6e97 t9l| CORNELL UNIVERSITY LIBRARY GIFT OF Indiana University — *-™ PA 6697 C ATl9i n i Ver8l,y ^ Sele ifiHS!iM»iiffi.„9Lf ublius Papinius Stat DATE DUE If O^m ^Sp*" - m 3& QPTft ,**^ GAYLOBD PRINTED IN US A. ^H •-• . Sltsilgj Cornell University Library The original of this book is in the Cornell University Library. There are no known copyright restrictions in the United States on the use of the text. http://www.archive.org/details/cu31924026518922 PA 669 7 AS Oil PUBLIUS PAPINIUS STATIUS OF Selected Silvae SELECTED SILVAE OF PUBLIUS PAPINIUS STATIUS ^ WITH INTRODUCTION AND NOTES BY JOSEPH HENRY HOWARD, Ph. D. , PROFESSOR OF LATIN IN THE UNIVERSITY OF SOUTH DAKOTA. 1911 KB UUUAiO PREFACE The recent revival of interest in the Silvae of Statius, as evidenc- ed by the appearance within a comparatively short time, of several recensions of the text, the notable German edition of Vollmer, Slater's translation into English prose, and many monographs and articles deal- ing with the poems and their author eppears to warrant the hope that an edition, comprising selected portions of the Silvae with English notes, will not be unwelcome or superfluous. The lack of an available text with English notes accounts, doubtless, for the relatively slight attention given, in this country, to the poems hitherto, and furnishes a sufficient excuse for the preparation of such a work. In making the study, I have availed myself of the results of the labors of the many who have toiled in this field, and have endeavored to make my investigation as thoro as is possible without a personal examination of the manuscripts. I acknowledge myself indebted to all who have published books and articles on the poems and the author, and especially to Vollmer, whose exhaustive treatise has left little room for later editors to add anything new. In the main, the text follows that of Elotz (Leipzig 1899). Variations from that, exclusive of numerous changes in punctuation and orthography, are given in a table following the notes. The texts of Phillimore and Vollmer also were compared with that of Klotz. In a few instances, I have noted, in the coirmentary, one or more readings proposed for a word or phrase, where the meaning of the text is difficult to determine; but no discussion of the different readings offered by the manuscripts is attempted. My desire to throw what I considered needed light on numerous obscure allusions in the poems, and to help the student to understand the involved style, strange inversions, and unusual meanings of words, frequently employed by the author, led me to give, in the commentary, an English version of many passages. I hope that this will appear justifiable, in the treatment of the work of a writer so hard to interpret. Since it is assumed that the Silvae are not ordinarily read before the junior year, no place has been given in the notes to the more common grammatical usages, and there has been no specific reference to any grammar. The seventeen poems selected do not include all of those which are usually classed as the best, and a few, such as the fourth in Book II and the fifth and ninth in Book IV, would have been omitted, perhaps, by some editors. It was my plan to present poems which were, on the whole, of interesting content, and, at the same time, such as woujd show the author* s manner in the treatment of widely different themes. CONTENTS Introduction Page Life of Statius 1 ■' 'Works Poetic Talent Cha meter Text Sil varum Lib, I 7 I« Equs Maximus Domitiani Imp. III. Villa Tiburtina Manili Vopisci V. Balneum Claudi Etrusci VI. Kalendae Decembres; Sil varum Lib, II 17 II. Villa Surrentina Polli Felix III. Arbor Atedi Melioris IV. Psittacus Eiusdem VI. Consolatio ad Plavium Ursum d© Amissione Pueri Delicati VIII Genethliacon Eucani rad Pollam Sil varum Lib. Ill 28 II. Propempticon Maecio Celeri III. Consolatio ad Claudium Etruscum V. Ecloga ad Uxorem Sil varum Lib. IV 38 V. Ode Lyrica ad Septimium Severum VIII. Gratulatio ad Iulium Menecraten IX. Hendeca.syllabi Iocosi ad Plotium Grypum Silvarum Lib, V 44 IV. Somnus V. Epicedion in Puerum Suum Notes 47 Variations from the Text of Klotz (Leipzig 1899) 110 iii INTRODUCTION. Life of Statius P. Papinius Statius was; born at Naples,, probably between 40 and 45 A.D. , and died there toward the close of the century, perhaps 96 A.D. Much of his life was spent at Rome, He married there a talented Roman lady of literary tastes, Claudia, widow of a musician. The poet tells us that she was a faithful and sympathetic critic of his verses. His father, who came to Naples when a young man, from some town in southern Italy, it is thought, was faned for his unequaled skill at improvising in verse and for his unprecedented success as a public declaimer. He took part in many contests in Italy and Greece and was victorious as often as he appeared. He was also a noted teacher. To him came many young men, some from a distance, for instruction in literature, music and declamation. The son received all his education, apparently, from his father. Pew of the details of the life of the younger Statius are known to us, doubtless because it was, in the main, a quiet and uneventful one, devoted to literary labors. From his own writings, particularly the Silvae, we glean all the information we have. We learn what studiea he and the other youths in his father's school pursued. Certain masterpieces of Greek literature were made the basis, of in- struction^ There was constant and severe training in verse composition and recitation. The unparalleled facility which the father possessed in improvising he sought to impart to his son. While still quite young, the latter won prizes at declamatory contests in his native city. Later in life, after the death of his father, which occurred about 80 A.D., he was thrice crowned victor insimilar, but far more important contests, at Alba, His failure to secure the prize at the Capitolia in Rome, about 94 A.D., brought him great and lasting dis- appointment. It is probable that this, together with ill*health and a growing lack of interest in the attractions of t he capital, caused him to return to Naples, at this time, where he spent the few re* maining years of his life in writing. The year following his return appears to have been one of the most productive periods. His ancestry was not plebeian, he himself tells us. Of his mother nothing is known. He had no children of his own. An adopted son, for whom he had a deep and sincere love, died in early youth. His wife's daughter from her first marriage, a charming and highly endowed young woman, was a much admired member of his household. He inherited no wealth, apparently, for he composed a play which he Sold to the actor Paris, and paid court to the wealthy that he might receive from them favors. It was\ thus, doubtless, that he gained a modest competence, altho he does not mention any such gifts. Whether he taught, as his father had done, is not known. He had a small estate in the Alban hills, and a home in Naples. The only ancient author who mentions Statius is Juvenal, Sat. VII, 83. The passage testifies to the extraordinary popularity of the poet as a public declaimer and also to his lack of wealth, altho with the exaggeration characteristic of satire. His Works. The extant writings of Statius consist of one complete epic poem, the Thebaid, in twelve books, a fragment of another epic poem, the Achilleid, of which only the first book and a part of the second were completed, and a collection of thirty- two short miscellaneous poems, to which their author gave the name Silvae, We learn from the passage in Juvenal's seventh satire, cited above, that Statius -com- posed, for the stage, a pantomime entitled Agave. This has hot sur- vived. Concerning certain other poems which he planned and perhaps began, we have no definite information. To the composition of the Thebaid, upon which, along with the fragmentary Achilleid, the poet's fame chiefly rests, were devoted twelve years of patient, persistent labor, 80 to 92 A.D. The poem has some great merits, numerous beauties, and a certain amount of charm, but is marred by many faults, not a few of which are grave. The versification is smooth and flowing, the technical execution per- fect. There are many fine descriptions and similes, poetic forms in which Statius especially excelled, but these are regularly far too long and tedious. Imagination is not lacking, but it is not of a high order. Some true poetic feeling is shown, but this comes far short of genuine inspiration. There is pronounced lack of truth and reality in much of the thought and sentiment. There is excessive use of rhetoric, mythology, and unattractive learning in general. The work, as a whole, may be called brilliant, but it is, never-the-less, dull and uninteresting because of its artificiality, lack of pro- portion, and other blemishes and deficiencies. If read in selections, its defects are not so pronounced and the praiseworthy features please more. The work became immediately famous and popular and was much studied and imitated by later poets. The Achilleid has, in general, the faults and merits of the Thebaid. There is a slight improvement in the style. The speeches and descriptions are no less lengthy and tiresome, but there is not so much ranting, and the language is lessi bombastic and involved. The Silvae sre the most attractive of his works. All of these that have been preserved, xvith the possible exception of the one addressed to the god Somnus (V,4), were written in the poet's last years. A part of the last poem in Book V is lacking, and it is thought possible that we have only a portion of the original collection of poems. The Silvae were all hastily composed upon subjects which had been proposed by friends or patrons or suggested by some object, incident or occasion. The author is at -his best in those not written to order. The element of haste was due partly to the. nature of the commissions' given by patrons, whose interest might wane unless the compositions were immediately forth-coming, but in large measure, also , to the ambition of the poet to finish his task in the briefest time possible and thereby furnish proof of his matchless skill. The word silva meant in the language of the rhetoricians, a hastily composed piece. Statius tells us that he did not spend more than two days upon any of his. Some are virtually true improvisations. The one containing sixty-five verses, in which he describes the Baths of Btruscus (l,5) he prepared within the time spent as a guest at a dinner-party. With either real or pretended modesty, he speaks of them rather deprecat- ingly, as if he looked upon them as trifles in the nature of praelusiones , which he gave to the public with misgivings and after much hesitation. We learn from Quinti'lian (X,3,17) that it was a regular practice of those who wrote such pieces, in the school, to revise the vocabulary and meter, but to leave them otherwise just as they had been thrown off, with all the other marks of hasty composi- tion. This much revision, at least, Statius must have given his poems. For having placed so much stress upon the element of haste, by boasting of it in several places, as if he would give the impression that no changes or corrections were afterward made, the poet has been sharply criticized. In the prose preface to the first book, he tells us that he fears the poems themselves will show that they were prepared in haste. The Silvae were, apparently, held in no such high esteem, in ancient times, as the opics were. A single quotation of three verses (111,3,128 to 130) has been found on an African tomb, dating from the third or fourth century, it is thought. Following this time, there are only a few widely scattered references to, and brief quotations from, the poems, till the fifteenth century. In recent years they have been growing in popularity, until, at the present time, they are the only poems of Statius which are widely read and highly prized. The general verdict now appears to be that, if he had given his energies exclusively to the creation of such poems as the Silvae, for which he was peculiarly fitted, his place in literature would be a higher one and his fame more lasting. In all but six of the thirty- two poems, the dactylic hexameter is employed. This was the measure in which Statius could improvise most rapidly, because of his long practice in the use of it. In the remaining six, different lyric meters are tried, in a few with poor success. Of the poem in the Alcaic meter (IV,5) and the one in the Sapphic (IV, 7), Ribbeck says "Die Verse klingen matt und def Ihhalt ist flach". About half of the whole number are descriptions; elegies, lyrics, epigrams and a letter make up the other half. No Latin poems before these had been given wholly to description, so that these were the first representatives of a new kind of writing. Because some of these concern themselves with works of art, one writer credits the author with having originated "la critique d' art" . And for the reason that the topics treated, in general, are so varied and the poet wrote "quasi quotidianos commentaries", the same writer suggests that he be called 'the father of journalism' ♦ The Silvae "are valuable to us chiefly because they present a vivid picture of certain phases of Roman life in the first century A.D. Statius lived on terms of intimate friendship, it appears, with many rich and cultured Romans, or, at least, was a welcome visitor in their homes. By describing the villas, baths, gardens, art possessions, and the luxurious appointments and costly building materials of the houses of this class of people, and by giving us glimpses of their home life, social usages, employments and interests, he performed an invaluable service for the modern world. Some attach additional value to the poems because they are pleasing specimens of the fruits of an art highly valued by the people of anoient Italy, i.e., that of improvising in verse. The real purpose which the poet had in view when he composed these slight pieces was, doubtless, to please and win the favor of those in whose interest he wrote, if not also to earn his bread, as some believe. It is difficult to persuade one's self that he did not re- 1 Claretie, De P. Papinii Statii Silvis, P. 85. ceive substantial acknowledgments of these complimentary sketches, even tho he did not resort, as his contemporary, Martial, did, to direct and open requests for aid. The language is, in general, that of the poets of the Augustan age. Yet Statius did revive old meanings of words and coin numerous new ones. His Poetic Talent. Statius was the most eminent poet of the last half of the first century A.D. This, however, is not the same as saying that he was one of the great poets. While it is true that the poetic ability of Statius has been pretty generally admitted to be of n. high, tho by no means of the highest, order, there have not been lacking those who have expressed a decidedly unfavorable opinion. And yet it appears that the most severe of his critics based their views upon a partial and, frequently, upon a superficial acquaintance with his writings. Ardent admirers and partisans can not deny that he has faults. Some who give him first place among the poets of his time believe that his faults and deficiencies are of such magnitude that he must take rank as a quite inferior writer, if judged by an absolute standard. Certain of his more serious shortcomings have been already noted in the paragraphs which bear on the epics. Others may be mentioned here. The writers of his age, with perhaps the exception of Martial, are accused of borrowing, from their predecessors, not merely their poetic art and poetic images, but even the substance with which they dealt. And, of Statius himself, it is said that his borrowings were so extensive that they argue poverty of talent. Those who undertake to defend him claim that this borrowing was greatest in the hastily composed Silvae, and that there we find reminiscences rather than intentional copying. The poet, they say, was so familiar with the whole range of classical literature that, in impromptu compositions, he would unconsciously express his thoughts in the language of other writers. Another criticism is that the poems are made too much upon the same plan, and that the same words, phrases and forms of thought are employed over and over. This is partly explained by the fact that he was using material gotten from the rhetoricians, whose precepts he knew thoroly.^ As in the larger poems, there is here also much use of the artificial in thought and sentiment. He is charged with writing what he thinks will entertain, not what he really believes and feels. In his consolatory addresses to the bereaved and sorrowing, he does not truly enter into their grief, as he would have us believe, but merely shams, say his unkind critics. In the Silvae, as in the epics, we find often lack of proportion, excessive use of obscure historical, geographical, literary, and mythological allusions, and a striving for the unusual and odd in phrase. He moves in a quite limited circle of words, ideas, and emotions. His lack of good taste and judgment, shown by overloading with ornament, undue employment of rhetorical commonplaces, and his failure to observe literary restraint, is attested also by his overwrought sentiment and by his imputing to dignified characters, like the gods, conduct which is belittling to *cf , Lohrish, De Papinii Statii Silvarum poetae Studiis Rhetoricis, them and even ridiculous. 'When, in his attempt to do honor to his patrons, he represents the divinities as astonished admirers of men's deeds, humble suppliants for assistance from them, and cheerful sub» ordinates helping them in their enterprises, he caricatures. The charming and often tasteful way in which he brings into his Silvae, the lesser divinities, such as the nymphs of fountains, rivers, and sea, the fauns and satyrs, and the cupids, has been justly defended and praised by those who point out that these beings are appropriate characters in the poetic inventions which, for those ancient people, occupied the place that, with us, is occupied by modern fiction. But when, in the course of one of his most serious pieces, in which he is picturing the sorrow of the bereaved beside the funeral pyre, he has the cupids there assembled throw upon the flames not only their bows and quivers but also their hair and even their feathers, which they have torn out, we are not touched by the pathos of the scene but are amusedi In view of these and other shortcomings, one eminent authority, Teuffel, has expressed the opinion that Statius displeases more thai he attracts'* Others believe that the poems, especially the Silvae, please far more than they repel, and that, aside from their great vrorth as life- like pictures of the author's times, they deserve to be highly prized for themselves* They are willing to concede the mediocrity of his muse> but claim for him excellent endowments of mind and heart and exceptional skill in certain directions. His powers of observation were unsurpassed. He possessed a most retentive memory. He could reproduce with accuracy what he had seen. Some who concede his wonderful skill in portraying, but deny that he is, in any sense, a thinker, claim that he is rather painter than poet. His appreciation of beauty, particularly of form and color and graceful motion, was keen. His skill in improvising smoothly flowing, elegant, musical, metrically correct verses was unique. This skill he acquired, of course, only thru profound study and long continued practice. He could arouse the emotions and depict some of them well. He had a naturally generous store of enthusiasm, which, unfortunately, he sometimes overworked. He was a man of vast erudition in fields which, to the people of our day, are not of great interest. He exhibited an intelligent and discriminating judgment in his treatment of the works of the master artists. He took great delight in the perfect forms in architecture, painting, and sculpture. In the descriptions of these, he is said to have exceeded the limits of art only once. 2 He loved nature,-the trees, flowers, lakes, the sea, the hills. Character of Statius. To the credit of Statius it can be said, first of all, that he was a man of pure life and chaste character. In these respects, as in the cleanness of his writings, he stands in sharp contrast to many of his contemporaries. His goodness of heart is abundantly attested. He was sociable, unselfish, humane, very sympathetic and modest. He was apparently free from the vice of envy. He never indulged in satire. He possessed a very sensitive nature and felt keenly any slight or 2 Gaymann, Kunstarchftologische Studien zu P.Pap. Statius, p. 25, rebuff. He was a' loyal friend. His kindly and affectionate disposition is shown by the attachment which he had for his friends, by the high regard and esteem exhibited for his step-daughter, and by the love he gave his father, wife, and adopted son. All appear to agree that his grief, following the death of : his father and foster-child, were deep and sincere, just as he has depicted it. His emotions, like his poetic talent, are said by some to be mediocre. And it is charged that he often pretends to grieve when he feels no sorrow, or, as one writer asserts, "non dolet, sed singultat"*. It appears -to me fairer to say that he does sympathize with, and often sorroxv with, those who are bereft, but that he greatly exaggerates, because of his desire to comfort. In spite of the fact that he has been called "poets lugubris ", because of the fault just mentioned, Statius deserves to be called cheerful and optimistic He actually did not see the bad in persons and things, we are warranted in believing, to the same extent that others did who were not so prone, as he was, to look rather for the good and attractive. And it was just this characteristic which must account, at least in part, for the attitude he assumed toward Domitian and everything connected with him. Altho it is true that Statius re- cognized the wickedness of Nero, as is shown by his own words, it is not so clear that he- realized what was the true character of the ruling prince. He was no philosopher or reformer. Perhaps he did not perceive that there was need of reform. With the discontented poor he had, apparently, no commerce. He did not, as one writer fairly states it, 'attempt to discover the nature and reason of things' . This adulation, condoned by some, severely condemned by others and called the worst of all the poet' s faults, can not, perhaps, be judged with entire fairness by men np\ir. It is conceivable that rulers like Nero and Domitian, both of whom, for a time, promised well, could appear to those who saw them in their better moods and surrounded by the pomp and splendor of the imperial court, not so bad as history has painted them. He knew the 'joys of home and the tender attachments of the husband and wife who live in happy harmony, as was the case of himself and Claudia. By praising his wife' s devotion to her former husband and her regular observance of the rites due his shade, he furnishes the strongest proof of his freedom from jealousy. He liked children and could paint a charming picture of their pretty ways. There was no malice in his heart. He was not self-seeking and his demeanor toward his friends was that of one who wished rather to give than receive. It is easy to understand how the story of his conversion to Christianity, by Saint Paul, was believed and spread.. 1 Claretie, De P. Papinii Statii Silvis, P. 24. P.PAPINI STATI SILVARUM I,i. EQUS MAXIhUS DOMITIANI IMP. Quae superimposito moles geminata colosso stat Latium complexa forum? caelone peractum fluxit opus? Siculis an conformata caminis effigies lassum Steropem Brontemque reliquit? an te Palladiae talem, Gemariice, nobis effinxere manus, qualem modo frena tenentem Rhenus et attoniti vidit domus ardua Daci? nunc age fama prior notum per saecula nomen Dardanii miretur equi, cvii vertice sacro Dindymon et caesis decrevit frondibus Ide. hunc neque discissis cepissent Pergama muris nee grege permixto pusri innuptaeque puellae ipse nee Aeneas nee magnus duceret Hector, adde quod ille nocens saevosque amplexus Achivos, huno mitis commendat eques. iuvat ora tueri mixta notis belli placidamque gerentia pacem. nee veris maiora putesjpar forma decorque, par honor, exhaustis 1 artem non altius amis Bistonius portat sonipes magnoque superbit pondere nee tardo raptus prope flumina cursu f umat et ingenti propellit Strymona f latu. Par operi sedes. hinc obvia limina pandit qui fessis bellis adsertae munere prolis primus iter nostris ostendit in aethera divis. discitur e vultu quantum tu mitior armis .-.- qui, nee in externos facilis saevire furores, das Cattis Daoisque fidem. te signa ferente dt minor in leges iret gener et Cato castus. at laterum passus hinc Iulia tecta tuentur, illinc belligeri sublimis regia Pauli, terga pater blandoque videt Concordia vultu. Ipse autem puro eel sum caput aere saeptus templa superfulges et prospectare videris, an nova contemptis surgant Palatia flammis Pulohrius, an taeita vigilet face Troious ignis atque exploratas iam laudet Vesta ministras. dextra vetat pugnas, laevani Tritonia virgo non gravat et sectae- praetendens colla hedusae ceu stimuli s accendit equum. nee dulcior usquam lecta deae sedesjnec sie, pater, ipse teneres. pectora, quae mundi valeant evolvere curas et quis se totis Temese dedit hausta metallis, it tergo demissa chlamys.latus ense quieto securvim, magnus quanto mucro.;.e minatur noctibus hibernis et sidera terret Orion. At sonipes habitus animosque imitatus equestris acrius attollit vultus cursumque minatur. eui rigidis stant eolla iubis vivusque pearmos impetus et tantis calcaribus ilia late suffectiira patent. vacuae pro caespite terrae aerea captivi orinem tetigit ungula Rheni, hunc et Adrasteus visum extimuisset Arion et pavet aspiciens Ledaeus ab aede propinqua Cyllarus. hie domini numquam mutabit habenas perpetuus frenis atque uni serviet astro, vix sola sufficiunt insessaque pondere tanto subter anhelat humus, nee ferro aut aere ;laborant sub genio,teneat quamvis aeterna crepido, quae superingesti portaret culmina montis caeliferique^attrita genu durasset Atlantis. Nee longae traxere morae.iuvat ipsa labores forma dei praesens operique intenta iuventus miratur plus poase manus. strepit ardua pulsu machina;continuus septem per culmina Partis it fragor et magnae vincit vaga murmura Romae. Ipse loci custos, cuius sacrata vorago famosique lacus nomen memorabile servant, innumeros aeris sonitus et verbere crudo ut sensit mugire forum,movet horrida sancto ora situ meritaque caput venerabile quercu. ac primum ingentes habitus lucemque coruscam expavit maioris equi terque ardua mersit colla lacu trepidans, laetus rnox praeside viso * 'salve, magnorum proles genitorque deorum, auditum longe numen mini 1 * nunc mea felix, nunc veneranda palus, cum te prope nosse tuumque immortale iubar vicina sod© tueri concessum. serael auotor ego inventorque salutis Romuleae:tu bella Iovis, tu proelia Rheni, tu civile nefas tu tarda in f oedera montem longo Fiarte domas, quod si te nostra tulissent saecula, temptasses me mon audente profundo ire lacu, sed Roma tuas tenuisset habenas 1 Cedat equus Latiae qui oontra templa Diones Caesarei stat sede fori;quem traderis ausus Pellaeo, Lysippe, duci, rnox Caesaris ora mirata cervice tulit: vix lumine f esso explores quam longua in hunc despectus ab illo» quis rudis usque adeo qui non, ut viderit ambos, tan turn dicat equos quantum di stare regentes? Non hoc imbriferas hiemes opus aut Iovis ignem tergeminum, Aeolii non agmina carceris horret annorumve moras: stabit, dum terra polusque, dum Romana dies, hoc et, sub nocte silenti, i cum superis terrena placent, tua turba relicto labetur »^aelo miscebitque oscula iuxta. ibit in umplexus natus fraterque paterque et sorortjuna locum cervix dab it omnibus astris. Utere perpetuum populi magnique senatus munere,Appelleae cuperent te scribere cerae, optassetque nbvo similem te ponere templo Atticus Elei senior Iovis jet tua mitis ora Taras, tua sidereas imitantia flammas lumina contempto mallet Rhodos asp era phoebo. oertus ames terras et quae tibi tejnpla dicamus, ipse colas ;nec te oaeli iuvet aula, tuosque laetus huic dono videas dare tura nepotes. 10 P.PAWJri STATI SIL VARUM I, 3. VILLA TIBURTIMA i AiJILI VOPISCI. Cernere facundi T'ibur glaciale Vopisci si quia et inserto geminos Aniene penates aut potuit sociae commercia noscere ripae certantisque sibi dominum defendere villas, ilium nee calido latravit Sirius astro nee gravis aspexit Nemeae frondentis alumnusy talis hiems tectis,frangunt sic improba solem frigora,Pisaeumque domus non aestuat annum. ipsa manu tenera tecum scripsisse Voluptas tunc Venus Idaliis unxit fastigia sucis permulsitque comis blandumque reliquit honorem sedibus et volucres vetuit discedere natos. longum memoranda dies I quae mente reporto gaudia, quam lassos per tot miracula visusi ingenium quam mite solo {quae forma beatis ante manus artemque locis Inon largius usquam indulsit natura sibi.nemora alta citatis incubuere vadis, fallax responsat imago frondibus, et longas eadem fugit umbra per undas. ipse Anien (miranda fides) infraque superque saxeus hie tumidam rabiem spumosaque ponit murmura, ceu placidi veritus turbare Vopisci Pieriosque dies et habentes carmina somnos. litus utrumque domi, nee te mitissimus amnis dividit.alternas servant praetoria ripas, non externa sibi fluviorum obstare queruntur. Sestiaccs nunc fama sinus pelagusque natatum iactet et audaci victos dephinas ephebo ! hie aeterna quies, nullis hie iura procellis, numqupxi fervor aquis.datur hie transmittere visus et vootss et paene manus. sic Chalcida fluctus expellunt reflui, sic dissociata prof undo Bruttia S?oanium circumspicit ora Pelorum. Quid primum mediumve canam, quo fine quiescam? auratas trabes an Mauros undique post is an picturata lucent ia marmora vena mirer, an emissas per cuncta cubilia nymphas? hue oculis, hue mente trahor.venerabile dicam luoorum senium? te, quae vada fluminis infra cernis > an ad silvas quae respicis, aula, tacentis, qua tibi tota quies offensaque turbine nullo nox silet et nigros imitantia murmura somnos? an quae graminea suscepta crepidine fumant balnea et impositum ripis algentibus ignem quaque vaporiferis iunetus fonacibus amnis ridet anhelantes vicino flumine nymphas? 11 Vidi artes veterumque nanus variisque metalla 7fi,jA modi's, labor est auri memorare figuras aut ebur aut dignas digitis coritingere gemmasj quiequid et argerito primum vel in aere minori lusit et enormes manus est experta colossos. dum. vagor aspectu visusque per omnia duco, calcabam necopinus opes»nam splendor ab alto defluus et nitidum referentes aera testae monstravere solum, varias ubi picta per artes gaudet humus superatque novis asarota figuris. expavere gradusv Quid nunc iungentia mirer aut quid partitis distantia tecta trichoris? quid te, quae mediis servata penatibus arbor tecta per et postea liquidas emergis in auras, quo non sub domino saevas passura bipennes? et nunc ignaro forsan vel lubrica Nais vel non abruptos tibi debet Hamadryas annos. Quid referam alternas gemino super aggere ir.ensas albentesque lacus altosque in £urgite fontes teque,per obliquum penitus quae laberis amnem, Marcia, et audaci transcurris flumina plumbo? an solum Ioniis sub f luctibus Elidis amnem Julcis ad Aetnaeos deducat semita portus? illis ipse ' antris Anien et fonte relicto nocte sub arcana glaucus exutus amictus hue illuc fragili prosternit pectora musco, aut ingens in stagna cadit vitreasque natatu plaudit aquas, ilia recubat Tiburnus in umbra, illic sulphureos cupit Albula nergere crinesj haec domus Egeriae nemoralem abiun ere Phoeben et Dryadum viduare choris algentia possit Taygeta et silvis accersere Pana Lycaeis. quod ni templa darerit alias Tirynthia sortes, et Praenestihae poterant migrare sprores. quid bifera Alcinoi laudem pomaria yosque, qui numquam vacui prodistis in aethera, rami? cedant Telegoni, cedant Laurent ia Turni iugera Lucrinaeque domus litusque cruenti Antiphatae; cedant Vitreae iuga perfida Circes Dulichiis ululata lupis arcesque superbae Anxuris et sedes Phrygio quas mitis alumno debet anus; cedant quae te iam solibus artis avia nimbosa revocabunt litora bruma. Scilicet hie illi meditantur pondera mores } hie premitur fecunda quies virtusque serena fronte gravis sanusque nitor luxuque carentes deliciae, quas ipse guis digresses Athenis mallet deserto senior Gargettius horto; haec per et Aegaeas hj.emes Hvadumque nivosum sidus et Oleniis dignum petiisse sub astris, si Kaleae credenda ratis Siculosque per aestus sit viarcur oculis sordet vicina voluptas? hie tua Tiburtes Faunos chelys et iuvat ipsum Alciden dictumque lyra rnaiore Gatillum; seu tibi Pindar icis animus contendere plectris sive chelyn tollas heroa ad robora sive liventem satirai." nigra rubigine turbes seu tua non alia splendescat epistola cura. Digne l.' r idae Croesique bonis et Ferside gaza, macte bonis animi icaius stagnantia rura debuit flavis Hermus transcurrere ripis et limo splendents Tagus. sic docta frequentes otia, sic omni detectus pectora nube finem Nestoreae precor egrediare senectae. 12 13 P.PAPINI STATI SILVARUlw 1,5. BALNEUM CLADDI ETRUSCI. Non Helicona gravi puLsat chelys enthea plectro, neo lassata voco totiens mihi numina, I usas; et te, Phoebe, choris et te dimittimus, L'uhan, tu quoque muta ferae, volucer Tegeaee, sonorae terga premas :alios poscunt mea carmina coetus Naidas, undarum dominas, regemque corusci ignis adhuc fessum Sioulaque incude rubentem eliouisse satis, paulum arma nocentia, Thebae, ponite;dilecto volo lascivire sodali. iunge, puer, cyathos, et enumerare labora cunctantemque intends chelyn; discede Laborque Curaque, dum nitidis canimus gemmantia saxis balnea duraque procax vittis hederisque, soluta fronde vereounda, Clio mea ludit Strusco. ite, deae virides, liquidosque advertite vultus et vitreum teneris crinem redimite corymbis, veste nihil tectae, quales emergitis altis fontibus et visu Sa tyros torquetis amantes non vos, quae culpa decus infamastis aquarum, sollicitare iuvatjprocul hinc et fonte doloso Salmacis et viduae Cebrenidos arida luctu flumina et Herculei praedatrix oedat alumni. vos mini, quae Latium septenaque culmina, nymphae, incolitis Thybrimque novis attolitis undis, quas praeceps Anien atque exceptura natatus Virgo iuvat I'arsasque nives et frigora ducens Marcia, praecelsis quarum vaga molibus unda crescit et innumero pendens transmittitur arcu-t ve strum opus aggredimur, vestra est quam carmine mo Hi pando domus. non umquam aliis habitastis in antris ditius. ipsa manus tenuit Cytherea mariti monstravitque artes;neu vilis flamma caminos ureret, ipsa faces volucrum sucoendit amorum, non hue admissae Thasos aut undosa Carystos maeret onyx longe, queriturque exclusus ophites; sola nitet flavis Nomadum decisa metallis purpura, sola cavo Phrygiae quam Synnados antro ipse cruentavit maculis lucentibus Attis, cumque Tyri niveas secat et Sidonia rupes. vix locus Eurotae, viridis cum re ula longo Synnada distinctu variat. non limina cessant, effulgent earner ae, vario fastigia vitro in species animosque nitent. stupet ipse beatas circumplexus opes et parcius imperat ignis. multus ubique dies, radiis ubi culmina totis perforat atque alio sol improbus uritur aestu. nil ibi plebeiumjnusquain Temesaea notabis aera, sed arjento felix propellitur unda argentoque cadit labrisque nitentibus instat delioias mirata suas et abire recusat. 14 extra autem niveo qui marrir.e caerulus amnis vivit et in fundum summa patet oirinis ab unda, cui non ire lacu pigrosque exsolvere amictus suadeat? hoc mallet nasoi Cytherea profundo, hie te perspicuum melius, Narcisse, videres, hie velox Hecate velit et deprensa lavari. quid nunc strata solo referam tabulata crepantis auditura pilas, ubi languidus ignis inerrat aedibus et tenuem volvunt hypocausta vaporem? nee si Baianis veniat novus hospes ab oris, talia despiciat (fas sit componere magnis parva) Neronea nee qui modo lotus in unda, hie iterum sudare netret. macte, oro, nitenti ingenio curaque puer J tecum ista sene scant et tua iam melius discat fortuna renasci ! 15 P.PAPIHI STATI SIL VARUM 1,6. KALENDAE DECEMBRES. Et Phoebus pater et severa Pallas et Musae procul ite feriatae: Iani vos revocabimus Falendis, Saturnus mihi compede exsoluta et multo gravidus mero December et ridens locus et Sales protervi adsint, dura refero diem beatum laeti Cae saris ebriamque parcen. Vix Aurora novos TOOTebat ortus, iam bellaria linea pluebant (hunc rorem veniens profudit eurus)? quicquid nobile Ponticis nucetis fecundis cadit aut iugis Idumes, quod ramis pia germinat Damascos, et quod percoquit Ebosia Gaunos, largis gratuitum cadit rapinis; molles gaioli lucuntulique et massis Amerina non perustis et mustaceus et latente palma praegnantes caryotides cadebant, non tantis Hyas inserena nimbis terras obruit aut soluta Plias, qualis per cuneos hierns Latinos plebem gra-pdine contudit serena, ducat nubila Iuppiter per orbem et latis pluvias ninetur agris, dum nostri Iovis hi ferantur imbres. Ecce autem cavaas subit per omnis insignis specie, decora oultu plebes altera non minor sedente. hi panaria candidasque mappas subvectant epulasque lautiores; illi marcida vina largiuntur : Idaeos totidem putes ministros. Orbem, qua melior sever iorque est, et gentes alis insemel togatas; et cum tot populos, beate, pasflas, hunc Annona diem superba nescit i nunc saecula compara, Vetustas, antiqui Iovis aureumque tempusj non sic libera vina tunc fluebant nee tardum seges occupabat annum, una vescitur omnis ordo mensa, parvi, femina, plebs, eques, senatus: libertas reverentiam remisit. et tu quin etiam (quis hoc vocare, quis promittere possit hoc deorum?) nobiscum socias dapss inisti. . iam se, quisquis is est, inops beatus convivam ducis esse gloriatur. Hos inter fremitus novosque luxus spectandi levis effugit voluptas: 16 stat sexus rudis insciusque ferri; ut pugnas capit improbus viriles I credas ad Tanain ferumque Phasim Thermodontiacas calere turmas. hie audax sub it ordo pumilorum, quos natura brevis statim peraota nodosum semel in globum ligavit* edunt vulnera conseruntque dextras et mortem sibi (qua manuj) minantur, ridet Kars pater et oruenta Virtus casuraeque vagis grues rapinis mirantur pugiles ferooiores. lam noctis propioribus sub umbris dives sparsio quos agit tumultus J hie intrant faciles emi puellae, hie agnosoitur omne, quod theatris aut forma placet aut probatur arte, hoc plaudunt grege Lydiae tumentes, illo oymbala tinnujaeque Gades; illic agmina confremunt Syrorum, hie plebs scaenica quique eomminutis permutesnt vitreis gregale sulpur. Inter quae subito cadunt volatu immensae vo lucrum per astra nubes, quas Nilus sacer horridusque Phasis, quas udo Numidae legunt sub austro. desunt qui rapiant, sinusque pleni gaudent dum nova luora comparantur, tollunt innumeras ad astra voces Saturnalia principis sonantes et dulci dominum favore clamant: hoc solum vetuit licere Caesar. Vixdum oaerula nox subibat orbem, descendit nedia nitens harena densas flammeus orbis inter umbras vincens Gnosiacae facem coronae. conlucet polus ignibus nihilque obscurae patitur licere nocti. fugit pigra Quies inersque Soinnus haec cernens alias abit in urbes, quis spectacula, quis iocos licentes, quis convivia, quis dapes inemptas, largi flumina quis canat Lyaei? iam iam deficio tuoque Baccho in serum trahor ebrius sororem, Quos ibit procul hie dies per annos ! quam nullo sacer exolescet aevo J dum montes Latii pater que Thybris, dum stabit tua Roma dumque terris quod reddis Capitolium manebit. 17 P.Papini Stati Silvarum 11,2. Villa Surrentina Polli Felicis. Est inter notos Sirenum nomine muros saxaque Tyrrhenae templis onerata Ilnervae celsa Dioarchei speculatrix villa profundi, qua Bromio dilectus ager, collesque per elitos uritur et prelis non invidet uva Falernis. hue me post patrii laetum quinquennia lustri, cum stadio iam pigra quies canusque sederet pulvis, ad Ambraoias conversa gymnade frondes, trans gentile f return placidi f acundia Polli detulit et nitidae iuvenilis gratia Pollae, flectere iam cupidum gressus, qua limite noto Appia longarum teritur regina viarum. Sed iuvere morae.placido lunata recessu hinc atque nine curves parrumpunt aequora rupes. dab nature locum montique intervenit unuin litus et in terras scopulis pendentibus exit, gratia prima loci, gemina testudine fumant balnea, et e terris occurrit dulcis amaro nympha mari. levis hie Phorci ohorus udaque crines Cymodoce viridisque cupit Galatea levari, ante domum tumidae moderator caerulus undae excubat , innocui custos laris;huius amico spumant templa salo. felicia rura tuetur Alcides. gaudet gemino sub numine portusj hie servat terras, hie saevis fluctibus obstat. mira quies pelagi:ponunt hie lassa furorem aequora et insani spirant clementius austri, hie praeceps minus audet hiems,nuJloque tumultu stagna modesta iacent dominique imitantia mores. Inde per obliquos erepit porticus arces, urbis opus, longoque domat saxa aspera dor so. qua prius obscuro permixti pulvere soles et feritas inamoena viae, nunc ire voluptas: qualis,si subeas Ephyres Daccheidos altum culmen,ab Inoo fert semita tecta Lyaeo. Non,mihi si cunctos Helicon indulgeat ai.nes et superet Pimplea sitim largeque volantis ungula sedet equi reseretque arcana pudicos Phemonoe fontes vel quos meus auspice Fhoebo altius immersa turbavit Pollius urna, innumeras valeam species cultusque locorum Pieriis aequare modis. vix ordine longo suffecere oculi, vix, dure per singula ducor, suffecere gradus. qiiae reruns turba J locine ingenium an domini mirer prius? haec domus ortus aspicit et Phoebi tenerum iubar;illa cadentem detinet exaotamque negat dimittere lucem, cum iam fessa dies et in aequora montis opaci umbra cadit vitroque nntant praetoria ponto. 18 haec pelagi clamore fremunt,haec tecta sonoros ignorant fluctus terraeque silentia malunt. his favit natura locis,hic victa colenti cessit et ignotos docills mansuevit in usus. mons erat hic,ubi plana vides,et lustra fuerunt, qua nunc tecta subisjubi nunc nemora ardua cernis, hie nee terra fuit. domuit possessor, et ilium formantem rupes expugnantemque secuta gaudet humus, nunc cerne iugum discentia saxa intrantesque domos iussumque recedere montem. iam t'':ethymnaei vatis manus et chelys una Thebais et Getici cedat tibi gloria plectri; et tu saxa moves,et te nemora alta sequuntur. Quid referam veteres ceraeque aerisque f iguras, se quid Apellei gaudent animasse colores, si quid adhuc vacua tamen admirabile Pisa Phidiacae rasere manus, quod ab arte Myronis aut Polycliteo iussum est quod vivere oaelo, aeraque ab Isthmiacis auro potiora favillis, ora ducum ac vatum sapienttnnque ora priorum, quos tibi cura sequi,quos toto pectore sentis, expers curarum atque animum virtute quieta compositus semper que tuus? quid mille revolvam culmina visendique vices? sua cuique voluptas atque omni proprium thalamo mare,transque iacentem Nerea diversis servit sua terra fenestris: haec videt Inarimem, illinc Prochyta aspera paret; armiger hac magni patet Hectoris,inde malignum aera respirat pelago circumflua Nesis; inde vagis omen felix Euploea carinis quaeque ferit curvos exerta Megalia fluctus; angitur et domino contra recubante proculque Surrentina tuus spectat praetoria Limon. una tamen cunctis procul eminet una diaetis, quae tibi Parthenopen derecto limits ponti ingerit. hie Grais penitus delecta metallis saxajquod Eoae respergit vena Syenes, Synnade quod maesta Phrygiae fodere secures per Cybeles iugentis agros,ubi marmore picto Candida purpureo distinguitur area gyro; hie et Amyclaei caesum de monte Lycurgi quod viret et molles imitatur rupibus herbas, hie Nomadum lucent flaventia saxa Thasosque et Chios et gaudens fluctus spectare Carystoss omnia Chalcidicas turres obversa salutn.nt. macte animo,quod Graia probas,quod Graia frequentas arva,nec invideant quae te genuere Dicarchi moenia J nos docto melius potiemur alumno. Quid nunc ruris opes pontoque novalia dicam iniecta et madidas Baccheo nectare rupes? saepe per autumnum iam pubescente Lyaeo conscendit scopulos noctisque occulta sub umbra palmite maturo rorantia lumina tersit Nereis et dulces rapuit de collibus uvas. 19 saepe et vioino sparsa est vindemia fluctu, et Satyri cecidere vadis,nudamque per undas Dorida montani cupierunt prendere Panes. Sis felix,tellus,dominis ambobus in annos Mygdonii Pyliique senis nee nobile mutes servitiuia:nec te cultu Tirynthia vincat aula Dicarcheique sinus, nee saepius isti blanda Therapnaei placent vineta Galaesi. hie ubi Pierias exercet Pollius artes, seu volvit monitus,quos dat Gargettius auctor, seu nostram quatit ille chelyn seu dissona nectit carmina sive minax ultorem stringit iambon: hinc levis e scopulis meliora ad carmina Siren advolat,hinc motis audit Tritonia oristis. tunc rapidi ponunt flatus, mar ia ipsa vetantur ob s t rep ere, erne rgunt pelago doctamque trahuntur ad chelyn et blandi scopulis delphines aderrant* Vive Midae gazis et Lydo ditior auro, Troica et Buphratae supra diademita felix, quern non ambigui fasces, non mobile vulgus, non leges, non castra terent^qui pectore magno spemque metumque domas voto sublimior omni, ex'emptus fatis indignant emque refellens Fortunamjdubio quem non in turbine rerum deprendet suprema dies,sed abire paratum ac plenum vita, nos, vilis turba,caducis deservire bonis semperque optare parati, spargimur in casus scelsa tu mentis ab arce despicis errantes humanaque gaudia rides, tempus erat cum te geminae suff ragia terrae diriperent celsusque duas veherere per urbes, inde Dicarcheis multum venerande colonis, hinc adscite meis,pariterque his largus et illis ac iuvenile calens plectrique errore superbus. ac nunc discussa rerum caligine verum aspicis,(illo alii rursus iactantur in alto), et tua securos portus placidamque quietem intravit non quassa ratis. sic perge nee umquam emeritam in nostras puppem dimitte procellas. tuque, nurus inter long • . . , . .... praecordia curae, non frontem vertere minae,sed Candida semper gaudia et in vultu curarum ignara voluptas; non tibi sepositas infelix strangulat area divitias avidique animum dispendia torquent faenorisrexpositi census et docta fruendi temperies. non ulla deo meliore oohaerent pectora,non alias docuit Concordia mentes. disci te securi, quorum de pectore mixtae in longum coiere faces sanctusque pudicae servat amicitiae leges amor, ite per annos saeculaque et priscae titulos praecedite famae. 20 P.PAPINI STATI SIL VARUM II, 3. ARBOR ATEDI MELIORIS. Stat, quae perspicuas nitidi Me li oris opacet arbor aquas complexa lacus,quae robore ab imo incurvata vadis redit inde cacumine recto ardua,ceu mediis iterum nascatur ab undis atque habitet vitreum taoitis radicibus amnem. quid Phoebum tarn parva rogem? vos dicite causas, Naides,et faciles( satis est) date carmina Fauni. Nympharum tenerae fugiebant Pana catervae; ille quidem it,cunctas tai.'quam velit, it tamen unam in Pholoen. silvis haec fluminibusque sequentis nunc hirtos gressus,hunc improba cornua vitat. iamque et bellirerum Iani nemus atraque Caci rura Quirinalesque fuga suspensa per agros Caelica tesca subitjibi demum victa labore, fessa metu,qua nunc placidi i.elioris aperti stant sine fraude lares, flavos collegit amictus artius et niveae posuit se margine ripae . insequitur velox pecorum deus et sua credit conubia;ardenti iamiam suspiria librat pectore,iam praedae levis imminet. ecce citatos advertit Diana gradus,dum per iuga septem errat Aventinaeque legit vestigia cervae. paenituit vidisse deam,conversaque fidas ad comites: 'numquamne avidis arcebo rapinis hoo petulans foeduraque p ecus, semper que pudici decrescet nihi turba chori?* sic deinde locuta depromit pharetra telum breve, quod neque f lexis oomibus aut solito torquet stridore.sed una emisit contenta manu laevamque soporae Naidos aversa fertur tetigisse sagitta* ilia diem pariter sur^ens hoste/r'que protervum vidit et in fontem,niveos ne panderet artus, sic tota cum veste ruit stagnisque sub altis Pana sequi credens ima latus implicat alga, quid faceret subito deceptus praedo? nee altis credere corpus aquis hirtae sibi conscius audet pellis et a tenero nandi rudis. omnia questus, immitem Bromium,stagna invida et invida tela, primaevam visu platanum,cui longa progago innumeraeque manus et itura in aetbera vertex, deposuit iuxta vivamque adgessit harenam optatisque aspergit aquis et talia rcandati 'viva diu nostri pignus memorabile voti, arbor, et haec durae latebrosa cubilia nymphae tu saltern declinis ama,prem.e frondibus undam, ilia quidem meruit, sed ne,precor,igne superno aestuet aut dura feriatur grandine; tantum spargere tu laticem et foliis turbare memento. 21 tunc ego teque diu recolam dominamque benignae sedis et inlaesa tutabor utramque senecta, ut Iovis.ut Phoebi frondes,ut discolor umbra populus et nostrae stupeant tua germina pinus'. sic ait. -ilia dei veteres animata calores uberibus stagnis obliquo pendula trunco incubat atque umbris scrutatur amantibus undas. sperat et arnplexus,sed aquarum spiritus arcet nee patitur tactus. tandem eluctata sub auras libratur fundo rursusque enode cacumen ingeniosa levat,veluti descenflat. in imos stirpe lacus alia, iam nee Phoebeia Nais odit et exclusos invitat gurgite ramos. Haec tibi parva quidem genitali luce paramus dona,sed ingenti forsan victura sub aevo. tu, cuius placido posuere in pectore sedem blandus honos hilar isque tamen curii pondere virtus, cui nee pigra quies nee iniqua potentia nee spes improba,sed medius per honesta et dulcia limes, incorrupte fidem nullosque experte tumultus et secrete, palam quod digeris ordine vitam, idem auri facilis contemptor et optimus idem comere divitias opibusque imiTiittere lucem: hac longum florens animi morumque inventa Iliac os aequare senes et vincere persta, quos pater 61ysium,genetrix quos detulit annost hoc illi duras exoravere sorores , hoc, quae te sub teste situm fugitura tacentem ardua magnanimi revirescit gloria Blaesi* 22 P.PAPINI STATI SILVARUlvi 11,4. PSITTACUS EIUSDEM. Psittace , dux volucrum,domini facunda voluptas, humanae sollers imitator, psittace, linguae, quis tua tam subito praeclusit murmura fato? hesternas,miserande,dapes moriturus inisti nobiscum,et grata© carpentem munera mensae errantemque toris mediae plus tempore noctis vidimus, adfatus etiam meditataque verba reddideras. at nunc aeterna silentia Lethes ille canorus habes. cedat Phaethontia vulgi fabulasnon soli celebrant sua funera cygni» At tibi quanta domus rutila testudine fulgens, conexusque ebori virgarum argenteus ordo, argutumque tuo stridentia limina cornu, et.querulae iam sponte, fores I vacat ille beatus career et august i nusquam convicia tecti I Hue doctae stipentur aves,quis nobile fandi ius natura dedittplangat Ihoebeius ales auditasque memor penitus dimittere voces sturnus et Aonio versae certamine picae, quique refert iungens iterata vocabula perdix, et quae Bistonio queritur soror orba cubili: ferte simul gemitus cognataque ducite flammis funera et hoc cunctae miserandum addiscite carmen; 'occidit aeriae celeberrima gloria gentis psittacus,ille plagae viridis regnator Eoae, quem non gemmata volucris Iunonia cauda vinceret aspectu,gelidi non Phasidis ales, nee quas humenti Numidae rapuere sub austro. ille salutator regum nomenque locutus Caesareum et queruli quondam vice functus amici, nunc conviva levis monstrataque reddere verba tam f acilis I quo tu,:elior dilecte,recluso numquam solus eras, at non inglorius umbris mittitur:Assyrio cineres adolentur amomo et tenues Arabum respirant gramine plumae Sicaniisque crocis;senio nee fessus inerti scandet odoratos phoenix felicior ign6s' . 23 P.PAPINI STATI SILVARUM 11,6. CONSOLATIO AD FLAVIUM URSUM DE AMISSIONS PUERI DELICATI, Saeve nimis,laerimis quisquis discrimina ponis luf^endique modos\raiserum est primaeva parenti pignora surgentesaue(nefas jjaccendere natos; durum et deserti praerepta coniuge partem conclamare tori maesta et lamenta sororum et fratrum gemitustalte tamen ac procul intrat altius in sensus maioraque vulnera vincit plaga minor, f amului.i( quia rerum nomina caeca sic miscet Fortuna manu nee pectora novit), sed famulum gemis,Urse,piuu,sed amore fideque has meritum ]acrimas,cui maior stemmate iuncto libertas ex mente fuit(ne conprime fletus, ne pade'atjrumpat frenos dolor iste diesque, si tam dura placent^oi.rlnem gemis(heu mini ! subdo ipse faces),hoEiinem,Urs-3,tuum,oui dulce volenti servltium,cui triste nihil f qui sponte sibique imperiosus erat. quisnar;: naec in funera missos eastiget luetus? i: ,emit inter bello peremption Parthus equum,f idosque canes flevere Molossi, et volucres ha>uere return cervusque Marbnem. quid, si nee farvlus? vidi ipse habitusque notavi to tantum cupi^rtis erurajsed maior in ore q> iritus et tenero manifest! in sanguine mores. optarent multum d-alae cuperentque Latinae sic peperisse r.urus; non talem Cr.e'ssa superbum callida sollicito revocavit The sea filo, nee Paris Oebalios talis v&surus amores rusticas invitas deiecit in aequora pinus. non fallo aut aantus adsueta licentia ducitj vidi et adhuc vide o ,.qualem nee beila caventem litore virgineo Thetis occuitavit Achillen, nee circum saevi fugientem mcenia Phoebi Troilon Haemoniae deprehdit lancea dextrae . qualis eras I procul en cunotis puerisque virisque pu3chrior et tartuu domino minor J illius unus ante decor, quantum praecedit clara minores luna faces quantumque alios premit Hesperos ignes. non tibi femineuir vultu decus oraque supra mollis 'lono:, qualis dubiae post crimina formae de sexu transire iubentrtorva atque virilis gratia;nec petulans acies blandique seviaro igne oculi, qualis demissa casside visu, Parthenop^eus erutjsimplexque horrore decoro c - inis,et obsessae mndum primoque micantes flore genaeitalem Ledaeo gurgite putaem educat r:urotas,teneri sic integer aevi Tlin adit primosque; Ipvi.'puer adprobat annos. nam pudor(unde not'ae ? !)j\enti s tranquillaque morum tenperies teneroque animus maturior aevo- carmine quq par esse queam? saepe ille voientem 24 castigabat erum studioque altisque iuvabat consiliis; tecum tristisque hilarisque nee umquam ille suus vultumque tuo sumebat ab ore: dignus et Haemonium Pyladen praecedere fama Cecropiamque fidem. sed laudum terminus esto, quern fortuna sinitmon mente fidelior aegrq speravit tardi reditus Eumaeus Ulixis. Quis deus aut quisnnm taai c^rta no'oendi? eligit? unde manus Fatis tam certa hocendi? o quam divitiis censuque exutus opimo fortior,Urse, fores I si veX fumante ruina ructassent dites Vesuvina incendia Locroe seu Ppllentinos mersissent flumina saltus seu Lucanus Acir seu Thybridis impetus altas in dextrum torsisset aquas, pater ere serena fronte deos;sive alma fidem messisque negasset Cretaque Cyreneque et qua tibi cumque beato larga redit Fortuna sinu. sed gnara dolorum Invidia infelix animi vitalia vidit Xaedendique vias* Vitae modo cardine adultae nectere temptabat iuvenum pulcherrimus ille cum tribus Eleis unam trieterida lustris, attendit torvo tristis Rhamnusia vultu, ac primym implevitque toros oculisque nitorem addidit ac solito sublimius ora levavit, (heulmisero letale favens) seseque videndo tors it et invidia mortemque amplexa iacenti iniecit nexus carpsitque iiranitis adunca ora verenda nanu. quinta vix Phosphoros hora rorantem sternebat equumtiam litora duri saeva,Philete,senis durumque Acheronta videbas, quo domini clamate sono I non saevius atros nigrasset planctu genetrix tibi salva lacertos, nee pater ;et certe qui vidit funera f rater erubuit vinci, sed nee servilis adempto ignis ;odoriferos exhausit flamna Sabaeos et Cilicum messes,Phariaeque exempta volucri cinnama et Assyrio manantes gramine sucos et domini fletusthos tantum hausere favillae, hos bibit usque rogusjnec quod tibi Setia canos restinxit cineres,gremio nee lubricus ossa quod vallavit onyx,miseris acceptius umbris quam gemitus. Sed(et ipse iuvat) quid terga dolori, Urse,damus? quid damna foves et pectore iniquo vulnus amas? ubi nota reis facundia raptis? quid caram crucias tam saevis luctibus umbram? eximius licet ille animi meritusqae doleri; solvisti. subit ille pios carpitque quietem Elysiam clarosque illic fortasse parentes invenit;aut illi per amoena silentia Lethes forsan Avernales adludunt undique mixtae Naides, obliquoque notat Proserpina vultu, pone,precor ,questus;alium tibi Fata Phileton, forsan et ipse.dabit moresque habitusque decoros 25 P. PAP INI STAT I SIL VARUM 11,7. GENETHLIACON LUGAInFI AD FOLLAIi Lucani proprium diem frequentet, quisquis collibus Isthmiae Diones docto pectora concitatus oestro pendentis bibit ungulae liquorem. ipsi,quos penes est honor canendi, vocalis citharae repertor Areas et tu,Bassaridum rotator Euhan, et Paean et Hyantiae sorores, laetae purpureas novate vittas, crinem comite,candidamque vestem perfundant hederae recentiores. docti largius evarentur anises, et plus Aoniae virete silvae, et,si qua patet aut dien receptt, sertis mollibus expleatur umbra, centum Thespiacis odora lucis stent altaria victimaeque centum, quas Dirce lavat aut alit Cithaeron. Luoanum canimus,favete Unguis, Vestra est ista dies,favete,Musae, dum qui vos geminas tulit per artes, et vinctae pede vocis et solutae, Romani colitur chori sacerdos, felix(heu nimisj)et beata tellus, quae pronos Hyperionis meatus summis Oceani vides in undis stridoremque rotae cadentis audis, quae Tritonide fertilis Athenas unctis,Baetica,provocas trapetis: Lucanum potes imputare terris ! hoc plus quam Senecam dedisse mundo aut dulcem generasse Gallionem, attollat refluos in astra fontes Graio nobilior Melete Baetis; Baetim, Mantua, provocare noli, natum protinus atque huin.um per ipsam primo murmure dulce vagientem blando Calliope sinu recepit, turn prinum posito remissa luctu longos Orpheos exuit dolores et dixit:*puer o dicate Musis, longaevos oito transiture vates, non tu flumina nee :reges ferarum nee plectro Geticas mov@bis ornos, sed septem iuga Lartiumque Thybrim et doctos equites et eloquente oantu purpureum trahes senatum, nocturnas alii Phrygum ruinas et tardi reducis vias Ulixis et puppem temerariem iinervae, 26 trita vatibus orbita sequantur: tu carus Latio memorque gentis carmen f ortidr exeris togatum. ac primum tetter is adhuc in annis ludes Hectora Thessalosque currus et supplex Priami potentis aurum, et sedes reserabis inferorum, ingratus Nero dulcibus theatris et noster tibi proferetur Orpheus, dices culminibus Remi vagantis infandos domini nocentis ignes, hinc castae titulurn decusque Pollae iucunda dabis adlocutione. mox coepta generosior iuventa albos ossibus Italia Philippos et Pharsalica bella detonabis, quod fulmen ducis inter arma divi, libertate gravem pia Catonem et gratum popularitate Magnum. tu Pelusiaci scelus Canopi deflebis pius et Pharo cruenta Pompeio debis altius sepulcrum. haec primo iuvenis canes sub aevo f ante annos Culicis Maroniani. cedet Musa rudis ferocis Enni et docti furor arduus Luereti, et qui per freta duxit Arrgonautas, et qui corpora prima transfigurat, quin maius loquarjipsa te Latinis Aeneis venerabitur canentem. Nee solum dabo carminum nitorem, sed taedis genialibus dicabo doctam atque ingenio tuo decoram, qualem blanda Venus daretque Iuno forma, eimplicitate , comitate, censu, sanguine , grati s , de core , et vestros hymenaeon ante postes festis cantibus ipsa persona.bo. saevae nimium gravesque Paroae'. o numquam data longa fata summis'. cur plus,ardua,casibus patetis? cur saeva vice magna non senescunt? sic natum Nasamonii Tonantis post ortus obitusque fulminatos angusto Babylon premit sepulcro. sic fixum Paridis manu trementis Peliden Thetis horruit cadentem. sic ripis ego murmurantis Hebri non mutum caput Orpheos sequebar. sic et tu(rabidi nefas tyranni.' ) iussus praecipitem subire Lethen, dum pugnas canis arduaque voce das solacia grandibus sepulcris, (o dirum scelus' \ o scelus 1 , ) tacebis' . sic fata est leviterque decidentes abrasit lacrimas nitente plectro. 27 At tu, seu rapidum poli per axem Famae curribus arduis leratus, qua surgunt animae potentiores, terras de8piois et sepulcra rides; seu pacis merito namus reclusi felix Elysii:' tenes in oris, quo Pharaalica turba congregatur, et te nobile carmen insonantem Pompei comitantTjr 7 e^tCit6nB6a : tu magna sacer et superbus umbra nescis Tartaron et procul nocentum audis verbera palliduroque visa matris lampade respicis Neronem. Adsis lucidus et vocante Polla unum, quae so, diem deos silentum exoresssolet hoc patere limen ad nuptas redeuotibas- ascitis, haec te non thiasis procax dolosis falsi nttminis induit figura, ipsum sed colit et frequentat ipsum imis altius insitum medullis, ac solacia vana subministrat vultus,qui simili notatus auro strati s praenitet incubatque somno securae. procul hinc abite,Mortes: haec vitae genialis efc't origo. cedat luctus atrox genisque manent iam dulces lacrimae dolorque festus, quicquid fleverat ante, nunc adoret. 28 P.PAPINI STATI SILVARUM 111,2. PROPEMPTICON MAEGIO CELERI. Di,quibus audaces amor est servare carinas saevaque ventosi mulcere pericula ponti, sternite molle f return placidumque advertite votis concilium et lenis non obstrepat uiida precanti : T grande tuo rarumque damus, Neptune, profundo depositum. iuvenis dubio committitur alto Maecius atque animae partem super aequora nostrae maiorem transferre parat. proferte benigna sidera et antemnae gemino considite cornu, Oebalii fratresjvobis pontusque polusque luceat,Iliacae longe nimbosa sororis astra fugarte,precor,totoque excludite caelo. vos quoque caeruleum ponti, Nereides agmen, quis honor et regni cessit fortuna secundi (dicere quae magni fas sit nihi sidera ponti), surgite de vitreis spumosae Doridos antris Baianosque sinus et freta tepentibus undis litora tranqu^llo certatim ambite natatu, quaerentes ubi celsa ratis,quam scandere gaudet nobilis Ausoniae Celer armipotentis alumnus, nee quaerenda diu,modo nam trans aequora terris prima Dicarcheis Pharium gravis intulit annum, prima salutavit Capreas et margine dextro sparsit Tyrrhenae Mareotica vina?. Minervae. huius utrumque latus molli praecingite gyro, partitaeque vices vos stuppea tendite mali vincula,vos summis adnectite sipara velis vos zephyris aperite sinusjpars transtra reponat, pars demittat aquis curvae moderamina puppisj sint quibus exploret primos gravis artemo lembos quaeque secuturam religent post terga phaselon uncaque summersae penitus retinacula vellant; temperet haec aestus pelagusque inclinet ad ortus: officio careat glaucarum nulla sororum, hinc multo proteus geminoque hinc corpore Triton praenatet et subitis qui perdidit inguina monstris Glaucus adhuc patriis quotiens adlabitur oris litoream blanda feriens Anthedona cauda. tu tamen ante omnes,diva cum matre Palaemon, annue,si vestrss amor est mihi pa?ndere Thebas, nee cano degeneri Phoebeum Amphiona plectro. et pater, Aeolio frangit qui carcere ventos, cui varii flatus omnisque per aequora mundi spiritus atque hiemes nimbosaque nubila parent* artius obiecto Borean Eurumque Notumque monte premattsoli Zephyro sit dopia caeli, solus agat puppes summasque supernoHtet undaes assiduus pelago, donee tua, turbine nullo laeta Paraetoniis adsignet oarbasa ripis* , 29 Audimur. vocat ipse ratem nautasque morantes increpat. ecce meum timido iam frigore pectus labitur et nequeo,quamvis monet ominis horror, claudere suspensos oculorum in margine fletus. iamque ratem terris divisit fune soluto navita et angustum deiecit in aequora pontem, saevus et e puppi longo clamore magister dissipat amplexus atque osoula fida revellit, neo longum cara licet in cervice morari. attamen in terras e plebe novissimus omni ibo nee egrediar nisi iam cedente carina. Quis rude et abscissum miseris animantibus aequor fecit iter solidaeque pios telluris alumnos expulit in fluctus pelagoque inunisit hianti audax ingenii? nee enim temeraria virtus ilia magis,summae gelidum quae Pelion Ossae iunxit anhelantemque iugis bis pressit Olympum. usque adeone parum lentas trans ire paludes stagnaque et angustos summittere pontibus amnes? imus in abruptum ^entilesque undique terras exigua fugimus clausi trabe et aere nudo. inde furor ventis indignataeque procellae et caeli fremitus et fulmina plura Tonanti. ante rates pigro torpebant aequora somno, nee spumare Thetis nee spargere nubila fluctus audebant:visis tumuerunt puppibus undae, inque hominem surrexit hiems. tunc nubila Plias Oleniumque pecus,solito tunc peior Orion. Iusta querorjfmgit ecce vagas ratis acta per undas paulatim minor et longe servantia vincit lumina tot gracili ligno complexa timores, quaeque super reliquos,te,nostri pignus amoris portatura,Celer quo nunc ego pectore somnos quove queam pefiferre dies? quia cuncta paventi nuntius,an facili te praetermiserit unda Lucani rabida ora maris, num. torta Charybdis fluctuet aut Siculi populatrix virgo profundi, quos tibi currenti praeceps gerat Hadria mores, quae pax Carpathio,quali te subvehat aura Doris Agenorei furtis blandita iuvenci?- sed merui questus. quid enim te castra petente non vel ad ignotos ibam comes impiger Indos Cimmeriumque chaos? starem prope bellica regis signa mei, seu tela manu seu frena teneres, armatis seu iura dares,operumque tuorum etsi non socius,certe mirator adessem. si quondam magno Phoenix reverendus Achilli litus ad Iliacum Thymbraeaque Pergama venit imbellis tumidoque nihil iuratus Atridae, cur nobis ignavus amor? sed pectore fido numquam abero longisque sequar tua carbasa votis. Isi,Phoroneis olim stabulata sub antris, nunc regina Phari numenque orientis anheli, excipe multisono puppem kareotida sistro 30 ac iuvenem egregium,Latius cui ductor Eoa signa Palaestinasque dedit frenare cohortes, ipsa manu placida per limina festa sacrosque due portus urbesque tuas. te praeside noscat, unde paludosi fecunda licentia Nili, cur vada desidant et ripa coerceat undas Cecropie stagnata luto,cur invida Memphis, curve Therapnaei lasciviat ora Canopi, cur servet Pharias Lethaeus ianitor aras, vilia cur magnos aequent animalia divosj quae sibi praesternat vivax altar ia Phoenix, quos dignetur agros aut quo se gurgite Nili mergat adoratus trepidis pastoribus Apis* due et ad Qnathios manes, ubi belliger urbis conditor Hyblaeo perfusus nectare durat, anguiferamque domum,blando qua mersa veneno Actias Ausonias fugit Cleopatra catenas, usque et in Assyrias sedes mandataque castra prosequere et Marti iuvenem, dea,trade Latino, nee novus hospes erit:puer his sudavit in arvis notus adhuc tantum maioris lumine clavi, iam tamen et turmas facili praevertere gyro fortis et Eoas iaculo damnare sagittas. Ergo erit ilia dies, qua te maiora daturus Caesar ab emerito iubeat discedere bello, ac nos hoc iterum stantes in litore vastos cernemus fluctus aliasque rogabimus auras, o turn quantus ego aut quanta votiva movebo plectra lyra Jcum me magna oervice ligatum attolles umeris atque in mea pectora primum incumbes e puppe novus, servataque reddes colloquia inque vicem medios narrabimus annos, tu rapidum Euphraten et regia Bactra sacrasque antiquae Babylonis opes et Zeutna,Latinae pacis iter, qua dulce nemus florentis Idumes, qua pretiosa Tyros rubeat,qua purpura suco Sidoniis iterata cadis, ubi genuine primum Candida felices sudent opobalsama virgae: ast ego,devictis dederim quae busta Pelasgis quaeve laboratas claudat mihl pagina Thebas. 31 P.PAPINI STATI SILVARUM 111,3. CONSOLATIO AD CLAUDIUM ETRUSCUM. Surnma deum, Pietas, cuius gratissima caelo rara profanatas inspectant numina terras, hue vittata comam niveoque insignis araictu, qualis adhuc praesens nullaque expulsa nocentum fraude rudes populos atque aurea regna colebas, mitibus exequiis ades et lugentis Etrusci oerne pios fletus laudataque lumina terge, nam quis inexpleto rumpentem pectora questu complexumque rogos incumbent emque favillis aspiciens non aut primaevae funera plangi coniugis aut nati modo pubescentia credat ora rapi flammis? pater est, qui fletur. adeste dique hominesque sacris. proeul hinc,procul ite nooentes, si cui corde nefas taciturn fessique senectus longa patris,si quis pulsatae conscius umquam matris et inferna rigidum timet Aeacon urna: insontes castosque voco. tenet ecce Seniles leniter implicitos vultus sanctamque parentis canitiem spargit lacrimis animaeque supremum frigus amat; celeres genitoris filius annos (mira fides !)nigrasque putat properasse sorores, exultent placidi Lethaea ad f lumina manes, Elysiae gaudete domusjdate serta per aras festaque pallentes hilarent altaria lucos. felix,a I nimium felix plorataque nato umbra venit* lohge Furiarum sibila, longe tergeminus. custos,penitus via longa patescat manibus egregiis* eat horrendumque silentis accedat domihi Solium grate sque supremas perferat et totidem iuveni roget anxius annos* Macte pio gemituj dabimus solacia dignis luctibus Aoniasque tuo sacrabimus ultro infer ias,Etrusce,seni ! tu largus Eoa germina,tu messes Cilicumque Arabumque superbas merge rogisjferat ignis opes heredis et alto aggere missuri nitido pia nubila caelo stipentur cinerestnos non arsura feremus munera, venture sque tuus durabit in annos me monstrante dolor, neqje enim mihi. flere parentem ignotum;similis gemui proiectus ad ignem. ille mihi tua damna dies compescere cantu saadettet ipse tuli quos nuno tibi confero questus. Non tibi clara quidem, senior placidi ssime,gentis linea nee proavis demissum stemma,sed ingens supplevit fortuna genus culpamque parentum occuluit, nee enim dominos de plebe tulisti, sed quibus occasus pariter famulantur et ortus, nee pudor iste tibi;quid enim terrisque poloque parendi sine lege manet? vice cuncta reguntur 32 alternisque premunt, propriis sub regibus omnis terra.;pre'mit felix regum diademata Roma; hanc ducibus frenare datumjmox crescit in illos imperium superis, sed habent et numina legem: servit et astrorum velox chorus et vaga servit luna neo iniussae totiens redit orbita lucis. et(modo si fas est aequare iacentia summis) pertulit et saevi Tirynthius horrida regis pacta, neo erubuit famulantis fistula Phoebi. Sed neque barbaricis Latio transmissus ab orisr Smyrna tibi gentile solum potusque verendo fonte Meles Hermique vadum,quo LydjLus intrat Bacchus et aurato reficit sua cornua limo, laeta dehinc series variisque ex ordine curis auctus honos j semper que gradi prope numina, semper Caesareum coluisse latus sacrisque deorum arcanis haerere datum, Tibereia primum aula tibi vixdum ora nova mutante iuventa panditur, hie annis multa super indole victis libertas oblata venitjnec proximus heres, immitis quamquam et Furiis agitatus,a.begit. hinc et in Arctoas tenuis comes usque pruinas terribilem adfatu passus visuque tyrannum immanemque suis.ut qui metuenda ferarum corda doiiiant mersasque iubent iam sanguine tacto reddere ab ore manus et nulla vivere praeda, praecipuos sed enim merito surrexit in actus nondum stelligerum senior dimissus in axem Claudius et longo transmittit habere nepoti. quis superos metuens pariter tot templa, tot aras promeruisse datur? summi IoiKs aliger Areas nuntius j imbrif era potitur Thaumantide Iuho; stat celer obsequio iussa ad Nepturiia Triton j tu totiens mutata du.'- . his adopted son,Cctavius,who was later Emperor Augustus. 26. nec-furores : slow to anger even at outrages done by foreign triber 27*28. te-castusthads't thou been leader (sc» instead of Julius Caesar', son-in-la w (seoPompey )and spotless Cato would have laid down arms an d submitted to thee ^ Other readings for castus are; castris , constans , concors , captus , tristis . The , phrase, minor in leges ire , means 'submissively accept terms of peace'. Julius Caesar and Pompey are often called eocer and gener respectively;cf.Verg. Aen,,vi,830. us 29. laterum passus :two interpretations are offered , broad flanks , and, strides * Iulia tecta; the Basilica Iulia. 30. illinc ;on the rider's left, regia Pauli t Basilica of Aemilius Paulus . 3i. pater ; Vespasian. Concordia : the temple of Concord, 32. ipse ;the rider, Domitian. The emperor himself is addressed at the same time. St. often changes the person abruptly, caput r^rk. ace. St., following the conventional method, describes the rider, as well as the horse, by beginning with the head and passing to the feet* 33. templa superfulges :the statue was not, of course, higher than the temples, but, to one standing beside it, the height might have seemed greater, 3tu contemptis flammis tPomitjan restored numerous buildings which had been burnedjcf,Suet.Dom.5. ^>* tacita face tthe fire on the hearth in the temple of Vesta was kept covered, Troicus ignis ;the fire brought from Troy by Aeneas. 36, exploratas ministrag tthe emperor, as head of the Roman religion, must be responsible for the character of his subordinates, among whom were the vestals. The reference here is to the punishment of the yestalis maxima , Cornelia, who was buried alive |cf,Suet,Dom.8. ~ 37»38. dextra-gravat :his right forbids strife, his left the maid Tritonia burdens not . At least two other ancient equestrian statues are said to have had similar statuettes held in the same way, colla Medusae :the head of Medusa on Minerva's shield. 39, gtinmlis tperhaps the spear held in her right hand is meant, hO. deaesby'the goddsss, for herself , This dative of thelagent St, employs frequently in the Silvae, but not once the ablative of the agent, ^* pectora ; supply sunt ea , talia . evifrlvere curas ; smooth out the troubles , ^2» quis ; for which jdat.pl. Temese : there was a city by this name in Bruttiumj but St., in another poem, Achilleid,I,lji3, appears to identify it with Tamassos in the island of Cyprus. U3» ense quieto j sheathed sword . kh* mucrohe rblade . U6. habitus-equestris :copying the bearing and the spirit of its rider . 1*7. cursum mjnatur threatens to run forward (i f e., appears to be on the point of rushing forward). U8. cui:dat*ref. cuj-impetus : his neck, with bristling mane, is tense and a life-like tremor shows thruout his limbs . U°, suf f ectura :adequate to receive , f?0. yacuae-terrae s in place of a quantity of mere earth . The flowing locks of the Rhine god, lying prone upon the base, were trampled by the horses hoofs. A coin ehows the Rhine at the feet of the emperor himself, 52, hunc :the horse, Arion :the first and fleetest of horses, owned by Hercules and then by Adrastus, king of Argos* i"/hen St. wishes to give special praise to a person or thing, he mentions the famous similar persons or things of all the past and re- presents them as inferior. This usage he frequently employs in the Silvae. 49 53. pavet ; the indicative is used, because a statue of this horse of Castor (sometimes assigned, also, to his brother Pollux) must 'have stood near. Ledaeusj leda was the mother of Castor and Pollux. 56 » perpetuus f penis ? loyal, faithful (wedded) to the reins , uni servjet : the other famous steeds mentioned served more than one master each, astro ? Domitian will be transferred to a star after death. 56,57. vjx-aere t scarce does the earth bear up, thus burdened by so great a weight. It pants beneath it, yet hot because of iron or bronze , ferro, aere g better taken as ablatives of cause than with sub borrowed from the. following verse. 58. genio t a god (sc. Domitian). 60. attrita genu ? in later works of art, Atlas is represented kneeling. 61. nec-morae » no long decays dragged out (sc. the work of building the statue. * ~ ' 62. forma dei praesens t the emperor is meant. 63. miratur-manus t wonder at their hands* unwonted power , pulsus beneath the strain ; causal abl. ~~ " ~ 64. machinal the derricks and similar machinery used in lifting the heavy materials. 66. loci custos : Curtius, A statue of Curtius stood on the site of ■the pool into which, according to th§ legend, he and his horse plunged about 364 B.C. vorago ; chasm . The passage beginning here contains extreme adulation, and reveals the poef's skill in the use of it, 67. lacus ; pool. 68. innumeros-sonitus ? peal on peal of beaten bronze , verbere crudo mugiret w as aroar with lusty (or clangorous) blows, 69. aovet-situ : lifts his face, rough with the marks of venerable age , (as if waking from a. long sleep), St. frequently employs situs, "^ in the Silvae, with the meaning of age or 'oblivion'. 70. quercu ; by saving the lives of his fellow citizens, Curtius had earned the right to wear the crown of oak-leaves, 7i. ingentes-coruscam t mien magnificent and flashing brilliancy . 72. expayit s the accusative with verbs of feeling, a construction relatively infrequent in pre-classica.l Latin, and confined to a few words, but employed rather freely by some writers of the classical period, and still more extensively used by Livy and later writers, is well represented in the Silvae. The list includes? deflere, dolere , expavescere , extimescere , flere , gemere , horrere , ingemere , maerere , pavescere , queri , ridere , stupere , trempereT terque-trepidans t in terror plunged his tall "Head thrice into the pool (a charm against magic, which he feared at first, some think ), ' 73, praeside t the emperor. 74. maghorum-deorum ? child and parent, too, of might lords . The same genitive is both objective and subjective. St. only hoped that Domitian would be the progenitor of rulers, for his only son had been dead for some time. 75, longer from afar . 77. immortale iubar ; immortal splendor (anticipating his apotheosis). 78, cone es sum (sc, sjt" Jl the forms of esse are often omitted, even when the verb is in the subjunctive. 50 NOTES 79, bell a Iovist ' some verb like geris is to be supplied. The reference is supposed to be to a conflict between the troops of Vitellius and some partisans of Vespasian who had taken refuge in the capital. Domitian' s share in the defense of the temple was not creditable; cf. Suet. Dom. i, and Tac. Hist. Ill, 74. The building was burned. Proeli a Hheni: the campaign against the Chatti, undertaken in 83 A.D. , was not successful. Nevertheless Domitian claimed a triumph, 80. civile nefass L. Antonius Saturninus, commanding two legions stationed on the Rhine, headed an unsuccessful insurrection in 88 A.D. tar dum-montem t the mountainfCOuntry (same as domus ardua ,Vj" 7) loath to yield. 8i. Longo Marte: this refers only to the war against the Dacians, which lasted for about five years. Domas ; an instance of zeugma. To govern proelia, bella and nefas , verbs like gerere and comprimere are needed. 83. ire la cu; to plunge into the pool . The same phrase occurs again at 1,5,53. This dative, employed with verbs to indicate the direction or the goal of motion, sj -called poetic or local dative, appears frequently in the Silvae. The most interesting examples are: ire lacu, 1.1,83 and 1,5,53; tellure cadentem, 1,2,109 and V,5,69; "irV polo, 1,2,212; chor is djm i ttim us, 1,5,3; cecid ere vadjs , 11,2,105; yadis redit, 11,3,3; Elys io detulit, 11,3,74; ducit e flammis , 11,4,22; umbri s mittitur , 11,4,33; d emjttat aquis, 111,2,29; missuri caelo, 111,3,36; Latjo transmis sus , 111,3,59; misist i Latio, 111,4,17; argento c adit , 1,5,49. g ed-habe nas j this is the extreme of flattery. Rome would not have suffered the emperor to sacrifice himself to secure her safety, 84. cedat e a uus Oaesarei for i; the horse in Caesar's forum must yield (i.e., in the forum Iulii, facing the temple of Venus Genetrix). 85. traderis : for trade re es , 86. Pellaeo duci: Alexander the Great. The horse was originally meant for him. 87. mirata cer vice ? on his astonished back, vix -illo : with wearied gaze scarce could one calculate how great is the descent from that to this (i.e., from the equestrian statue of Domitian to that of Caesar). 90. regentes: the riders . 91. non: note the emphatic position. 92. Aeolii agmina ca reeris t bands from Aeolus' caverns, horr ett cf. note on expavit , 1, 1 ,72. 93. anno rum moras.: l&P se of years; cf . annorum series et fuga tempo rum , Hor. Od. Ill, 30,5, 94. dum Romana dies: so long as Rome shall exist (till the end of time 7^ 95. turba: family group, loved ones (father, Vespasian, brother, Titus, sister, Domat ilia, and son, name not known.) 98. una-astris: one neck will furnish place for all -the stars . There is here a curious mixture of persons and stars and their attributes. 51 NOTES. 100. mune re; the statue. Apelleae cerae: this expression appears to indicate that Applies - , a great "Greek painter of the time of Alexander the Great, practiced also 'the encaustic art. scribere: delineate, portray . The word meant originally only 'to outline'. 101. optasset-Iovis: the venerable Greek (i.e., the famous sculptor /"Phidias) had chosen a likeness of thee for a new temple of Elean Jove ? cf . te similem. 111,3,201. 102. tua mitis ora Taras mallet: mild Tarentum would prefer thy face . "The "cl iiriate~of "Tarentum was mild and the people peaceable. In that city was a colossal statue of Zeus, the work of tysippus, 104. lumi nat eyes . Rhodos aspera: the surface of the island was rough~and the people we re"wix like. At the city of Phodes was the noted colossus made by Chares. 105. certus ames terras? be firm in your love for the earth . ■■ ■ ■-■- , . ' T I |III J !'»l.^.—..— I ■ !■ I,U| ) I .H . ■■^■■■■1 —— ■■ I ■ ■ II I I ^» W I P I II» 106. cae!j.i aula: the court of heaven . 107. hu^Q~donpT the statue. 52 NOTES. 1,3 The Tiburtine Villa of Manillus Vopiscus. The exact site of the villa can not be determined* We know noth- ing of Vopiscus except what Statius tells us here. He wrote lyric and epic poetry, satire, and peetic epistles (cf. verse ioif.). i. cernerei St. frequently begins his shorter poems with some striking word or phrase or word order, as: 1,4, Sstis, io, super j ; 11,3, Stat, quae; IV, 9, Est san e iocus iste. Tib"u r gla_cialejt his cool villa near Tibur, in the hills east of" Rome. 2. se_ quis p otuit t any one who (whoever) has the good fortune , who has been permitted , in sert o-penate s; his double~palaoe with the Anio between. — — 3. sociae-rjpae : to know the friendly commerce of the allied banks . 4. certantis-v jlla s i the villas striving each to keep the master for itself . 5. jliumi-astrot no Sirius with burning star has barked at him . This is the poet's way of saying that the heat of the hot season did not make itself felt in the villa. The ace, with latrare is rae. St. employs the construction in two other passages onlys Silv. 11,1,184 and Theb. 1,551, 6 . nec-alumnus : nor has baleful ward of leafy Nemea gazed upon . The double reference is to the constellation leo and to the Nemean lion slain by Hercules. 7. talis-frigora ? such is the winter in his halls (i.e., beneath these roofs such coolness reigns), so do the emboldened frosts subdue the sun . It is possible to regard tectjs as either loc. abi, or dat..of possession. Here improba is used in a good sense j _ cf, also 1,6. 5Ui, where the. word aeans 'plucky'. . _,. 8. pi saeu m-annumf this home glows with Heat not^even in Pisaean season . Games were held at Pisa in mid-summer, i.e., at Olympia near Pisa in Elis. 9. ipsa-rVoluptas : Pleasure herse l f, along with you , (is said, i.e., supply £ertur or a similar word) to have sketched it with her dainty hand ; cf . note on scribere , 1,1,100. The passage is not satisfactory. Something, perhaps a single verse, has apparently been lost from the poem here. In tecum the reference may be to Vopiscus or to same divinity mentioned in the missing portion. 10,11,12. tunc-natoss then Venus with Idalian essences bedewed the dwelling, touched it gently with her tresses and imparted charming beauty to the home, and bade her winged children not depart thence ; cf. Verg. Aen. 1,403, ambrosia eque comae " diyi num vertice odorem spiravere . 15. i ngeni um-loolst what gentle nature has the soil I what beauty had this favored region even before the hand of man embellished it! 17. o jtatis-vad is: overhang the hurrying waters. 20. Anien, nominative. 21. saxeu s : rocky, and so, tumultuous, ponj t: stills, ceases, 23. Pjerios djest days given to the muses, devoted to study and writing, haoentes-somnos ; sorig^producing slumbers. That songs come to poets while they sleep, was an old belief. 53 NOTES. 24» litus-domi t both banks are of the home (comprise the home), each bank is a part of the home, tes the villa. Some think that an imaginary visitor is meant. 25. praetor ia ; originally praetorium meant 'general's tent 'or 'offi- cial residence'; later it meant 'fine residence' of some wealthy person; of. 11,2,49. 26, non- que runt ur ; complain not that the farther waters hinder -them (from uniting). Some other examples of the neuter plural of an adjective with the genitive of the whole, in the Silvae, arej 11,1,221, lubrica vitae t V,2,37, jsurarum asperr ima; V,3,232, patris invia Tarpei . ~ 27, The reference is to the story of Hero and Leander. The latter swam across the Hellespont from Abydos to Sestos. 28. ephebot dat. agt. 29. nullis-prooellis t here no storms have rights (ever come). 30, d&tur hie transmitter ei can here be sent across, numquam-aqui s : never do the waters seethe. 31,32,33, sie-Pelorum t thus refluunt waves hold Chalcis back, thus Bruttian shores, divided by the deep, (sc. from Sicily) beholds Sicanian Pelorus. Chalcida: ace. sg. 35. auratas trabe s; gilded cross-beams of the ceiling. Mauros postis: Korrish pillars. Citrus wood from north-west Africa Is" meant. This was often beautifully marked and it took a high polish. 36« pict urata -vena: glistening marbles with their colored veins. 37. emissas-nymphasj streams of water sent thru all the chambers (sc. in marble" channels) . In the homes of the wealthy, such luxury was not uncommon. 39,42. Or you who gaze, palace, on the fords below, or upward toward the silent forest, where is complete quiet for you and the night, disturbed by no wild tempest, is still, and the murmurs imitating darkling slumbers. 43. graminea suscepta crep idine balnea t baths supported by the grassy"Tank. 44. algentibuss the waters of the Anio were quite cold. 45,46; vap or j fe r i s -nympha s : the river, joined to steaming furnaces, laughs at the panting mymphs within the stream hard by. 47. artes- manua t works of art, the handi-work of men of old. 48. yiyal life-like. 49. cont ingere ; to adorn. The infinitive with dignus is confined to poetry. 50,51. and what in silver first or in a baser Ketal the artist's hand, by way of practice, fashioned (i.e., lusit) and thus learned by experience how to create giant statues. 53. oalcabam t trod upon, nam-f iguris » for bright light streaming from above (sc. thru a dome in the roof) and tiles reflecting the brilliant sunshine showed a ground where floor made beautiful by various arts rejoices and excels mosaic wi th its novel figures. The brilliancy of the light was intensified by the reflection from the ceiling, the last layer of which probably consisted "of plates of polished glass ( testae ). 57. exp avere g radus; my fofct-steps faltered, awe -struck, iungenti a teetas there was apparently a lower, middle portion of the palace uniting two other higher parts which were not joined to* gether above. 54 NOTES. 59,6is -Jhy jrou, who, harbored in the house's midst, emerge, tree, from the roof and polished pillars into the clear air, who under any other master would have suffered cruel axe-blows-. 62. ignaro ' non abrupt os debet annos: owes to you (sc. Vbpiscus) who know it > no£7 Her "Tbiiger 1 e a se of life (i.e., her years not cut short by violence). The passage is a difficult one. Some read demet for debet . In that case, ignarae , referring to the tree, would appear to^be needed. If VopTscus is addressed, this is another instance of sudden change of person! cf ♦ note- . on I,i,32. 64. al ternas-m ensast tables spread now on this bank, now on that.., 65. limpid pools and fountains gushing high from out their midst, 66. per- amne m; the waters of the aqueduct flowed within a lead pipe which passed thru the river. 67. audaoi plumbi ; in your daring (conduit of) lead. 6®,6»I or is the by-path which conducts the stream of Blis beneath Ionian waves to Aetna's ports the only dear one? The ref- erence is to the story of the pursuit of the nymph Arethusa by the river-god Alpheus. 70. ipse Anien g laucos exutus amictuss Anio himself, (i.e., the river god) doffing his sea-colored robes, et fonte relicto ? even leaving his own fountain. ~ 73. ingenarcadit : plunges huge into the pool. 74. Tiburnus: the mythical founder and guardian of Tibur. 75. AjtbgSaT" goddess of a stream near by (or lake, as some think) Whose waters were impregnated with sulphur, and so, whitish. 76 <-78s this home could sever (call away) sylvan Phoebus from Egeria, could rob the cool Taygetus of its dryad bands, and summon (i.e., lure) Pan from the Lycaean woods. Egeriae is dative of separa- tion, Panas ace. sg. 79. templa Tirynthiat temple of Hercules at Tibur. Hercules grew up at Tiryns, in Argolis. The worship of Hercules at Tibur was the chief one. Sort es? lots, oracles and equivalent here to, 'decrees' or 'commands'. 80. Praenes- inae sorore st the sisters of Praeneste. These had prophetic power, pot erant migrare; could have moved (and, of course, would have moved) to this house. 81. bifera A lcinoi p omari at the twice-yielding (i.e., twice annually} orchards of Alcinous, The poet means here, of course, the orchards of vbpiscus wr>ose fruitfulness was like that of . the orchards of Alcinous, told of by Homer, Od. VII,, 117. 83. Telegoni j uge rat Tusculum. Telegonus was son of Ulysses and Circe, and founder of Tusculum. 84. Luigri nae dom us t Baiae is meant, l itus J5*uenti Antiphatae: shores of the bloodthirsty Antiphates. The coast near Formiae is mean t. 85. iuga Circes j Circe's heights (the promontory Circsii). 86. Dull chi is i'-l up i s : howled over by (over whieh howled) Dulichian wolves. The companions of Ulysses, from the little island of Dulichion, were transformed by Circe into vo Ives, or, according to HOmer, into swine, lupist dat. agt; cf . note on mihi , 1.1,40. 87. sedes-anus: Caieta is meant. The nurse of Aeneas, Caieta, was buried at the place called afterward by her name; cf. Verg. Aen. , VJl,l to 4. She owes this to Aeneas. 55 M0T3S. 88* 8oXibtt8 artiss when suns (i.e.., days) are short. Midwinter is raeantj of. the equivalent brum in the next verse, 89. avia: far from, inaccessible to {winter) . Where this winter home was is not known. Some read Antia for Avia . 90» biot in the villa at Tibur. illi-mores: your well-trained mind will ponder weighty questions. 91. premiturs is observed, maintained. The verb has a like force in pre s sere silentia, 1. 2, ©4, virtus serena fronte gravis: grave and serene virtue. 92. a anus nitor* sane splendor, iuxu-deliciae: pleasures lacking all extravagance. 94. desertp hor tot abl. abs. Cargettiu s : Epicurus, who was born in Gargettus in Attica. 95»98» haec-via: one might well seek these thru Aegea's storms, beneath the snowy Hyades and the Olenean star (i.e., constella- tion of the kids), yes, even tho the ship must be entrusted to Malea and the way be thru Sicilian surges. The poet means, make a sea-voyage in midvwinter past the dangerous promontory at the southeastern extremity of Greeoe and thru .the straits of Sicily, oculist dat. ref. (person judging); of. 111,5,111, sine ma tiEi sdrd ebunt tecta Quirini. 99. hie tua Tiburtes Faunos Chelys iuvat; your shell (i.e., lyre, harp J~de lights here Tibur ' s fauns • 100. dictum lyra maio re Catillu m: Catillus sung on mightier lyrej of. Verg. Aen. ~Vli,®72 and Hor. Od.I,18,2. Catillus is sometimes called one of the founders of ^ibur. 101-103? whether the mood possess yoUfnow to vie With Pindar's strains, now to raise the song to heights heroic or to thrill the chords with angry, blighting satire. 106. cuiu s-Tagus; whose well-watered fields the yellow Hermus should have traversed and the Tagus with its glittering sand. These two streams were famed for their gold-bearing sand, rigis, limos descriptive ablatives. 108. sic-otja; thus nay you enjoy your learned ease. 1,5. The Baths of Claudius Etruscus, Martial tells of these Baths in an epigraM,VT,42. The location is not known. 1. Helicona: ace. sg. pulsat: knocks (at the door or gates of, to ask for aid), call's upon, gravi p leotrot with heavy plectrum (in serious, earnest strain). 2. iassata mihit wearied by me. 3. chorisj to thy choruses} cf . note on ire lapu, J,i,83. Euhan t Bacchus . 4. muta ferae sonorae terga premas: keep mute the back of the melodious beast, iercury fashioned the first lyre from the shell of a tortoise. Tegeaee ; I ercury. Tegea was a city in Arcadia near Mt. Cyllene, the ohief haunt of keroury. The poet often indicates a country or a section of it by employing 56 NOTES. the name of some city in it; he also refers to a locality by naming a place near it. The places mentioned are not always important or well known and the allusions are frequently not clear. S. re gem ignis: Vulcan. 7. Sicu la-rub~eh tem; ruddy from Sicilian forge. One version of the myth placed Vulcan's work-shop beneath lit, Aetna. 8. Thebaej the poet will interrupt, for a while, his labors on the long epic, the Thebaid; Thebes, therefore, is told to lay down her arms for a time. 9. dilec to sodali: for a loved companion, lascivirei make merry, play Tsing~Tn" _ lighter strain). 10. iung e cyathosj multiply the cups, serve cups in quick succession. enu merare laboraj labor to count, make them so numerous that it will be difficult to count them. 11* ounctantem: hesitating, silent, intende: string. 12, nitidi s gemmantia saxis? sparkling "with glittering marbles. 13, pr ooax-hederisque t wanton in head-band and ivy, soluta - yerecunda: doffing modest leafage (i.e., laurel, sacred to ApolloT. 14, Clio meaj my muse, Etruso ot for Etruscus. 15, yirides: green. This attribute is often applied to the v divinities pf the seas, rivers and fountains, liquidos: belonging to the water, or, having the color of water7~or, possibly, dripping with sea-water, as in rorantja lumi na, II, 2,102. 16, yit reu mt glassy, shining. 17, vejste "nihil tectae: robeless. nihil: adverbial ace. 19, non_ soliicitare iuvat: I have no desire to trouble, i.e., call on for assistance. 20, fonte dolosoj? of treacherous fountain; descriptive abl, Salma- cis, nymph of a noted fountain in Lydia, forcibly detained the son of Hermes and Aphrodite. 21, yiduae -f lumina? widowed Oenone's stream made dry by weeping, Cebrenis (i.e., Oenone), daughter of the river-god, Cebren, was wooed by Paris and then deserted. 22, Herculea, praed& trjx alumni: she who stole the ward of Hercules. IVhile Hyias was trying to fill his urn, he was drawn into the water and detained by the nymph Dryope. 23, ajhi : ethical dat. septena: for septem. 24, attollitis : swell, 25, Anient nominative* e xcep tur a» Vi r go : Virgo soon to welcome swimmers. This aqueduct supplied the wate» for many public baths. 27, Marcia: this aqueduct started in the country of . the Peligni and crossed that of the Marsi. prae eel sis-cre scit: nvhose wandering waters surge thru lofty barriers (i.e., the conduits, carried on arches of masonry for long distances), 28, innumerp arou; on countless arches, pendens: suspended, up- lifted. 30, dpmus: the baths of Etruscus, 31, ditius; more grandly, tenuit: guided, mariti: Vulcan. 32, neu-ureret : and that no mean flame might light his forge fires. 57 NOTES. 34. hue ; into this structure. Thasos, Carystos ; marble from the island of Thasos and from Carystos in southern Euboea is meant. That from the quarries of Carystos had markings resembling the waves of the. sea. It showed almost all shades of green in a white ground. The green veins appeared sometimes in parallel bands. This is said to have been the first colored marble brought to Rome. It was one of the marbles most extensively employed by the ancients, and was also one of the best known. 35. onyx t a marble quarried in Egypt and northern Africa. It was usually of a yellowish color, but was sometimes white, rose-tinted, violet-tinted, bright red or green. The Egyptian onyx was famous. queritur exclusus t grieves that it is not admitted , ophites ? green serpentine. The ground was deep green and this was dotted with small oblong, star-shaped, and cross-shaped crystals which' were light green, yellow or brown in color. One ancient author, Pausanius, says that the stone is especially fitted to adorn swimming-baths and fountains. 37. purpura ; porphyry, Synnados : gen. sg. of Synnada, name of a small city of Phrygia. 38. cruentavit r stained, flecked with blood. The marble was white or bluish white and marked with spots of fed, Reod the story of Attis in a dictionary of classical antiquities. See note on II, 2, 87. 39. and Sidon* s (s tone) with that of Tyre cuts thru the white . The marble of Tyre and Sidon is mentioned only here and in I,2,i5i. The color was red, according to Statius, 40. Eurotaes for Eurotas, i.e., for the green marble found near the Eurotas river, vjridis-viriat ; where the long green line alter - nates with the stone of Synnada . Wall incrustation is meant," 41. non cessant r do not yield , are not les"s grand than the walls. 42. vario vitro ; vari-colored glass, glass of many hues , fastigja t the highest parts of the vaulted ceiling ( camerae ). 43. in-nitent t gleam forth in life-like figures , atupet t marvels. 44. complexus ignis t the fire in the furnace sent heated air thru pipes in the walls. The hot air had the rich art-treasures on the walls in its embrace, par ejus imperat t moderates its heat . 45. dies ; light, radiis totist with aljliis beams / 46. alio aestu t the heat of the sun is surpassed by that of the fur- nace. improbus uritur ; the rogue is scorched . 47. Temesaea aefa ; bronze; cf. note on Temese, I, i, 42. 48. argento "propellitur s from silver (pipes ) pours. 49. argento cadi t t into silver (.b asin) falls ; cf. note on ire lacu ,I, i, 83. labris-instat t lingers in the glittering basins . 50. delicjas-suas' r admiring its own luxuries , abire recusat? loth to leave. Because the basin is always full, the water appears stationary. 51. niveo qui margine vivit; which flows in snow-white channel (marble) ~~~ "~~ 52. infundumj to the bottom , patet; is clear, transparent. 53. ire lacuT plunge into the water ; cf , verse 49, pigros: encumbering, cumbrous, exsolvere: doff. 54. hoc prof undo ; from these waters ; the reference is to the story that Aphrodite' ( "Venus ) sprang ' from the ses, near the island of Cythera. 58 NOTES. 55. te- vide res ; could have seen. Narcissus, your clear image better . 56. et deprensa : even at the risk of captur e. 57. strata solo tabulat a: floor laid on the ground ; the wooden flooring of the room in which tennis was played, crepantjs auditur a pilast which is to hear the noisy balls . 58. languidus ignis: but little heat was sent to the tennis-court. 60. novus hospe s ab t a guest for the first time, fresh from . 61. fas sitt I hope I may without giving offense . 62. lotus x for lautus , from lavare . 63. sudare t perspire" "(in that room of the bath called sudatorium). mact e : blessings on you. nitenti ingenio puer: youth of brilliant talents . 65. and may your fortune now learn better to arise again. This may have reference to the hoped for return of his father from exile. 59 NOTES 1,6. The Calends of December. The poet describes an entertainment in the theatre given the people by Domitian. Such carnivals at the time of the Saturnalia, were not rare during the empire. 1. severa ; strict, stern . In another passage of the Silvae ( 1,4, 19 and 20) Apollo, Minerva and the Muses are excused from assisting, 2. procul-f eriotae ; go take vacation far away . 3. Iani Kalendis ; on January first . 4, compede exsoluta ; his shackles removed . Saturn, after his over- throw, was bound. His temporary release symbolized the lipense allowed even the slave class during the several days of the Saturnalia, 5, multotmero i many festivals were held in December, 6, ridens-protervi ; laughing Jest and wanton Witticisms , 8, parten : perhaps some Greek word is Concealed in this ^meaningless term. Other readings suggested are, partem , paoem , noctem , 10, bellaria-plueba.nt » dainties from the awning 'rained down ; : Probably linea means here the awning, stretched .over thev -theatre to keep out the sun; but it may mean 'line' or 'woven nets.' This method of distributing gifts among the crowds on such occasions was not uncommon. 12, qujcquid nobi^e t whatever of excellent quality . In this and the two following versas, the poet wishes us to understand as meant, nuts from Pontus, dates from Palestine, and plums from Damascus, 13, Idumest gen, sg. 14, pia Damascos t reverent Damascus , because many religious cults were represented there, 15, gb.oeia Caunos; fig-producing Caunos , may be the meaning, Ebosia or Ebusus, was an island east of Spain, noted for its fine figs, Caunos was an ancient town on the coast of Caria, It, too, pro- duced many fine figs. Some read canni s , and understand the passage, to mean, 'what Ebusea ripens on her canes' . 16, largis rapinis t for generous and free seizure, in great abundance for free seizure ; final dative. On these occasions, the scram- bling for the presents, thrown to the audience, was fierce, and the prizes were often injured or even destroyed, 17, molles t because made of flour, not of clay. gajoli : cakes, probably in the form of men, i.e., little Gaiuses- , lucuntuli ; cakes , probably in the form of wolves; .of. Grk. Xj£jL.<2J~ 18 , massis non perustis ? masses not yet mellow ripe . Amerina (sc. mala or pira )t fruit from Ameria.in Etruria, 19, mustaceus ; mustcake . latqnte palma ; tho no palm-tree was in sight . ~ " ~ 20, caryotides : nut-shaped dates, cadebant (sc. linea): fell from the awning . 21, inserena Hyas t stormy Hyadps . 22, soluta Plias ? unfettered Plias , The Pleiades, in fact, cause the clouds to let loose their waters. 60 NOTES. 23. per buneos. Lati nos t in the theatre at Rome, 24. grandine-serena t pelted with fair-weather hail , with hail from a clear sky. Some, however, think serena nom. , a modifier of hiems , 'fair-weather down-pour ' . 25. ducat ; conoessive. 27. if only these (such) showers of our Jove (Domitian) f al 1 for u s. 28. oaveas-omnis : thruout the theatre (i.e.. the part where the spectators sat) appears suddenly. • 29. specie , cultut abls. of respect; they refer to personal ap- pearance and to attire. 30* a second people (throng) no fewer In number than those sitting . 32. subvectant ; distribute . 33. marcidat languor inducing . 34. o ne would think them .just as many servants from Mt. Ida (i.e., every one a Ganymede, such as Jove's eagle carried up from Ida to be cup-bearer). 35. o rbem t the first fourteen rows of seats in the theatre, those set apart fcr the knights, are meant. In the amphitheatre, these would make a great circle. Some think that, in this passage, the senators in the orchestra are included, qua ; in so far as f 36. alis t thou dost feed» feast, (addressed to Domitian). Togatas? Domitian required citizens to appear in the theatre clad in the toga, 37. pascas t concessive. 38. superba t haughty. The goddess Annona, who held in her hand the life of Rome, was frequently called superba by Latin writers, nescitt because the entire expense was borne by the emperor. 42, and harvests did not get ahead of (forestall) the lagging season . This is said with reference to the bountiful harvest in December, on this occasion. Another view is, that tardum annum means, 'the last months of the year'. 45, libertast the license allowed during the Saturnalia. 46, tus Domitian. quis deorum t what god, hoc vocare ; invite hither (sc. the emperor). In this verse and the next, hoc is the same as hue . 47, promittere hoc; promise that he would come hither . 50. ducisj the emperor, 52. the fleeting pleasure of seeing (spectacles) escapes us , i.e., we miss, in part. 53. the sex that krows nothing of (has no skill in the use of) the sword stands there ( sc. ready for battle). Such combats be- tween women were not uncommon in Hero's reign, and were apparent- ly seen also at the time of Domitian. 54. with what bravado does it enter into conflicts masculine 1 56. Thermodontiaoas turmas: Thermodon's bands , tht, Amazons who dwelt about the river Thermodon. oalere : were engaged in fierce conflict. 57, hio : hereupon, at this point , audax ordo pumilorumt a doughty company of dwarfs. 61 NOTES 58,59. whom, stunted in their development (brevis) , nature . her -work being at once realized, in their case, bound once for all ( seme 1 ) into a knotty bunoh . 61. and threaten death ( with what a hand l) each to his foe . 63. and the cranes which are to descend (i.e.. to be tossed down among the spectators) presently for random seizure, capture. The association of the two names here calls up the story, which had become proverbial, of the traditional enmity exisiting be- tween the cranes and the pygmies, and of their incessant warfare. 67. faciles emi pjuellae; court e sans « 70. here in a group, wanton Lydian maidens clap their hands. These and the dancing girls of Cadiz, referred to in the next verse, were in bad repute. 71. ^nnulae Gadest tinkling Cadiz ( oastanet playing girls of Cadiz). 73. plebs scaenica: the actor crowd. These were held in low esteem. qui- sulpur ; and those who trade for broken glass their sulphur lumps. Other writers, also, speak of these as among the humblest of the class of peddlers who carried their wares from house to house. 75, 76. amidst this all, with sudden swoop, come dropping thru the air (by way of the stars, from the heavens) vast clouds of birds. 77. quas z probably object of legit , to be supplied from legunt in the next verse. But some think that a verse, containing the governing word, has been lost. Nilus, Phasis; the people of these regions are meant, 78. udp sub austrot when a moist south wind is blowing . 79,80. lacking are captors (sc. so abundant is the booty) and well- filled pockets rejoice while new presents are made ready . 82. sonantess sounding the praises of . 83. dominum clamant; they shoi.it * dominus ' or ' domine ' ; they acclaim the emperor as lord and master. 84. this alone Caesar forbade . This was mere pretense, for we know, from other., sources, that Domitian liked to have them call him 'lord* and 'god'. 87. flammeus orbisi a ring of flame, i.e., many lights in the farm of a ring. There were devices for lighting the theatre thus. 88. Qnosiaca e cpronae: Ariadne's crown, the constellation Corona. Ariadne was daughter of i'inos, king of Crete. This island was often called Gnosia, from Mt, Gnossus, 94. inemptast unbought. costing nothing, because given by the emperor. Another interpretation offered is 'which can not be bought ' . 99« qua m nullo aevo; stronger than, 'in what indefinitely long period'. Sometimes also quam non , 'how entirely not*, is employed for like purpose. i02. quon reddjs Capjtolium s in 82 A. D. , the temple of Jupiter on the Capitoline was rebuilt for the fourth time. 62 NOTES. 11,2. The Surrentine Villa of Pollius Felix. The villa was situated just south of Surrentum. 1» Sirenums the promontory of Minerva, south of the Bay of Naples, was the fabled home of the Sirens, nomine: abl. cause. 2. templis Miner vae : a temple of Minerva, built, so tradition said, by Odysseus, was situated on the most out-jutting point of the promontory. 3. Dicarohe i profundi s Puteoli far below . 4. Bromio dilec tust dear to Br ami us (Baochus). 5. prel isi the wine-presses , i.e., the grapes which were crushed in the wine. presses. i 6. quinquennia ; for quinquennalia, a contest in declamation and athletic sports held at Naples, the native city of Statius, every four years. 7. stadio t on the course, pigra qui est dull calm. 8. Ambracias-frondes t the contestants having turned their thoughts to the laurels of Ambraoia. This was a town of Epirus where games were to be held a little later. 9» gentile fretum; native bay , i.e.. Bay of Naples, placi di; gentle. St. frequently employs this adjective when Bpeaking of friends. 10. detulit? drew, attracted, with perhaps a playful addition of the meaning 'enticed', 'turned aside', i.e., from the return journey to Rome, nitidaet charming, a term which here may be understood to include the two ideas, 'attractive in appear- ance', and 'refined', juve nili s: a complimentary epithet; Polla was already advanced in age and a grandmother. 11. limi t e no to; along its well-known path. 12. t erjtur : is traveled, trodden, worn away . 13. i uvere morae » the so.journ was a pleasant one, lunata: crescent, shaped. 14. pei 4 rump un t; sweep thru. 15. montiq ue -litu s : and one (the only) beach interrupts the high and otherwise unbroken line of cliffs. 46. et-e xit ? makes its exit landward, extends landward, between beetling crags. 17, gratia: charm, beauty , gemina testudinet there were two vaulted roofs, under one a sea-bath, under the other a fresh- water bath, f uman t: the water was artificially heated. 18* e terris dulcis nympha: sweet, fresh water from landward , 19. uda orine s: the two words explain Cymodoce , which means 'wave- receiver '. crine s t Grk. ace. 21i domum ; probably the building containing the bath; not the residence proper, moderator undae : a statue of Neptune is meant. 22. excubat : stands guard, huius spuman t templ a; his tempi© is flecked with foam. 24. Alcides i a small, old temple of Hercules standing on the shore a short distance froir the bathe. 63 NOTES i 25. hie, hi oi the one, the other , i.e., Hercules, Neptune. 27. insani a ustri ; the south winds often brought violent rain-stormr 28* pr aeceps hiemss the headlong north wind, nullo tumultu ; abl. attendant circumstance. 29. stagnas the stillwaters of the inner part of the bay. 30. per obliquas arces t the long colonnade extended not in a straight line but changed course at intervals, e rep it ; climbs. 31. urbis opus: a conventional expression employed to signify an undertaking of great magnitude, domat: tames, domineers over , dor&g: the pavement of the colonnade. 32. where earlier the sun's rays mingled with the blinding dust . 33. fe ritas inamoena; an unattractive wildness . 34. Eghyresj gen. sg. of Ephyre, a name of Corinth. 35* culmen: probably a temple of Bacchus on a hill above Corinth; but, according to another view, the citadel of Corinth. Iaoo Lyae( Inoan Lvaeus . i.e., Bacchus whose nurse was Ino. Semita tecta ; covered portico. 36. mihi indulgeat amnest this use of the verb with dative and accusative is post-Augustan. Drinking the waters of fountains and streams, haunted by Apollo and the muses, gave poets inspiration. 37. Pirnplea* a famous fountain, and its nymph, of Pieria in Thessaly. vol ant is unguJLa equi t hoof (sc. print, mark) of the flying steed . The reference is to the fountain Hippoorane (i.e., horse-fountain) near frit. Helicon. The fountain gushed forth, so the story said, where the winged horse, Pegasus, touched the earth with his hoof. 38. sedets should allay, still (sc. sitim) . arcana Phemonoe t secret (telling) Phemonoe P daughter of Apollo, and priestess at Delphi, 39, vel-urna? an extreme compliment to the poetic talents of Polliust he receives inspiration directly from the god Apollo. 40, turbavits has stirred, disturbed ; he draws from the very depths . 41. species c ultu squet natural and artificial beau-fr ies; of. 111,5,89, where the same expression again appears. 42, vix suffecere oculi: with difficulty were the eyes equal to the t ask, or dine longoj abl. cause. 43, vix auf f e ce r e gradus r the meaning is, that the mere walking from place to place tired him out, so many were the interesting sights. 44, loci ingen iumt the natural excellences of the spot . 45. mirer: delib. subj. This is our poet's regular method of entering upon descriptions which tax his powers, haec domu s; th is part, or side, of the home. 46, Phoebi te nerum iubar ; the splendor o f the new< . born sun . 47. negat dimitteres ref uses to surrende r, i.e., unwillingly re- leases. The house was so built that the rooms, on the west side, caught the last lingering rays. 48 . mentis opaoi umbra i shadow of the darkening hills . 49, praetpria: pal ace, palatial residence; cf , note on praetorj.a , 1,3,25. In the late evening, the mansion is mirrored in the bay. 64 NOTES. 50, Jj&ect the rooms on the west, haec tecta: the rooms on the east, 52. favit natu ra ; some portions of the site were naturally so beautiful, we are to understand, that Pollius left them practi- cally unchanged, hic -oe ssit: here (i.e., in other parts 1 ) vanquished, she yielded to the artist. 53. et-ususj and has been so tamed that she submissively subserves unwonted purposes . 54« lustra: thickets , haunts of wild creatures. 56. ilium secuta humus: the land yielding, submitting to him. formantem rupe s: giving shape to the rocks . 58, iugum discentia saxat rooks learning to bear the yoke. 59» ^*r§ntes domost the picture is that of a palace appearing as if by magic, iussum r e c ede re montom t a mountain withdrawing at his bidding. 60, iam cedat: n ow must yield, i.e., in view of these wonders you have accomplished. Ket hymnaei vatis man us : the hand ( skill) of Methymna's b ard, i.e., Ar ion. chelys una Th ebais : the Theban shell f too, i.e., Pindar's lyre, una: adverb. 61, Getici plectrij the harp of Orpheus, 62, The reference is to the miraculous power of the music of Orpheus' lyre. 63, Yeteres* by the hands of the old masters, such as, Iflyron, Praxiteles, Pheidias, Polycletes, Apelles. ceraer wax , first employed in encaustic painting; here used for painting in general. 64, a nimas se s to have given life to. made life-like . 65, sj -manu st whatever admirable work the hands of Pheidias chiseled while Pisa was still vacant, i.e., before he made the famous statue of Zeus at Olympia. Pisa is a city near Olympiaj cf . note on Tegeaee, 1.5,4. 67. caelo: by the chisel . 68. bronzes, more precious than ?;old T made from the ashes of burne d Corinth. 69. ducum vatum sa pientumt c aptains, bards. sap;es. 71. animum: direct object of compo situs employed wi th middle force. 72. semper tuus: always your own, never servile. 73. _ culmina- vi ce s : vie w-points and their varied scenes, sua cuigue: each ( chamber) has its own . 74. pr oprium mare: its own sea- view . trans que iacentem lie re a: and be yond the waters lying far below. Nereus, sea-god father of the Nereids, here stands for sea. 75. diver s : j s-f en e str is : each window has its own land- view. 76. Inarimen: from the time of Vergil on, a poetic name for Ischia, a small island west of the Bay of Naples. 77. armiger Hector is j Misenus; Verg. Aen. VI, 166. The reference is to the promontory of Fisenum. ma^ignum: noxious . 78. aera ; ace. sg. pelago ci rcum flua: sea-girt. Nesisj a very small volcanic island, originally only a crater, jiist off Misenum. 79» TJt&is^carinis: Euploia (i.e., temple of Aphrodite Euploia on a height) ha ppy omen for wandering keels . Euploia means 'fair voyage ' . 65 NOTES. 80. ferit exerta Kegalia; Megalia, stre tchin g fo rt h, strikes . Me gal i a was a, small island Just south of Naples and immediately below the height on which stood the temple of Aphrodite Euploia. 81,82. your Limon gazes at your Surrent ine home, in the dist ance, and is troubled because its master rests over opposite it . Limon; a villa of Pollius between Puteoli and Naples. 83. 4A&9ty>„* the word probably means separate rooms here. 8 4» Parthenopent Naples, A local tradition said that the city was oalled Parthenope from the name of a siren who was buried near by. de rep to limite ponti: straight across the sea , i.e., bay. 85. ingerit t the view of Nsp les, from the room was so distinct that the city was, as it were, thrust upon the vision. 86. quod-Sye nes j that which the markings of Oriental Syene sprinkle s . The predominating color was red. Syene was on the Nile south of Thebes. 87/. which Phrygian picks quarried i n sad Synnas. Another name for Synnas was Synnada; cf. 1,5,41. The reference is to the myth concerning Attis, a young shepherd, who was loved by Cybele and became her priest, but afterward broke faith with her and inflicted punishtrent upon himself. Some Synnadic marble had red spots in it. These were explained as due to the shed blood of Attis; cf. note on 1,5,38. 88. Cybeles; gen. sg. ubi-gyrot w here, in the painted stone, the white ground is marked with rings of red. 90. molle s herbaa: tender grass; for Spartan marble was green. 92. hie? in another place , flav entia gaxa? Numidian marble Varied in color from straw tint to rich yellow, the latter being predominant. 93. Carystos t at the southern extremity of Euboea, overlooking the sea; of. note on Garystos, 1,5,34. 94. omnia ob versa saluta nt: all ( the se ) face and greet . Chalcidicas turre s: Naples, a colony from Cumae which was founded by people from Chalcis in Euboea. 95. Graia arva t this means the country adjacent to Naples. 96. Di carch i moeniat Puteoli. 97. nos ; we Neapolitans. 98. ponto noval ia iniecta: plow-lands stretching out into the sea. 99. madida s neotaret dripping with nectar, i.e., covered with vineyards. 100. pubescente Lyaeo: when the grapes are ripen ing. 102. paimite~ mat uro : ripe bough, bough loaded with~ripe grapes. rorantia lumina: ' dripping face. We get the picture "of the vine- branches brushing the sea-water from the faces of the Nereids, as they reach for and pluck the grapes. 104. sparsa-fluotuj the v intage is scattered in the adjacent .waters . The~f lightened and fleeing Nereid drops the grapes as she hastens into the sea. 105. Satyri~vad isi the satyrs fall into the flood. 66 NOTES. 106. goridat ace. sg. Doris, same as Nereus, one of the fifty- daughters of Mereus and Doris. Panes: the poets came to speak of many Pans as they did oF many Cupids. No distinction is made between Satyr i and Panes here. 107 » d omin is ambobu st to both master and mistress, i.e., Pollius and Polla. in annos* to the limit of the years, to the age, i.e. . until they are as old as. 108, Mygdon ii Pyliique senist of Tithonus and the aged Pylian, i.e., Nestor. Mygdonius senex means simply aged Phrygian; but the proverbial aged Phrygian was Tithonus, son of Laomedon, king of Troy. He was granted immortality at the request of his god- dess wife, Aurora. Nestor, of Pylus in Messenia, lived thru three generations, 109. te: same as tellus above, i.e., the site of the Surrentine Villa, oultus in attention, honor ; abl. of respect. It appears, from this and the tiro following verses, that Pollius had a villa at Tibur and one near Tarentum, in addition to his Limon near Puteoli, mentioned in verse 82, and the one which is the subject of this poem. Tir ynthia aula : Hercules (Tirynthius) was closely identified with Tibur, which was a strong center of his cult. There was a famous temple of his there, and the villa of Pollius was near this, we are to suppose. 110. Dicarohe i sinus: the reference is to the villa, Limon, on the shore near Puteoli. _isti: the master; but both are meant. 111. Therapnaei Galaesit Tarentum, near the famous small stream, Galaesus, was founded by Palanthus of Sparta. Therapnae was a small town a short distance from Sparta; of. note on Tegea, I, 5,4, placeea nt some wish to alter this to placeant, that it may harmonize with vincat above, vinetat the grapes of -this region were famous, 112. Pierias exercet arte s? engages in literary labors , does .the work of the muses, 113. volvit moni tust ponders the counsel . Garget tiusj Epicurus, of Gargettus in Attica. 114. n ostram quati t ohelyn t strikes ( the strings of) my lyre, i.e., , composes epic verse like that of the longer poems of Statius, disso na nectit c armi nat unites dissimilar verses, unlike in sound, i.e., composes eleguac poei.is consisting of lines vbich contain alternately six and five verse-feet. 115. minax-iambon ? menacingly unsheathes the avenging iambus . The pioture is of one drawing sword from sheath preparatory to attacking. Archilocnus, of the island of Paros (about 700 B.C.) made iambic verse famous as the vehicle of invective. The name iambi came to signify 'bitterly satirical, abusive verse'. IIS, 117. highly complimentary to Pollius. The siren, herself a singer of such divine skill that none who heard could resist the charm of her song, comes in haste to listen to Pollius who is superiorj and the goddess of wisdom and peetry, Minerva, i.e., her statue in her temple on the promontory of Minerva, nods her approval. nine , nine : from here, from there . The home of the sirens was on the edge of the bay, about half way between the villa of Pollius amd the promontory of Minerva. 67 NOTES. 113. rapidi-flat us t the scurrying v.dnds cease , vetantur: sc, a Neptuno« 119. pelago: .from the deep. 120. blandir chaining, entertaining, diverting. Their playful antics are thought of. That dolphins were fond of music is shown by the story of Arion. 121, 122. the fabulously rich kings of ancient times are referred to here in the order: Midas, Croesus of Lydia, Priam of Troy, and the Persian monarchs. 123. ambigu i fasces t doubtful, uncertain rods , i.e., power. The rods of the lictor typify power, mobile ; fickle . 124. leges; legislative labors , castra ; warfare, terent ; weary . trouble, give concern , pectore magnor with your great heart . 125. voto-om nit superior to every longin g. 12?. dubio in t urbine reru m; in the uncertain whirl of affairs . 128. deprende t- di e s ; the iast day, the day of death, will not surprise . 129. plenum vita; surfeited with life. vilis turba; the common herd. caduciB bonis; perishable f fleeting possessions . 131. s pargimur-casus t scatter to experience the varying vicissitudes of fortune, celsa-errantes ; the p icture is that of one who, from a lofty height, surveys the movements of men below,a reminiscence, doubtless, of the passage in Lucretius beginning at II, 7. 133,134. there was a time when tho applause of the twin lands (i.e., Puteoli his birth-place, and Naples his later home) di stracted you, and you were borne aloft thru the two cities (so. as a high official, in a car, or in a chair carried by men). 135. inde, hinc: in the one city, in the other , venerande; vooative, colonis dat. agt. 136. ads cite ; Pollius was an adopted son of Naples, and gained citizen rights there, l argu s; liberal . 137. juven ile cal ens ; of youthful ardor, glowing with the ardor of youth, plectrique -sup erb us; no satisfactory explanation of this difficult passage has been found. Does the poet nean that Pollius was proud of his skill in his use of the plectrum, which, from the view-point of the philosopher, is a wandering from the path; or does he intend plectri errore to signify 'changing strains'; or may vre interpret the phrase 'roving of the plectrum' to mean clever, deft handling of it? One eminent scholar, Postgate(philol. 64, p. 118) says that pariterqu e anc * pleotrique must change places and that then patriaeque should be substituted for p ariterque. 138. djscussa c aligin e; the fog , i.e., of error, dispelled , cf . Juv. Sat. X,3, remota error is nebu la. 139. illo in alto ? on that well-known ocean . The reference is to the great world of affairs, turmoil, strife. 141. non q uassa t intact . 142. emeritam puppemt bark that has finished its voyage and earned its re]6«»s from further service. 147. tuqu e ; the poet now addresses the wife, Polla. There is a lacuna of perhaps one verse ofter lon,:,e. Some word like p uloherrima doubtless followed longe. nuru s inter; among carried daughter s. ' matrons. Verses 143 to 146 have been placed last, by the scholars, where they appear to belong. The transfer was probabjy due to the error of sor;