On September 15 Mrs. Montagu returned to Hill 
 Street. Oh Thursday, the i8th, she enclosed Bishop 
 Sherlock's* letter to her for the Duchess of Portland 
 to read. 
 
 " Hill Street, Thursday. 
 " Madam, 
 
 " I have enclosed the Bishop of London's 
 letter, which I beg of your Grace to keep till you have 
 a leisure hour in which I may receive it from your 
 hands, either here or at Whitehall ; in the mean time I 
 am perfectly satisfied as to the letter being safe, and 
 shall not wish to have it return'd till it is most con- 
 venient to your Grace to pay me for any pleasure it 
 may have given you, by that I shall have in its pro- 
 curing me an hour of your company. I think indeed 
 the letter will afford you a good deal of pleasure, it 
 must be a great comfort to every good mind to see how 
 religion can impart not only patience but even cheerful- 
 ness under the greatest bodily infirmities. I find it will 
 be necessary to trouble your Grace with some explana- 
 tion of the Bishop's letter. Before I went to Tunbridge, 
 
 * Thomas Sherlock, born 1678, died 1761. 
 
i76o.] HIGHLAND POEMS. 197 
 
 I sent his Lordship the ' Highland Poems/ * by the Dean 
 of York, and the day before I went to Tunbridge my 
 Lord sent them back with a very obliging note to thank 
 me for them, but express'd his opinion that they were 
 not genuine. I was a little distress'd by this favour, as 
 I had not an opportunity to wait on the Bishop before 
 my journey. I thought to write to him and assume the 
 air of being his correspondent would have too much 
 appearance of presumption, and not to thank him for 
 his note might look like neglect, so I waited till the 
 season allow'd me to send him some wheatears and to 
 assure him I wrote only as his poulterer. As it was 
 natural to take notice of, what his Lordship had said 
 concerning the poems, I ventured with the utmost 
 deference to give the reasons why I should have believed 
 them to be genuine and original, and then return'd back 
 to my character of Poulterer and desir'd his Lordship to 
 forgive my presumption and order my letter to be put 
 on the wheatears when roasting to preserve them from 
 being burnt. I ask pardon for this long story, but it 
 was necessary as a key to the Bishop's letter. Your 
 Grace will find some mistakes made by his Secretary. 
 
 " I was misinform'd the other night when I told your 
 Grace Mr. Wortley Montague was gone abroad, he is in 
 England, but where is a secret even to his lawyer, and 
 those who are imploy'd on his affairs. I thought it 
 right to let your Grace know this, as it appears to me very 
 singular, as he is now under the protection of privilege. 
 I know you will be so good as not to mention I told your 
 Grace this unless it be to Lady Bute, who I should think 
 had better know this circumstance. I beg my best 
 respects to my Lord Duke, and Lady Harriet Bentinck. 
 
 " With the greatest regard, 
 " I am. Madam, 
 " Your Grace's 
 
 most obliged most obed' 
 and faithful humble Serv*, 
 
 "E. Montagu." 
 
 * " Fragments of Ancient Poetry," translated from the Erse or Gaelic 
 language, by James Macpherson. 
 
198 BISHOP SHERLOCK'S LETTER. [Ch. IV. 
 
 This is the Bishop's letter — 
 
 " Fulham, ye ist Septemb', 1760. 
 
 " Madam, 
 
 " When I was a boy at Eton school, I remember 
 it was a Principle of the Law Marshall (practised 
 there): that he who gave the second blow was the 
 beginner of the Fray ; and there is something in it, if 
 you consider it; however at this time, it will help to 
 excuse me from the Presumption and folly of inviting 
 you to a Combat, in which I can have no hopes of 
 success. When I read on, and observe with what 
 accuracy and finesse you trace the motions of the Heart, 
 and call Nature from the inmost recess's to discover 
 plainly what arts is usually employ'd to conceal ; I am 
 confounded. 
 
 " It is true indeed that you have named the Passions 
 and Qualifications of the person to be Described, but 
 what Work will a man make, who should think that he 
 had got all the Secrets; tho' he was unacquainted or 
 incapable to understand it, to such a man. Alexander 
 the Great and Diogines (sic) are Characters alike, for 
 they were both Actuated by the Spirit of Ambition, one 
 who wanted a new World to display himself in, the 
 other valued nothing beyond the Tub he lived in. In 
 the midst of this Philosophical enquirey about the 
 Passions, you very artfully turn to your Family Affairs 
 and give (I doubt not) excellent directions to the Cook 
 w"" shows you to be as great in the Kitchin as in the 
 Closet, which indeed is the only way of being great in 
 either. 
 
 " Nothing, I think, is more disagreeable than Learn- 
 ing in a Female, when the Mistress studys Newton, 
 which perhaps she neither does nor ever will under- 
 stand, to the absolute neglect of her Children and 
 Servants. You conclude by putting in your claim for 
 the Lady's Privilege, which is a very extensive one ; 
 give me leave to tell you a short story. 
 
 " There was a poor Printer who had got a little sum 
 
i76o.] "MORE LAST WORDS." 199 
 
 of Money, by publishing the last words of a dying 
 Criminal, and he grew so fond of last words, that after 
 the Man had been long dead, he published another 
 paper called more last words. Thus you see, Madam, 
 that I have in spite of eighty-three, without a Voice, and 
 with shaking Hands, endeavoured to follow your Strain 
 of thought, which I shall always look upon to be a very 
 good direction. My time of Life calls upon me to think 
 of other Subjects, and the greatest of all to Jusiifie the 
 ways of God to men. This theme can never wear out, it 
 takes in the whole of God's Dispensation, with respect 
 to the Religion of the World, and shows by the connec- 
 tion in the several parts that the whole is the work of 
 perfect Wisdom. 
 
 " But I am going to preach instead of Answering a 
 short letter, you will pardon me for looking back upon 
 my old profession, and believe me to be, with the 
 greatest Sincerity, 
 
 " Madam, 
 " Your most obedient Humble Serv*, 
 
 " Tho : London. 
 
 " P.S. — Mrs. Sherlock and Mrs. Chester desire their 
 respectfull compliments." 
 
 The Bishop's amanuensis' spelling and capital letters 
 are singular. The letter is signed in trembling charac- 
 ters, " Tho : London." 
 
 On September 19 Mrs. Montagu set out from Hill 
 Street on her journey to Northumberland, starting in 
 a postchaise and picking up Ned and her own horses 
 at Baldock, and so reached Buckden on the same day. 
 She writes to Mr. Montagu — 
 
 " I call'd on Dr. Young at Welling and staid about 
 two hours with him, he received me with great 
 cordiality, and I think appears in better health than 
 ever I saw him. His house is happily opposite to a 
 
200 DR. YOUNG. [Ch. IV. 
 
 church yard, which is to him a fine prospect ; he has 
 taught his imagination to sport with skulls like the 
 grave-digger in Hamlet. He invited me to stay all 
 night, and if my impatience to see you had not impell'd 
 me on, I had been tempted to it. His conversation has 
 always something in it very delightful ; in the first place 
 it is animated by the warmest benevolence, then his 
 imagination soars above the material world, some 
 people would say his conversation is not natural. I 
 say it is natural of him to be unnatural, that is out of 
 the ordinary course of things. It would be easier for 
 him to give you a catalogue of the Stars than an inven- 
 tory of the Household furniture he uses every day. 
 The busy world may say what it pleases, but some men 
 were made for speculation, metaphysical men, like jars 
 and flower pots, make good furniture for a cabinet tho' 
 useless in the kitchen, the pantry and the Dairy." 
 
 In a fragment of a letter to Lord Lyttelton, Mrs. 
 Montagu describes her visit to Dr. Young. She had 
 heard " the Dialogues of the Dead praised to the highest 
 degree, and with taste and judgment in a most delicate 
 sense of their moral merits." 
 
 Through Mrs. Montagu, Dr. Monsey sends to Dr. 
 Young a powder for his rheumatism. From " Hog 
 Magog" on September 26, Dr. Monsey writes a long 
 letter to Lord Lyttelton, describing his visit to Tunbridge 
 to see "dear Amadissa," meaning Mrs. Montagu. In 
 it he says — 
 
 " It may be new to your Lordship tho' not strange, 
 that the Earl of Bath is fall'n desperately in love with 
 one who seems not insensible of his passion, and I 
 think 'tis time for you and I to look about us, for an 
 Earl is better than a Baron or a quack Doctor ... it 
 is impossible for me to tell your Lordship with what 
 warmth he talk'd to me about her, and so now there are 
 3 fools of us. ' She is the most extraordinary woman 
 
1760.] MR. BOWES' FUNERAL. 201 
 
 in the world ' with a nod of the head and a grave face, 
 ' she beats a french Duchess with an hard name all to 
 
 pieces, upon my word. Doctor, she is ' ' Ay, so she 
 
 is, my Lord, but neither I nor you know what.' ' Suppose 
 we say angel.' ' No,' says I, ' Devil, for she leads us all 
 into temptation.' " 
 
 On receipt of this. Lord Lyttelton wrote to Mrs. 
 Montagu, and says — 
 
 " I wish Lady Hervey * mayn't poison you for steal- 
 ing Lord Bath from her, as for myself, I will not plead 
 against him as my Rival that I am a younger man (for 
 that plea you will not regard) but that 1 am an older 
 friend. Adieu, inconstant woman, I feel horribly jealous, 
 but if you won't love me better, pray love me next to 
 Lord Bath." 
 
 He also chaffs her for spoiling Miss Stanley's chance 
 of marrying Lord Bath. 
 
 From Newcastle, on September 26, Mrs. Montagu 
 writes to her father — 
 
 "Sir, 
 
 " I arrived here last night and had the pleasure 
 of finding Mr. Montagu very well. He went this morn- 
 ing to Gibside to attend Mr. Bowes' t funeral obsequies, 
 which according to the custom of this county are to 
 be very pompous. Lord Ravensworth, Sir Walter 
 Blacket and all the gentlemen of Northumberland and 
 the county of Durham are to be at it, and I fear it will 
 be late at night before it is over, tho' they are to set out 
 about 4 from Gibside to go to the church. My cousin 
 Rogers' funeral we had order'd to be as private as 
 decency would permit, as he had been so long dead to 
 Society, but even that was attended by 38 gentlemen's 
 
 • Lady Hervey was a great friend of Lord Bath's.' 
 t George Bowes, of Gibside and Streatlam Castle. 
 
202 SIR JAMES COLEBROOKE. [Ch. IV. 
 
 coaches, so I suppose a publick funeral must be three 
 or four hundred. In the South people live with more 
 pomp and dye with less. I hope not to outlive all my 
 vanity, for I have seldom seen a good and never an 
 agreeable character without it, but I think it should 
 not survive one, and I should desire not to go to the 
 grave with all this bustle, not that I should be afraid 
 any one should say of my funeral, as Pope does of Sir 
 John Cutler's — 
 
 " ' When dead a thousand lights attend 
 
 The wretch who, living, sav'd a candle's end.' 
 
 I love a blaze of wax lights and my friends about my 
 living person very well, but the torches and the crowd 
 about my dead body would give me neither light nor 
 amusement. Sir Walter Blacket call'd here this morning, 
 and said he hoped to ride in Hyde Park with you about 
 the isth of November. I had a very pleasant journey, 
 for fine weather, like a good-humoured companion, 
 makes ordinary scenes appear chearfull and pleasant, 
 but from the time I left Hertfordshire till I got to 
 Doncaster, the counties I pass'd through were dreary 
 and barren, but if these prospects in the other counties 
 were brown, these in Northumberland are bleak, the 
 people in them a parcel of dirty Savages, so that I 
 cannot say with the Psalmist that my lot is fallen in 
 a fair ground, it is some comfort it is in a rich one, as 
 I shall see its produce at Sir James Colebrooke's in 
 Threadneedle Street with great pleasure. ... I met 
 Sir Thomas Clavering just before I got to Darlington ; 
 he desired me to present his best respects to you and 
 beg your vote and interest, he sets up for the county 
 of Durham in the room of Mr. Bowes. Mr. Montagu 
 gives him all his interest. If the Bishop of Durham 
 should declare for Mr. Shaftoe (a very young man 
 whose Father formerly served for Durham), Sir Thomas 
 will be hard press'd. Lord Darlington will support 
 Mr. Shaftoe, and most people imagine the Bishop of 
 Durham will do so too. When applied to for Sir 
 
i76o.] MISS BOWES. 203 
 
 Thomas Clavering, he answered he should act as he 
 found most agreeable to the majority of the county 
 gentlemen. Now I imagine Bishops as well as women 
 (both wear petticoats and a character of gentleness) 
 command while seeming to submit, ' and win their way 
 by yielding to the tyde/ and that my Lord Bishop in a 
 mild way of suggestion will bring the gentlemen to 
 that side he likes best, while he persuades them he 
 follows their inclination. I must say his Lordship is 
 much beloved from his liberality and affability, which 
 are fine moral qualities, as to Xian graces, no doubt but 
 he has them in a higher degree, so that as Prince Pala- 
 tine or Bishop he must influence many. The Dean of 
 Durham is strongly engaged to Sir Thomas, and there 
 will be a sort of schism in the church." 
 
 The Montagus were residing in Pilgrim Street, at 
 the town house of the late Mr. Rogers ; " an exceeding 
 good house " it is called. In conclusion Mrs. Montagu 
 says, " I shall send you some fatted moor game by the 
 first opportunity." 
 
 On October 11 Lord Lyttelton writes a long letter 
 to " Madonna " from Hagley, commenting on Mr. Bowes' 
 death. 
 
 "As his vanity descends with his estate to his 
 daughter, I don't wish to see her my daughter-in-law, 
 though she would make my son one of the richest and 
 consequently, in our present ideas of greatness, one of 
 the great peers of the Realm. But she will probably 
 be the prize of some needy Duke, who will want her 
 estate to repair the disasters of Newmarket and Arthur's, 
 or if she marries for love, of some ensign of the Guards, 
 or smart Militia captain." 
 
 Lord Lyttelton had just lost his clerical friend, Mr. 
 Meadowcourt, of Lindridge, to whom he pays a high 
 tribute. 
 
204 LINDRIDGE. [Ch. IV. 
 
 "His house was the abode of Philosophical quiet 
 and disinterested friendship. The scene about it was 
 elegant, mild and beautifull Nature. The Hills on each 
 side and the vale underneath it were covered with 
 orchards, with Hop yards, with corn or fine grazing 
 grounds thro' which wound a river. . . . Now the 
 Master is dead it is fall'n to the dullest of all dull 
 Divines, one Stillingfleet, cousin to him you know, 
 who has not taste enough to live there himself, but 
 leaves it to a curate. He desires his compliments to 
 Dr. Gregory, who was staying with the Montagus, and 
 adds, 'I am glad the Scotch like my Dialogues.' He 
 also desires if the Bishop of Ossory (Richard Pococke) 
 is with them to send him on to Hagley, and assures 
 Mrs. Montagu he is very well and grown quite plump. 
 His thinness was a constant joke with his friends, who 
 called him nothing but bones, and he contends if weighed 
 in the balance with Lord Bath, he would be found ' very 
 wanting.' The Devil take him for having so much witt 
 with so much flesh. He commends his new house 
 and his daughter, now living with him." 
 
 Dr. Monsey writes to Mrs. Montagu from St 
 James's on October 12, beginning the letter at 10 a.m., 
 continued at 9 p.m., and finished the next day at 
 Claremont. At the end of this letter he says that he 
 has been very unwell and reported dead ; he had made 
 his will. 
 
 " While I am writing I have your letter come in, 
 which gives an account of my death, which is true, but 
 save yourself the trouble of an epitaph for me or your 
 funeral sermon, for I have really given my body away 
 by will to a Surgeon at Cambridge, who is to make a 
 skeleton of my bones for the use of students in Physic, 
 so if you have begun your epitaph with 'Here he's 
 interr'd, etc.,' change it to ' Here hang the bones, etc.,' 
 and convert your sermon into an Osteological Lecture." 
 
i76o.] THE GREEK PLAYS AND SHAKESPEARE. 205 
 
 Mrs. Montagu, in a 'long letter to Lord Lyttelton 
 upon Euripides' and Sophocles' plays contrasted with 
 Shakespeare's, says — 
 
 "I am actually an inhabitant of Newcastle, and am 
 taking out my freedom, not out of a gold box, but by 
 entering into all the diversions of the place. I was at 
 a musical entertainment yesterday morning, at a concert 
 last night, at a musical entertainment this morning. I 
 have bespoken a play for to-morrow night, and shall 
 go to a ball on choosing a Mayor on Monday night " 
 
 To this Lord Lyttelton replies from Hagley on 
 October i8 — 
 
 "You tell me, good Madonna, that you are grown 
 as robust as a milkmaid. If you are so, I have no objec- 
 tion to your going to Balls, Plays or Poppet Shows 
 if you please every night ; but you have sometimes the 
 spirits of a milkmaid without the strength. However, 
 I believe Diversions are better for you than too much 
 reading, and therefore I am not sorry you have no time 
 to committ excess with your books. If I were to live 
 with you, I would not trust you in a Library or alone 
 in your Room but at stated hours with proper Intervals 
 of exercise and conversation. ... I am glad to hear we 
 shall have another volume of Highland Poems. To 
 stay your stomach (for, as I know, your appetite is 
 eager towards them), I send you a copy of four of a 
 later date than the others now printed, and not much 
 inferior to them in the Natural Beauty and Force of 
 Description, tho' not, I think, so bold and sublime. 
 Being purely descriptive, they could have nothing 
 dramatic or passionate in them as most of the others 
 have. But at the end of these you will find some 
 objections I have as a Chronologist and Historian to 
 the authenticity of the printed ones which it will be 
 hard to get over. Yet I am not persuaded myself they 
 are not genuine, for who can write so now? Mr. 
 
206 MR. RUST. [Ch. IV. 
 
 Rust * was so struck with them, he read them every 
 morning and evening aloud to the Family as a Chaplain 
 does Prayers. And the more I consider them, the more I 
 admire them. I have seen some specimens in a Latin 
 translation of the Poetry of the two most admired 
 Welsh Bards, but they don't in any degree approach 
 to the greatness and the Beauty of these. I am charmed 
 with your comparison between the Greek Plays and 
 Shakespear. He is indeed unequalled in the power 
 of painting Nature as she is and giving you sometimes 
 the utmost energy of a Character of a Passion in short 
 Stroke and Dash of his Pen. I also agree with you that 
 the moral Reflexions in Shakespear's Plays are much 
 more affecting by coming warm from the Heart of the 
 interested persons, than putt into the mouth of a chorus, 
 as in the Greek Plays. I am glad you like my favourite 
 Philoctetes. The faults you find with the Ajax are per- 
 fectly just, yet I feel the grief of that hero when he 
 returns to his Reason, and especially in the scene 
 between him and Termessa. Suppose Belisarius had 
 gone mad with the unjust Disgrace he had suffer' d, and 
 in his Distraction had done actions which dishonoured 
 and exposed him to the Ridicule of his enemies, what 
 a fine subject would it be for a play if he had killed 
 himself upon recovering the Use of Reason. Setting 
 aside the poetical Fiction, Ajax is Belisarius, and 
 Sophocles has painted the horrors of a great mind 
 so overwhelmed and confounded with shame in a 
 very masterly manner. ... I am glad your three 
 Dialogues are well liked in Scotland, where the Author 
 is not known. Those who know you and believe they 
 are yours are hardly fair judges. Your form and manners 
 would seduce Apollo himself in his throne of criticism 
 on Parnassus itself. ..." 
 
 Alluding to her visit to Tunbridge and the society 
 there, he says — 
 
 * Mr. Rust was travelling companion to the son of Mr. Hoare, of 
 Stourhead, the great banker. 
 
1760.] GREEN TEA AND SNUFF. 207 
 
 "There is Envy and Malice enough against Beauty 
 alone, but Beauty, Wit, Wisdom, Learning and Virtue 
 united (to say nothing about Wealth) are sure to excite 
 a Legion of Devils against the Possessor. It is amazing 
 to me that with all these dangerous things about you 
 you have not been driven out of Society a great while 
 ago." 
 
 In a fragment of a letter Lord Lyttelton writes, 
 " I presume Lady Hervey really likes them (the 
 Dialogues), Lord Chesterfield's warmth in their Praise 
 has secured her vote in their favour, in spite of Horace 
 Walpole and of Lord Bath." 
 
 From Newcastle, on October 24, Mrs. Montagu writes 
 to Mrs. Carter, telling her she had been suffering from 
 toothache. She mentions a sonnet sent to her by Mrs. 
 Carter, " which would have given me a pleasing melan- 
 choly if it had not represented your state and condition 
 as it did ; it cost me some tears and obliged me to go 
 from table where I received your letter. Teach me 
 to love you less or imitate you better. I admire the 
 resignation with which you submit to your pain.' 
 Mrs. Carter suffered from excruciating headaches at 
 this period. Lord Bath said that if she would drink 
 less green tea, take less snuff, and not study so much, 
 they would disappear. 
 
 Mrs. Montagu says the house at Newcastle was very 
 comfortable, and instead of an equipage, she could pay 
 visits to her neighbours in a Sedan chair. 
 
 " That I might not offend here I enter'd into all the 
 diversions of this town, visits, concerts, plays, and balls. 
 The desire of pleasure and love of dissipation rages 
 here as much as in London, Diversions here are less 
 elegant and conversation less polite, but no one imagines 
 retirement has any comforts, so that in a little while if 
 
208 DEATH OF KING GEORGE II. [Ch. IV. 
 
 one would enjoy retired leisure one must dwell amidst 
 inaccessible mountains and unnavigable rivers." 
 
 Dr. and Mrs. Delany had just paid a visit to Hagley, 
 which pleased them much. Dean Lyttelton, writing on 
 October 25 from Hagley, regrets that Bishop Pococke 
 (of Ossory) had not visited Hagley on his return from 
 Northumberland, where he had been staying with the 
 Montagus. Evidently old Mrs. Pococke, the Bishop's 
 wife, was dead, as the Dean says it is fortunate for the 
 Bishop his sister has made up her mind to remain at 
 Newtown.* 
 
 "Such a low-bred, narrow-spirited woman would 
 disgrace an episcopal house . . . Mr. Palgrave spent 
 two days here last week, and brought us some new Erse 
 poems which Lord Lyttelton sent you a few days since. 
 His strange figure and awkward silent behaviour did 
 not recommend him greatly to the inhabitants of Hagley, 
 or do much honour to my nephew's taste in his friend- 
 ships." 
 
 On October 25 King George II. died suddenly. Dr. 
 Monsey wrote to inform Mrs. Montagu of this event, 
 from St. James's, and that — 
 
 "The suddenness of his Death made people call it 
 an apoplexy, but I conclude otherwise from it. An 
 apoplexy, except when a vessel breaks in the brain, is 
 not so very rapid. People live four or six days or 
 more, that is, they breathe and have a pulse. The King 
 died in an instant, and from some strange odd faintnesses 
 and oppressions upon his breath, I was almost sure 'twas 
 in his heart or the great vessels near. And upon open- 
 ing him, the Aorta, the canal which receives the Blood 
 directly, was found burst (a very uncommon case), the 
 
 * Her mother's house near Newbury. 
 
i76o.] GEORGE III. KING. 209 
 
 Duke of Leeds says. I have known and seen it 
 thickened, cartilaginous (crusty), and ossified, but I 
 never met with a broken one ; however, 'tis a species of 
 Death he wished for, sudden, and nothing could be more 
 so than this, for the instant that vessel breaks, the heart 
 stops for ever and for ever. . . . 
 
 "The King* had a levee to-day at one o'clock at 
 Leicester House, and the Duke of Leeds, who with Mr. 
 Godolphin dined with us to-day, says he so designs every 
 day. No women are to appear at Court yet, so you may 
 finish your affairs without being in a hurry. The Court 
 goes into mourning on Sunday next 'tis said, and about 
 a month hence the King is to be buried." 
 
 From Hagley, on October 26, Lord Lyttelton 
 writes — 
 
 " Madonna, 
 
 " The sudden death of the King will make me 
 leave this place to-morrow, a week sooner than I had 
 intended, and I propose to be in town on Tuesday or 
 Wednesday. This is only to notify you, as I have not a 
 moment to spare. I suppose all things will go on as 
 they did for some time in the Court and the Nation. 
 Certainly it is no season for any great changes. As to 
 my own situation, I doubt not it will be as it is. The 
 Dean received an admirable letter from you last Post. 
 I have read it over and over with infinite pleasure. Come 
 well to London, and let all the world go as it will. Adieu, 
 you shall hear from me again as soon as I have seen my 
 friends in Town, and can tell you any news. I am perfectly 
 well, and am, Madam, 
 
 "Your most faithfuU 
 
 and obedient humble Serv', 
 
 " Lyttelton. 
 
 " My respectfull compliments to Mr. Montagu." 
 
 * George III. 
 VOL. IL P 
 
210 ON THE DEATH OF GEORGE II, [Ch. IV. 
 
 To this Mrs. Montagu replies— 
 
 "Newcastle, ye 31st October, 1760. 
 
 " My Lord, 
 
 " It would be perfect sacrilege and robbing the 
 mighty dead of his due rites, if one began one's letter 
 with any subject but the loss of our sovereign ; on which 
 I condole with your Lordship, in whom the virtue of 
 Patriotism, and the antequated one of Loyalty still remain. 
 I know you had that veneration for our late King which 
 the justice and prudence of his government so well 
 deserved. With him our laws and liberties were safe ; 
 he possessed in a great degree the confidence of his 
 people and the respect of foreign governments ; and a 
 certain steadiness of character made him of great con- 
 sequence in these unsettled times. During his long reign 
 we never were subject to the insolence and rapaciousness 
 of favourites, a grievance of all others most intolerable 
 when persons born only one's equals shall by the basest 
 means perhaps possess themselves of all the strength of 
 sovereign power, and keep their fellow subjects in a de- 
 pendance on illegal authority, which insults while it sub- 
 jects, and is more grievous to the spirits than even to the 
 fortunes of free-born men. If we consider only the evils 
 we have avoided during his late Majesty's reign, we shall 
 find abundant matter of gratitude towards him and respect 
 for his memory. His character would not afford subject 
 for Epic poetry, but will look well in the sober page of 
 history. Conscious, perhaps, of this, he was too little 
 regardful of sciences and the fine arts; he considered 
 common sense as his best panegyrist. The monarch 
 whose qualities are brilliant enough to entitle him to 
 glory, cultivates the love of the Muses, and their hand- 
 maid arts, painting, sculpture, etc., sensible that they will 
 blazon and adorn his fame. I hope our young Monarch 
 will copy his predecessor's solid virtues, and if he en- 
 deavours to make them more brilliant by the help of 
 poetry, eloquence, etc., etc., the happiness and glory of 
 Britain will be great. His present Majesty's religious 
 
i76o.] MR. MACPHERSON. 21 r 
 
 disposition, and decent moral conduct, give us hope we 
 shall not be plunged into riot, and lost in debauchery 
 and libertinism, which, if it were to take place at Court, 
 would soon affect a rich and luxurious nation, and the 
 profaneness and immorality of Charles the Second's days 
 would, from the more prosperous state of our nation at 
 present, be outdone. . . . 
 
 " I will now thank your Lordship for your letter and 
 the Highland compositions. Your remarks go far in 
 staggering my faith as to their authenticity. I think 
 they convince me the poems cannot be as ancient as 
 pretended. It seems to me possible, that some great 
 bard might from uncertain and broken tradition, and 
 from the scattered songs of former bards, form an epic 
 poem, which might not agree with history. The pillars 
 in the hall of Fingal struck me at first reading ; but I 
 imagined they might not refer to polished marble pillars, 
 but to smooth lime or beech trees which one may sup- 
 pose to have been used as supporters in very rude 
 buildings, and which would look smooth and shapely to 
 one not used to polished marble ; and I imagine con- 
 venience taught the use of such supporters long before 
 they were introduced as ornaments. ... I hear Lord 
 Marchmont says our old Highland bard is a modern 
 gentleman of his acquaintance ; if it is so, we have a 
 living Poet who may dispute the pas on Parnassus with 
 Pindar and the greatest of the ancients, and I honour 
 him for carrying the Muses into the country and letting 
 them step majestic over hills, mountains and rivers 
 instead of tamely walking in the Park or Piccadilly. . . . 
 The Bishop of Ossory tells me Mr. Macpherson receives 
 an ;£'ioo per annum subscription while he stays in the 
 Highlands to translate the poems ; if he is writing them, 
 he should have a thousand at least. . . . 
 
 " Dr. Gregory, in talking of Mr. Hume, said he had a 
 great respect for your Lordship. The Dialogue of Bayle 
 and Locke could not be agreeable to him. . . . Dr. 
 Gregory says Mr. Hume told him he spent an evening 
 with me at Mr. Ramsay's, and he had received very 
 
212 "GAZETTE EXTRAORDINARY." [Ch. IV. 
 
 favourable impressions of me, and, I find, said much 
 more of me than I deserve. The Doctor told him I was 
 not of his freethinking system, but Mr. Hume thinks 
 that no fault in a woman. . . . Dr. Monsey is revenging 
 my coquetry with Lord Bath by an assiduous courtship 
 of Miss Talbot, but he can no more be untrue to me 
 than the needle to the pole ! " 
 
 The same day, October 31, Lord Lyttelton writes 
 from his house in Hill Street — 
 
 " Madonna, 
 
 "According to my promise, I now write to tell 
 you the news of the town ; and it is with great pleasure 
 that I can assure you all parties unite in the strongest 
 expressions of zeal and affection for our young King, 
 and approbation of his behaviour. Since his accession 
 he has shown the most obliging kindness to all the 
 royal family, and done everything that was necessary to 
 give his government quiet and unanimity in this difficult 
 crisis. . . . There will be no changes in the ministry, 
 and I believe few at Court. The Duke of Newcastle 
 hesitated some time whether he should undertake his 
 arduous office in a new reign, but has yielded at last to 
 the earnest Desires of the King himself, of the Duke of 
 Cumberland, and of the heads of all Parties and Fac- 
 tions, even those who were formerly most hostile to 
 him. His friend and mine, Lord Hardwicke, has been 
 most graciously talked to by the King in two or three 
 audiences, and will, I doubt not, continue in the Cabinet 
 Council with the weight and influence he ought to have 
 there. . . . Lord George Sackville has been admitted to 
 kiss the king's hand, and thus ends my gazette extra- 
 ordinary. As for myself, I got well to town on Wednes- 
 day night, was at Court on Thursday morning, was 
 spoken graciously to by the King, and am told by every- 
 body that I grow fat." He then urges Mrs. Montagu to 
 return from Northumberland at once. " I have often 
 told you that you are a mere hot-house plant, fine and 
 
i76o.] GEORGE II.— WILL. 213 
 
 rare, but incapable of enduring the cold of our climate, 
 if you are not housed the first day that the white frosts 
 come in. 
 
 " I found Mrs. Pitt in pretty good health and spirits ; 
 she is well-housed, though she has left your palace in Hill 
 Street." 
 
 This was Anne Pitt,* late maid of honour, who had 
 been staying in Mrs. Montagu's house till her own was 
 furnished. Further on in the same letter he says — 
 
 "The King has opened his grandfather's Will in 
 presence of all the royal family, and it is said the Duke 
 of Cumberland is heir to the much greater part of what 
 his Majesty had to dispose of, but that is much less than 
 was supposed. The next best share is the Princess 
 Emilia's, t The sums are not mentioned. Mr. Pitt has 
 just had a new and very extraordinary mark of the 
 affection of the city, in an inscription they have put 
 upon the first stone of the new bridge. I would have 
 sent it you with to-day's paper in which it is printed, 
 but somebody has stolen it out of my room. You will 
 see it in the next Chronicle. It speaks of a certain con- 
 tagion by which Generals, Admirals, Armies and Fleets 
 catch valour and prudence from him, to the great benefit 
 of our affairs." 
 
 From Hill Street, on November 5, Lord Lyttelton 
 again writes to Mrs. Montagu — 
 
 " If I were to write the History of my own Times, 
 I would transcribe into it your character of the late 
 King, and should thereby pay my Debt of gratitude to 
 his memory. I would only add to it that it appears 
 from several Wills he has left, that he never had been 
 such a Hoarder of Treasure as was generally supposed. 
 
 * Sister of Lord Chatham. 
 
 t Sometimes called Princess Amelia, daughter of George 1 1. 
 
214 MR, AND MRS. VESEY. [Ch. IV. 
 
 And of what he had saved this war has consumed so 
 much that he was able to leave no more to his three 
 children than thirty thousand pounds in equal propor- 
 tions, and I have heard that the Duke has given up his 
 to his sisters. Princess Emily is come to live in my 
 brother's House like a private woman. It is said the 
 Princess of Wales will not come to St. James's. The 
 great court offices are not yet settled, but I believe it is 
 certain that Lord Bute * will be continued Groom of the 
 Stole, and Lord Huntingdon t Master of the Horse." 
 
 In a later part of the letter he assures her that Emin, 
 who had been reported murdered by the Turks, had got 
 back safely to his father in Calcutta. 
 
 "I presume he will go to some Indian Nabob or 
 Rajah, and then you may have the pleasure of tracing 
 his marches on the banks of the Ganges, and over many 
 regions where the Gorgeous East showers on her Kings 
 Barbaric Pearls and Gold; and if he is successful, large 
 tribute of those pearls and gold will come to you." 
 
 Mention is made of Mr. Vesey visiting Hagley, his 
 wife too indisposed to accompany him. " Alas ! in all 
 that prospect I have not one glimpse of you. When 
 will you come and dance on my lawns or sport on my 
 hills with the Muses, or meditate in my woods with the 
 pensive Goddess of Wisdom." 
 
 Mrs. Montagu started on her return to London on 
 November lo. From Weatherby she answers the 
 above letter on November ir, having journeyed "48 
 miles through the roughest roads in the gloomiest day 
 in the dreariest month of the year." Mention is made 
 
 * John Stuart, 3rd Earl of Bute, born 17 13, died 1792 ; married Mary 
 Wortley Montagu. 
 
 t Francis, loth Earl of Huntingdon, son of the famous Lady Hunt- 
 ingdon, the patroness of the " Huntingdon Connexion " branch of the 
 Methodists. 
 
1760.J FLOODS. 215 
 
 of the King's funeral. " I approve niuch of your Lord- 
 ship's prudence in not going to the King's funeral,* it is 
 a ceremony for those who wish to catch a cold rather 
 than for one who wants to get rid of one." 
 
 From Ferrybridge, on the isth, Mrs. Montagu writes 
 to her husband that the rain had been so heavy that 
 the waters of Newark were said to be impassable. 
 
 Arrived at Grantham on Sunday the 17th, she 
 writes — 
 
 " My Dearest, 
 
 " I got here very safe to-night, but the journey 
 from Ferrybridge has been very unpleasant, from the 
 great depth of the waters. Our coach is fortunately 
 hung very high, all the people who passed Newark 
 to-day got a great deal of water into their carriage, 
 but I had very little. The waters were impassable till 
 this morning, and it is now raining hard, so I had good 
 fortune to get thro' in the short interval ; some of the 
 water near Barnby Moor was as deep as at Newark, and 
 tho' this is only a long day's journey, I have got out 
 every day as soon as it was light ; the horses perform 
 admirably. I shall get to Stilton to-morrow, and, I hope, 
 get you some cheese." 
 
 Writing the same evening to Lord Lyttelton, she 
 says — 
 
 " Do not figure to yourself that I sit like Aurora in 
 her car drawn by the rosy-bosom'd hours, les jeux et les 
 ris, but imagine Dobbin and Whitenose and their 4 
 companions all mire and dirt, dragging me through 
 deep water, over huge stones, the winds blowing, the 
 clouds low'ring and rain darkening the windows of the 
 coach." 
 
 * The funeral of King George took place the same day, November 
 II, 1760. 
 
2l6 A GREAT LADY'S AVARICE. [Ch. IV. 
 
 In a letter to Mr. Montagu, from Stilton, is this 
 amusing passage — 
 
 " Lord Panmure pass'd me on the road yesterday, and 
 I hear all the Scotch are gone to town from Peers to 
 Pedlars, and I suppose all with the same intention to 
 sell something and to get money. I found that a Scotch 
 countess had bought all the black cloth, crapes and 
 bombazeen, black ribbons, and fans at Darlington before 
 the poor shopkeepers knew of the King's death. She 
 bought a great many suits of broad cloth and crape, 
 which must be with an intention to sell them at a higher 
 price in town, but surely nothing could be more mean 
 than to enter into such a trafifick and take advantage 
 of the Shopkeepers' ignorance, and it seems to me not 
 honest. This lady is wife to Lord C 1 ; I believe I mis- 
 took when I called her a countess. The town was soon 
 inform'd of the reason she had bought such a quantity 
 of mourning, and I wonder she was not mobbed. The 
 ladies at Darlington and in the neighbourhood are very 
 angry, for she left but two yards of crape in the whole 
 town." 
 
 Lady Frances Williams, writing on November 19 to 
 Mrs. Montagu from Bath, where she was drinking the 
 waters, says — 
 
 " I no sooner heard of the loss of our good old King 
 than I thought with regret of our friend Mrs. Pitt. I 
 believe it has prevented her coming to this place, where 
 I proposed much pleasure in meeting her. I hear the 
 G— t minister's friends, the mob, have posted upon all the 
 Palaces — 
 
 'A Pittical administration, — no Sc — tch influence ; ' 
 
 and on the Royal Exchange — 
 
 ' No petticoat administration, no Lord G. S — k — lie * 
 
 at Court.'" 
 
 • Lord George Sackville. 
 
i76o.] THE KING'S FIRSt SPEECH. 21/ 
 
 Writing on November 20 to her husband, Mrs, 
 Montagu says — 
 
 " The young King spoke his speech * with great grace ; 
 his voice, they say, is very fine, and his delivery most 
 remarkably good. The Princess Dowager is not to be 
 at St. James's, and people think she looks chagrin'd ; no 
 doubt she had visions of power and authority which will 
 probably not be answered ; all people seem glad that she 
 is not likely to have influence. Dr. Wilson made a very 
 flattering sermon at Court, upon which the King express'd 
 great displeasure, and order'd all the Chaplains should 
 be told he did not come to Church to hear himself praised. 
 Lord Egremontt made a fine speech in the House of 
 Lords for the address. Lord Royston is to move for 
 the address in the House of Commons to-day, and Sir 
 Richard Grosvenor,t who is to be made a peer, it is 
 said, seconds him. Mr. Pratt § is to be made Lord Chief 
 Justice in room of Willes, whose son is to be Solicitor- 
 General, and Mr. York attorney. Some say Pratt is to 
 be made a Peer. There seems a very strong union 
 between Pitt and the Duke of Newcastle, but as yet 
 no one knows how things will combine. The whole 
 Cocoa Tree || and every human creature has been at 
 Court, and this being said one day in a large company, 
 I was ask'd when I should go. I said not till you came 
 to town, but when you did you intended I should be 
 presented. Mrs. Boscawen said she suppos'd I should 
 be introduced by Lady Bute, as we were relations, 
 and visited; I answered no, for I should not go as a 
 courtier. . . . 
 
 ( ,> "I should ask Lady Cardigan to carry me, who was 
 the head of the Montagu family, and a person who went 
 as a great independant lady to pay her duty to her 
 
 * Paxliament met on November 13. 
 t Charles Wyndham, 2nd Earl of Egremont. 
 t Sir Richard Grosvenor, afterwards ist Earl Grosvenor. 
 § Made ist Earl Camden, became Lord Chancellor and Lord President 
 of the Council. 
 
 II A famous Whig coffee-house. 
 
2l8 GOING TO COURT. [Ch. IV. 
 
 sovereign without being a courtier. It seems if I am 
 to go to Court, I must not appear anywhere till I have 
 kiss'd hands, which makes it necessary, if done, to be 
 done soon, but I shall wait your orders, and I beg you 
 to speak freely." 
 
 To this letter Mr, Montagu replies — 
 
 "The distance j am now at from you, unhappily 
 hinders me from discussing an affair of this moment 
 with you and consulting with myne or your friends. 
 At present j can only say that if you mean nothing 
 more than paying your duty to our new sovereign j 
 see no harm in it, and j think Lady Cardigan of all 
 others the properest person to introduce you; but if 
 you go further, before you give your attendance at a 
 Court, j wish you would take the consequences into 
 your most serious thoughts. The principal reason of 
 my absenting myself ever since j was Member of Parlia- 
 ment was that j did not concur in the measures that 
 were then taking, and the Principal members in the 
 opposition thought they had no business at St. James, 
 and j believe neither the wifes of the Peers nor of the 
 Members of the House of Commons were found there. 
 If j should be still so unhappy as out of dislike for 
 the present measures not to alter my way of acting, 
 and not to appear at Court, would it be proper for you 
 to be attendant ? Indeed, it seems to me that it would 
 not, but if you can make out the contrary upon any 
 sound Principles of reason j will readily submit. I 
 have for many years liv'd in a state of Independancy 
 though j may truly call it of Proscription, so far as 
 those could make it to those who thought not, and acted 
 not with them where politics they thought endanger'd 
 the Liberties and good of their country, am j to alter 
 now, or maintain the same conduct j hitherto have 
 done ? Whilst j flatter'd myself that we were in the 
 same way of thinking, and that my conduct met with 
 your approbation, j did hardly suffer anything. I then 
 
i76o.] KISSING HANDS. 219 
 
 thought and still reflect with the utmost sense of grati- 
 tude on the sacrifice you made me in your early bloom, 
 by giving up all the pleasures and gaieties of a Court, 
 and it was the greater because you had all the advan- 
 tages of beauty and sense to shine and make a figure 
 there. I think that capacity is not so far gone as you 
 in your modesty are pleas'd to say, and j may add in 
 some sense perhaps improv'd, either at a Court or any- 
 where else j wish you every thing that is good that you 
 may long enjoy that good will and esteem which your 
 merit has acquir'd you, and leave the rest to your own 
 candid and impartial consideration." 
 
 To this his wife replies — 
 
 " I had yesterday your most kind and judicious 
 letter, and my own way of thinking coincides so much 
 with yours I have no merit in acquiescence. Your 
 wonted independancy I hope in God you will ever 
 preserve. ... If you should be in opposition, I shall 
 drop going at all; as to Peers, all who were not pro- 
 fess'd Jacobites, and also their wives, always went to 
 St. James', even the most protesting Lords, till the 
 Division between the late King and late Prince of 
 Wales." 
 
 At the end of the letter Lord Bath is mentioned as 
 urging her to kiss hands, and she declares she will only 
 attend two drawing-rooms a year, and not those, if Mr. 
 Montagu disapproves. 
 
 On November 22, from Hill Street, Mrs. Montagu 
 writes to her husband that her toothache having been 
 very agonizing, she had sent to Mr. Lodomie to examine 
 her teeth. As he is often mentioned, he must have 
 been the fashionable dentist of that period. In the same 
 letter we read that — 
 
 "there has been a quarrel between General Town- 
 
220 MR. PITT AND THE SECRET. [Ch. IV. 
 
 shend* and Lord Albemarle,t which had ended in a 
 duel if Mr. Stanley i had not carried the Captain of the 
 Guards to take them into custody. The story is too 
 long for a letter. Mr. Townshend appears to have been 
 too hasty : Lord Albemarle behaved very well, and all 
 is now made up. Mr. Beckford in the House of Com- 
 mons the day before yesterday call'd our German cam- 
 paign this year a languid campaign, for which Mr. Pitt 
 gave him a notable threshing, repeating languid and 
 languor several times, and once how rash must that 
 gentleman be, how inconsiderate, if he call§ this languid, 
 after repeating what had been done, and after enlarging 
 on everything, again, again, and again, retorting the 
 languid upon Beckford, who himself made a languid 
 campaign, not returning to the charge. I heard of a 
 good piece of witt of Mr. Pitt on my Lord Mayor of 
 London's absurdly asking him in the Drawing-room, 
 where the secret expedition was destined. He ask'd 
 his Lordship if he could keep a secret, which the grave 
 Magistrate assured him he could upon his honour, and 
 expected to be inform'd, on which Mr. Pitt only made a 
 low bow and said, so can 1, Sir, a very proper reproof 
 for his impertinent question." 
 
 December 2. Mrs. Montagu writes to Lord Bath — 
 
 "Mrs. Montagu presents her compliments to my 
 Lord Bath, and has the pleasure to send him the Bishop 
 of London's letter to the King, which she had never 
 been able to get till yesterday ; she begs of his Lord- 
 ship not to give any copy of the letter. If the. Bishop 
 should have any human vanity still subsisting, it must 
 be of such a kind as will be gratified by the approbation 
 of Lord Bath, but would disdain common and ordinary 
 applause. Mrs. Montagu hopes my Lord Bath re- 
 members he was so good as to promise her the honour 
 
 * George Townshend, 4th Viscount and Marquis, born 1723, died 1807. 
 + George Keppel, 15th Earl of Albemarle. 
 t Hans Stanley, of Paultons, Hants. 
 
i76o.] BISHOP OF LONDON'S LETTER. 221 
 
 and pleasure of his company at dinner on Sunday 
 next. 
 
 " Hill Street, Tuesday ye 2nd of Decber." 
 
 The Bishop's letter is dated Novr. i, 1760— 
 
 " Sire, 
 
 "Amidst the Congratulations that surround 
 the Throne, permit me to lay before your Majesty the 
 Sentiments of a Heart, which tho' oppressed with Age 
 and Infirmity, is no Stranger to the Joys of my Country. 
 When the melancholy news of the Late King's Demise 
 reached us, it Naturally Led us to Consider the Loss we 
 had sustained, and upon what our Hopes of futurity 
 Depended : the first Part excited grief and put all the 
 tender Passions into motion, but the Second Brought 
 Life and Spirit with it, and wiped away the tear from 
 every face. 
 
 " O how graciously Did the Providence of God pro- 
 vide a Successor able to bear the weight of government 
 in that unexpected Event. 
 
 " You, Sir, are the Person whom the people ardently 
 Desire, which Affection of theirs is happily returned by 
 your Majesty's Declared Concern for their prosperity ; 
 and Let Nothing Disturb this Mutual Consent. Let 
 there never be but one Contest between them, whether 
 the King Loves the people best, or the people him, and 
 may it be a Long, very Long, Contest between them, 
 may it never be decided, but Let it remain doubtful, and 
 may the paternal affection on one side, and the filial 
 Obedience on the other, be had in perpetual Remem- 
 brance. - As this will probably be the Last time I shall 
 ever trouble your Majesty, I beg leave to express my 
 warmest wishes and prayers on your behalf : may the 
 God of heaven and earth have you always under his 
 protection, and Direct you to Seek his honour and 
 Glory in all you Do, and may you reap the Benefit by 
 an increase of Happiness in this world and in the 
 next." 
 
222 BILLETS DOUX. [Ch. IV. 
 
 M 
 
 Lord Bath's answer was — 
 
 " Madam, 
 
 " I suppose you intended that I should return 
 you the Bishop's letter, which I promise you nobody 
 has taken a copy of, nor have I done it myself, and I 
 have shown it but to two persons. 
 
 "What a charming thing it is to be able to write 
 with such vivacity and spirit, at past four score; and 
 oppress'd as he says with age and infirmitys. But 
 strange as that may be, I know a more extraordinary 
 thijig, and that is of a Person near the same age (but 
 without infirmitys indeed) that is at this Instant over 
 head and ears in Love. How does he wish he could 
 write with as much Spirit and Love to his Mistress, 
 as the Bishop does with Loyalty to his Master, with 
 this difference only, the one wishes this contention of 
 Love may never be decided, the other hopes it may 
 be brought to an issue as soon as possible, by the only 
 proper means of Determination, and let the Posterity 
 arising from thence be a proof to future Generations 
 of the ardency of the Affection of her 
 
 " Most passionate Adorer. 
 
 " Wednesday, lo a clock, Deer., 1760." 
 To this Mrs. Montagu replies — 
 
 " My Lord, 
 
 " I have sent your Lordship back the Bishop 
 of London's letters, which cannot be more honourably 
 placed than in your Cabinet. From an apprehension 
 that this letter may be degraded by appearing in a 
 magazine or Chronicle I was desirous to communicate 
 it to my friends, under such restraints as would secure 
 me from blame in case of accident. As I do not expect 
 a billet-doux every morning, I was unluckily asleep 
 (observe that I do not say not dreaming of Lord Bath) 
 when your letter arrived. I cannot express how much 
 I admire your Lordship's parody of a Bishop's pastoral 
 
i76o.] LORD CHESTERFIELD'S BON MOT, 223 
 
 letter. As I have got but halfway towards the ardours 
 of four score, your Lordship will not expect I should 
 immediately comply with your proposal; but if you 
 will be content with a sentimental love till I arrive at 
 the tender age of eighty, a person and a passion so 
 ripened by time must be very yielding. And according 
 to the latest reckoning of the learned and ingenious 
 Mr. Whiston, the Millenium will then commence, so 
 that we may have a proper period in which to prove 
 our constancy and love ; and at a moderate computa- 
 tion, may produce a thousand of those proofs of it 
 which your Lordship seems to think the best testimony. 
 "I am now very much, but at the commencement 
 of the next century hope to be entirely, 
 
 "Yours. 
 
 " I hope your Lordship will not forget your engage- 
 ment on Sunday, for I have been interrupted in my 
 letter by a visit from a very pretty man of five and 
 twenty, whose conversation is so far from the spirit 
 of your Lordship's letter that I cannot but be tired of 
 the insipidity of these young people." 
 
 Writing to her husband on December 2, Mrs. Mon- 
 tagu says — 
 
 " I dined with Lord Bath on Sunday ; he was in high 
 spirits. At his table I heard an admirable bon mot of 
 Lord Chesterfield's; he said the King was in doubt 
 whether he should burn Scotch coal, Pitt coal, or 
 Newcastle coal ! . . . Our young King had a fall from 
 his horse this morning, but no mischief, except a little 
 bruise on his shoulder. His attendants seemed much 
 frightened, at which he smiled and told them they 
 forgot he had four brothers." 
 
 Mr. Montagu writes on December 7 from Newcastle 
 to say that he is going to the Election at Durham to 
 vote for Sir Thomas Clavering. He says, " I shall set 
 off with Sir Thomas' cavalcade to-morrow, and to dine 
 
224 THE MILLENNIUM. [Ch. IV. 
 
 and lye at Newton, where Mr. Liddell has invited me 
 to take a bed during the whole time of the Poll." On 
 December 12 he writes to say the Poll was not over 
 and cost each candidate ;^iooo a day. 
 
 Lord Bath writes to Mrs. Montagu in return for her 
 last letter — 
 
 " Madam, 
 
 " I have sent you some game, which I hope to 
 partake with you to-morrow. Indeed, Madam, you are 
 too cruel to desire to postpone my happiness till the 
 beginning of the next century. I can die for the lady 
 I love any day she pleases to command me, but to live 
 40 years for her is more than I can promise ; besides, 
 Madam, I would have you consider that in all the con- 
 quests Love makes, there is on the male side, constantly 
 a little pride and vanity ; do you think that I have not 
 something of that kind, in the pleasure I propose to 
 myself of making Mr. Montagu jealous, and of triumph- 
 ing and insulting over Dr. Monsey ; and can you your- 
 self promise me either of these forty years hence? In 
 conscience therefore reduce the horrid period of forty 
 years to twenty at most, and tell me in your next, come 
 twenty years hence and be happy. But all you promise 
 in your letter is, that the beginning of next century, 
 perhaps, you may begin to listen. This cold proceed- 
 ing, with an impetuous Lover of fourscore, who is 
 impatient to convince you how much he loves you and 
 how passionately he is yours for the remainder of the 
 millenium, whenever it begins, 
 
 " Bath." 
 
 From St. James's on December 14, Dr. Monsey writes 
 a folio letter to Mrs. Montagu, beginning — 
 
 " Serenissima Principessa ! 
 
 "There are no bounds to Pride, because an 
 Earl is fallen in love with you, you must kiss a King, 
 
i76o.] DR MONSEY'S DOGGEREL VERSE. 22$ 
 
 and just as he is on the brink of matrimony. How dare 
 you do so audacious a thing, whilst your Hubby is alive 
 too ? Had he broke his neck down a coal pit the matter 
 had been nothing, but to inflame the heart of a young 
 monarch when he can reap no benefit from it without 
 breaking the laws of his Kingdom, or your breaking the 
 Laws of God. Let me tell you, Madam (if I now may 
 presume to tell you anything), it is a very imprudent 
 step. Emin has miscarried in Persia, and so now you 
 will let yourself down to the deluding hopes of being 
 Queen of England. Can you sleep this night while 
 Majesty lies tumbling and tossing, and starts at Montagu 
 peeping thro' his curtains ; — My Kingdom for this 
 Woman, or this Woman for my Kingdom. Have you 
 chosen your ladies of the bedchamber, pitched upon your 
 coronation, and made me your chief Physician. . . ." 
 
 After a long rhodomontade, he falls into doggerel 
 verse, a frequent habit of his in his letters. As I have 
 not hitherto recorded any verses of his in this work, 
 I will give this specimen — 
 
 " What power can withstand Gt. Britain's King, 
 Where for a Queen he has so fair a thing ? 
 Nations fight Nations, and one fool beats t'other, 
 And Frederick * pommels his dear Polish brother. 
 He burns a town and then knocks down a Church, 
 Then Daun comes thundering with a rod of birch. 
 He scampers, then he rallies, whip goes Daun, 
 Old boy, I'll meet you on a Torgau t lawn. 
 They meet, they fight, and then more bloody noses. 
 And then great victories, as our news supposes. 
 They both are Victors, yet both beaten well. 
 And who's best man the Devil himself can't tell. 
 Things are by both into confusion hurled, 
 Montagu speaks, and she subdues the world." 
 
 Lord Bath had been most anxious about his son. 
 Lord Pulteney, who had been appointed to the secret 
 
 • Frederick " the Great." 
 
 t The battle of Torgau, fought on November 3, 1760. 
 
 VOL. n. Q 
 
226 BERENGER MADE MASTER OF THE HORSE. [Ch.IV. 
 
 expedition which Mr. Pitt designed to send to France. 
 This scheme was given up, and Mrs. Montagu wrote to 
 congratulate Lord Bath upon this. 
 
 In a letter to Mr. Montagu his wife informs him that 
 "Lord Bute has given Mr. R. Berenger* a place of 
 ;£'3oo per annum, with a house in the Meuse : it came 
 a propos, for a few weeks ago he was in danger of a 
 perpetual lodging at the Fleet." 
 
 It will be remembered Berenger was nephew to Mr. 
 Gilbert West, his mother being a Temple. 
 
 Lady Forbes, mother of Mrs. Gregory, wrote on 
 December 20 to Mr. Montagu to ask his influence in 
 procuring for Doctor Gregory the Professorship of 
 Botany at the University of Edinburgh. 
 
 In a letter dated 1760, presumably in February, Lord 
 Bath writes to Mrs. Montagu — 
 
 " Madam, 
 
 " There is more easy natural witt in any two of 
 your most careless lines than there is in all Colman's 
 Play,t and as for his dedication you may be sure the 
 Rogue meant to abuse me for pretending to chide him 
 for his neglect of Lord Cooke; J however, I have this 
 day, to amend his manners, constituted him a Judge in 
 Shropshire, on condition that he never makes another 
 Rhime, unless it be an Epithalamium twenty years 
 hence, when the Millenium begins. 
 
 " I return you many thanks for the kind present you 
 sent me, and will keep them till you do me the honour 
 to dine with me, which I hope will be Wednesday or 
 
 * Master of the Horse ; author of " The History and Art of Horseman- 
 ship.'' 
 
 t George Colman the elder, born 1732, died 1794 ; dramatist, etc. 
 His first acknowledged comedy, "The Jealous Wife," first acted at Drury 
 Lane on the I2th of February, 1761, and dedicated to the Earl of Bath 
 as a " lover of the belles lettres." 
 
 X Means Lord Coke, in his work upon Lyttelton. In 1775, Colman 
 had been entered by Lord Bath at Lincoln's Inn and called to the bar. 
 
1760.J GEORGE COLMAN, THE ELDER. 227 
 
 Thursday, as you chuse, but on Tuesday evening I 
 cannot be sure of being free, since Sir Phil Boteler, 
 Miss Desbouveries, and some other company are to 
 dine with me, and stay the evening at cards." 
 
 George Colman was nephew, by marriage, to Lord 
 Bath, his mother being a Miss Guraley, sister of Lady 
 Bath. 
 
( ^28 ) 
 
 CHAPTER V. 
 
 I761 — DEATH OF ADMIRAL BOSCAWEN — CORRESPONDENCE 
 WITH LORD BATH — CORONATION OF GEORGE III. — IN 
 LONDON, AT SANDLEFORD, AND AT TUNBRIDGE WELLS. 
 
 Matthew Robinson, Mrs. Montagu's eldest brother, 
 who had been member for the borough of Canterbury, 
 did not propose to offer himself for re-election to the 
 new parliament, but presented the Canterbury address 
 to the new king at Court. He was clad in such a 
 peculiar and uncourtierlike garb that his sister writes 
 to her husband at Newcastle — 
 
 " I am glad he is gone into the country, but he has 
 made a most astonishing appearance at court with the 
 Canterbury address. Morris says he hears of nothing 
 else. I wish the Beefeaters had not let him pass the 
 door. Lord Harry Beauclerc on the buzz his appear- 
 ance occasioned, desired the people to be quiet, for 
 that he had never seen the gentleman so well dressed 
 before." 
 
 Mr. Montagu, having attended the Durham election 
 in favour of Sir Thomas Clavering, was preparing to go 
 to Huntingdon for his own re-election. In Mrs. Mon- 
 tagu's next letter she says — 
 
 " 1 told you in my last that Admiral Boscawen was 
 ill of a fever, I hope he is out of danger. The noble 
 
I76i.] ADMIRAL BOSCAWEN ILL. 229 
 
 admiral does not fight so well with a fever as he does 
 with the French ; he will not lye in bed, where he would 
 soonest subdue it. Poor Mrs. Boscawen is very anxious 
 and unhappy about the Admiral, and indeed the loss to 
 her and her children would be as great as possible." 
 
 In this letter she remarks upon having heard from 
 Mrs. William Robinson, her sister-in-law, from Lisbon 
 dated November 12 : "they are all well, and going on to 
 Madrid." "They" were the Rev. William Robinson, 
 his wife, and her brother, Mr. Richardson, who, being 
 in bad health, was ordered abroad, and was going to 
 Italy. On December 20, Admiral Boscawen is reported 
 as out of danger, but on the 27th Mrs. Montagu writes — 
 
 " His fever still hangs upon him, his strength is 
 quite subdued ; any sudden attack, any degree more of 
 fever, and my dear Friend loses a good husband, her 
 children a fond father, their situation in life will suffer 
 a grievous alteration, and the publick will be deprived 
 of a man who serves it with zeal and ability and is 
 always more tender of the honour of his country than 
 of his own person." 
 
 The admiral had a relapse, and Mrs. Montagu, with 
 her husband's permission, flew to see her friend, but, 
 to avoid alarming the admiral, slept at Mr. Botham's at 
 Albury. She, however, returned to London, as the 
 admiral could not bear his wife out of his sight, and 
 begrudged any friend taking her away from him for an 
 instant. In this same letter she mentions that old Mr. 
 Wortley Montagu was very ill. 
 
 Dr. Monsey, who himself was very unwell, wrote on 
 January 9 to tell Mrs. Montagu he was sure the admiral 
 would not recover ; he begs her to remember it is God's 
 will, and " to try and guard Mrs. Boscawen's mind and 
 
230 DEATH OF ADMIRAL BOSCAWEN. [Ch. V. 
 
 let money and the world be thrown into the Coal 
 Hole." 
 
 The admiral expired on January lo at ^ a.m. He 
 died of a putrid fever, and before death sent for his 
 sister, Mrs. Frederick, to desire her to take his wife and 
 children to London the moment he was dead. Mrs. 
 Montagu went at once to her friend to endeavour to 
 comfort her. Mr. Montagu, with his characteristic 
 kindness, begged Mrs. Boscawen to go to Hill Street, 
 but she remained at the Admiralty. Mrs. Montagu 
 writes of her on January 17 — 
 
 " I thank God her mind is very calm and settled, she 
 endeavours all she can to bring herself to submit to this 
 dire misfortune ; I know time must be her best com- 
 forter, so that I oppose her lamentations rarely and 
 gently, but when they continue long, set before her the 
 merit of her five children, the want they will have of 
 her, and the comfort she may derive from them. . . . 
 Mr. Boscawen has left all his fortune, except a purchase 
 he made in Cornwall, to Mrs. Boscawen at her entire 
 disposition, the land in Cornwall he has left her only 
 for life, and then to his eldest son. This estate cost but 
 ;^io,ooo, and so is a small part of his fortune, so that the 
 children are entirely dependent on her. I hear old Mr. 
 Wortley can last but a very short time. It is supposed 
 Lady Mary will come to England." 
 
 Writing to her husband, still at Newcastle, at the 
 end of January, Mrs. Montagu says — 
 
 "I believe it will be agreeable to you to hear that 
 Lord Sandwich called on me this morning to desire me 
 to write you word that he hopes that the second week 
 in February you will be ready for Huntingdon ; his 
 Lordship says he will give you only two days' trouble, 
 one to canvass, another to be elected. . . . Mr. Wortley 
 
I76i.] DEATH OF OLD MR. WORTLEY MONTAGU. 23 1 
 
 Montagu dyed last night, the disposition of his effects 
 not known as yet, by next post you shall hear." 
 
 In her next letter she says — 
 
 " I have had a full account of Mr. Wortley's will, it 
 runs thus : — ' To his son ;£'iooo per annum rentcharge, 
 with an order it should not be liable to his debts, which 
 by-the-bye is nonsense. The Leicestershire estate, we 
 know to our sorrow is his. If the present wife * dyes 
 and he has legitimate issue, that issue is to have the 
 Wortley estate. In case he has not such issue, then 
 the whole of his personal and real estate is to go to 
 Lady Bute's second son, he taking the noble name of 
 Wortley. Two thousand pounds apiece indeed to each 
 of Lady Bute's younger children ! The old gentleman's 
 wealth is reckoned immense." 
 
 In another letter his estate is stated to be ;^8oo,ooo 
 in money, and ;^i7,ooo per annum in land, mines, etc. ! 
 Mr. Montagu writes in reply to this — 
 
 " I am extremely sorry that Mr. Wortley has made 
 such a will as you mention. I think he has been 
 unworthy of being a Father. I cannot pretend to say 
 but his son gave him too good reason to take care he 
 should not waste and consume his estate, it was mine 
 and the opinion of others that, as the phrase is, he would 
 have tyed him up, but if he had done it in the literal 
 sense he would have been less cruel to him ; this poor 
 man was not without very good parts, he was greatly 
 altered; if he had done kindly by him, it was not im- 
 possible that he might have been reclaimed and have 
 yet made some figure in life. What is now to become 
 of him I don't know. I suppose he is not to come into 
 Parliament again, and if so I cannot see what he can do 
 but leave his native country, and live in perpetual 
 
 * Caroline Feroe, nie Dormer. 
 
233 "MONTAGU MINERVA!" [Ch. V. 
 
 banishment abroad. I cannot but greatly commiserate 
 this poor man, and reflect with horror on his cruel 
 unrelenting parent." 
 
 On February 15 Mr. Montagu writes from Hinching- 
 brooke, as he spells it — 
 
 "My Dearest, 
 
 " We got here on Friday night. Our canvassing 
 the town is put off to Tuesday. Lord Hinching* is 
 here, who is much grown and every way improved. 
 My Lord has made considerable alterations to the house, 
 and by the addition of two or three rooms is very con- 
 venient, and he says without much expense. . . . Calling 
 at Barnet j heard poor Wortley's stock upon his farme 
 was the day before sold by auction, and fetched a 
 thousand pounds, which j fear will be devour'd by the 
 creditors." 
 
 Soon after this Mr. Montagu joined his wife in Hill 
 Street. A folio letter from James Stuart t (Athenian 
 Stuart) ends the month of February. In it he repre- 
 sents himself as an English horse — a hunter dragging 
 Greek treasures to Mrs. Montagu, whom he addresses 
 in verse as — 
 
 " Fairest and best ! hail Montagu Minerva ! 
 Smile on my labours. Say that my rich freightage 
 Amply deserved the Price and Pains it cost. 
 So that the Muses thy companions dear, 
 The Graces and the Virtues all approve 
 
 My bold Emprise : 
 And end at once and recompense my toil." 
 
 Lord Bath writes March 4, 1761 — 
 
 • Viscount Hinchinbrook, afterwards 5th Earl of Sandwich; born 
 1742-3, died 1 8 14. 
 
 t James Stuart, born 1713, died 1788; author of "Antiquities of 
 Athens." 
 
I76I.J VOLTAIRE'S TANCRED. 233 
 
 " Madam, 
 
 " I am sorry that I cannot wait on you this 
 evening, being engaged to go to Lady Strafford's, * and 
 afterwards to Lady Darlington's t to play at cards ; but 
 on Saturday I will have the honour to call on you and 
 stay the evening with you, if you are not otherwise 
 engaged, and your feverish disorder will allow you to 
 come down stairs. I have sent for your amusement 
 Voltaire's Tancred, which has many fine lines in it, 
 but the speeches are too long, as they generally are 
 in French Plays. When I have the honour of waiting 
 on you I will bring with me Emin's letter. 
 
 " I am, Mad'"^ 
 
 " Yours most truly, 
 " B." 
 
 To this Mrs. Montagu replies — 
 
 " My Lord, 
 
 " I return the Tragedy with many thanks. The 
 character your Lordship gave of it kept up my hopes 
 and my spirits through the long tedious speeches with 
 which it opens, and upon the whole it appears to me to 
 be one of the best of Voltaire's Tragedies, as it is, what 
 few of his are, interesting. Pompous declamation 
 season'd with Moral reflections is surely far from the 
 perfection of dramatick writing, tho' in a nation too 
 much polish'd and refin'd, it is prefer'd to the natural 
 sallies of passion in our Shakespear, as fops love 
 essences better than the flowers from whence they are 
 extracted. I find in this Tragedy many petty larcenies 
 from Corneille. The character of Amenaide is in 
 part an imitation of the Sister of Horatius, but the 
 Roman name supports the fierte of her character, born 
 in any other city I should call her a termagant, there I 
 consider her as a She Roman, the female of the Lion, 
 
 * Lady Strafford, Anne, second daughter of the 2nd Duke of Argyll. 
 t Lady Darlington was a cousin of Lord Bath's ; her mother was a 
 Pulteney. 
 
234 MACPHERSON'S "FINGAL." [Ch. V. 
 
 The fair Amenaide is too much an esprit fort in regard 
 to her duties to please me. She does not follow Virtue 
 as by law establish'd, but despises forms and follows 
 sentiment, a dangerous guide. Design'd by Nature to 
 act but a second part, it is a woman's duty to obey 
 rules, she is not to make or redress them. I must 
 confess that Amenaide is noble and heroick, and a 
 proper mistress for a Knight Errant, whose motto is 
 * I'amour et I'honneur.' I have seen many poems 
 form'd on the manners of Chivalry, but I never saw 
 them before in Drama. They admit of the bombast in 
 honour and love, which the French and Spanish Theater 
 affect, and will furnish those brilliant sentiments they 
 so much admire, but which indeed come better from 
 any Muse but the pathetick Melpomene. 
 
 " I shall be very glad of the honour of your Lord- 
 ship's company on Saturday evening. I was to have 
 gone to the play that night, but if my fever should have 
 left me by that time, I have a cough which would be 
 louder than Mrs. Prichard.* I have taken the liberty to 
 enclose Mr. Macpherson's proposals, and if your Lord- 
 ship designs to subscribe to the work, and have not 
 already done so, I should be very glad to have the 
 honour of your name on my list. I have read the first 
 cantOjt which far exceeded my expectation. The various 
 incidents recited take off that sameness of character 
 which appeared in the detached pieces, and which were 
 their greatest fault. The original Ersh is to be seen 
 at Mr. Millar's. I have also enclosed a letter from 
 Edinburgh which gives an account of these poems. By 
 this long letter I have taken some revenge upon your 
 Lordship for not coming here last night, and now I am 
 in perfect charity, mix'd with some compassion for the 
 trouble I have given you. 
 " My Lord, 
 
 " Your Lordship's 
 Most obliged and obedient H"* Ser^', 
 
 "E.M." 
 
 * Celebrated actress. t This must be " Fingal." 
 
I76i.] LORD BATH'S LETTER TO MRS. CARTER. 235 
 
 At this period Mrs. Montagu and Mrs. Carter went 
 to stay with Lord Bath at Ives Place.* Dr. Monsey 
 was to have accompanied them, but he was suffering 
 with acute pain in his back, for which Dr. Gataker gave 
 him a plaister, which he said would pull his head to his 
 back. 
 
 Lord Bath writes to Mrs. Montagu the following : — 
 
 " Madam, 
 
 " I am going to entrust you with a most pro- 
 digious secret ; and in order to engage you the better to 
 keep it, must desire you to be a joynt agent with me in 
 conducting it, and carrying it on, and yet it is not every 
 woman neither that can keep that very important secret 
 of joynt agency, but you, I am very sure, will be true to 
 me when I tell you what it is. You must know. Madam, 
 that I have a great desire of making a small present to 
 Mrs, Carter, to make her fine, when she comes to Tun- 
 bridge, and I must beg of you to take the trouble of 
 buying the silk or Damask, or what you please, and in 
 order to engage her to have no difficulty or scruples 
 in accepting it, I will send with it the following letter : — 
 
 " ' To Mrs. Carter. 
 
 " ' Madam, 
 
 " ' I have sent you a trifling present which I 
 desire you will accept, and that you may have no 
 difficulty in doing it I will tell you the plain truth. The 
 first thing is this — I have found in my Library some 
 books, which tho' they may be very good ones, can be 
 of no use to me, as they are in Greek,! and possibly 
 they may be of service to you. The next thing is that 
 I have two pounds of very bad tea, which I cannot so 
 much as take myself, nor offer to anybody else, unless it 
 
 * His country house near Maidenhead. 
 
 t This is an affectation, as he constantly uses Greek phrases in Greek 
 character in his later letters. 
 
236 GOING TO WELLWYN. [Ch.V. 
 
 be to you : the last thing is this : I found in the drawer 
 of an old India Cabinet a piece of silk with this wrote in 
 a paper upon it : Enough for a Mantua and petty coat. 
 Now, Madam, as I neither wear a mantua nor pettycoats, 
 I do not know what to do with it, unless you will accept 
 of it, which you may very readily do, since you may 
 perceive that it lays you under no manner of obligation 
 to your, etc. 
 
 " ' Bath.' 
 
 " But after all I have said, if you think. Madam, giving 
 you the two enclosed Bank bills of 20 pounds each to 
 send privately to her without letting her know or guess 
 from whom they come, may be of more real use and 
 service to her, you may do it as you think fit, and I can 
 venture to say of the Bank Bills just what I have done 
 of the Greek books, that they are of little use to me, and 
 possibly may be of great service to her, and more in 
 that I hope than any other. 
 
 " I am. Madam, 
 
 "Your most obedient and very 
 humble servant, 
 
 " Bath. 
 
 "Piccadilly, April 2, 1761. 
 
 " P.S. — I am afraid you will be puzzled at first to 
 know what all this nonsensical stuff can mean, but you 
 may remember that when you were at Ives Place, I 
 mentioned something of this kind to you." 
 
 Mrs. Montagu and Mrs. Carter proposed a visit to 
 Dr. Young at Welwyn, and on April 9 he writes as 
 follows — 
 
 " Dear Madam, 
 
 " Your letter, etc., lay me under great obliga- 
 tions, but the greatest lies in the kind promise you make 
 me that I shall kiss the hands of two fair Pilgrims at 
 Wellwyn. I hope they are too much Protestants to 
 
I76i.] DR. YOUNG'S LETTER. 237 
 
 think there is anything sacred in the shrine you speak 
 of. I have too many sins beside, to pretend that I am a 
 Saint. Was I a Saint and could work miracles I would 
 reduce you two ladys to the common level of your sex 
 being jealous for the credit of my own; which has 
 hitherto presum'd to boast an usurp'd superiority in 
 the realms of genius and the letter'd world. For you, 
 Madam, I shall say nothing, for who can say enough? 
 Miss Carter has my high esteem for showing us in so 
 masterly a manner that Christianity has a foil in one of 
 the brightest jewels of Pagan Wisdom, a jewel which 
 you will allow she has set in gold. Might not such an 
 honour from a fair hand, make even an Epictetus proud 
 without being blamed for it? Nor let Miss Carter's 
 amiable modesty become blameable, by taking offence at 
 the truth, but stand the shock of applause, which she has 
 brought upon herself; for tho' it pains her, it does credit 
 to the publick, and she should support it patiently, as 
 her Stoical Hero did his broken leg. I rejoice that you 
 are recovered ; I too. Madam, have been very ill of late, 
 and stand in no small need of a cordial : hasten therefore 
 your favour, which the sooner it is, will be the kinder to, 
 dear Madam, 
 
 "Your most obedient 
 
 and obliged, humble servant, 
 
 " E. Young." 
 
 On April 28 Lord Bath writes to Mrs. Montagu — 
 
 " Madam, 
 
 " I would sooner have answer'd your letter, 
 and sent you back the enclosed Dialogue, but that I 
 went out to take the air in my chaize. You may depend 
 upon my secrecy, but should it ever be published, it will 
 be known to be yours, because nobody can write like it. 
 I will endeavour to wait on you when you return from 
 Dr. Young's, unless I go to Ives Place for a day or two. 
 " I am, with the greatest regard and truth, 
 
 " Your most humble and obedient servant, 
 
 " Bath." 
 
238 ANOTHER DIALOGUE OF THE DEAD. [Ch. V. 
 
 This is the dialogue which I believe has not yet been 
 published : — 
 
 "Berenice and Cleopatra." 
 
 Berenice. The similitudes and dissimilitudes of our 
 fortune have long made me wish to converse with you, 
 if the charming, the victorious Cleopatra by her lover 
 prefer'd to glory, to empire, to life, will deign to hold 
 converse with the forsaken, the abandon'd, the discarded 
 Berenice. 
 
 Cleopatra. The scorns of Octavius, the bite of the 
 aspic, the waters of Lethe have so subdued my female 
 vanity, that I will own to you I greatly suspect my 
 greater success with my lover did not arise so much 
 from my charms as in my skill of management of them. 
 
 Berenice. I can scarce understand you. Beauty and 
 love I thought to be the greatest attractions. In the 
 first you must have excell'd me, but in the second you 
 certainly could not : I had beauty, youth, regal dignity, 
 and an elevated mind. I was distinguished by many 
 qualities and accomplishments which were so dedicated 
 to my Lover, that of all I had been and all I could be, 
 I was, I would be, only l^amante of Titus. I thought the 
 next person in merit and dignity to Titus himself was 
 the woman who ador'd him, and I was more proud of 
 the homage I paid him, than of all I had receiv'd from 
 lovers or subjects. But you, Cleopatra, had loved Cesar 
 before Anthony, and other passions besides the gentle 
 one of love seemed still to have your heart. Yet for you 
 Anthony despised the dangers of war, the competition 
 of a rival in Empire, the motives of military glory, and 
 the resentment of a Senate and people not yet taught to 
 submit to or flatter the passions of a master. Over 
 these you triumph'd; but I was sacrificed to the low 
 murmurs of the people, and the cautious counsels of 
 gray-headed Statesmen. Was it that Minerva desired 
 to triumph over Venus in the noblest and gentlest heart 
 that ever was contain'd in the breast of mortal ? Tell 
 
i76i.] BERENICE K CLEOPATRA. 239 
 
 me, Cleopatra, for 1700 years have not made me forget 
 my love and my grief? 
 
 Cleopatra. I have often with attention listen'd to your 
 story ; and your looks, on which still remain the sadness 
 of a lover's farewell, move my compassion. I wish I 
 could have assisted you with my counsels when Titus 
 was meditating your departure. I would have taught 
 you those arts by which I enslaved the Soul of Anthony, 
 and brought Ambition and the Roman Eagles to lye at 
 my feet. 
 
 Berenice. Your arts would have been of little service to 
 me, I had no occasion to counterfeit love. From Titus's 
 perfection one learn'd to love in reality beyond whatever 
 fiction pretended ; no feigned complaisance could imitate 
 my sympathy ; if he sigh'd I wept, if he was grave I 
 grew melancholy, if he sicken'd I dyed. My heart 
 echoed his praises, it beat for his glory, it rejoiced in 
 his fortunes, it trembled at his dangers. 
 
 Cleopatra. Indeed, Berenice, you talk more like a 
 Shepherdess than a great Queen. You might perhaps 
 in the simplicity of pastoral life have engaged some 
 humble Swain, but there was too much of nature and 
 too little of art in your conduct, to captivate a man used 
 to flattery, to pleasures, to variety. I find you was but 
 the mirror of Titus, you gave him back his own image, 
 while I presented every hour a new Cleopatra to An- 
 thony. I was gay, voluptuous, haughty, gracious, fond 
 and indifferent by turns ; if he frown'd on me, I smiled 
 on Dollabella ; if he grew thoughtful, I turn'd the Ban- 
 quet to a Riot. I dash'd the soberness of counsels by 
 the vivacity of mirth, and gilded over his disgrace by 
 show and magnificence ; if his reason began to return, 
 I subdued it by fondness, or disturb'd it by jealousy. 
 Thus did I preserve my conquest, establish my fame, 
 and put Anthony first in the list of 
 
 "all the mighty names by love undone." 
 
 Had I only wept when honour and Octavia call'd him 
 home I might have been the burthen of a love ballad, or 
 
240 THE "WORLD WELL LOST!" [Ch. V. 
 
 subject of a tender Elegy, who now am the glory of our 
 sex, and the great instance of beauty's power. Do not 
 you wish you had used the same managements ? 
 
 Berenice. I might have used them had I loved the 
 same man : Cleopatra, the coquette was a proper mis- 
 tress for the Reveller Anthony ; but the god-like Titus, 
 the delight as well as Master of Mankind, left no part of 
 the heart unengaged and at liberty to dissemble. What 
 had not yielded to his wisdom, submitted to his witt, 
 was subdued by his magnanimity, or won by his gentle- 
 ness ; when affection does not vary, behaviour cannot 
 change ; and methinks Anthony should have quitted you 
 from distrust of your love, and Titus have retain'd me 
 from confidence in mine. After what you have told me, 
 I am more than ever surprised at your fate and my 
 own. 
 
 Cleopatra. If you want this explain'd ask Eneas, 
 Theseus, Jason, and the infinite multitude of faithless 
 lovers, but if my authority will pass, believe me An- 
 thony was preserved by his doubt of my love, and Titus 
 was lost by his confidence in yours. Do not look so 
 concern'd. From the era of your disaster to this very 
 day you will find every faithful and fond Berenice dis- 
 carded, while the gay, vain, and capricious fair one is to 
 her Anthony a Cleopatra and the "world well lost." 
 
 From the following letter of Dr. Young's to Mrs. 
 Montagu it would appear that she had sent this dialogue 
 for him to read. 
 
 "Dear Madam, 
 
 " I hope you will allow that a curiosity is better 
 than a good thing. I send you a paper which may be 
 called a curiosity, as it is printed, but not for the publick, 
 only for your ease in perusing it. 
 
 "I much thank you for the bright specimen of genius 
 you was so kind as to send me. I admire it as much as 
 you. I hope you are recoyer'd of the Indysposition you 
 
I76i.] LIKENESS TO FREDERICK THE GREAT. 241 
 
 mention'd in your Last, and that you, the cloud remov'd, 
 will continue to shine on, 
 
 " Dear Madam, 
 
 " Your most obedient 
 
 and Humble Serv', 
 
 " E. Young." 
 
 " May 26, 1761." 
 
 Emin, from " Standgate Creek, on board of the ship 
 Northumberland," writes on May 5 to Mrs. Montagu, 
 addressing her thus — 
 
 " To the wisdom of Europe, sister to the great King 
 of Prussia, excellent Mrs. Montagu." 
 
 Not only did he think Mrs. Montagu equal in clever- 
 ness to Frederick the Great, but he considered her fore- 
 head and eyes like his, to the great indignation of Lord 
 Bath and Dr. Monsey, who pronounced it impossible 
 she should resemble so bloodthirsty a character. 
 
 Mrs. Carter took leave of Mrs. Montagu on May 18, 
 and that very evening Mrs. Montagu writes to her — 
 
 " You left London only this morning, and I am 
 writing to you to-night ; does it not seem unreasonable ? 
 I hope not, as you must know there are habits which 
 it is hard to break, and alas ! I was in the habit of con- 
 versing with you every day. I feel like a traveller, who 
 by the chearfull light of the Sun has pleasantly pursued 
 his day's journey, but seeing it^below the horizon, enjoys 
 and would fain prolong the twilight, which tho' it has 
 not the warmth and lustre of the noon-day, yet is a 
 kind interposition between it and the gloom of the 
 night." 
 
 She dates her letter from Ealing, where she had 
 gone to the Botham's for the night, " imagining I should 
 hear your tones better from the nightingale than in the 
 
 VOL. II. R 
 
242 LORD BATH'S HOUSE IN PICCADILLY. [Ch. V. 
 
 din and chatter of London." So much did Mrs. Carter 
 value Mrs. Montagu's letters that she always noted the 
 day and year of their reception of them, which is a 
 great help to an editor in compiling, as many of Mrs. 
 Montagu's letters are undated. In the end of this letter 
 she mentions that she is returning to London next day 
 to spend the evening with Mrs. Boscawen, who was to 
 leave the Admiralty that day for her new house. 
 
 " She will be too apt to reflect on the change of her 
 condition upon such an occasion, and the less time she 
 has to dwell on the subject the better. Alas, how few 
 people are there so happily situated that they can 
 intrepidly look on their condition ! Mr. Melmoth * made 
 me a visit this evening. I exhorted him to give his 
 leisure hours to the publick, and hope he will do it, as 
 his health is now much improved." 
 
 A most curious anonymous letter to Lord Bath con- 
 cerning his house in Piccadilly, dated June s, 1761, is 
 next in order. The handwriting is large and bold. 
 
 " My Lord, 
 
 "A zeal for the glory of the Nation and of the 
 town, also of your Lordship, induces me to recommend 
 to you to modernize your house in Piccadilly, at least 
 externally, by facing it with stone or Stucco, as brick 
 has an ignoble appearance, and is considered by foreign- 
 ers only fit for a Maison bourgeotse; a Portico with 
 a Rampe,\ as at the Hotels of Prince Eugene and 
 Swartzenburg at Vienna, unites Conveniency, Elegance, 
 and Grandeur, as chairs and coaches can go up the 
 Rampe and under the Portico, whereas a Perron % or 
 
 » William Melmoth, born 1710, died 1799. English scholar; trans- 
 lated the " Letters of Pliny," etc., etc. 
 t Means a rising gradient. 
 % A flight of steps. 
 
i76i.] THE BRITISH MUSEUM. 243 
 
 open steps are always inconvenient, and often danger- 
 ous in snowy, wet, and frosty weather. I hope that your 
 Lordship will give a Proof and monument of your 
 Taste, Spirit, and Generosity in architecture, contribut- 
 ing thereby to the embellishment of the Metropolis. A 
 House of Distinction sho'd be always insulated without 
 any Building contiguous thereto, which insulation has 
 many advantages. 
 
 " I have the Honour to be, with Respect, 
 
 " Etc. 
 
 "Junes, 1761." 
 
 The British Museum, containing the library and col- 
 lection of Sir Hans Sloane, the Cottonian and Harleian 
 MSS., etc., had been established in Montagu House, 
 bought of the Earl of Halifax, and opened in 1759. 
 The following letter from Mr. Charles Morton, the 
 curator, will show the conditions under which the 
 Museum was then shown. The Earl of Halifax, who 
 had owned Montagu House, was a cousin of Mr. 
 Montagu's. 
 
 " To Mrs. Montagu. 
 
 " Madam, 
 
 " I am extremely sorry not to have received 
 the Honour of your Message before eleven o'clock last 
 night, being detained abroad by Business till that Time. 
 I flatter myself, however, that the affair you mention 
 will not have suffered by my absence; for on fridays 
 and mondays the Museum is open in the afternoon 
 only, at the Hours of four and six, calculated to accom- 
 modate for a few months persons of a different class, 
 and on Saturdays the Museum is shut up. I have there- 
 fore secured places for Mrs. Montagu and her company 
 for Tuesday sennight, at one o'clock, and promise 
 myself the Pleasure to send the Tickets on Wednesday 
 next, unless the Time I have engaged should be 
 
244 A COUNTRY GENTLEWOMAN. [Ch. V. 
 
 inconvenient to you ; in which latter case, I beg the 
 Honour of a note to-morrow some time before noon. 
 " Madam, I remain, with great respect, 
 " Your most obedient 
 
 and most humble Servant, 
 
 "Chas. Morton. 
 
 " Montagu House, June 7, 1761." 
 
 From Sandleford, on June 23, Mrs. Montagu writes 
 to Mrs. Carter — 
 
 " Dear Madam, 
 
 " I told you in my last that I was going to take 
 a flight into Berkshire ; and here I have been ever since 
 Friday evening, leading a Pastoral life in the finest 
 weather I ever saw. Tho' the most sage Horace says 
 we change our climate without changing our disposi- 
 tion, I must be of another opinion, for by only the 
 diiference of latitude and longitude between Hill Street 
 and Sandleford I am become one of the most reason- 
 able, quiet, good, kind of country gentlewoman that ever 
 was. In the days when misses employ'd their crimping 
 and wimpling irons upon cheese-cakes and tarts, not on 
 flounces and furbelows, and matrons used no rouge, but 
 a little cochineal to give a fine colour to a dried neat's- 
 foot tongue, they could not be further from the temper 
 and qualities and conditions of a fine lady than your 
 humble servant at this present writing. My health is 
 much improved by the country air; I saunter all day, 
 and when Phoebus sets in the material world, he rises 
 in the Intellectual ; then I sit down to read what he has 
 inspired, and I find the amusements of the day here pre- 
 pare me well for my evening's lecture. . . . 
 
 " The mention of poetry puts me in mind to tell you 
 I am very well satisfied with the share of praise you 
 give to Cowley.* He had a rich vein of thought, but 
 being too ostentatious oif it, we are disgusted at the 
 
 * Abraham Cowley, born 1618, died 1667 ; poet 
 
I76i.] GESNER'S "MORT D'ABEL." 24S 
 
 proud display of his treasures, as at the pomp of a rich 
 man, when it goes beyond the bounds modesty and a 
 sound judgment should set to it. I agree with you that 
 his love verses are insufferable. I think you and I who 
 have never been in love, could describe it better were 
 we ask'd, what is it like ? I think some of his verses, like 
 Anacreon, very pretty, and the verses by the god of love 
 in honour of Anacreon are very pretty tho' a little too 
 long. I think you was too temperate in your com- 
 mendation of ' La Mort D'Abel.' * I was infinitely 
 delighted with it as a work of genius. On your re- 
 commendation I lent it to my Lord Lyttelton, who 
 sent it back with great approbation. But to be sincere 
 in spite of you both, some silly prejudices against the 
 Author and the language the poem was originally 
 written in, a little damped my expectations, and the 
 beginning, in which he imitates Milton, with all the 
 faintness of reflected beams, make me advance very 
 soberly. But what a feast is the Patriarchal dinner! 
 How sweetly innocent their manners ! Eve's horror 
 at the first storm, her surprize at Adam's fastening up 
 the mouth of the cave, concern at the first sight of death, 
 which is finely supposed to seize a dove, because in that 
 animal only could the grief of a surviving friend be 
 shown, with ten thousand other circumstances in hers 
 and Adam's narration, all so natural and yet so new 
 that I must call Mr. Gesner a Poet. A Poet should 
 create, but he should not make monsters. I think our 
 Author has not the sublime, but his genius suits his 
 subject. What a noble piety ! what a purity of heart 
 in Abel! and how finely is his character contrasted 
 with Cain's. Abel's are virtues of disposition and 
 temper in a great degree, and so are Cain's vices, which 
 rightly imagined in a state of life where example and 
 discipline could not have so much influence as in a 
 larger society and more mix'd life. Milton's and Mr. 
 Gesner's pastoral scenes are so ennobled and refined by 
 Religion, that the Shepherds and Shepherdesses who 
 
 • By Salomon Gesner, born 1730, died 1788. " Tod Abels." 
 
246 GOING TO TUNBRIDGE. [Ch. V. 
 
 worship the wanton Pan and drunken Silenus, make a 
 mean figure when compared to them. I agree with you 
 in liking Mr. Gesner's Pastorals extreamly, but let him 
 still keep to the more than golden age of the Poets. I 
 would fain propose to him to take the story of Joseph 
 next. He has a fine genius for Drama ! The last three 
 books of Abel make a noble tragedy. Did you not drop 
 a tear at the lamentation of Cain's children over Abel's 
 body ? // ne se reveillera plus ! II ne se reveillera plus ! 
 How simple! how natural! how affecting! What a 
 witchcraft is there in words! repeat, it est mart, it is 
 nothing, but the simplicity of children who had not a 
 name for death and the words at once signifying the 
 circumstance is very touching. ... 1 have taken a 
 house at Tunbridge from the 3rd of July. I hope my 
 dear friend will be ready to come to me. I shall send 
 the post-chaize to you as soon as I am at Tunbridge. 
 " I am, my dear Madam, 
 
 " With most sincere and tender affection, 
 "Yours, 
 
 "E. Montagu." 
 
 Writing from Sandleford on June 26 to Mrs. Scott, 
 Mrs. Montagu mentions that she is going to Tunbridge 
 
 " for 6 or 7 weeks perhaps, and the rest of the summer 
 I shall pass at Sandleford, except my excursion to Bath 
 Easton. Mrs. Carter is to come to Tunbridge to me as 
 soon as I get thither, and, I hope, stay with me the 
 whole season. I was so fortunate as to enjoy her com- 
 pany much longer in town this year than usual, but that 
 only makes me wish the more to have her again. She 
 was not in the house with me in town, preferring the 
 quiet of a lodging to herself, and indeed it would not be 
 any delight to Mr. Montagu to have her in the house ; 
 tho' he says she would be a good sort of woman if she 
 was not so pious* My Lord Bath told me he was to 
 
 • Mr. Montagu, though a most moral man and a Church attendant, 
 objected to religious conversation. 
 
i76i.] CHARACTER OF LORD BATH. 247 
 
 go to Bath on Wednesday, the day we dined with 
 him. . . , 
 
 "I shall have Mrs. Boscawen for my neighbour at 
 Tunbridge ; she is to be at Sir Sydney Smythe's, only 
 three miles from the Wells. Lady Frances Williams 
 is in the deepest affliction for Lady Coningsbye.* To 
 show the last respect to her, Lady Frances staid in the 
 house with the dead body in spite of all her friends 
 could do; she did not leave Lady Coningsbye's house 
 till last Saturday; she has been so singularly unfor- 
 tunate that, had she not the strongest piety and the 
 strongest reason to support her, she must sink under 
 the repeated strokes of affliction. ... I suppose you 
 have read Dr. Hawkesworth's t 'Oriental Tales,' it is 
 not written with so much spirit as the Oriental tales 
 in 'the Adventurer' which were by him, but there are 
 some fine things in it. . . . I have heard my Lord Bath 
 speak with great regard for you and Lady Bab Mon- 
 tagu. I believe we shall call on him on Monday, on our 
 way to London. We were asked to dine or lye there in 
 our journey down, and at our return. He has recovered 
 his health and spirits and is the most delightfull com- 
 panion imaginable. I think he has great good qualities, 
 and I do not perceive the least of that covetousness 
 which was attributed to him while his wife lived; he 
 lives nobly, entertains generously, and I know many 
 acts of generosity he has done, and I have known them 
 from the report and acknowledgements of the persons 
 obliged, for by his behaviour to such of them as I have 
 seen at his house you would think he had received 
 favours from them, which nobly enhances the benefit. 
 He seems to have the strongest sense of Religion, and 
 on all occasions to show it without the ostentation of 
 one who wants to be praised for piety, nor does he ever 
 in the gayest of his conversation forget the respect due 
 to every moral duty. It would give one pain to dis- 
 cover any faults in one who has such extraordinary 
 
 * Her sister. 
 
 t John Hawkesworth, LL D., essayist aad novelist, died 1773. 
 
248 BLIND MAN'S BUFF. [Ch. V. 
 
 perfections and endowments, and I think his Lordship 
 has outlived the errors which the hustling of a mighty 
 Spirit may in youth have led him : as to his consort, 
 she was, in Milton's phrase, a cleaving mischief in his 
 way to virtue. 
 
 " I am glad Lord Bath is to be at Tunbridge. Mrs. 
 Carter is a great favourite, and I hope we shall have a 
 good deal of his company." 
 
 She winds up her letter with high commendation of 
 Gesner's " Death of Abel " mentioned before. 
 Dr. Young now writes — 
 
 "Dear Madam, 
 
 " You and I are playing blind man's buff; we 
 both fancy we are catching something, and we are both 
 mistaken. You say you have sent me two somethings, 
 and I have not received so much as one, and you ex- 
 pected one from me, which is not yet come to your 
 hand, which will kiss your hand this week, and if you 
 are at the trouble of reading it over you will find a 
 sufficient excuse for my delay. By what you say in 
 your kind letter, you give me a very keen appetite for 
 both the books which you promise. I have heard 
 nothing yet of the time of my going to Kew : when I 
 am there I shall make it my endeavour to enjoy as 
 much of you as I can. I have been in very great pain 
 with my rheumatism for some time, but now, I bless 
 God, I hope the worst is over. May health and peace 
 keep company with that benevolence and genius which 
 are already with you. 
 
 " I am, dear Madam, 
 
 " Your much obliged 
 and most obedient humble Servt., 
 
 " E. Young. 
 " Mrs. Hallows * sends her best respects. 
 
 " Wellwyn, the and July, '61." 
 
 • Mrs. Hallows was Dr. Young's lady housekeeper. 
 
I76i.] THE FUTURE QUEEN. 249 
 
 Dr. Young's allusion to Kew was the fact that he 
 had recently been appointed Clerk of the Closet to the 
 Princess Dowager of Wales. 
 
 On July 7 Mrs. Montagu started for Tunbridge 
 Wells, and on the following Monday sent her post- 
 chaise to fetch Mrs. Carter, and Lord Bath arrived from 
 London on the same day. Mr. Montagu, who was going 
 to Sandleford for a while, mentions in a letter of July 1 1 
 to his wife that 
 
 "there was a great appearance of the privy council 
 when the King declar'd his intention of demanding the 
 Princess of Mecklenburgh in marriage, a request that 
 can never be denied. The family is ancient, and the 
 blood high, but I suppose the Dukedom not very rich, 
 but this may be helped with subsidies, etc., but this is 
 not much to be grudged if by making our young Mon- 
 arch happy it contributes to that of the Nation, tho' 
 Princes are under a disadvantage from which their sub- 
 jects are free, of marrying those whom they have never 
 seen or convers'd with, still I hope there is reason to be 
 believed that this alliance, as it was of the young Mon- 
 arch's choosing and not of the imposing of a Father, 
 and as money, etc., is out of the case, that care has been 
 taken by those employ'd to give a true information both 
 of the perfections of the mind and body of this Princess, 
 and he will be happy." 
 
 Mr. Montagu adds that the pictures at Newbold 
 Verdon were to be sold for Mr. Edward Wortley- 
 Montagu's debts, but that a list of them had been sent 
 to him by Mr. E. Wortley-Montagu, who desired to 
 know which he would accept of as a present. Mr, 
 Montagu had marked his brother's portrait (Mr. James 
 Montagu), and asks his wife to say if there were 
 any she wished for. Very probably the picture by 
 Sir Peter Lely of the first Earl of Sandwich, Mr< 
 
250 MR. RICHARDSON'S DEATH. [Ch. V. 
 
 Montagu's grandfather, which I possess, came from 
 there. 
 
 Lord Bath conveyed Mrs. Montagu and Mrs. Carter 
 " to Mr. Pratt's * place, call'd Bayham Abbey, which I 
 believe you once saw with Mr. Pitt. The ruins of the 
 Abbey are very noble. Tho' the Gothick buildings have 
 not in their time of utmost perfection the beauty of the 
 Graecian ; time seems to have a greater triumph in the 
 destruction of strength than of grace. ... I have just 
 now the pleasure of hearing Pondicherry t is taken. I 
 hope this will depress the spirits of the French. . . . 
 Lord Bath and Lord Lyttelton and Mrs. Carter and 
 Doctor Sraythe and many others desire their compli- 
 ments." 
 
 On July 20 Dr. Stillingfleet writes from Stanlake, 
 Berks, the seat of his friend, Richard Neville Aid- 
 worth, expressing his regret that he cannot accept 
 Mrs. Montagu's kind invitation to Tunbridge Wells, 
 as his friend, Mr. Aldworth, had made him promise 
 to spend a summer with him at Stanlake. "This 
 friend has had his constitution broken so by the 
 gout, that he is become a valetudinarian, and there- 
 fore I can the less think of leaving him. He is 
 ordered by his Physician to drink the Sunning Hill 
 Waters, and we are going there as soon as he is 
 able." Mr. Aldworth was an ancestor of Lord Bray- 
 brooke's. 
 
 Mr. Richardson, the author of "Clarissa Harlowe," 
 etc., died on July 4, to the great grief of Dr. Young, who 
 was a bosom friend of his. Mrs. Montagu bade Dr. 
 Young come to Tunbridge to cheer his spirits. He 
 writes — 
 
 * Afterwards Lord Camden. 
 
 t Pondicherry in the East Indies was taken on January 15, 1761. 
 
I76i.] "COOLING STANZAS!" 251 
 
 " Dear Madam, 
 
 "On your very kind invitation I have inquired 
 if it is in my power to accept of it, but I am not 
 yet satisfied in that point. Probabilities will not 
 excuse me if her R. H. should go to Kew. I should 
 be very happy to be with you. I have so much to 
 say to you that at present I shall say nothing. You 
 will hear further of me in a little while. I beg my 
 humble service to Mrs. Carter. May the Waters con- 
 tinue to be as serviceable to you as I would be if it was 
 in my power. 
 
 " I am, dear Madam, 
 
 " Your obliged 
 and most obedient humble Servt, 
 
 "E. Young. 
 "July 21, 1761." 
 
 On July 30 Dr. Young writes that he is obliged 
 to refuse Mrs. Montagu's kind invitation "as he 
 had a friend with him he could not leave," and as 
 "her Royal Highness sent me word she would send 
 for me when she wanted me; for these reasons I 
 deny thyself the great pleasure of waiting on you. 
 I have ordered some Stanzas to be sent to you; 
 they are of a cooling nature, and may qualify your 
 waters." 
 
 In this year (1761) a complete collection of the 
 doctor's works was printed. 
 
 On the 8th of July George III. had announced his 
 intention of demanding in marriage the Princess Char- 
 lotte of Mecklenburg Strelitz; negotiations were im- 
 mediately commenced. Mrs. Montagu writes from 
 Tunbridge Wells to her husband thus — 
 
 "We are all disappointed here at hearing our new 
 Queen is fair; the first report was that by a lively 
 
252 UPON THE FUTURE QUEEN. [Ch. V. 
 
 bloom she would cast a shade over the white com- 
 plexions of our royal family. The sight of our brilliant 
 Court, the salutations of our navy on her arrival, the 
 opulent appearance of our towns, and the greatness of 
 our capital city will astonish her. I hope her mind is 
 more proportioned to her lot in marriage than such a 
 situation is to her present circumstances. A noble 
 mind will fill a great situation, and enjoy it with pleasure 
 and gratitude, without the swellings of insolence, but 
 such a change is dangerous where there is a mediocrity 
 of sense and virtue. I heartily wish she may be worthy 
 of our young King, be pleasing in the domestick scene, 
 and great in the publick ; his good nature will impart to 
 her a share of power and a degree of confidence, and I 
 wish for the publick she may never abuse the one, nor 
 misapply the other. There seems not to be a very good 
 choice of ladies about her, there is not one who is quite 
 fit to teach her even the forms of her publick conduct, 
 none at all equal to advise her private, ignorant as she 
 must be of the behaviour that will be expected of her, 
 she should have had some woman of quality of remark- 
 able discretion, character, and politeness, whom high 
 birth and great situation had approached as nearly as a 
 subject can to the station of a Queen. Lady Bute would 
 have been the properest person, but I suppose she 
 might out of delicacy avoid putting herself about the 
 Queen's person, as thinking it might look like watching 
 her, and indeed so happy as Lady Bute is in her circum- 
 stances, the slavery of personal attendance is more than 
 anything but great ambition could pay her for. I 
 think, however, they have chosen the ladies * of the bed- 
 chamber ; her Majesty must consult Lady Bute upon 
 everything. . . . Lord Bath always inquires after you 
 and sends his compliments. Lord Lyttelton is gone 
 on a party of pleasure with Mr. Selwyn.f This place is 
 pretty full of I know not who. Sir Edward Bering and 
 
 • The Duchess of Ancaster and Duchess of Hamilton were sent to 
 escort Queen Charlotte to England. 
 
 t George Selwyn, celebrated wit ; born 1719, died 1791. 
 
i76i.] A LETTER OF ADVICE. 253 
 
 his family and the Lambarts breakfasted at Tunbridge, 
 and go back again. 
 
 " I am, my Dearest, 
 
 " With the greatest gratitude 
 and affection, your most faithful wife, 
 
 "E. M." 
 
 Mrs. Montagu's letter of advice to Mr. Thomas 
 Lyttelton, who had now left Eton and gone to Christ 
 Church, Oxford, though undated, may be placed here. 
 
 "Tunbridge, 28 (July?). 
 
 " Dear Sir, 
 
 " I have often check'd my inclination to write to 
 you while you were at Eton for fear of calling you off 
 from your school exercises ; but as you are now in a 
 situation, where there is a vacancy of business and 
 pleasure, I do not feel the same scruples, may write 
 you long letters, and expect full answers to them. How- 
 ever, I will be so far reasonable, that if you send me a 
 card, to signify that you are engaged for the week, or 
 month, to Cicero or Livy, it will be a more valid excuse 
 to me than if, on inviting you to dinner, you told me you 
 were engaged to a beauty or a Duchess. My love for 
 you, my hope of you, my wishes for you, and my expec- 
 tations from you, unite in giving me a respect for your 
 time, and a deep concern for your employment of it. 
 The morning of life, like the morning of the day, should 
 be dedicated to business. On the proper use of that 
 ' sweet hour of prime ' will depend the glory of your 
 noon of life, and serenity of the evening. Give it, there- 
 fore, dear Mr. Lyttelton, to the strenuous exertion and 
 labour of the mind, before the indolence of the meridian 
 hour, or the unabated fervour of the exhausted day 
 renders you unfit for severe application. I hope you 
 will not (like many young men who have been reckoned 
 good scholars at Eton and Westminster) take leave of 
 it there, and fall into the study of les belles lettres, as we 
 call our modern books. I suppose from the same courtesy 
 
254 LES BELLES LETTRES. [Ch. V. 
 
 the weakest part of the rational species is styled the fair 
 sex, though it can boast of few perfect beauties, and 
 perhaps the utmost grace and dignity of the human form 
 is never found in it. As you have got a key to the sacred 
 shades of Parnassus, do not lose your time in sauntering 
 in the homely orchards or diminutive pleasure gardens 
 of the latter times. If the ancient inhabitants of Par- 
 nassus were to look down from their immortal bowers 
 on our labyrinths) whose greatest boast is a fanciful 
 intricacy, our narrow paths where genius cannot take 
 his bounding steps, and all the pert ornaments in our 
 parterres of wit, they would call them the modern's folly ; 
 a name the wise farmer often gives to some spot from 
 whence the Squire has banished the golden harvest, to 
 trim it up for pleasure with paltry ornaments and quaint 
 conceits. I should be sorry to see you quit Thucydides 
 for Voltaire, Livy for Vertot, Xenophon for the bragging 
 Memoirs of French Marshals, and the universal TuUy 
 and deep Tacitus for speculative politicians, modern 
 orators, and the dreamers in Universities or convents. 
 I will own that in Natural Philosophy and some of the 
 lesser branches of learning the Moderns excel ; but it 
 would not be right for a person of your situation to 
 strike into any private paths of Science. The study of 
 History will best fit you for active life. From history 
 you will acquire a knowledge of mankind, and a true 
 judgment in politics ; in moral, as well as physical en- 
 quiries, we should have recourse to experiments. As to 
 the particular study of eloquence, I need hardly exhort 
 you to do it ; for eloquence is not only the most beauti- 
 ful of all the daughters of wisdom, but has also the 
 best dowry ; and we may say of her, as Solomon did of 
 her Mother, riches and honours are in her right hand. 
 Elevation of sentiment and dignity of language are 
 necessary to make an orator ; modern life and modern 
 language will hardly inspire you with either. I look 
 upon Virtue as the muse of Eloquence, she inspired the 
 phillippics of the Grecian and Roman Orator, her voice 
 awakened Rome, slumbering in the snares of Catiline. 
 
i76i.] THE FEAR OF GOD. 255 
 
 Public spirit will teach the art of public speaking better 
 than the rules of rhetoric, but above all things, the 
 character of the orator gives persuasion, grace, and 
 dignity to the Oration. Integrity of Manners gives the 
 best testimony of sincerity of speech. If you form your 
 conduct upon the sacred book which gives rules far more 
 perfect than human wisdom could contrive, you will be 
 an honour to religion, a support to your country, and a 
 blessing to your family. It may seem strange that I 
 have last mentioned what should be first regarded. The 
 Bible alone will make a good man ; human learning with- 
 out the fear of God, which is the beginning of Wisdom 
 and the knowledge of Him, which is understanding, will 
 produce but a poor inconsistent character ; but duties 
 are enlarged and multiplied by the power and circum- 
 stances with which God has intrusted us, and in which 
 He has placed us. Your talents and situation will fit 
 you for public trusts ; it is a duty in you to qualify your- 
 self for them, to give your virtue every strength, and 
 then to employ it in the service of your country in its 
 most important interests, true religion, and good govern- 
 ment. I hope you will excuse my having said so much, 
 that has the air of advice to one who wants it so little, 
 but young people are apt to be prodigal of time because 
 they think they have so many years before them ; but if 
 life be long, the season for improvement is short. 
 
 " I hope Mrs. Fortescue * liked the Indian paper ; it 
 is new and uncommon, and I thought much prettier 
 than any I could get at a moderate price. I beg my 
 respects to her and my dear Miss Lytteltoat I hear 
 there will be a turnpike road between Oxford and 
 Newbury, and I hope you will frequently make use of 
 it. I shall leave Tunbridge on Monday. I have enjoyed 
 perfect health here, and the society of some of my best 
 friends, so you may believe I have passed the season 
 very happily, but a happy life seems always a short 
 one. Mrs. Carter was so good as to give me her 
 company in my house. My Lord Lyttelton and my 
 
 * Mr. Lyttelton's grandmother. f His sister. 
 
256 A BLOOM-COLOURED COAT. [Ch. V. 
 
 Lord Bath were often with us ; having had their cha- 
 racters continually before me, you will not wonder I 
 should think great acquirements as well as great talents 
 necessary to make all possible perfection. I am sure 
 you will be pleased to hear that my Lord Bath greatly 
 approves and admires that part of my Lord Lyttelton's 
 history which is already printed. I believe there is not 
 any one living whose approbation would give Lord 
 Lyttelton so much pleasure ; talents and virtues and 
 extensive knowledge all in the highest degree join to 
 make him a perfect judge, and his great reputation 
 gives him a decisive authority; your Father is proud 
 of his praise as a critick, and pleased with it on motives 
 of friendship, which touch his heart more nearly than 
 any where vanity has a part, tho' he is an author and a 
 poet. His Lordship's Muse met him in the shades of 
 Penshurst, and with love or flattery prompted two 
 charming pieces, one to Mrs. Carter, and one to my 
 Lord Bath. Mrs. Carter, Dr. Monsey and Mr. Montagu 
 desire their compliments to you. 
 " I am, dear Sir, 
 " Your most sincere and affectionate friend 
 and obedient humble Servant, 
 
 " E. Montagu." 
 
 Dr. Monsey, who had recovered from a severe illness, 
 had joined the party at Tunbridge, and had appeared in 
 a new bloom-coloured coat, to the amusement of the 
 Montagu circle, who chaffed him upon it. 
 
 On August 22 Mr. Charles Morton wrote to Mrs. 
 Montagu the following : — 
 
 " Madam, 
 
 "As I conceive the following article which I 
 have just received in a letter from Paris, to relate to 
 the Countess of Pomfret,* I thought it might be agree- 
 able to you to acquaint Her Ladyship therewith. 
 
 * Lady Pomfret, widow of the ist Earl Pomfret, had in 175 5 presented 
 the University of Oxford with a portion of the Arundel marbles which 
 
DR. EDWARD YOUNG. 
 
 {To face f, 256, vol, ii. 
 
I76i.] DR. YOUNG. 257 
 
 "'Mons' Bejot, who, since the death of the Abb6 
 Sallier, has care of the manuscripts in the King's 
 Library, is a most worthy and obliging gentleman ; he 
 has promised me to have copies drawn of the curious 
 Cuts in the beautiful Manuscript of Froissard's Chronicle, 
 for an English lady, a great friend to Oxford.' This 
 letter is dated Paris, August ist ; the writer is the Butler 
 who travels with Mr. Howard, nephew to the Duke of 
 Norfolk. I am much obliged to you for the Highland 
 Poems ; and have the honour to remain, Madam, 
 
 " Your most obliged and most humble servant, 
 
 " Charles Morton. 
 
 " Museum, August 22, 1761." 
 
 Mrs. Montagu quitted Tunbridge Wells on August 30. 
 On September 2 she wrote to Mrs. Carter — 
 
 " I found on my table a poem on ' Resignation ' * by 
 Dr. Young; he sent me a copy for you which I will 
 send by the Deal coach. . . . You will be pleased I 
 think with what he says of Voltaire, you know we 
 exhorted him to attack a character whose authority is 
 so pernicious. In vain do Moralists attack the shadowy 
 forms of Vice while the living Temples of it are revered 
 and admired." 
 
 Dr. Young writes on September 2 — 
 
 "Dear Madam, 
 
 " I was in too much haste and ordered a thing 
 to be sent to you (which I suppose you have received) 
 before I had read it myself. On reading it, I find my 
 distance from the Press has occasioned many errors; 
 
 had been purchased by her husband's father. She was the daughter 
 of the second and last Baron Jeffreys, of Warn. She had been Lady 
 of the Bedchamber to Queen CaroHne. 
 
 • "Resignation" was written with a view of consolation for Mrs. 
 Boscawen on her husband's death. 
 
 VOL. IL S 
 
258 LORD BATH'S PORTRAIT. [Ch. V. 
 
 SO that in some parts I have had the impudence to 
 present you with perfect nonsense. 
 
 "Page 1 8, Stanza 2nd, should be thus (viz.)— 
 
 " ' Earth, a cast Mistress then disgusts, etc' 
 
 " Page 34 : It should be thus (viz.) — 
 
 " ' Receive the triple prize, etc' 
 
 " Pray pardon this trouble from, dear Madam, 
 " Your much obliged and most obedient 
 " H. Servant, 
 
 "E, Young. 
 
 "P.S.— I know not how to direct the enclosed, 
 excuse my insolence in desiring you to do it for me." 
 
 Lord Bath was having his picture (now in the 
 National Portrait Gallery) painted by Sir Joshua Rey- 
 nolds for Mrs. Montagu. He left London for Ives 
 Place, and writes — 
 
 " I shall be in town again in a few days, but not till 
 after the Queen's arrival, for I have had the opportunity 
 of making my excuses, in the proper place, for not 
 attending the marriage ceremony. You will judge of 
 the likeness of the Picture best, when I am not present, 
 if it could speak, it would tell you, what I can scarce 
 venture to do. How much I love and am, etc." 
 
 Mrs. Montagu went to London for the coronation, 
 which took place September 22, leaving Mr. Montagu 
 at Sandleford. She writes to him — 
 
 "I have not got any cold or mischief from the 
 coronation, at half an hour after four I got into the 
 coach, went by Fulham to Lambeth, from whence I 
 crossed the water in a boat which landed me at the 
 cofferer's office, where I was to see the Show. I had 
 
^/ntjy <WaJM^ &^A. eTc . 
 
 (Vlll'iajrL ^uLbeneAJ . l^t^ (bcLrL <^/ jJjatfh 
 
i76i.] THE CORONATION. 259 
 
 a perfect view of the procession to and from West- 
 minster to the Abbey, and I must say it rather exceeded 
 my expectation. The ladies made a glorious appearance ; 
 whenever there was any beauty of countenance or shape 
 or air they were all heightened by the dress. Lady 
 Talbot was a fine figure. The Queen, being very little, 
 did not appear to advantage. The King had all the 
 impressions of decent satisfaction and good-natured 
 joy in his face; looked about him with great com- 
 placency, and tried to make himself as visible as he 
 could to the mob, but the canopy carried over his 
 Majesty's head and the persons who carried his train 
 made him not so conspicuous. His behaviour at the 
 Abbey pleased much. It was perfectly dark before 
 the Procession returned from the Abbey, so we lost 
 the second view. I got into a barge which I hired 
 for js. 6d., and got to the coach which waited at Yorke 
 buildings. Mr. Botham and his daughters are just 
 gone. Lord Lyttelton was near fainting away just as 
 the procession set out from the Hall, and was obliged 
 to sit down and take drops till a chair could be got 
 to carry him home. Lady Albemarle fainted presently 
 after. Lord Grantham was ill, but able to go thro' the 
 ceremony. 
 
 " The early hour the Peers and Peeresses are forced 
 to rise at and the weight of their robes and all the 
 whole affair is fatiguing, but they make a good figure, 
 for there is something very majestick in the dress. 
 
 " I believe my Lord Bath will come down to us 
 about Wednesday or perhaps Tuesday. I shall be at 
 Sandleford on Monday." 
 
 In another letter describing the coronation to Mrs. 
 Carter, Mrs. Montagu says— 
 
 " It is impossible to say enough of the behaviour 
 of the King. During the procession his countenance 
 expressed a benevolent joy in the vast concourse of 
 people and their loud acclamations, but with not the 
 
26o HIS MAJESTY'S BEHAVIOUR. [Ch. V, 
 
 least air of pride or insolent exultation. In the religious 
 offices his Majesty behaved with the greatest reverence 
 and deepest attention ; he pronounced with earnest 
 solemnity his engagements to his people, and when 
 he was to receive the Sacrament he pulled off his 
 crown. How happy that in the day of the greatest 
 worldly pomp and adorned with the ensigns of regal 
 power he should remember his duty to the King of 
 Kings. The Archbishop pleased much in the Corona- 
 tion Service. I am indeed grieved at the heart for 
 Mrs. Chapone:* all calamities are light in comparison 
 of the loss of what one loves, uniquement ; after that 
 dear object is lost the glories of the golden day are 
 for ever overcast, and there is no tranquillity under the 
 silent moon, the soft and quiet pleasures are over, 
 business may employ and diversions amuse the mind, 
 but the soul's calm sunshine and the heartfelt joy can 
 never be regained. Mrs. Chapone has great virtues, 
 and if she has the Martyr's sufferings will have the 
 martyr's reward." 
 
 The following letter is from Lady Pomfret :— 
 
 "Richmond Hill, October 4, 1761, 
 
 " Dear Madam, 
 
 " The reason you give for my being deprived 
 of the pleasure of a visit from you before you left 
 London doubles the mortification. I was in hope Tun- 
 bridge had established your Health. The return of my 
 fever (which has left me but a few dales) was the cause 
 that I made no attempt to wait on you, the week you 
 stayed after the Coronation, and when I did found you 
 had been gone the day before ; but soon after, Froissart 
 and your letter informed me that your goodness to me 
 subsisted, in all the bustle of magnificence and oppres- 
 sion of sickness, since you found time to read my old 
 Chronicle with my Lord Lyttelton, to whom, and to you, 
 
 » A% Hester Mulso, a friend of Mr. S. Richardson's, and authoress 
 of" Letters on the Improvement of the Mind" ; born 1727, died 1801. 
 
1761.] LADY POMFRET. 261 
 
 I know not how to express my gratitude enough, but I 
 really feel a great deal. 
 
 "Your criticism delights me, as it was always my 
 opinion that such words as you mention ought to be 
 changed for more intelligible ones, and that it might be 
 done, with propriety, without altering the idiom, but I 
 was so charged not to deviate from the old language 
 that, till I had such authorities as you and my Lord 
 Lyttelton, I did not dare to follow my own judgment, 
 but shall now with alacrity go about it, being very 
 happy in your approbation of the rest of the book, which 
 I hope will be finish'd before the meeting of the Parlia- 
 ment, and that I shall have the assistance of such friends 
 for the perfecting of it. Your partiality to me, dear 
 Madam, is very flattering; but let Mrs. Montagu know 
 that if I ever was or am proud of my discerning faculty 
 'tis because I see her in her true light; of brightness 
 with modesty, Reason without Vanity, and a thorough 
 knowledge of this and the next world as far as is per- 
 mitted to mortals ; this I might have heard, but I glory 
 that I see it. I need not add what must be the con- 
 sequence; that 
 
 " I am. Madam, 
 
 " Your sincere admirer : and 
 
 " Most faithful Hum* serv', 
 
 "J. PoMFRET. 
 
 " Lady Sophia Carteret and Mrs. Shelley beg 
 your acceptance of their best respects." 
 
 Lady Pomfret died on December 16, 1761, at Marl- 
 borough, Wilts. 
 
 On October 5 Lord Lyttelton writes to Mrs. Mon- 
 tagu from Hagley a long letter, an extract of which I 
 give— 
 
 " Tom proposes to give a ball to some young people 
 of the neighbourhood on this day sennight, which will 
 add to our number and our jollity. He desires me to 
 
262 LORD LYTTELTON'S LETTER. [Ch. V. 
 
 tell you that if you were within twenty miles of our 
 Ball-room he would invite you to it among the hand- 
 some young women ; which you may notify to the cynic 
 Monsey, when he talks to you next of the horrid gulph of 
 forty, and bid him hold his fool's tongue. I believe you 
 fib about your age and make yourself at least ten years 
 older than you are, to be nearer to Lord Bath. I hope 
 you have been, and are still as happy with him at 
 Sandleford as your heart can desire. You will not 
 think it a compliment to either of you when I say, that 
 I would be glad to exchange all the mirth of our ball 
 for the dullest of your evenings ; but I will add in great 
 truth, that I would give up the finest day in Hagley 
 Park for a rainy one in your company. I had a letter 
 last post from the Dean,* in which he says, ' Your Lord- 
 ship must not be surprised if you hear in a post or two 
 of Mr. Secretary Pitt's and Lord Temple's being out of 
 their employments. Unless something extraordinary 
 happens, this event will certainly take place in a few 
 days. I have this intelligence not from common report, 
 but from the best authority. The reason given for their 
 resignation is the opposition made in the Cabinet to Mr. 
 Pitt's proposal of sending a fleet immediately to inter- 
 cept the Spanish Flota daily expected home, and like- 
 wise to attack their men-of-war wherever they are to be 
 found, but your Lordship knows there are other causes 
 of discontent.' If this should be true, I imagine Lord 
 Egremont f will be Secretary of State and Lord Hard- 
 wick X Privy Seal. Mr. James Grenville will probably 
 lay down with his brother, which will make a vacancy 
 at the Cofferer's Office, one of the few I might take if 
 there was an inclination to bring me into employment. 
 I wish much to know Lord Bath's opinion of Pitt's 
 advice. To me it seems to be that of a man who (in a 
 political sense) fears neither God nor man. It certainly 
 must be founded upon a supposition that a war with 
 
 * Charles Lyttelton, Dean of Carlisle. 
 
 + Charles, 2nd Earl of Egremont, bom 1710, died 1763. 
 
 X Philip Yorke, ist Earl of Hardwick, born 1690, died 1764. 
 
I76i.] LORD BATH'S JOURNEY. 263 
 
 Spain is inevitable, which I should hope is not true; 
 and even in that case I think England ought to be very 
 cautious not to appear the aggressor, which this con- 
 duct would make her. But I had rather hear his Lord- 
 ship's judgment upon this question than give my own." 
 
 Lord Bath had left Sandleford before this letter 
 arrived there. 
 
 On October 8 he writes — 
 
 "I can never sufficiently, Madam, acknowledge my 
 great obligations to you and to Mr. Montagu for the 
 honours I received at Sandleford. Six more agreeable 
 days I never passed in my whole Life, but when one has 
 been excessively happy we always pay most severely 
 for the change, when forced to quit it. This made the 
 Doctor's * journey and mine most excessively stupid and 
 melancholy. He was seized with such a soporifick 
 Torpor (as if a deluge of rain was hanging in the clouds), 
 and yet we had not a drop the whole way, and I was so 
 wretchedly miserable, that all I could say to him was, 
 'Doctor, I passed over this same ground yesterday 
 from coming from Padworth much more cheerfully and 
 happily than I do now, but one comfort is that we are 
 allowed the liberty of hoping for a renewal of the same 
 happiness some other time.' When we got to Reading, 
 where we stopped for 10 or 12 minutes (without getting 
 out of our chaize), our landlady seeing we looked 
 melancholy, endeavoured to comfort us by telling us 
 a piece of good news, that an express was just arrived 
 with an account of a complete victory obtained by the 
 King of Prussia over the Russians. On this we specu- 
 lated and ruminated for some time, when we met Mr. 
 Cambridge, who assured us it was all a lye, but that 
 another event had occurred which would surprize us 
 extremely, and then told us Mr. Pittf had quitted the 
 seals ; this astonished the Doctor more than it did me, 
 
 * Dr. Monsey. t Mr. Pitt resigned the Seals on October 5, 1761. 
 
264 THE POSITION OF MINISTERS. [Ch. V. 
 
 who had received some hint of it before, but we both 
 agreed it was a very unlucky time for adventuring on 
 such rough measures, so near the Meeting of Parliament, 
 and before anything was fixed for the obtaining of peace, 
 or preparing for a further prosecution of the War ; in 
 short, we ended in wishing all Ministers at the Devil, 
 rather than that their disagreements and dissentions 
 amongst one another should bring any difficulties or 
 dishonour on the best man in the world, the master of 
 all of them. ... I will make this reflection upon all 
 human happiness, that the state and duration of it is 
 extremely uncertain. A minister may be a very great 
 and think himself a very happy man one day, and 
 nothing at all the very next. Just so was I, Madam, 
 happy beyond measure a few days ago, and now forced 
 at a terrible distance to be assuring you that I am, with 
 all possible respect, 
 
 " Your Ladyship's most humble 
 
 and most obedient Servant, 
 
 " Bath." 
 
 Lord Lyttelton writes on October 14 to Mrs. 
 Montagu — 
 
 " Since my last, Mr. Pitt has brought his bark into a 
 happy port. A Barony for his wife and a pension of 
 ;^3000 a year for three lives are agreeable circumstances 
 in a retreat, which delivers him from the difficulty of 
 carrying on the War, or making the Peace, and keeps 
 all his laurels green and unfading on his brow. No 
 Minister in this country has ever known so well the 
 times and seasons of going in and coming out with 
 advantage to himself. I hope there will be new gold 
 boxes sent to him by the cities and Boroughs to express 
 their sense of his noble and disinterested conduct, and to 
 assure him that their lives and fortunes are all at his 
 service. In effect, I hear that all over this country since 
 first we had the news of his resigning the Seals, the cry 
 of the people in Taverns and Alehouses is, ' No Pitt, no 
 
1761.] AN ACT OF HUMILITY. 265 
 
 King.' However, I imagine that as he has condescended 
 to accept of this mark of royal favour, he will be so good 
 as to allow the King to remain on the throne." 
 
 On the same day as this last letter Dr. Monsey 
 writes from St. James's to Mrs. Montagu. This para- 
 graph is interesting — 
 
 " But here's a Rout about giving a patriot 35. 6cl. for 
 his past services either for speaking to the purpose, or 
 holding his tongue for a very good one. Why, he might 
 have been Governor-General of all North America with 
 a pension of ;^sooo. This was confidently said at the 
 ' Mount ' Coffee House as offered by the King, and was 
 told by Manby as coming from P — , no joke indeed, no 
 more than he has advertised seven good horses, 'late 
 Mr. Pitfs,' to be sold. There's an act of humility for 
 you." 
 
 Miss Mary Pitt, Mr. Pitt's sister, writes to Mrs. 
 Montagu — 
 
 " Dear Madam, 
 
 " Tho' I suppose you know all that has 
 happened since last Monday, I cannot forbear talking 
 to you upon what the King has been so very gracious as 
 to do for my family, in granting a pension of three 
 thousand pounds a year to Mr. Pitt for three lives, and 
 as he knows that he feels a repugnancy to having his 
 name upon the Irish pensions, his is upon the American 
 Duties, and the Peerage which his Majesty has also 
 done him the honour to bestow upon his family is given 
 to Lady Hester,* who is made Baroness of Chatham, by 
 which means he is left still at liberty to be an Alderman ; 
 as to all the rest, which you may know, I will do comme 
 si vous ne saviez pas. My Lord Egremont received the 
 Seals of Secretary of State yesterday, my Lord Temple 
 
 * Lady Hester's patent made out on December 4, 1761. 
 
266 WIDOWS' WEEDS. [Ch. V. 
 
 gave up his seals yesterday, and I was informed last 
 night that my Lord Hardwick was to be Privy Seal, 
 which I do not doubt, tho' it is not declared. Mr. 
 George Grenville is not to be Speaker, that he may 
 have the management of the House of Commons. My 
 Lord Temple is very angry with him, and I believe very 
 much disappointed ; at the same time I am assured that 
 my Lord Bristol writes in the strongest manner every- 
 thing that can give satisfaction to the present Ministry 
 with regard to the intentions of the Spanish Court, and 
 those despatches are said to have come Wednesday last. 
 ... I heard a few days ago from Paris that the Due de 
 Nivernois * had got a passport for my nephew." This 
 was for Mr. Tom Pitt. 
 
 At this period Dr. Gregory lost his wife, and was in 
 great despair ; she was a daughter of William, Lord 
 Forbes. 
 
 At the end of October Mrs. Montagu set out on a short 
 visit to her sister, Mrs. Scott, and Lady Bab Montagu 
 at Bath Easton. Dr. Monsey was then at Bath, whither 
 later Mrs. Montagu also repaired. Bath society was en- 
 thusiastic upon the subject of Mr. Pitt and a political 
 letter he wrote at this period. From a letter written from 
 Bath to Mrs. Carter about a Mrs. Talbot, a reduced 
 lady ,1 who was an applicant for a lady's-maid situation, 
 we learn that ;£'io per annum were regarded as adequate 
 wages for such an attendant. I subjoin a curious para- 
 graph as to a widow's dress — 
 
 " The fashionable dress for a widow is a gown with 
 two broad plaits in the back, a short cuff which comes a 
 little below the elbow, round double ruffles very shallow. 
 The dress weed is made of silk made on purpose, un- 
 dress crape, a black silk long apron, black handkerchief, 
 
 * French ambassador and writer. 
 
I76i.] A CALL FOR POETRY. 267 
 
 black hood, and a plain sort of night-cap. Either a night- 
 gown or sack may be worn with a short train, no flounce 
 or ornament of any sort, and if a sack scanty, and only 
 two broad plaits. Many women of condition who are 
 not young, wear merely a common crape sack, the 
 younger sort wear the dress that denotes their widow- 
 hood, and in a country town I should suppose the full 
 form must be observed. L, imagine your enquiry is for 
 poor Mrs. Primrose." 
 
 On November 17 Mrs. Montagu writes from Hill 
 Street to Mrs. Carter — 
 
 "My dear Friend, 
 
 " I had this day the pleasure of receiving my 
 dear Friend's most charming ode. I, alas! am like 
 Monsr. Jourdain, I speak nothing but prose, but I 
 believe my heart feels with all the enthusiasm of poetry. 
 . . . My Lord Bath is vastly happy that you are to be in 
 town the ist of January. My Lord Lyttelton is better, 
 but his fever is not quite gone. ... I think you should 
 print the verses my Lord Lyttelton addressed to you 
 from Penshurst. Pray write some more odes, and let 
 your seamstresses do your plain work, and the Clerk 
 transcribe your verses." 
 
 This year an edition of Mrs. Carter's various works 
 was printed. When Mrs. Carter was in London she 
 lodged with Mrs. Norman in Clarges Street. Mrs. 
 Montagu having ascertained that she could have her 
 lodgings there from the ist of January, adds — 
 
 " You do not deign to|]|mention Fingal, etc., but that 1 
 could pardon, for Poet Ossian has been dead full many a 
 day, but there is a head on which laurels now grow, and 
 it bears more than Parnassian bays, even wreaths of 
 sacred Virtue, and this head is apt to ake, and then my 
 heart akes for sympathy. Poor Lady Pomfret by 
 
268 THE BAS-BLEUS AND SHELLS. [Ch. V. 
 
 weary stages reached Marlborough, from thence she 
 yesterday morning quitted the weary journey of human 
 life and passed with resignation to a better. I am angry 
 with Dr. James for sending her in so hopeless a state 
 from her quiet home to the noise and inconvenience of 
 Inns. ... I think Mr. Rivington must be bewitched. I 
 will send the books as you direct. I had a quadrille 
 table last night ; and last week the Bard Macpherson 
 and many otheps of the tuneful train and we had the 
 feast of shells and drank out of a nautilus to the 
 immortal memory of Ossian. The Nautilus, you know, 
 is a perfect sailor as the other is a poet by nature. I 
 am a little mortified that you had not a word to fling at 
 Ossian. Take a modern Poet Laureate and put out his 
 eyes and see whether he will sing as sweetly, tho' he 
 sings darkling." 
 
 The bas-bleus from this time constantly celebrated, 
 amongst their intimates, the feast of shells mentioned in 
 Ossian by drinking out of them on any particular 
 occasion. 
 
 Lord Bath's portrait, not satisfying Mrs. Montagu, had 
 been returned to Mr. Reynolds for amendment, and 
 Lord Bath writes — 
 
 " Madam, 
 
 " I will sitt to Mr. Reynolds either Wenesday 
 or Saturday next, whichever is most convenient to him, 
 and shall be glad to meet Mr. Tristram Shandy (as you 
 call him) or Mr. Sterne (as I must call him) there, but 
 where it is to be you do not mention. If the alteration 
 can be made in a quarter of an hour, it is scarce worth 
 taking the Picture out of your house, but if it is to be 
 altered at Mr. Reynolds' I will be there on either of the 
 days mentioned. Last night I slept extreamely well and 
 the better since I went from Mrs. Vesey's, happy in 
 seeing you look so charmingly and well. . . . 
 
 "3 a clock, Dec. 26th, 1761." 
 
I76i.] LAURENCE STERNE. 269 
 
 Lord Bath had remarkably penetrating and brilliant 
 eyes, and one of the faults found with the picture was 
 in the representation of this feature. 
 
 The next letter from Lord Bath runs — 
 
 " How cruel was it, before I got out of bed, to receive 
 a letter forbidding me coming to you this night ! but I 
 hope nothing will prevent me from having that happiness 
 to-morrow. On Wenesday about one of the Clock, I 
 will most certainly be at Mr. Reynolds' to mend my 
 sickly looks, and to sitt down in my chair, as I should 
 do ; instead of being half standing, which criticism of 
 Mr. Sterne's I think perfectly right ; as for my looks, I 
 fear they will not be much mended by any Physick of 
 Mr. Reynolds. He has made an old man look as if he 
 was in pain, which an old man generally is, and so far 
 he is right." 
 
 Mrs. Montagu took Mr. Sterne to the sittings so 
 that he might amuse Lord Bath with his bons mots ! 
 Surely this would form a pretty and historical picture if 
 any artist would paint it. 
 
 On the publication of her poems, to which Mrs. 
 Carter looked forward in a nervous frame of mind, 
 Mrs. Montagu says — 
 
 " I am sorry for your tremors and trepidations, but 
 they are mere nervous disorders, and the manuscript 
 must be printed, so my dear Urania, away with your 
 lamentations, sit down, revise, correct, augment, print, 
 and publish. I am sure you will have a pleasure in 
 communicating the pious, virtuous sentiments that 
 breathe in all your verses. My inferior Soul will feel 
 a joy in your producing such proofs of genius to the 
 world. . . . The very best of your poetical productions 
 have never been published, they may indeed have been 
 
270 STERNE GOES ABROAD. [Ch. V. 
 
 seen by a few in manuscripts, but the finest things on 
 sheets are soon lost — 
 
 ' Foliis tantum ne carmina manda ; 
 Ne turbata volent rapidis ludibria Ventis.' 
 
 Print them and bind them fast I beg you." 
 
 Writing to her brother, William Robinson, then at 
 Rome, at this period, Mrs. Montagu congratulates him 
 on the prospect of a son or daughter — 
 
 " I desire to have all the share I can in the little one, 
 shall be happy to be accepted as a godmother, and 
 thank you for being so obliging as to intend it my name 
 if it is a girl ; it will not disgrace her if she should be a 
 toast, for I once knew a Miss Betty Robinson that set 
 up for one ; if it is not disagreeable to you I should be 
 glad if it was christened Elizabeth Montagu, which will 
 be also a compliment to my husband. I envy you, my 
 dear brother, the pleasure of seeing at your leisure the 
 Queen of Cities, Imperial Rome." 
 
 The Rev. Laurence Sterne had been in bad health 
 for some time ; he had just completed his fifth and sixth 
 volumes of "Tristram Shandy," and with permission 
 from the Archbishop of York for absence for a year or 
 more, he left Coxwould for the South of France, leaving 
 the following paper with Mrs. Montagu, who, it will be 
 remembered, was his cousin by marriage. 
 
 " December 28, 1761. 
 " Memorandums left with Mrs. Montagu in case I should 
 die abroad. 
 
 "L. Sterne. 
 
 " My sermons in a trunk at my friend Mr. Hall's, St. 
 John's Street, 2 Vols, to be picked out of them.— N.B 
 There are enough for 3 Vols. — 
 
i76i.] STERNE'S "MEMORANDUMS." 27 1 
 
 " My Letters in my bureau at Coxwould and a bundle 
 in a trunk with my sermons. — 
 
 " Note. The large piles of letters in the garrets at 
 York, to be sifted over, in search for some either of Wit, 
 or Humour — or what is better than both— of Humanity 
 and good Nature— these will make a couple of Volumes 
 more, and as not one of 'em was ever wrote, like Pope's or 
 Voiture's, to be printed, they are more likely to be read 
 — if there wants ought to serve the completion of a 3rd 
 volume — the Political Romance I wrote, which was 
 never publish'd — may be added to the fag end of the 
 volumes. . . . Tho' I have 2 reasons why I wish it may 
 not be wanted — first an undeserved compliment to one, 
 whom I have since found to be a very corrupt man — I 
 knew him weak and ignorant — but thought him honest. 
 The other reason is I have hung up Dr. Topham in the 
 romance in a ridiculous light — which upon my soul I 
 now doubt whether he deserves it — so let the Romance 
 go to sleep not by itself— for 'twil have company. 
 
 "My Conscio ad Clinum in Latin which I made for 
 Fountayne, to preach before the University to enable 
 him to take his Doctor's Degree — you will find 2 copies 
 of it, with my sermons — 
 
 " — He got Honour by it — What got I ? — Nothing 
 in my lifetime, then let me not (I charge you Mrs. Sterne) 
 be robbed of it after my death. That long pathetic 
 letter to him of the hard measure I have received — I 
 charge you, to let it be printed — 'Tis equitable you 
 should derive that good from my sufferings at least. 
 
 " I have made my will — but I leave all I have to you 
 and my Lydia — you will not Quarrel about it — but I 
 advise you to sell my estate, which will bring 1800 pds. 
 (or more after the year), and what you can raise from 
 my Works — and the sale of the last copyright of the 
 Sth and 6th Vols, of Tristram — and the produce of this 
 last work, all of which I have left (except 50 pds. in my 
 bookseller Becket's hands, and which Mr. Garrick will 
 receive and lay out in stocks for me) — all these I would 
 advise you to collect — together with the sale of my 
 
272 TWO TEARDROPS. [CH. V. 
 
 library, &c., &c. — and lay it out in Government Securi- 
 ties — If my Lydia should marry — I charge you, — I 
 charge you over again (that you may remember it the 
 more) — That upon no Delusive prospect, or promise 
 from any one, you leave yourself dependent; reserve 
 enough for your comfort — or let her wait your Death. I 
 leave this in the hands of our Cosin Mrs. Montagu — not 
 because she is our cosin — but because I am sure she has 
 a good heart. 
 
 " We shall meet again. 
 
 " — Mem*™. Whenever I die — 'tis most probable, I 
 shall have about ;£'20o due to me from my living — If 
 Lydia should dye before you ; Leave my Sister some- 
 thing worthy of your self — in case you do not think it 
 meet to purchase an annuity for your greater comfort; 
 if you chuse that — do it in God's name — 
 
 " — The pictures of the Mountebank and his Macaroni 
 — is in a Lady's hands, who upon seeing 'em most 
 cavaliery declared she would never part with them — and 
 from an excess of civility — or rather weakness I could 
 not summon up severity to demand them. 
 
 " — If I dye, her Name, &c., is inclosed in a billet seal'd 
 up and given with this — and then you must demand 
 them — If refused — you have nothing to do but send a 
 2d. message importing — 'tis not for her Interest to keep 
 them. 
 
 "Laurence Sterne. 
 
 " Memorandums left by Mr. Sterne in 
 Mrs. Montagu's hands before he 
 left England." 
 
 Two teardrops are on this paper, which indicate 
 Sterne's emotional temperament. 
 
 And now, patient reader, I, the Editress of this 
 literary mosaic of my great-great-aunt's letters and 
 those of her friends, take leave of you. If life and 
 eyesight are vouchsafed to me, I hope to write the 
 

 Walker & CackcrelXpli.a 
 
i76i.] FINIS. 273 
 
 remainder of her life some day, for she lived till 1800. 
 Each year added to her enormous circle of clever 
 acquaintance, British and foreign. The letters of Gar- 
 rick and his wife, later ones of Sterne and Dr. Johnson, 
 Mrs. Vesey, Edmund Burke, Hannah More, and a host 
 of other notabilities, belong to a different period. As it 
 is, the compilation of this work has occupied me five 
 years. One whole winter was devoted to arranging the 
 correspondence in chronological order, as very few of 
 the letters are dated. 
 
 VOL. II. 
 
APPENDICES. 
 
 "LONG" SIR THOMAS ROBINSON. 
 
 Sir Thomas was the eldest of the seven sons of William Robinson, 
 of Rokeby, Yorkshire, by his wife, n'ee Anne Walters. He was 
 born and baptized at Rokeby in 1700. After his school-days 
 he made the grand tour, as was the fashion of the day, and then 
 entered the Army. At the death of his father in 17 19, he succeeded 
 to the family estates in Yorkshire. At the General Election of 1727 
 he became M. P. for Morpeth. On October 25, 1728, he was married 
 at Belfreys, in Yorkshire, to Elizabeth, widow of Nicholas, Lord 
 Lechmere, and daughter of Charles Howard, 3rd Earl of Carlisle. 
 Between the years 1725 and 1730 he rebuilt the house at Rokeby, 
 removed the church which stood behind the house and rebuilt it 
 in another spot, he added a stone wall all round the park, made a 
 bridge over the Greta river, and erected an obelisk to his mother's 
 memory in 1730. All these acts were recorded on two stone piers 
 at the Greta entrance of the park. He planted many trees at Rokeby. 
 He designed the west wing of Castle Howard for his brother-in-law. 
 Lord CarUsle. In 1731 he was made a Baronet of England, with 
 remainder to his brothers. His nickname of " Long " Sir Thomas 
 Robinson was given to him from his great height, and to distinguish 
 him from another Sir Thomas Robinson, a diplomat of note, after- 
 wards created Lord Grantham. These two men were the reverse of 
 each other in appearance, " Long " Sir Thomas being exceptionally 
 tall, and the other very short and fat. One of Lady Townshend's 
 bon mots about the two was, " Why one should be preferred to the 
 other I can't imagine, there is but little difference, the one is as 
 broad as the other is long ; " and Lord Chesterfield, on being told 
 " Long " Sir Thomas was reported to be " dying by inches," said, 
 then it would be some time before he was dead. On April 10, 
 1739, his wife, to whom he was tenderly attached, died at Bath, and 
 
276 APPENDICES 
 
 was taken to Rokeby and buried under the new church he had 
 erected. A monument was erected to her there. In accordance 
 with Sir Thomas's will, though he himself was buried at Merton 
 Abbey, Surrey, a cenotaph was placed in Poets' Corner, Westminster 
 Abbey, to his and his wife's memory, with medallion portraits of her 
 and himself, and bearing the following inscription : — " To perpetuate 
 his grateful sense of the pleasure he had in the conversation of an 
 accomplished woman, a sincere friend, and an agreeable companion." 
 They had no children, so the English baronetcy went to his next 
 brother, William. 
 
 Sir Thomas was greatly given to hospitality ; too much so for his 
 income. On October 22, 1741, he gave a great ball, as Horace 
 Walpole relates, " to a little girl of the Duke of Richmond's ; there 
 are already 200 invited, from miss in a bib and apron to my Lord 
 Chancellor in bib and mace." The ball began at 8 p.m., and ended 
 at 4 a.m. A few days after Horace Walpole writes, " There were a 
 197 persons at Sir Thomas's, and yet it was so well conducted that 
 nobody felt a crowd. He had taken off all his doors, and so separated 
 the old and the young that neither were inconvenienced by the other. 
 The ball began at 8 ; each man danced one minuet with his partner, 
 and then began country dances. There were four-and-twenty couple, 
 divided into twelve and twelve ; each set danced two dances, and 
 theh retired into another room, while the other set took their two, 
 and so alternately. . . . We danced till 4, then had tea and coffee 
 and came home." A month later he writes about a second ball. 
 What with his numerous entertainments and his building at Rokeby 
 and elsewhere, he became impoverished, and accepted the Governor- 
 ship of Barbadoes in January, 1742, from which he was recalled in 
 1747. In Barbadoes he married his second wife, a widow named 
 Salmon, nk Booth. She had a considerable fortune, but on her 
 husband's return to England, she refused to accompany him, pre- 
 ferring Barbadoes. Sir Thomas was intimate with Lord Chesterfield, 
 who made an epigram on him, beginning — 
 
 " Unlike my subject will I make my song. 
 It shall be witty, and it shan't be long." 
 
 He must have been a bore, for Sir John Hawkins says of him, " Sir 
 Thomas Robinson was a man of the world, or rather of the town, and 
 a great pest to persons of high rank or in office. He was very 
 troublesome to the Earl of Burlington, and when in his visits to him 
 he was told his lordship had gone out, would desire to be admitted 
 to look at a clock, or play with a monkey that was kept in the hall. 
 
APPENDICES. 277 
 
 in hopes of being sent for to the Earl. This he had so frequently 
 done that all the household were tired of him. At length it was con- 
 certed amongst the servants that he should receive a summary answer 
 to his usual questions; and accordingly, at his next coming the 
 porter, as soon as he had opened the gate, and without waiting for 
 what he had to say, dismissed him with these words, ' Sir, his lord- 
 ship is gone out, the clock stands, and the monkey is dead ! ' " The 
 Duchess of Portland used to name him to Mrs. Montagu as " your 
 inimitable cousin ! " 
 
 Appearing in Paris one day at a dinner in his hunting suit of 
 green and gold, and booted and spurred, a French abbd asked who 
 he was, and, on being told his name, and looking at his attire, inquired 
 if he was Robinson Crusoe. His house at Whitehall he sold to Lord 
 Lincoln, and he afterwards lived at Prospect Place, Chelsea. He 
 bought the gardens once belonging to Lord Ranelagh, and, with 
 other shareholders, erected the Rotunda in 1741-42. This place of 
 amusement lasted for quite forty years ; the site of it is in the gardens 
 of Chelsea Hospital. 
 
 At the Coronation of George III. Sir Thomas, probably from 
 his great height and majestic presence, was chosen to represent the 
 mock Duke of Normandy and Acquitaine, the kings of England still 
 pretending to own those provinces. 
 
 In 1769 he sold the estate of Rokeby, Yorks, to John Saurey 
 Morritt, the father of Sir Walter Scotf s friend. The Rokeby estate 
 had been in the possession of the Robinsons 160 years. On March 3, 
 1777, Sir Thomas Robinson died at his house in Prospect Place, 
 Chelsea, at the age of seventy-six. 
 
278 APPENDICES. 
 
 SANDLEFORD PRIORY, BERKS. 
 
 Sandleford Priory was founded for Austin Canons by Geoffrey, 
 4th Count of Perche, and his wife, Matilda of Saxony, grand-daughter 
 of Henry II. of England, and niece of King Richard Cceur de Lion, 
 and King John, before the year 1205. The town and manor of New- 
 bury, in Berkshire, were bestowed on the first Count of Perche, who 
 accompanied the Conqueror to England. The Priory was dedicated 
 to the Virgin Mary and St. John the Baptist. A dispute arising 
 between the Prior and Richard Beauchamp, Bishop of Salisbury and 
 Dean of Windsor about 1480, the religious forsook the house, and 
 King Edward IV. allowed the Priory to be annexed to the Chapel of 
 St. George's, Windsor. In the Ayscough Register, folio 50, will be 
 found an account of irregular and scandalous behaviour of the Prior 
 of that period, which probably was the cause of the disruption. The 
 Priory now formed a parcel of the properties of the Dean and Canons 
 of Windsor, and it is stated by the commissioners of Henry VIII. 
 {vide c. 3, Henry VIII.) to be worth £10 annually. 
 
 In the reign of James I. Sandleford was declared to be a separate 
 parish from Newbury, and not subject to tithes which had hitherto 
 been paid to the Rector of Newbury. After this a commutation was 
 made that the lessee of the house paid £i a year to the Rector of 
 Newbury, and for that sum had a pew in perpetuity. It is stated 
 that after this award the chapel of the Priory was allowed to fall into 
 decay. This chapel was separate from the house, and continued to 
 be so till 1781-2, when Mrs. Montagu employed Wyatt to build her 
 an octagonal drawing-room with ante-chambers, which united the 
 house and the chapel. Long previous to this it was used as a bed- 
 room or bedrooms, and in the Montagu manuscripts Hannah More 
 and others are described as sleeping in the chapel bedroom when the 
 rest of the house was occupied. At the beginning of the eighteenth 
 century the lessees of Sandleford were the Pitt Rivers of Strathfield- 
 saye, and they were succeeded by the Montagu family as early as 
 1730, or perhaps earlier. At any rate, at that date Mr. Edward 
 Montagu was resident there, and as his mother, nee Sarah Rogers, 
 lived with him (as is shown by a letter of 1733 which I possess), it is 
 
APPENDICES. 279 
 
 possible Mr. Charles Montagu had been lessee before his son. He 
 died in 1 72 1. At what period the chapel was dismantled I have no 
 record, but it may have been done by order of the Dean and Canons 
 of Windsor before their letting it as a residence. Elias Ashmole, the 
 great antiquarian, who died in 1692, describes the chapel as he saw 
 it, and says, " Upon the first ascent of steps towards the high altar 
 lyes a freestone tomb of a knight in mail, cross-legged, with a deep 
 shield on his left arm, and seeming to draw his sword, his feet resting 
 on a dragon. Written on the west wall is a Latin inscription." In a 
 paper belonging to my uncle, the last Baron Rokeby, it is stated 
 the inscription was " written on the north wall of the chapel, but 
 more anciently on the west wall." 
 This was the inscription ; — 
 
 " Lancea, crux, clavi 
 Spine, mors quam tolleravi, 
 Demonstrant qua vi 
 Miserorum Crimmia lavi 
 In Cruce sum prote qui peccas 
 Desine pro me desine, do Veniam 
 Die culpam, Corrige Vitam." 
 
 As to the monument, it has been stated to have been that of the 
 founder, Geoffrey, Count of Perche ; but as he died in France at the 
 siege of Acre, it is more likely to have been his son Thomas, Earl of 
 Perche, who died at the battle of Lincoln in 1217 ; or else it is quite 
 possible that it might be one of the Earls Marshal of Pembroke, as at 
 the death of Thomas, Earl de Perche, his uncle William, Bishop of 
 Chalons, seems to have claimed the property and sold it to WiUiam, 
 and Earl Marshal. Anyhow, not a trace of this monument is now 
 to be found. And it would be very interesting to ascertain if it was 
 removed to the Temple church, where the other Earls Marshal of 
 Pembroke are buried and a very similar monument exists ; but this 
 is only my surmise. Behind the chapel, when Mrs. Montagu made 
 her alterations in house and garden in 1780 to 1782 with the designs 
 of Wyatt and " Capability Browne," a number of skulls and bones 
 were found, and, with the characteristic irreverence of the eighteenth 
 century, were buried in what is now called " Monkey Lane," near 
 Newbury. The present library was originally the refectory. In 1836 
 Edward, 5th Baron Rokeby, parted with the lease of Sandleford to 
 Mr. William Chatteris, who eventually, in 1875, enfranchised the pro- 
 perty from the Dean and Canons of Windsor, and, dying a widower 
 and without issue, he left Sandleford to his second wife's nephew 
 
28o APPENDICES. 
 
 Mr. Alpin Macgregor. Mrs. Chatteris was the second daughter of 
 Admiral Sir Thomas Hardy, the friend of Nelson. Mrs. Myers, who 
 has a lease of Sandleford now, will not use the chapel as a dining- 
 room. Hannah More, writing in 1784, whilst staying at Sandleford, 
 says, " There is an irregular beauty and greatness in the new build- 
 ings, and in the cathedral aisles which open to the great Gothic 
 window (alluding to the east end of the chapel, still all glass), which 
 is exceedingly agreeable to the imagination. It is solemn without 
 being sad, and Gothic without being gloomy." 
 
APPENDICES. 281 
 
 DENTON HALL, NEAR NEWCASTLE-ON- 
 TYNE, NORTHUMBERLAND. 
 
 The history of Denton Hall dates from the ancient Britons, and a 
 burial-place of theirs, with an urn and bones, was found near the 
 Roman wall within a quarter of a mile from the hall. It subse- 
 quently became the site of a Roman camp, which was occupied by a 
 garrison of Hadrian's soldiers, and a wall was built to keep out the 
 Picts and Scots. Of the Roman relics there still exist an altar dedi- 
 cated to Jupiter, and several carved stones, and in Mrs. Montagu's 
 time many Roman coins and objects were discovered. In No. 7, 
 Vol. 2, of the Proceedings of Antiquaries of Newcastle-on-Tyne, 
 1885, Mr. W. Aubone Hoyle, then living with his brother at the 
 hall, writes, " A little to the south-west stood a chapel, of which a 
 baptismal font remains and a few sculptured stones ; adjoining these 
 was a burial-ground, which is now included in the garden. An 
 incised slab, with a memorial cross and sword, was found here some 
 years ago, as well as some large stone coffins ; and a cist of ancient 
 British times, containing a funeral urn. The chapel was removed 
 shortly after the Reformation. The earliest record we have of the 
 occupants is of a family of the name of Denton, in the tenth century, 
 who continued to hold lands here and in the neighbourhood, and 
 also at Newcastle." 
 
 The Widdringtons seem to have succeeded the Dentons, and 
 Mr. Hoyle continues, "The manor of Denton, saving these rents 
 paid to the Widdringtons, had been, in 1380, granted to the Prior 
 and Convent of Tynemouth, and was used by them as a country 
 residence or grange. Tradition relates that they had an underground 
 passage leading from Denton to their residence at Benwell Tower. 
 The present building was probably erected by them at the beginning 
 of the sixteenth century — 1503 being the date of erection. The 
 Roman wall Girting its grounds appears to have supplied the 
 materials, as most of the stones are of the Roman type. The roof 
 was formed of flags fastened with pins made of sheep bones. These 
 have gradually been done away with until only a few courses remain, 
 
282 APPENDICES. 
 
 and the flags have been replaced by tiles. At the Dissolution in 
 1539, the Widdringtons lost their interest in Denton, and the Erring- 
 tons appear." 
 
 The Erringtons being Jacobites, Mr. Hoyle continues, "Their 
 loyalty to the Stuarts cost them their estates, which now passed 
 to a family of Rogers, related to the Earl of Sandwich." As has 
 been shown in this book, Mr. Edward Montagu, at the death of 
 his cousin, Mr. Rogers, became owner, to quote his wife's words, 
 " of Denton ; Mr. Montagu has half the estate by descent, a share by 
 testamentary disposition, and a part by purchase." At the death of 
 Mrs. Montagu in 1800, the estate passed into the possession of her 
 nephew and adopted son, Matthew Montagu, afterwards 4th Baron 
 Rokeby, who let the hall to Mr. Richard Hoyle, and his descendants 
 occupied the house till 1889. Henry, 6th Baron Rokeby, dying in 
 1883, left the estate of Denton to his grandson, Lord Henry Paulet, 
 now 1 6th Marquis of Winchester, who in 1886 sold the whole 
 estate. The hall was bought by Mr. John Henderson, of Allen- 
 dale, who resold it to Mr. WiUiam Andrew FAnson, the present 
 owner. The Denton ghost, called " Old Silky " by the miners, one 
 of the most authentic on record, is a beneficent spirit, for she is said 
 on various occasions to have warned the miners against coal-damp. 
 A song about her is still sung, I am told, in Newcastle, but hitherto I 
 have failed to obtain it, or to discover who " Silky " was. A further 
 account of her can be read in Ingram's " Haunted Homes," under 
 ' Denton Hall." 
 
INDEX, 
 
 The figures in italics refer to the notes only. 
 
 Abbas, Shah, ii. 99 
 Abel, ii. 245 
 
 Achatd, Mr., tutor, afterwards secre- 
 tary to Duke of Portland, i. 44, 48, 
 61, 90, 158, 185 
 Adam, ii. 245 
 Adventurer, the, ii. 25 
 Advertiser, the, ii. 123 
 .(Esop's Fables, i. 73 
 Aix-la-Chapelle, Peace of, i. 259 
 Albemarle, George Keppel, isth Earl 
 
 of, ii. 220 
 Albemarle, Lady, ii. 259 
 Aldworth, Richard Neville, ii. 250 
 Alexander, William, ii. 98,108 
 Alexander, Mrs. W. {nie Monsey), ii. 
 
 98 
 Allen, Lady, i. 267, 268 ; ii. 121 
 Allison, A., ». 179 
 Alnwick Castle, ii. 166 
 Alstone, Mr. and Mrs., i. 286 
 Ameen, Joseph. See Emin, Joseph 
 Amelia, Princess (daughter of George 
 
 II.), ii. 152, 213, 214 
 Amesbury, i. 249 
 
 Amherst, General, ii. ISi, 140, 154 
 Amyand, Mr., i. 167 ; ii. 163 
 Ancaster, Duchess of, ii. 252 
 Ancaster, Peregrine, 3rd Duke of, i. 
 
 279 
 Ancram, Lady, i. 269 
 Andover, Mary, Lady (Mrs. Botham's 
 intimate friend and patroness), i. 
 
 55. 95, 102. I IS. 144. 194; "• 19; 
 
 her letters to Mrs. Montagu, i. 230, 
 
 231 
 Andover, William, Lord, i. 55, 144, 
 
 224, 230 
 Anne, Queen, i. 245 
 Anson, Admiral Lord, i. 107, 268; 
 
 ii. 89, 154; captures a Spanish 
 
 treasure-ship, i. 186 ; A Voyage 
 round the World, i. 259 
 Anson, Lady, i. 268, 269 ; ii. 142 
 Anstey, Christopher, New Bath Guide, 
 
 i. 19, 25Q ; ii. 87 
 Anstey, Miss, i. 256, 259, 270, 275 ; 
 ii. 54, 56, 70, 82 ; works a panel 
 of Mrs. Montagu's feather screen, i. 
 268 ; her death, ii. 87 ; letters from 
 Mrs. Montagu to, i. 19, 281 ; ii. 18, 
 77 ; her letters to Mrs. Montagu, 
 ii. 23 
 
 Apreece, Mr. and Mrs., i. 286 
 
 Archdeacon, Dominick, ii. 129 
 
 Archdeacon, Mrs. D. (Mary Creagh), 
 ii. 129 
 
 Archdeacon, William, ii. 160 
 
 Arezzo, Collection of, ii. 15 
 
 Argyll, John, 2nd Duke of, and Duke 
 of Greenwich, i. 117 ; ii. 38, 233 
 
 Argyll, Duchess of (Elizabeth Gun- 
 ning), i. 270, 287, 288 
 
 Argyll, Archibald Campbell, 3rd Duke 
 of, ii. 165, 167, 19s 
 
 Argyll, John, Jth Duke of, i. S/TO 
 
 Arran, Earl of, ii. 155 
 
 Arran, Elizabeth, Countess of, ii. 155 
 
 Ascham, Miss, i. 286 
 
 Ashe, Miss, called by Walpole, the 
 " Pollard Ashe," i. 287, 288 
 
 Askew, Dr., ii. 128, 144 
 
 Athole, Duncan de Atholia, Earl of, 
 i. I 
 
 Athole, John Murray, 3rd Duke of, 
 ii. 168 
 
 Atkinson, Mr., farm bailiff at Sandle- 
 ford, i. 145 ; ii. 147 
 
 Atterbury, Bishop, i. 194 
 
 Audley, Dr., i. 129 
 
 Audley, Mr. (Hinchinbroke House), i. 
 270 
 
 Augusta, Princess (daughter of George 
 II.), i. S3 
 
284 
 
 INDEX. 
 
 Austin, Sir Robert, i. 27 
 Austria, Emperor of, ii. 146 
 Aveiro, Duke of, ii. 180 
 Aylesbury, Lord, i. 233 
 Aylesford, Countess of, i. 269 
 Aylesford, Heneage, ist Earl of, 2. 39 
 Aylesford, Heneage, 2nd Earl of, i. 
 
 41, 55, 144 ; ii. 19, 55 
 Aylmer, Lord, ii. 15 
 Ayscough, D.D., Rev. Francis, ii. 40, 
 
 63 
 
 Ayscough, Mrs. [n^e Lyttelton), li. 63 
 
 B 
 
 Baden, Prince of, i. 286 
 
 Bagshot Heath, ii. 74 
 
 Balchen, Admiral Sir John, ii. 92 
 
 Balmerino, Lord, i. 231 
 
 Baltimore, Lord, ii. 70 
 
 Banbury, Charles KnoUys, 3rd Earl of, 
 i. 22 
 
 Banks, Miss, ii. 45 
 
 Barbarini, i, 92 
 
 Bareil, M. de, it. 158 
 
 Barrington, Dowager Lady, i. 269 
 
 Barrington, 2nd Viscount, ii. 185 
 
 Barrow, Rev. Dr. Isaac, Master of 
 Trinity College, Cambridge, ii. 91 
 
 Barrows, Mrs., i. 241 
 
 Barry, Spranger, Irish actor, i. 279 
 
 £as bleus, the, ii. 98 ; and shells, ii. 
 268 
 
 Basildon, Lady Fane's grottoes at, 
 i. 24s 
 
 Bateman, Lord, 11. 95 
 
 Bateman, Richard, ii. 192 
 
 Bath, i. 36-41, 254 ; " Coffee House" 
 at, i. 255 
 
 Bath, William Pulteney, 1st Earl of, 
 i. 102 ; ii. 11, 29, 47, 14S. ISS. 185, 
 193, 204, 219, 223, 225, 241, 246, 
 250, 252, 262, 267 ; his wife's death, 
 ii. 152 ; Zeiter to Two Great Men, 
 ii. 178 ; " Patriot and Philosopher," 
 ii. 179 ; his character, ii. 189, 247 ; 
 " is fall'n desperately in love with 
 Mrs. Montagu," ii. 200, 201, 212 ; 
 on green tea and snuff, ii. 207 ; and 
 Mrs. Carter, ii. 235, 236 ; on Mrs. 
 Montagu's Dialogues of the Dead, 
 ii. 237 ; Reynolds' portrait of, ii. 258, 
 268, 269 ; letters from Mrs, Montagu 
 to, ii. 220, 222, 233 ; his letters to 
 Mrs. Montagu, ii. 222, 224, 226, 
 233. 237. 263, 268, 269 
 
 Bath, Countess of (Anna Maria 
 Gumley ), a ' ' screw," ii. 29 ; death 
 of, ii. 152, 189 
 
 Bath, Thomas, ist Marquis of, i. 17 
 Bath, Elizabeth, Marchioness of (nee 
 
 Bentinck), i. 17 
 Bathing tubs, i. 89 
 Bathurst, Lady Selina, i. 139 
 Bathurst, Lord, i. 280 
 Bathurst, Mr.| (Lady Selina's son), i. 
 
 167 
 Bayham Abbey, ii. 250 
 Beau, description of a, i. 133 
 Beauchamp, Richard, Bishop of Salis- 
 bury, i. 151 
 Beauclerc, Lord Aubrey, i. 80 
 Beauclerc, Lord Harry, ii. 228 
 Beauclerk, Lord and Lady Vere, i. 
 
 269 
 Beaufort, Cardinal, i. 247 
 Beaufort, 4th Duke of, i. 39, 41, 42 
 Beaulieu, i. 248 
 Beaulieu, Edward Hussey, Earl of, i. 
 
 201 
 Beauties of England and Wales, ii. li 
 Beckford, Alderman, ii. 127, 128, 153, 
 
 220 
 Bede, Venerable, History\of the British 
 
 Nation, etc., ii. 138 
 Bedford, Duchess of, i. 63, 269 
 Bedford, John, 4th Duke of, i. 63, 216, 
 
 218, 219, 248, 266 
 Bejot, Monsieur, ii. 257 
 Bell and Sons, George, publishers, ii. 
 
 174 
 Bellardine, Harry, Governor of Hurst 
 
 Castle, i. 248 
 Bellegarde, Marquis de, i. 286 
 Belle-Isle, Due de, French Marshal, i. 
 
 197 
 Benson, Dr., Bishop of Gloucester, i. 
 
 234 
 Bentinck, Lord Edward Charles, i. 
 
 178 
 Bentinck, Lady Elizabeth (afterwards 
 
 Marchioness of Bath), i. 17, 150 
 Bentinck, Lady Frances, i. 69, 100, 
 
 146 
 Bentinck, Lord George, i. 46, 48, 98 
 Bentinck, Lady Harriet, ii. 197 
 Bentinck, Lady Isabella, i. 23 
 Bentinck, Lady Margaret, i. 33 
 Bentley, Richard, ii. 23, 24 
 Berenger, Moses, i. 284 
 Berenger, R., "the little Marquis," 
 
 History and Art of Horsemanship, i. 
 
 283, 284 ; ii. I, 24, 226 
 Berenice, ii. 238 
 Berkeley, Elizabeth (afterwards Lady 
 
 Noel Somerset), i. 42 
 Berkeley, George, Bishop of Cloyne, ii. 
 
 IS. 25, 26 
 Berkeley, Mrs. George, ii. 25, 26 
 
INDEX. 
 
 285 
 
 Berkeley, James Symes, of Stoke 
 
 Gifford, «". 42 
 Berkeley, Lord, i. 167 ; ii. 95 
 Berkshire, 4th Earl of, i. 39, 41, 224 
 Berkshire, Lady (Catherine Giahame), 
 
 i. 39, 66, 224 
 Berkshire, Tom, 6th Earl of, i. 39 
 Bernard, Dr., head master of Eton, ii. 
 
 ISO 
 Best, Mrs. T. (Caroline Scott), i. 86, 
 
 103, 121, 184 
 Best, Thomas, i. 121, 184; ii. 50 
 Bevem, Prince of, ii. 114 
 Bevis Mount, Lord Peterbrough's 
 
 place, i. 22 
 Bewdley, Sir George, ii. 78 
 Biographia Britannica, ii. 18 
 Birch, Rev. 'Yh.oxaas, Life of Archlishop 
 
 Tillotson, ii. 20 
 Blackett, Sir Walter, ii. 138, 201, 202 
 Bland, Military Discipline, ii. 100 
 Blooding, panacea of, i. 33, 83, 98, 
 
 100, 13s 
 " Blue Stockings," first allusion to, ii. 
 
 98 
 Boccacio, Decameron, i. 61 
 Boileau, Nicholas Despreaux, i. 154, 282 
 Bolingbroke, Lady, ii. 116 
 Bolingbroke, Lord, i. 89, 280 ; Dis- 
 sertations upon Partys, i. 176 ; The 
 Idea of n Patriot King, i. 265 ; An 
 Occasional Letter, i. 281; "that 
 foul fiend," ii. 61 ; his "pompous 
 Rhetorical and inconsistent Declama- 
 tions," ii. 63 ; his marriage, ii. 
 116 ; Voltaire v., ii. 163 
 Bolton, Duchess of (Lavinia Fenton, 
 
 alias " Polly Peacham "), ii. 37 
 Bolton, 3rd Duke of, i. 248 ; ii. 37 
 Bonus, Mr., picture cleaner, ii. 172 
 Boscawen, Admiral the Hon. Edward, 
 i. 277 ; ii. 8i, 83, 84, 123, 151, 155, 
 156, 170, 190 ; captures two French 
 men-of-war, ii. 74 ; blockades Louis- 
 burg, ii. 76 ; the Martinico ships, ii. 
 90; recalled, ii. iii, 116; Mrs. 
 Montagu's opinion of, ii. 118; re- 
 ceives a fresh commission, ii. 118, 
 121 ; "had saved North America," 
 ii. 134 ; captures Louisburg, ii. 140 ; 
 the thanks of Parliament, ii. 154; 
 defeats French off Cape Lagos, ii. 
 167 ; his illness and death, ii. 228-230 ; 
 his letter to Mrs. Montagu, ii. 95 
 Boscawen, Mrs. Edward (Frances 
 Glanville), i. 277 ; ii. 69, 74, 8l, 83, 
 170, 196, 217, 229, 230, 242, 247, 
 257 ; Mrs. Montagu's letters to, i. 
 278 ; ii. 20, 40, 52, 70, 88, 118 ; her 
 letter to Mrs. Montagu, ii. 133 
 
 Boswell's Zj/i ^5^/««x<i«, ii. 161, 174 
 Boteler, Sir Philip, ii. 227 
 Botham, Rev. John, i. 55, 265, 278 ; 
 ii- 43> 46, 73. 88, 129, 241, 259 ; a 
 legacy, i. 84; his "sermonical 
 lullaby," i. 96 ; rector of Yoxall, 
 Staff., and chaplain to Lord Ayles- 
 ford, i. 144 ; wishes for a King's 
 chaplaincy, i. 180, 181 ; the Albuiy 
 living, i. 230 ; "such a Johnny," i. 
 231 ; farming his glebe, i. 235 ; his 
 appeal for further preferment, ii. 2, 
 3 ; inoculation of his children, ii. 17 ; 
 his wife's last illness and death, ii. 
 26-29 ; * school-girls' bill, ii. 48 ; in 
 the North with Edward Montagu, ii. 
 S>. S3; appointed to Ealing, ii. 54, 
 55, 58 ; his letter to Mrs. Montagu, 
 ii. 76 
 Botham, Mrs. John (Lydia Lumley), i. 
 3. 55; 9S. >43) 152. '94. 224, 265, 
 268 ; ii. 4 ; an opportune legacy, i. 
 84; her character, i. 180, 181; ex- 
 cessive melancholy of, i. 230 ; Mrs. 
 Montagu's advice, i. 233 ; curious 
 remedies, i. 235 ; her state of health, 
 ii. II, 19, 20; her five children 
 inoculated, ii. 16 ; illness and death 
 of, ii. 26-29 ; 'isr letters to Mrs. 
 Montagu, i. 84, 228 
 Botham, Miss, ii. 2g, 33, 37, 46, 185 
 Botham, Miss Kitty, ii. 47, 48 
 Botham, Miss Molly, ii. 47, 48 
 Bower, Archibald ( History of the 
 Popes),n. II, IS, 16, 19, 35, 42, 70, 
 72, 90, 178 ; his letters to Mrs. 
 Montagu, ii. 50, 81, 94 
 Bower, Mrs. A., ii. 16 
 Bowes, George, of Streatlam Castle, 
 and Gibside, Durham, i. 234, 290 ; 
 ii. 36, 138, 201, 203 
 Braganza, Catherine, wife of Charles 
 
 II., i. Ill 
 Braganza, Duke of, ii. 158 
 Branson, Mr., i. 241 
 Braybrooke, Lord, ii. 250 
 Breadalbane, Lord, ii. 165, 168 
 Bridport, 1st Viscount, i. 378 ; ii. 135 
 Bridport, Maria, Viscountess {n^e 
 West), i. 278 ; ii. 10, 22, 30, 32, 40, 
 
 57,86,87, 92, IIS, 13s 
 
 Bridgewater, Dowager Duchess of, ii. 
 
 95. 191 
 
 Bridgewater, Scroop, 1st Duke of, u. 
 191 
 
 Bristol, George William, 2nd Earl of, 
 i. 234 ; ii. 266 
 
 Bristol, Viscount, i. 265 
 
 Britbh Museum, established at Mon- 
 tagu House, Harleian MSS. in, i, 8, 
 
286 
 
 INDEX. 
 
 83; ii. 243; Cottonian MSS. in, ii. 
 
 243 
 Broadley's Bath Collection, i. 855 
 Biocchi, Carlo '(Farinelli), i. 16 
 Brockman, James, of Beachborough, i. 
 
 15, 76, 108, 225, ; ii. 13, 15 
 Brockman, Miss, i. 147 
 Bromedge, Mr., i. 294 
 Brown, Lieut.-General George, i. 222 ; 
 
 ii. 142 
 Brown, D.D., John, Essays on Lord 
 
 Shaftesbury s Characteristics, ii. 18 
 Bruce, Lord, i. 250 
 "Brusher" Mills, the New Forest 
 
 snake-catcher, ii. 151 
 Brydges, Sir Egerton, Biography, ii. 
 
 93 
 
 Brydges, Mary, Lady {nie Robinson), 
 
 ii. 93 
 Buchan, Earl of, i. 33 
 Buckley, Mr., i. 125, 202, 234 
 BuUstrode, i. 13, 49 
 Bunyan, John, PilgrinCs Progress, i. 
 
 73 
 Burgess, Dr., li. 77 
 Burgundy, Louis, Duke of, the 
 
 Dauphin, i. 291, 295 
 Burlington, Richard, 3rd Earl of, i. 
 
 191 ; ii. 14s 
 Burlington, Lady, ii. 145, 146 
 Burke, Edmund, ii. 100, loi, lo8, 144 ; 
 
 Vindication of Natural Society, ii. 
 
 155 ; Sublime and Beautiful,\\. 159 ; 
 
 Lady Bab Montagu and, ii. 163 ; 
 
 and the Madrid Consulship, ii. 170 ; 
 
 his letters to Mrs. Montagu, ii. 169, 
 
 173 
 
 Burke, Mrs. (>*/.? Nugent), ii. 171 
 
 Burnet, Bishop, History of the Refor- 
 mation, i. loi 
 
 Bute, John Stuart, 3rd Earl of, i. 237 ; 
 ii. 84, 97, 214, 226 
 
 Bute, Mary, Countess of (nle Mon- 
 tagu), i. SI, 237, 244; ii. 44, 197, 
 Zli, 217, 252 
 
 Butler, Lady Emily, 'i. 15s 
 
 Byng, Admiral John, ii. 88-93, 97i 
 102 
 
 Cadaval, Due de, ii. ISO 
 
 Cadogan, Lord, ii. 83 
 
 Caffarelli, Gaetano Majoriano, Italian 
 
 singer, i. 27 
 Cain, ii. 245 
 
 Caledon, 1st Earl of, ii. 98, 108 
 Calves Pluck water, ii. 163 
 Cambridge, Richard Owen, ii. 263 ; 
 
 Scribbleriad, ii. 54, 61 
 
 Cambridge University, i. 256, 257 
 Camden, Pratt, ist Earl, Lord Chan- 
 cellor, and Lord President of the 
 Council, ii. 217 
 Camelford, Thomas Pitt, Junr., 1st 
 
 Lord, ii. 150, 153 
 Campbell, General, i. 267 
 Campion, Pitt's chef, ii. 64 
 Canning, Elizabeth, ii. 53 
 Canterbury Cathedral, ii. 12, 14 
 Canterbury Races, i. 9, 17, 31 
 Cape Lagos, naval battle of, ii. 167 
 Cardigan, Lady, i. 267 ; ii. 217, 218 
 Carlisle, Bishop of, ii. 96 
 Carlisle, 7th Earl of, i. 104, 209 
 Carlisle, surrendered to the rebels, i. 218 
 Carnarvon, 6th Earl of, ii. 38 
 Caroline, Princess, wife of Christian 
 
 VII. of Denmark, i. 256 
 Caroline, Queen, i. 255 
 Carr, Lord Robert, i. 167 
 Carte, Rev. Thomas, History, i. 194 
 Carter, Edward, agent to Lord Ayles- 
 bury, afterwards to Edward Montagu, 
 i. 130, 139, 233, 234, 289, 291 ; ii. 
 
 51 
 Carter, Hannah, Memoirs of her Life, 
 
 ii. 189 
 Carter, Miss, ii. 29, 33, 37, 38, 46, 51, 
 
 52 
 Carter, Mr., "Old Trusty," Edward 
 
 Montagu's steward and agent, i. 
 
 107, 118, 141-143, 147, 166, 182, 
 
 184 ; death of, i. 233 
 Carter, Mrs. (wife of above), ii. 51 
 Carter, Mrs. Elizabeth, the Greek 
 
 scholar, i. iii ; ii. 235, 236, 246, 248, 
 
 250, 251, 255, 256 ; an edition of her 
 
 Works, ii. 267 ; Mrs. Montagu's 
 
 letters to, ii. 130, 138, 159, 160, 
 
 162, 163, 182, 183, 207, 241, 244, 
 
 257, 259, 266, 267, 269 
 Carter, D.D., Rev. Nicholas, ii. 130. 
 Carter, William, i. 130, 182 
 Carteret, John, ' 2nd Baron (afterwards 
 
 Earl Granville), Secretary of State, 
 
 i. 102, 13s, 179, 187 
 Carteret, Lady (Lady Sophie Fermor), 
 
 i. 179, 181 
 Carteret, Lady Sophia, ii. 261 
 Carthagena, naval battle of, i. 79 
 Cathcart, 9th Lord, ii. loi, 168 
 Catherine of Braganza, wife of Charles 
 
 II., i. Ill 
 Cattle disease, i. 196, 219 
 Cesar, Miss, i. 46 
 Chalmers, Anne (Mrs. James Gregory), 
 
 i. 179 
 Chalmers, Dr., of Ripon, i. 213 
 Chandler, Mrs., i. 265 
 
INDEX. 
 
 287 
 
 Chandos, isl Duke of (the " Princely 
 
 Duke "), i. 273 
 Chandos, 2nd Duke of, ii. 22, 23 
 Chandos, 3rd Duke of, ii, 22 
 Chandos, Duchess of (fUe Wells), 
 
 formerly Mrs. Jefferies, ii. 22, 23 
 Chandos, Dowager Duchess of {nie 
 
 Van Hatten), i. 281 ; her letters to 
 
 Mrs. Montagu, i. 273, 274 
 Chapone, Mrs. (Hester Mulso), Letters 
 
 on the Improvanent of the Mind, ii. 
 
 260 
 Charlemagne, i. 59 
 Charles II., i. SO, iii ; ii. 2JI 
 Charles XII. of Sweden, ii. 181 
 Charlotte, Queen, ii. 249, 251, 252, 
 
 258-260 
 Charters, Mr., ii. 166 
 Chateauneuf, Mdlle. de, i. 44 
 Chatham, Baroness of. See Pitt, Lady 
 
 Hester 
 Chatham, William Pitt, 1st Earl of. 
 
 See Pitt, William 
 Chaucer, Geofiirey, i. 155, 199 
 Chaucer, Thomas (son of above), i. 198 
 Cheer, Mr., ii. 42 
 Chenevix, Mrs., her famous bric-h-brae 
 
 shop, i. 187, 294 
 Chesilden, Dr. William, i. 196 ; ii. 4 
 Chester, Mrs., ii. 42 
 Chesterfield, Philip Dormer Stanhope, 
 
 4th Earl of (letters), i. 198, 238, 253, 
 
 262; ii. 87, 113, 121, 181, 207, 223 
 Chinese rooms, Mrs. Montagu's, ii. 8 
 Christian VII. of Denmark, i. 256 
 Chudleigh, Miss, maid-of-honour (after- 
 wards Duchess of Kingston), i. 265 
 Churchill, Arabella, i. 156 
 Churchill, General Charles, commonly 
 
 called "old Charles Churchill," i. 
 
 156 
 Cibber, CoUey (Apology for his Life), 
 
 i. 91, 200, 242 
 Cibber, Theophilus, i. 242 
 Cibber, Mrs. Theophilus (Anna Maria 
 
 Ame), i. 242 ; as "Cordelia," i. 253 
 Cistercians, i. 848 
 Clare, Earls of, i. 804 
 Clarendon, Lord, History of the Re- 
 bellion, ii. 157 
 Clarke, D.D., Samuel, i. 61 ; ii. 62 
 Clarke, William, of Merivale Abbey, 
 
 i. 2 
 Clarke, Dr. W., i. 88, 91 
 Clavering, Sir James, i. 144, 147 
 Clavering, Sir Thomas, i. 290 ; ii. 37, 
 
 138, 139. 202. 203. 223i 228 
 Clayton, Robert, Bishop of Killala, 
 
 afterwards of Clogher, i. 85 ; ii. 21, 
 
 124, 16B 
 
 Clayton, Mrs. Robert, i. 25, 85, 93, 
 
 129 ; ii. 27, 163, 164 
 Clayton, Sir William, ii. 163 
 Clegg, Jenny, i. 139 
 Cleopatra, ii. 238 
 Cleveland, Mr., ii. 134 
 Clifton, Sir Robert, ii. 135 
 Cobham, Viscount, ii. 60 
 Cobham, Sir Richard Temple, Baron, 
 
 i. 102, 189 
 Cobham, Lady, ii. I, 41, 71, 77, 86 
 Cock, Sarah (Mrs. John Rogers), i. 
 
 Ill 
 Cocoa Tree Coffee-house, ii. 217 
 Coke, Lady Mary, ii. 38 
 Coke, Lord, ii. 38 ; on Lyttelton, ii. 
 
 226 
 " Cold Loaf" = a picnic, ii. 12 
 Colebrooke, Sir James, ii. 202 
 Collet, Sir James, i. 2 
 ColUngwood, Mrs., i. 48 
 Colman, the Elder, George, The Jealous 
 
 Wife, ii. 226. 
 Colman, Mrs. George {nie Gumley), 
 
 ii. 227 
 Concini, Signer, ii. 83 
 Coningsby, Earl of, ii. 115, 140, 141 
 Coningsby, Lady, ii. 247 
 Conway, Lord, i. 265 
 Conway, Miss Jenny, i. 265 
 Conway, General Seymour Henry, 
 
 ii. 114, 120, 156, 158 
 Cooke, Lord, i. 235 
 Cookham, ii. 41, 42 
 Coombe Bank, i. 267 
 Cope, Sir John, Commander-in-Chief 
 
 for Scotland, 1. 206, 210-212 
 Cornbury, Lord, i. loi, 104 
 Comwallis, Colonel, ii. 114. 
 Cotes, Dr., i. 95, 158, 160, 162 ; ii. 34 
 Cotes, Mrs., i. 95, 98, 163-166, 181, 
 
 224, 271 
 Cottington, Mr. and Mrs., i. 52 
 Cottonian MSS., ii. 243 
 Courayer, LL.D., Peter Francis le 
 ("the little Pere"), i. 124, 126, 154, 
 201, 232, 241-244, 247, 294; his 
 letter to Mrs. Montagu, i. 250 
 Courtenay, Lady, ii. 19 
 Courtenay, Sir William, afterwards 
 
 1st Viscount, ii. 19 
 Courteney, Mr., i. 240 
 Coventry, Countess of (Maria Gunning), 
 
 i. 270, 287, 288 ; ii. 172 
 Coventry, Earl of, i. 270 j ii. 18 
 Cowley, Abraham, ii. 244 
 Cowper, Henrietta, Countess, i. 19 ; 
 
 ii. 158 
 Cowper, William, 2nd Earl, i. 19 
 Cowper, William, poet, i. 268 
 
288 
 
 INDEX. 
 
 Cradock, William, i. 151 
 
 Cranwell, Mrs., i. 240 
 
 Cranworth, ist Baron, ii. 98 
 
 Craon, Princesse de, i. 284 
 
 Crashaw, Richard, poet, i. 283 
 
 Crawford, John, 17th Earl of, and 
 7th Earl of Lindsey, i. 41 
 
 Creagh, Mary (Mrs. D. Archdeacon), 
 ii. 129 
 
 Creed, Mr., ii. 50 
 
 Crewe, Lady (Dorothy Forster), i. 188 
 
 Crewe of Stene, Nathaniel, Baron, 
 i. 188, igo; ii. 155 
 
 Croker, John Wilson, BoswelVs Life of 
 Johnson, ii. 146, 147 
 
 Croker, Mr., Mrs. Donnellan's Six 
 Clerk and Manager, ii. 21 
 
 Cromartie, Lord, i. 232 
 
 Cromwell, Oliver, i. 270 
 
 Crosby, Mrs., Mrs. Montagu's house- 
 keeper, ii. 146, 147 
 
 Cruickshank, Dr., ii. 99 
 
 Culhani Court, Berks., ii. 105 
 
 CuUen, John, Edward Montagu's game- 
 keeper, i. 226 
 
 Cumberland, Duke of, acts as proxy 
 at Princess Mary's wedding, i. 53 ; 
 Septimus Robinson, Governor to, 
 177 ; his tutor. Dr. Robert Smith, 
 i. 200; Edward Montagu's wish, 
 i. 208 ; and young Wortley Montagu, 
 i. 238 ; dangerously ill, ii. 18 ; praises 
 Admiral Boscawen, ii. 74 ; and Emin, 
 ii. loi, 108; battle of Hastenbeck, 
 ii. 108-111 ; "is gone to plant 
 cabbages," ii. 119; passes through 
 the city, ii. 120 ; the gout, ii. 152 ; 
 will of George IL, ii. 212-214 
 
 Cumberland, Richard, dramatist, ii. 2 
 
 Cunningham, Captain, ii. 76 
 
 Cunninghame, Mr., ii. 134 
 
 Curll, Edmund, i. 38 
 
 Cutler, Sir John, ii. 202 
 
 D 
 
 Dale, Dorothy, afterwards Lady 
 
 Forbes, i. 179 
 D'Alembert, ii. 1 59 
 Dalrymple, Sir Hugh, ii. 166 
 D'Ancre, the Marechalle, ii. 83 
 D'Arcy, Sir Conyers, afterwards 6th 
 
 Earl of Holdernesse, i. 209, 293 ; ii. 6 
 Darlington, Lady, ii. 233 
 Darlington, Lord, ii. 202 
 Dartmouth, William, 2nd Earl of, 
 
 i. 331 
 Dashwood, Miss, the "Delia "of the 
 
 poet Hammond, i. 25, 42, 46, 103 ; 
 
 ii. 91 ; her letter to Mrs. Montagu, 
 
 i. 116 
 Dashwood, Sir Francis, afterwards 
 
 Lord Le Despi ncer, leader of the 
 
 Hell Fire Club, i. 27, 218 
 D'Aubignfe, Mdlle. (Madame de Main- 
 tenon), i. 3S 
 Davall, Sir Thomas, i. 273 
 Davis, Governor, ii. loi. 
 Davis, Sir Paul, i. 194 
 Dayrell, Mr. and Mrs., of Lillingston 
 
 Dayrell, ii. S7 
 Delany, Mrs. (formerly Mrs. Pen- 
 
 darves), Memoirs, i. 56,57, 153, 156, 
 
 170, 173, 187, 235, 293, 294; ii. 2, 
 
 S, 6, 21, 45, 123, 124. See also 
 
 Pendarves, Mrs. 
 Delany, Rev. Dr. Patrick, Dean of 
 
 Down, Bishop of Clogher, i. 153, 
 
 170, 173, 187, 293, 294; ii. 6, 21, 
 
 85, 208 ; the protracted lawsuit, 
 
 ii. 123, 124 
 Delaval, Anne (afterwards Mrs. John 
 
 Rogers), i. 145 
 Delaval, Sir John, ii. 129 
 Delawarr, Lord, i. 248 
 Delves, Lady, i. 17 
 Demoivre, Abraham, The Doctrine of 
 
 Chances, etc., ii. 67 
 Demosthenes, ii. 41 
 Denton Hall, near Newcastle-on- 
 
 Tyne, i. 289 ; ii. 137, 281, 282 
 Dering, Sir Edward, ii. 33, 252 
 Desbouveries, Miss, ii. 227 
 des Champs, Monsieur, ii. 186 
 Dettemere, Mrs., Mrs. Montagu's 
 
 lady's-maid, i. 183, 258, 259, 272 
 Dettingen, battle of, i. 154, 157 
 "Devil's Drops," i. 252 
 Devonshire, Duke of, i. 266 ; ii. 95 
 Devonshire, Georgiana, Duchess of, ii. 
 
 148 
 D'Ewes, John, i. 47 
 D'Ewes, Mrs. John (nie Granville), 
 
 "Pip,"i. 47, 56, 57, loi; ii. 5, 80 
 Dialogues of the Dead, by Lord Lyttel- 
 
 ton and Mrs. Montagu, ii, 181, 182, 
 
 200, 204, 207, 238 
 Dickens, Sergeant, i. 82 
 Dictionary of National Biography, i. 
 
 7, 97 ; ii. 15, 146, 189 
 Dido, Queen of Tyre, i. 64 
 Dingley, Colonel, ii. 100 
 Ditched, Mrs., ii. 84 
 Doddington, Mr., ii. 84 
 Dodsley, ii. 174 
 Dohna, Count, ii. 142 
 Domville, Mr., ii. 189 
 Donnellan, Rev. Christopher, i. 25, 
 
 41 ; ii. 2 
 
INDEX 
 
 289 
 
 Donnellan, Nehemiah, Lord Chief 
 Baron of the Exchequer, Ireland, i. 
 41 
 
 Donnellan, Mrs. Nehemiah (Martha 
 Usher), i. 41 
 
 Donnellan, " Mrs. " Anne, i. 25, 40, 
 41. 43. 52. 84, 124, 146, 197, 232, 
 240, 242-244, 252 ; ii. 2, 5, 13, 21, 
 20, 51, 183; her letters to Mrs. 
 Montagu, i. 44, 53, 58, 70, 80, 85, 
 92.93. 99. 102, 112, 128, 139, 161, 
 168, 169, 186, 187, 194. 253, 259, 
 293 ; 11. 6, 21, 45,80, 116, 120, 147 ; 
 Mrs. Montagu's letters to, i. 56, 68, 
 72, 86, 91, 92, 96, 139, 159, 160, 
 184, 248, 254-256, 281 
 
 Donnington Castle, i. 155, 198 
 
 Dorchester, Countess of (Lady Caro- 
 line Sackville), i. 53 
 
 Dorset, Duke of, i. 53; ii. 2 
 
 Dorset, Duchess of (Elizabeth Colyear), 
 i. 53 
 
 Douglas, Colonel, i. 80 
 
 D'Oyley, Christopher, ii. i$6 
 
 D'Oyley, Mrs. (Sarah Stanley), ii. l86 
 
 Drake, Councillor Robert, of Cam- 
 bridge, i. 4 
 
 Drake, Elizabeth (Mrs. Matthew 
 Robinson), i. 4 
 
 Drake, Mrs. Robert (Sarah Morris), 
 afterwards Mrs. Couyers Middleton, 
 
 i- 4. 5. "9 
 Drakes of Ashe, Devon, the, i. 4 
 Dufour, Mdlle., Mrs. Montagu's French 
 
 maid, i. 89, 91 
 Dummer, Mr., of Cranbury Park, i. 
 
 247 
 Duncan, Dr., ii. 77 
 Duncan, king of Scotland, i. i 
 Dupplin, Viscount (afterwards 8th 
 
 Earl of KinnouU), i. 8, 9, 44, 46, 54 ; 
 
 ii. 84, 85, 168, 179 
 Duncannon, Lord, ii. 95 
 Durham, Bishop of, ii. 202 
 
 E 
 
 Earle, Mr., i. 93, 94 
 
 Earthquake, in London (1750), i. 2745 
 
 in Lisbon (1755), ii. 85 
 £au de litce, Mrs. Montagu's accident 
 
 with, ii. 144 
 Edgecumbe, Mr., ii. 95 
 Edinburgh, taken by the rebels in 
 
 1745, i. 205, 209 
 Edward IV,, i. 151 
 Edwin, Mrs., ii. 42, 45 
 Egerton, Lady A. Sophia, ii. 122 
 Egerton, Bishop, i. 180 
 
 VOL. II. 
 
 Eglinton, loth Earl of, i. 269, 286 
 Egmont, 1st Earl, i. 41, 186 ; ii. 84 
 Egremont, Charles Wyndham, 2nd 
 
 Earl of, ii. 217, 262 ; Secretary of 
 
 State, ii. 265 
 Elibank, Lord and Lady, i. 269 
 Elixir of vitriol, a remedy for asthma, 
 
 i-23S 
 
 Elliot, Mr., ii. 95 
 
 EUiot, Mrs., i. 164 
 
 Ellis, Lady (afterwards Lady Dash- 
 wood), i. 218 
 
 Ellis, Mrs. W. {nk Stanley), ii. 186 
 
 Ellis, Welbore (afterwards Lord Men- 
 dip), ii. 186 
 
 Elstob, Mrs., i. 133 
 
 Emerson, William, Doctrine of Flux- 
 ions, etc., i. III. 234 
 
 Emin, or Ameen, Joseph, an Arme- 
 nian, ii. 99, 115, 122, 165, 214; his 
 flight to England, ii. too; Duke of 
 Northumberland's kindness to, ii. 
 loi, 102 ;i.his patron Burke, ii. loi, 
 108, 144, 156, 171 ; his letter from 
 Limburg to " all his ladies and 
 Patronesses," ii. 108-110; Mrs. 
 Montagu's description of, and tribute 
 to, ii. 114, 117, 154; his applica- 
 tion to Pitt, ii. 125, 126 ; joins 
 Frederick the Great's army, ii. 127, 
 132, 141 ; his description of Fred- 
 erick the Great, ii. 143, 154 ; his 
 letters to Mrs. Montagu — "My 
 Queen of Sheba," ii. 102, 114; "To 
 the most learned and most magnani- 
 mous Mrs. Montagu," ii. 162 ; " To 
 the Montagu the Great," ii. 168 ; 
 " To the wisdom of Europe," ii. 
 241 
 
 England v. France in Canada — the 
 Mordaunt Expedition, ii. 116-122; 
 the attempted invasion at St. Malo, 
 ii. 126, 127 
 
 Erringtons, the, i. 144 
 
 Essex, Lady {,nie Williams), ii. 162 
 
 Euston, George, Earl of, i. 17 
 
 Eve, ii. 245 
 
 Evelyn, Mrs. Ann, ii. 75 
 
 Evelyn, Sir John, Sylva, or Discourse 
 on Forest Trees, etc., ii. 75, 14S 
 
 Falconer, R. N., Lieutenant, i. 287 
 Falmouth, ist Viscount, i. 277 
 Fane, Charles, Ist Viscount, i. S7, 245 
 Fane, Miss Charlotte, ii. n, 102 
 Fane, Miss Dorothy, afterwards Lady 
 Sandwich, q.v. 
 
 U 
 
290 
 
 INDEX. 
 
 Fane, Mary Stanhope, Viscountess, once 
 
 Maid-of-Honour to Queen Anne, 
 
 her grottoes, i. 245 
 Farinelli (Carlo Brocchi), i. 16 
 Fauconberg, Viscount, i. 209 
 Fausan, M. and Mdlle., i. 48 
 Fawcet, Mr., i. 140 
 Feather screen, Mrs. Montagu's, i. 
 
 268 
 Fenelon, i. 296 
 Fenton, Lavinia, alias Polly Peacham, 
 
 Duchess of Bolton, ii. 37 
 Ferdinand of Brunswick, Prince, ii. 165, 
 
 178 
 Ferdinand VII. of Spain, ii. 158 
 Ferguson's lectures on philosophy, ii. 
 
 191 
 Fermor, Lady Sophie (afterwards Lady 
 
 Carteret), i. 179 
 Ferrers, Robert, 1st Earl, i. 39 
 Ferrers, Laurence, 2nd Earl, executed 
 
 at Tyburn, ii. 183 
 Feversham, Lord and Lady, ii. 187 
 Fielding, Captain and Mrs., i. 21 
 Fielding, Lady Betty, i. 21 
 Fielding, Henry (novelist), i. 21, 164 
 Finch, Lady Anne, i. 39 
 Finch, Lady Charlotte, i. 21 
 Fisher, Kitty, lii. 160 
 FitzAdam, Adam, ii. 25 
 FitzGilbert, Richard, i. 204 
 Fitzroy, Lord Augustus, i. 17 
 Fitzwalter, Lord and Lady, i. 269 
 Fitzwilliam, ist Earl, i. 209, 294 
 Fitzwilliam, Lady, i. 294 ; ii. 185 
 Foley, Thomas, 1st Baron, i. 83 
 Foley, Thomas, 2nd Baron, i. 46 
 Fontenoy, battle of, i. 237 
 Foote, the actor, ii. 19 
 Forbes, Lady (Dorothy Dale), i. 179 ; ii. 
 
 226 
 Forbes, William, 13th Baron, i. 179 ; 
 
 ii. 266 
 Forster, Sir James William, i. 188 
 Forster, Dr., ii. 99 
 
 Forster, Elizabeth (Mrs. Charles Mon- 
 tagu), i. Ill, 188 
 Fortescue, Chichester, it. 80 
 Fortescue, Mrs. C. {ne'e Wesley), ii. 
 
 80, 255 
 Fortescue, Hugh, ol Filleigh, Devon, 
 
 i. no 
 Fountayne, Dr., Dean of York, ii. 
 
 174 
 Fox, M.P. for York City, 1. 209 
 Fox, Captain, ship Walpole, ii. 100 
 Fox, Lady Caroline, ii. 97 
 Fox, Henry, 1st Lord PloUand, ii. 81, 
 
 84, 94, 103, 104 
 Fox, Stephen, i. 105. 
 
 France v. England, in Cana(^ — the 
 Mordaunt Expedition, ii. 1 16-122; 
 the attempted invasion at St. Malo, 
 ii. 126, 127 
 
 Franking letters, use and abuse of, 
 i. 12 
 
 Frederick, Mrs., ii. 230 
 
 Frederick the Great, ii. 120, 123, 124, 
 132, 154, 178, 225, 241 ; his defeat 
 at Kollin, Bohemia, ii. 1 14 ; battle of 
 Rosbach, ii. 122 ; Zorndorif, ii. 
 141, 142 ; Emin's description of, ii. 
 
 143 
 
 Frederick William, of Prussia, i. 206 
 
 Frederick V., King of Denmark, ii. 
 Ill 
 
 Freind, Rev. Dr. Robert, Head Master 
 of Westminster School, i. 30, 52, 
 192 
 
 Freind, Mrs. Robert (Jane de 1' Angle), 
 i. 52 
 
 Freind, Rev. William, Dean of Canter- 
 bury, i. 30, 52, S7. 114- 122. 148, 
 174, 180, 189, 233, 23s ; ii. 45 ; his 
 letters to Mrs. Montagu, i. 66, 79, 
 191, 192; Mrs. Montagu's letters to, 
 J- 49. 52. 58, 63, 75, 78, 81, 106, 
 109, 131, 177, 179, igo, 219, 225, 
 248, 269 
 
 Freind, Mrs, William (Grace Robin- 
 son), i. 30, 40, 66, 143, 148, 174, 
 177, 189, 191, 233 ; Mrs. Montagu's 
 letters to, i. 49, 122, 227 
 
 French invasion, fears of, i. 174-177, 
 219-226 ; ii. 82, 114 
 
 Freydag, Major, ii. 109 
 
 Froissart, Chronicles, ii. 257, 260 
 
 Fromantel, Mr., i. 145 
 
 Furnese, Lady Anne, i. 39 
 
 Gage, Miss, i. 39 
 
 Galissioniere, Admiral, ii. 90 
 
 Garrick, David, i. 92, 131, 284; ii. 11, 
 16, 19, 83, 129, 130, 145 ; as 
 "Richard III.," i. 107; "King 
 Lear," i. 177, 253; "Hotspur," 
 i. 237; 1" Romeo," i. 279; "An- 
 tony," ii. 158; his marriage, ii. 
 146 
 
 Garrick, Mrs. (Eva Marie Veilchen, 
 " La Violette "), ii. 129,130, 14S 
 
 Gascoigne, Sir Crispe, Lord Mayor of 
 London, ii. 53 
 
 Gataker, Dr., ii. 235 
 
 Gay, John, poet, Court of Death, i. 39, 
 249 
 
 Gazette, ii. 122 
 
INDEX. 
 
 291 
 
 Gee, Mr., i. 261 
 George, Prince, ii. 20 
 George I., i. 206 
 
 George II., i. 53, 94, 236, 256 ; ii. 83, 
 87 ; his offer to Prince of Wales, i. 
 99 ; creates Walpole Earl of Oxford, 
 i. 100 ; the Hanoverian troops, i. 
 '35 ; pardons Lord Cromartie, i. 
 232 ; makes Lyttelton a peer, ii. 96 ; 
 a fainting fit, ii, 116 ; his reception 
 of Mordaunt and Hawke, ii. 120 ; 
 Frederick the Great's report of 
 Zorndorff victory, ii. 142 ; his ill- 
 ness, ii. 152 ; and Pitt, ii. 153 ; 
 death, ii. 208-215 
 George III., i. 177, 280; ii. 160, 209- 
 215; and G. L. Scott, ii. 44, 97; 
 Lady Yarmouth, ii. 126; his first 
 speech as king, ii. 217 ; Bishop Sher- 
 lock's letter to, ii. 221 ; Lord 
 Chesterfield's ion mot, ii. 223 ; his 
 engagement and marriage, ii. 249, 
 251, 252 ; coronation, ii. 259 
 Germain, Lady Betty, i. 269 
 Germain, Lord George, ii. 165 
 Geronsterre waters, the, i. 53 
 Gesner, S., La Mort d'Abel, ii. 245, 
 
 248 
 Gilbert, Dr., Archbishop of York, ii. 
 
 73. 190. 270 
 Giles, i. 193 
 Glamis Castle, ii. 168 
 Glanville, William Evelyn, ii. 118 
 Gloucester, Duke of, i. 177 
 Gloucester, Richard de Clare, Earl of, 
 
 i. 204 
 Gloucester, Duchess of, ii. 160 
 Goddard, Harry, i. 73, 74 
 Godolphin, 1st Earl of, i. 285 ; ii. 98, 
 
 102, 132, 142, 147 
 Godolphin, Lady Harriet, afterwards 
 
 Duchess of Leeds, i. 51 
 Godolphin, Lady Mary, i. 51 
 Godolphin, Mr., ii. 209 
 Godschall, Miss, i. 265 
 " Golden Ball," the, i. 15, 16 
 Goodwin, John, i. 216 
 Goring, Viscount, i. 286 
 Grafton, 2nd Duke of, i. 17 
 Graham, Sir R., i. 209 
 Grahame, J., of Levens, Westmoreland, 
 
 i.39 
 Grammont, Memoirs of the Count de, 
 
 ii. 172 
 Granby, Marchioness of, «'. 269 
 Granby, Lord, i. 269 
 Grantham, Lord (" Short " Sir Thomas 
 
 Robinson), i. 259, 260, 277, 288 ; ii. 
 
 2S9 
 Granville, Anne (Mrs. Pendarves' 
 
 sister), afterwards Mrs. D'Ewes, i. 
 
 47. 56, 57 
 Granville, Anne (Mrs. Pendarves' 
 aunt), afterwards Lady Stanley, i. 
 46 
 Granville, Countess, i. 195 
 Granville, Grace, Viscountess Carteret 
 
 and Countess, i. 153 
 Granville, Mr. (brother of Mrs. Pen- 
 darves), i. 46, 236 
 Granville, Mrs., i. 254 
 Granville, Miss, i. 196 
 Granville, John, i. 18 
 Granville, John, Earl, i. 102, 104 
 Granville, the Misses (Lord Lans- 
 
 downe's daughters), i. 50 
 Gray, Thomas, the poet, i. 119, 253, 
 
 285 ; ii. 23, 24, 87, 183 
 Green, Dr., musician, i. 60 
 Green, Dr. John, Bishop of Lincoln, i. 
 
 249, 27s 
 Greenland, Augustine, of Belle Vue, 
 
 Kent, ii. 92 
 Greenland, John, of Lovelace, Kent, 
 
 ii. 92 
 Greenwich, Caroline, Baroness, i. 117 
 Gregory, James, inventor of the Gre- 
 gorian telescope, i. 179 
 Gregory, Dr. James, i. 179 
 Gregory, Dr. John, Professor of Philo- 
 sophy at Edinburgh, i. 179 ; ii. 73, 
 76, 204, 211, 226, 266 
 Gregory, Mrs. John (Elizabeth Forbes), 
 
 i. 179 ; ii. 226 
 Gregory, Lady Mary, ii. 155 
 Grenville, Mr., i. 54 
 Grenville, George, ii. 90, 95, 266 
 Grenville, James, ii. 95, 262 
 Grenville, Jenny, ii. 90 
 Grenville, Richard, ii, 60, 83, 84 
 Greville, Mr., i. 167 
 Greville, Mrs., i. 39 
 Grey, Mr., i. 147 
 Grey, Rev. Dr. Zachary, i. 62 
 Griffith, Edward Montagu's valet, i. 
 
 136, 140, 143 
 Grinfield, Miss, dresser to George IIL's 
 
 daughters, i. 256 ; ii. 84 
 Grosmith, Rev. — , i. 85 
 Grosvenor, Mrs., i. 255 
 Grosvenor, Sir Richard, 1st Earl, ii. 
 
 156, 217 
 Grounen, Mr., i. 261 
 Guerin, Mr., i. 183 
 Guilford, Earl of, i. 63 
 Gunning, John, of Castle Coote, Ros- 
 common, i. 270 
 Gunning, Elizabeth, (i) Duchess of 
 Hamilton, (2) Duchess of Argyll, i. 
 270, 287, 288 ; ii. 252 
 
292 
 
 INDEX. 
 
 Gunning, Kitty, Mrs. Robert Travers, 
 
 i. 270 
 Gunning, Maria, Countess of Coventry, 
 
 i. 270 ; ii. 18 
 
 H 
 
 Habeas Corpus Bill, ii. 127 
 
 Hagley House, Lyttelton's place, ii. 
 192 
 
 Halifax, Anne, Lady {nJe Dnnk), i. 
 201 
 
 Halifax, William, 2nd Marquis of, i. 
 18 J ii. I4S 
 
 Halifax, 2nd Earl of, i. 256 
 
 Halifax, George, 5th Earl of, i. 104, 
 201 ; ii. 243 
 
 Hallows, Mrs., Dr. Young's lady house- 
 keeper, ii. 248 
 
 Hamilton, Mr., of Painshill, ii. 75 
 
 Hamilton, Duke of, i. 167, 270 
 
 Hamilton, Duchess of (Elizabeth Gunn- 
 ing), i. 270, 287, 288 ; it. 352 
 
 Hamilton, Lord William, ii. 2 
 
 Hammond, the poet, i. 25 
 
 Hampton, the Temple at, ii. 130 
 
 Hampton Court, Herefordshire, ii. 140, 
 
 141 
 
 Handcock, Mrs., ii. 192 
 
 Handcock, William, i. 267 
 
 Handel, George Frederick, i. 27, 44, 
 
 70, 92, 131, 274 
 Hanmer, Lady Catherine, i. 162 
 Hanoverian troops, employed by Eng- 
 land, i. 130, 134, 13s, 137, 173 
 Hardwicke, Philip Yorke, ist Earl of, 
 
 i. 7 ; ii. 127, 192, 212, 262, 266 
 Hardwicke, 2nd Earl of, ii. 127, 21 7 
 Hare, Dr. Francis, Bishop of St. Asaph 
 
 and Chichester, i. 50 
 Hare, Mrs.,i. 50 
 Harleian MSS. in British Museum, i. 
 
 8, 83 ; ii. 243- 
 Harley, Lady Margaret Cavendish. See 
 
 Portland, Duchess of 
 Harley, Mr., i. 104 
 Harrington, William Stanhope, 1st 
 
 Earl of, i. 48 ; President of the 
 
 Council, i. 102 ; Viceroy of Ireland, 
 
 i. 260 
 Harris, History of Kent, i. 7 ; ii. 14 
 Hart, Governor, ii. 106 
 Hartley, Dr. David, i. 254 
 Hastenbeck, battle of, ii. 56, 58 
 Hawke, Sir Edward, Lord, ii. 89, 116, 
 
 118, 120, 121 
 Hawkins, Mr., Surgeon, i. 158, 161-163 
 Hawksworth, LL.D,, John, Oriental 
 
 Tales, ii. 247 
 
 Hay, Lord Charles, ii. 1 16 
 
 Hay, Rev. Robert, Archbishop of 
 
 York, i. 47 
 Hay, Hon. John, i 51, 61 
 Hay, Dr., ii. 95 
 Hayton Farm, i. 66 
 Heame, Thomas, Diary, i. 12; ii. 
 
 62 
 Heberden, Dr. William, i. 276 
 Hell Fire Club, i. 218 
 Helvetius, Claud Adrian, De V Esprit, 
 
 ii. IS7 
 Henrietta Maria, Queen, i. 264 
 Henry II., i. 150 
 Henry IV. of France, ii. 18 
 Henry VIII., i. 151 
 Heraclius II., King of Georgia and 
 
 Armenia, ii. 101 
 Heraclius, Prince, ii. 162 
 Herbert, Mr., of Highclere Castle, 
 
 Hants, i. 253 ; ii. 38, 39, 103 
 Hereford, 6th Viscount, ;'. 39 
 Hereford, Lady, i. 39 
 Herring, Thomas, Archbishop of York, 
 
 i. 209; ii. S3, 54, 61, 63, 71, 78 
 Herrmg, Mrs., ii. 54, 65 
 Herring, Dr., Chancellor of York, ii. 
 
 175 
 Hertford, Lord, i. 249 
 Hervey, John, Lord, Pope's "Sporus,'' 
 
 ii. 192 
 Hervey, Rev. James, Tie Complaint, 
 
 or Thoughts on Time, Death, and 
 
 Friendship, i. 136, 138 
 Hervey, George William, Baron, 2nd 
 
 Earl of Bristol, i. 234 
 Hervey, Lady (Mary Lepell), ii. 178, 
 
 192, 201, 207 
 Hesse Cassel, Frederick, Landgrave of, 
 
 '• S3 
 Hessians, the, i. 221 
 Hickman, Dr., i. 149 
 "Hide "Park, i. 178, 179 
 Hillsborough, Lady, ii. 123 
 Hillsborough, Lord, ii, 96 
 Hinchinbroke, Lady (Elizabeth Pop- 
 ham), ii. 113 
 Hinchinbroke, Lord, afterwards 5th 
 
 Earl of Sandwich, i. 138, 271 ; ii, 
 
 113, 232 
 Hinchinbroke House, Huntingdon, i. 
 
 269 
 Hinxham, John, bookseller, ii. 174 
 Hoadley, Dr. Benjamin, The Suspicious 
 
 Husband, i. 236 
 Hoare, Mr., of Stourhead, the banker, 
 
 ii. 206 
 Hoare, artist, his portrait of Mrs. 
 
 Montagu, i. 265, 272 
 Hoare, Mrs., i, 58 
 
INDEX. 
 
 293 
 
 Hog, Mrs., French maid to the 
 
 Duchess of Portland's children, i. 
 
 89 
 Holbom, Admiral, ii. 74 
 Holdernesse, Sir Conyers D'Arcy, 
 
 6th Earl of, i. 209, 293 ; ii. 6 
 Holland, Henry Fox, ist Baron, i. 
 
 105 ; ii. 94, 95 
 Holler's Prints, i. 103 
 Hollins, Dr., i. 162 
 Honey wood. General, i. i6l 
 Hood, Admiral, 1st Viscount Bridport, 
 
 "• 13s 
 
 Hooke, Nathaniel, Duchess of Marl- 
 ioroug/i's Memoirs, i. 103, 296 ; His- 
 tory of Rome, i. 296 ; ii. 12, 18, 19, 
 41, 45, 46, 70, 90 ; his letter to Mrs. 
 Montagu, ii. 65 
 
 Hopetoun, Lord, ii. 168 
 
 Hoquart, Admiral, ii. 74 
 
 Horace, i. 71, 72 
 
 Hounslow Heath, i. 164 
 
 Howard, Brigadier-General, i. 39 
 
 Howard, Thomas, 6th Earl of Berk- 
 shire and 14th Earl of Suffolk, i. 39, 
 46 
 
 Howard, Lord, i. 46 
 
 Howe, Captain, ii. 126 
 
 Hoyle, on Chess,\. 252 
 
 Hume, Da.viii{jitstory of yames I. and 
 Charles /.), i. 263 ; ii. 68, 91, 195, 
 211 
 
 Hume, Mrs. David, ii. 91 
 
 Hunter, Mr., ii. 95 
 
 Huntingdon, Francis, loth Earl of, ii. 
 214 
 
 Huntingdon, Lady, the patroness of the 
 " Huntingdon Connexion " branch 
 of the Methodists, ii. 214 
 
 Huntingdon Ball, i. 270 
 
 Hurst Castle, i. 248 
 
 Hussey, Edward, Earl of Beaulieu, i. 
 2or, 267 
 
 Hutchinson, Rev, John, Moseis Prin- 
 cipia, ii. 87 
 
 Inoculation for smallpox, i. 149, 
 
 158 
 Inquisition, Court of, ii. 15 
 Inverary Castle, ii. 165 
 Iremonger, Mrs., of Wherwell, Hants, 
 
 ii. 23 
 Irvine, Henry, Viscount, ;. 95 
 Irwin, Lord, i. 164 
 Isaacson, Anthony, ii, 129, 151 
 Isaacson, Mrs. Anthony (Mary Creagh), 
 
 ii. 129, 151 
 
 Isaacson, Montagu, ii. 151, 156 
 Isted, Mrs,, Mrs. Montagu's house- 
 keeper, i. 292 ; ii. 8, 12, 19, 20, 
 56 
 Ives, Mrs., ii. 57 
 
 James II., «'. 156 
 
 Jarret, a jobmaster, ii, 188 
 
 Jefferies, Judge, i. 49 
 
 Jefferies, an ostler at the Pelican Inn, 
 
 Newbury, ii, 23 
 Jeffreys, Baron, of Wem, ii. 257 
 Jenny, Sarah Robinson's maid, i, 164 
 Jersey, Earl of, i. 50 
 Jew Bill, ii. 33 
 Johnson, B., Volpone, ii. 24 
 Johnson, Dr. Samuel, ii. 54, 105, 162 ; 
 
 Lives of the Poets, i. 283 ; on R. 
 
 Berenger, i. 284 ; Rasselas, ii. 161 ; 
 
 his letters to Mrs. Montagu, ii. 161, 
 
 173 
 Jones, a merchant of Huntingdon, ii. 
 
 39 
 Jones, Inigo, i. 242 ; ii. 35 
 Jordain, Monsieur, ii. 37, 267 
 Joseph I., of Portugal, ii. 158 ; 
 
 attempted assassination of, ii. 180 
 "Jumps," a kind of stays, i. 259 
 Jurin, Dr, James, i, 268 
 
 K 
 
 Keith, Field-Marshal, i. 95 
 Kennet, Mrs., wet-nurse, i, 148, 183 
 Kent, Duchess of (Sophia Bentinck), 
 
 i. 60, 6i 
 Kent, Henry (Grey), 1st Duke of, i. 60 
 Kilmarnock, Earl of, i. 231 
 King's lectures, ii. 38, 40 
 Kingston, Duchess of (n^e Chudleigh), 
 
 i. 265 
 Kingston, Evelyn, Duke of, i. 50, 237 
 Kingston, 2nd Duke of, i. 149, 190, 
 
 286j 
 KinnouU, 7th Earl of, i. 47, 61 
 Kinnoull, 8th Earl of, i. 8, 9, 44, 46, 
 
 54 ; ii„84, 85, 168, 179 
 Kirke, Gilbert, /. 55 
 Kirke, Thomas, i. 55 
 Kloster-Seven, Convention of, ii, in 
 KnatchbuU, Sir Wyndham, 5th 
 
 Baronet, i. 20, 32, 36 
 KnatchbuU, Lady, i. 21 
 KnatchbuU, Miss, i. 21 
 Knight, Mrs, (n/e Robinson), i. 179, 
 
 256 
 
294 
 
 INDEX. 
 
 KnoUys, Lady Katherine, afterwards 
 
 Law, i. 22, 33 
 KoUin (Bohemia), Frederick the Great 
 
 defeated at the battle of, ii. 1 14 
 Kouli Khan, ii. 99 
 
 Lambard, Mr., ii. 188 
 
 Lambarts, the, ii. 253 
 
 Lane, Mrs., of Bramham Park, York- 
 shire, ii. 37 
 
 Langham, Lady, ii. 43, 55, 57, 87 
 
 Langham, Lord John, i. 278 
 
 1' Angle, Rev. Samuel de. Prebendary 
 of Westminster, i. 52 
 
 Lansdowne, Lady (Lady Mary Villiers), 
 i. 5° 
 
 Lansdowne, George Granville, Lord, 
 i. SO 
 
 La Perche, Covmt Thomas de, i. 151 
 
 La Perche, Geoffry, 4th Earl de, i. 150 
 
 Laud, Archbishop, i. 75 
 
 Law, John, the financier, i. 22, 23 
 
 Law, Lady Katherine (n& Knollys), i. 
 22, 23 
 
 Layton, Francis, of Rawdon, 2. 55 
 
 Layton, Lucy, afterwards Mre. Leonard 
 Robinson, i. 2, 4 
 
 Le Despencer, Sir Francis Dashwood, 
 Lord, i. 218 
 
 Lee, Colonel, i. 60 
 
 Lee, Dr., i. 93, 94 
 
 Lee, Lady Betty (afterwards Young), i. 
 59, 60 
 
 Leeds, Duchess of (Lady Harriet 
 Godolphin), i. Ji 
 
 Leeds, Thomas, 4th Duke of, i. 5 1 ; ii. 
 209 
 
 Legge, Hon. Harry, Lord of the 
 Treasury, and Chancellor of the Ex- 
 chequer, i. 231 ; ii. 49, 83, 84, 95, 
 
 I S3 
 Leicester, Lord, ii. 165 
 Leigh Place, Sir'John Evelyn's, ii. 75 
 Leiand, Dr. , Observations of Lord Bol- 
 
 ingbroke's Letter, ii. 25 ; Life of Philip 
 
 of Macedon, ii. 159 
 Lely, Sir Peter, his portrait of 1st Earl 
 
 of Sandwich, ii. 249 
 I'Enclos, Ninon de, ii. 113 
 Leslie, Mr., i. 293, 294 
 Lestock, i. 177 
 Levens Hall, Westmoreland, Lord 
 
 Berkshire's seat, i. 224 
 Lichfield, Earl of, i. 60 
 Lichfield, Marquis of, i. 93 
 Liddell, Mr., of Newton, ii, 224 
 Light, Anthony, i. 2, 55 
 
 Light, Mrs. Elizabeth (nle Clarke), 
 afterwards Mrs. Thomas Robinson, 
 i. 2 
 
 Light, Lydia, afterwards Mrs. Thomas 
 Kirke, then Mrs. Robert Lumley, i. 
 
 5S 
 
 Ligonier, Field Marshal John, Earl of, 
 i. 216, 218 
 
 Lincoln, Lady (Catherine Pelham), ii. 
 187 
 
 Lindsey, John, 7th Earl !of, and 17th 
 Earl of Crawford, i. 41 
 
 Linnell, Mr., i. 294 ; ii. 17 
 
 Lisbon, earthquake at, ii. 85 
 
 Lisle, Miss, i. 245 
 
 Locke, ii. 61, 62 
 
 Lodge, Peerage of Lrish Peers, i. 191 
 
 Lodomie, dentist, ii. 209 
 
 Lombe, John, inventor of silk-weaving 
 engine, i. 201 
 
 Lonsdale, 3rd Viscount, i. 209 
 
 Loudoun, Earl of, i. 206 ; Com- 
 mander - in - Chief of English in 
 America, ii. 1 15 
 
 Louis XIV., i. 291, 29s ; ii. 18 
 
 Louis XV., i. 175 
 
 Louisburg, ii. 76, 116, 134; taken, ii. 
 140, 154 
 
 Lovat, Lord, beheaded, i. 235, 253 
 
 Lowther, Mrs., ii. 149 
 
 Lucian, Triumph of the Gout, i. 283 ; 
 ii. 47 
 
 Lumley, Elizabeth (Mrs. Laurence 
 Sterne), i. 3, 55, 73-75. 84. 230 
 
 Lumley, Rev. Robert, i. 55, 230 
 
 Lumley Castle, ii. 139 
 
 Lyster, Mrs., ii. 167 
 
 Lyttelton, Rev. Charles, Dean of 
 Exeter, afterwards Bishop of Car- 
 lisle, i. 201, 284; ii. 96, lis, I36> 
 149, 208, 209, 262 
 
 Lyttelton, Sir George, ist Lord, i. 64, 
 278; ii. 8, II, 22, 25, 30, 32, 35, 
 60, 93, 168, 24s, 250, 252, 255, 260, 
 267 ; Observations on Cicero, i. 82 ; 
 Mrs. Montagu on his Verses, i. 90 ; 
 his first marriage, i. no; Monody, 
 i. 253, 254 ; Dissertation on Saint 
 Paul, i. 283 ; his second marriage, 
 ii. n ; his friend Bishop Berkeley, 
 ii. 15; calls Mrs. Montagu "Ma- 
 donna," ii. 16, 50, 72 ; Hagley, ii. 
 41, 192 ; cofferer, ii. 49 ; Bower's 
 fervid Italian, ii. 50 ; his tour in 
 North Wales, ii. 72 ; Chancellor of 
 the Exchequer, ii. 84 ; Gilbert 
 West's reinstatement at Chelsea, ii. 
 85 ; a pea, ii. 96 ; History of Henry 
 II., ii. 96, 148, 159, 192, 256; "is 
 got pure well," ii. 115; reproves 
 
INDEX. 
 
 295 
 
 liOrd Temple in the House of Lords, 
 ii. 127 ; his 'amusing letter to Dr. 
 Monsey, ii. 132 ; Mrs. Montagu's 
 eau de luce accident, ii. 145 ; Dr. 
 Monsey's doggerel verses on, ii. 
 154 ; Dialogues of the Dead, ii. i8l, 
 182, 200, 204, 207 ; at the Corona- 
 tion, ii. 259 ; his letters to Mrs. 
 Montagu, ii. 81, 90, 94, 135, 140, 
 148, 150, 165, 172, 178, 179, 186, 
 192, 201, 203-205, 209, 212, 213, 
 261, 264 ; Mrs. Montagu's letters to, 
 ii. 89, 96, 134, 164, 167, 172, 18s, 
 191, 194. 20s, 210, 215 
 
 Lyttelton, Lucy, Lady (nee Fortescue), 
 1st wife, i. no, 253 
 
 Lyttelton, Lady (nle Rich), 2nd wife, 
 ii. II, 72, lis 
 
 Lyttelton, Miss, ii. 255 
 
 Lyttelton, Sir Richard, ii. 95, 191 
 
 Lyttelton, Thomas, 2nd Lord, i. 253 ; 
 ii. so, 86, 89, 140, 150, 165, 167, 
 168, 261 ; his letters to Mrs. Mon- 
 tagu, ii. 141, 166, 168, 179; Mrs. 
 Montagu's letters to, ii. 139, 193, 
 
 253 
 
 Lyttelton, Sir Thomas, ii. 182 
 Lyttelton, William Henry, created 
 
 Baron Westcote of Ballymore, i. 
 
 284 ; ii. 32 ; Governor of South 
 
 Carolina, ii. 68, 78 ; Governor of 
 
 Jamaica, ii. 182 
 
 M 
 
 Macartney, Mr., ii. 6 
 
 Macpherson, Highland Poems, ii. 194, 
 
 197, 205, 211, 234, 2S7, 268 
 Mahon, Lady (Hester Pitt), afterwards 
 
 Lady Stanhope, ii. 82 
 Maillebois, Field Marshal Jean Des 
 
 Marets, i. 220 
 Maintenon, Madame de, /. 38; ii. 19 ; 
 
 Memoirs of, ii. 154 
 Mainwaring, Mrs., i. 1 77 
 Mallet, David, Scottish poet, i. 54 
 Malton, 6th Baron of, i. 209 
 Manchester, Isabella, Duchess of, i. 
 
 201 ; remarries Edward Hussey, i. 
 
 267 
 Manchester, 2nd Duke of, /. 20i 
 Mangey, Rev. Dr., ii. S4 
 Mann, Horace WalpoUs Letters to Sir 
 
 H., i. 264, 274, 287 
 Mansfield, William Murray, 1st Earl of. 
 
 Lord Chief Justice, "Silver-tongued 
 
 Murray," i. 138 ; ii. 124, 127, 190 
 March, 3rd Earl of, afterwards Duke of 
 
 Queensberry, i. 269, 286 
 
 Marchmont, Lord, ii. 211 
 
 Maria Theresa, Empress of Austria, ii. 
 
 114, 146 
 Marlborough, John Churchill, 1st Duke 
 
 of, i. 51, 267 ; ii. 118 
 Marlborough, Charles Spencer, 2nd 
 
 Duke of, i. 51 ; ii. 116 
 Marlborough, Charles, 3rd Duke of, i. 
 
 S4, 104, 154. 161, 171 ; ii. 102, 126, 
 
 142, 152, IS4 
 Marlborough, Elizabeth, Duchess of, 
 
 ii. 152 
 Marlborough, Sarah, Duchess of, i. 54, 
 
 94, 157, 16s ; her Account of Her 
 
 Conduct (Memoirs), i. 103, 296 
 Marriott, Mr., ii. 185 
 ■Marsh, Mrs., i. 280 
 Mary of Hesse, Princess (George H.'s 
 
 daughter), i. 53 
 Mason, Caractacus, ii. 161 
 " Matadors," term used in card-games, 
 
 i. 40 
 Matilda of Saxony (Countess de La 
 
 Perche), i. 150 
 Matthews, Admiral Thomas, i. 176, 
 
 177 
 May, Mrs., 1. 181 
 Mead, Dr. Richard, i. 17, 82, 86, 88, 
 
 98, 128, 153, ISS, 158. 160. 162, 
 
 199 
 
 Meadowcourt, Rev. — , Vicar of Lind- 
 ridge, Worcester, ii. 13S, 136, 203 
 
 Mecklenburg-Strelitz, Princess Char- 
 lotte of, marries George III., ii. 
 249, 251, 252, 258-260 
 
 Medows, Sir Philip, i. 277 ; ii. 82, 
 
 '45 
 
 Medows, Sir Sydney, 1. in ; u. 177 
 
 Medows, Jemima, Lady (nie Montagu), 
 i. Ill, H7, 128, 148, 149, 153, 154. 
 158, 184, 248, 262, 266, 7113 ; ii. 12, 
 61, 129, 144, 151, 163, 177; her 
 letters to Mrs. Montagu, ii. 22, 57, 
 82 
 
 Medows, Dorothy (nle Boscawen), i. 
 277 
 
 Melmoth, William, Letters of Pliny, 
 ii. 242 
 
 Mendip, Lord (Welbore Ellis), ii. 186 
 
 Merle, M. de, French Ambassador to 
 Portugal, ii. 181 
 
 "Merlin chair," i. 92 
 
 Meisham Hatch, Sir W. KnatchbuU's 
 place, i. 20, 32, 36 
 
 Micklem, General E., ii. 106 
 
 Middleton, Dr. Conyers, i. 4, 5, 233, 
 275 ; Life of Cicero, i. 6, 29, 70, 71, 
 82 ; his second marriage, i. 10, 11, 
 14, 16 ; fails to obtain the Mastership 
 of the Charter House, i. 19 ; Letters 
 
296 
 
 INDEX. 
 
 on the Use and Study of History, i. 
 90 ; his second wife's death, i. 198 ; 
 An Account of the Roman Senate, i. 
 234 ; his third wife, i. 237, 239, 241, 
 257 ; Free Enquiry into the Miracu- 
 lous Powers, i. 263 ; death of, i. 276, 
 285, 292 ; his bust by Roubilliac in 
 Trinity College, Cambridge, ii. 35, 
 36, 91 ; his letters to Mrs. Montagu, 
 i. 119, 123 
 
 Middleton, Mrs. Conyers, No. i (pre- 
 viously Mrs. Drake), i. 5, 6 
 
 Middleton, Mrs. Conyers, No. 2 (Mary 
 Place), i. 10, II, 14, 16, 180, 198 
 
 Middleton, Mrs. Conyers, No. 3 (Anne 
 Powell), i. 237, 241, 257, 27s, 285, 
 292 ; ii. 35, 36, 91 
 
 Middleton, 3rd Viscount, ii. 156 
 
 Middleton's Academy, ii. 100 
 
 Midgham, seat of Mr. Foyntz, i. 169. 
 
 Millar, architect, ii. 90, 121 
 
 Millar, publisher, ii. 167, 234 
 
 Miller, joe. Book of Jests, i. 73 
 
 Milles, Rev. Isaac, i. 172 
 
 Milner, Sir William and Lady, ii. 91 
 
 Milton, John, i. 172 ; ii. 245 
 
 Mincing, Mrs., i. 65 
 
 Minden, battle of, ii. 165 
 
 Minorca, ii. 140 
 
 Mirepoix, M., French Ambassador, i. 
 284, 291 ; ii. 74 
 
 Mirepoix, Madame, i. 284 
 
 Mitchell, Mr., ii. 143 
 
 Moivre, M. de, i. 286 
 
 Moliere, L'Ecole des Femmes, i. 16 j 
 Precieuses Ridicules, ii. 5$. 
 
 Molyneux, Miss, i. 168 
 
 Money, History of Newbury, i. 1 50 
 
 Monkey Island, i. 54, 1 54 
 
 Monsey, Dr. Messenger, private physi- 
 cian to Lord Godolphin, afterwards 
 to Chelsea Hospital, ii. 98, 108, iii, 
 115, 117, 121, 129, 132, 134, 136, 
 
 14S-147, 'ISO. 152. 154. 165, 171, 
 186, 187, 194, 200, 212, 220, 225, 
 229, 235, 241, 262, 263, 266; his 
 letters to Mrs. Montagu, ii. 133, 142, 
 155, 204, 208, 224 ; Mrs. Montagu's 
 letter to, ii. 102 
 
 Montagu, Charles (Edward's father), 
 his first wife Elizabeth Forster, his 
 second wife Sarah Rogers, i. 11 1, 
 188 
 
 Montagu, Charles (Edward's cousin), 
 ii. 152 
 
 Montagu, Crewe (Edward's brother), 
 i. Ill ; ii. 129 
 
 Montagu, Edward, of Allerthorpe, i. 
 1 10 ; short account of, i. Ill; 
 marries Elizabeth Robinson, i. 114 ; 
 
 the honejrmoon, i. 117; his Whig 
 principles, i. 127 ; guardian and 
 manager to John Rogers and his 
 estate, i. 146, 199, 234, 289-291 ; ii. 
 36 ; arms his tenants, i. 226 ; death 
 of his steward and agent, i. 233 ; 
 Edward Wortley Montagu, Junior, 
 i. 237, 238, 243 ; ii. 167 ; the Hunt- 
 ingdon Elections, i. 239 ; ii. 39 ; 
 James Montagu's death, i. 262 ; 
 Duke of Montagu's death, i. 266 ; 
 death of Edward Carter, ii. 51 ; 
 John Rogers' death and will, ii. 128, 
 137; Elizabeth's «a« de luce d3s,3s,\sx, 
 ii. 144 ; his illness, ii. 164 ; Durham 
 Election, ii. 223, 228 ; old Wortley 
 Montagu's will, ii. 231 ; the New- 
 bold Vernon picture, ii. 249 
 Letters from his wife, i. 123, 127, 
 
 136, 159,200, 235,240, 252, 266, 270, 
 276, 281, 284, 285, 288, 291, 292 ; 
 ii. 6, 11-13, 16, 30, 33-35, 37-40, 
 49. 5«-S3. 56, 74. 90. 103, 107, III, 
 112, 114, 123, 124, 126, 129, 151, 
 153. 156-158. 185, 187, 193, 199. 
 215-217, 219, 223, 226, 228-231, 
 251, 258 
 
 His letters to his wife, i. 129, 134- 
 
 137, 146, 147, 171, 173-175, 182, 
 201, 205, 209, 211, 212, 233, 234, 
 239-241, 269, 282, 285, 286, 289, 
 290, 292 ; ii. 4, 14, 35, 36, 39, 84, 
 104, 106, 112, 188, 218, 223, 231, 
 232, 249 
 
 Montagu, Edward (Elizabeth's godson), 
 
 i. 271 
 Montagu, George, Horace Walpole's 
 
 Letters to, i. 275 ; ii. 178 
 Montagu, James (Edward's half-brother), 
 
 i. HI, 188, 232; ii. 249; death of, 
 
 i. 262 
 Montagu, Hon. James (Edward's 
 
 cousin), ii, 15Z 
 Montagu, Jemima (Edward's sister), 
 
 afterwards Lady Medows, g.v. 
 Montagu, John (Edward's brother), i. 
 
 Ill ; ii. 129 
 Montagu, John, "Punch" (Edward's 
 
 son), i. 149, 165, 166, 168, 169, 178, 
 
 182-186, 188; death of, i. 191 ; ii. 
 
 119 
 Montagu, Captain John, i. 240 
 Montagu, Hon. Mrs. Sarah, i. 151 
 Montagu, Captain William, i. 286 
 Montagu, Edward Wortley, i. 51, 237, 
 
 239 ; ii. 87, 112 ; illness and death, 
 
 ii. 229-231 
 Montagu, Junr., Edward Wortley, i. 
 
 51, 237-240, 243, 261, 286, 287 ; ii. 
 
 167, 197, 249 
 
INDEX. 
 
 297 
 
 Montagu, Lady Mary Wortley {nie 
 Pierpoint), i. 50, 51, 237 ; intro- 
 duces inoculation into England, i. 35 
 
 Montagu, Hon. Sidney Wortley, i. 237, 
 239. 244 
 
 Montagu, Hon. Mrs. Sidney Wortley 
 (Anne Wortley), i. 237 
 
 Montagu, Matthew (Elizabeth's ne- 
 phew), 4th Baron Rokeby, The Letters 
 of Mrs. Elizabeth Montagu, i. 6 
 
 Montagu, Lady Barbara, i. 256, 260, 
 266, 270, 284, 293 ; ii. 7, II, 29, 58, 
 59. 7S. 78. 79. 87, 93. 105, 163, 247, 
 266 
 
 Montagu, John, 2nd Duke of. Master 
 of the Wardrobe, and Grand Master 
 of the Order of the Bath, i. 182, 30i, 
 2l5, 218, 219, 237, 238, 244, 248, 
 266, 267 
 
 Montagu, 3rd Duke of, ii. 92, 113 
 
 Montfort, ist Baron, i. 286 ; ii. 67 
 
 Moor, Captain, i. 80 
 
 Moore, Deputy Governor of Jamaica, 
 ii. 182 
 
 Moore, Edward, publisher of The 
 World, ii. 25 
 
 Mordaunt, Sir John, ii. 116, 118, 120, 
 121, 158 
 
 More, Hannah, i. 284 
 
 Morgan, Rev. — , curate of Newtown, i. 
 271, 272 
 
 Morgan, Jacky and Nanny, i. 272 
 
 Morley, Dr., ii. 77, 185 
 
 Mornington, Garrett Wesley or Wel- 
 lesley, 1st Earl, i. 169 ; ii. 80 
 
 Mornington, Baron, ii. 80 
 
 Morris, Matthew Robinson (Elizabeth's 
 brother), i. 194 ; ii. 13 
 
 Morris, Morris Drake, i. 4, 5, 73 
 
 Morris, Sarah (Mrs. Robert Drake), i. 4 
 
 Morris, Thomas, i. 4, 229 
 
 Morritt, John B. Saurey, i. 2 
 
 Morton, Charles, Curator of British 
 Museum, ii. 243, 256, 257 
 
 Mount Bevis, i. 247, 248 
 
 Mount Edgecumbe, Countess of {,nle 
 Gilbert), ii. 73 
 
 Mount Morris, or Monk's Horton, near 
 Hythe, home of the Robinsons, i. 4, 
 7. 73. 74. 229 ; ii. 14 
 
 Mountrath, 6th Earl of, i. 169 
 
 Murrain, cattle, i. 219 
 
 Murray, Secretary, i. 235 
 
 N 
 
 Nash, Miss, i. 167 
 
 Nash, Richard (" Beau Nash "), i. 167 ; 
 
 ii. 39 ; his threatened History of 
 
 Bath, etc., ii. 59, 60 
 
 National Biography, Dictionary ofi."], 
 
 97 ; "• IS. 146. 189 
 National Portrait Gallery, ii. 258 
 Naylor, Miss Maria, i, 286, 287 
 Ned, Montagu's head-groom, ii. 188, 
 
 199 
 Nedham, Mrs., ii. 94 
 Neustra Signora de Cahodonga, Spanish 
 
 treasure-ship captured by Lord Anson, 
 
 i. 186 
 Newbold Vernon, i. 188 
 Newcastle-on-Tyne, Mrs. Montagu's 
 
 description of, ii. 138 
 Newcastle-on-Tyne, John Holies, 1st 
 
 Duke of, i. 7 
 Newcastle-under-Lyne, Thomas Pel- 
 ham, 1st Duke of, i. 51, 288 ; ii. 49, 
 
 94. 95. 142. i-^, 212, 217 
 Newcastle, Duchess of, i. 288 ; ii, 
 
 121 
 Newton, Dr., Dissertation on the 
 
 Prophecies, ii. 159 
 Newton, Mr., valuer, i. 290 
 Newton, Sir Isaac, ii. 91 
 Newton, Sir T., Roubilliac's statue of, 
 
 ii. 36 
 Nicholson, Bishop, ii. I J 
 Nicholson, John, i. 145 
 Nivernois, Due de, ii. 266 
 Nixon's drawing of the Coffee-house, 
 
 Bath, i. 255 
 Norfolk, Dowager Duchess of (nie 
 
 Sherburne), i. 39, 42 
 Norfolk, Duchess of (Mary Blount), 
 
 i. 17, 102, 125, 288 
 Norfolk, Edward, 9th Duke of, i. 17, 
 
 102 
 Norfolk, 15th Duke of, i. 39 
 Norfolk, Edward Howard, l6th Duke 
 
 of, i. 125 ; ii. 257 
 Norman, Mrs., ii. 267 
 Norris, Admiral Sir John, i. 1 76 
 North, 7th Baron, afterwards Earl ol 
 
 Guilford, i. 63 
 North, Lady, i. 93 
 North American campaign, ii. 134 
 Northampton, Elizabeth, Countess of, 
 
 i. 273 
 Northampton, nth Earl of, i. 273; 
 
 ii. 161 
 Northfleet Fair, i. 99 
 Northumberland, Hugh Smithson, 15th 
 
 Earl, 1st Duke of, ii. 99, loi, 102, 
 
 146, 154, 166 
 Norwood, J. D., i. 97, 255 
 Notes and Queries, ii. 23 
 Nottingham Castle, i. 121 
 Nugent, Mr., ii. 95 
 
298 
 
 INDEX. 
 
 Offleys, the, i. 167 
 Ogle, Mrs., ii. 173 
 Oglethorpe, General James Edward, 
 
 i. 210, 213 
 Old and New London, i. 46 
 Onslow, 3rd Baron, i. 286 
 Orange, Princess of, i. 86 ; ii. 156 
 Orford, Sir Robert Walpole, Earl of, 
 
 i. 100, loi, 104, 156, 157, 171, ISO 
 Orrery, Charles Boyle, 4th Earl, 
 
 Observations on the Life and Writings 
 
 of Dr. Swift, ii. 18, 85 
 Osborne, Admiral, ii. 154 
 Ossian, ii. 267, 268 
 Otway, Thomas, Orphan, i. 177 
 Oxford, Robert Harley, 1st Earl of, 
 
 i. 9, 83, 104 
 Oxford, Edward, 2nd Earl of, i. 7, 8, 
 
 46, 54-57, 62, 82, 83 
 Oxford, Edward Harley, 24th Earl of, 
 
 ii. 140, 141 
 Oxford, Countess of (Henrietta Caven- 
 dish), i. 7, 8, 54, 83, 86, 133, 157, 
 
 226 
 
 Page, Sir Gregory, i. 28 
 
 Page, Mr. (brother of above), i. 28, 
 
 29 
 Palgrave, Mr., ii. 208 
 Palmer, Sir Thomas, of Wingham, 
 
 Kent, i. 21 
 Panmure, Lord, ii. 2i6 
 Pannel, Captain, ii. 18S 
 Panton, Master of the King's Racers, 
 
 i. 279 
 Paul, Father, History of the Council of 
 
 Trent, i. 1 24 
 Pegu, king of, ii. 124 
 Pelham, Right Hon. Henry, i. 100, 
 
 102, 171, 220 ; ii. 49, 187 
 Pembroke, Earl of, ;. 249 
 Pembroke, Henry, 28th Earl of, i. 
 
 273 
 
 Pembroke, Henry, 29th Earl of, ii. 
 160 
 
 Pembroke, Lady, ii. 185 
 
 Pendarves, Mrs. (nie Granville), after- 
 wards Mrs. Delany, "Pen," i. 18, 
 25, 40, 43-47, 50, 56, 57, 98, 103, 
 116, 146; her letters to Mrs. Mon- 
 tagu, i. loi, 116, 131. See also 
 Delany, Mrs. 
 
 Pendarves, W., i. 18 
 
 Penshurst pictures, ii. 34 
 
 Percival, Lord, i. 94 
 
 Percival, Mrs., i. 160, 288 
 
 Percival, Hon. Philip, i. 41, 160, 259 
 
 Perth, 3rd titular Duke of, i. 213 
 
 Peter the Great, i. 95 
 
 Peterborough, Lady (Anastasia Robin- 
 son), i, 22, 169 
 
 Peterborough, Earl of, i. 22, 247 
 
 Petrowna, Czarina Elizabeth, i. 95 
 
 Philip, Agnes (Mrs. Ralph Robinson), 
 i. 2 
 
 Pierce, Jerry, ii. 4 
 
 Pigott, Captain, i. 260 
 
 Pinchbeck, Christopher, i. 46 
 
 Pitt, Miss Anne, i. 58, 64, 255 ; ii. 
 213, 216 
 
 Pitt, Mrs. George (Penelope Atkyns), 
 i. 265 ; ii. 158, 163 
 
 Pitt, Miss Hester, afterwards Lady 
 Mahon, then Stanhope, ii. 82 
 
 Pitt, Lady Hester {n^e Grenville), ii. 
 60, 63, 65, 77, 78, 81, 82, 94. "5. 
 158 ; created Baroness of Chatham, 
 ii. 265 
 
 Pitt, John, Viscount, ii. 95 
 
 Pitt, Miss Mary, i. 64 ; ii. 51, 53, 69, 
 73. 77. 78, 81, 94. 95. "S^, 170, 
 265 
 
 Pitt, Thomas, of Boconoc, Cornwall, 
 ii. 153, 266 ; his letter to Mrs. 
 Montagu, ii. 180 
 
 Pitt, William, afterwards ist Earl of 
 Chatham, "the great commoner," 
 i. 58, 64 J ii. I, 22, 35, 41, 45, 53, 
 77, 78, 83, 85, III, 173. 216; 
 his speeches in the House of 
 Commons, i. 137, 138, 171 ; ii. 153, 
 156; Sarah Robinson on, i. 167; 
 obtains for Gilbert West the Clerk- 
 ship of the Privy Council, ii. 4 ; his 
 house. South Lodge, Enfield, ii. 8, 
 10 ; his hospitality to West, ii. 9 ; 
 authorship of The Adventurer attri- 
 buted to, ii. 25 ; his insomnia, 
 ii. 30-33 ; atTunbridge Wells, ii. 37, 
 40 ; King's lectures, ii. 38 ; Bath, 
 ii. 43 ; gout in his hand, ii. 51 ; 
 appoints West paymaster of Chelsea 
 College, ii. 51, 52 ; marries Lady 
 Hester Grenville, ii. 60, 61, 63, 64; 
 his daughter's birth, ii. 82 ; v. Fox, 
 ii. 84 ; purchases Mrs. Montagu's 
 Playes house, ii. 94 ; his son John's 
 birth, ii. 95 ; a sharp attack of gout, 
 ii. 96, 98 ; Secretary of State, ii. 96, 
 262; the Mordaunt Expedition, 
 ii. 116 ; and Lord Royston, ii. 128 ; 
 and Emin, ii. 154; his "great 
 compliments" to Mrs. Montagu, 
 ii. 157; Burke's application for the 
 
INDEX. 
 
 299 
 
 Madrid consulship, ii. 170; the 
 pictures at Hagley, ii. 172 ; a mark 
 of the City's affection, ii. 213 ; Duke 
 of Newcastle and, ii. 217; and the 
 Lord Mayor, ii. 220 ; the intended 
 expedition to France, ii. 226 ; re- 
 ceives a barony for Lady Hester and 
 a pension for three lives, ii. 264 ; his 
 " act of humility, "ii. 265 
 
 Place, Rev. Conyers, ii. 10 
 
 Place, Mary, afterwards Mrs. Conyers 
 Middleton, i. 10, ii, 14, 16, i8o, 198 
 
 Plumtree, Dr., i. 276 
 
 Pocock, Mrs. (nh Milles), i. 172, 173 
 
 Pococke, Mrs., ii. 69, 208 
 
 Pococke, Miss, ii. 79 
 
 Pococke, Rev. Dr. Richard, Bishop 
 of Ossory and Meath, i. 173 ; ii. 61, 
 69, 204, 208, 211; Descriptions of 
 the East, etc., i. 241 
 
 Polignac, Madame de, ii. 98 
 
 Pomfret, Countess of, ii. 256, 260 ; 
 her death, ii. 261, 267, 268 
 
 Pomfret, ist Earl of, i. 179 ; ii. 256 
 
 Pondicherry, taken by the English, ii. 
 250 
 
 Pope, Alexander, i. 7, 54; ii. 57, 113 ; 
 his epitaph — " Under the marble, 
 etc.," i. 24; Dunciad, i. 38, 172; 
 Letters, i. 89 ; his villa at Twicken- 
 ham, i. 163 ; at Mount Bevis, i. 247 ; 
 Universal Prayer, i. 248; "ill 
 health is an early old age," ii. 8 ; 
 on Silence, ii. 55 ; on Virtue, ii. 82 ; 
 " the story of the great, etc.," ii. 123 ; 
 conscience "the god within the 
 mind," ii. 157 ; " Sporus," ii. 192 ; 
 on Sir John Cutler's funeral, ii. 202 
 
 Porpora, i. 16, 27 
 
 Portland, Duchess of (Lady Margaret 
 Cavendish Harley), i. 8, 12, 13, 23, 
 44-46, 48-50, 55, 56, 60-62, 65, 69, 
 76, 81, 86, 87, 103, 146, 160 ; ii. 43- 
 45, 80, 148 ; her letters to Mrs. 
 Montagu, i. 13, 22, 26, 82-85, 99> 
 100, 102, 103, 124, 128, 133, 149, 
 157, 176 ; Mrs. Montagu's letters to, 
 i. 8-12, 14, 16-20, 27, 28, 31, 36, 
 38-43, 66, 99, 114, 120, 125, 131, 
 133. 138, 152-1SS. 158, 163, 169, 
 170, 172 ; ii. 196 
 
 Portland, William Henry, ist Duke 
 of, i. 81 
 
 Portland, William, 2nd Duke of, i. I2, 
 44, 45, 48, 61, 92, 100, 115, 170; 
 ii. 43, 80 ; his letters to Mrs. Mon- 
 tagu, i. 34, 36, 76 
 
 Portland, William Henry, 3rd Duke 
 of, i. 26, 28 
 
 Portland, Earl of, i. 49 
 
 Potter, Mr., ii. iii 
 
 Potts, Mr., i. 189 
 
 Powell, Anne, 3rd Mrs. Conyers Mid- 
 dleton, f.V. 
 
 Powis, Lord, i. 269 
 
 Poyntz, Stephen, of Midgham, i. 169 ; 
 ii. 147 
 
 Poyntz, Mrs., i. 148 
 
 Pratt, 1st Earl of Camden, ii, 217, 
 250 
 
 Preston Pans, i. 2o5 
 
 Pretender, the, i. 174, 175, 205, 216 ; 
 
 "•39 
 Price, Robert, ii. 136 
 Prichard, Mrs., actress, ii. 234 
 Primrose, Anne, Lady (»A Drelin- 
 
 court), i. 235 ; ii. 192 
 Primrose, 3rd Viscount, i. 235; ii. 
 
 192 
 Primrose, Mrs., ii. 267 
 Prior, Matthew, i. 38, 57 
 Pulses, the Miss, ii. 12, 22 
 Pulteney, General, ii. II, 185 
 Pulteney, Lord, ii. 227 
 Purdie, Mrs., i. 254 
 
 Quadrille, a card-game, i. 40 
 Quarle, Emblems, i. 73 
 Quebec, taken by English, ii. 171, 172 
 Queensberry, Catherine Hyde, Duchess 
 
 of (Prior's " Kitty "), i. 57, 63 
 Queensberry, Charles, 3rd Duke of, i. 
 
 57, 63, 286 
 Queensborough, Duke of, i. 249 
 Quin, the actor, i. 47 ; as " Falstaffe," 
 
 i-237 
 
 Ramsay, Allan, poet, Tie Gentle Shep- 
 herd, etc., ii. 1 95 
 Ramsay, Allan (son of above), portrait 
 
 painter, i. 279; ii. 147, I95> 211 
 Ramsay, Mrs. Allan, ii. 195 
 Ramsay, Dr., ii. 133 
 Ranelagh, a masquerade at, i. 264 
 Ravensworth, Lord, ii. 138, 165, 201 
 Reynolds, Sir Joshua, his portrait of 
 
 Lord Bath, ii. 258, 268, 269 
 Rich, Field Marshal Sir Robert, ii. 73 
 Richardson, Adam, ii. 183, 184, 229 
 Richardson, Miss M. (afterwards Mrs. 
 
 William Robinson), ii. 183, 184 
 Richardson, Samuel, Sir Charles Gran- 
 dison, Pamela, Clarissa Harlowe, etc., 
 i. 258 ; ii. 46, 250, 260 
 
300 
 
 INDEX. 
 
 Richmond, Charles, 2nd Duke of, i. 
 
 loo ; ii. 97 
 Richmond, 7th Duke of, i. 216, 218 
 Ridley, Mayor of Newcastle, i. 210 
 Risback, ii. 168 
 
 Rivers, George Pitt, Lord, i. 265 
 Rivers, Pitt, of Stratfieldsaye, i. 151 
 Rivington, Mr., ii. 208 
 Roberts, E. Sage, ii. 48 
 Robertson of Strowan, 7th Baron, i. 2 
 Robertson, William, of Kendal, i. 2 
 Robertsons of Struan, or Strowan, the, 
 
 i. I 
 Robinson, Charles, " Poor Pigg " 
 
 (brother),!. 5, 121, 130, 131, 136, 
 
 139, 182, 224, 262, 272 ; ii. 52 
 Robinson, Deborah, Lady (it^ Collet), 
 
 i. 2 
 Robinson, George, i. 216 
 Robinson, Grace, afterwards Mrs. 
 
 William Freind, q.v, 
 Robinson, Henry (brother of above), 
 
 i. 80 
 Robinson, Henry, of Kendal, i. 2 
 Robinson, John (brother), i. S, 121, 
 
 130, 131, 136, 139, 247, 253, 258 ; 
 
 ii. 7 
 Robinson, Sir Leonard, i. 2, 4 
 Robinson, Matthew (father), i. 2, 3, 
 6, II, 14, 16, 34, 76, 118, 129, 219, 
 232, 243 ; ii. 23, 156 ; his letter to his 
 daughter Elizabeth, i. 237 ; Eliza- 
 beth's letters to, i. 54, 62, 104, 236, 
 287 ; ii. 201 
 Robinson, Mrs. Matthew, Elizabeth 
 Drake (mother), i. 4, 7, 34, 35, 149, - 
 215, 227 ; her letters to her daughter 
 Elizabeth, i. 176, 180-182, 196, 198, 
 222, 225 ; Elizabeth's letters to, i. 
 46, 48, 50, 61, 87, 88, 93, 94, 116, 
 141, 180, 226 
 Robinson, Matthew (brother), after- 
 wards 2nd Baron Rokeby, i. 5, 34, 
 70, 74, 83, 84, 86, 87, 91, 129, 186, 
 229, 240, 259, 265, 270, 282, 291 ; ii. 
 14, 65, 69, 93 ; M.P. for Canterbury, 
 i. 252, 253 ; presents address to 
 George IH., ii. 228 ; his letters to 
 his sister Elizabeth, i. 73, 77, 260 
 Robinson, Rev. Dr. Matthew, i. 122 
 Robinson, Matthew (son of Morris), 4th 
 Baron Rokeby, i. i, 6, 254 ; ii. 92, 
 
 174 
 
 Robinson, Morris (brother), i. 5, 107, 
 129, 166, 174, 187,233, 235; ii. 13, 
 49, 92, 123, 129, 152, 184, 191, 228 
 
 Robinson, Mrs. Morris (Jane Green- 
 land), ii. 92, III, 184 
 
 Robinson, Morris (son of above), 3rd 
 Baron Rokeby, ii. 1 1 1 
 
 Robinson, Ralph, i. 2 
 
 Robinson, Rev. Dr. Richard (cousin). 
 Archbishop of Armagh, 1st Baron 
 Rokeby, ii. 2 
 
 Robinson, Captain Robert (brother), i. 
 S, 18, 24, 47, 128, 131, 182,224, 233, 
 262, 266, 279, 282 ; ii. 10, 88 
 
 Robinson, Sarah (sister), afterwards 
 Mrs. George Lewis Scott, " Pea," i. 
 5, 21, 34, 37, 78, 117, 13s. 143. '46, 
 148, 158, 163-165, 174, 194, 19s. 
 208, 213, 224, 252, 256, 260, 266, 
 293 ; ii. 10, 52, 87, 88, 93, 94, .105, 
 266 ; engagement, i. 270 ; marriage, 
 i. 284 ; and separation, ii. 5-7, 44 ; 
 her daily life at Bath Easton, ii. 78, 
 79 ; Millenium Hall, by a Gentleman 
 on his Travels, ii. 79 ; her letters to 
 her sister Elizabeth, i. 64, 164, 166- 
 168, 219, 280; ii. S9. 97. 144; 
 Elizabeth's letters to, i. 4S-47. 53. 
 56, 60, 61, 63, 65, 74, 88-90, 95-97, 
 108, 149, 165, 178, 183, 184, 186, 187, 
 215, 248, 258, 262, 264,271, 279 ; ii. 
 I, 20, 29, 33, 54, 58, 67, 69. 75, 79. 
 86, 118, 184, 246 
 
 Robinson, Sir Septimus, i. 177; ii. 2 
 
 Robinson, " Short" Sir Thomas, Lord 
 Grantham, i. 259, 260, 277, 288 
 
 Robinson, Lady (wife of above), i. 277 
 
 Robinson, " Long " Sir Thomas, i. 2, 
 30, 47, 100, 112, 123 ; ii. 2, 42, 275- 
 277 
 
 Robinson, Thomas, i. 2, 3 
 
 Robinson, Thomas (brother). Common 
 Law of Kent, or Customs of Gavel- 
 kind, i. 5, 32, 97, 129, 137, 140, 251, 
 
 254. 255 
 Robinson, Mrs. Thomas (afterwards 
 
 Mrs. Anthony Light), i. 55 
 Robinson, Ursula, i. 2 
 Robinson of Rokeby, William, i. 2, 
 
 177 ; ii. 2 
 Robinson, Rev. William (brother), i. 5, 
 
 121, 130, 131, 136, 139, 247, 253, 
 
 258, 285 ; Rector of Burghfield, 
 
 Berks, ii. I, 2, 9, 87, 93, 183, 184, 
 
 229, 270 
 Robinson, Mrs. William (wife of above), 
 
 nk Richardson, ii. 183, 184, 229 
 Robinson, Sir William (cousin), ii. 2 
 Robinsons and Sternes, pedigree of 
 
 the, i. 3 
 Rochester, Earl of, ii. 113 
 Roger family of Oxwell Park, ii, 37 
 Rogers, a grocer, ii. 100 
 Rogers, John, of Newcastle,, i. ill, 
 
 144, 14s 
 Rogers, Mrs. John (Sarah Cock), i. ill 
 Rogers, Junr., John, i. l44-'47. 151. 
 
INDEX. 
 
 301 
 
 234, 28s, 289, 290; ii. 17, SI. S3. 
 
 128, J29, 151, 201 
 Rogers, Jura., Mrs. John (Anne De- 
 
 laval), ii. 129 
 Rogers, Mrs. Elizabeth, ii. 129 
 Rogers, Sarah (Mrs. Charles Montagu), 
 
 i. HI, 144 
 Rokeby, Sir Thomas, i. 2 
 Rokeby, Rev. Dr. Richard Robinson, 
 
 1st Baron, Bishop of Killala, after- 
 wards Archbishop of Armagh, ii. 2 
 Rokeby, Matthew, 2nd Baron. See 
 
 Robinson, Matthew (brother) 
 Rokeby, Morris Robinson, 3rd Baron, 
 
 ii. Ill 
 Rokeby, Matthew Robinson, 4th Baron, 
 
 i. I, 6, 254 ; ii. 92, 174 
 Rolfe, Rev. Edmund, ii. 98 
 Rolfe, Mrs. («/« Alexander), ii. 98 
 Rollin, ii. 25 
 Rolt, Mrs., i. 202, 203 
 Romney, and Baron, i. 275 ; ii. 77 
 Romney, Lady (Priscilla Pym), i. 275, 
 
 284 ; ii. 77 
 Romney Marsh, i. 223 
 Rook, Mrs., i. 128 
 Rooke, Heyman, i. 4 
 Rosbach, battle of, ii. 122 
 Rosebery, Lord, «. 235 
 Roubilliac, Louis Fran9ois, sculptor, 
 
 "• 35) 36 ; his bust of Shakespeare, 
 
 ii. 130 
 Rousseau, ii. IS9 
 Rowe, Nicholas, Poet Laureate, Fair 
 
 Penitent, i. 177 
 Royston, Lord, afterwards 2nd Earl of 
 
 Hardwicke, ii. 127, 217 
 Rush, Lady, i. 246 
 Russia, revolution in (1741), i. 95 
 Russians, defeated by Frederick the 
 
 Great at Zorndorff, ii. 142 
 Rust, Mr., travelling companion to 
 
 Mr. Hoare's son, ii. 206 
 Rutland, 3rd Duke of, i. 216 
 Ryder, Sir Dudley and Lady, i. 277 
 
 Sackville, Lady Caroline (afterwards 
 
 Countess of Dorchester), i. 53 
 Sackville, Lord George (afterwards 
 
 Lord George Germaine), ii. 165, 212, 
 
 216 
 St. Albans, 1st Duke of, i. 80 
 St. Evremont, ii. 113 
 Saint Germain, Comte de, French 
 
 General, i. 222 
 St. Lazare, i. 80 
 
 St. Malo, attempted invasion of France 
 
 at, ii. 126, 127 
 St. Real, C. V. de, i. 70 
 Sallier, Abbe, ii. 257 
 Sandford, Lieutenant, i. 80 
 Sandleford Priory, Berks, i. 150-152 ; 
 
 ii. 278-280 
 Sandwich, ist Earl of. Lord High 
 
 Admiral of the Fleet to Charles II., 
 
 i. 51, III, 151, 237; Lely's portrait 
 
 of, ii. 249 
 Sandwich, 3rd Earl of, ii. 1 13 
 Sandwich, John, 4th Earl of, "Jemmy 
 
 Twitcher," i. 87, iSS, 174, 218, 219, 
 
 238, 240, 243, 244, 259-261, 265, 
 
 266, 268, 270, 286; ii. 33, 39, 69, 
 
 113. 230 
 Sandwich, John Montagu, Sth Earl of, 
 
 i. 138, 271; ii. 113, 232 
 Sandwich, Dowager Countess of (Eliza- 
 beth Wilmot), ii. 113 
 Sandwich, Dorothy, Lady (nee Fane), 
 
 i. 87, 138, 218, 244, 259-261, 265, 
 
 266, 269, 271 ; ii. 51, 69, 76, U3; 
 
 her letter to Mrs. Montagu, ii. 
 
 103 
 Sandys of Ombersley, Samuel, ist 
 
 Baron, Chancellor of the Exchequer, 
 
 i. 102, 105, 130 
 Sandys, Dr., i. 33, 45, 48, 54, 61, 98, 
 
 127, 138, 160 
 Saumaize, M., i. 86 
 Saunders, Admiral, ii. 89 
 Savernake Forest House (Lord Bruce'.s), 
 
 i. 250 
 Saxes, Maurice, Comte de. Field 
 
 Marshal of France, i. 175 
 Scarborough, 3rd Earl of, i. 63 
 Scarborough, Lady, i. 63 
 Scarron, Paul, French satirist, Le 
 
 JRoman comique, etc., i. 38 ; ii. 19 
 Scheemackers, sculptor, i. 190 
 Schulenburg, Count, ii. 154 
 Scotland, the 1745 rising in, i. 205- 
 
 209, 214, 215 
 Scott, Mrs., of Scott's Hall, i. 35, 86 ; 
 
 ii. IS 
 Scott, "Cally" (afterwards Mrs. T. 
 
 Best), i. 86, 103, 121, 184 
 Scott, Cecilia, i. 86 
 Scott, George, of Bristo, Scotland, i. 
 
 206 
 Scott, George Lewis, i. 206, 211, 213, 
 
 219, 260, 280, 287, 292, 293 ; en- 
 gagement, i. 270 ; marriage, i. 284 ; 
 
 and separation, ii. 5-7, 44 ; dismissed 
 from tutorship to the Princes, ii. 20 ; 
 Commissioner of the Excise, ii. 97 
 Scott, Mrs. George Lewis. See Robin- 
 son, Sarah 
 
302 
 
 INDEX. 
 
 Scudamore, Miss (Mrs. Scudamore), 
 
 ii. 72, 185 
 Seeker, Thomas, Bishop of Oxford, 
 
 afterwards Archbishop of Canterbury, 
 
 i. 71 ; ii. 42, 160, 260 
 Seeker, Mrs. Thomas, i. 71 
 Selwyn, George, ii. 252 
 Severn river, ii. 112 
 Sevigne, Madame de, Letters, ii. 68 
 Shadwell, Sir John and Lady, j. 50 
 Shaftesbury, 3rd Earl of, Qharactenstics, 
 
 i. 138 ; ii. 18 
 Shaftoe, Mr., ii. 202 
 Shakespeare, As You Like It, i. 47 ; 
 
 King Lear, i. 253 ; Hamlet, ii. 20 ; 
 
 Roubilliac's bust of, ii. 130 ; his 
 
 Plays compared with Greek Plays, 
 
 ii. 206 
 Shaw, Dr.,of TunbridgeWells, i. 289 ; 
 
 ii. II, 17 
 Shaw, Dr. Thomas, Regius Professor 
 
 of Greek, Oxford, traveller, botanist, 
 
 antiquary, etc., i. 44, 189, 236, 258, 
 
 259, 288 ; ii. 88, 90, 121 
 Sheep Leas (Mr. Weston's place), ii. 7S 
 Shelley, Mrs., ii. 261 
 Shenstone, William, poet, ii. 13S 
 Sherlock, TThomas, Bishop of Salisbury, 
 
 and of London, i. 249, 269, 284 ; ii. 
 
 2, 3. 42. 43. 54. 55. 73. 77. 132, i47. 
 194, 220 ; his letter to Mrs. Montagu, 
 ii. 198 ; his letter to George III.,ii. 
 221 
 Sherlock, Mrs. T., i. 249, 269 ; ii. 3, 
 
 42. 147 
 Shirley, Lady F., i. 35 
 Shobbington family, the, «'. 49 
 Shrewsbury, Lord, ii. 2 
 Shuttleworth, Mrs., i. 160 ; ii. 6 
 Sidney, Sir Philip, Arcadia, i. 56, 
 
 2i9 
 Skerrit, Miss, i. 100, loi 
 Skipper, Mr., i. loS 
 Skipton, Dr., i. 82 
 Sleidan, History of the Reformation, i. 
 
 124 
 Sloane, Sir Hans, and his Museum, i. 
 
 103, 128 ; ii. 26, 98, 186, 243 
 Sloper, Simon Adolphus, of West 
 
 Woodhay House, i. 166, 242 
 Smallpox, inoculation for, i. 35, 149, 
 
 158 
 Smith, Dr. Robert, Master of Trinity 
 
 College, Cambridge, founder of 
 
 "Smith's Prize," i. 200; ii. 35, 36 
 Smith, Sir Sidney, ii. 140, 247 
 Smollett, Peregrine Pickle, ii. 2 
 Smythe, Dr., ii. 250 
 Solis, Antonio de. History of the Con- 
 
 quest of Mexico^ ii. 135 
 
 Somerset, Earl of Hertford, afterwards 
 
 Duke of, i. 260 
 Somerset, Charles, 6th Duke of (" The 
 
 Proud Duke"), i. 269 
 Somerset, Algernon Seymour, 7th 
 
 Duke of, ii. loi 
 Somerset, Duchess of (Lady Algernon 
 
 Seymour), ii. loi 
 Somerset, Edward Adolphus, nth 
 
 Duke of, i. 49 
 Somerset, Lord Noel, afterwards 4th 
 
 Duke of Beaufort, i. 39, 41, 42 
 Sophia, Princess, George I.'s daughter, 
 
 i. 206 
 Sophocles, CRdipus Coloneus, ii. 191 ; 
 
 Fhiloctetes, ii. 206 
 Soubise, Prince, ii. 122 
 South Lodge, Enfield (Pitt's house), ii. 
 
 8-10 
 Southwell, Right Hon. Edward, i. 40, 
 
 253, 293 
 Southwell, Mrs. Edward, i. 253, 293 ; 
 
 ii. 80, 84, 107, III, 164 
 Southwell, Sir Thomas, i. 40 
 Spectator, the, i. 39 
 Speed, Miss, ii. 71 
 Spencer, Hon. John, i. 95, 195 
 Spencer, Mrs., i. I95 
 Spencer, Georgina, Lady, ii. 147, 148 
 Spencer, John, 1st Earl, ii. 148 
 Spencer, George John, 2nd Earl, ii. 
 
 148 
 Spinckes, Miss, i. 87 
 Spirit Tax, 1742-43, i. 174 
 Squire, Mr., i. 216 
 Stamford and Warrington, Henrietta, 
 
 Countess of, i. 19 
 Standen, i. 241 
 
 Stanhope, Mr., i. 201 ; ii. 123 
 Stanhope, Captain, ii. 182 
 Stanhope, Sir Charles, ii. loi 
 Stanhope, the Ladies, daughters of 1st 
 
 Viscount Stanhope, i. 264 
 Stanhope, Lady Hester, ii. 82 
 Stanhope, Lady Lucy, i. 255 
 Stanhope, Philip, 2nd Earl of, i. 18 
 Stanhope, ist Viscount, i. 264 
 Stanley, Anne, afterwards Lady Mendip, 
 
 ii. l86, 193 
 Stanley, Sarah, Mrs. Charles D'Oyley, 
 
 ii. 186, 193 
 Stanley, Right Hon. Hans, of Paul- 
 tons, Hants, Lord of the Admiralty, 
 ii. 186, 220 
 Stanley, Mrs., ii. 45, 186 
 Stanley, D., his letter to the Duke of 
 
 Montagu, i. 216 
 Stanley, Anne, Lady («A Granville), 
 
 i.4S 
 Stanley, Sir John, i. 46, 101 
 
INDEX. 
 
 303 
 
 Sterne, Jacob, i. 75 
 
 Sterne, Rev. Laurence, i. 3, 55, 73- 
 75 ; Tristram Shandy, ii. 174, 268- 
 270 ; tis letter to Mrs. Montagu, ii. 
 17s 5 his "memorandums," ii. 270 
 
 Sterne, Mrs. Laurence (nie Lumley), 
 '• 3. 55. 73-75. 84, 230 ; her letters 
 tO'Mrs. Montagu, ii. 27, 176 
 
 Sterne, Miss Lydia, Mrs. Montagu's 
 godchild, i. 90 ; ii. 28 
 
 Sterne, Richard, Archbishop of York, 
 
 Sternes and Robinsons, pedigree of, i. 3 
 Steuart, Edward, ii. 128 
 Stevens, Captain, ii. 83 
 Stevens, George, his edition of Shake- 
 speare, ii. 105-107 
 Stewart, Captam, i. 206, 212 
 Stewart, Sir James, Lord Advocate of 
 
 Scotland, i. 206 
 Stillingfleet, Edward, Bishop of 
 
 Worcester, Eirenicon, ii. 128 
 Stillingfleet, Dr. Benjamin {Cabinet of 
 
 Flora, etc.), ii. 73, 86, 93, 95, 98; 
 
 99, 102, 160 ; his letters to Mrs. 
 
 Montagu, ii. 104, 185, 250 ; Mrs. 
 
 Mont^u's letters to, ii. 114, 117, 
 
 127, 136, 149 
 Stonehenge, i. 249 
 Stonelands (now called " Buckhurst "), 
 
 Duke ofDorset's seat in Surrey, ii. 37 
 Strafford, Anne, Lady (2nd Duke of 
 
 Argyll's daughter), ii. 233 
 Strathmore, John Lyon, 73i Earl of, 
 
 ii. 180 
 Stuart, James ("Athenian" Stuart), 
 
 The Antiquities of Athens, ii. 150, 
 
 232 
 Stuart, Mrs., ii. 146 
 Suffolk, nth Earl of, i. 144 
 Suffolk, Thomas Howard, 14th Earl 
 
 of, i. 39 
 Suffolk, Lady, i. 229 
 Sugar, proposed tax on, i. 174 
 Sully, Due de, Memoires, i. 281 ; ii. 18 
 Sunderland, ii. 139 
 Sunderland, Charles, Earl of, <. 162 
 Sunderland, 4th Earl of, i. 233 
 Sunderland, Lady (Judith Tichborne), 
 
 afterwards wife of Sir Robert Sutton, 
 
 i. 162, 233 
 Sundon, William Clayton, Baron, i. 80 
 Sussex privateers, i. 212 
 Sutton, Right Hon. Sir Robert, i. 1G2, 
 
 232, 246 
 Sutton, Miss, i. 233 
 Swale river, i. 122 
 Swift, Dean, i. 7, 25, 41, 153, ISi, 
 
 196 ; ii. 2, 85 ; Letters, i. 89 ; Four 
 
 Last Years of Queen Anne, i. 104 ; 
 
 his Yahoos, i. 113; "Friend, you 
 make the very crowd you blame," i. 
 288 ; Life and Writings, ii. 18 
 
 Taafe, Mr., i. 287 
 
 Talbot, Edward, Bishop of Durham, 
 i. 71, 234, 290 ; ii. 113 
 
 Talbot, Mrs., ii. 113, 266 
 
 Talbot, Miss, i. 71 ; ii. 160, 212 
 
 Talbot, D.D., Rev. W., i. 71 
 
 Talbot, William, 2nd Baron, after- 
 wards Earl Talbot and Baron Dine- 
 vor, i. 104, 266 
 
 Talbot, Mary, Lady {n& de Cardonnel), 
 i. 266, 268, 269 ; ii. 259 
 
 Tanfield of Calthorpe, i. 213 ^_^- 
 
 Tatton, Miss, i. 46 
 
 Tar water, i. 235 
 
 Tavora, Marquis of, ii. 158, 180 
 
 Tavora, Marchioness of, ii. 180 
 
 Taylor, Perspective, i. 252 
 
 Taylor's Sermons, ii. 121 
 
 Temple, Penelope (Mrs. M. Berenger), 
 i. 284 
 
 Temple, Richard Grenville, Earl, ii. 
 22, 64, 85, 95, 127, 262, 265 
 
 Temple, Lady, ii. 60 
 
 Temple, Sir Richard, of Stowe, i. 278 
 
 Temple, Sir William, i. 184 
 
 Tennison, Mrs., i. 35 
 
 Thanet, 7th Earl of, i. ig, 22, 6i 
 
 Thanet, Sackville Tutton, 8th Earl of, 
 i. 22 
 
 Thanet, Mary, Lady, i. 18-21, 29, 86 
 
 Thompson, Mr., of Coley Park, Berk- 
 shire, ii. 15 
 
 Thompson, E., Resident in Paris, i. 
 
 '75 
 Thomson, James, Seasons, 1. 54, 177 ; 
 
 Tancred and Sigismund, i. 236 
 Throckmorton, Lady, i. 48 
 Throckmorton, Sir Robert, 4th Baronet, 
 
 i. 48 
 Thynn, J., i. 50 
 
 Tillotson, John, Archbishop of Canter- 
 bury, ii. 20 
 Titchfield, Marquis of, i. 26, 28, 295 ; 
 
 ii. 80 
 Tonbridge Castle, i. 204 
 Topham, Dr., ii. 174 
 Torgau, battle of, ii. 225 
 Torriano, Samuel, i. 277 ; ii. 72, 73, 
 
 86, 95. 99. 160. "75. '76, 185, 190; 
 
 his letter to Mrs. Montagu, ii. 97 
 Torriano, Mrs. (nie Scudamore), ii. 72, 
 
 185 
 Townsend, Charles, ii, 84 
 
304 
 
 INDEX. 
 
 Townsend's Translation of the Con- 
 quest of Mexico, i. 259 
 
 Townshend, General, ii. 171 
 
 Townshend, George, 4th Viscount and 
 Marquis, ii. 220 
 
 Townshend, Lady, ii. 171 
 
 Traill, Life of Laurence Sterne in the 
 Englishmen of Letters series, i. 7i ; 
 ii. 174 
 
 Travers, Robert, ;'. 270 
 
 Travers, Mrs. Robert (Kitty Gunning), 
 i. 270 
 
 Travile, Mrs. Montagu's lady's-maid, 
 ii. 76-78, 82 
 
 Trelawney, i. 107 
 
 Trentham, Lord, i. 286 
 
 Trevor, 2nd Baron, ii. 152 
 
 Trevor, Mrs. G., i. 255 
 
 Trevor, Mrs. John Morley (?//« Mon- 
 tagu), i. 264 
 
 Tufton, Lady Mary, i. 64 
 
 TuU, Jethro, inventor of the [four- 
 wheeled post-chaise, i. 266 
 
 TuUibardine, William Murray, Mar- 
 quis of, i. 231 
 
 Tunbridge Wells, i. 9, 17, 199, 202, 
 269 ; ii. 1 1 
 
 Turner, M.P. for Yorkshire, i, 209 
 
 Turvin, Lieutenant, i. 80 
 
 Twisden, Sir Roger, ii. 188 
 
 Twycross, Captain, i. 135, 141, 213 
 
 Tyers, Mr., ii. 52 
 
 V 
 
 Vaillante, bookseller, i. 275 
 Valentia, Arthur, Viscount, i. 253 
 Valentia, Lucy, Viscountess {n^e Lyttel- 
 
 ton), i. 253 ; ii. 95 
 Vanburgh, Mr., i. 167 
 Vandyck, i. 249 
 
 Vane, Anne, Lady («/e Hawes), after- 
 wards Lady William Hamilton, ii. 2 
 Vane, Lord, ii. 2 
 Vanharen, Mr., i. 261 
 Vaughan, chair of, a sedan chair, ii. 6 
 Ventriloquism, ii. 40 
 Vere, Baron, of Hanworth, ii. 45 
 Verney, Mrs., i. 45 
 Vernon, Admiral, i. 58, 79, 91, 97, 
 
 107, 208, 222, 224 
 Vertue, George, engraver, etc., i. 62 
 Vesey, Agmondesham, M.P. for Harris 
 
 Town, i. 267 ; ii. 214 
 Vesey, Mrs. A. (formerly Mrs. William 
 
 Handcock), 1. 267 ; ii. 73, 77, 192, 
 
 214, 268 
 Vesey, Sir Thomas, Bishop of Ossory, 
 
 i. 267 
 
 Viper broth, ii. ijl 
 
 Voltaire, i. 207 ; ii. 19, 120, 163 ; 
 
 VOrphelin de la Chine, ii. 85; 
 
 Tancred, ii. 233 ; Dr. Young on, 
 
 ii. 257 
 Vourse, Mr., ii. 4 
 
 W 
 
 Wade, Field Marshal George, i. 177, 
 
 207, 208, 212, 214, 216 
 Wadman, Mrs., i. 166 
 Waldegrave, 2nd Earl, ii. 1 60 
 Waldegrave, Maria, Countess (nie 
 
 Walpole), afterwards Duchess of 
 
 Gloucester, ii. 160 
 Wales, Frederick, Prince of, i. 95, 99, 
 
 280 
 Wales, Augusta of Saxe Gotha, 
 
 Princess Frederick of, i. 103, 284 ; 
 
 ii. 17, 44, 83, 84, 97, 214, 217, 249f 
 
 251 
 Wall, Dr. John, founder of porcelain 
 
 manufactory at Worcester, ii. 104 
 Waller, the poet, i. 108 
 Wallingford, Lady (Mary Katherine 
 
 Law), i. 22, 25, 33, 35, 44, 48, 160, 
 
 196, 199, 23s 
 Wallingford, Lord, i. 22, 48, 49 
 Walmoden, Amelia S. de, created 
 
 Lady Yarmouth, ii. 126 
 Walnut medicine, i. 215 
 Walpole, Sir Edward, i. 28, 29, 156 ; 
 
 ii. 160 
 Walpole, Horace, i. 2S, 33, 124; ii. 
 
 24, 38, 114, 207; Letters to Sir 
 
 Horace Mann, i. 2S4:, 274, 287 ; 
 
 Letter to George Montagu, i. 267, 
 
 275 ; ii. 67, 177 ; Memoir of the 
 
 Reign of George 121., ii. 44 ; Memoir 
 
 of George I., ii. 178 
 Walpole, Sir Robert (Earl of Orford), 
 
 i. 28, 94, 99, 100 
 Walton, Miss, i. 8 
 Warburton, Colonel, ii. 76 
 Warburton, Dr. William, Bishop of 
 
 Gloucester, Pop/s Works, ii. 18 ; on 
 
 Lord Bolingbroke, ii. 61, 63 
 Watson, R.A., Colonel, i. 80 
 Webster, attorney in Cheapside, ii. 
 
 loo 
 Wedderbum, Sir John, ii. 195 
 Weller, Jane (Mrs. Greenland), ii. 92 
 Wells and Hartley, i. 181 
 Wemyss, James, 5th Earl of, i. 177 
 Wentworth, M.P. for York City, i. 
 
 107, 209 
 Wentworth, Edward, 9th Baron, i. 201 
 Wentworth, General, i. 210 
 
INDEX. 
 
 30s 
 
 Weser river, ii. 109 
 
 Wesley, or Wellesley, Garrett, ist Earl 
 Mornington, i. 169 ; ii. 80 
 
 West, LL.D., Gilbert T., "Tubby," 
 
 i. 278, 279, 288; ii. I, II, 12, 38, 
 
 40, 72 ; translation of Pindar, i. go ; 
 
 and of Lucian's Triumph of the Gout, 
 
 i. 283 ; ii, 47 ; Clerk of the Privy 
 
 Council, ii. 4 ; introduces Bower to 
 
 Mrs. Montagu, ii. |6 ; his " ever- 
 
 green-nevergreen " garden, ii. 19 ; 
 
 Paymaster to Chelsea Hospital, ii. 
 
 51, 52, 85 ; death of son, ii. 68 ; his 
 
 death, ii. 86, 87 ; his letters to Mrs. 
 
 Montagu, ii. 9, 24, 28, 30-32, 42- 
 
 44. 54, S7. 63, 71.. 77. 81; Mrs. 
 
 Montagu's letters to, i. 294, 295 ; ii. 
 
 8. 9. >7. 19, 20, 25, 41, 43, 46, 47, 
 
 SS. 60, 61. 65, 71. 73. 74. 78, 82, 83, 
 
 86 
 
 West, Mrs. Gilbert T. (Catherine 
 
 Bartlett), i. 90, 278, 279 ; ii. 1,4, 10, 
 
 16, 18, 30, 32, 40, 63, 68, 71, 86, 88 ; 
 
 letter from Mrs. Montagu, ii. 21 
 
 West, Maria (Viscountess Bridport), i. 
 
 278 ; ii. 10, 23, 30, 32, 40, 57, 86, 
 
 87,92, IIS, 13s 
 
 West, Dr. Richard, i. 278 
 
 West, Richard, ii. 12, 25, 38, 54, 63, 
 
 68,71 
 West, Admiral Temple, ii. i, 57, 83, 
 
 87, 89, 90 
 West, Mrs. Temple, ii. 22 
 Westcote, of Ballymore, William 
 
 Henry, Baron, i. 284 ; ii. 32 ; 
 
 Governor of South Carolina, ii. 68, 
 
 78 ; Governor of Jamaica, ii. 182 
 Westmorland, Lord, i. 90, 104 
 Wey Hill Fair, ii. 57 
 Weymouth, Lady, i. 50 
 Wharton, Duke of, i. 60 
 Wheatears, i. 160, 200, 286 ; ii. 197 
 Whiston, Mr., ii. 223 
 Whitehead, Paul, ii. 84 
 Widdrington, Lady, i. 39 
 Willes, John, Lord Chief Justice, i. 
 
 222 ; ii. 217 
 William Rufus, i. 204, 247 
 William of Wickham, i. 247 
 Williams, Sir Charles Hanbury, ii.iJS, 
 
 124 
 Williams, Lady Frances, ii. 115, 124, 
 
 162, 216, 247 
 
 Williams, Mrs., ii. 161, 162 
 
 Williamson, Mr., i. 142 
 
 Wilmington, Earl of, i. 100 
 
 Wilmot, Elizabeth (Countess Sand- 
 wich), ii. 113 
 
 Wilmot, Dr., i. 162, 254 
 
 Wilson, Dr., ii. 217 
 
 Wilton House, Lord Pembroke's place, 
 i. 249 
 
 Wimpole, Lord Oxford's seat, i. 7 
 
 Winchester, Dr., ii. 17 
 
 Winchester Cathedral, i. 247 
 
 Winchilsea, Lady (Molly Palmer), i. 
 21 
 
 Winchilsea, Daniel, 7th Earl of, i. 21 
 
 Winchilsea, Daniel, 8th Earl of, i. 102 
 
 Windsor, Lord, i. 166 
 
 Windsors, Miss, i. 39 
 
 Winnington, Mr., i. 100 
 
 Witney blankets, i. 179 
 
 Woffington, Margaret, i. 92, 93 
 
 Wolfe, Brigadier-General, ii. ISi, 140, 
 
 I5S. 172 
 Woodward, Dr. John, geologist, i. 241 
 Worksop Manor, i. 125 
 Wortley, Mrs. Anne, i. 51 
 Wortley, Sir Francis, i. 237 
 Wortley, Sidney (Montagu), i. 237 
 Wright, John, publisher, ii. 161 
 Wye river, ii. 112 
 
 Yarmouth, Lady (Amelia S. de Wal- 
 moden), ii. 126, 154 
 
 York, county meeting at, i. 209 
 
 Yorke, Mr., ii. 217 
 
 Yorke, Mrs., i. 129, 194, 19S 
 
 Yorke, General, ii. 142, 143, 154 
 
 Young, Dr. Edward (Night Thoughts), 
 i. S9-6i, 84, 85, 90, 91, 95, 133. 
 169, 199, 202-204, 213; ii. 199, 
 200, 236, 250 ; Clerk of the Closet, 
 ii. 249This letters to Mrs. Montagu, 
 ii. 240, 248, 251, 257 ; designation, 
 ii. 257 
 
 Young, Sir William, 1. 100, 235 
 
 Zincke, Christian Frederick, miniature 
 
 painter, i. 45-48 
 Zomdorff, battle of, ii. 142 
 
 THE END. 
 
 VOL. n. 
 
PRINTED BV 
 
 WILLIAM CLOWES AND SONS, LIMITED, 
 
 LONDON AND BECCLES. 
 

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