! .1 P 5 J ) t:^ o cr Ml if 06 THE GIFT OF ...U..Si ,..D jjnjudjdx 0, 631 1,405,646 274,916 233, 430 103, 661 510,026 407,517 223,774 4,58, 762 683, 631 466,368 419, 397 2,654,772 467,669 424,260 183,725 1,190,156 -- 4 6 1 1 10 18 2 8 6 1 1 2 2 4 6 4 3 4 12 9 4 6 3 4 218 92 67 78 193 209 1,293 862 390 810 28 4 6 21 41 9 20 9 3 4 1 40 407, 517 223, 771 4.5;, 762 .577,981 430, 128 419, 397 2, 6-52, ,572 267, 669 205, 500 37, 895 1,119,136 378,190 203, 000 438, 191 534,700 4.58, 000 439, 360 2,377,346 220,318 197, 000 38,296 1,047,887 1 1 8 16 6 5 3 1 J- 1 1 3 1 6 3 A 5 ■- 1 6 1 2" 7 1 3 3 1 8 q 1 2 15 10 2,250 3,175 11 5 15 4 2 1 12 483,230 306,458 15, 846 34,993 467,384 271,465 3,896,432 2,219,239 7,480,020 4,476,816 17 70 60 122 .54 59 22 22 11 6 12 8 I 2 59 91 4,240 2,601 158 263 6,796,331 4, 138, 538 6,332,318 3,911,468 13 14 Uuminating and heating, 1; hardware, saddlery, 1; hats and caps, not including wool hats, 1; hosiery and knit goods, 1; ice, artificial, 2; ironwork, architectural and ornamental, 1; kaolin and other earth grinding, 1; lime and cement, 6 lioviors, malt, 2; lock and gun smithing, 4; looking glass and picture frames, 3 lumber and timber products, 1; malt, 1; marble and stone work, 3; mattresses and spring beds, 2; millinery, custom work, 11; mineral and soda waters, 1 modeb and patterns, 1; monuments and tombstones, 3; musical Instruments, organ a'ld materials, 2; paper hangings, 2; patent medicines and compounds, 4 paving and paving materials, 2; photography, 5; printing and publishing, book and job, 11; printing and pnb.ishing, newspapers and periodicals, 7; saddlery and harness, 8; safes and vaults, 1; shirts, 4; silk and silk goods, 2; soap and candles, 1; steam fittings and heating apparatus, 1; stereotyping and electi'o- typing, 1; tinsmithing, coppersmithing, and sheet iron working, 11; tobacco, chewing, smoking, and snuff, 1; umbrellas and canes, 1; washing machines and clotlies wringei-s, 1; watch, clock, and jewelry repairing, 13; wlrework, includ- ing wire rope and cable, 2. \^ ^"^^ °^J, Cornell University Library The original of this book is in the Cornell University Library. There are no known copyright restrictions in the United States on the use of the text. http://www.archive.org/details/cu31924030393205 Twelfth Census of the United States. Census Bulletin. No. 2, Special. WASHINGTON, D. C. March 30, 1901. MANUFACTURES: DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA. Hon. William R. Mbeeiam, Director of the Census. SiE : I transmit herewith for publication in bulletin form a condensed statement of the statistics of manufactures and mechanical industries for the District of Columbia for the census year 1900, taken in accordance with the provisions of section 1 of the act of March 3, 1899. This section requires that "The schedules of inquiries relating to the products of manufacturing and mechanical establishments shall embrace the name and location of each establishment ; character of organization, whether individual, cooperative, or other form ; date of commencement of operations ; char- acter of business or kind of goods manufactured ; amount of capital invested ; number of proprietors, iirm members, copartners, or officers, and the amount of their salaries; number of employees, and the amount of their wages; quantity and cost of materials used in manufactures; amount of miscellaneous expenses ; quantity and value of products ; time in operation during the census year ; char- acter and quantity of power used ; and character and num- ber of machines employed." In each of the above particulars, the requirements of the law have been observed, but certain of the data thus elicited are reserved for publication in the final volumes. In accordance with the further provisions of section 7, the collection of the statistics of manufactures and mechanical industries in the District of Columbia was withdrawn from the enumerators and assigned to special agents. Mr. Harrison Dingman, of Washington, was appointed Chief Special Agent for the District, and author- ized to employ 1 8 assistant agents. The total cost of the collection of these statistics for the District was |3,959.95. In drafting the schedules of inquiry for the census of 1900 pains were taken to preserve the basis of compari- son with the census of 1890. The inquiry concerning capital invested, while differing slightly in arrangement, was intended to elicit the same items and to cover the total amount of capital -both owned and borrowed - invested in the business. CP5M At the census of 1890, the average number of persons employed during the entire year was called for, and also the average number employed at stated weekly rates of pay. At the census of 1900, the greatest and least numbers of employees were reported, and also the average number employed during each month of the year. The average number of wage-earners (men, women, and children) em- ployed during the entire year was ascertained by using 12, the number of calendar months, as a divisor into the total of the average numbers reported for each month. This slight difference in the method of ascertaining the average number of wage-earners during the entire year, may have resulted in a variation in the number, and should be con- sidered in making comparisons. At the census of 1890, the number and salaries of pro- prietors and firm members actively engaged in the busi- ness or in supervision were reported, together with their salaries, and in cases where salaries were not actually paid to proprietors and firm members, the amount that would ordinarily be paid for similar services was estimated. At the census of 1900, only the number of proprietors and firm members actively engaged in the industry or in super- vision was ascertained, and no salaries were reported for this class. It is, therefore, impossible to compare the number and salaries of salaried ofpoials of any character for the two censuses. Washington is not a manufacturing city in the general significance of the term, and it follows that nearly all the industries reported in 1900 — 123 in number — were of the kind which may be described as neighborhood industries, i. e., industries embracing establishments engaged in the production or repairing of articles for local consumption solely, including the so-called hand trades, such as carpen- tering, masonry, painting, repairing of every description, dressmaking, custom tailoring, etc.; and also industries carried on in connection with mercantile pursuits ; all of which are not manufactures in a large sense, but rather the "mechanical industries" contemplated by the census act. It is doubtful if any considerable proportion of the prod- ucts of the establishments in the District, valued at |4T,667,622, is shipped outside of Washington for con- sumption elsewhere. The percentage of increase shows a healthy and gratifying growth, and indicates that the number of small shops in which the various mechanical industries are pursued has increased in Washington in keeping with the general increase in population. Table 1 contains a comparative statement of the manu- facturing and mechanical industries of the District of Columbia, as returned at the censuses of 1880, 1890, and 1900. Table 1.— COMPARATIVE SUMMARY: 1900, 1890, 1880. 1900 1890 1880 PERCENT- AGE OF INOKEASE. ITEM9. 1890 to 1900. 1880 to 1890. Number of establishmentai ._ 2 754 $41,98i;246 24,693 $14,643,714 $4,433,652 $19,369,571 $47,667,622 2,210 $28,652,132 20,334 $12,224,752 $1,565,138 $17,024,972 $38,971,419 951 $5,486,126 7,108 $3,902,349 $5,318,360 $11,770,476 24.6 46.5 21.4 19.8 183.3 13.8 22.3 132.4 422.3 Average rnimber of employ- ees. Wages — 186.1 213.3 Miscellaneous expenses Cost of materials 220.1 Value of products, including custom work and repair- ing. 231.1 278,718 24,693 8.9 $176,567,549 .612,922,307 7.3 230,392 20,334 8.8 $137,626,419 §10,835,034 7.9 177,624 7,1 OS 4.0 21.0 21.4 29.7 Engaged^in manufactures Percentage of manufacturing employees to total popula- tion. 186.1 28.3 20.5 Capital— land and buildings- invested in manufactures. 3 Percentageinvested in manu- factures. W 1 Exclusive of penal, eleemosynary, and educational establishments, and those "with product under $500. 2 Not reported. 8 Does not include value of hired property. * Figures not accessible for 1880. Certain industries reported at the census of 1890 were omitted in the census of 1900, namely: electric light and power, mechanical dentistry, dressmaking when done by dressmakers who work at their homes and employ no help, the trimming and finishing of coffins and burial cases carried on in connection with an undertaking business, and the manufacture of druggists' preparations by retail druggists. For the purpose of comparison, therefore, the totals in these industries as returned in the censuses of 1880 and 1890 have been excluded from the above table, which accounts for the slight variation from the figures reported at these censuses. Table 1 shows an investment of 141,981,245 in carrying on the manufacturing and mechanical industries of the District in the census year, divided as follows : Land --- - $5,634,958 Buildings - 7,287,349 Machinery, etc. 15,738,779 Total i$28,661,086 Live capital 13,320,159 Grand total... $41,981,245 In addition to the above amount, $860,000 was reported as invested in 3 establishments that were idle during the eensus year. One of these was a paper mill ; one, a brick yard ; and one, an opaque glass blowing works. The live capital includes cash on hand, bills receivable, unsettled ledger accounts, raw materials, stock in process of manufacture, finished products on hand, and other sundries. 1 Exclusive of hired property, for which there was paid a rental of $678,639. Table 3.— MANUFACTURING STATISTICS INDUSTRIES. Num- ber of estab- lish- ments. Capital. Pro- prie- tors and firm mem- bers. salaried employees. AVERAGE NUMBER OF WAGE-EARNERS AND TOTAL WAGES. Total. Men, 16 years and over. Women, 16 years 1 and over. Children, un- der 16 years. Num- ber. Salaries. Aver- age num- ber. Wages. Aver- age num- ber. Wages. Aver- age num- ber. Wages. Aver- age num- ber. Wages. 2,754 $U, 981, 245 3,024 2,083 $1,833,437 24,693 $14,643,714 20,415 $12,449,136 4,162 $2,176,195 116 $18,383 1 Brick and tile _- 11 618 21 6 9 16 4 4 10 16 72 60 715,840 1,900,375 141,306 256,200 198, 066 1, 431, 764 629, 992 2,298,704 252,397 314, 765 794,400 2,233,897 12 705 27 8 15 19 2 2 11 17 88 51 17 226 2 5 18 24 16 35 20 108 36 301 16,304 173,909 1,212 6,300 13,450 30,836 14,310 66, 104 16,095 32, 826 30,620 289,566 437 4,992 154 109 84 307 83 191 235 63 684 600 166,483 2,958,762 71, 382 37,594 80,848 176,214 40,603 140, 690 109,558 16,177 340,495 393,220 437 4,984 153 109 84 807 83 191 233 18 553 477 166,483 2,957,698 71,128 37,594 30,848 175,214 40, 603 140, 690 109,242 6,968 297,914 863, 083 1 " Building trades i _ 8 1 1,064 254 5 6 7 8 Clay and pottery products Flouring and grist mill products Foundry and machine shop products.. Ice, artificial ... Liquors, malt 10 11 12 13 Lumber, planing miD products, includ- ing sash, doors, and blinds. Patent medicines and compounds Printing and publishing, book and job- Printing and publishing, newspapers and periodicals. Total for selected indtjsteies- All other industries 2 - 2 316 45 121 105 9,209 40,491 27,229 10 18 2,090 2,908 14 15 847 1,907 11,167,685 30,813,660 957 2,067 808 1,275 681,631 1,151,906 7,939 16,754 4,481,026 10,162,688 7,629 12,786 4,397,465 8,051,671 271 3,891 76,929 2,099,266 39 77 6,632 11,751 1 Embraces carpentering, 196; masonry, brick and stone, 71; painting, house, sign, etc., 132; paper hanging, 55: plastering and stucco work, 14; plumb- ing and gas fitting, 136; roofing and roofing materials, 14. 2 Embraces artificial feathers and flowers, 1; artificial limbs, 2; awnings, tents, and sails, 6; baskets and lattun and willow ware, 3; bicycle and tricycle repairing, 78; billiard ta,bles anri materials, 1; blaclcsmlthing and wheelwright- ing, 166; bookbinding and Idaiik book making, 7; boot and shoe uppers, 1; boots and shoes, custom work jind repairing, -03; bottling, 16; boxes, cigar, 1; boxes, fancy and paper, 3; brass (.'.istlngs imd brass finishing, 1; bread and other bakery products, 106; brooms and brnslies, 4; carpets, rag, 2; cars and general shop construction and repiiifs liv steam railroad companies, 2; cars and general shop construction and rejBiir.s by street railroad companies, 1; chemicals, 1; china decorating, 5; clothing, men's, custom work and repairing, 172; clothing, women s dressmaking, 125; coffee and spice, roasting and grinding, 5; confec- =!,'i?Jft7'r, ■,5°°j'*^''?-^!',^' corsets, 3; druggists' preparations, not including pre- «f;?,?tn^;„^'.f'^°""^o "f®"^H' 1.: 'iy<3°g ^^^^ cleaning 35; eleotricaf con- fix JtS} ^•^^iy,T-'^'''' ?K' electroplating, 3; engraving and diesinking, 7; engrav- eK^PwwVs,.»SfliT ^^'^'Z P?;^"*'"?. 5; engravers' materials, 1; fancy articles not wiiif 1 . ?if *''^-^' ^' 'ertihzere, 6; flsh, canning and pr^erving, 1; flags and nnhinpA,il,^r°"°^ extracts, 1; food preparatiSns, 5;'fur good!, 6; fuSiture, S^?^= ™^lv,fj;''P'""';S, and upholstering, 97; g^, iUmSinatiiig and heat H,f^ 1 •*Sr»?i^„T*'','i"^ meters, 2; glass cutting, stakJlng, and oSlmenting, 2; fncludi'nl tml w,*?"?"^' ^'.^"'^ ^?''^' ^' hant Stamps, 3; hats and caps, not ZSs ?>?oT»s??n^»V' ^ ' i'™?'' tonishing goods not elsewhere specified, 1 ; Instru- S-^?4ff,^ 9? £?^^Hv ""^ scientific, 5; iron work, aichitectural and ornamental, 10, jewelry, 2; kindling wood, 9; leather goods, 1; lime and cement, 6; lltho- The capital of $41,981,245 was utilized in the manu- facture of a product of the value of $47,667,622. There was expended to obtain this product, $14,643,714 for wages, $19,369,571 for materials, and $4,433,652 for miscella- neous expenses, such as rent, taxes, ordinary repairs, and sundries. It is not to be assumed, however, that the dif- ference between the aggregate of these sums and the value of the product is in any sense indicative of the profits of the establishments reported. The census schedule takes no cognizance of the cost of selling manufactured articles, of interest on capital invested, of mercantile losses incurred in the business, or of depreciation in plant. The value of the product given is the value as obtained or fixed at the factory or shop. This statement is necessary in order to avoid erroneous conclusions from the figures presented. In the same table is included the population at each of these censuses, and also the assessed valuation of real prop- erty in the District of Columbia for 1890 and 1900. The percentage of increase in the value of manufactured prod- ucts is about the same as the percentage of increase in population and assessed valuation. Some of the percent- ages of increase for the decade between 1880 and 1890 are abnormal, due largely to the much closer canvass at the census of 1890. It appears also that the number of persons employed in the establishments reporting was 8.9 per cent of the total population of the District in 1900. The reports for the census of 1890 include the returns from all governmental establishments in the District, embracing the several executive departments, the United States Navy Yard, the Government Printing Office, the Bureau of Engraving and Printing, etc. They also include the returns of educational, penal, and eleemosynary insti- tutions in which mechanical industries are carried on. It is impossible to separate the private establishments from these governmental and public establishments in the cen- sus of 1890, but the separation, which presents the statistics for all classes of establishments reported, is shown in table 2 for the census of 1900. Table 2.— SUMMARY FOR ALL ESTABLISHMENTS. OHAEAOTER OF ESTABLISHMENTS. Number of estab- lishments. Capital. Proprie- tors and firm mem- bers. Average number of em- ployees.! Wages.i Miscella- neous expenses. Cost of materials used. Value of prod- ucts. Includ- ing custom work and re- pairing. 8,173 $42,081,065 3,445 24,842 914,692,806 $4,462,791 $19,451,085 $47,902,109 Establishments, exclusive of governmental, penal, eleemosy- nary, educational, and with a product of less than $500. 2,669 85 40 379 24,339,135 17,652,110 41,357 68,463 3,024 16,297 8,396 107 42 8, 286, 337 6,357,377 42,089 7,003 4,153,819 279,833 3,409 15,730 16,638,467 2,731,104 50, 877 30, 637 37,780,267 9,887,355 133 176 Penal, eleemosynary, and educational _ 17 404 With product of less than 8500 lOli 311 > Exclusive of the number of proprietors and firm members; also officers of corporations, superintendents, managers, clerks, and salesmen and their salaries. OF SELECTED INDUSTRIES. MISCELLANEOUS EXPENSES. Cost of materials used. Value of products, including custom work and repairing. ESTABLISHMENTS GEOUPED BY NUMEEE OF EMPLOYEES. FOWEE USED. COMPARISON OF PEODUCTS. Total. Eent of works. All other. No em- ploy- ees. Un- der 5. 5 to 20. 21 to 50. 61 to 100. 101 to 250. 251 to 600. 501 to 1000. Over 1000. Num- ber of estab- lish- ments report> ing. Horse power. Num- ber of estab- lish- ments reports iug, both years. Value for census year. Value for preceding business year. $4,433,652 $678,664 $3,754,988 $19,319,571 $47,667,622 396 1,353 723 221 37 17 4 8 852 19, 007 2,436 $44,148,510 $41,687,731 1 84,926 1,435,949 8,502 8,406 18,167 147,864 36,979 650, 902 106,014 45,723 69,867 411,596 400 87,392 5, 255 125 5,155 8,766 8,900 2,400 30,073 3,079 22,962 23,526 34,526 1,348,557 3,247 8,281 13,012 139, 098 28,079 648,602 75,941 42,644 46, 905 388,070 62, 569 5,172,908 57,023 28,385 537, 690 257,738 61, 267 286, 653 204,979 45,779 195,469 288,491 364,142 11,521,077 191,645 117, 003 632,764 761,458 182,575 1,340,041 498,744 272, 570 815,101 1,846,535 5 89 1 1 3 2 2 2 3 ""V 7 5 2 1 8 7 12 1 4 9 18 4 4 9 1 43 15 502 12 25 827 686 180 1,460 1,823 514 35 264 390 11 667 20 6 8 14 8 8 8 11 65 51 864,142 10,135,405 186,570 117,003 602, 754 725,458 149,500 1,174,973 859,668 223, 292 738,275 1,819,560 876,029 8,814,004 169,146 110, 811 604, 379 587,850 146,000 891,940 289,870 152,513 683,779 1,612,874 2 26 1 166 4 2 4 200 16 2 2 8 1 3 4 1 8 6 6 1 1 1 2 5 1 7 8 1 1 9 5 2 4 3 3 34 20 2 6 25 25 10 11 1 3 12 / 18 , 2,974,895 1,458,757 198, 033 480,631 2,776,862 978, 126 7,198,951 12, 170, 620 18,633,545 29, 134, 077 38 358 236 1,117 287 436 120 101 24 13 10 7 122 230 6,158 12,849 767 1,669 16,596,695 27,546,915 14,428,194 27, 259, 537 14 4 3 15 eraDhinK and engraving, 3; lock and guii smithing, 29; looking-glass and picture Sames^e- marble and stone work, 22; mattresses and spring beds, 8; miflmery, Sm worS 73; millinery and lace goods, 1; mineral and soda waters 11; mod- plTand natterns 8; monuments and tombstones, 10; musical instruments, organs, fnd materials i; Oleomargarine, 2; paints, 1; paper goods, not elsewhere speci- fied ™plvfiS aid paving matenals 17; perfumery and cosmetics, 4; photog- ^f^i.t' Sfi- n^oto-lfthographing and photo-engravmg, 3; printing materials, 1 ?eJilia kn? societrbliners and emblems, 2; saddlery and harness, 39; sewing machfne rSai?°ng 8; shipbuilding, 3; shirts, 5; slaughtering and meat packing ^ 1 Jiif fi- alaiiehtering wholesale, not including meat packing, 1; soap and "l^'^ipf ?'• snortSig go"df 1; stamped ware, 1; stationery goods, not elsewhere ™ec1fled i- ?mSclllppliances, 2; taxidermy, 3; tinsmithfug, coppersmithing, ind sheet iion working, 106; tobacco, cigars, and cigarettes, 42; toys and games. 2; typewriter repairing, 4; typewriters and supplies, 1; umbrellas and canes, 2; vinegar and cider, 2; watch, clock, and jewelry repairing, 96; window shades, 5; wirework, including wire rope and cable, 4; (vood, turned and carved, 8; also governmental establishments as follows: Ammunition, 1; blacksmithing and wheelwrighting, 4; bookbinding and blank book making, 2; boxes, wooden packing, 1; carpentering, 18; clothing, men's, custom work and repairing, 1; coffins, burial cases, and undertakers' goods, 1; engraving, steel, including plate printing, 5; foundry and machine shop products, 6; furniture, cabinetmaking, repairing, and upholstering, 8; leather goods, 1; lock and gun smithing, 3; ma- sonry, brick and stone, 3; models and patterns, 2; ordnanoe\nd ordnance stores, 1; painting, house, sign, etc., 8; photography, 8; plumbing and gas fitting, 6; printing and publishing, book and job, 4; taxidermy, 1; tinsmithing, copper- smithing, and sheet iron working, 1. 4 This table shows that 20.6 per cent of the total value of the products of the manufacturing and mechanical indus- tries of the District of Columbia was the product of gov- ernmental establishments and institutions. At previous censuses, all establishments that reported a product valued at less than $500 were omitted from the tabulation. At the census of 1900 the special agents and enumerators were instructed to take reports from all estab- lishments covered by the terms of the census law, irrespec- tive of the value of their product. Of such establishments, 379 were reported for the District of Columbia, showing a total product of 8101,311. The totals for these estab- lishments are separately reported in table 2, in order that the basis of comparison may be preserved. In classifying the manufacturing industries of the District of Columbia, each of the reports received from the 2,754 establishments was assigned to one of 123 generi;;; groups of industries, according to its product of chief value. Table 3 gives the statistics of certain selected industries in the District of Columbia of the most import- ance as determined by value of product, and the total for the group of industries classed as building trades. It also contains the statistics of the remaining industries grouped. The full details regarding these remaining industries will be presented in the final volumes. Very respectfully, Chief Statistician for Manufactures. icf^^^m