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 Lunenburgh, or. The old Eastern district 
 
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LUNENBURGH 
 
 OR THE 
 
 OLD EASTERN DISTRICT 
 
 ITS SETTLEMENT and EARLY PROGRESS : 
 
 With Personal Recollections of the Town of 
 Cornwall, from 1824; 
 
 TO WHICH ARE ADDED 
 
 A History of the King's Royal Regiment of New 
 
 York and Other Corps ; the Names of all those 
 
 WHO Drew Lands in the Counties of-Stor- 
 
 MONT, DUNDAS AND GlENGARRY, UP TO 
 
 November, 1786 ; 
 
 AND 
 
 Several ora-iER Lists of Interest to the Descen- 
 ' DAiNTs of the Old Settlers. 
 
 BY J. F. PRINGLE, 
 
 JUJJ>GE COUNTY COURT 
 
 CORNWALL : 
 
 I'uni.iMiEi) BV THE Standard Printing House 
 
 1800. 
 
PREFACE. 
 
 Five or six years ago I wrote out my personal recollections 
 •of the Town of Cornwall for the past sixty years. On 
 showing the manuscript to sorne of my friends, it was 
 suggested that I should write a history of the town. I acted 
 on the suggestion and began the work, which gradually ex- 
 panded and at length took the form in which it is now offered 
 to the public, " J\ History of the Settlement and Early Pro- 
 gress of Lunenburg or the old Eastern District." To this I 
 have added my personal recollections of the town ; a history 
 of the King's Royal Regiment of New York, the old 84th 
 Regiment, and the Loyal Rangers, the officers and men of 
 which first settled this part of Canada. I also give several 
 lists of names that will, I think, be of no little interest to the 
 •descendants of the original settlers. These lists contain the 
 names in the muster roll of the 2nd battalion of the King's 
 Royal Regiment of New York ; the officers, non-commission- 
 ed officers and men of the Grenadier Company of the 1st 
 battalion of the same regiment ; the officers of both battalions 
 and of the Loyal Rangers, Butler's Rangers, Ebenezer Jes- 
 sup's, Drummond's, Peters' and Leake's corps ; the names of 
 the original settlers, with the numbers of their respective lots 
 •as they appear on McNiff's map, dated ist November, 1786 ; 
 all the officers, non-commissioned officers and men of the 
 .above mentioned regiments who settled in the district, and of 
 
vi Preface, 
 
 the members of Parliament and the pubHc officers who have 
 served in the district from the year 1792. In addition to 
 these are given a list of the officers of the battalion of Fen- 
 cibles raised in Glengarry, Scotland, in the latter part of last 
 century ; of those of the Canadian Volunteers, raised in 
 Canada at the same period ; of those of the battalion of 
 Canadian Fencibles and of one battalion of the Glengarry 
 Light Infantry, raised during the war of 1812 ; of the militia 
 of the Counties as it was in 1802 and 1838, and of the Stormont 
 militia in 1823, and of several of the corps raised during the 
 rebellion of 1837. 
 
 A short sketch of the events of the war of 1 8 1 2 is given, 
 with the names of those who received pensions and medals 
 for the part they took in it. I have endeavored to give as 
 full an account of the old times and old ways as it is possible 
 to arrive at in the present day. 
 
 I am aware that there must be many omissions in my book 
 but the difficulty of getting particulars of the events of a cen- 
 tury ago will be apparent to all, and will, I trust, be taken as a 
 good excuse for my shortcomings. I am indebted to Dr. 
 Ryerson's " Loyalists in North /\merica," Dr. Canniff's 
 " Settlement of Upper Canada," Sabine's " U. E. Loyalists," 
 Croil's " Dundas," Smith's " Gazetteer of Upper Canada in 
 1796," Gourlay's work on Upper Canada, McMullen's " His- 
 tory of Canada," D. Brymner, archivist's " Reports on 
 Archives," the account of the U. E. Loyalists' centennial, &c., 
 &c., &c. for much valuable information, and I have searched 
 in the public records of the counties and the town and in old 
 newspapers, almanacs and magazines, and from all of them 
 have gathered much useful matter. 
 
 I give my hearty thanks to the public officers of the 
 counties, the ministers of the various churches in the town, 
 and to D. Brymner, archivist. Dr. Canniff, the Rose Publish- 
 ing Company, Geo. H. MacGillivray, C. D. Chisholm, J. A. 
 Macdonell (Greenfield), C. W. Young, A. Stafford, and many 
 others of my friends for the assistance they have given me in 
 
Preface. vii 
 
 collecting documents and obtaining material for my self- 
 imposed task. 
 
 The work has been the occupation of many of my leisure 
 hours for the last five years, and I now submit it to the public, 
 hoping that it may be found to contain matter both useful 
 and interesting, and that for its good qualities, such as they 
 may be, its errors and omissions may be overlooked or 
 leniently dealt with. 
 
 Before closing this preface I must allude to the wonderful 
 changes and improvements that have been made in the pre- 
 sent cen.tury, most of them since the year 1820. At that date 
 railways and locomotives were not known. It was not until 
 the autumn of 1825 that George Stevenson proved their power 
 and utility on the Stockton and Darlington road. Steam 
 navigation had been established on inland waters and a few 
 steamers skirted the shores of Great Britain, but the crossing 
 of the great ocean by steam was looked upon as a wild 
 scheme. Lighting by gas had been tried to a limited extent 
 in London, but was by no means in common use until many 
 years later. The use of electricity as a means of communica- 
 tion between distant places may have been thought of, but 
 was not looked upon as anything more than a dream of 
 scientific men. The electric light, the telephone, the phono- 
 graph, photography, steam fire engines, the spectroscope, 
 tubular and, cantilever bridges, roller printing presses driven 
 by steam, machines that make paper by the mile, machinery for 
 making boots and shoes, improvements in spinning and weav- 
 ing machinery, agricultural implements, such as seeders, culti- 
 vators, reapers, mowers, threshing machines and man}- others, 
 appliances for executing public \\-orks, as steam shovels and 
 derricks, steam hammers and pile dri\-ers, hydraulic lifts and 
 presses, appliances for lightening household work as sewing 
 and knitting machines, hot water heaters, cooking stoves and 
 ranges, &c., &c., &c., e\-en the humble friction match, have 
 made their appearance since 1820. 
 
 And what a change has taken place in the British North 
 
viii Preface. 
 
 American possessions since that date. They were then 
 isolated ; with little means of communicating one with an- 
 other ; each had its own government, and, except the feeling 
 of loyalty to Great Britain common to all of them, they had 
 little to bind them together. The population was scanty, 
 their resources small. The great North-west was an Indian 
 hunting ground, under the control of the great fur trading 
 companies — difficult of access and but little known. Now the 
 Provinces, with the exception of Newfoundland, are formed in 
 one Dominion, stretching from the Atlantic to the Pacific, 
 holding within its boundaries an area of about 3;470,392 
 square miles, nearly 500,000 more than the United States. 
 The Atlantic and Pacific coasts are directly connected by rail- 
 ways equal if not superior to any on the continent. A magni- 
 ficent system of canals (soon to be completed by the Sault 
 Ste. Marie canal) connects the waters of Lake Superior with 
 those of the Atlantic ocean. Factories are in operation 
 throughout the land, so that there are not many articles in 
 use that cannot now be supplied by our own people. Our area 
 of wheat-producing land is nearly double that of the United 
 States. We have about one-half of all the fresh water of the 
 globe. Our forests are great and our mineral wealth is un- 
 limited. The population of the British Provinces comprising 
 the Dominion of Canada was not quite 200,000 in 1784. At 
 the last census (1881) it was 5,000,000, having increased 25 
 times. The population of the United States in 1784 was 
 3,000,000 ; at the last census (1880 or 1881) it was 60,000,000, 
 an increase of 20 times. Our climate is cool but healthy, ad- 
 mirably suited to foster the growth of a hardy, energetic and 
 enterprising people such as the Canadians have been and now 
 are. What the future may have in store for us none can tell, 
 but judging from the past we have every reason to believe 
 and trust that to a sober, industrious, law-abiding and God- 
 fearing people, true to themselves and to the great Empire of 
 which Canada forms no inconsiderable part, it can bring 
 nothing but good. If any are fearful and doubting let them 
 
Preface. ix 
 
 ■consider what Canadians have done in the past. Let them 
 believe that the race is not degenerating, and let them pray 
 earnestly the prayer of the auld Scotsman, " Lord gie us a 
 guid conceit i' oursels." 
 
 J. F. PRINGLE. 
 1889. 
 
CONTENTS. 
 
 Chapter I. 
 
 Canada Prior to 1784— Settlement of Upper Canada in that Year— North 
 America in 1750 — Causes of Quarrel between the British and French Colonies. 
 
 Chapter II. 
 
 Disputes between British and French Settlers — Expeditions Planned in 1755 — 
 Braddock and Fort Duquesne — Sir \Yilliam Johnson — Crown Point — Niagara — 
 1756, AVai- Declared — 1757, French Successful at Oswego and Fort William Henry 
 — Fate of Col. ;\Iunro and his Force — 1758, Louisburg — General Wolfe — 
 Ticonderoga — Defeat of Abercrombie — Gallantry of the Highland Regiments — 
 Capture of Forts Frontenac and Duquesne — 1759, Ticonderoga, Niagara Taken — 
 Attack on (Quebec by General Wolfe — His Death — Capture of Quebec — Death of 
 Montcalm — 1760, Advance of General Amherst against Montreal — Surrender of 
 Montreal — Treaty of Paris, 1763 — Conspiracy of Pontiac. 
 
 Chapter III. 
 
 The Colonies after the Treaty of Paris — Conduct of the British Government 
 Generous — 1764, Beginning' of a System of Oppression — Stamp Act, 1765 — Views 
 of the Colonists — Courts of Admiralty, 1769 — 1770, Port Dues Act Repealed — 
 Duty on Tea — Opposition of the Colonists, 1774 — Delegates meet in Philadelphia 
 — 1775, Oppressive Measures of the British Parliament Continued — Congress Peti- 
 tions for Redress of Grievances — Majority Against Independence — 1776, Declara- 
 tion of Independence Carried by a Majority of One. 
 
 Chapter IV. 
 
 The Colonists and their Opponents — Effects of the Declaration of Independence 
 ■ — Persecution of the Loyalists — Committees of Inspection Appointed by Congress 
 — Sabine's Biography of the Loyalists — They Abandon the United States. 
 
xii Contents. 
 
 Chapter V. 
 
 United Empire Loyalists — Allotments of Land — State of the Country — First 
 Settlers in Stormont, Dundas and Glengarry — First Settlement in Cornwall in 
 1776 — No Records of Services of the U. E. Loyalists — Scenes in which Some of 
 them had been Actors — Highlanders — Extract from Kirby's Poem. 
 
 Chapter VL 
 
 First Survey in Upper Canada — Settlement at Niagara — Survey in 1783 — Mc- 
 NifPs Survey — Map, 1786 — The Townships — The Town Plot — Distribution of 
 Land — ^Jime, 17S4, Number of Settlers from Different Regiments — Log Houses — 
 Task of Clearing Land — Progress in 40 Years — Hand Mills — Erection of Mills — 
 ^^indmills near Cornwall. 
 
 Chapter A'H. 
 
 Settlement of the Town — Earliest Patent for Town Lot — For Land in Matilda — 
 Appearance of the Town One Hundred Years Ago — Mention of it in Smith's 
 Gazetteer under name of New Johnstown — Extracts from Smith's Gazetteer — 
 Lancaster, Charlottenburg, Cornwall, Osnabruck, Long Sault Rapid^Lumber 
 Trade — ^Yilliamsburgh — Matilda — Edwardsburg — ^Johnstown — Isle du Fort Levi — 
 Oswegatchie — Places in the Old Eastern District Mentioned in the Gazetteer — 
 Benin's Maps, 1745-1755. 
 
 Chapter VHL 
 
 Extent of Province of Quebec before 1791 — District of Montreal included On- 
 tario until 1788 — Lord Dorchester's Proclamation — District of Lunenburgh — 
 Names of Townships — Commissions of the Peace — Magistrates'* Courts — First 
 Sitting of the Court of General Quarter Sessions of the Peace — Records of the 
 Court — Upper and Lower Canada — Names of Districts Changed — Commission of 
 the Peace, 1793 — Names of Magistrates — Where Court of Quarter Sessions to be 
 Held — Limits of the Eastern District Changed in 1798 and 1 816 — Powers of the 
 Court of Quarter Sessions. 
 
 % 
 
 Chapter IX. 
 
 Extracts from Records of the Court of General Quarter Sessions — First Sitting of 
 the Court — Names of Magistrates and Jurors — Cases Tried — Banishment — Sabbath 
 Desecration — Constables — Old Names — 14th Sept., 1790, Sentence Flogging — 
 9th April, 1792, First Court held at Cornwall — Curious Trial for Seditious Words 
 — Courts of Requests — Marks for Hogs, Sheep and Cattle — Poundkeepers' Fees — 
 Gaol and Court Houses to be built at Johnstown and Cornwall — Sealers of 
 Weights and Measures — Gaolers Salary — ^Jacob Farrand, Registrar — Treasurer's 
 Accounts — Unlawful Toll — Ferry from Cornwall to St. Regis — Gaol and Court 
 House in 1802 or 1803 — Penoyer Road Opened from John Milross' late in 1806 — 
 Gaol in Bad Order in 1S07 — Prisoner Accused of Murder — 1808, Road from Corn- 
 wall to St. Andrews. 
 
Contents. xiii 
 
 Chapter X. 
 
 Ferry at Chute au Blondeau— Bridge at Col. French's— Bridge over Hooples' 
 Creek — Road to St. Andrews— 1813, Court held in the Presbyterian Meeting 
 House— Court House Occupied by Troops— Bridge at Major Anderson's— Grants 
 for Streets in Cornwall — Courts of Request — Market, rules for — Boundaries of the 
 Town— Gaol Limits— Lots 4 and 5 North Side Fifth Street Reserved for Gaol and 
 Court House — Bridge at Wm. Woods' — Gaol and Court House Burned in Winter 
 of 1826 — Payment of Witnesses attending Court of General Quarter Sessions — 
 Carr Bridge— 1827, Loan for Erection of New Gaol and Court House— Grant for 
 Nine-mile Road 8th and 9th Concession of Lancaster — 1830, Gaol Limits En- 
 larged — 1831, Estimate of District Expenditure — Rate of Assessment — 1832, 
 Grant for Fire Engine — Two Prisoners Flogged — 1833, New Court House 
 Finished — Fire Company — 1835, David Jones, Chairman — 1836, Troops sent to 
 Cornwall — Innkeepers, rules for — Expenses of the Execution of the Murderer of 
 Albert French — Election Expenses — 1837, Breaking Out of Rebellion — 1839, 
 Survey of Eastern Boundary of Cornwall and Roxborough — 1841, District Council. 
 
 Chapter XL 
 
 Town of Cornwall — List of Patents issued to end of 1810 — Abstracts of Assess- 
 ment Rolls — Population of the Town — And Townships of Cornwall and Rox- 
 borough — Abstract of Town Lots Assessed, 181 5 to 1850 — Property Assessed, 
 1850 — Number of Names in McNifPs Map — Number Assessed in 1S15 — Town 
 Plot— Fly Creek. 
 
 Chapter XIL 
 
 War of 18 1 2 — Court House and Gaol used as Barracks — Guard at Captain 
 Joseph Anderson's Farm — Guard at Captain Alex. McDonald's — War in Western 
 Canada — First Appearance of the American Army at Point Iroquois — Detachment 
 Sent to Occupy Cornwall — Skirmish at Hooples Creek — Americans near Cornwall 
 — Battle of Crysler Farm — Col. Pearson's Attack on Malone — Soldier Wounded at- 
 Hooples Creek — Curious Dream — British Sailors. 
 
 Chapter XIII. 
 
 The Town of Cornwall in 1824-25 — English Church — District School House — 
 Gaol and Court House — Buildings on Water Street — First Street — Second Street — 
 Third and Fourth Streets — Pitt Street— Race Course — Town Incorporated, 1834 — 
 Returned a Member to Parliament — Cornwall Canal Begun. 
 
 Chapter XIV. 
 
 Mode of Life One Hundred Years Ago — Fuel Abundant — Primitive Fireplaces 
 ■ — Making Fire — Flint and Steel — Three Rivers Stoves — Wages and Price of' 
 Wood — The Light of Other Days — Dips — Dress — Spinning — Farmers — Few Agri- 
 cultural Implements — Amusements — Dancing — Music — Violin, Bagpipes, Piano — 
 Potash Making— Lumber Business— Old Time Elections— 1792-1796, Voting; 
 Boatmen — Newspapers — "Upper Canada Gazette" — Prices in 1823. 
 
xiv Contents. 
 
 Chapter X\'. 
 
 Travelling— Grain taken to Montreal on Rafts— Batteaiix and Durham Boats 
 Used on the River— Description of Them— Kingston Head of Boat Navigation — 
 Canals at Cascades, Cedars and Coteau — Dixon's Canals at Slieik's Island and 
 Moulinette — Voyage down the River — Rafts — Crab Island — Travelling to Mont- 
 real by Batteau — Winter Vehicles— Summer Travelling— Letter of R. I. D. Gray, 
 1804 — Lumber Waggons — Ox Carts — Gigs — First Steamboat, 1809 — Barnabas 
 Dickinson, 181 2 — First Line of Conveyances Between Montreal and Prescott — 
 Steamboats on Lake Ontario — Horse Boat at Cornwall — Neptune — Highlander — 
 Steamboats of the Old Time — Trip Between Cornwall and Montreal in Spring or 
 Fall — In Summer — Author's Journey to York in 1833 — Steamboat Iroquois — 
 Dolphin, Cornwall Canal, 1S42, — George Frederick— North Channel of Long 
 Sault — Head of Boat Navigation — Lake Steamers in 1834 — River Steamers, 1853 — 
 Steamer Rapid — Miss Bowel's Journal, 1789 — The Duke de la Rochfoucults Lian- 
 court's Travels, 1795 — Steam Navigation on the St. Lawrence and the Atlantic. 
 
 Chapter XVI. 
 
 Town Assessments — Incorporation, 1834 — First Election of Members of Board 
 of Police — Rules and Regulations — Hay Scales — Sidewalks — Market — Fire Com- 
 pany — Market — Value of Lots — Bridge over Canal^Revenue in 1842 — Wharf — 
 Mill Privileges on Canal — Last Board' of Police, 1846 — First Councillors, 1847 — 
 Immigration — Outbreak of Fever — Asiatic Cholera, 1849 — New Act of Incorpora- 
 tion, 1850 — County Officers, 1852 — Macadamized Road — Asiatic Cholera, 1854 — 
 Grand Trunk Railway, 1854-55-56 — Survey of Part of the Town, 1854 — New 
 Municipal Act, 1859 — Visit of H. R. H. the Prince of Wales, i860 — Town Hall, 
 1862 — Drill Shed, 1863 — Fenian Excitement, 1866 — Woollen Factory, 1867. — 
 Bonus to Factories — Police Magistrate — Fire in 1874 — Town Hall, 1882 — New 
 Survey— New Market— Town Debt, 1883— Fatal Fire at Town Hall, 1886— 
 Revenue and Expenditure, 1888 — Taxes Levied from 1864 to 1882 — Valuation of 
 Property, 1884- 1 886- 1 888 — Population — List of Presidents, Mayors, Clerks and 
 Treasurers, &c. — Mode of Assessing up to 1850. 
 
 Chapter XVII. 
 First Improvements in Inland Navigation — Lachin« Canal — Welland — Corn- 
 wall — Beauharnois — System of Canals Proposed by Robert Gourlay — S. Clowes' 
 Survey in 1826 — Statute of 1 833-^Naraes of Commissioners — Contractors — Work 
 begun at Cornwall — Work at Long .Sault— ^-Behaviour of the Labourers — Murder 
 of Stuart — Town Applies for a Bridge — Engineers' Reports — Riotous Labourers at 
 the Long Sault — Murder of Albert French — Troops sent to Cornwall — Financial 
 Difficulties — Block House — Barracks at Court House — Work on Canal Completed 
 — Mischievous Trick — Break in Canal — Beauharnois — First Boat Through Cornwall 
 Canal — Bridge at Cornwall — Dimensions of Canals. 
 
 Chapter XVIII. 
 Postal Arrangements — Mails in l784-i8oo-i8i2-i83o-i856--Letters Carried 
 by Private Hand — Fate of Two of Them — Rates of Postage Before 1850 — Rate on 
 
Contents. xv 
 
 English Letters— Single and Double Rates— Carrying Letters by Private Indi- 
 Tiduals Forbidden — Copy of an Old Order— Steamboats Between Montreal and 
 Quebec— Notice in "Kingston Chronicle "—Changing the Mail— Reduction of 
 Postage to Three Cents— Post OfBces in 1801 and 1802, 1816, 1821, 1827, 1838, 
 1888. 
 
 Chapter XIX. 
 
 Corps Formed for the King's Service — Dr. Canniff's List — Mr. Howe's List — 
 -Sir William Johnson — Sir John Johnson — The King's Royal Regiment of New 
 York — 1776 — Officers — Major Gray — The Messrs. Jessup — Letters Respecting the 
 Regiment — General Burgoyne's Expedition — Capitulation — Expedition to the Mo- 
 hawk, 1777— 1780 — 3rd of July, 1780, Raising of 2nd Battalion Ordered— The 
 Regiment to be placed on the Establishment — Old Orderly Book — Stations where 
 the Regiment was Quartered — Another Old Orderly Book — Completion of 2nd 
 Battalion — Extracts from Orderly Book, 1779 — Alarm Posts — King's Birthday — 
 New Uniform — Curious Order, 1780 — Expedition, May, 1780 — Adjutant's Memo- 
 randum Book — Names of Officers of 1st Battalion, 1783 ; of 2nd Battalion, 1782 — 
 Promotions in ist Battalion — Promotion of Sir John Johnson — Preparations for 
 Disbanding — Uniform. 
 
 Chapter XX. 
 
 Royal Highland Emigrants, 1775-1783 — Lieut. -Colonel — Difficulty in Convey- 
 ing Recruits to their Destination — Battle in Carolina — Ist Battalion at Quebec in 1776 
 — Arnold's Attempt to Take Quebec — Assault Attempted by Montgomery — Defeat 
 of Arnold by Colonel McLean — Good Conduct of the Regiment — 2nd Battalion — 
 Battle at Eutaw Springs — 1778, the Regiment was placed on the Establishment 
 and Numbered the 84th — Uniform — Disbanded — Grants of Land — Extracts from 
 Haldimand Papers — Edward Jessup's Corps — When Raised— Officers — Ebenezer 
 Jessup's — Drummond's or McAlpine's — Peters' — Leake's Corps— Butler's Corps — 
 When Raised — Officers — Cherry Valley — Rank of Officers in Provincial Corps — 
 Provisional Articles of Peace — 1783, Orders for Disbanding 84th and Other Corps 
 — Correspondence as to Surveys and Settlement — Forces in Canada in 1782. 
 
 Chapter XXL 
 
 Original Settlers in Glengarry ^Township of Kenyon— Settlers in 1803— 
 Revd. Alex. McDonell — Williamstown— Lancaster — First Stone House inDistrict — 
 Indian Land— Anecdote, '' Spogan Dubh"— John McDougall— Officers of the 
 Northwest Company — Discoverer of Thompson River — The Revd. John Mc- 
 Donald—Murdoch McPherson— Number of the Clansmen in 1852— Prince Char- 
 lie's Sword— McKenzie— Ferguson— List of Officers of the Glengarry Fencibles, 
 1798 ; of the Glengarry Light Infantry, 1813— County of Stormont— Highlanderb 
 
 Germans— Link's Mill— Names of Some Old Settlers— Township of Osnabruck 
 
 Lutheran Clergymen— County of Dundas— Settlers Principally Germans— Lutheran 
 Churches —First Members of Parliament— Names of Some of the Old Inhabitants 
 —Henry Merkley— Samuel Anderson— List of Pensioners, 1812— Simon Eraser. 
 
xvi Contents. 
 
 Chapter XXII. 
 
 Progress of the District — Assessments, Revenue and Exijenditure, 1793 to i79Sr- 
 1796, '97, '98 — Aggregate of Assessments, 1815, 1825, 1835, 1845 — Finances Con- 
 trolled by the Magistrates — District Council — Township and County Council — List 
 of Wardens, Clerks and Treasurers. 
 
 Chapter XXIII. 
 
 PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH. 
 The Revd. John Bethune Formed a Congregation in Montreal — Came to« 
 Williamstown, 1787 — Churches Built by him at Williamstown, Cornwall, 
 Lancaster and Summerstown — Church at Cornwall — Ministers who Succeeded. 
 Mr. Bethune — New Church begun in 1823, finished 1826 — Bell put up in. 
 1830 — First Ordination of Elders — First Celebration of the Lord's Supper at St. 
 John's — Names of Elders — Trustees — Building of Manse — Names of Deacons — 
 Purchase of Site for New Church — Removal of Old St. John's — Laying of Corner 
 Stone of New St. John's — Account of Old St. John's — List of Subscribers to the 
 Building Fund of the Church in 1826 — Burial Ground — Changes in Old St. John's. 
 — Disruption in 1843 — Formation of New Congregation — Knox Church — Names- 
 of Ministers — Union in 1875 — Old Usages — Musical Instrument — The Lord's 
 Supper — Opening of New St. John's — Oldest Tombstone. 
 
 Chapter XXIV. 
 
 CHURCH OF ENGLAND. 
 First Clergyman in Upper Canada — The Revd. John Stuart — Cornwall a Mission. 
 Station — Money Subscribed in 1800 for Building a Church — Meeting in 1805 — 
 List of Subscribers — January, 1806 — Parsonage, 1813 — Burial Ground Used iru 
 Common until 1831 — Alterations and Improvements in Old Church — 1868, Pre- 
 parations to Build New Church — Consecrated, 1S84 — Peal of Bells, 1885 — The- 
 Revd. John Strachan, 1803 — Clergymen who Succeeded Him — Old Tombs in the 
 Graveyard. 
 
 Chapter XXV. 
 
 ROMAN CATHOLIC CHURCH. 
 Cornwall in the Parish of St. Andrews until 1834 — Old Church in 1829 — New 
 Church begun in 1856 — Parsonage — School Houses — Convent — Names of Priests-. 
 — Old Church at St. Andrews — The Revd. Roderick McDonell — Journey from St. 
 Regis to St. Andrews — Priests at St. Andrews, 
 
 Chapter XXVI. 
 
 the METHODIST CHURCH. 
 From 1794 to 1808 Cornwall was part of the Oswegatchie Circuit — Separate 
 Circuit in 1824 — Separate Charge in 1 861— Names of Ministers— First Church. 
 Built in 1861 — Second about 1876. 
 
 THE baptist church. 
 Resident Minister in 1883— Church Built in 1884. 
 
Contents. xvii 
 
 Chapter XXVII. 
 
 HIGH SCHOOLS. 
 
 First Grammar School in Cornwall— Established by the Revd. John Strachan, 
 1803— Statute of 1S07— Names of Mr. Strachan's Successors— The Revd. 
 Dr. Urquhart— Presentation of Testimonials to Archdeacon Strachan and the Revd. 
 H. Urquhart— The Old School House— The New— Legend of the Italian— Lists 
 of Scholars of the Revd. J. Strachan and the Revd. H. Urquhart— High Schools 
 Established at Williamstown, Alexandria, Morrisburg and Iroquois— Extracts 
 from Report for 1888. 
 
 Chapter XXVIII. 
 
 PUBLIC SCHOOLS. 
 Staitute of 1816— How Schools were Managed under it— The Old School 
 House — School House Built in 1834— Teachers in 1843— Salaries— School House 
 Built in 1854— Teachers' Salaries in 1861, 1865, 18S4— School House Built in 
 1884 — List of Teachers from 1850 — Schools and School Houses of the Old Times 
 — Subjects Taught— Books and Appliances— The Old Teachers— Arithmetical 
 Puzzle — Old Soldiers and Sailors — Old Time Discipline— Trustees, Extracts from 
 Reports for 1888. 
 
 Chapter XXIX. 
 
 First Elections, 1792 — Lists of Members for the Counties of Stormont, Dun- 
 das and Glengarry and the Town of Cornwall — First Members for Grenville, Pres- 
 cott and Russell, 1812 — Election Address, 1796. 
 
 Chapter XXX. 
 
 Cornwall as a Garrison — Route of Troops from Montreal to Kingston, 
 1829 — 1836, Company of 15th Reeiment — Volunteers to Coteau du Lac, 1837 — 
 Militia Regiments in Town, 1837-1838 — Regiments Sent to Lower Canada Same 
 Years — L. Grant and the Field Piece — Capt. Crawford's Company — Invasion at 
 Prescott and the Windmill, 1838 — Troops sent to Prescott — Attack on the Rebels 
 — Arrival of the 2nd Stormont — Troops Waiting for Heavy Guns — Arrival of the 
 83rd Regiment and the Artillery — Defeat and Surrender of the Rebels — Arms and 
 Flag Captured — List of Persons Proscribed — British Loss in Killed and Wounded 
 — Invasion from Detroit — Summary Punishment — Disposal of Prisoners — Von 
 Schutlz — Seizure of a Steamer at Beauharnois — D. E. Mclntyre and Others 
 Prisoners — Regular Troops and Militia Sent to the Rescue — Skirmish at the Vil- 
 lage — Garrison of Cornwall and Lancaster, 1838-1839 — Sth Incorporated — 4lh In- 
 corporated — Officers sent from England — Town Majof of Cornwall — Volunteer 
 Troops and Companies, 1854-55-62 — Fenian Excitement, 1 866-1 868- 1 870 — North- 
 west Rebellion, 1885 — Lists of Militia, &c., &c. 
 
 Chapter XXXI. 
 
 Improvements in the Town after 1833-34 — Fire in 1841 — Lease to D. Mc- 
 Donell — New Buildings on St. John's Church Property — 1871, Commercial Block 
 ■ — Fire in 1876 — Stormont Block — Buildings West of Pitt Street — Fire in 1884 — 
 
xviii Contents, 
 
 New Buildings— Bank, 1882-83— American Hotel— Post Office, 1885— County 
 Buildings — D. B. McLennan's Building — Rossmore Hotel — New St. John's — • 
 English Church built at East End— Roman CathoUc Church begun there— R. R. 
 McLennan's Buildings— Ontario Bank — New Buildings West Side of Pitt Street — 
 Gas and Water Wofks — Sidewalks — Sewers — Fires — Storm in 1846. 
 
 Chapter XXXII. 
 
 MILLS AND FACTORIES AT CORNWALL. 
 
 1845 — ^J. Harvey — Andrew Elliott — A. E. Cadwell — Privilege .Granted to 
 the Hon. Philip Vankoughnet Bought by Wm. Mattice— Wm. Mack's Mill- 
 Messrs. Flack & Vanarsdale — Cornwall Manufacturing Company — Their Factory 
 Burned in 1870 — Rebuilt in 1 87 1 — Stormont Cotton Manufacturing Company, 
 1870 — Factory Burned in 1874 — Rebuilt in 1879 — Canada Cotton Manufacturing 
 Company, 1872 — Toronto Paper Company, 1881 — Smaller Factories. 
 
 Chapter XXXIII. 
 
 Prehistoric Relic — Ice Shoves and State of the River in Winter — Floods, 
 1829-1860-1887. 
 
 Chapter XXXIV. 
 
 Law — Criminal and Civil, 1774-1792 — Trial by Jury — Cases under ^lo.o.o — 
 Courts of Requests for Claims up to Forty Shillings — Costs — Jurisdiction Increased 
 to ;!f5.6.o — Right of Sett-olif — Statute of 1833 — Increase of Jurisdiction to ;^lo.o.o 
 — Commissioners Appointed — Statute of 1841 — Appointment of Judges of the 
 District Courts — Six Division Courts in the Three Counties — Clerks Paid by Sal- 
 ary — Subsequent Acts — ^Judges — Courts of Requests in the Eastern District — Com- 
 missioners and Clerks — Clerks at Cornwall from 1833 — Clerks, 1889 — Other 
 Courts Established — Probate — Surrogate — King's Bench — Appeal — District — ■ 
 Judges, Non-Professional and Professional — ^Judges and Clerks of District Courts, 
 1818 — 1794, Sixteen Gentlemen Authorized to Practice as Solicitors — Law Society 
 — Members of, in 1797 — Judges, etc., 1792 to 1829 — District Courts, Successive 
 Acts Concerning — Arrest for Debt — Indigent Debtors — Allowance to — Limits — 
 Glengarry Man — Discharge of Debtors — Old Declaration — Extravagant Charges — ■ 
 Old Forms and Bills of Costs. 
 
 Chapter XXXV. 
 
 Lists of the Public Officers of the Eastern District and the United Counties 
 'from 1793 to 1889— Judges of the District Court — ^Judges of the Surrogate Court- 
 Sheriffs — Clerks of the Peace — Clerk of the District and County Courts — Registrars 
 ■of the Surrogate Court — Deputy Clerks of the Crown — Masters in Chancery — 
 Registrars of Deeds — Treasurers — Barristers and Attornies, 1797 to 1847 — Public 
 Officers in the Johnstown District, 1802. 
 
 Chapter XXXVI. 
 
 John Baker — The Last of those who had been Born in Slavery in Canada ■ 
 
 His Mother Born in 1759 — Captain Gray and his Family Come to Canada — Settle 
 
Contents. xix 
 
 at Gray's Creek— Dorine Married to a German— Col. Gray's Son, R. I. D. Gray, 
 takes John Baker and his Brother Simon to York— Letter from R. I. D. Gray to his 
 Cousin— John Baker's Narrative of his Life— Loss of the Speedy and Death of Mr. 
 Gray— John Enlists and goes to New Brunswick— Was at Waterloo— Got a Pen- 
 sion-Account of the Loss of the Speedy— Mr. Gray's Will— John came back to 
 Cornwall— The First Payment of his Pension— His Age. 
 
 Chapter XXXVIL 
 
 Short Account of the War of 1812— List of the Actions Fought during the 
 War— Close of the War— Medals Issued in 1847— Names of thosg who Received 
 .them— Pensions Granted to the Surviving Soldiers in 1875- Their Ages at that 
 time. 
 
 Chapter XXXVIII. 
 
 Odds and Ends— Extracts from Old Newspapers, containing Matters Curious 
 .and Interesting — Letter from Sir William Johnson, February 20, 1755 — Extracts 
 from Upper Canada Gazette, 1818— Meeting at Cornwall— War Losses— Circuits, 
 i8l8— 1819— Article about Gas— Extracts from Montreal Herald, 1820 — Curious 
 Literary Gossip— Death of a Soldier who had Fought under Wolfe— Execution of 
 a Man for Treason, 1 821— Strength of the British Army— Slave Trade— Kingston 
 Chronicle, 1821 — Manufactures — Execution of Four Men at Cornwall — Masonic 
 Anecdote — 1822, Meetings For and Against Union with Lower Canada — Canadian 
 Spectator, 1823 — Death of the First Hindoo Convert to the Protestant Faith — 
 Execution of Pirates at Kingston, Jamaica — Highland Society at Martintown — 
 Perkins' Steam Gun, 1824 — Upper Canada Gazette — Steam Navigation Between 
 Ireland and Nova Scotia — Colonial Advocate — Circulation of Papers in 1824 — 
 Corner Stone of the Church of Notre Dame, Montreal, Laid — North Wing of the 
 House of Assembly, York, Burned — Opposition to Railrpads in England — Arrival 
 ■of the Columbus Timber Ship at Blackwall from Quebec — Statutes of Upper 
 Canada in 1824 — 1830, Death of Sir John Johnston — Temperance Society at King- 
 ston — 1832, Sale of Old Men of War at Kingston — 1830, Courts of Pacification — 
 1833, Cornwall Obser\'er — Caledonia Springs — Cutler's Quarry — Cornwall Canal — 
 Proposal in Ogdensbiirg Paper for a Rival Canal — Proposed Line of Steamboats 
 from New York to Liverpool — Railway from Montreal to Province Line — 1834, 
 The Patriot — Proposal to Stock the Lakes with Sea Fish — Castle of St. Louis at 
 Quebec Burned — Name Toronto Substituted for York — Houses of Parliament, 
 London, Burned — First Bazaar at Cornwall — Proposal to Hold District Courts and 
 Sessions Alternately in Glengarry and Stormont — 1835, Cornwall Observer — 
 Petition for the Annexation of the Island of Montreal and of the Peninsula East of 
 Eastern District to Upper Canada — Lachlan McKinnon — 1850, County Council 
 met at Williamsburg and Williamstown — 1852, Petition from Glengarry for an 
 Act Similar to the Maine Liquor Law — 1853, Cornwall Freeholder — Descendants 
 •of Flora McDonald — 1889, Copy of an Old Account. 
 
LUNENBURGH 
 
 OLD EASTERN DISTRICT, 
 
 CHAPTER I. 
 
 Prior to the year 1784, that part of the old Province of 
 'Quebec, called Upper Canada, and now Ontario, was an al- 
 most unbroken wilderness. The 'French had extended their 
 settlements up to, what is now the line between the Provinces 
 of Quebec and Ontario, but had not pushed them further 
 west. At an early period of their occupation of Canada, they 
 had' explored the rivers St. Lawrence and Ottawa, navigated 
 the great lakes, visited many parts of the North-west, and 
 established military and trading posts, at Frontenac, (now 
 Kingston), the mouth of the Niagara river, Detroit and other 
 points. Their priests, active and energetic in their holy voca- 
 tion, had gone far into the country carrying religious instruction 
 to the natives, and in too many instances sacrificing their lives 
 in their endeavours to benefit and civilize the Indians. 
 
 The names of many rapids, headlands and islands still 
 testify to the extent of the French explorations, but it was 
 not until 1784 that the permanent settlement and occupation 
 
2 Ltmenburgh, or the 
 
 of Upper Canada began. In that year about ten thousand 
 persons were placed along the northern shores of the River 
 St. Lawrence, Lake Ontario and Lake Erie. Nearly all of 
 them were U. E. Loyalists driven from their homes in the 
 thirteen old colonies, and most of the men, old enough to 
 bear arms, had served in the corps raised for the King during 
 the revolutionary -wfer. The front concessions of that part of 
 the country which now forms the counties of Glengarry, Stor- 
 mont artd Dundas, were divided among the officers, non-com- 
 missioned officers and privates of the first battalion of the 
 King's Royal Regiment of New York, which was disbanded 
 in 1784. There were also among those who settled in Lan- 
 caster, Charlottenburgh and Cornwall, several who had served 
 in the " Royal Highland Emigrants," or as the regiment was 
 afterwards called, the " 84th." A number of families were 
 sent out from the Highlands of Scotland some years later, and 
 settled in the County of Glengarry. As the U. E. Loyalists 
 were by far the largest number of the immigrants, it is ne- 
 cessary to give a short sketch of the events that led to the de- 
 parture of so many from the homes they had made in the old 
 provinces, and to their seeking new ones in the wild forests 
 north of the St. Lawrence. Ih order to make such a sketch fairly 
 comprehensible, it is necessary to go back to the middle of the 
 eighteenth century. 
 
 About the year 1750, the continent of North America was 
 claimed by Great Britain, France and Spain, and was parti'ally 
 occupied by their colonies. Great Britain had possession of 
 part of Nova Scotia and the thirteen colonies, viz : Mas- 
 sachusetts, including Maine, New Hampshire, Rhode Island,. 
 Connecticut, New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Delaware, 
 Maryland, Virginia, North and South Carolina and Georgia. 
 
 France had a much larger tract of country, including 
 Acadia, Cape Breton, Canada, the territory bordering on 
 Hudson's Bay, a great part of Maine, portions of Vermont 
 and New York, and the Valley of the Mississippi. 
 
 Spain had the country bordering on the Gulf of Mexico, 
 
Old Eastern District. 3 
 
 and the whole of the territory comprising Mexico, Texas and 
 California. *The British colonies had a population of about 
 1,160,000, the French in Canada about 55,000, and with 
 Louisiana and Acadia, 80,000. The latter, besides their 
 trading and military posts at Frontenac, Niagara and Detroit, 
 had others on Lake Champlain, and were building Fort Du- 
 quesne at the confluence of the Monongahela and Ohio rivers 
 The British finding themselves hemmed in and their trade 
 interfered with on the north and west, resisted what they con- 
 sidered the encroachments of the French on their territory. 
 The rivalry between the two nationalities became more 
 fierce as time went on, until the struggle became not a mere 
 question of trading and of boundaries, but a conflict for the 
 mastery of a continent. 
 
 *See Parkman's Montcalm and Wolfe, Part i, p. z. 
 
Lunenburgh, or the 
 
 CHAPTER II. 
 
 Each nationality had endeavored to secure to itself the 
 trade and the help of the Indian tribes, and each had suceeeded 
 in acquiring an influence over a portion of them. Frequent 
 encounters took place between the rival colonists and their 
 savage allies. The hardy adventurer who pushed his way be- 
 yond the bounds of the remoter settlements, did so at the 
 risk of his life, which was often the forfeit paid for his temer- 
 ity, and many a frontier settlement was the scene of murder 
 and rapine in the border warfare carried on by the colonists 
 even when the parent nations were at peace. 
 
 The signing of the treaty of Aix la Chapelle, between 
 Great Britain and France, in 1748, did not bring peace to 
 America. There, it was a dead letter. Mutual aggressions 
 were carried on until the British colonists determined to pre- 
 vent future advances on the part of the French, and to end 
 their power on this continent by the conquest of Canada. To 
 attain this object three expeditions were planned against the 
 French in 1755 : one against Fort Duquesne, built where the 
 Alleghany and Monongahela rivers join and form the Ohio ; 
 one against Crown Point on Lake Champlain, and the third 
 against Niagara. 
 
 The force intended for the attack on Fort Duquesne con- 
 sisted of two British regiments of infantry and a number of 
 provincial troops, in all about two thousand one hundred men, 
 under the command of Major-General Braddock. The little 
 army marched early in June; their progress through the forest 
 was difficult and tedious, it was not until July that they ap- 
 proached the fort. When they got within ten miles of it, they 
 were suddenly attacked by a body of French and Indians 
 who were in ambush in the forest. The battle lasted from two 
 in the afternoon until five, when Braddock having been mor- 
 
Old Eastern District. 5 
 
 tally wounded, his men retreated with a loss of one-third of 
 their number, and the attempt to capture Fort Duquesne was 
 abandoned. For the attack against Crown Point, troops to 
 the number of about three thousand four hundred, consisting 
 principally of New Englanders, were sent under the command 
 -of Col. William Johnson. They met the French, commanded 
 by Baron Dieskau, near the south end of Lake George. 
 Three sharp actions were fought. The French were defeated 
 with a loss of nearly half their number, and Dieskau was 
 wounded and taken prisoner. The British loss was also heavy, 
 about four hundred fell. Col. Williams was killed and Col. 
 Johnson wounded. Johnson did not follow up his success and 
 the intended attack on Crown Point was not carried any 
 further.* 
 
 The projected attack on Niagara was not proceeded with, 
 no attempt was made to carry it into execution. 
 
 The campaign of i/SS was a failure for the British colon- 
 ists, notwithstanding the success of Col. Johnson at. Lake 
 George, and unopposed bands of Canadians and savages de- 
 vastated the frontier from Nova Scotia to Virginia. 
 
 In May, 1756, war was declared between Great Britain 
 and France, but except in the way of preparation, nothing was 
 done in America that year by either party. Twenty-five 
 thousand men were raised by the British colonies, independ- 
 ent of the British regular troops. The French forces all told 
 did not exceed twelve thousand. 
 
 In 1757, the French after hard fighting, got possession of 
 Forts Ontario and Oswego, £i,t the mouth of the Onondaga 
 river, and of Fort William Henry at the southern end of Lake 
 George. This fort was occupied by Col. Munro with about 
 four hundred and fifty provincial soldiers, and another force 
 numbering about seventeen hundred was intrenched near it. 
 Munro and his men held the fort against great odds for six 
 days, when their provisions failing, and no help coming from 
 
 *For his share in this campaign, Col. Johnson got from the British Govern- 
 ment a Baronetcy and ;£'5ooo.o.o. 
 
6 Lunenbiirgh, or the 
 
 General Webb, who was at Fort Edward with four thousand' 
 men, he and his whole force of about two thousand men 
 surrendered to the French with the honors of war, under a 
 promise that they would be escorted to Fort Edward. This 
 promise was not kept. Notwithstanding the strenuous efforts 
 of Montcalm and his officers, the Indians in their service fell 
 on the defenceless prisoners with tomahawks and knives, and 
 very few escaped their fury. At the close of I7S7, the pros- 
 pects of the British colonists were very gloomy. " The Eng- 
 " lish had been driven from every cabin in the basin of the 
 " Ohio, and the French had destroyed every vestige of their 
 " power on the St. Lawrence. France had her forts on each 
 " side of the lakes and at Detroit, Mackina, Kaskaskia, and 
 " New Orleans. The two great valleys of the St. Lawrence 
 " and the Mississippi were connected chiefly by three well- 
 " known routes, by way of Waterford to Fort Duquesne, by 
 " way of Maumee to the Wabash, and by way of Chicago to- 
 " the Illinois. Of the North American continent the French 
 " claimed and seemed to possess twenty parts out of twenty- 
 " five, leaving four only to Spain, and but one to Great Britain. 
 " The claims of France to the valleys of the Mississippi and 
 " the St. Lawrence seemed to be established, America and 
 " England were humiliated."* 
 
 Much had been done by the colonists for their own 
 defense, but their efforts were isolated and their councils di- 
 vided and too often antagonistic ; success seemed almost hope- 
 less, notwithstanding their expenditure of men and money, and 
 they wished England to undertake the management and ex- 
 pense of the war. Several regiments had been sent from Eng- 
 land to America, but the generals sent to command them were 
 wanting either in skill or energy ; they did not understand and 
 were unwilling to learn the mode of warfare necessary in the 
 forest covered country in which they were called upon to act, 
 and the result so far had been disastrous to the armies they 
 commanded, to the country and to themselves. 
 
 * Ryerson, vol. I. 
 
Old Eastern District. 7 
 
 In 1758, fresh efforts were made. Three expeditions 
 were planned, one against Louisbourg * in the Island of Cape 
 Breton, one against Ticonderoga on Lake Champlain, and the 
 third against Fort Duquesne. The attack on Louisbourg was- 
 made in June, 1758, by the fleet under Admiral Boscawen and 
 an army commanded by General Wolfe. On the 26th of July 
 the town surrendered, the fortifications were razed to the 
 ground, the stronghold of the French on the Atlantic coast 
 was destroyed, and Acadia was lost to France for ever. On 
 the 5th of July, 1758, an army of sixteen thousand men, Brit- 
 ish and Provincial, under the command of Lord Howe, crossed 
 Lake George to attack Ticonderoga. Montcalm, the French 
 General, had taken the utmost precautions against the enemy, 
 he had put the works of the fort into the best possible state, 
 and had constructed a breastwork across the point of land 
 which Lord Howe's army must cross before getting to the 
 main work. The British troops landed, the rangers advanced 
 to drive in the French outposts. Lord Howe was with the ad- 
 vance, shots were fired by both parties, one hundred and fifty 
 of the French were taken prisoners, a few of the English were 
 killed, and unfortunately Lord Howe was among the numbei'. 
 The command devolved on General A bercrombie,-f- who direct- 
 ed an attack on the breastworks. | The order was gallantly 
 obeyed, but all the efforts of officers and men were in" vain. 
 After repeated efforts, the attacking force was driven back 
 
 * Louisbourg, the strongly fortified seaport of Cape Breton, had been taken 
 from the French in 1745, by the British fleet under Admiral Warren, and a land 
 force of Xew England men under Sir William Pepperel, and had been restored to 
 France in exchange for Madras by the treaty of Aix la Chapelle. 
 
 t Not the famous Sir Ralph Abercrombie, who was killed in the moment of 
 victory at the battle near Alexandria, in Egypt, in March, 1801. 
 
 X These consisted of logs piled up, and of trees newly cut down and left lying, 
 with their tops towards Amherst's force, the whole forming a defence that the sol- 
 diers could not make their way through. A few days after the battle, Montcalm 
 caused earthworks to be made in place of the rampart of logs. The remains of 
 these earthworks still exist. The author saw them in July, 1840, eighty-two years 
 after the battle, and they were then a formidable obstacle to an attacking force. 
 
S Lunenburgh, or the 
 
 with fearful loss, no less than nineteen hundred and forty-two 
 having fallen. Abercrombie, though he still had from thirteen 
 to fourteen thousand men, and the French in all only three 
 thousand six hundred, abandoned the enterprise and retreated. 
 The Highlanders of the Black Watch, (42nd Regiment), were 
 conspicuous for their bravery in the attack on the breastwork, 
 and their loss was very severe, eight officers, nine sergeants, 
 and two hundred and ninety-seven privates were killed, and 
 seventeen officers, ten sergeants and three hundred and six 
 privates were wounded. 
 
 The expedition against Fort Duquesne, under General 
 Joseph Forbes, set out in July, 1758, and in the following No- 
 vember took possession of the Fort. There was but little 
 fighting, as the French garrison after one successful sortie 
 abandoned the place, disheartened on hearing of the capture of 
 Fort Frontenac, which had been taken in August by a Provin- 
 cial force under Col. Bradstreet, and destroyed with the sup- 
 plies intended for the relief of Fort Duquesne.* 
 
 The capture of Fort Duquesne closed the operations of 
 1758, which had on the whole been successful, notwithstand- 
 ing Abercombie's mismanagement and repulse at Ticonderoga. 
 
 After the retreat of Abercrombie, and his recall. General 
 Amherst was appointed commander in chief, assisted by Gen- 
 eral Wolfe. 
 
 By the plan of operations for 1759, General Amherst was 
 to attack Ticonderoga ; General Prideaux and Sir William 
 Johnson, Niagara ; and the fleet under Admiral Saunders with 
 a land force under General Wolfe, was to attack Quebec. In 
 July, General Amherst took possession of Ticonderoga, which 
 the French had abandoned after having set fire to the build- 
 ings ; they also abandoned Crown Point, which Amherst took 
 possession of in August. The attack on Niagara was carried 
 out successfully by Sir William Johnson, who took command 
 ■of the military forces after the death of General Prideaux, 
 
 *The Highland Regiment, known as Montgomery's, or the 77th, took part in 
 the expedition against Fort Duquesne. 
 
Old Eastern District. g. 
 
 who was killed by the bursting of a mortar. The fleet in- 
 tended for the attack on Quebec, ascended the St. Lawrence 
 and cast anchor at the Island of Orleans, on the 25th June. 
 The land force disembarked on the island, and took up a 
 position at the upper end, opposite Quebec and Beauport. 
 Point Levis was taken possession of by a portion of Wolfe's 
 army, who erected batteries and bombarded the upper and 
 lower town. An attack made in July on the French defences 
 near River Montmorency, was ably met by the French under 
 General Montcalm, and repulsed with a loss of about five 
 hundred officers and men, killed and wounded. 
 
 After this repulse it was decided by Generals Wolfe, 
 Monckton, Townshend and Murray that the army should be 
 taken up the river St. Lawrence and that an attack should be 
 made on Quebec from above. This plan was carried out. The 
 troops were taken up the river on the 7th, 8th and 9th of 
 September. Some of them were landed at different points on 
 the right bank, to distract the attention of the French. About 
 I in the morning of the 13th of September a portion of the 
 British troops came down the river with the ebbing tide. The 
 French sentinels gave the challenge, " Qui vive ?" and were 
 answered in French, " Ne faites pas de bruit, ce sont les 
 vivres.'' " Hush, this is the convoy of provisions." As such a 
 convoy was expected no further notice was taken by the 
 sentinels, and the British flotilla passed on, followed by 
 Admiral Holmes' ships with the rest of the troops. The 
 British vanguard landed without resistance at Wolfe's Cove, 
 the guard at the foot of the pathway up the cliff" were made 
 prisoners, the cliff was scaled by. a party of Wolfe's men, who 
 attacked and dispersed the guard on the tableland above, the 
 remainder of the troops made their way up the steep path, 
 and when day broke the British army stood in battle array on 
 the Heights of Abraham. 
 
 Montcalm received the intelligence at six o'clock in the 
 morning, but would not at first believe it. He, however,, 
 marched to the plains with his whole available force and 
 
10 Ltmenburgh, or the 
 
 ordered an immediate attack, which was begun by the Cana- 
 dian marksmen and some Indians. The French advanced 
 upon the British, but when within forty paces of the latter 
 they were assailed with so deadly a fire that they fell into 
 confusion. Wolfe chose this moment to attack in return. 
 Though wounded in the wrist, he led his grenadiers on to 
 charge the French, who fled, hotly pursued by the British. 
 Wolfe was mortally wounded as he advanced to the charge 
 and was carried to the rear. A person near him called out : 
 " They flee !" " Who ?" demanded the dying General. " The 
 French !" was the reply. " Then I die content !" the hero 
 said, and expired. 
 
 General Montcalm, who' had received two wounds, made 
 every effort to rally his troops, but in vain. He received a 
 third wound through the body and was carried to the city, 
 where he died the day after the battle, and four days before 
 the surrender of the place he had so gallantly defended.* 
 
 On the 1 8th of September Quebec surrendered to General 
 Murray, and the campaign of 1759 closed. 
 
 The season was so far advanced before General Amherst 
 could complete his arrangements for an attack on Isle Aux 
 Noix, whither the French had retreated from Ticonderoga and 
 Crown Point, that he could do nothing during the autumn of 
 1759. He established his winter quarters at Crown Point, 
 where he remained until the spring of 1760. He directed 
 General Murray to advance to Montreal with all the troops he 
 could spare from Quebec. General Haviland was to advance 
 from Crown Point and join Murray at Montreal, while Amherst 
 himself, with an army of ten thousand men, left the frontiers 
 of New York on the 2 1st of June and went by the route of the 
 Mohawk and Onondaga rivers to Oswego, where he was joined 
 by Sir William Johnson with one thousand Indians of the Six 
 Nations. The combined force left Oswego and proceeded 
 down the St. Lawrence. There was some delay at Isle de 
 
 *0f the regiments that took part in this action, one of the most famous is the 
 Fraser Highlanders. 
 
Old Eastern District. 1 1 
 
 Fort Levy * where the French were so strongly posted that it 
 took two days' heavy firing to dislodge them. Amherst and 
 his force then descended the rapids, in which he lost sixty- 
 four boatsf and eighty-eight men, and arrived at Montreal in 
 September. General Murray, who had held Quebec with great 
 difficulty during the winter against a French force under De 
 Levis, ascended the river, following De Levis, who had re- 
 treated on the arrival of a British fleet before Quebec, and 
 reached Montreal two days after the arrival of Amherst. 
 Almost at the same time Haviland joined with his troops from 
 Isle Aux Noix. 
 
 The British force now assembled before Montreal was so 
 powerful that resistance on the part of the French was hope- 
 less. The city capitulated, and the power of the King of 
 France ceased in the northern portion of North America. The 
 treaty of Paris in 1763 confirmed the British in the possession 
 of Canada, which has from that time continued to be a part 
 of the British Empire. 
 
 After the capitulation of Montreal Major Rogers, a native 
 of New Hampshii-e, who commanded a corps of Provincial 
 Rangers, was sent by General Amherst with a portion of his 
 corps to take possession of Detroit, Michilimackinac, and 
 other western posts. He ascended the St. Lawrence and 
 Lake Ontario, made a short halt at Fort Niagara, had his 
 boats and stores, portaged past the Falls and proceeded along 
 the southei'n shore of Lake Erie towards Detroit. On his 
 way he met Pontiac, the Indian ruler of the western country ; 
 the Chief who had led the Ottawas in the attack on Braddock 
 in 1755, and who had been at first the ally of the French. He 
 was shrewd, politic and ambitious, and thought that by making 
 friends of the English he would gain powerful allies, who would 
 aid him and give him increased influence over the tribes. He 
 exerted his influence in favor of Rogers and his force, and 
 
 *Chiraney Island. 
 
 +The remains of some of these boats were to be seen in the south channel of 
 :the Longue Saiilt rapids sixty years ago. 
 
12 Lunenburgh, or the 
 
 induced the Indians, who were preparing to attack them, to» 
 abandon their design. ' 
 
 Detroit was surrendered to the English under Rogers by 
 the French garrison on the 29th of November, 1760. The. 
 forts, Miami and Ouatanon, which guarded the communication 
 between Lalte Erie and tlie Ohio, were also taken possession- 
 of by the Englisli, while Rogers with a small force proceeded 
 northward to dispossess the French garrison of Michili- 
 mackinac. Storms,* however, drove him back, and it was not 
 till the following year that a detachment of the 60th Regiment 
 took possession of Forts Michilimackinac, La Baye on Green 
 Bay, and St. Joseph. The forts of Sandusky and Presque Isle 
 on Lake Erie, as well as Le Bceuf and Venango on the Alle- 
 ghany, were held by English garrisons. Fort Pitt, -built on 
 the site of Fort Duquesne at the confluence of the Alleghany 
 and Monongahela, and Forts Ligonier and Bedford, on the 
 route from Carlisle through the Alleghany mountains to Fort 
 Pitt, were also occupied by small garrisons of English soldiers. 
 
 All appeared peaceful. The garrisons of the forts cul- 
 tivated small patches of land near their respective forts. The 
 officers whiled away their time as best they could. The 
 traders trafficked with the Indians and bought their furs for a 
 fair or unfair price, as the case might be. The Indians 
 hunted, fished, got drunk when they could get rum enough, 
 and now and then quarrelled with one another. And the ener- 
 getic frontiersmen made new clearings, and each passing season 
 found the smoke from new log cabins going up to heaven. 
 
 But the peace was illusory — it was a calm before a terrific- 
 storm. The Indians were disappointed and dissatisfied at the 
 way the English and the provincials treated them. They did 
 not receive the consideration nor the substantial benefits they 
 expected, and, they looked back with regret to the days of the 
 French rule. 
 
 Pontiac, more disappointed than any of them, used his- 
 
 *See Parkman's Conspiracy of Pontiac. Vol. I, p. 64. 
 
Old Eastern District. 13 
 
 great influence to form a coalition among the tribes for the 
 purpose of attacking and capturing the forts, exterminating 
 their garrisons and driving the whole race of the English set- 
 tlers — traders, soldiers, and all — out of the country. He suc- 
 ceeded only too well in uniting the Indians. The Delawares, 
 Wyandots, Shawanese, Ottawas, Ojibwas, Pottawattamies, 
 Algonquins and Senecas joined him. The Senecas were the 
 only members of the Iroquois confederacy who joined the 
 league, the rest were kept quiet by Sir Wm. Johnson and took 
 no part in the conspiracy. 
 
 In the spring of 1763 Pontiac's designs were ready for 
 execution, and an almost simultaneous attack was made on 
 the frontier posts. Michilimackinac,* Ouatanon, Miami, Ven- 
 ango and St. Joseph were taken by stratagem and their garri- 
 sons slaughtered almost to a man. Forts Sandusky, Presque 
 Isle and Le Bceuf were defended gallantly but ineffectually 
 and but few escaped from them. Fort La Baye was aband- 
 oned, and its garrison succeeded in escaping. Forts Detroit,-f- 
 Pitt and Ligonier were successfully defended. The first was 
 besieged from May, 1763, till October, 1764; Fort Pitt stood 
 a siege of nearly three months, and Fort Ligonier of over a 
 month. During the time Detroit was beleagured by the 
 
 *At Jlichilimackinac a large number of Indians assembled for the purpose of 
 having a conference between their Chiefs and the officers of the garrison, during 
 which a game of ball (the Indian lacrosse) was to be played in front of the fort. 
 The officers suspected no danger, the chiefs were admitted to the fort for the pro- 
 posed conference, the game was begun, and the garrison were on the ramparts, 
 unarmed, looking at the play. The squaws, draped in their blankets, stood along 
 the roadway to the gate of the fort. Suddenly the ball was thrown near the gate, 
 the Indians rushed to it, and as each one passed =■ squaw he received from her a 
 gun, with the barrel cut short, or tomahawk, which she had concealed under her 
 blanket. The Indians, now armed, ran into the fort, shooting and cutting down 
 every one they (net, and taking the place with little loss to themselves. 
 
 t Pontiac endeavored to get Detroit by stratagem, but Major Gladwyn, the 
 commandant, had been warned of the plot and, took such precautions that although 
 Pontiac and fifty of his chiefs were allowed to come into the fort and meet the 
 Major and his officers, they did not attempt to carry their designs into execution. 
 They were allowed to depart, and they then began the siege. 
 
14 Limenbutgh, or the 
 
 Indians, a storm of blood and fire swept over the frontier 
 from Lake Erie to the southern Hne of Pennsylvania. Hun- 
 dreds of homes were plundered and burned, hundreds of men, 
 women and children were killed, and thousands rendered 
 homeless by the Indian tribes, who ravaged the country in 
 spite of the efforts made to check them. 
 
 The Provincial troops had been disbanded and the regular 
 regiments had been reduced to a very small number after the 
 close of the war in 1761. The Provincial Governments were 
 slow to act, and were with difficulty induced to levy troops even 
 for their own defence. The Legislature of Pennsylvania, largely 
 composed of Quakers, refused for a long time to do anything 
 of a warlike nature, but at last even they found it necessaiy to 
 act, and after nearly a year and a half of bloodshed and 
 misery the Indians were defeated and peace restored. 
 
 Pontiac remained with the Ottawas, but his influence was 
 gone, and at last he was murdered near St. Louis by an Indian 
 of a hostile tribe. This brought on another war, confined, 
 however, entirely to the Indians themselves, the result of it 
 being to thin their numbers and reduce them so low that they 
 did not for years atterript any further aggression on the whites. 
 
Old Eastern District. 15 
 
 CHAPTER III. 
 
 The Treaty of Paris, signed loth February, 1763, closed 
 the war between Great Britain and France. Canada passed 
 from the French to the British Government, and the Thirteen 
 -Old Colonies were delivered from the enemy that had disturbed 
 their peace and hindered their prosperity for more than one 
 hundred years. Britain and North America rejoiced at such 
 a conclusion to the seven years' war, a war prompted and 
 commenced by the Colonies, whose existence and liberties 
 depended upon its successful issue. Ryerson says : " No one 
 of the Colonies had a deeper stake in the result of the struggle 
 than Massachusetts, no one had more suppliantly and impor- 
 tunately asked aid in men and money from England, and no 
 Colony had benefitted so largely in its commerce and resources 
 during the contest." In Bancroft's History of the United 
 States, it is asserted that Massachusetts with the other Col- 
 onies dragged England into war with France. Hutchinson in 
 his history of Massachusetts Bay, says : " The generous com- 
 pensation, which had been made every year by Parliament, 
 not only alleviated the burden of taxes, which otherwise would 
 have been heavy, but by the importation of such large sums 
 of specie increased commerce ; and it was the opinion of some 
 that the war added to the wealth of the Provinces, though the 
 ■compensation did not amount to half the charges of the Gov- 
 ernment." At the close of the war, Massachusetts, in an ad- 
 <lress to the King, especially acknowledged that the evident 
 design of the French, to surround the Colonies, was the imme- 
 diate and first cause of the war ; that without the protection 
 afforded them during the war they must have become a prey 
 to the power of France, and that without the compensation 
 
 See Ryerson. Vol. I, 269. 
 
1 6 Lunenburgh, or the 
 
 afforded them by Parliament the burden of the expense of 
 the «ar must have been insupportable. The acknowledge- 
 ments of all the Colonies, in regard to Great Britain, were like 
 those of Massachusetts, full of gratitude and affection. 
 
 Down to w ithin thirteen years of the Declaration of Inde- 
 pendence, the conduct of England to the North American 
 Colonies is acknowledged to have been just and generous. 
 Great Britain had incurred a heavy debt in carrying on the 
 war, and as it had been to a very great extent a war for the 
 benefit and safety of the Colonies, and had resulted in the 
 complete destruction of the French power in the northern part 
 of North America, the Government of the Mother Country 
 thought that the Colonies should do something towards pay- 
 ing the interest on this new debt. This they would probably 
 have agreed to, if they had been allowed to do it in their own 
 way and through their own Governmental organizations. Un- 
 fortunately the Home Government did not act upon this idea, 
 but contrary to the advice of some of the greatest statesmen 
 of the Empire (Pitt and Cambden among others), decided up- 
 on taxing the Colonists without giving them any voice in the 
 passing of the statutes. 
 
 This system of oppression of the Colonies began in 1764, 
 by the enforcing of the navigation laws, and the laying of 
 heavy duties on articles imported from the French and other 
 islands in the West Indies, and causing these duties to be paid 
 in specie into the exchequer of Great Britian, 
 
 Another Act restrained the currency of paper money in 
 the Colonies. The Stamp Act was passed by Mr. Grenville in 
 1765, not without a great deal of opposition from General 
 Conway, Colonel Barre, and others. The Colonies protested 
 against these measures, a congress of twenty-eight delegates 
 met at New York to deliberate on the condition of affairs, and 
 a general feeling of dissatisfaction prevailed, in which many 
 merchants in England and Scotland shared. In 1766 the 
 Stamp Act was repealed, but another Act was passed, declar- 
 
 'Ryerson. Vol. i, 271. 
 
Old Eastern District. 17 
 
 ing the right of Great Britain to bind the Colonies in all cases 
 whatever. 
 
 The Colonists admitted the right of the Mother Country 
 to make laws for the Colonies, so long as taxes were not im- 
 posed ; they strenuously opposed any attempt on her part to 
 levy a tax in the nature of an excise, though they ad- 
 mitted the right to pass laws regulating commerce, because 
 the fleets of Great Britain maintained the safety of navigation 
 and kept the sea clear of pirates. 
 
 The repeal of the Stamp Act gave great satisfaction. It 
 was unfortunately followed by three Bills. The first one to 
 impose duties on glass, red and white lead, painters' oil and 
 paper, and three pence a pound on tea ; the second to secure 
 the execution of the first ; and the third to establish Courts 
 of Admiralty at Halifax, Boston, Philadelphia and Charles- 
 town, for the trial of offences against the first Act. The Col- 
 onists were dissatisfied with these Acts, all the Provincial As- 
 semblies petitioned against them. Their remonstrances were 
 loyal, and reasonable, and they asked for nothing more than 
 the rights they possessed down to 1764. 
 
 In 1769, the efforts of the Colonists to obtain redress 
 were continued. They determined not to purchase goods of 
 British manufacture or importation ; there was no crime politi- 
 cal or moral in the course they decided upon taking. In 1770 
 the Port Dues Act was repealed, but the duty of three pence a 
 pound on tea ^^'as kept in force. It was generally evaded by the 
 Colonists, some of whom gave up the use of tea, and some smug- 
 gled it into the countr\-. The tax on tea was kept up in con- 
 sequence of an agreement between the British Ministry and 
 the East India Company, giving the company a monopoly of 
 the tea trade to America, and interfering with the ordinary 
 and natural channels of trade. The company were authorized 
 to export their tea free of duty to all places, and they could 
 send it to the Colonies cheaper than any others could, who had 
 to pay the duty, and even cheaper than before the tax of three 
 
 Ryerson. \o\. I, 324. 
 
1 8 Lunenburgh, or the 
 
 pence in the pound had been imposed, for the duty taken off 
 the tea when it was exported from England, was greater than 
 that to be paid on its importation into the Colonies. This 
 measure was opposed by English and American merchants on 
 selfish gi'ounds, and by the Colonists, because by it they were 
 taxed without representation. The strongest opposition came 
 from the American merchants, who saw that a profitable branch 
 of trade would be transferred from them to the English com- 
 pany. The people supported the view of the merchants, and 
 the scheme failed. No one bought the East India Company's 
 tea, and one cargo was thrown into Boston harbour. 
 
 In 1774, fifty-four delegates from twelve of the Provinces 
 met at Philadelphia, (Georgia was the only Province that sent 
 none.) The delegates v/ere instructed by their constituents to 
 acknowledge the sovereignty of Great Britain, to state their 
 willingness to pay the fullest obedience to all constitutional 
 laws, to disclaim all idea of separating from her, and to declare 
 their regret at the suspension of the confidence and affection 
 that had existed between the Mother Country and the Colon- 
 ies ; but they were enjoined to assert the rights transmitted 
 from their ancestors, and to state that opposition would not 
 cease until the obnoxious Acts were repealed, and the Col- 
 onies placed in the same condition they were in at the close 
 of the war in 1763. In 1775, the Parliament of Great Britain 
 determined to continue the coercive policy, though the Earl of 
 Chatham strongly urged a change. In this he was supported 
 by the Duke of Cumberland, the Marquis of Rockingham, 
 Lords Shelbourne and Cambden, and by petitions from mer- 
 chants and manufacturers throughout the Kingdom. In the 
 same year the Continental Congress met and again petitioned 
 for a redress of grievances, and a restoration of harmony be- 
 tween Great Britain and the Colonies. Their petition met 
 with no success; on the contrary, more repressive measures were 
 adopted, the forces naval and military were increased, Hessian, 
 and Hanoverian troops were to be engaged to bring the Col- 
 
 Ryerson. Vol. i, 372, 410, 443. 
 
Old Eastern District. 19 
 
 onies into subjection, collisions between the British troops and 
 Colonists occured, and Falmouth (now Portland) was burned. 
 The arbitrary measures against the Colonies excited a desire 
 for independence on the part of some of the members of Con- 
 gress, but a large majority still refused to entertain the idea. 
 The Colonies, while determined to assert and defend their con- 
 stitutional rights, were far from being united as to independ- 
 ence ; in fact reconciliation with the Mother Country was the 
 unanimous wish of the Colonists, until the petition of Congress 
 in 1775 was rejected. In May, 1776, the question of indepen- 
 dence came up in Congress, and was postponed till July. 
 When it came up then, it was found that six Colonies were 
 for, and six against adopting the resolution ; a certain member 
 from Philadelphia was induced to withdraw, and indepen- 
 dence was carried by a majority of one. 
 
 Ryerson. Vol. I, 453. 
 
20 Lunenbiirgh, or the 
 
 CHAPTER IV. 
 
 Ryerson in his second volume says : 
 
 " The condition of the United Empire Loyahsts for 
 months before as well as after the Declaration of Independence 
 was humiliating to freemen and perilous in the extreme. From 
 the beginning the Loyalists were deprived of the freedom of 
 the press and freedom of assemblage, and were under an 
 espionage, sleepless, malignant, subjecting them to every 
 species of insult, to arrest and imprisonment at any moment, 
 and to the seizure and confiscation of their property." 
 
 "Before the Declaration of Independence both parties were 
 confessedly British subjects, professing allegiance to the same 
 sovereign and constitution of government, and avowing their 
 allegiance to the constitutional rights of British subjects, but 
 differing from each other as to the extent of those rights, in 
 contradistinction to the constitutional rights of the Crown." 
 Both parties had their advocates in the British Parliament, 
 " but all the advocates of the constitutional rights of the 
 Colonists in both Houses of Parliament disclaimed on the part 
 of those whom they represented the least idea of independ- 
 ence or separation from Great Britain." 
 
 " Until the Declaration of Independence they were by far 
 the largest party, who not only expected but prayed for a 
 reconciliation. England was their home, and by that affec- 
 tionate name was ahvaj's spoken of ; all the wrongs that were 
 heaped upon the children could not make them forget their 
 homes or entirely alienate them from their parent ; the liga- 
 ments that connect nations are ne\'er less powerful, though 
 less tender, than those which unite individuals, families and 
 clans." 
 
 Ryerson. Vol. 2, 123. 
 
Old Eastern District. 21 
 
 " The party of Independence, getting, after months of 
 manipulation by its leaders, first a majority of one in the 
 Congress, and afterwards increasing that majority by various 
 means, repudiated their former professed principles of connec- 
 tion with England, broke faith with the great men and- parties 
 in England, both in and out of Parliament, who had vindicated 
 their rights and professions for years ; and broke faith also with 
 their numerous fellow-subjects in America who adhered to the 
 old faith, the old flag, and the connection with England, and 
 who were declared by resolutions of conventions from Con- 
 gress, provinces, counties, townships and towns, enemies of ' 
 their country, rebels and traitors, and treated as such. It might 
 be supposed that forbearance and respect would have been 
 shown to those who remained steadfast and immoveable in 
 the traditional faith of British Monarchy and British connec- 
 tion, notwithstanding that a corrupt and arbitrary party was 
 in power for the time being ; but this was not the case on the 
 part of those who professed as one cardinal article of their 
 political creed that ' all men are born free and equal,' and 
 therefore that every man had an equal right to his opinions 
 and to the expression of them. All this was reversed in the 
 treatment of the Loyalists." 
 
 " Mr. Hildreth well describes the position and treatment 
 of thd Loyalists before and after the Declaration of Independ- 
 ence. ' In the position of that considerable class of persons 
 who had remained in doubt, the Declaration of Independence 
 and the assumption, of State Go\-ernment made a decided 
 change. It was now necessary to choose one side or the 
 other. Very serious, too, was the change in the legal position 
 of the class known as Tories.' " 
 
 " In many of the States a large minority, and in all, 
 respectable for wealth and social position, of those thus 
 stigmatised, some were inclined to favour the utmost claims of 
 the Mother Country, but the greater part, though determined 
 
 Ryerson. Vol. 2, 124 Note. 
 
 History of the United States. \'ol. 3, 137, 138. 
 
22 Lunenburgh, or the 
 
 to adhere to the British connection, yet deprecated the policy 
 which had brought on so fatal a quarrel. This loyal minority, 
 especially its more conspicuous members, as the warmth of 
 political feeling increased, had been exposed to the violence of 
 mobs and to all sorts of personal indignities, in which private 
 malice or a wanton and insolent spirit of mischief had been 
 too often gratified under the disguise of patriotism." 
 
 " The barbarous and disgraceful practice of tarring and 
 feathering and carting Tories, placing them in a cart and con- 
 veying them about as a sort of spectacle, had become in some 
 places a favorite amusement." • 
 
 " To restrain these outrages Congress had specially com- 
 mitted the oversight of Tories and suspected persons to the 
 regularly appointed committees of inspection and observation 
 for the several counties and districts, but even these commis- 
 sioners were not always very judicious or discriminating in the 
 exercise of the despotic powers implied in that delicate trust." 
 
 " By the recent political changes Tories and suspected 
 persons became exposed to dangers from the law as well as 
 from mobs. Having boldly seized the reins of Government 
 the new State authorities claimed the allegiance of all resi- 
 dents within their limits, and under the lead and recommenda- 
 tion of Congress those who refused to acknowledge their author- 
 ity or who adhered to their enemies were exposed to severe 
 penalties, confiscation of property, imprisonment, banishment, 
 and finally death." * The treatment of the United Empire 
 Loyalists, whether they remained neutral or not, fully accounts 
 for the fierce warfare carried on between the two contending 
 parties. The warfare was begun against the Tories, who acted 
 at first on the defensive, but afterwards in many instances 
 cruelly retaliated for the injuries done to them. Sabine, who 
 
 Ryerson. Vol. 2, 126. 
 
 * General Haldimand states in a letter to Lord George Germaine, dated i8th 
 Nov., 178 1, that "the Loyalists were kept in terror, and that there was no hope 
 for their support, except by taking post." — Haldimand Collection, B. 57, p. 377 ; 
 Report on Canadian Archives, 1885, p. 361. There are several other references to 
 the treatment of the Loyalists in the Haldimand Collection. 
 
Old Eastern District. 23 
 
 is by no means friendly to the Tories (or United Empire 
 Loyalists), in the introduction to his Biography of the Ameri- 
 can Loyalists, condemns the Whigs for the cruelties practiced 
 on the Tories, and says : " Is there cause for wonder that some 
 who still live should say of their own or their father's treat- 
 ment, that persecution made half of the King's friends ?" 
 
 " The good men of the period mourned these proceedings,; 
 and they may be lamented now. The warfare waged against 
 persons at their own houses and about their lawful avocations 
 is not to be justiiied, and the mobs of the revolution are to be 
 as severely and as unconditionally condemned as the mobs 
 of the present day." He adds : " At the peace, justice and 
 good policy both required a general amnesty and the revoca- 
 tion of the Acts of disability and banishment, so that only 
 those who had been guilty of flagrant crimes should be ex- 
 cluded from becoming citizens. Instead of this, however, the 
 State Legislatures generally continued a course of hostile 
 ' action and treated the conscientious and pure, and the un- 
 principled and corrupt, with the same indiscrimination as they 
 
 Sabine, pp. 75, et seq. 
 
 Note. — Mr. Brymner's report on Canadian archives, 1886, gives some addi- 
 tional information about the treatment of Loyalists after the cessation of hostilities 
 in 1783. 
 
 A letter from Hugh Wallace, dated New York, 8th August, 1783, to General 
 Haldimand, states that " the Loyalists are ordered to leave the country that their 
 property is proscribed, and that he has lost all." Report p. 554 Haldimand Col- 
 lection, B. 75 — p. 152. 
 
 A letter from William Bayard, dated New York, 8th August, 1783, to General 
 Haldimand, states the "confiscation of all property by the rebels." Report p. 
 554, Haldimand Collection, B. 75 — I p. 154. 
 
 On the 22nd October, 1783, Hugh Wallace wrote again to General Haldi- 
 mand to the same effect. Report p. 556. 
 
 A letter from Asa Porter, dated Chass (queri Cahoes), 15th March, 1784, to 
 Major Matthews, reports the brutal treatment to Captain White and his son who 
 had gone to dispose of property and remove his family to Canada. Report p. 55^j 
 Haldimand Collection, B. 75—2 p. 38. 
 
 A letter from J. Fraser to General Haldimand, dated 31st May, 1784, reports- 
 the ill treatment of his sister-in-law's family, in the States, in consequence of their 
 loyalty. Report p. 560, Haldimand Collection, B. 75 — 2 p. 119. 
 
24 Ltmenburgh, or the 
 
 had done during the struggle. In some parts of the country 
 there really appears to have been a determination to place 
 these misguided, but then humbled, men beyond the pale of 
 human sympathy. Eventually the popular indignation dimin- 
 ished, the statute book was divested of the most objectionable 
 enactments, and numbers were permitted to occupy their old 
 homes and recover the whole or part of their property. But 
 by far the greater part of the Loyalists who quitted the coun- 
 try at the commencement of or during the war never returned, 
 and of the many thousands who abandoned the United States 
 after the peace, and while these enactments were in force, few 
 comparatively had the desire or even the means to revisit the 
 land from which they had been expelled. Such persons and 
 their descendants form a very considerable portion of the in- 
 habitants of Nova Scotia, New Brunswick and Upper Canada." 
 
 The foregoing sketch of the causes that led to the Revo- 
 lutionary war, and of the treatment and suffering of the U. 
 E. Loyalists, is not given with any view to raking up old 
 animosities ; the struggle that ^\'as ended more than a century 
 ago need not be considered now with any bitter feelings b}- 
 either the victors or the vanquished. If the descendants of the 
 Revolutionists look back with pride to the fact that success 
 crowned the efforts of their forefathers in the contest with 
 Great Britain, the descendants of the U. E. Loyalists have 
 good reason to be proud of the steadfastness ^vith which their 
 forefathers adhered to their view of what was the truth and 
 the right, and of their devotion and loyalty to the unity of the 
 Empire. 
 
 It has been said that until latel)- " the histor)- of the 
 Loyalists has been written by their enemies." It is well that 
 something should be said by their friends, and that their de- 
 scendants, who now constitute so large a portion of the 
 population of Ontario, Nova Scotia and New Brunswick, and 
 who are helping to open up the great North-west, should not 
 forget the race from which they have sprung, a race that for 
 *he sake of honour and duty sacrificed all that men hold 
 
Old Eastern District. 25 
 
 most dear — abandoned friends and property, left the homes 
 for which they had laboured and in defence of which many 
 of them had shed their blood in former wars, and sought 
 refuge in the Canadian forests, there to begin life anew. 
 
 The following extract from " The Hungry Year," a poem 
 by William Kirby, of Niagara, so well describes the stand 
 taken by the U. E. Loyalists and the sufferings undergone by 
 them, that the author of this little work takes the liberty of 
 inserting it here, trusting that neither Mr. Kirby nor his pub- 
 lishers will object to his doing so : — 
 
 THE U. E. LOYALISTS. 
 
 The war was over, seven red years of blood 
 
 Had scourged the land from mountain top to sea : 
 
 (So long it took to rend the mighty frame 
 
 Of England's empire in the western world.) 
 
 Rebellion won at last, and they who loved 
 
 The cause that lost, and who had kept their faith 
 
 To England's crown, and scorned an alien name, 
 
 Passed into exile, leaving all behind 
 
 Except their honour, and the conscious pride 
 
 Of duty done to country and to King. 
 
 Broad lands, ancestral homes, the gathered wealth 
 
 Of patient toil and self-denying year.=, 
 
 Were confiscate and lost ; for they had been 
 
 The salt and savour of the land ; trained up 
 
 In honour, loyalty, and fear of God. 
 
 The wine upon the lees decanted, when 
 
 They left their native soil with sword belts drawn 
 
 The tighter ; while the women only wept 
 
 At the thought of old fire-sides no longer theirs, 
 
 At household treasures reft, and all the land 
 
 Upset, and ruled by rebels to the King. 
 
 Not drooping like poor fugitives they came 
 
 In exodus to our Canadian wild. 
 
 But full of heart and hope, with heads erect 
 
 And fearless eyes victorious in defeat. 
 
 With thousand toils they forced their devious way 
 
 Through the great wilderness of silent woods. 
 
 That gloomed o'er lake and stream, till higher rose 
 
26 Lunenburgh, or the 
 
 The northern star above the broad domain 
 Of half a continent still theirs to hold, 
 Defend and keep for ever as their own, 
 Their own and England's to the end of time. 
 
 The virgin forests carpeted with leaves 
 Of many autumns fallen crisp and sear, 
 Put on their woodland state ; while overhead 
 Green seas of foliage roared a welcome home 
 ■ To the proud exiles, who for empire fought 
 And kept though losing much, this northern land 
 A refuge and defence for all who love 
 The broader freedom of a commonwealth 
 That wears upon its head a kingly crown. 
 
Old Eastern District. 27 
 
 CHAPTER V. 
 
 At the present day, and in the present state of those 
 parts of Ontario settled by the U. E. Loyahsts, it is difficult 
 to form even a faint idea of the task that was before them, 
 when they began the clearing away of the forest, and the 
 formation of new homes. 
 
 The Government allotted to each settler a liberal grant 
 of land, furnished such tools and agricultural implements as 
 were absolutely necessary, and supplied rations and cloth- 
 ing for three years, but the land was covered with forest, 
 there were no roads, the only means of communication 
 were by the river and the lakes, or by Indian pathways 
 through the woods. Rough log huts roofed with bark were 
 the only shelter for the settlers and their families ; there 
 was no grain, and if there had been, the mills to grind it 
 were not built; in short there were none of the comforts or 
 conveniences of life, and but a scanty supply of what was 
 absolutely necessary to existence. 
 
 The land grants were five thousand acres to each field 
 ■officer, three thousand to each captain, two thousand to each 
 subaltern, two hundred to each non-commissioned oflficer and 
 private, and fifty acres more for his wife and each child. In 
 addition to this, each child of a U. E. Loyalist was entitled to 
 a grant of two hundred acres on attaining the age of 
 twenty-one years. 
 
 All who wished to continue their allegiance to Great Brit- 
 ain had the right to participate in the grant of land, and were 
 directed to rendezvous at certain points on the frontier, viz : 
 Oswego, Sackett's Harbour, Niagara and Isle Aux Noix.* 
 
 Croil's Dundas. 
 
 * An island at the northern end of Lake Champlain. 
 
28 Ljinenbiirgh, or the 
 
 The first settlers in the front townships of Stormont, Dundas 
 and Glengarry, were the disbanded soldiers of the first 
 battalion of Sir John Johnson's corps, "The Royal Regiment 
 of New York," and of a battalion of the " Royal Highland 
 Emigrants, or 84th." Part of these corps had been stationed 
 at Isle Aux Noix, and another at Carleton Island.* These 
 and other Provincial corps were disbanded in the spring of 
 1784. In the autumn of the previous year they were joined 
 by their families, who had made a weary journey through the 
 forest to Whitehall or Oswego. Many of the men had been 
 separated from their families for years, they had now to re- 
 main in barracks for the winter, with the prospect of a long 
 and laborious journey up the St. Lawrence, and of years of 
 toil before they could again enjoy the comforts of home. 
 Croil, in his " Dundas," says that " In June, 1784, the first 
 settlers landed in the County of Dundas.'' It is probable that 
 the landing of the settlers in Glengarry and Stormont was a 
 little earlier. 
 
 With very few exceptions, the men of the Provincial 
 corps raised for the King's service during the Revolutionary 
 war, had been farmers in the old Provinces ; they were 
 therefore not so helpless on their new lands as men who had 
 been in the regular service, and to whom the barracks and 
 the camp had been a home. There were some of this class, 
 also, many of whom settled on their lands and made good 
 settlers. Some sold their allotments for trifling sums, and it 
 was said that in a few instances, a two hundred acre lot 
 was exchanged for a bottle of rum. 
 
 Many of the men of the Royal Highland Emigrants were 
 placed in the townships of Lancaster, Charlottenburg and 
 Cornwall, some of those who had been in the Royal Regiment 
 of New York, also settled in Lancaster and Charlottenburg,, 
 but the most of them were located in Matilda, Williamsburg 
 Osnabruck and Cornwall. 
 
 Croil's Dundas, p. 129. 
 
 * Between Wolfe Island and the south shore of the St. Lawrence. 
 
Old Eastern District. 29 
 
 It is stated in appendix B., of the Ontario Agricultural 
 Committee's report for 1881, p. 549, that the first settlers came 
 to Cornwall in 1776. It is quite possible that some who 
 dreaded the approaching war in the old provinces, may have 
 moved to Canada at that early date. The number was no 
 doubt small. There is no record of their names or of the 
 lands they occupied, and they have been absorbed in the 
 larger immigration of 1784. 
 
 It is unfortunate that no effort was made in the early 
 da^s of the settlement to preserve records of the services, the 
 labours and the sufferings of the U. E. -Loyalists both before 
 and after their coming to Canada. 
 
 One can easily understand why such records are so few. 
 For many years after 1784 there were but few who were able 
 to keep a diary, and they, in common with the rest of the set- 
 tlers, were too busy, too much engaged in the stern work of 
 subduing the forest and making new homes, to have much 
 time for anything but the struggle for existence. 
 
 Each U. E. Loyalist had some story to tell of the stirring 
 times through which he had passed. Some of the older men 
 could speak of service in the French war, under Howe, 
 Abercrombie, Wolfe, Amherst or Johnson ; perhaps of the 
 defeat of Braddock, or of the desperate fight at the out- 
 works of Ticonderoga, where Montcalm drove back Aber- 
 crombie's troops ; of success at Frontenac or Niagara ; of 
 scaling the heights at Quebec, and of victory with Wolfe on 
 the Plains of Abraham ; of the long and perilous voyage 
 down the St. Lawrence with Amherst, and of the capitulation 
 of Montreal. There were but few who could not tell of ad- 
 ventures in the seven years' war from 1776 to 1783, and of 
 loss of home, property and friends, for the part they took in 
 it ; while many could speak from personal experience of cruel 
 wrong and persecution suffered by them as a punishment for 
 their loyalty. No doubt when neighbours met together on a 
 winter evening to chat beside the great fireplace filled with 
 blazing logs, many an hour was passed in the telling of tales 
 
30 Ltmenburgli, or the 
 
 •of the troubles and adventures they had encountered. These 
 stories have gradually faded and become dim in the recollec- 
 tion of the people ; here and there a few facts can be got froni 
 some family that has cherished the remembrance of them as 
 an heirloom. A Fraser could tell of the imprisonment and 
 death of a father ; a Chisholm of imprisonment, and escape 
 through the good offices of a brother Highlander in the French 
 service ; a Dingwall of the escape of a party through the 
 woods, of sufferings from cold and hunger, of killing for food 
 the faithful dog* that followed them, and dividing the carcase 
 into scanty morsels ; a Ferguson of running the gauntlet, im- 
 prisonment, sentence of death, and escape ; an Anderson of 
 service under Amherst, of the offer first of a company, then 
 of a battalion, in the Continental army, as the price of treason, 
 of being imprisoned and sentenced to death, and of escape 
 with his fellow-prisoners to Canada. Some interesting state- 
 ments are given in Croil's " Dundas" and in Canniff's " Settle- 
 ment of Upper Canada," but with the exception of these the 
 details of most of the early settlers' adventures are lost for ever. 
 
 It is probable that not a few of the Highlanders could 
 tell of service on one side or the other in the abortive rising 
 under " Bonnie Prince Charlie" in 1745, which, after successful 
 actions at Preston Pans and Falkirk, was quenched in blood 
 on CuUoden Muir in 1746. Some, like John McDonell 
 (Scotus),-f- might be able to show a claymore with blade 
 dented by blows on the bayonets of Cumberland's Grenadiers. 
 
 The old stories, as well as the actors in them, are gone. 
 
 " The good knights are dust, 
 Their good swords are rust, 
 \wA their souls are with the saints we trust." 
 
 Turning from the old days, the reader's attention is direct- 
 ed to the settlement and early prorgess of the Counties of 
 Stormont, Dundas and Glengarry, and the Town of Cornwall. 
 
 * One of the party got the dog's tail ^s hich he ate with great relish, declaring 
 it to be the sweetest morsel he ever tasted. 
 
 t Grandfather of the late Donald /lineas McDonell, at one time Sheriff of the 
 Eastern District. 
 
Old Eastern District. 31 
 
 CHAPTER VI. 
 
 The exact date of the first survey of lands in the Province 
 ■of Upper Canada is not known. It is not probable that any 
 were made before the year 1783, although small settlements 
 had been formed in the neighborhood of Niagara and of other 
 garrisons along the frontier some years earlier. In the Haldi- 
 mand Collection, B. 105, p. 408,* a return is given in 1784 of 
 the settlement at Niagara. The number of settlers is 46, with 
 44 houses, 20 barns, 713 acres cleared, 123 acres sown in 
 wheat, 342 acres to be sown, 1 24 horses, 96 cows, 64 young 
 cattle, 35 calves and 332 swine. This return shows that the 
 work of clearing, building and improving had been going on 
 for at least three or four years. 
 
 There are several references to the surveying of the land 
 and the settlement of the Loyalists and Indians given in Mr. 
 Brymner's Report on Canadian Archives for 1886. By taking 
 therh according to their dates a fair idea can ' be formed of 
 what was proposed to be done, and of what was actually ac- 
 complished, by the authorities. 
 
 On the 2nd of June, 1783, General Haldimand wrote to 
 Lord North about surveys on the north of Lake Ontario for a 
 settlement of Indians and about the settlement of Loyalists near 
 Detroit. He also refers to the openly avowed hostility of the 
 Americans to the Indians and Loyalists, and mentions that a 
 road was ordered to be opened to Lake Temiscouata for com- 
 munication with Nova Scotia.f On the 21st of July, 1783, 
 Haldimand wrote to Lord North that Loyalist families were 
 preparing to settle near Cataraqui, which had been surveyed by 
 Major Holland.:|: August 27th, 1783, same to the same : The 
 
 * Brymner's Report on Canadian Archives, 1886. Vol. 2, p. 83. 
 
 + Brymner's Report, 1885, p. 350. Haldimand Collection, B. 56, p. 65. 
 
 J Brymner's Report, 1885, p. 351. Haldimand Collection, B. 56, p. loi. 
 
32 Lunmbm gh, or the 
 
 intention of the Mohawks to settle on the north of Lake- 
 Ontario ; preparing for settlement of Loyalists at Cataraqui ;. 
 arrival of 700 from New York ; measures for relief and surveys, 
 for their settlement in different parts of the Province.* Nov- 
 ember 17th, 1 783, same to the same : Plans of a Loyalist settle- 
 ment near Cataraqui forwarded. November iSth, 1783, same to 
 the same: Cannot disband the regiments as ordered till spring; . 
 preparations for settling Loyalists near Cataraqui.-f- February 
 1 2th, 1784, Matthews to Sir John Johnson : Good effects of the 
 Loyalists' settling ; arrangements should be made by Major- 
 Holland for the persons to be employed by McNiff ; hopes he: 
 will receive instructions which will enable him to leave Mon- 
 treal on the 20th or 25th. J February i6th, 1784, Matthews to. 
 Ross : Lieut. Kotte's attendance upon survey of the Long 
 Sault necessary ; guides sent to Cataraqui to take the party 
 down. II Same date, Matthews to Johnson : Enclosing letter 
 from Major Holland, to be forwarded to Cataraqui by three or 
 four Indians or Loyalists, who are to assist in bringing down 
 instructions for the survey by Lieut. Kotte, in time to meet. 
 McNiff, Lieut. Sutherland and party. § February 19th, 1784, 
 same to same : Hopes survey will be begun in March.** April 
 15th, 1784, Matthews to Maurer : Wives and families of Loy- 
 alists to move with them, so as to enforce the necessity for 
 rapid settling.ff April i6th, 1784, same to Lieut. Robins: That 
 the whole of the Loyalists must move at once to their settle- 
 ments.^l May 31st, 1784, same to Holland : The difficulty of 
 mustering the Loyalists beyond Sorel ; he is to settle them 
 
 *Brymner's Report, 1885, p. 352. Haldimand Collection, B. 56, p. 132. 
 
 + Brymner's Report, 1885, p. 354. Haldimand Collection, B. 56, p. 184-186.. 
 
 $Brymner's Report, 1886, p. 412, H.C., B. 63, p. 85. 
 
 II Brymner's Report, 1886, p. 413, H.C., B. 63, p. 94. 
 
 §Bryraner's Report, 1S86, p. 413, H.C., B. 63, p. 95. 
 
 **Brymner's Report, 1886, p. 413, H.C., B. 63, p. 97. 
 
 ■H-Brymner's Report, 1886, p. 420, H.C., B. 63, p. 210. 
 
 JtBrymner's Report, i886, p. 421, H.C., B. 63, p. 225. 
 
Old Eastern District. 33 
 
 and muster afterwards ; disapproves of the proposal to give of- 
 iicers front lots ; they must draw promiscuously with the men.* 
 After reading these extracts one naturally comes to the 
 conclusion that surveys were made in the neighborhood of 
 Cataraqui, at Kingston, in 1783, and that the survey of the 
 land east of Cataraqui to the Province line, on the eastern 
 boundary of the township of Lancaster, was made early in 
 1784. Major Holland appears to have had the charge of the 
 surveys, with Mr. McNiff and Lieuts. Kotte and Sutherland 
 as his assistants. The names of Stickman and Tewit,-|- men- 
 tioned in Croil's Dundas, do not appear in the Haldimand 
 Collection ; they may have been employed at a subsequent 
 period. It is well known that Patrick McNiff made the first 
 survey of that portion of the counties of Stormont, Dundas 
 and Glengarry that lies along the River St. Lawrence. He 
 made a map of this survey, showing the lots as far back 
 as the rear of the second concession of the township of 
 Lancaster, the second concession north of the River Aux 
 Raisin in Charlottenburg, the eighth concession as num- 
 bered on the eastern boundary of the township of Cornwall, 
 the third concession of Osnabruck, and the second concession 
 of Williamsburg and Matilda. In each of the concessions 
 the lots are marked, and on each lot located or settled upon is 
 given the name of the owner. This map,| which is dated ist 
 November, 1786, and signed "Patrick McNiff," was made by 
 him for Sir John Johnson. The title is : 
 
 "A Plan of part of the new settlements on the north bank of the south-west 
 branch of the St. Lawrence River, commencing near Point au Bodett, on Lalce 
 St. Francis, and extending westerly along the said north bank to the west boundary 
 of Township No. 5, laid down from the latest surveys and observations. 
 
 "November 1st, 1786. (Signed), Patrick McNiff." 
 
 *Brymner's Report, 1886, p. 420, H.C., B. 63, p. 361. 
 
 + This may be Wm. Chewett, for many years Surveyor-General of Upper 
 Canada. Morgan states in his Biography of Celebrated Canadians, that he was 
 employed in 1786 to survey the district of Lunenburg. 
 
 X The map is now in the possession of D. B. McLennan, of Cornwall, Bar- 
 rister. 
 
34 Limenburgh, or the 
 
 The townships are designated on the margin, thus, with a 
 short description opposite each township : 
 
 ' ' Lake Township. 
 
 ' ' Township No. i . 
 
 " Township No. 2. 
 
 " Township No. 3. 
 
 " Township No. 4. 
 
 " Township No. 5. 
 
 "The scale of chains is 40 to an inch. 
 
 " The bearing of the side lines is N. 24 ° W. 
 
 "The dotted lines are all run and marked, 
 
 " The double lines are roads left. 
 
 " The bearing of Monsieur Lougelle's west boundary is N. 34 ° W. 
 
 " (The ' dotted lines' are the concession lines.)" 
 
 The town plot of Cornwall is set out and named " New 
 Johnstown." It is not divided into lots, nor are the streets 
 marked. No names of occupants of town lots are given.* 
 
 At the time McNiff's map was made the townships were 
 not named as they are now. Lancaster was then called " the 
 Lake Township," the rest were numbered from the east. The 
 designation of the townships by numbers was commonly used 
 by the old people long after the present names had been 
 adopted. Osnabruck, Williamsburg and Matilda were much 
 more readily known as the third, fourth or fifth towns, than by 
 their authorized and legal names. 
 
 It was by the survey from which the McNiff map was 
 drawn that the distribution of land was made in these counties 
 to the U. E. Loyalists. The distribution was made by each 
 man drawing a ticket, on which was ^^■ritten the number of lot 
 and the concession. In this way each one had an equal 
 chance, and there could be no suspicion of favoritism. 
 
 In the Report on Archives for 1888, page 753, an abstract 
 of the number o'" men, \A'omen and children who settled in the 
 new town.ships on the River St. Lawrence is given; the names 
 are not stated. The abstract states that the ist Battalion of 
 the King's Royal Regiment of New York settled on Townships 
 I to 5 ; total, 1462. Part of Jessup's Corps on Townships 6, 
 
 * It is on too small a scale for the names. 
 
Old Eastern District. 35 
 
 7 and part of 8 ; * total, 495. The 2nd Battalion of the King's 
 Royal Regiment of New York on Townships 3 and 4, Catara- 
 qui ; total, 310. Captain Grass' party on i, Cataraqui, 187. 
 Part of Jessup's Corps on 2, Cataraqui, 434. Major Rogers' 
 Corps on 3, Cataraqui, 299. Major VanAlstine's party of 
 Loyalists on 4, Cataraqui, 258. Different detachments of 
 disbanded Regular Regiments on 5, Cataraqui, 259. Detach- 
 ment of Germans with Baron Reitzenstein on 5, Cataraqui, 44. 
 Rangers of the Six Nation Department and Loyalists settled 
 with the Mohawk Indians at the Bay of Quinte, 28. The 
 whole numbered 3776, namely : 1568 men, 626 women, 1492 
 children and 90 servants. 
 
 As soon as possible after the division of the land was 
 made, the owners took possession. As they landed in June, 
 1784, they had several months in which to make some prepara- 
 tion, rude though it might be for the coming winter. Those 
 on adjoining lots would join together to put up for each 
 settler a log house as a shelter. These houses were small, the 
 largest not more than 20 feet by 15, built of round logs 
 notched at the corners and laid one upon another to a height 
 of seven or eight feet. The roof was made of elm bark, an 
 opening for a door and one for a window was cut, the floor 
 was made of split logs, the hearth of flat stones, the chimney 
 of field stone laid up with clay for mortar as high as the walls,, 
 above which it was made of small round sticks plastered with 
 clay ; the spaces between the logs were "chinked" with small 
 pieces of wood and daubed with clay, a blanket did duty as a 
 door until a few boards could be cut with a whip saw, the 
 window was fitted in course of time with a rough sash, and 
 four lights of glass seven and a half inches by eight and a 
 half, and the log house would be complete. Bed and bedding 
 the settlers in most cases brought with them, but chairs, tables 
 and bedsteads had to be manufactured by each man for him- 
 self Blocks of wood might serve for seats, the lid of a chest 
 
 Croil's Dundas. 
 
 * Township 6 Edwardsburg, ^ Augusta, 8 Elizabethtown. 
 
36 Lunenburgh, or the 
 
 could do duty as a table, and a few poles could be put together 
 to form a bedstead. Shelter having been provided, each family 
 proceeded as best they might to clear a space of ground on 
 which to raise a scanty crop the following year. Everything 
 had to be done by manual labour; there were neither horses nor 
 oxen to be had, and the task of clearing the farms to fit them for 
 cultivation must have appeared almost hopeless. Yet the hardy 
 settlers did not despair ; they worked on bravely and persistent- 
 ly, and year by year cut their way into the forest, until great por- 
 tions of it were changed into fruitful fields. In forty years after 
 1784 the southern portions of the concessions along the river 
 were well cleared and cultivated, and the other concessions of the 
 front townships shewed the result of steady labour, in the strip 
 of cleared and cultivated land along their respective headlines. 
 For the first two or three years the crops were of course 
 very small, but year by year they increased, and the need of 
 mills became more and more apparent. Hand mills had been 
 supplied by the Government, but the work of grinding by 
 them was tedious and laborious. The mills nearest to this 
 part of the country were at Gananoque and the Cedars, and 
 to one or other of these the farmers went, taking their grain 
 by boat in summer and by hand sleigh in winter. In course 
 of time mills were erected at Williamstown,* Milleroches, 
 Moulinette, St. Andrews, and other places. 
 
 There were no sites on the St. Lawrence, at or near 
 the Town of Cornwall, on which a mill could be built, as the 
 shoving of the ice in winter would have destroyed any building 
 that might have been erected. Two windmills were put up : 
 one west of the town, near the bank of the river, on lot num- 
 ber fifteen ; the other east of the town, on lot number five, in 
 the first concession. The first one was built about the close of 
 the last century ; it fell into decay or was destroyed, but the floor 
 made of large flag stones was to be seen about fifty years ago. 
 The second one is still standing ; its usefulness as a mill ended 
 before 1830, and in 1839 it was converted into a block house. 
 
 * Sir Tohn Johnson built the mill at Williamstown. 
 
Old Eastern District. 37 
 
 CHAPTER VII. 
 
 The settlement and improvement of the town went on sim- 
 ultaneously with that of the townships, but probably at a 
 slower rate. It is impossible now to ascertain how many per- 
 sons settled in the town plot in 1784, and it is most probable 
 that not many did so until some years later. As already 
 mentioned, McNiff's map does not give any information on 
 this point ; the list of patents granted for town lots, appears 
 to be the only source from which the names and number of 
 the townspeople can be got, but it is not satisfactory, as the 
 earliest patent issued bears date on the 17th of October, 
 1803. Many persons may have occupied town lots who 
 never got out patents, and others lived in the town for years 
 before patents were granted for the lots they occupied. 
 
 The patent mentioned above, as being the first issued for 
 a town lot, was made to Aaron Brown, for lot number 15, 
 south side of First street. Eight patents were issued in 1 804, 
 one in 1805, and nine in 1809. The first patent issued in the 
 three counties was that to Captain John Munro, for lot i and 
 east half of 2 in the first concession of Matilda, which bears date 
 on the nth of September, 1793. The next in date is that to 
 Allen Patterson, for lot 9, in the third concession of Matilda, 
 dated 4th June, 1796 ; and the next is that to Allan McDonell, 
 for lot 8, in the fifth concession, and lot 31, in the eighth con- 
 cession of Cornwall, dated 6th of June, 1796. 
 
 As the patent to Captain John Munro is dated more than 
 ten years, and those to Patterson and Allan McDonell nearly 
 seven years before the first one for a lot in the town, it would 
 appear that the first inhabitants of the town were either tran- 
 sient, occupants, or were very dilatory about getting their titles 
 from the Crown. 
 
 The appearance of the town a hundred years ago cannot 
 
38 Lunenhnrgh, or the 
 
 be described exactly, but in all probability the place consisted 
 of a few log huts, each standing in its own little clearing along 
 the bank of the river ; a store or two, a blacksmith's shop, and 
 one may say as a matter of course, a tavei'n, representing the 
 business interests of the infant town. It was not then a dis- 
 trict town ; no districts were formed until some years 
 later, but it was the headquarters of the officers who dis- 
 tributed the rations, clothing and other necessaries supplied 
 by the Government to the settlers, and it was the centre of 
 the business done at the time. This was of small extent. 
 Money was scarce. For the first few years there was little or 
 no grain for export ; if the farms yielded enough for the sup- 
 port of their owners it was all that could be expected. Potash 
 and timber were in demand, and from them was derived the 
 means of purchasing such supplies as the farmers needed. 
 The only persons in receipt of a regular income were the officers 
 on half pay,* who received an allowance quarterly, which 
 though small, was certain during their lives. There was not 
 much scope for enterprise in the early days of the town's ex- 
 istence, and its progress was slow. It is mentioned in Smith's 
 Gazetteer of Upper Canada twice in very few words. On page 
 seven, after describing Charlottenburg, Smith says : " The 
 To\\'nship of Cornwall adjoins next. In front is the town of a 
 ' mile square, lying in a commodious bay of the river, and wat- 
 ered by a small ri\'ulet which runs through the town," and on 
 page 93 he has the following : "'Johstown, New,' in the Town- 
 ship of Cornwall, is situated upon the River St. Lawrence, be- 
 low the Long Sault, to the northward of the Grand Isle de 
 St. Regis, and is now called Cornwall." 
 
 The " comraodipus bay " was long ago filled up by the 
 embankment of the canal, and the " rivulet that watered the 
 town " is now dr)- in summer, and a troublesome- ditch in 
 spring and autumn. 
 
 As it will no doubt be interesting to see what, was 
 
 * JosL-ph Anderson, a lieutenant in the King's Royal Regiment, of New York,, 
 drew lialf pay from 1783 until his death in 1853. 
 
Old Eastern District. 39 
 
 written of the country eighty or ninety years ago, the follow- 
 ing extracts are given from the above mentioned Gazetteer, 
 published in England, in 1799, by W. Faden, Geographer to 
 His Majesty and His Royal Highness the Prince of Wales. 
 The title is " A Short Topographical Description of His 
 Majesty's Province of Upper Canada in North America, to 
 which is ann,exed a Provincial Gazetteer, drawn up by David 
 William Smyth, Esq., Surveyor-General of Upper Canada, at 
 the desire of Major-General Simcoe, ist Oct., 1799." The 
 book was printed at Charing Cross, London, and the author 
 informs his readers that " Point au Bodet is situated nearly 
 half way on the north side of Lake St. Francis, which is about 
 25 miles long, and narrow throughout. The object of divid- 
 ing the Province of Quebec at a stone boundary, in the cove 
 west of this point, was apparently in order that the seigniorial 
 grants under French tenure should be comprehended in the 
 Province of Lower Canada, and that the new seigniories or 
 townships, which were laid out for the Loyalists, should be 
 within the Province of Upper Canada, the said stone bound- 
 ary being" the limit between the uppermost French seigniories, 
 (M. De Longueil's), on the River St. Lawrence, and the lower 
 new seigniory of Lancaster, surveyed for the disbanded troops 
 and Loyalists, His Majesty having in 1788 signified his inten- 
 tention that they should be placed upon the same footing in 
 all respects as the Loyalists in Nova Scotia and Xew Bruris- 
 wick, by having their lands granted to them in free and com- 
 mon socage." 
 
 " In passing from Point au Bodet westward through Lake 
 St. Francis, and up the River St. Lawrence, the route is gener- 
 ally made on the north shore. Lancaster is the first to\\nship 
 fronting the lake. It extends nine miles, which is the ordin- 
 ary size of all townships, and extending 12 miles back from 
 the front. Lancaster is watered by three small rivers, one of 
 which empties itself to the east, and another to the west of 
 Point Mouillee, which projects into the lake towards the 
 centre of the township." 
 
-40 Limenburgh, or the 
 
 " The next township is Charlottenburg, well watered by 
 the River Aux Raisins, which rising in the Township of 
 Osnabruck runs through that and the adjoining Township of 
 Cornwall, and discharges itself into Lake St. Francis, at the 
 south-east angle of Charlottenburg, eastward of Point Johnson. 
 In front of this township are several small islands. Between 
 Charlottenburg and Cornwall is a small tract possessed by the 
 Indians, who have a considerable village on the south shore 
 called St. Regis ; and in this part of the St. Lawrence lie 
 several islands, one called Petite Isle de St. Regis, immedi- 
 ately opposite the village ; and another, Grande Isle de St. 
 Regis, a little higher up, opposite to the Town of Cornwall.'' 
 
 " The Township of Cornwall adjoins next. In the front 
 is the town, of a mile square, lying in a commodious bay of 
 the river, and watered by a small rivulet which runs through 
 the town. Two branches of the River Aux Raisins pass 
 through the lands of the township, and in front thereof are 
 the Isles Aux Mille Roches et des Cheneaux Ecartee and 
 Grand Isle St. Regis, lying in front of the town. In rear of 
 this township is the Township of Roxborough." 
 
 " The Township of Osnabruck lies above Cornwall. The 
 River Aux Raisins rises here in several branches ; it has two 
 other streams which run into the St. Lawrence in front, off 
 which lie the Isle au Longue Sault, Isle de Trois Chenaux 
 Ecartee, Isles au Diable et Isle au Chat.'' 
 
 " The rapids called the Long Sault, lie in front of this 
 township. The boats in going up keep the north shore, in 
 great measure because the south shore is not settled ; but in 
 descending they universally pass between the islands and the 
 south shore, that being the largest, deepest, and altogether 
 the safest passage. The inhabitants of late years have taken 
 down their grain with safety on rafts to the Montreal markets." 
 
 " Many people think that the lumber trade is carried on 
 with more safety down these rapids than by those which pass 
 Chambly from Lake Champlain, it being a frequent observa- 
 tion at Quebec that the rafts from the upper St. Lawrence are 
 
Old Eastern District. 41 
 
 less ragged than those which come from Lake Champlain. 
 There is, however, some little additional risk to the rafts from 
 Upper Canada, by reason of having to pass the small 
 lakes St. Francis and St. Louis, all broad waters being more 
 or less against the- rafting trade. But as Lake St. Pierre, which 
 is larger than either St. Francis or St. Louis, must be passed, 
 whether from Lake Champlain or the upper St. Lawrence, 
 there is no doubt but the lumber trade will find its way down 
 the St. Lawrence. Some settlers have already made the 
 attempt even from the head of the Bay of Quinte, and when 
 the produce of that very fertile country shall be exported for 
 the Montreal or foreign markets, the raft will answer a double 
 purpose ; it requires but few hands to manage it, and grain or 
 potash may be carried as dry as in any other way." 
 
 " The Township of Williamsburg is the next above Osna- 
 bruck. It has but few streams. There are some islands in its 
 front, among the rest. Isle au Rapid Plat, the west end of 
 which lies also in front of Matilda, which is the next township. 
 In the front is Point au Pins, and Pointe Iroquois, the latter 
 of which has the advantage in a great measure of command- 
 ing the passage up and down the St. Lawrence. A few islands 
 lie in front of this township, and a peninsula which is insulated 
 at high water." 
 
 " Edwardsburg is the next township, in the front part of 
 which is Johnstown, of a mile square. This with the Town of 
 Cornwall has been most judiciously chosen, the one being im- 
 mediately above, the other below the rapids of the upper St. 
 Lawrence. In the front of this township is Pointe au Car- 
 dinal, Pointe au Gallop, Pointe Iroquois and Pointe au Foine, 
 and several islands, among which are Hospital Island and Isle 
 du Fort Levi,* where the French had a garrison, the ruins of 
 which are still to be seen." 
 
 " A little above Johnstown, on the south shore, is Fort 
 Oswegatchie, situated on a river of that name." f 
 
 • Chimney Island, 
 t Now Ogdensburg. 
 
42 Lunenburgh, or the 
 
 The following extracts from Smith's Gazetteer, refer to 
 places within the counties of Stormont, Dundas and Glengarry 
 by the names they bore in 1799, some of which are still in use. 
 The names are given here exactly as they are in the original 
 book : 
 
 Barbue Point, on the River St. Lawrence, about a mile and a half 
 above the lower end of the fourth town. (This point is given on McNiff 's map 
 as being on lot No. 6, Williamsburg). 
 
 Batteau ISLANn, in the St. Lawrence, above Bearded Island. 
 
 Bearded Island, in the River St. Lawrence, above Lake St. Francis. 
 
 BoDET, PoiNTE AU, on the north shore of Lake St. Francis, is in Mon- 
 sieur de Longueuil's seigniory, and a little to the east of the cove in which is the 
 boundary between the provinces of Upper and Lower Canada. 
 
 BoDET, Rn'iERE AU, runs through part of the Township of Lancaster, and 
 empties itself into Lake St. Francis, east of Pointe du Bodet. 
 
 Ci-iASSE, Riviere de la Belle, runs into the River St. Lawrence, about 
 two miles below Isle Rapid Plat. 
 
 Chat, Isle au, opposite. Osnabruck. (Opposite lots Nos. 29, 30, 31, 32, 
 Osnabruck). 
 
 Chenal Ecarte, Isle de, in the River St. Lawrence, opposite the 
 Township of Cornwall. 
 
 Chene, Points au, lies east of River de la Traverse, and nearly opposite 
 to St. Regis. 
 
 DiABLE, Isles aux, lie between the Isle au Long Sault and the Town- 
 ship of Osnabruck. 
 
 Eastern District, The, was originally constituted and erected into a dis- 
 trict by the name of the District of Lunenburg, in the Province of Quebec, re- 
 ceived its present name by an Act of the Provincial Legislature. It is bounded 
 easterly by the Province of Lower Canada, southerly by the River St. Law- 
 rence, northerly by the Ottawa River, and westerly by a meridian passing 
 through the mouth of the Gananoque River, in the Township of Leeds. 
 
 Gallops* Les, Rapid, off Pointe au Gallop, in Edwardsburg. 
 
 Genette, Isle Ar, lies a little above Isle au Chat. (Opposite lots 33 and 
 34, Osnabruck). 
 
 Herbes, Pointe aun, on the north shore of Lake St. Francis, lies east 
 of the Ri\er Aux Raisins. 
 
 Johnsons, Pointe, lies west of the River Aux Raisins. 
 
 Johnstown, New, in the Township of Cornwall, is situated upon the 
 River St. Lawrence, below the Long Sault, to the northward of Grand Isle St. 
 Regis, and is now called Cornwall. 
 
 Johnstown, in the Township of Edwardsburg, is situated on the River St. 
 Lawrence, above the uppermost rapids in ascending to Lake Ontario. 
 
 * Galops. 
 
Old Eastern District. 43 
 
 Iroquois, Pointb aux, on the River St. Lawrence, six or seven miles 
 above the Rapid Plat, in the Township of Matilda. (Lots 24 and 25 Matilda). 
 
 Lac, Pointe du, the westernmost point as you descend into Lal<e St. 
 Francis, on the north side of the River St. Lawrence. (Probably Glengarry Point, 
 lot 26, Charlottenburg). 
 
 Levi, Isle du Fort, on the River St. Lawrence, in front of the township 
 of Edwardsburg. On this island are the remains of a French fortification. 
 
 Long Sault, Isle au, in the River St. Lawrence, and in front of the Town- 
 ship of Osnabruck, contains from 1,000 to 1,500 acres. 
 
 Maligne, Grande Pointe, on the River St. Lawrence, is a little above 
 Petite Pointe Maligne, and opposite the Grand Island of St. Regis. 
 
 Maligne, la Petite Pointe, on the north side of the River St. Law- 
 rence, not far above the lower end of Grand Isle de St. Regis. (These are the 
 points above and below tlie Town of Cornwall), 
 
 Marandier*, Point, on the north side of Lake St. Francis, east of Pointe 
 aux Herbes, in the Township of Lancaster. 
 
 Mills Roches, Isle au, contains from six to seven hundred acres. It 
 lies partly above and partly parallel to Isle Chenal Ecarte, in the River St. Law- 
 rence. 
 
 Morpion, Isle, a small island in the River St. Lawrence, opposite to Pointe 
 a la Traverse. 
 
 Morpion, Isle au, in Lake St. Francis. A small rocky island lying nearly 
 -opposite to Pointe Mouille. (In McNiff's map a small island opposite lot number 
 16, Charlottenburg, is called Isle Morpions. See Pointe a la Traverse). 
 
 Moulinet, Isles aux, in the River St. Lawrence, opposite the Township of 
 ■Osnabruck, are very small, and the soil tolerably good. (Opposite lots 7, 8 and 
 9, Osnabruck). 
 
 Mouille, Pointe, on Lake St. Francis, west of Pointe au Bodet, in the 
 Township of Lancaster. 
 
 Pins, Pointe au, in front of the Township of Matilda, below Pointe 
 Iroquois. 
 
 Presentation Fort, or Oswegatchie, on the south side of the River St. 
 St. Lawrence, above Point Gallop. + 
 
 Presque Isle, Major, is in front of the Township of Matilda, above Pointe 
 Iroquois. 
 
 Presque, Isle, is in Edwardsburg, nearly opposite to Hospital Island, and 
 above Pointe au Gallop.* 
 
 Priests' Island, above Point au Gallop. 
 
 Raisin Isles, in Lake St. Francis, lie between the mouth of the Ri^■er 
 Aux Raisins, and the point of that name. They are small and rocky. 
 
 Raisin Pointe, in Lake St. Francis, lies to the east of Pointe du Lac. 
 
 * Was this point named after " De la Marandiere," mentioned in a letter 
 dated 12 Oct., 1717, from De Vaudreuil, to the French Minister. Brymner's Re- 
 port, 1886, p. vi. 
 
 + Should be Galop. 
 
44 Lunenburgh, or the 
 
 Raisins, Riviere aux, runs through the Townships of Osnabruck and 
 Cornwall, the Indian lands opposite to St. Regis and the Township of Charlotten- 
 burg, emptying itself into Lake St. Francis near the south east angle of the latter 
 township. 
 
 Rapid Plat, Isle au, in front of the Township of Matilda, contains about 
 200 acres, and lies partly in front of the Township of Williamsburg, also (ex-, 
 tends from lot 35 Williamsburg, to lot 2, Matilda). 
 
 Regis, St., a considerable village of Indians. Converted to the Roman 
 Catholic faith. Situated on the south shore of the St. Lawrence, above Lake St. 
 Francis. 
 
 Remon, Grand. Third township. River St. Lawrence. Lies between- 
 the Isle Trois Chenaux Ecartes and the main land, about 44 degrees, 50 minutes,, 
 north latitude. (The channel opposite lots 25, 26, 27, Osnabruck). 
 
 Sault, Long. Third township. River St. Lawrence. Is the greatest 
 rapid on the river. The current runs with great velocity. Very few accidents- 
 have happened in passing this rift, there being no sudden fall in it except at the 
 foot of the Sault. 
 
 Savatte, Isle a la, a very small island in the River St.. Lawrence, a 
 little below Isle de Chenal Ecarte. 
 
 St. Regis, Grand Isle, in front of the Township of Cornwall, contains Soc 
 to 1,000 acres. The soil is good, and the Indians have corn fields there. (Now 
 called Cornwall Island). 
 
 St. Regis, Petite Isle, in front of the St. Regis Indian Land. The soil is 
 good and the Indians have corn fields there, the same as on Grand Isle St Regis, 
 which is near it. 
 
 Sutherland's Creek runs into Lake St. Francis between Pointe au Bodet. 
 and Pointe Mouillee, in the Township of Lancaster. 
 
 Traverse, Pointe a la, on the north shore of the River St. Lawrence,, 
 parallel with Isle Morpion, and about three miles above Pointe du Lac, St.. ■ 
 Francis. 
 
 Traverse, Reaiere a la, runs into the St. Lawrence a little above Pointe 
 au Chene, among the St. Regis islands. (In McNiff's map "Gray's Creek" is 
 called Riviere a la Traverse. Pointe a la Traverse is probably the point east of 
 Gray's Creek.)* 
 
 Trois Chenaux Ecarte, Isle db, on the River St. Lawrence opposite the 
 Township of Osnabruck. Contains from 600 to 700 acres of land. (Extends from 
 lot 15 to lot 29, Osnabruck.) 
 
 In 174s, Bellin, a French engineer, published in Paris a 
 map of the "Partie Orientale de la Nouvelle France au Canada," 
 in which are given the following names of places along the 
 River St. Lawrence, from Montreal westward : 
 
 Rapide du Casteau. 
 Lac St. Francis. 
 
 • Is Pelo Island the same as Isle Morpion ? 
 
Old Eastern District, 45 
 
 Isle Aux Testes, (below the Long Sault. ) 
 
 Long Sault. 
 
 Rapide Aux Citrons. 
 
 Rapide Piatt. 
 
 Le Galot, La Gallette. 
 
 Riviere Chanagatchie, (on the south side of the St. Lawrence.) 
 
 Riviere Onagason, (about the place where Brockville now stands.) 
 
 Baye de Cataracoia. 
 
 Fort Frontenac. 
 
 In 1755, Bellin published a map of the " Partie Occiden- 
 tale de la Nouvelle France au Canada," in which the following 
 names appear along the course of the River St. Lawrence and 
 the lakes : 
 
 Pointe Maligne, (near the site of the Town of Cornwall. ) 
 
 La Moulinet, (the rapid at Moulinette.) 
 
 Long Sault. 
 
 Isle au Chat, (opposite the western part of Osnabruck.) 
 
 Rapide Plat. 
 
 La Galette. 
 
 Tonato, (near the site of Brockville. ) 
 
 Les Milles Isles. 
 
 Fort de Cataraqui. 
 
 Lac St. Jean, (now Bay of Quinte.) 
 
 Lac Quentes is the name given to a small lake on the River Moira. 
 
 A fort on the east side of the mouth of the River Niagara. 
 
 Village de Hurons, (opposite Detroit.) 
 
 Lac Toronto, (now Lake Simcoe. ) 
 
 Ville de Mississaques, (north of Lake St. Claire). 
 
 These maps show the antiquity of some of the names still 
 in use. 
 
 • These two maps belonged to the late Dr. R'k McDonald. His son ^neas 
 gave them to Dr. J. Harrison, who lent them to the author, and subsequently sent 
 them, with Mr. McDonald's consent, to D. Brymner, Esq., Dominion Archivist. 
 
46 Lunenburgh, or the 
 
 CHAPTER VIII. 
 
 Until the passing of the Imperial Statute, 31st Geo. Ill, 
 Chapter 31, in 1791, the Province of Quebec comprised the 
 whole of Canada. It was divided into the Districts of Quebec 
 and Montreal. The latter included the whole of the territory 
 now called Ontario, which remained under the jurisdiction of 
 the District of Montreal until the issuing of the proclamation 
 of Lord Dorchester on the 24th July, 1788, whereby four new 
 districts were formed, the easternmost of which, called Lunen- 
 burgh,* extended from the eastern limit of Lancaster to the 
 mouth of the River Gananoque, and southerly and northerly 
 to the limits of the Province. It comprehended the Townships 
 of Lancaster, Charlottenburg, Cornwall, Osnabruck, Williams- 
 burg, Matilda, Edwardsburg, Augusta and Elizabethtown, each 
 of which extended northward to the Ottawa River. 
 
 It is not known when the townships, which were desig- 
 nated by numbers in McNiff's map, dated 1st Nov., 1786, got 
 their names. The change must have been made before the 
 20th June, 1788, as a commission dated on that day was issued 
 by Lord Dorchester, appointing Jacob Fari:and captain in the 
 Battalion of Militia of Williamsburg and Matilda.-f- 
 
 Previous to the formation of the four new districts, and 
 while this part of the country formed a part of the District of 
 Montreal, magistrates had been appointed. The commission 
 under which they acted cannot now be found nor its date 
 
 * The name is given as " Luneburgh" in the copy of the proclamation, page 
 23 of the " Statutes of Upper Canada, British Statutes, Ordinances of Quebec, and 
 Proclamations," published at Kingston by H. C. Thompson and James Macfarlane 
 in 1831. In the Statute 32 Geo. Ill, Chap. 8, Sec. 2, page 83 of the same work, 
 the name is given as ' ' Lunenburgh. " This is the way in which the old inhabitants 
 always pronounced the name, and I am satisfied that "Luneburgh" is a misprint. 
 
 t These commissions are in the author's possession. 
 
Old Eastern District. 47 
 
 ascertained, but it must have been issued before the 29th July, 
 1786, as there is a commission dated on that day from the 
 Court of Prerogatives of the District of Montreal " to Samuel 
 Anderson, of New Johnstown, one of His Majesty's Justices of 
 the Peace in and for the said District," authorizing him to 
 administer oaths to parties in a certain matter before the 
 Court* The gentlemen who had held commissions in the 
 disbanded battalions were generally appointed magistrates. 
 There are no records here of their having held any Courts of 
 General Sessions of the Peace before the issuing of Lord 
 Dorchester's proclamation, but there are traditions of Magis- 
 trates' Courts being held, and of justice, rough and ready, 
 somewhat in the drumhead court-martial style, being dealt 
 out to offenders ; of a culprit's feet being fastened between 
 two rails of the justice's fence, in default of the legitimate 
 engine of punishment, " the stocks ;" or of a party convicted 
 and sentenced to hard labour, working out his punishment by 
 hoeing the convicting magistrate's corn or potatoes. 
 
 The first Court in the District of Lunenburgh of which 
 any record exists was the General Quarter Sessions of the 
 Peace held at Osnabruck on the 15th day of June, I789.-I" It 
 is not stated in what part of Osnabruck the Court met ; the 
 place must have been in the front, probably near what is now 
 known as Dickinson's Landing. The records of the Courts of 
 General Sessions for the District of Lunenburgh — afterwards 
 the Eastern District, and now the United Counties of Stor- 
 mont, Dundas and Glengarry — have been very carefully kept; 
 the books containing the minutes of the proceedings from the 
 
 * Some commissions of the peace were issued by General Haldimand in 1784 — 
 two to Vanalstine and Sherwood, as mentioned in Brymner's Report, 1886, p. 
 ,445 ; H. C, B. 64, p. 181. 
 
 t On the 14th of August, 1793, Chief Justice Osgoode presided at the Court 
 of Oyer and Terminer at New Johnstown, in the Eastern District. Among the 
 <Jrand Jurors were Edward Jessup, John Dulmage, David Brackenridge, Paul 
 Heck, Asel Landon, James Brackenridge and Paul Jones. He also presided at 
 the Court of Oyer and Terminer held at Cornwall in July, 1794.— [Read's Lives of 
 he Judges. 
 
48 Lunenburgh, or the 
 
 15th of June, 1789, until the present time, are in the office of 
 the Clerk of the Peace at Cornwall. They contain the names- 
 of Magistrates, Officers of the Court, Jurors, and parties to- 
 cases tried, and not a little information of the olden time that 
 may be of interest to the present generation. 
 
 The Imperial Statute dividing the Province of Quebec into- 
 the two Provinces of Upper and Lower Canada, came into- 
 force on the 31st day of December, 1791. John Graves Simcoe,, 
 the Lieutenant-Governor of Upper Canada, issued a proclama- 
 tion dated the i6th day of June, 1792, dividing the Province 
 into Counties, the easternmost of which are Glengarry, Stor- 
 mont and Dundas. On the 15th of October, 1792, the Parlia- 
 ment of Upper Canada passed an Act changing the names of 
 the districts. Under this Act the District of Lunenburgh 
 became the Eastern District. 
 
 The magistrates who had been appointed before the Pro- 
 vince of Upper Canada was formed, continued to act and to- 
 hold the Courts of General Quarter Sessions, until Lieutenant- 
 Governor Simcoe issued a new commission of the peace for 
 the Eastern District. This commission, which is now among' 
 the records in the office of the Clerk of the Peace at Cornwall, 
 is dated at the Government House, Navy Hall,* on the loth 
 day of June, 1793. The old magistrates were re-appointed,, 
 and some new ones were added to the original number. The 
 names of those in the commission of 1793 are: The Honorable 
 William Osgoode, Chief Justice ; William Dummer Powell, 
 Esquire; the Honorable Alexander Grant ; 'the Honorable 
 Peter Russell ; the Honorable James Baby ; Richard Duncan, 
 John McDonell, John Munro, James Gray, Edward Jessup, 
 Walter Sutherland, William Falkner, Richard Wilkinson, 
 William Byrnes, Thomas Swan, Jeremiah French, Archibald 
 McDonell, Allen McDonell, William Eraser, Peter Drummond, 
 Justus Sherwood, Ephraim Jones, William Buel, Thomas Sher- 
 wood, ,Ai.exander McMillan, Alexander McDonell, Samuel 
 Anderson, Joseph Anderson, James Stuart, Allan Paterson, 
 
 * At Niagara, then the seat of Government. 
 
Old Eastern District. 49 
 
 Malcolm McMartin, Samuel Wright, James Brackenridge, 
 Alexander Campbell, of Augusta ; Neil McLean, Miles Mc- 
 JDonell, Vermiel Lorimier, Hugh McDonell, Alexander Camp- 
 bell, of Johnstown ; Thomas Eraser, Andrew Wilson and Neil 
 E-obertson, Esquires,. who are directed "to enquire the truth 
 most fully, by the oath of good and lawful men of the afore- 
 said district, of all and all manner of felonies, poisonings, 
 inchantments, sorceries, arts magick, trespasses, forestallings, 
 regratings, ingrossings, and extortions whatsoever, and of all 
 and singular other crimes and offences of which the Justices 
 of the Peace may or ought lawfully to enquire." 
 
 This quotation is a very small part of the commission, 
 which contains over sixteen hundred words. On the first day 
 -of each Court of General Quarter Sessions, the whole of the 
 ■commission was read by the Clerk of the Peace on the open- 
 ing of the Court, and before the swearing of the Grand Jury. 
 This tedious and unnecessary practice was continued for many 
 years. 
 
 The Act passed in the first session of the Provincial 
 Legislature altering the names of the district, also directed 
 that a gaol and court-house should be built in each district, 
 and that those for the Eastern District should be erected at 
 Johnstown, in the Township of Edwardsburg. In the next 
 :session of Parliament, in July, 1793, an Act (33 Geo. IH, 
 Chap. 6) was passed, by which it was directed that the Courts 
 of General Quarter Sessions of the Peace for the Eastern 
 District should be held at the Town of New Johnstown in the 
 months of October and April, and in the Town of Cornwall in 
 the months of January and July, in each year. In the follow- 
 ing session an Act (34 Geo. Ill, Chap. 10) was passed direct- 
 ing that a court-house and gaol should be built at Cornwall as 
 well as at New Johnstown. In 1798, by the Statute 38 Geo. 
 Ill, Chap. S, the Johnstown District was formed, and the * 
 Eastern District was limited to the Counties of Stormont, 
 Dundas and Glengarry on the St. Lawrence, and Prescott and 
 Russell on the Ottawa. The last two counties were formed 
 
50 Lunenburgh, or the 
 
 into a district, called the Ottawa District, in 1816. From that 
 time no change has been made in the boundaries and dimen- 
 sions of the Eastern District, or as it is now designated, the 
 United Counties of Stormont, Dundas and Glengarry. 
 
 The Courts of General Quarter Sessions of the Peace 
 had, besides the jurisdiction over criminal matters, many of 
 the powers now given to the municipal corporations of coun- 
 ties, townships, towns and villages. The court had the control 
 of the district property, roads and bridges, assessment of pro- 
 perty, and the collection and expenditure of the local taxes. 
 The records of the courts therefore show not only the proceed- 
 ings in criminal cases — some of which, as recorded in the older 
 books, are somewhat startling — but also orders as to roads- 
 and bridges, the erection of county buildings, the management 
 of county property, the establishment of ferries, etc., etc., that 
 give some information as to the progress of the country. 
 
 The books have been carefully examined, and the follow- 
 ing extracts from them are given, with the hope that they will 
 be of no little interest to the readers of this work. 
 
Old Eastern District. 
 
 SI 
 
 CHAPTER IX. 
 
 The oldest book of the records of the Court of General 
 Quarter Sessions of the Peace for the District of Lunenburgh 
 shows that the first session of that court began at Osnabruck 
 on the 15th day of June, 1789. The magistrates present were: 
 
 John McDonell, 
 
 Richard Duncan, 
 
 James Gray, 
 
 Thomas Swan, 
 
 Jeremiah French, 
 
 It is not stated who the Chairman was. 
 Jurors empanelled were : 
 
 1 Alexander Campbell, (Foreman 
 
 2 Peter Drummond, 
 
 3 Thomas Fraser, 
 
 4 John McKenzie, 
 
 5 George Stuart, 
 
 6 John Seymour, 
 
 7 Malcolm McMartin, 
 
 8 Neil McLean, 
 
 9 Martin Walter, 
 
 10 John Pescod, 
 
 1 1 Ranald McDonell, Jr. , 
 
 12 Ranald McDonell, Sr., 
 
 Justus Sherwood, 
 Ephriam Jones, 
 William Falkner, 
 William Fraser, 
 Archibald McDonell. 
 
 The Grand 
 
 13 Gideon Adams, 
 
 14 John Dulmage, 
 
 15 James Campbell, 
 
 16 Alex'r Campbell, 
 
 17 David Brackenridge, 
 
 18 Ephriam Curry, 
 
 19 John Jones, 
 
 20 Elijah Bottom, 
 
 21 William Snyder, 
 
 22 Daniel Campbell, 
 
 23 Matthew Howard, 
 
 24 Thomas Robertson. 
 
 The first bill of indictment sent before the Grand Jury- 
 was on a charge of assault and battery : 
 
 The King, on the prosecution of 
 
 Augustus Wolf vs. Joiachim Denault, 
 
 on which' the Grand Jury returned " no bill." 
 
 The first case was tried on Tuesday the i6th day of June, 
 1789. The following is an exact copy of the entry of the pro- 
 ceedings : 
 
 The King, on Pros. , 
 
 Alexander McKay, ] 
 
 vs. >• In Assault and Battery. 
 
 Ranald McDonell, J 
 Sent up the bill of indictment to the Grand Jury. The Grand Jury return a 
 
$2 Lunmbmgh, or the 
 
 true bill. The defendant, being arraigned, pleads not guilty. It is ordered, on 
 motion for the prosecution, that the trial come on immediately, by consent of the 
 defendant. The jury empanelled and sworn to try the issue of this traverse were : 
 
 1 William Phillips, 7 Joseph Loucks, 
 
 2 Jacob VanAUen, 8 Anthony Wallaser, 
 
 3 Jacob Weegar, 9 John Wart, 
 
 4 Michael Hains, 10 Jacob Merkle, 
 
 5 David Jaycocks, 11 Adam Empey, 
 
 6 John Coons, 12 Nicholas Ault. 
 
 Witness for the prosecution, Angus McKay. The jury having heard the 
 evidence, retired to consider their verdict, in charge of Duncan McArthur, bailiff. 
 The jury having returned into court, say, by William Phillips, their foreman, that 
 the defendant is guilty, as laid in the indictment. The court having considered 
 the verdict of the jury, it is ordered that the defendant do pay a fine of one shilling, 
 and that he stand committed till paid. 
 
 There were two other trials at this sitting — one on a 
 charge of assault and battery, and one " for seditious behaviour 
 and against the peace." In each of these cases the same jury- 
 that tried the first case was empanelled and sworn. The 
 ■defendants were found guilty. The one convicted of assault 
 and battery was fined twenty shillings. In the case of the 
 one convicted of seditious behavior, the court " considered 
 that the defendant is not a British subject of the Province, as 
 -not having taken the oath of allegiance to His Majesty, and 
 do order him to depart from the Province, and that he do 
 remain in custody of a constable until he can be conveyed 
 from the same." 
 
 On the 17th June, 1789, it was ordered that any person 
 Tvho should thereafter be found guilty, before any magistrate, 
 ■of breaking the Sabbath, should be fined according to law. 
 
 The following persons were appointed constables for the 
 several townships : 
 
 Lancaster — Richard Fountain, Benjamin Baker. 
 
 ■Charlottenburg— Finnan McDonell, Charles Ross, Duncan McArthur. 
 
 ■Cornwall — David Wright, David Scheik. 
 
 Osnabruck — John Bradshaw, Joseph Loucks. 
 
 Williamsburg— Michael Merkle, Jacob Anderson. 
 
 Matilda — George Brouse, Philip Shaver. 
 
 Edwardsburg — Frederick Lucas, Henry Jackson. 
 
 Augusta— Oliver Sweet, Samuel Weatherhead. 
 
 Elizabethtown— David Killmore, Jonathan Mills Church. 
 
Old Eastern District. 53 
 
 The sittings of the court were held in January, March, 
 June and September, and the place of meeting was at Osna- 
 bruck until the 9th of April, 1792. The names of magistrates, 
 jurors, officers of the court, and parties to suits, are very- 
 familiar — McDonell, McGregor, McArthur, McMartin, Snyder, 
 Cameron, Campbell, Hains, Merkle, Koons, Empey, Service, 
 Shaver, Link, Crysler, Wright, Anderson, Stoneburner, Ault, 
 Bouck, Wart, Cadman, Dorin, VanCamp, Garlough, Brouse, 
 Vanduzen, Frymire, Marcelles, Vankoughnet, Crowder, Baker, 
 Runyon, Milbross, Marsh, Gallinger, Parlow, Waggoner, Ros- 
 siter. 
 
 At the sittings of the court held on the i6th of Septem- 
 ber, 1789, an order was made that six Justices of the Peace, of 
 whom two should be of the quorum, should attend at every 
 succeeding Quarter Sessions of the Peace to be held in and 
 for the district. On the same day a prisoner convicted of 
 petit larceny was sentenced to stand in the pillory one hour. 
 
 At the sittings in March and June, 1790, the rule that six 
 justices should attend at every court was disobeyed. Four at- 
 tended on the 1 6th of March, and only two on the 8th of June — 
 James Gray and Jeremiah 'French. On the following day a man 
 was brought before the court, charged with seditious expres- 
 sions and riotous behaviour. No indictment was found, nor was 
 a jury sworn. The accused appears to have been examined by 
 the magistrates ; it was clearly shown that he had been dis- 
 orderly and abusive ; the evidence of seditious language was 
 that he said " he was a rebel, and would stand by that." Their 
 worships found that his conduct was disloyal and improper, 
 and ordered "that he be immediately sent out of this district 
 by conveying him from one Captain of Militia to another 
 until he be out of the district.'' 
 
 At the sittings on the 14th of September, 1790, a man 
 and his wife were convicted of petit larceny. The man was 
 sentenced to be tied to a post and to receive thirty-nine lashes 
 on the naked back. The magistrates, after passing this sen- 
 tence on the man, " pai'doned " the woman. 
 
54 Limenburgh, or the 
 
 At the sitting on the nth of January, 1791, a prisoner 
 convicted of larceny was sentenced to stand in the pillory one 
 hour. James Walker appeared as attorney for a prisoner. 
 
 At the next court, held in April, 1791, a man was fined 
 ;£'io.o.o for selling spirituous liquors without a license, and 
 several jurymen were fined ten shillings each for not appearing 
 when duly summoned. 
 
 On the 9th of April, 1792, the court was held for the first 
 time at Cornwall. The sittings up to that time had been at 
 Osnabruck. 
 
 On the 8th of October, in the following year, the sittings 
 of the court were held at Edwardsburg. The following magis- 
 trates attended and took the oath of office, under the commis- 
 sion issued on the loth of June, 1793 : 
 
 1 Justus Sherwood, 12 Neil McLean, 
 
 2 Archibald McDonell, 13 Samuel Anderson, 
 
 3 Thomas Swan, 14 Thomas Sherwood, 
 
 4 William Byrnes, 15 Allan Paterson, 
 
 'v 5 Alexander McDonell, 16 Richard Wilkinson, 
 
 6 Alexander McMillan, 17 Allen McDonell, 
 
 7 Miles McDonell, .18 Vernier Lonmier, 
 
 8 William Fraser, 19 Thomas Fraser, 
 g Joseph Anderson, 20 William Buel, 
 
 10 Andrew Wilson,. 21 James Breakenridge. 
 
 1 1 Alexander Campbell, 
 
 On the loth of October, a man was tried for seditious 
 words. The jury having brought in a verdict of " not guilty," 
 were sent back to reconsider. They again came in with a 
 verdict of " not guilty," when the court required the acquitted 
 man to take the oaths required by law and to give security for 
 his good behaviour, or leave the country immediately. 
 
 On the nth of October it was ordered that the limits of 
 the different counties in the Eastern District, as described in 
 His Excellency Lieutenant-Governor Simcoe's proclamation, 
 should be the limits of the jurisdiction of the respective 
 justices of the Courts of Requests. This was the first 
 organization of the courts for the collection of small debts 
 
Old Eastern District. 55-. 
 
 which were established by the Statute 32 Geo. Ill, Chapter 
 6, passed on the 15th of October, 1792. 
 
 After the sittings in October, 1793, the Court of General 
 Quarter Sessions was held alternately at Cornwall and New 
 Johnstown. Jurors for the Western Division were not to be 
 summoned east of the eastern limit of Edwardsburg, and those, 
 for the Eastern not west of the western limit of Matilda. 
 
 An order was made at the sittings in October, 1793, "that 
 every person owning cattle within the district shall have a 
 particular mark wherewith he shall mark his hogs, sheep and 
 horned cattle, which marks shall be recorded in the office of 
 the township clerk." A list of fees was established for record- 
 ing marks, marriages, births and deaths ; one shilling each for 
 marks and marriages, and sixpence each for births and deaths.. 
 Poundkeeper's fees were established, viz : 
 
 £ s. d. 
 
 For receiving each horse into pound o i o 
 
 Discharging the same o o 6 
 
 For receiving horned cattle, per head o o 6 
 
 For discharging the same o o 3 
 
 For receiving hogs, per head o i o 
 
 For discharging the same o o 3 
 
 For each sheep received o o 3 
 
 For discharging the same o o i]A 
 
 Feeding each horse and giving proper drink each 24 hours 
 
 after the first 24 hours o o 6 
 
 For every head of horned cattle so kept after the first 24 
 
 hours o o 4 
 
 For every hog so kept after the first 24 hours o o 3 
 
 For every sheep " " " " 002 
 
 At the same sittings it was decided that a gaol and court- 
 house for the Eastern District be built on a point in the Town 
 of New Johnstown, in front of lots lo, 1 1 and 12, and that the 
 dimensions thereof be 30 feet long by 24 feet wide in the clear, 
 two storys, the lower to be built with square oak or pine logs, 
 12 inches thick, and to be eight feet between the floors, the 
 upper story to be built with a frame of the like timber, nine 
 feet between the floors, with a chimney at one end of the 
 house, with one fire-place below and one above. The lower 
 
56 Lunenburgh, or the 
 
 floor to be divided into three rooms, to wit : one for the gaoler 
 and two for the criminals, with double walls and partitions 
 round the criminals' room, the upper part to be divided into 
 two small rooms and one large room for the convenience of 
 the Court and Petit Jury. The floors to be of hewn oak or 
 pine timber, 12 inches thick, under and over the criminals' 
 rooms. 
 
 William Fraser, of Johnstown, merchant, was appointed 
 Treasurer for the Eastern District. 
 
 On Tuesday, the 14th January, 1794, the court met at 
 Cornwall. 
 
 The order made at the October sittings, for the build- 
 ing of a gaol and court-house, was rescinded on the i6th 
 of January, upon the recommendation of William Fraser 
 and Joseph Anderson, Esquires, deputed by the magistrates 
 of the upper and lower parts of the district ; and a new 
 order was made that the money that might be raised 
 by the present tax for building a court-house and gaol, 
 be equally divided for the purpose of building two court- 
 houses and gaols in the district, one at New Johnstown and 
 one at Cornwall. 
 
 In April, 1794, Alexander McLean, of Elizabethtown, 
 was appointed Sealer of Weights and Measures, and in July, 
 1794, Alexander Grant, of Charlottenburg, Alex. Millross, of 
 Stormont, and John Duncan, of Dundas, were appointed 
 Sealers of Weights and Measures for their respective counties. 
 
 On the i6th of October, 1794, the Clerk of the Peace was 
 directed to furnish the Sheriff with an estreat of fines, which 
 the Sheriff is ordered to collect, in order to make a fund for 
 paying the necessary expenses for keeping prisoners, for want 
 of a gaol. 
 
 At the court, in July, 1795, Robert Gray appeared 
 as attorney for John Loucks ; at the same court, Neil Mc- 
 Lean, of Stormont, was appointed Treasurer in the place of 
 William Fraser, resigned. 
 
 Richard Wilkinson, Samuel Anderson and Andrew Wil- 
 
Old Eastern Districts 57- 
 
 son, were appointed a committee to enter into contracts for 
 the building of a gaol and court-house in the Town of Corn- 
 wall ; and Jeremiah French agreed to deliver all the large oak 
 timber required for the building at two pence half-penny the- 
 square foot, none of the timber to be less than 1 2 inches thick„ 
 
 At the October Sessions, in 1795, the salary of the gaoler 
 at New Johnstown was fixed at ;!^25 a year. 
 
 Sose Tegahowage, a St. Regis Indian, being under arrest 
 on a charge of Striking William Fraser with an axe, the fol- 
 lowing chiefs gave bail for his appearance : 
 
 Olibert X Torega, Tiona X Toyone, 
 
 Itoien X Nogen, Ouwa X Niente, 
 
 Tsite X Wo-man, Tega X Nia-to-roque. 
 
 14th January, 1795, it was ordered that whereas the hold- 
 ing of the Court of General Quarter Sessions of the Peace and', 
 the District Court, one in the fore part and the other in the 
 latter part of the same day, was inconvenient ; "the two shall be 
 held at the same time, and that as the Clerk of the Peace 
 holds office in each court, he be allowed to act in the Sessions- 
 by deputy." 
 
 William Kay was paid £\.i^ for preparing the church *" 
 in Cornwall for the purpose of holding the Court of King's 
 Bench and Oyer and Terminer. 
 
 14th January, 1796, Jacob Farrand having been appointed 
 Registrar for the Counties of Glengarry and Stormont, entered 
 into recognizance, with Richard Wilkinson, of Glengarry, and 
 Samuel Anderson, Robert Gray and Captain John McDonell, 
 of Stormont, sureties for the due performance of the duties of 
 the office. 
 
 On the 14th of April, 1796, the Treasurer's accounts were 
 audited by the court. The amount of taxes received from ten 
 townships, viz., Lancaster, Charlottenburg, Cornwall^ Osna- 
 bruck, Williamsburg, Matilda, Edwardsburg, Augusta, Eliza- 
 bethtown and Yonge, was £if%6.\'j.6, all of which was paid 
 
 * The old Presbyterian Church. 
 
'58 Lunenburgh, or the 
 
 ■out, ;£'2 5.0.0 of the payments being for the killing of wolves 
 and bears. 
 
 Alexander Campbell having been appointed Registrar for 
 Dundas and Grenville, entered into recognizance, with Captain 
 Simeon Coville, Captain Thomas Sherwood, Captain James 
 Campbell and Captain Matthew Howard, sureties for the due 
 performance of the duties of the office. 
 
 In July, 1796, a miller was fined ^^lo.o.o (half to the King 
 and half to the complainant) together with costs, for taking 
 unlawful toll for grinding wheat. 
 
 In January, 1797, 370 bushels of lime for building the 
 gaol and court-house were bought from Peter Eamer at 7^d. 
 a bushel. 
 
 In April, 1798, Samuel Anderson, Judge of the District 
 Court, was appointed Chairman of the Quarter Sessions for 
 one year. 
 
 At the court in July, 1799, a ferry was established between 
 Cornwall and St. Regis, under the management of David Mc- 
 Cuen, who was to keep a sufficient boat, or batteau, and two 
 good canoes. The charges were fixed as follows : 
 
 £ s. d. 
 
 A single person from Cornwall to St. Regis o 2 6 
 
 From Cornwall to the Priest's farm, on the east side of the 
 
 mouth of the Black or St. Regis River o 3 o 
 
 Two persons to St. Regis o 3 o 
 
 " " Priest's farm o 3 6 
 
 For each person above two to St. Regis o I o 
 
 " " " " Priest's farm 013 
 
 Single person and horse or cow to St. Regis o 5 o 
 
 " " " " Priest's farm 060 
 
 One or two persons, horses, cows or oxen o 7 6 
 
 (And 4d. for each cwt. of goods exceeding two. ) 
 
 If a full load or half a load of boat o 12 6 
 
 " " " " canoe 050 
 
 At the same court, John Link and Timothy Johnson got 
 an order for ^^200.0.0 for work on their contract on the gaol 
 .and court-house. 
 
 On the 23rd of April, 1800, a woman convicted of petit 
 
Old Eastern District. 59 
 
 larceny was sentenced to be tied to a post and whipped with 
 small cords " until your body be bloody." 
 
 The District accounts for 1796, 1797 and 1798, showed 
 that the receipts were .^537.7.5, the disbursements .£'Si3.9.8>^, 
 leaving a balance oi £2^.12. S}^ on hand. As accounts against 
 the district were not promptly paid, the magistrates allowed 
 interest on them at the rate of 6 per cent. 
 
 By the Statute 38 Geo. Ill, Chap. 5, passed on the Sth of 
 July, 1798, the Counties of Leeds and Grenville wei-e formed 
 into a new district, called the Johnstown District. This statute 
 •came into force on the ist of January, i8oo. From that date 
 the Eastern District comprised the Counties of Stormont, 
 Dundas, Glengarry, Prescott and Russell, until the 22nd of 
 March, 1816, when the Statute 56 Geo. Ill, Chap. 2, formed 
 the last two counties into the Ottawa District. 
 
 On the 30th of April, 1801, Jacob Farrand was sworn in 
 as Registrar for the County of Dundas. jf i.o.o was paid to 
 the Presbyterian congregation for damage don'e to the church 
 by the Court of General Quarter Sessions. 
 
 In July, 1802, orders were made for the opening of roads. 
 
 In 1803, Thomas Darcy had a ferry across the Grand or 
 Ottawa River at Hawkesbury. 
 
 The gaol and court-house were put up and partially 
 finished about 1802 or 1803, but the accommodation could 
 not have been good, as the court in January, 1804, was held 
 in a tavern. At this court an order was made for the payment 
 of ;^4.o.o to the Presbyterian congregation for damage done 
 to their meeting house during the holding of a court there. 
 
 In October, 1805, an order was made for opening the road 
 between Sir John Johnson's Mills (Williamstown) and Lower 
 Canada. 
 
 In January, 1806, a ferry was granted to Richard McBean 
 from his house to St. Regis. (This house was on the west 
 Jhalf of lot number 2, in the ist concession of Cornwall. It 
 stood until i860.) 
 
 In April, 1806, it was ordered that the Penoyer Road be 
 
6o Lunenburgk, or the 
 
 opened, to commence at the front road at John Millross' * and 
 extend to the Province Hne. 
 
 Friday, 27th January, 1807, the court met and adjourned 
 to a tavern, the landlord of which received £2.0.0 for the use 
 of his house. The gaol could not have been in good order at 
 this time, as the brother of a man imprisoned on a charge of 
 murder got leave to remove the prisoner to a " place of safety," 
 a bond being given for the safe keeping of the accused. The 
 Sheriff represented to the court that the gaol was insufficient 
 and £\ii0.o.o were granted to finish the building. 
 
 On the 26th of January, 1808, the Treasurer was directed 
 to insure the court-house for ii'700.0.0, and on the 3 1 st of May 
 ;£'6o.o.O were granted to finish the court-house and jury rooms.. 
 
 In the autumn of 1808, the road from Cornwall to the 
 River Aux Raisins was surveyed by J. McCarthy. 
 
 On the 26th of April, 1809, it was ordered that the road 
 between lots 12 and-i3,-f- in the 1st concession, be continued 
 to the 5th concession. Barnhart's Island^ and Sheek's Island 
 were formed into a division for statute labour ; George Barn- 
 hart, junior, was appointed pathmaster. The Nine Mile Road 
 between lots 6 and 7 was ordered to be opened from the St. 
 Lawrence to the River Aux Raisins between lots 9 and 10, § 
 and ;£^30.0.o were granted for the purpose to Joseph Anderson 
 and Miles McDonell, Commissioners. 
 
 * Quere ? — Lot 29 in the ist of Cornwall ? Andrew Millross' name is on that 
 lot in McNiff's map. 
 
 + The Nine Mile Road, west of the town. 
 
 X Barnhart's Island beloi^ged to Canada at this time and up to 1818 or i8l9> 
 
 § This is the present road to St. Andrews. 
 
Old Eastern District. 6i 
 
 CHAPTER X. 
 
 In January, i8io,.a ferry was established at Chute au 
 Blondeau, and from Point Fortune to Argenteuil, on the 
 Ottawa River. 
 
 The gaoler was allowed lod. a day to furnish provisions 
 to each of the two destitute persons in gaol. 
 
 An order .was made "on the nth of October, 1810, for 
 money for a bridge over the creek between Col. French's and 
 Albert French's land.* 
 
 In January, 181 1, ;£'20.o.o were granted to bridge Hoople's 
 Creek. In April of the same year, ^^'60.0.0 were granted to 
 Samuel Anderson, J. Y. Cozens and Neil McLean, commis- 
 sioners for the road from Cornwall to the River Aux Raisins, 
 and in May a further sum of ;£'5o.o.o was given for the same 
 road. 
 
 In April, 1812, ;^20.0.0were granted to build St. Andrew's 
 bridge, on lot No. 9, north and south of Water street, and 
 .£'10.0.0 to pay the contractor for completing the causeway on 
 the road from Cornwall to the River Aux Raisins. 
 
 In January, 181 3, the court-house was occupied by the 
 flank companies, under the command of Lieut.-Colonel Neil 
 McLean, and the court was held in the Presbyterian meeting 
 house. 
 
 During the continuance of the war in 1812-13-14, the 
 court-house was used for barracks, and the courts were held 
 either in the Presbyterian Church or at a tavern. There was 
 not much law business during either of these years ; in 181 3 
 there were only three trials in the Court of Quarter Sessions. 
 In 1 814, the Sheriff protested against receiving prisoners 
 in the gaol, the greater part of it being used as barracks. 
 
 * The bridge near Maple Grove. F 
 
62 Lunenburgh, or the 
 
 In January of that year, the Sessions reported in favor of 
 a road across lots i8, 19 and the east part of 20, in the first 
 concession of Cornwall ; and on the 21st of June, of the same 
 year, they granted ^20.0.0 to rebuild the bridge on the front 
 road west of Major Anderson's house, on lot 18, in the first 
 concession of the same township. This was to replace the 
 bridge burned by the American troops in November, 1813. 
 
 In 181 5, the court was held in a tavern, in January and 
 April. The 70th Regiment was then in Cornwall, and pro- 
 bably used the court-house and gaol as barracks. 
 
 In 1816, £\g.6.g were allowed to Neil McLean, Sheriff, to 
 reimburse him for losses sustained by him on account of the 
 insufficiency of the gaol. It was also ordered that he be al- 
 lowed ;£'i5o.o.o for that year, and ;£'73.io.o a year for four 
 following years. 
 
 On the 26th of April, 18 16, £2.0.0.0 were granted for 
 streets in Cornwall. 
 
 At the same court it was ordered that the Court of Re- 
 quests be held in the Town of Cornwall on the first Saturday 
 of each month ; at or near the mill of Alex. Ross, in the Town- 
 ship of Lancaster, on the third Saturday of each month ; at 
 the Town of Williamstown, in the Township of Charlotten- 
 burg, on the first Saturday of each month ; at the house of 
 Adam Baker, in the Township of Osnabruck, on the third 
 Saturday of each month ; and at or near the commons be- 
 tween the Townships of Williamsburg and Matilda, on the 
 first and third Saturdays of each month. 
 
 On the 27th of November, 1818, the Act 59 Geo. Ill, 
 Chap. 4, was passed, authorizing the establishment of a market 
 in the Town of Cornwall. On the 8th of February, 18 19, the 
 matter was brought before the Court of Quarter Sessions, and 
 was postponed until the first Monday in March. Nothing 
 fui'ther appears to have been done until the 14th of July, 1819, 
 when i!^5o.o.o were granted to Archibald McLean and Guy C. 
 Wood, to build a market house in the town. 
 
 At the court in October of the same year, the Revd. John 
 
Old Eastern District. 63 
 
 McKenzie, Presbyterian minister, of Williamstown, was duly- 
 authorized to solemnize matrimony. 
 
 In January, 1820, the Clerk of the Peace was allowed 
 ,i^40.o.o a year for stationery and office rent. 
 
 On the 8th of May, 1820, the market house having been 
 •erected on the market square (lots 10 and 1 1, north side Water 
 street), the magistrates adopted the following resolutions : 
 
 Resolved, That from and after the loth day of July next, all articles of the 
 following description, viz : butcher's meat, butter, eggs, fowls, bacon, cheese, 
 sugar, tallow, vegetables, all kinds of grain and hay, brought into the Town of 
 Cornwall for sale, shall be exposed at the market house now erected on the market 
 ■square in the said town, and not elsewhere therein ; and that all persons who may 
 be convicted of infringing this resolution shall pay a fine of fifteen shillings, agree- 
 .ably to the Act of the Legislature. 
 
 Resolved, That Tuesdays and Saturdays be the market days in the said 
 Town of Cornwall ; that any person who shall have remained three hours in the 
 market house without having disposed of the article or articles brought for sale by 
 him or her, shall be at liberty to dispose of the same in any part of the town where 
 .a purchaser may be found. 
 
 Resolved, That a fine at the discretion of the magistrate, not exceeding 20s. 
 nor less than ids., be imposed upon any person who may be convicted of purchas- 
 ing any article or articles herein directed to be sold at the market house, at any 
 other place than on the market square, except in cases where the same may have 
 heen exposed the regular period in the market house. 
 
 It is said that the market house was used for the purpose 
 for which it was built, once only. The building stood for 
 about forty years. 
 
 On the 24th of January, 1821, the Revd. John McLaren 
 "was licensed to solemnize matrimony. 
 
 On the 28th of April, 1821, the sum of i^i 5.0.0 was 
 granted to Guy C. Wood, for the purpose of surveying and 
 ascertaining the streets and boundaries of the town, under 
 authority of the statutes then in force. 
 
 The court on the 27th of April, 1822, fixed the boundary 
 •of the gaol limits within which prisoners in custody for debt 
 might remain, instead of being closely confined in gaol, as 
 follows : " The gaol yard, including all the ground in front of 
 the gaol lot, to the river's edge ; Pitt street, from the river's 
 edge to a line drawn from the south-east corner of lot number 
 
64 Lunenburgh, or the 
 
 sixteen to the south-west corner of lot number fifteen, on the 
 north side of Second street ; thence along Second street to the 
 south-east corner of the Episcopal burial-ground, and also from 
 Pitt street to the western limit of lot number eighteen, on the 
 south side of First street, and including the north-west quarter 
 of the said lot number eighteen. It is understood and ordered 
 that any dwelling houses or shops of any description erected, 
 or to be erected, on either of the said streets, shall be con- 
 sidered within the limits, but excluding the premises attached 
 to these houses, except as hereinbefore mentioned, and except- 
 ing also the paths or ways to the churches, and the paths to 
 the houses on the said streets, such house not being more 
 than thirty feet from the said street." The fact that these 
 limits included two churches and one tavern, proves that the 
 magistrates considered not only the spiritual but the spirituous 
 needs of the prisoners. In January, 1826, they considered 
 their literary tastes by extending the limits to the post office, 
 which stood at that time on lot number thirteen, north side of 
 First street. 
 
 In April, 1822, the sum oi. £6.0.0 was granted to Duncan 
 McDonell (Greenfield), to be expended on the road from the 
 St. Lawrence to the Ottawa. This was the road from St. 
 Raphaels' Church which passed Greenfield and joined what is 
 now called the Military Road to the east. 
 
 In May, 1823, the Revd. H. Leith, Presbyterian minister,, 
 of Cornwall, was authorized to solemnize matrimony. 
 
 In October, 1823, it was ordered "that lots 4 and 5, north 
 of Fifth street, and 4 and 5, south of Sixth street, be reserved 
 for a gaol and court-house, and that a petition be presented to 
 the Legislature for ;^5ooo.o.O to erect the buildings." 
 
 On the 14th of July, 1824, a sum of ;£'50.0.o was granted 
 to Donald McAulay and Guy C. Wood, to build a bridge * at 
 William Wood's Creek, the old one being entirely decayed, 
 and presented by the Grand Jury as a nuisance. 
 
 In October, 1825, the Sheriff's salary was raised to ;^6o.0.a 
 
 * In 1885 a stone arch was built in this bridge. 
 
Old Eastern District, 65 
 
 per annum, and ;£'22.o.o allowed half-yearly for serving jury- 
 men. The Gaoler's salary was fixed at ;^6o.o.O per annum. 
 
 In January, 1826, an order was made that witnesses at- 
 tending the Court of General Quarter Sessions be allowed 5d. 
 a day. 
 
 ' In the winter of 1826, the gaol and court-house were 
 burned. A house * on lot number seventeen, on the south 
 side of Fourth street, was rented and fitted up for a gaol and 
 Gaoler's residence, and a large room in the second storey of 
 the building on the south-west corner of lot number fifteen, on 
 the north side of Second street, was rented for a court-room. ■\ 
 The magistrates appointed Archibald McLean, Guy C. Wood, 
 Donald McDonell, Joseph Anderson and John McGillivray, 
 trustees to accept the patent for the lots on which the new 
 gaol and court-house were to be built. The limits were altered 
 on account of the change in the locality of the gaol, and were 
 extended so as to include the district school-house. 
 
 In January, 1827, a sum of ;£'35.o.O was granted to William 
 Polly and Jehiel Hawley, towards building a new bridge near 
 John Marsh's farm, " commonly called the Carr bridge." 
 
 On the 24th of April, 1827, the Rev. Hugh Urquhart, 
 Presbyterian minister, of Cornwall, was licensed to solemnize 
 matrimony. 
 
 In July, 1827, a loan of ;£'4000.o.O was advertised for, for 
 the purpose of building a new gaol and court-house. 
 
 In April, 1828, the Revd. Hermanus Hayunga, Lutheran 
 minister, was licensed to solemnize matrimony. 
 
 In October, 1 828, constables were paid for their attendance. 
 
 In January, 1829, a grant was made to William Roebuck 
 for the Nine Mile Road, froni his mill through the 8th and 
 9th concessions of Lancaster. An additional tax of a half- 
 penny in the pound was ordered to pay for the erection of the 
 new gaol and court-house. 
 
 * Belonging to Joseph Easton. The rent paid was ;^lo.o.o a year, 
 t The building is now the American Hotel. It belonged in 1826 to Dr. Noah 
 Dickinson. 
 
66 Lunenburgh, or the 
 
 In March, 1830, the limits were increased to sixteen 
 acres. In July, 1830, they were established as follows: 
 " Commencing at the intersection of Augustus street on 
 Fourth street, where the temporary gaol is situated, and along- 
 Fourth street to Pitt street, and along Pitt street to the River 
 St. Lawrence ; from Pitt street along Water street to Augustus 
 street, and along Augustus street (from Second street) to the 
 River St. Lawrence, and along the bank of the said river 
 within forty feet of the water's edge to the steamboat wharf, 
 with permission to ride or walk from one end of the wharf to 
 the other forty feet from the edge, and from Augustus 
 street along First street as far as the office of the Clerk of the 
 Peace,* with permission to enter the said office, with permis- 
 sion to enter into the house now used as a court-house by 
 either door, on Pitt street or Second street ; from the said, 
 court-house to the Episcopal Church on Second street, witL 
 permission to enter into any part of the Episcopal, Roman; 
 Catholic and Presbyterian Churches, be the distance more or 
 less, and also to enter into any houses or out-houses on the: 
 streets within the above mentioned limits, and into the yards- 
 belonging to any of the said houses, the distance of thirty 
 yards from the dwelling house, and no further, posts to be- 
 erected to mark out the limits to prevent any mistakes." 
 
 On the 28th of April, 1 831, the Treasurer was authorized, 
 to effect a loan of ^^4500.0.0, to build and complete a gaol and 
 court-house. 
 
 Standard weights and measures were to be got from the 
 Secretary of the Province, and Austin Shearer was appointed. 
 Stamper of Weights and Measures for the Eastern District. 
 
 Joseph Anderson, Guy C. Wood, John McDonald and 
 Philip Vankoughnet, were appointed commissioners for roads- 
 and bridges in the Township of Cornwall. 
 
 The following estimate of the sums of money required to 
 be raised for defraying the expenses of the Eastern District,, 
 for the year 183 1, was made in that year, but was rescinded ini 
 
 * On the south-west corner of lot No. 6, north side of First street. 
 
Old Eastern District. 67 
 
 January, 1832, because the funds of the district were very 
 much in arrears. It is, however, interesting as showing the 
 probable annual expenditure of the district fifty-six years agOL 
 
 £ s. d. 
 
 The Sheriff's Department 280 o o 
 
 The Clerk of the Peace 139 11 o £ s. d. 
 
 419 II o. 
 
 Roads and Bridges — 
 
 Cornwall and Roxborough 67 o o 
 
 Osnabruck and Finch 37 10 o 
 
 Williamsburg and Winchester 27 10 o 
 
 Matilda 21 10 o 
 
 Mountain 6 10 o 
 
 Charlottenburgh 65 o o 
 
 Lancaster 32 10 p 
 
 Kenyon 15 o o 
 
 Lochiel 27 10 o 
 
 ■ 300 o o 
 
 Four per cent, on ^^loSo.o.o to the Treasurer 43 4 o 
 
 Four per cent, to the Treasurer for money paid into his 
 
 J" hands as tax of Unoccupied lands 20 o O' 
 
 To the Treasurer for an account of lands on which the 
 
 assessment is eight years' in arrear 5 o O' 
 
 Coroner 15 o O' 
 
 Five per cent, to Collectors 52 o O' 
 
 Seven per cent, to Assessors 75 12 O' 
 
 Surveyor of roads for County of Glengarry 5 ° o 
 
 " lands " " 2 o o. 
 
 ' ' roads ' ' Stormont 5 o c 
 
 " " " Dundas 500 
 
 " lands " " -. 2 o c 
 
 Rates that cannot be collected 40 o O' 
 
 Other necessary charges 9° 13 O' 
 
 Towards erecting a gaol and court-house, under authority 
 
 of the Act passed 17th February, 1827 540 o o 
 
 £, 1620 o o 
 
 The rate was fixed at i J^d. in the pound. 
 
 The Clerk of the Peace was directed to get a copy of the 
 Provincial Statutes printed at Kingston by Messrs. Thompson 
 and McFarlane. 
 
 On the 2Sth of January, 1832, a grant of ;^io.o.o was- 
 made to Guy C. Wood, towards the purchase of a fire engine,. 
 
68 Lunenburgh, or the, 
 
 to be kept in the Town of Cornwall, for the safety and protec- 
 tion of all buildings therein, both public and private. 
 
 At this court, one prisoner, convicted of larceny, was 
 sentenced to be imprisoned and to pay a fine of is. Two 
 others (young lads) were, for a similar offence, sentenced to 
 receive thirty-nine lasheff each and to be imprisoned fourteen 
 days.* 
 
 On the 26th of April, 1833, the magistrates sent a memo- 
 rial to the Lieutenant-Governor, praying that the license of 
 occupation granted to John Gibson, for lot number 16, on the 
 south side of Water street, be rescinded, as the building which 
 Gibson intended to put up -f- on that lot would be a serious 
 injury to the court-house ; Gibson to be paid by the magis- 
 trates for the frame he had put up. 
 
 The building containing the new gaol and court-house 
 was finished in the summer of 1833, and the Court of Assize, 
 Nisi Prius and Oyer and Terminer, was held in the new^court- 
 room for the first time in August or September of that year. 
 The building cost the district ;^5 500.0.0. | 
 
 On January 30th, 1834, the Gaoler's salary was fixed at 
 ;^ 1 25.0.0 a year. 
 
 In April, 1835, an order was made that a Court of Re- 
 quests be held at St. Andrews. 
 
 In May, 1835, His Excellency the Lieutenant-Governor 
 was requested by the magistrates to cause Regular troops to 
 be stationed in the vicinity of the works in progress on the 
 line of the St. Lawrence canal, to aid the civil power in case 
 of emergency. This request was complied with in 1836, after 
 the murder of Mr. Albert French. A building was put up at 
 the west side of the gaol and court-house, which was occupied 
 for^a few months by a company of the 15th Regiment, under 
 Captain Brouncker. 
 
 * The author, then a school boy, saw the flogging administered at the corner 
 of Pitt and Fourth streets. 
 
 + He intended it for a tavern. 
 
 X The author rwas the first witness sworn in this court-room, and the last Judge 
 who held court in it before it was altered in 1885, 
 
Old Eastern District. 69 
 
 On the 2nd of May, 1835, a volunteer fire company was 
 formed. The names of the members entered in the records of 
 Ihe Court of Quarter Sessions* are : 
 
 1 Walter Colquhoun, 15 William M. Park, 
 
 2 Alex'r McDougall, 16 Josephus Bailey, 
 
 3 John Carter, 17 Geo. S. Jarvis, 
 
 4 Patrick Loughry, 18 Dd. McDonell, 
 
 5 James Lpney, 19 Thos. Marshall, 
 t 6 Geo. M. Crysler, 20 Charles McGill, 
 
 7 D. W. B. McAuley, . 21 Robert S. Murray, 
 
 8 John Butter,, . 22 Richard McConnell, 
 
 9 G. A. Masson, 23 Duncan McDonell, 
 
 10 Geo. McDonell, + 24 Alex. McDonell (Greenfield), 
 
 t II J. F. Pringle, 25 Angus McDonell, 
 
 12 Vincent Masson, ;26 Thomas Spink, 
 
 13 Samuel Hart, 27 Andrew McKay, 
 
 14 John Walker, 28 Thomas Palin. 
 
 In 1834, the town was incorporated. 
 
 On July 17th, 1835, David Jones, Judge of the District 
 Court, became Chairman of the Quarter Sessions. 
 
 On the 5th of January, 1836, the court issued rules and 
 regulations for the innkeepers in the Eastern District. It is 
 not necessary to give them in full, but it may be interesting to 
 know what was the minimum of accommodation required for 
 travellers. Rule No. i provided " that every person keeping 
 an inn within the Eastern District must have a comfortable 
 sitting-room and bed-room, and at least two good, clean beds, 
 for the use of travellers, and be ready at the shortest notice to 
 furnish a good, substantial breakfast, dinner or supper." For 
 many years the average number of inns in the town was nine. 
 The licenses were issued by the magistrates at a special meet- 
 ing of the Sessions, at which all the innkeepers in the district 
 attended. For a good many years the court for receiving 
 applications and issuing licenses was held on the 5th day of 
 January. 
 
 * Under authority of Geo. IV, 1826. 
 
 t Only three of the company were living in 1888 — ^J. F. Pringle, Alex. Mc- 
 Donell and Geo. M. Crysler. 
 
70 Lunenburgh, or the 
 
 In the autumn of 1836, the Sheriff, D. McDonell, was-- 
 paid £'^i.\'j.i, expenses incurred in the execution of Michael 
 Connell.* 
 
 In this year the following sums were paid out of the dis- 
 trict funds to the returning officei's who held -the elections in 
 
 the county and town constituencies : 
 
 £ s. d. 
 
 James Pringle, Stormont 24 10 o 
 
 Geo. Anderson, Glengarry 24 13 4 
 
 Guy C. Wood, Town 4 10 o 
 
 James McDonell, Dundas 5 5 o 
 
 In the fall of 1837, the rebellion broke out. In the fol- 
 lowing year, an order was made that the gaol and court-house 
 might be used for military purposes, when so ordered by the 
 magistrates. 
 
 In October, 1839, an order was made, authorizing the 
 surveying and establishing of the eastern line of the Town- 
 ships of Cornwall and Roxborough, which had never been 
 properly defined, owing, it is supposed, to some local attrac- 
 tion which affected the compass. James West, P. L. S., was 
 appointed to make the new survey. He completed it satis- 
 factorily, and made a map, which was filed either in the office 
 of the Clerk of the Peace or of the Registrar for the County 
 of Stormont. 
 
 In i84i,-f- the District Councils were established, and the 
 Courts of General Quarter Sessions were relieved from the 
 management of the finances, the county property, roads and 
 bridges, etc., etc., etc., and were limited to the work of a 
 court of criminal jurisdiction. 
 
 * Executed for the murder of Albert French. 
 
 + By Statute 4 and 5 Vic, Chap. 10, passed loth August, 1841, which came 
 into force ist January, 1842. 
 
Old Eastern District. 
 
 7E 
 
 CHAPTER XI. 
 
 The following is a list of the patents issued for town lots 
 up to the close of 1810 : 
 
 Aaron Brown 
 
 IS, South 1st Street 17th Oct. 
 
 , 1803 
 
 John Vankoughnet 
 
 13, North Water " 
 
 1804 
 
 John Mosely 
 
 20, South 2nd Street 
 
 
 Christopher Empey 
 
 I, South Water Street 
 
 
 Cornelius Munro 
 
 13, South 2nd " 
 
 
 Michael Vankoughnet 
 
 9,, North 1st 
 
 
 Walter B. Wilkinson 
 
 20, 
 
 
 Donald McAuley 
 
 16, North 2nd 
 
 
 Christopher Courlier 
 
 17 and 18, South Water Street 
 
 
 John Gotilfrey Flagh 
 
 27, North 2nd Street 
 
 1806 
 
 Neil McLean 
 
 17, North " " 
 
 1807 
 
 Rev. John Strachan 
 
 18, South " " 
 
 1808 
 
 Jane Kay 
 
 14, North " " 
 
 <.i 
 
 Margaret Bruce 
 
 14, South 1st " 
 
 ** 
 
 Wm. Bruce 
 
 II and 12, North ist Street 
 
 *' 
 
 John Kay 
 
 14 and 15, North Water Street 
 
 (t 
 
 Charles Clarke 
 
 9, South 2nd Street 
 
 (( 
 
 Donald McAulay 
 
 16, South jfd bLrccL 
 
 " 
 
 Nathaniel Morton 
 
 10, North 1st " 
 
 C( 
 
 Aaron Brown 
 
 16, South 1st " 
 
 1809 
 
 W. B. Wilkinson W i 
 
 -2 13 E4-S 14, North 1st Street 
 
 " 
 
 do 
 
 14, South 2ud Street 
 
 <c 
 
 John Robert Small 
 
 7, North Water " 
 
 " 
 
 Margaret Bruce 
 
 13, South 1st 
 
 (( 
 
 John Anderson 
 
 18, North 2nd " 
 
 (or 3 Concession on river). 
 
 
 John Vankoughnet 
 
 X 13 and 14, South Water Street 
 
 " 
 
 Nancy Shannon 
 
 9, North Water Street 
 
 " 
 
 Joshua Y. Cozens 
 
 13, North 2nd Street 
 
 " 
 
 Daniel Algier 
 
 16, North 3rd Street 
 
 " 
 
 John Fulton 
 
 12, North Water Street 
 
 << 
 
 Nathaniel Norton 
 
 16, North 4th " 
 
 (( 
 
 Michael Vankoughnet 
 
 10, South 1st " 
 
 (C 
 
 Jeremiah French 
 
 23, North 2nd " 
 
 I8I0. 
 
72 Lmienbuigh, or the 
 
 Timothy Johnson 22, North 2nd Street 1810 
 
 do 22, South 2nd " " 
 
 David Johnson 15, South 3rd " " 
 
 (6th range on South side 3rd Street) 
 
 Joseph Emerson 12, South and Street " 
 
 Abraham Marsh 24, North " " " 
 
 Thos. Swan 19, South " 
 
 Mary Talbert 26, North " " " 
 
 Simon Fraser 7, North 1st Street " 
 
 Catherine Valentine 21, South 2nd " " 
 
 Erastus Hanshett 8, North 1st " " 
 
 According to this list, forty-three patents had been issued 
 down to the close of 18 10. Some of the lots patented were 
 not built upon, and several lots that were built upon and occu- 
 pied by fatnllies were not patented until many years later. 
 It is difficult therefore to form any accurate idea of the popu- 
 lation of the town at the end of the first twenty-five years 
 of its existence, probably it did not exceed three or four hun- 
 dred persons in all. For several years the Townships of Corn- 
 wall and Roxborough, and the Town of Cornwall, were 
 assessed together ; a general abstract of the assessment rolls 
 for the district was made each year beginning with 181 5, and 
 continuing down to I850 ; these abstracts with the exception 
 of those for the years 181 8, 1820, 1821, 1823 and 1824, are in 
 the office of the Clerk of the Peace, and from them can be as- 
 certained the number of town lots assessed from year to year. 
 
 In the abstract for 181 5, the number of the persons 
 assessed is given at 298 for the Townships of Cornwall and 
 Roxborough and the town. The number of town lots assessed 
 is given at 73. Taking the proportion of those assessed to the 
 whole population as one to eight, * the total population of the 
 two townships and the town was 2384 in 1815, and allowing 
 -one family to every two of the 73 town lots assessed the pop- 
 ulation of the town was 296. 
 
 The following extract from the general abstracts, shows 
 the number of town lots assessed in each of the years given in 
 
 * As given by Gourley, Vol. I, p. 139, of his vi'ork. The author thinks the 
 proportion of one to six vifould be more correct in the earlier years of the settlement. 
 
Old Eastern District. 
 
 73; 
 
 the margin, and enables the reader to see how gradually the 
 old town grew in the first sixty years of its existence : 
 
 Year. 
 
 1815 
 1816 
 1817 
 1819 
 1822 
 1825 
 1826 
 1827 
 1828 
 1829 
 1830 
 
 No. OF 
 Lots 
 Ass'd. 
 
 73 
 
 92 
 
 90 
 
 94K 
 
 73 
 173 
 142 
 192 
 194 
 219 
 196 
 
 In the 
 the townsh 
 follows : 
 
 Year. 
 
 1831 
 1832 
 1833 
 1834 
 1835 
 1836 
 
 1837 
 1838 
 
 1839 
 1840 
 1841 
 
 No. OF 
 
 Lots 
 Ass'd. 
 
 195 
 205 
 212 
 192 
 240 
 215 
 227 
 230 
 225 
 
 237 
 230 
 
 Year. 
 
 No. OF 
 
 Lots 
 Ass'd. 
 
 1842 . 
 
 . 246 
 
 1843 ■ 
 
 . 214 
 
 1844 . 
 
 ■ 252 
 
 1845 • 
 
 . 287 
 
 1846 . 
 
 . 288 
 
 1847 . 
 
 • 308 
 
 1848 . 
 
 • 364 
 
 1849 . 
 
 • 432 
 
 1850 . 
 
 • 457 
 
 abstract for 1850, the town is given separately from 
 ps. The particulars of the town assessment are as" 
 
 Number of houses of timber squared or hewed on two sides, one storey, 14 
 
 " Frame houses under two storeys, 167 
 
 " Brick or stone houses, one storey, 6 
 
 " Frame, brick or stone houses, two storeys, 25 
 
 " Mills run by water, • - 2 
 
 " Merchants' shops, 11 
 
 " Carriages kept for pleasure, i 
 
 ' ' Waggons kept for pleasure, 1 1 
 
 Valuation of property, ;^24,2i2.o.o, = $96,848.00. 
 
 Assessment id. in the £1.0.0. = ;f 100. 17.8. 
 
 One-eighth of a penny for lunatic asylum, ;^ 12. 12.2. 
 
 School rate, ■ ^3l-0-°- 
 
 For the three counties of Stormont, Dundas and Glen- 
 garry, the number of names given in McNiff 's map, in Nov. 
 1786, is 966, viz : 
 
74 Ltmenburgh, or the 
 
 In the Lake Township, (Lancaster) 69 
 
 In Township No. i, (Charlottenburg) - 261 
 
 •' " 2, (Cornwall) - 310 
 
 " " 3, (Osnabruck) - 129 
 
 " "4, (Williamsburg) 92 
 
 " 5, (Matilda) 105 
 
 966 
 
 The whole number of persons assessed in I815, as given 
 in the abstract for that year, is 1592, viz : 
 
 Lancaster, * 296 
 
 Charlottenburg, 494 
 
 Cornwall and Roxborough, including the town, - 298 
 
 Osnabruck 216 
 
 Finch, 15 
 
 Williamsburg, - 134 
 
 Matilda, - 1 1 1 
 
 Mountain, - 28 
 
 1592 
 
 Taking the proportion at one in eight, the population of 
 the United Counties of Stormont, Dundas and Glengarry, was 
 about 12,736, in the latter year. 
 
 The town plot, a square mile of unbroken forest, could 
 not have had a very inviting appearance to the first settlers, 
 and very few would see much prospect of advantage in settling 
 on a town lot. No doubt several years elapsed before all the 
 town lots were cleared of trees. At the time when the author's 
 recollection of the place begins, (about 1824-25), very few trees 
 were left of the original forest, and most of the stumps of the 
 hard wood trees had disappeared. 
 
 The low land, particularly that on the east and west sides 
 of Pitt Street, through which Fly|- creek runs, was swamp, cov- 
 ered with small willows and alder brush, and apparently 
 useless for either building or cultivation. 
 
 * Lancaster then included Lochiel ; Charlottenburg, Kenyon ; and Williams- 
 -burgh, Winchester. 
 
 tQuere — " Vlei,'' a creek. 
 
Old Eastern District. 75 
 
 CHAPTER XII. 
 
 Before giving the author's personal recollections ofi 
 Cornwall, a slight sketch of the events of the war of 
 1 812, so far as they concern the town and district, may be 
 fitly introduced. The general history of the war has often 
 been given, and need not be repeated here. 
 
 The declaration of war having been issued by the United 
 States Government in June, 1812, the flank companies* of the 
 militia in the Eastern District were called out and put under 
 a course of drill and instruction. Some of these companies 
 were stationed in the town under the command of Col. Neil 
 McLean. The court-house and gaol were used for barracks, 
 and a magazine for artillery stores and an hospital for the sick 
 were established. Guards and picquets were stationed at dif- 
 ferent points above and below the town. One guard was 
 placed on Captain Joseph Anderson's farm, No. 18, in the 1st 
 ■concession of Cornwall. A guard of American Militia was sta- 
 tioned at Massena Point, on the opposite side of the river. The 
 two guards used to amuse themselves and waste the amunition 
 of their respective governments, by firing across the river. 
 This was continued without injury for a while. At last one of 
 the Americans was wounded. This seemed to have a de- 
 pressing effect on his comrades, and thenceforward the firing 
 ceased. A guard was also stationed at Glengarry Point, at 
 the stone house,-|- built by Captain Alexander McDonell. 
 
 The brunt of the war was directed against the western y) 
 portion of Upper Canada and the country south of Montreal. 
 
 * Flank Companies — The Grenadier Company and Light Infantry Company 
 •of each regiment ; the first being the company on the right flank, the second that 
 ■on the left flank of each battalion. 
 
 t This was the first stone house built in the district. It was, unfortunately, 
 iburned in the winter of 1813 or 1814. The ruins of it are still standing. 
 
 l 
 
"jS Lunenburgh, or the 
 
 In each of these quarters the Canadians showed that they 
 were not only willing but able to defend the country. The 
 capture of General Hull and his army at Detroit, by General 
 Brock, and the success of the Canadians at Queenstown, 
 Lundy's Lane, Lacolle, Chateauguay, and other places, proved 
 that the conquest of Canada was by no means an easy task- 
 No American invader set foot in Cornwall until the autumn 
 of 1813, when General Wilkinson attempted to take his army 
 down the St. Lawrence to attack Montreal. On Sunday, 
 the 8th Nov., 1813, his flotilla of boats, about three hundred in 
 number, having on board nearly 10,000 men, appeared west of 
 Point Iroquois. It was fired on by the picquet of Militia,, 
 (about a dozen men), among whom were Jacob and Peter 
 Brouse. The firing aroused a small party of about 200 men. 
 of the Dundas Militia, who also fired, but were compelled to 
 retreat to the woods on the landing of a portion of Wilkinson's 
 force at Jacob Brouse's farm. This party remained on shore 
 below Iroquois until Tuesday, when Wilkinson, alarmed by a 
 report that a force was coming down the river to attack him,, 
 re-embarked his men and proceeded down the river, passed the 
 rapid Plat, and halted at the lower limit of Williamsburg, 
 where he made preparations to pass the Long Sault rapid. 
 On the same day he was reinforced from the American side 
 by General Brown, with 3,000 men, including some cavalry,, 
 whom he sent with a portion of his own army by land, to take 
 possession of the Government stores at Cornwall. 
 
 Brown's march was opposed at Hoople's Creek by about 
 1,300 Glengarry Militia, under Major Dennis, who did not 
 venture to risk an engagement, as his men were badly armed,, 
 and undisciplined ; after exchanging a few volleys with the 
 enemy he retired into the interior, and Brown pushed on 
 towards Cornwall, his boats ran the rapids and lay at the foot 
 of Barnhart's Island, and in the bay in front of lot 18, in the, 
 1st Concession of Cornwall. 
 
 Before Brown got to Cornwall, the Government stores. 
 
 See Croil's Dundas. 
 
Old Eastern District. "jj 
 
 had all been removed by the way of St. Andrews and Martin- 
 town to Coteau du Lac. Brown's brigade occupied the 
 front of lots 17, 18 and 1 9* in the first concession of Cornwall, 
 until the afternoon of the 12th. The officers took possession 
 of the farm houses, the men bivouacked in the fields. They j 
 helped themselves to the contents of the barns and granaries,/ v ' 
 and to all the provisions they could lay their hands on ; eveiy/ 
 stick of fence on the farms was burned, and diligent search 
 was made for any valuables that might have been concealed 
 in cellars or gardens. Mrs. Anderson's winter stock of pre- 
 serves had been carefully hidden in one of the garden beds, 
 but it was discovered by some of the enemy, who prodded 
 the ground with their iron ramrods. Fortunately, the good 
 lady's small stock of plate and jewelry was more successfully 
 concealed. -^ 
 
 All the men able to bear arms were with the militia, and 'i' 
 none but women and children remained in the houses. Those 
 of them with whom the author has conversed on the subject 
 of the invasion, have told him that the American troops 
 looked very little like soldiers — there was neither drill nor 
 discipline among them. The officers seemed to command 
 neither respect nor obedience from the men, most of whom -, 
 appeared more anxious to get home than to fight. Theyj 
 were, however, civil and quiet, and no insult either by word or 
 act was offered to any of the inmates of the houses, though 
 the intention to destroy the town as well as the farm houses 
 before the advance to Montreal was continued, was freely ex- 
 pressed by both officers and men. The town was visited by 
 several parties, and the few stores in it were patronized in a 
 way that did not add much to the profits of the owners. 
 
 On the nth of November, the battle of Crysler's Farm 
 was fought between the British force of about 900 men, under 
 Colonel Morrison, and a portion of Wilkinson's army, between 
 2,000 and 3,000 strong. Under General Covington. The British 
 
 * These were owned, respectively, by John Prescott, Captain Joseph Ander- 
 son and Henry Runnions. G 
 
78 Lunenbufgh, or the 
 
 gained a complete victory, and the Americans retreated, with 
 a loss of about 93 killed and 237 wounded, among whom was 
 General Covington.* Every cannon shot fired at Crysler's 
 farm was heard by Brown's force at the Anderson farm, and 
 much they exulted, exclaiming as each report was heard : 
 " Now the Britishers are catching it." On the morning of the 
 1 2th a different tale was told, when the boats with the retreat- 
 ing Americans came down the river and some of the wounded 
 were landed. General Brown, alarmed by the news of the 
 defeat, hurriedly embarked his brigade and retreated to Salmon 
 River. Cornwall was saved from the destruction threatened 
 by the enemy, and no further attempt was made against the 
 town. 
 
 The victory at Crysler's Farm over Wilkinson, and that 
 at Chateauguay under De Salaberry over General Hampton's 
 force, completely broke up the well conceived plan of the 
 Americans for the capture of Montreal. 
 
 In February, 1814, Colonel Pearson with a foi'ce of 500 
 men went from Cornwall to Salmon River-f across the ice, 
 burned the boats left there by General Wilkinson, and ad- 
 vanced to Malone, where he captured and brought away a 
 large quantity of Government stores left by General Brown, 
 and destroyed all that could not be removed. 
 
 Previous to the battle of Crysler's Farm, several attempts 
 were made by the Americans to capture the brigades of boats 
 in which Government stores and goods were being conveyed 
 from Montreal to Kingston. They succeeded once only ; all 
 
 * The British troops engaged were a portion of the 49th and 89th Regiments of 
 the line, the crews of three gunboats, a company of the Canadian Fencibles under 
 Lieut. De Lorimier, part of a troop of Provincial Dragoons under Capt. R. D. 
 Eraser, some companies of the Canadian Voltigeurs under Major Heriot, a party 
 ■of Militia under Lieut. Samuel Adams, and about thirty Indian warriors under 
 Lieut. Anderson. Major Henry Merkley, of the Dundas Militia, and Captain 
 Kerr, of the Incorporated Militia, attended with the troops and were of great ser- 
 vice in the field. Captain Nairn and Ensien Clause, of the 49th, and Lieutenant 
 De Lonmier, of the Canadian' Fencibles, were' killed. 
 
 t Now called Fort Covington, from General Covington, killed at Crysler's 
 Parm. 
 
Old Eastern District. 79 
 
 their other attempts were baffled by the vigilance of Colonel 
 Pearson and the Dundas Militia.* 
 
 When General Brown and his brigade were attacked at 
 Hoople's Creek by-the Militia, several of the Americans were 
 wounded. One, who was severely injured, was left near the 
 house of an old ladyf on the bank of the creek. She and her 
 servant girl (the only inmates of the house) brought the 
 -wounded man in and took care of him. The old lady attend- 
 ed to him like a mother, scolded him soundly in German if he 
 ■did not do as she wished, nursed him till he died, and then 
 had him decently buried. Some years after his death she told 
 a friend J that she had dreamt that she had gone to look at 
 the soldier's grave and had found on it a very fine hill of 
 potatoes. Her friend interpreted her dream, and without 
 telling her his interpretation, represented the facts to the 
 American Government, with such good effect that she got the 
 sum of $600.00 from the authorities at Washington. 
 
 During the war several companies of Militia garrisoned 
 the town. There were also some Regular troops, among whom 
 ■was the 70th Regiment, which was stationed in the town for 
 some time before and after the close of the war. Occasionally 
 a party of sailors would pass up from Montreal to join the 
 men-of-war on the lakes. Cornwall was one of, their stopping 
 placed, and they generally made the town lively during their 
 stay. They appeared to consider themselves at liberty to take 
 whatever fruit or vegetables they wanted, and the proprietor 
 was wise who gave the products of his garden or orchard 
 freely and willingly, and so prevented them from helping 
 themselves. One night some of the sailors got several water 
 melons ; the next night they wished to have another feast, 
 but, unfortunately for themselves, took a lot of pumpkins in- 
 stead of melons. Another party killed and supped upon a 
 young animal, which they supposed to be a calf, but which 
 
 * Croil's Dundas. 
 
 + Mrs.iHoople. 
 
 X The late Dr. Archibald. 
 
8o LunenburgJi, or the 
 
 was in reality a colt, a fact which the Jack Tars dis- 
 covered on examining the hoofs the next morning. . Some 
 wise man in authority put a number of troop horses, captured 
 from the Americans, in charge of a party of sailors, to be taken 
 up the country to Kingston. Very few of the horses, reached 
 their destination, the sailors having ridden most of them to- 
 death. 
 
Old Eastern District. 
 
 CHAPTER XIII. 
 
 Those who recollect what the town was sixty years ago 
 would describe it as consisting of a few scattered buildings 
 and a large expanse of cleared, but for the most part, unen- 
 closed and uncultivated lots. This is the recollection the 
 author has of its appearance in 1824. Among the buildings 
 at that time the. most noticeable were the English Church, the 
 old District School-house, and the Gaol and Court-house. 
 
 The church stood until 1876. It had been somewhat 
 altered, and had been removed from its original site, but the 
 south side did not differ much in appearance from what it was 
 half a century earlier. It was a plain wooden building, with a 
 square tower at the west end, surmounted by a tin-covered 
 -spire. The outside was painted white ; the inside (sixty years 
 ago) was guiltless of paint, and so remained "for man)' years. 
 There was no vestry, and the clergyman changed his vest- 
 ments from surplice to gown in the presence of the congrega- 
 tion.* The reading desks were arranged very differently frorri 
 those of modern churches. There was, first, the desk for the 
 clerk — a small, square enclosure, raised a step or two from the 
 floor. Immediately behind this was the desk from which the 
 clergyman read the service ; it was shaped like the clerk's desk, 
 -and was raised two or three steps higher. Behind this was the 
 pulpit, the like of which is to be seen in verj-' few modern 
 churches. It looked very much like a goblet, and consisted of 
 a pillar six or seven feet in height ; on the top of this was the 
 pulpit, to which the preacher ascended by a narrow, winding 
 stair. Over the pulpit was the • sounding-board, suspended 
 from the ceiling by a stout iron rod. No doubt many a 
 
 * In those days the clergyman wore a-white surpUce when- reading the service 
 .and a black gown when preaching. 
 
82 Lunenburgh, or the 
 
 youngster wondered what would happen to his reverence if 
 the rod should break and the sounding-board fall. The pews 
 were straight-backed, uncomfortable boxes, some square, some 
 oblong, uncushioned, uncarpeted, and unadorned even by paint 
 or varnish. They were finished in a manner that the author 
 has never seen in any other church. A space about a foot in 
 width was left below the top rail, in which were placed small 
 turned rods of pine, like miniature balustrades. Many of 
 them being loose, the temptation to turn them around was 
 irresistable to the youngsters, and occasionally a loud squeak 
 would be heard, to the annoyance of the preacher and the- 
 congregation, and the confusion of the culprit. 
 
 The District School-house was built about 1808, and is- 
 still standing on the original site, very little changed in ap- 
 pearance. The Gaol and Court-house was a two-storey 
 wooden building — gaunt, unpainted, and weather beaten.- 
 The court-room in the second storey was small and incon- 
 venient. This building was burned in the winter of 1826. 
 
 Of the other buildings in the town, as they were a little- 
 more than sixty years ago,* the following is as accurate a 
 description as can be given in the present day. 
 
 Taking the streets in succession from Water street north- 
 wards, and beginning at the east end of Water street, on the 
 north side, there were the following buildings : A log house on 
 the south-east corner of lot number i, the market house built 
 on lots 10 and 11, William Duesler's house on lot 12, a house 
 on lot I4,f the stage stables on lot 15, the gaol and court- 
 house on lot 16, on lot 17 a low wooden building occupied as 
 a bakery by a German named Serendach (this house was 
 pulled down three or four years ago), a dwelling house on lot 
 18, which was burned in 1881 ; a brick house on lot 22, which 
 now forms part of the dwelling house owned by the late 
 Honorable J. S. Macdonald. 
 
 * in 1824-25. 
 
 t The late W. M. Park, watchmaker, commenced business in this house- 
 about 1820. 
 
Old Eastern District. 83 
 
 On the south side of Water street, there was a house on 
 lot number i, which is still standing ; a house on lot 10, 
 Colonel the Honorable P. Vankoughnet's dwelling house on 
 lot 15, Gibson's tavern on lot 16, and H. Cryderman's house 
 on lot 19. The lots on the south side of Water street, from 
 number 8 westward, were taken into the canal when that was 
 constructed in 1834-35. 
 
 On the south side of First street, the dwelling house of 
 Archibald McLean (Chief Justice McLean) stood on lot 8,. 
 that of Michael Vankoughnet on lot 10 (part of the house is- 
 still standing), a log house on lot 14, and also the frame build- 
 ing occupied by D. Carpenter. A frame building, with a log. 
 building attached to it, stood on the north-west corner of lot 
 1 5 ; these buildings, known for a while as " Sebastopol," were 
 pulled down a few years ago. A small frame house, used as a 
 grocery, stood on the north-east corner of lot 16 ; * there were 
 two other small houses fronting on Pitt street on the same- 
 lot. John Chesley's inn was on the corner of lot 18 ; the frame of 
 this house was afterwards moved a few feet to the east, bricked 
 up and made into a dwelling house, now owned by Sheriff 
 Mclntyre. An unfinished house stood on lot 22, another on 
 lot 23, and a rough-cast house on lot 27. 
 
 On the north side of First street, on lot 6 stood a small! 
 frame building, used as an office by Archibald McLean up tO' 
 1837, when he was raised to the Bench ; a frame building 
 (still standing) on lot 8, a frame building on the south-east 
 corner of lot 10 (this has been improved and enlarged), a log 
 building on lot 11, belonging to Mrs. Bruce. The store of G. 
 C. Wood stood on lot 13 ; the post office was kept in this 
 building for many years. (The present postmaster, Geo. Mc- 
 Donell, removed this house to lot 15, north of Second street, 
 and . added a second storey to it.) The brick building, (now 
 the Commercial Hotel) on the east half of lot 14, was erected 
 by G. C. Wood for a dwelling house, in place of the log house 
 
 * The Commercial Hotel was built on that corner about 1834, and was burned 
 in the winter of 1884. 
 
84 Lunenburgh, or the 
 
 put up when the town was first settled. On the west half of 
 14 was the inn of Thomas Marshall (pulled down in 1883 and 
 replaced by a block of brick stores by Wm. Warrington.) 
 Peter Chesley's store stood on the south-west corner of lot 15, 
 and P. Vankoughnet's store (a stone building) on the south- 
 east corner of lot 16 (this was burned in 1884, and Liddell's 
 block built in its place.) On lot 17 or 18 stood a long log 
 building, owned by Mr. McBean ; it was one of the first houses 
 built in the town. H. Pitts' house stood on the south-east 
 corner of lot 22, and two or three houses on lots 24, 26 
 and 27. James Pringle built his dwelling house on lot 21 in 
 J 826. 
 
 On the south side of Second street, there were no houses 
 -east of lot 1 5. On this lot stood the old Presbyterian Church, 
 built about 1787, near the place where the building of J. T. 
 Smart now stands. The frame of old St. John's Church was put 
 up about 1823-4, and the building was finished about two 
 years after. . There were three or four buildings fronting Pitt 
 street on lot 16, between Second and First streets,* one of 
 which was owned by Mrs. Janet Miller. The dwelling house 
 ■and store of Wm. Mattice were erected on the north-east 
 corner of 16. On lot 17 were the dwelling houses and stores 
 of Wm. Cline and S. Y. Chesley. Mr. Mattice's house and 
 store were removed and a new block of buildings put up by 
 Wm. Colquhoun in 1883. Wm. Cline's and S. Y. Chesley's 
 stores were removed many years ago ; the dwelling houses 
 still i-emain in good preservation, occupied respectively by 
 John Mclntyre and D. B. McLennan. The District School- 
 house stood, and is still standing, on lot 18 ; it was for some 
 time occupied as a tenement house. It is now (1888) turned 
 into a stable and carriage house. Dr. Moseley's house stood 
 on lot 20 ; it was removed in 1848 to lot 15, north of Fifth 
 street, where it stood until the spring of 1886 ; it was built in 
 1803 or 1804. A building stood on lot 22, which was used as 
 
 * R. H.- Bjrown is now engaged in repairing the only remaining one of these 
 .old buildings — April, 1886. 
 
Old Eastern' District. 85 
 
 a military storehouse in 1812 and 1814, and a log building 
 stood on lot 27. 
 
 On the north side pf Second street, there was a dwelling 
 ihouse on lot 8. The frame of the dwelling house lately occu- 
 pied by Wm. M. Park stood on lot 9. The Common School- 
 house, a small wooden building, stood on lot 10. The dwell- 
 ing house of J. Y. Cozens stood on lot 13. This building was 
 vrenovated and improved by the Revd. J. P. Bennett, J. S. 
 McDougall and Geo. McDonell ; the latter removed it in 1885 
 to lot 13, south Third, street, and repaired it; it is likely to 
 last for many years yet.* Mrs. Kay's house stood on lot 14, 
 where half of it is now. On lot f5. Dr. Noah Dickinson 
 erected the brick building (now the American House.) This 
 .building was unfinished for many years ; a portion of the 
 finished part was used as a store, another as a dwelling ; a 
 large room upstairs was used as the court-room from 1826 
 until 1833; from 1838 until 1843, the greater part of the house 
 was used as barracks for the troops stationed in the town ; after 
 1843, the large room was occasionally used as a ball or concert 
 room ; finally the building was fitted up for a hotel, and in- 
 gixased accommodation was given by the construction of a 
 mansard roof Donald McAulay's house and store were on 
 the south-east corner of lot 16 ; the house has been removed 
 to the west side of the lot. R. Cline's office was built on lot 
 17, where it now stands ; his stone dwelling house was build 
 in 1832-33, on the same lot. Alsaint Chesley's inn was built in 
 1 814, on lot 18 ; it is now fitted up and used as a tenement 
 house. The English Church parsonage was built on lot 19 ; a 
 brick addition was put to it about 1850 ; the original building 
 was pulled down a few years ago and a new one erected on 
 the old foundation. The old English Church stood on lot 20; 
 the present church is built on the same site. Henry Wagner's 
 inn stood on lot 22 ; Nicholas Barnhart's house, a tall, ghostly 
 frame building, stood on lot 25 ; Talbert's house on lot 26, and 
 
 * The repairs are so great, that little more than the- frame of the original 
 iuilding remains. , ' 
 
86 Lunenburgk, or tht 
 
 Tracey's on lot 27. The latter, changed into three tenements,, 
 is still in existence. 
 
 On the south side of Third street, there was a house on 
 lot 7, owned by Richard McConnell, and the brick building 
 owned by Geo. S. Jarvis on lot 18. On the north side, Stal- 
 meyer's house stood on lot 14 ; L. McDonald's house and 
 store on the south-west corner of lot 15 (this building was. 
 pulled down in 1882 and a brick dwelling house erected.)- 
 Alex. McDonell's inn and Sheriff McDonell's dwelling house 
 were on the north end of the same lot, fronting Pitt street. 
 Dr. Noah Dickinson's house stood on the south-east corner of 
 No. 16. There was a house on lot 18, one on lot 19, and one 
 or two further west. 
 
 On Fourth street, there were very few buildings. The 
 house erected by Alexander Wilkinson is still standing on lot. 
 15, on the north side. The old Roman Catholic Church, then 
 unfinished, stood on lot 17, on the north side. There was a 
 small house on lot 17 or 18, on the south side, which was used 
 as a temporary gaol from 1826 until 1833. There was an old 
 building on lot 21, on the south side, and another, occupied 
 by the mother of the well-known John Baker and her family,, 
 stood on lot 22, on the south side. 
 
 On Pitt street, north of Fourth street, there were a few 
 houses, of which there are still standing one on the north-east 
 corner of 16, south of Eighth, and one on the north-east 
 corner of 16, south of Ninth. 
 
 There were very few buildings on any of the lots east 
 and west of Pitt street and north of Fourth. The greater- 
 number of these lots were an open common for some years 
 .subsequent to 1826 ; very few of them were bought from the 
 Government until about 1840 or 1841. 
 
 For several years before and after 1825, the four blocks 
 (i. e., twenty-four lots) — bounded on the south by Second 
 street, on the north by Fourth street, on the east by Adolphus 
 street, and on the west by Sidney street — were used as a race- 
 course. The streets bounding them formed a track of about a 
 
Old Eastern District. Zj 
 
 mile in length, and the only buildings to obstruct the view 
 were the school-house on lot lo, the unfinished house on lot 9, 
 Palin's house on lot 8, north of Second street, and McConnell's 
 house on lot 7, south of Third street. The starting post was 
 opposite lot 7 ; the winning post and judge's stand were on 
 lot II, north of Second sti'eet'; near them was the grand 
 stand for such of the spectators as chose to pay for admission.. 
 The races were held annually for some years, but were finally 
 given up ; the interest in them died out, very few people cared 
 to subscribe for the necessary funds, and still fewer cared to- 
 incur the expense of keeping up horses for racing purposes. 
 
 The aggregate of the assessment rolls for 1 826 shows that 
 142 town lots were assessed. As some lots were assessed that 
 were not built upon, the total number of houses at that time 
 could not have been much more than one hundred. 
 
 In 1834, the town was incorporated, and the population 
 having come up to 1,000, it became entitled to elect a repres- 
 entative in the Provincial House of Assembly. At the elec- 
 tion held in that year, Archibald McLean, who had repres- 
 ented the county for several years, was elected member for the 
 town by acclamation. He served until 1836, when the House 
 having been dissolved, a new election was held. Mr. Mc- 
 Lean was returned for the county, and George S. Jarvis for 
 the town. * 
 
 The year 1 834 was an eventful one in the annals of the 
 town. In addition to the incorporation and the right to elect 
 a member, the construction of the Cornwall canal was begun. 
 This caused a considerable increase in the population, added 
 to the value of property, and led to the .erection of many new 
 buildings. The lots 15, north side of First street, and 15, 
 south side of Second street, belonging to the congregation of 
 St. John's Church, were dividednnto building lots, which were 
 let without difficulty at a ground rent of a dollar a foot, (front- 
 
 •The election for the county and town were not Jield on the same day ; that 
 for the county was held first. Mr. McLean was defeated in the county, and 
 returned for the town. 
 
88 Lunenburgh, or the 
 
 age), then considered a very good rental. In a few months 
 the lessees put up buildings on their respective lots, other 
 buildings were erected in the vicinity of the works, and the 
 town assumed a more prosperous and business-like appearance. 
 From that date it increased steadily though' slowly, the 
 population in 1846 having increased to 1,600. The wooden 
 buildings on the St. John's Church property were all pulled 
 down at the expiration of the first terni of the leases, and brick 
 ones erected in their stead. These were considered very good 
 thirty years ago, but are now plain and commonplace in com- 
 parison with the handsome blocks put up in the last three or 
 four years along Pitt street. 
 
Old Eastern District. 89- 
 
 CHAPTER XIV. 
 
 It would amaze many of the present generation if they 
 could see the mode of life of the settlers one hundred years- 
 ago. There is very little in modern days that can give an 
 idea of it. The only knowledge that can be got now on the 
 subject must be derived from the few sources of information,, 
 traditionary or written, that have come down to our times. 
 
 The first thing the settler had to provide was shelter ; 
 after this was obtained, as already stated, the next thing to^ 
 be done was to provide means of living. One of the neces- 
 saries of life was not wanting. If provisions were scarce, fuel 
 was abundant. Each tree of the forest was an enemy to be* 
 attacked and got rid of as soon as possible. If it was not fit 
 for making square timber it was burned, as it could not be- 
 sold except as timber or ashes. The more wood a man could 
 burn, the larger would be the space of cleared land for culti- 
 vation, and the greater would be the quantity of ashes for sale 
 to the potash manufacturer. 
 
 The fire-places in the primitive houses were large and 
 amply supplied with wood, the making up of a fire was no- 
 small labour. A log at least six feet in length, and 12 or 14- 
 inches in diameter, was rolled into the back of the fire place.- 
 The coals of fire and the unburned ends of sticks that had 
 been pushed to one side as the back log was pushed or rolled 
 into its place, were raked forward and put together in front of 
 it ; several sticks as long as the back log, but not so thick,; 
 were placed over them, and a fire was made with a quantity 
 of fuel that would last a modern family a week. At night the 
 embers were carefully covered with ashes to keep live coals 
 so that the fire could be easily started in the morning., 
 If the coals had all died out in the night, the fire: 
 
"90 Lumnburgh, or the 
 
 could be started only by using the flint, steel and 
 tinder, or by getting burning coals from a neighbour. 
 Matches were not known in those days, nor for 
 nearly forty years later.* The author first saw matches about 
 1823 or 1824; they were in one compartment of a tin box, 
 another compartment held a phial containing phosphorous, 
 a third had a taper. The matches coated on one end with 
 sulphur, were lighted by being dipped into the phosphorous. 
 This box of matches was shown as a great curiosity, until one 
 nervous individual, startled by the sudden flash of fire from 
 the phial, dropped the lighted match among the rest and 
 burned them all. 
 
 Cooking was done by the open fire, the pots for boiling 
 were hung by pot hooks to an iron crane fitted into the chim- 
 ney in such a way that it would swing in or out. Joints for 
 roasting were put on a spit so arranged that it could be turned 
 while the meat was at the fire ; sometimes the roast was sus- 
 pended by a string. Baking was done in a brick or stone 
 oven built beside the fire-place, or in some cases outside of 
 the house. Cooking stoves were not known in the old days. 
 The stoves used were large box stoves made at Three Rivers. 
 Some of them had an oven on the top, in which some cooking 
 might be done, or at any rate, plates and other things could 
 be kept warm. The Three Rivers stoves were made of good 
 metal, the plates were thick and retained the heat for a long 
 time even in the coldest nights. None of the houses of the 
 olden time had any of the modern appliances for keeping out 
 the cold blasts of winter ; there were neither double doors nor 
 double windows. 
 
 The first house in Cornwall that was supplied with double 
 windows was that of Guy C. Wood,")* in which they were placed 
 in 1830. The need of them was not so much felt then as it is 
 now, firewood was abundant and cheap, those of the towns- 
 
 * Carrying fire from a neighbours had to be clone in a hurry, so it was usual to 
 :say to one who made a hurried visit : "Why you must have come -for fire." 
 + On lot 14, north side of First street. 
 
Old Eastern District, 91 
 
 people who had bush lots got it for the cutting and drawing, 
 the rest could buy it for sixty or eighty cents a cord, and get 
 a man at fifty cents a day to cut it. In those days a cord of 
 -wood was much nearer its proper dimensions than it is at the 
 present time. " The light of other days," so far as artificial 
 illumination was concerned, was not brilliant. Gas had not 
 been discovered, and if it had, the inhabitants of upper Can- 
 adian forests could not have used it. Coal oil was unknown, 
 no one having as yet " struck ile." The people had to content 
 themselves with tallow candles, sometimes in the form of 
 "" moulds," but most frequently in that of " dips." The for- 
 mer could be more easily made, the latter were more durable. 
 The making of candles was part of the house-wife's autumn 
 work. If dips were to be made a number of small sticks 
 -were prepared, on each one were hung several wicks of cotton 
 yarn, the tallow was melted in a large iron pot at the open 
 iire, into it the wicks suspended on the rods were dipped ; as 
 ■each set of wicks was taken, out of the tallow, the stick from 
 -which they were suspended was placed on a small frame so 
 that the coating of tallow taken by each wick might harden ; 
 by the time the last of a dozen sets of wicks had been dipped, 
 the first was sufficiently hardened to be dipped again, and so 
 the process went on until all the wicks had taken up a suf- 
 ficient quantity of tallow. The mould candles were made in 
 a tin frame, having moulds for six or a dozen candles. The 
 wicks were drawn through the tin moulds and properly 
 isecured at each end, and the tallow was poured in and set to 
 cool. Two candles at the utmost were considered enough for 
 a party of four or five to work or read by ; as the candles had 
 .to be snuffed about every five minutes, a pair of snuffers and 
 a tray were considered necessary in polite society — some per- 
 sons dispensed with these articles of table furniture and 
 snuffed the candle with a pair of scissors or with the fingers. 
 There was not much opportunity for extravagance in dress, 
 home-made cloths and woollens were the ordinary wear of the 
 majority both of men and women. Sometimes on state occa- 
 
92 Lunenburgh, or the 
 
 sions, those who could manage to do so appeared in clothing: 
 of more fashionable material ; some of the women in silks,, 
 some of the men in broad-cloth, of whoever colour suited the 
 taste of the wearer, the black dress suit not being prescribed' 
 by the rigid laws of fashion.* When the farmer kept sheep, the- 
 women of the family attended to the carding and spinning of 
 the wool. Some used a large spinning wheel which was set in' 
 motion by the hand, the spinner walking backwards and for- 
 wards with the thread while the wheel was turning. Others 
 used the small wheel, turning it with the foot and sitting- 
 cosily by the fire while they spun through the long winter 
 evenings. The yarn was handed over to the weaver, who^ 
 with a hand-loom wove it into cloth or blankets ; the cloth was 
 made into garments sometimes by the tailor, sometimes by the- 
 guid wife and her daughters. Fortunately the men were not 
 particular as to fit so long as comfort and durability were se- 
 cured. The knitting of stockings and mittens was another of 
 the winter evening employments generally attended to by the 
 oldest woman of the family. 
 
 The men who attended to their farms had few idle 
 moments either in summer or winter ; seed time and harvest 
 kept them busy, and the short days of autumn and winter 
 were fully occupied in threshing the grain, taking it to the 
 mill or market, and getting out firewood and fence timber for 
 the coming summer. There were no machines then for plant- 
 ing or sowing, no mowers or reapers to lighten the work of 
 harvest, and no machinery to do the threshing in a few days.. 
 The farmer had to cut the grass with the scythe and reap his. 
 grain with the sickle. The raking had to be done by hand. 
 In winter, from day-light to dark, the regular beat of the flail 
 would be heard on the barn floor, as the grain was threshed out,, 
 varied by the whir of the fanning mill separating the grain 
 from the chaff. With all the labour there was not a little, 
 gaiety and social enjoyment. In the country there were husk- 
 
 " As late as fifty years ago, a dress coat of blue cloth -with white satin skirt 
 lining and embossed gilt buttons was considered quite correct. 
 
Old Eastern District. 93 
 
 ing, quilting and apple paring bees, at which the young folks 
 gathered, flirted and made love just as satisfactorily as in the 
 present enlightened age. Work was by no means the sole 
 object of the bee. After a reasonable devotion to duty, the 
 room was cleared, the fiddler brought in, and the evening wound 
 up with a dance. There were no round dances, there was not 
 even the quadrille, but " hornpipes, jigs, strathspeys and reels, 
 put life and metal in their heels." These with the old country 
 dance satisfied our ancestors, and gave as much enjoyment as 
 the present style can. The music was not of the best, but it 
 answered the purpose, and the people were not critical. The 
 author recollects apne Ist:"'*^ ';.r\ggrp. fiddler, known as " Black 
 Jim," who was the musician for the fashionable parties in 
 Cornwall less than sixty years ago. This worthy had learned 
 by ear six or seven tunes, not one of which did he play cor- 
 rectly or in proper time, even when sober ; and as he gener- 
 ally got. very drunk about the " wee sma' hours ayont the 
 twal," , the dancers had to wait for a while until he became 
 comparatively restored to consciousness, or to press some 
 amateur into the service. 
 
 The iiddle was the principal musical instrument. Some 
 people gave utterance to their musical fancies on the jews- 
 harp, and amone" our Scottish compatriots the bag-pipe, that 
 " auncient instrument o' great melody," not only gave life and 
 vigour to the dancers, but on more solemn occasions, "whustled 
 mony a braw lad to his grave." The piano was scarcely 
 known in this part of the country; there were three in the 
 town and one in the neighbourhood, small instruments with 
 spindle legs and wiry tone, generally very much out of tune. 
 
 For many years the trade in ashes was one of the greatest 
 importance to Canada. Ashes were the first saleable com- 
 modity, that the settler got from his clearing, and he could 
 get cash for them at a time when cash was a scarce article. 
 In the early days of the settlement, after the clearing had been 
 chopped came the logging bee, when thousands of feet of pine. 
 
94 Lunenburgh, or the 
 
 maple, oak and elm, were dragged into rough heaps and 
 burned. A newly burned clearing is a desolate looking scene, 
 but great heaps of white ashes were a welcome sight in the 
 ■eyes of the settler — there were in them the possibility of many 
 purchases of necessaries, that could not otherwise be procured. 
 Some of the settlers manufactured what was called black salts 
 for themselves, but generally speaking, some one who kept a 
 store set up a potash making establishment, which he ran in 
 connection with his other business, and purchased the a.shes 
 brought in by his neighbours, and the black salts made by 
 those who were not skilful enough or had not the means to 
 make potash. The potash fo'cWj^^^v?.? generally built on a 
 piece of waste land near a creek, the leach tubs were set in a 
 row on one side of the building. Those made in old days 
 were often built of bass-wood or cedar slabs, which were held 
 in place at the top by firm heavy timbers framed together, and 
 met in a log trough at the bottom. The filling of the leach 
 tubs was a matter of great importance, straw or brush was 
 placed at the bottom, on which was put a little quick lime 
 with the ashes above ; a plentiful supply of water was neces- 
 sary, as a quantity had to be poured into each tub daily. As 
 soon as the lye began to run it was gathered in buckets and 
 placed in the large iron kettles, which were built into brick or 
 stone arches, so that a good draught was given . for the fires 
 that had to be kept going beneath them day and night until 
 the lye was boiled sufficiently to be poured into the moulds 
 where it cooled and hardened. In the back concessions, one 
 may occasionally meet with a one-horse waggon with a 
 high box of rough boards of the colour of ashes. The horse 
 is old and lazy, though not uncommonly fat ; the driver, an old 
 ash coloured man, sits on the side of the box smoking a short 
 clay pipe — this is the gatherer of ashes. He does all his bar- 
 gaining with the women folks, for the ash heap is the good 
 wife's perquisite. 
 
 Irl the country many people make their own soap and use 
 their ashes to make lye for that purpose. 
 
Old Eastern District. 95 
 
 In 1862, there were exported from Canada 32,945 barrels 
 of pot-ash, and 10,176 barrels of pearl-ash, but of late years 
 new discoveries have shown that by a very simple process the 
 potash necessary for the making of soap can be obtained at a 
 much lower cost and of much better and purer quality, and 
 the old potash business, yielding to the stern law of the survival 
 'of the fittest, has almost disappeared.* 
 
 The lumber business appeared to be a very fascinating 
 one, many were engaged in it either as employers or as work- 
 men ; the labor was hard, the winter was spent in the woods 
 in cutting and hewing the timber, the spring in getting it 
 rafted and taken to Quebec, where the men were paid off, 
 and too frequently verified the saying about " earning their 
 money like horses and spending it like asses." Large profits 
 were made in favourable years, and were almost invariably 
 lost in unfavourable ones, which unfortunately were by far the 
 most numerous. Many persons made a good deal, but only 
 those kept it who had the determination to retire from the 
 business when well off Of course the lumbering helped 
 to clear the country, but it had a bad effect on agriculture, as 
 the men who were engaged in the work never attended pro- 
 perly to their farms. The farmers who remained at home and 
 worked steadily there, were the best off in the long run. Their 
 farms were better cultivated, yielded a better return, and be- 
 came more valuable year by year, while the owners escaped 
 the many excitements and temptations to which the shanty- 
 man was exposed. 
 
 Among other things that have passed away for ever, are the 
 elections of old days. The last one under the old system was 
 lield at Moulinette, in February or March, 1841. Under the 
 old regime, there was but one polling place for the county; 
 -every voter had to attend at that place if he wished to record 
 his vote. The proceedings began on the appointed day, which 
 -was generally a Monday, by the returning officer and the poll 
 
 * See an article in the Montreal "Witness," August, 1886. 
 
96 Lunenburgh, or the 
 
 clerk appearing on the hustings, accompanied by the candidates 
 and as many of their friends as could get room. The com- 
 mission was read by the returning officer, the candidates were, 
 duly proposed and seconded, a poll was demanded, the. 
 speeches were made to the free and independent electors who 
 assembled from all parts of the county, and the voting began 
 without any further delay, and was continued until Saturday 
 night. The voting was viva voce, not by ballot, and many 
 times in each day was the poll clerk asked to put on a slip of 
 paper the state of the poll, the announcement of which to the 
 people outside the hustings was greeted with cheers by those 
 whose favourite candidate was ahead, and with oaths loud and 
 deep by the losing party. Each candidate had his flag (al- 
 ways the Union Jack), and in Stormont and Glengarry his 
 piper. Each kept " open house," where his supporters wearied 
 with travelling, voting, shouting and quarrelling, could refresh, 
 themselves. There was abundance of cold beef or ham, bread 
 and cheese, rum, and in later days whiskey and beer. Some 
 refreshed so often that they became overpowered, and 
 some who had no votes patronized all the open houses until 
 they were ignominiously turned out, and " went to bed happy 
 and drunk in the street." A scene from one of the Stormont 
 elections, say that of 1834, will give a fair notion of a day's 
 proceedings. The hustings were erected on lot 11, on the 
 north side of Second street, in full view of the houses of two- 
 of the candidates, viz : that of Archd. McLean, on lot No. 8^ 
 south side of First street, and that of Dd. ^E. McDonell, on lot 
 No. 18, north side of Fourth steet. Each house was kept open 
 and had all the appliances supposed to be necessary for the 
 refreshment of the electors. From the hustings, one could see 
 the standard bearer come out of one of these houses, bearing 
 his flag and wiping his lips with the back of his hand. He 
 unfurled the flag and uttered a shout which brought out the- 
 piper, who after the preliminary skirl of the pipes, struck up 
 the candidates' favourite quick step* and marched off with the 
 
 *Dd. M. McDonell 's was the " Haughs of Cromdale." 
 
Old Eastern District. 97 
 
 bearer of the flag, followed by ten or a dozen men towards the 
 liustings. Up the party came, the piper playing loudly and 
 vigorously, the flag waving in the breeze, the 'men shouting, 
 and then, after all this flourish, there would come out of the 
 ■crowd one or two voters who, having given their votes, were 
 escorted back to the open house with the same parade and 
 noise, and were there duly " refreshed" after their labour. This 
 performance having been gone through on behalf of one can- 
 didate, a similar procession appeared from the open house of 
 the other. Sometimes a squabble would arise between the two 
 parties, but generally speaking each one made its way back to 
 its own quarters peaceably. The election would drag on in 
 this way from day to day, until all possible votes having been 
 polled, Saturday night brought it to a close. Then came the 
 declaration by. the returning officer of the result, and the chair- 
 ing of the successful candidates, an operation that required no 
 -small amount of faith and endurance on his part. 
 
 The chair was lashed to two stout poles, which were car- 
 ried on the shoulders of four of the most stalwart adherents of 
 the winning party, full of ardour for the cause, and sometimes 
 so full of " refreshments " that their legs were by no means as 
 steady as their principles. Sometimes the party chairing 
 their candidate met with some of the defeated party and a 
 row would ensue, but generally speaking, all passed off quietly. 
 The candidates, whether successful or unsuccessful, got safely 
 home, and so did their friends, and the county recovered from 
 its frolic. 
 
 The first elections in Upper Canada were held in 
 1792. It is said that at the first or second election for the 
 County of Stormont, the votes polled were more in number 
 than the whole population of the county, men, women and 
 children included. The only qualification required by a voter 
 at that time was a freehold in land, of the value of at least 
 forty shillings sterling a year ; it was not necessary that his 
 deed should be recorded or that he should have had it in his 
 possession for any specified time before the election. The 
 
98 Lunenburgh, or the 
 
 candidates are said to have taken advantage of this state of 
 the law, and to have made votes by the score. Each of them 
 had an agent stationed at the bay below Petite Pointe Maligne,. 
 to capture the crews of the batteaux coming up the river, and 
 to give each man of them a deed of a lot of land somewhere 
 in the county, which then extended to the Ottawa River. The 
 whole of them, captain and all, were then marched up to the 
 polling place to record theirvotes for the liberal minded can- 
 didate who had given them their deeds. Of course the newly 
 made voters were treated to meat and drink and sent on 
 their way rejoicing. One of the candidates was more shrewd 
 than the other. He got a supply of printed forms of deeds,, 
 and thus gained a great advantage over his opponent, as the 
 printed forms for a whole crew of six or seven men could be 
 filled up and executed before the other party could get more 
 than one deed written out. 
 
 The scarcity of mills in the early period of the settlement 
 has already been referred to. From the aggregate of the 
 assessment rolls for 181 5, it appears that the number of grist 
 mills in the three counties was thirteen, viz : one in Lancaster,, 
 five in Charlottenburg, three in Cornwall (township), two in 
 Osnabruck and two in Matilda. The number of saw mills in 
 the same year was fourteen, of which three were in Lancaster,, 
 three in Charlottenburg, four in Cornwall, three in Osnabruck, 
 and one in Matilda. All these mills were driven by water- 
 power. 
 
 If the appliances for providing bread for bodily susten- 
 ance were slowly developed, those for furnishing food for the 
 mind were equally tardy.* In 18 10, there were five news- 
 papers in Canada, all of which were published in Quebec or 
 Montreal. The " Gazette," " Mercury " and " Canadien," in 
 Quebec, and the " Gazette " and " Courant," in Montreal. A 
 few years later the publication of newspapers began in York 
 and Kingston. The official paper, "The Upper Canada. 
 
 * .Smith's Canada, past, present and future. 
 
Old Eastern District. 99, 
 
 Gazette," was for many years published as part of a weekly 
 general newspaper.* 
 
 About 1830, a printing press was brought to Cornwall^ 
 and a weekly paper, " The Cornwall Observer," was published 
 by W. W. VVyman, who after some years took John Carter in- 
 to partnership with him. The next paper was the " Free- 
 . holder," published weekly by Hy. Patterson. After some 
 •years the " Observer " was discontinued, and the " Constitu- 
 tional " took its place. Then came the " Economist " and then 
 the " Gazette," which was carried on for some time, but finally 
 came to an end. The " Reporter " was the next, and about 
 1882 the "News" made its appearance. The "News" and 
 "Reporter" were sold in 1885, and the "Standard" is now 
 published instead. Whether any of the publishers will attempt 
 a daily, is a question that none but the initiated can attempt 
 to answer. 
 
 The " Dundas Courier " has been published for some 
 years at Morrisburg, as has also the " Morrisburg Herald."' 
 The " Glengarrian " is published at Alexandria, the " St. Law- 
 rence News" at Iroquois, and the "Winchester Free Press" at: 
 West Winchester. 
 
 The author has not been able to get more than one list 
 of the prices current in the old days. It was published in the 
 York Almanac for 1824, and it gives the prices for the pre- 
 ceeding year as follows : " In the York markets, beef, two 
 pence a pound ; mutton, three pence to four pence ; veal,, three 
 pence to three pence half-penny ; pork, two pence ; tuirkeys,. 
 two shillings and six pence ; geese, one shilling and ten pence ;, 
 ducks, one shilling and ten pence a pair ; fowls, one shilling 
 and three pence a pair ; butter, seven pence a pound ; eggs,, 
 three pence to six pence a dozen ; flour from four to five dol- 
 lars a barrel." 
 
 The prices in the Eastern District were much the same 
 at that time. Butter was less, being sold from five pence to 
 
 *The Duke de Rochefoiicault states that in 1795 a newspaper was pub- 
 lished at Newark. See his narrative, post. 
 
lOO Lunenburgh, or the 
 
 six pence a pound. Firewood was cheap; it cost from seventy- 
 five cents to a dollar a cord, and about half a dollar a cord for 
 sawing and splitting. A labouring man could be hired at half 
 a dollar a day, but he had his dinner and glass of rum or 
 whiskey at twelve o'clock into the bargain. 
 
Old Eastern District. loi 
 
 CHAPTER XV. 
 
 In the early days of the settlement, travelling was 
 not a pleasure. The only roads were Indian trails through 
 the woods. The navigation of the river was dangerous, 
 obstructed as it was by rapids and unimproved by canals. 
 Only those men left home who were compelled to do 
 so. Some had to make the trip to Gananoque or the 
 Cedars, taking with them a small stock of grain to 
 be ground ; store-keepers had to make semi-annual trips to 
 Montreal to get their goods for the summer or winter's busi- 
 ness ; members of Parliament had to attend the meetings of 
 the House at York ; occasionally a lawyer went there to 
 attend to some important case ; the raftsmen (shantymen,* as 
 they were called) went to Quebec ; but the greater portion of 
 the people remained at home, and it was a common saying 
 that one who had been " once to church and twice to mill was 
 a traveller.'' 
 
 Smith, in his. topographical description of Upper Canada, 
 1799, says that " the inhabitants of late years have taken down 
 their grain with safety to the Montreal markets on rafts," and 
 recommends that mode for transporting both grain and pot- 
 ash. One hundred years ago the means of transport down 
 the river during the summer was by batteaux, Durham boats 
 or rafts, and up the river by the returning batteaux or Dur- 
 ham boats. The former were about thirty feet long, flat- 
 bottomed, and sharp at bow and stern ; the crew consisted of 
 a captain and five or six men, who pushed, or, as it was called, 
 "set" the boat up the stream with long, stout poles, shod 
 with iron. When the current was too strong for them to 
 make headway with the setting poles, some of the men would 
 
 * Chantier? 
 
I02 Ltmenburgh, or the 
 
 go on shore and tow the boat up with a rope, two at least 
 remaining on board to steer and keep her off the shore ; the 
 captain stood at the stern and steered with a large paddle. 
 Generally several batteaux would go together, the crews of all 
 joining to tow each boat up a strong current. Each batteau 
 had a moveable mast and a square sail. 
 
 The -Durham boats were somewhat larger than the bat- 
 teaux. The bow was round, the stern square. They were- 
 decked for some feet at the bow and stern, and had a narrow 
 gangway on each side, along which the men walked from bow 
 to stern when pushing the boat up the stream with their set- 
 ting poles. Each man on starting from the bow set the iron- 
 shod end of the pole firmly on the bottom of the river, put the 
 upper end of the pole against his shoulder, and stooping- down 
 almost to the deck, went towards the stern along the gang- 
 way, forcing the boat up the current. The noise made by the 
 clanking of the iron against the stones, as the poles were 
 drawn up again towards the bow, could be heard for a long 
 distance on a calm summer day. The Durham boat was 
 steered with a long rudder, had a stationary mast with main- 
 sail, jib and topsail, and was fitted with a slip keel or centre- 
 • board. 
 
 In summer all goods for places west of Montreal were 
 brought up in these boats from Lachine, to which they were 
 carted from the city. The head of the boat service was 
 Kingston, where the goods were transhipped into schooners 
 for transport up the lakes. After the introduction of steam 
 vessels Prescott became a transhipping port, and a large busi- 
 ness was done there. The trip from Lachine to Kingston 
 took several days. At night the boat's crew bivouacked on 
 the bank of the river, and cooked and ate their pea-soup and 
 pork, and slept in the open air. Small canals were made to 
 overcome the worst part of the rapids at the Cascades, Cedars 
 and Coteau ; * at other portions of them tow-paths were made, 
 
 * The canal at the Coteau ran through the grounds of the fort. See post 
 chapter on canals. 
 
Old Eastern District. 103-, 
 
 where horses or oxen could be used to tow up the boats. About 
 fifty years ago Adam Dixon made a small canal at the point of 
 Sheek's Island, opposite Milleroches, and another at his mill 
 at Moulinette, to improve the passage up the narrow channel 
 there. In going up the Long Sault and the rapids above, the 
 boats were towed by horses or oxen, the goods being unloaded 
 and carted up to the head of the Long Sault. When there 
 was an east wind the sails were hoisted and a quick run could 
 be made up Lakes St. Louis and St. Francis and through the 
 less rapid parts of the river, but as the west wind is the pre- 
 vailing one in the season of navigation, it was but seldom that 
 a • boat's crew could be relieved from the laborious work of 
 using the setting poles or the oars. 
 
 The run down the river was a much more pleasant affair. 
 The boats loaded almost to the water's edge with grain or 
 potash, floated easily down the stream, taking the south chan- 
 nel of the Long Sault in preference to the north, which was 
 considered very dangerous. The sails were hoisted and 
 advantage was taken of a favorable wind whenever it was 
 possible to do so. Very few accidents happened in running 
 the rapids, as the boatmen were steady, bold and skilful, and 
 acquainted with every turn and change of the current. Masts, 
 spars and timber were brought down in rafts of large size, 
 made up of. several portions, technically called drams. When 
 running a rapid like the Long Sault, the drams were run down 
 separately and reunited at Smart's Bay, on the south side of 
 Cornwall Island. A short distance east of the channel south 
 of Barnhart's Island (down which the rafts or drams came) 
 lie Crab Island and shoal. The island was a ridge of stones-f- 
 near the south end of the shoal, which extended across one- 
 half or one-third of the river, leaving deep channels between 
 the ends of the shoal and the north and south banks of the 
 river. The raft channel was the one at the south end of the 
 shoal ; if that was missed by any error in steering, the dram 
 or raft ran on the crab shoal, and was delayed for many days 
 
 t In the last few years the island has disappeared, but the shoal remains. 
 
104 Ltmenburgh, or the 
 
 before it could be got off. There were very few days in the 
 rafting season that the shoal had not one or more rafts on it, 
 to the serious delay and injury of the owners. 
 
 In summer most persons going to Montreal took passage 
 •on a batteau in preference to going by land, the only other 
 mode of travelling. Before steamboats were placed on Lake 
 St. Francis, the traveller would have to wait at the river bank 
 until a batteau came in sight, when he would be paddled out 
 in a canoe to meet the boat ; a bargain was easily struck 
 with the captain, and the traveller made as comfortable as the 
 means at the disposal of the boat's crew would allow. Of 
 course there were no cabins, staterooms or berths, and the 
 wayfarer had to provide his own blankets and " grub." The 
 batteaux were invariably manned by French Canadians, and 
 it was pleasant to hear them singing some of the old Canadian 
 boat songs as their boats glided quietly down the stream on a 
 calpi summer evening. 
 
 In winter, goods were, conveyed by Canadian trains — 
 short sleighs, with solid runners. The shafts hung to the 
 bottom of the sleigh by a few links of iron chain, so that the 
 horse went in the centre of the road. Generally from six to ten 
 ox twelve trains went together, each drawn by one or two hardy 
 Canadian ponies that seemed to know and do their work with 
 very little driving. The men, dressed in blanket or etoffe du 
 pays, capotes and trousers, with sash begirt waist, feet shod 
 with beef moccasins, and the head covered with a bonnet rouge 
 or bleu, trudged along behind their loaded sleighs, occasionally 
 cracking their short-handled, long-lashed whips, or calling out 
 " March Done !" if a horse appeared to be forgetting his duty. 
 On one sleigh might be seen a potash kettle, on another a 
 crate of crockery or a few bales of goods. The weight of each 
 load was carefully adjusted to the proper amount ; if any 
 extra weight was put on, two horses harnessed tandem fashion 
 ■were used. 
 
 It was a troublesome matter if a sleigh met a brigade of 
 trains. Their drivers would not turn out for anyone, nor 
 
Old Eastern District. ^ 105, 
 
 would they give any assistance ; they rather appeared to 
 enjoy the fun, if the party meeting them got an upset. If 
 meeting a brigade was troublesome, overtaking one was ten 
 times worse ; the drivers would neither stop nor give an inch 
 of the road, and the unlucky travellers might be obliged to 
 follow at a walk for a long distance before a favorable place 
 for turning out and passing could be found. 
 
 On the return trip to Montreal, grain and potash were 
 brought down. Many of the trains, however, were empty, and 
 the drivers of several of them would get together in one and 
 let their horses jog on without any attention whatever. 
 
 In winter all travellers went by sleigh. In summer, as 
 vehicles were scarce and uncomfortable and roads bad, many 
 travelled on horseback. Those who were going up or down 
 the lakes generally took passage on a schooner. A letter,, 
 dated at Kingston on the 17th of June, 1804, written by 
 Robert I. D. Gray* to a relative at Cornwall, gives an account 
 of his journey from Cornwall to Kingston, on the way to 
 York. He says : " I came here to dinner on Friday, very well 
 but tired. Shaver's horses brought me to Howard's, or rather 
 five miles this side, to one Clowes, whose horses brought me 
 to Gananoque. I had a comfortable breakfast from Colonel 
 Stone, and with a fine wind sailed to Kingston. The accounts 
 of the road to York, and the impracticability of getting regu- 
 lar conveyances, delays me here. Had I left Cornwall on 
 Tuesday, I would now have been at York, as a vessel sailed a. 
 little before I arrived here-'l" 
 
 The ox cart and the lumber wagon were almost the only 
 wheeled vehicles in use. The latter was sometimes made a 
 little less rough by placing a pole on each side of the interior 
 of the box, long enough to reach from end to end ; the seats 
 
 * The first Solicitor-General of Upper Canada, and son of Colonel James 
 Gray, of Gray's Creek. 
 
 + In November, 1804, Mr. Gray, with the Judge and several others, sailed 
 from York on board the " Speedy," to attend the Court at Newcastle. The ves- 
 sel with all on board foundered in a storm when near her destination. 
 
io6 Lunenburgh, or the 
 
 were placed on these poles, which gave a little spring to them, 
 especially to that in the centre. Occasionally a gig would be 
 seen ; this was a two-wheeled carriage, the body of which 
 rested on two strong leather straps, and was fitted with a 
 cover similar to those now used for buggies. Small wagons 
 for one horse were sometimes fitted with leather straps, like 
 those used in the gigs, which made them much easier to ride 
 in. It is said that the first spring buggy made its appearance 
 in Glengarry about 1 840. A very few people had English 
 carriages ; they were heavy and not at all adapted to the 
 country roads. In 1825 the number of gigs in the three 
 counties was eleven ; there was the same number of wagons 
 kept for pleasure, and there was also one close carriage. 
 
 For more than a quarter of a century after the first set- 
 tlement of Upper Canada, nothing systematic was done to 
 facilitate travelling. In 1809 the first steamboat on Canadian 
 waters was launched, and ran between Montreal and Quebec. 
 She was named the "Accommodation." Her size was small — 
 75 feet keel — and her power could not have been great, as her 
 first voyage from Montreal took sixty-six hours, thirty of- 
 which she was at anchor. 
 
 In 1 812-13, Barnabas Dickenson, a native of Massa- 
 chusetts, came to Montreal and got the contract for the con- 
 veyance of mails, then carried on men's backs, from Montreal 
 westward. After the close of the war of 1812-14, he established 
 the first line of public conveyances for passengers, and the 
 mails by boats and coaches, between Montreal and Prescott* 
 
 In the spring of 1813 the steamboat " Swiftsure" was 
 launched in Montreal, to run between that city and Quebec. 
 She made the voyage in twenty-two hours. In 18 17 two 
 steamboats were. built — one at Prescott, to run between that 
 port and Kingston ; the other at Earnestown, to run on the 
 Bayof Quinte. On the i8th of April, 1820, the "Kingston 
 
 * Barnabas Dickenson moved to Cornwall about 1828, and died there of 
 •cholera in 1832. — [Representative Canadians, p. 238. 
 
Old Eastern District. 107 
 
 Chronicle" announced the arrival at that port of the steamboat 
 "" Dalhousie," built at Prescott, and stated that' " her engine 
 (of Canadian manufacture) being of twenty horse power, pro- 
 pels her at the rate of about seven miles an hour." Two or 
 three years later a horseboat began to run between Cornwall 
 and Coteau du Lac ; about 1824-25 a small steamboat was 
 put on the same route. The next steamboat was the " Nep- 
 tune," which ran between Cornwall and the Coteau from 1828 
 or 1829 until 1840, when the "Highlander," which was launch- 
 ed at the Coteau in the summer of 1839, took her place. On 
 the first or second trip of the "Neptune" an attempt was made 
 to run her up to the foot of the Long Sault rapids. All went 
 well until she got into the channel between Barnhart's Island 
 and the south shore, where she was caught in the strong chute 
 that sets across from the island, and narrowly escaped an up- 
 set. A steamboat began to run on Lake St. Louis, between 
 ILachine, Beauharnois and the Cascades, about the time that 
 the horseboat was started on Lake St. Francis. Dickenson's 
 line of stages ran between Montreal and Lachine, the Cas- 
 cades and Coteau du Lac, and Cornwall and Prescott, in con- 
 nection with the steamboats on Lakes St. Louis, St. Francis 
 ^nd Ontario. 
 
 The steamboats of the old days were very different from 
 those now in use. They had no saloons or cabins on deck for 
 passengers. The gentlemen's and ladies' cabins were both 
 below the deck, the latter being a small apartment at the stern 
 of the boat. On each side of these cabins were built berths 
 in tiers. The passengers' meals were served in the gentle- 
 men's cabin. The deck, covered in warm weather with an 
 awning, was a very pleasant place for lounging or walking on. 
 After a while the ladies' cabin was placed on deck, and the 
 deck which formed its roof was extended to the bow and 
 formed a delightful promenade. As the number of travellers 
 increased, more accommodation was required for them, and 
 was got by building a saloon on the promenade deck, with a 
 row of staterooms on each side. By these successive improve- 
 
io8 Lunenbmgh, or the 
 
 merits, the modern steamboat was evolved from the original 
 one. 
 
 The stage coach is no longer seen in this part of the: 
 country. It was strongly built, the carriage part of it adapted 
 to go through rough roads, if necessary. The body was closed 
 at the front and back, and covered with a stout roof The 
 sides were open, but protected by curtains that could be let 
 down if rain came on ; there was a door at each side, fitted' 
 with a sliding window that could be lowered or raised as the 
 weather was fine or stormy. There were three seats inside, 
 each of which was intended for three passengers ; those on 
 the front seat sat with their backs to the horses, those on the 
 back and middle seats faced them ; the back seat was the 
 most comfortable. Outside, there was the driver's seat, 
 and another immediately behind it on the roof ; each of 
 these would hold three persons. At the back of the coach, 
 body was the baggage rack for the trunks, which were tightly 
 strapped on and protected by a large leather apron. Lighter 
 articles of luggage were put on the roof, which was surrounded 
 by a light iron railing. The coach body, including the bag- 
 gage rack, was suspended on strong leather straps, which were- 
 stretched on the elaborate frame work of the carriage. The 
 whole affair was gaudily painted, and with its team of four 
 fine horses, with well polished harness, looked very attractive,, 
 and was by no means on unpleasant mode of travelling when 
 the roads were good and the weather fine. 
 
 Covered sleighs were used in winter, and in spring and 
 fall strong wagons without covers, built to stand bad roads- 
 and deep mud. A weary time it was for those who had to- 
 travel at these two seasons. A journey by stage wagon frorn 
 Cornwall to Montreal in April or November would take 
 twenty-four hours of steady ploughing through the mud, varied 
 occasionally by the wagon sticking fast in a mud-hole, and the 
 passengers being obliged to help the driver in prying it out 
 with fence rails. In summer the trip was very enjoyable. The 
 travellers started from Cornwall by the " Neptune " about five 
 
Old Eastern District. 109 
 
 o'clock in the morning. After a short stop at St. Regis and 
 Lancaster, and a pleasant run of about four hours down Lake 
 St. Francis, they landed at Coteau du Lac, where the stages, 
 each with its four good horses, were ready, to receive them. 
 The baggage being transferred from the boat to the stages and 
 firmly strapped on, the drive to the Cascades was begun. The 
 road was good though dusty, running nearly all the way close 
 to the river, so that a good view could be got of the rapids, of 
 the old fort at the Coteau, the Village of the Cedars, and of 
 the neat looking French cottages on the way. The sixteen 
 miles between Coteau du Lac and the Cascades were got 
 over in two or three hours. At the latter village the travellers 
 embarked on the Lac St. Louis boat,* touched at Beauhar- 
 nois, and got to Lachine about four in the afternoon ; there 
 they again took stage to drive to Montreal. The road from 
 Lachine was generally good, the only difficult part being the 
 long and steep hill at the Tanneries ; that safely passed, the 
 stages got to Montreal about six in the evening", the whole 
 journey taking about twelve or thirteen hours. The return 
 trip was made in about the same time. Good meals were 
 served on the boats, the charge for which was included in the 
 passage money. 
 
 Travellers going westward from Cornwall had a stage 
 drive of about fifty miles bet\\'een that place and Prescott, 
 where they got the lake boat. There was a change of horses 
 at the Williamsburg stage house, which stood a short dis- 
 tance west of Morrisburg. The best seats in fine weather 
 were those on the outside of the coach, as they commanded 
 a good view of the country on all sides. A traveller who could 
 make interest with the driver and get the seat beside him, 
 could get a good deal of information from him about lo- 
 calities and events on his part of the road. 
 
 The author has still a vivid recollection of his first jour- 
 ney from Cornwall to York. He started from Chesley's inn. 
 then the Cornwall stage house, about nine in the evening ot 
 
 * The Henv)' Brougham, I think. — Author. i 
 
no Lunenbiirgh, or the 
 
 the last Friday of Januaiy, 1833, in a stage waggon. There 
 was no snow on the ground, but the road being hard frozen 
 and smooth, good time was made, and he arrived at the 
 Kingston stage house between nine and ten on Saturday 
 night, where he remained until about seven in the morning of 
 the following Monday, when he started on the drive to York, 
 this time in a comfortable sleigh. He passed through Napa- 
 nee, Belleville, Trenton, Cobourg, Port Hope and other small 
 towns, travelling continuously day and night until he got to 
 Bett's inn, then the York stage house, on Wednesday evening. 
 The journey, not including the delay of at least thirty-four 
 hours at Kingston, took about eighty-six hours. How would 
 the present generation, who think twelve hours between Corn- 
 wall and Toronto rather slow, like to go back to the travel- 
 ling of the " good old days." 
 
 About 1830, the steamboat " Iroquois " began to run be- 
 tween Prescott and Dickinson's Landing.* She was a small 
 vessel, fitted with a stern-wheel. Her engine was not power- 
 ful enough, and she had no little difficulty in ascending the 
 Rapid Plat and the Galops. She was taken off the route in a 
 year or two and replaced by the " Dolphin," a larger and more 
 powerful boat, which easily stemmed the rapids. The use of 
 these boats did away with the long stage drives between 
 Prescott and the Landing, leaving only the twelve miles be- 
 tween the latter place and Cornwall. 
 
 The opening of the Cornwall canal, in 1842, did away 
 with the summer stage line between Cornwall and Dickinson's 
 Landing. That between Montreal and Lachine was not used 
 after the construction of the railway between those places ; and 
 that between the Cascades and Coteau du Lac was done away 
 with on the completion of the Beauharnois canal. The stages 
 were still used in winter, spriqg and autumn, until the opening 
 of the Grand Trunk Railway in 1855-56, when they disappear- 
 ed forever from this part of the country. 
 
 The river steamboats came down the south channel of 
 
 * So called after "Barnabas Dickinson.'' 
 
Old Eastern District. Ill 
 
 ■the Longue Sault for six years after the opening of the 
 Cornwall canal. It is said that the first steamboat that tried 
 the north channel was the " George Frederic," commanded by 
 Capt. Sawyer. The following account of her run through that 
 channel is copied from the "Cornwall Observer," of the istof 
 June, 1 848 : — 
 
 "The North Channel of the Long Sault." 
 
 " This channel was successfully navigated on the morning of the ist June, by 
 the steamer ' George Frederic,' commanded by Captain Sawyer, under the man- 
 agement and superintendence of Messrs. Adam Hanes and W. Hoople, of Dickin- 
 son's Landing. The boat left the Landing, at 7 u. m., and arrived at the 
 wharf, at Cornwall, after making the run of twelve miles with perfect ease and 
 safety in the space of twenty-five minutes." 
 
 " Messrs. A. Kezer and J.E.Dixson came down on her from the Landing, and 
 ■they together with the captain and pilots, appear convinced that this channel has 
 a great depth of water and is far preferable to that on the south side of Long Sault 
 Island for large steamers." 
 
 "The ' George Frederic ' is a new boat, about the size of the 'Henry 
 ■Gildersleeve. ' She drew at the time of making the passage, about five feet of 
 water, and came down the rapid under a full head of steam." 
 
 The example of the " George Frederick " was soon followed 
 ■ by the mail steamers, and a new charm was given to the pic- 
 turesque and exciting run down the St. Lawrence. 
 
 It has been already stated that for many years Kingston 
 was the head of the boat navigation. After steamers began to 
 run on Lake Ontario, *Prescott became the principal tran- 
 shipping port, a large business was done there, until the open- 
 ing of the Rideau canal diverted the carrying trade between 
 Montreal and Kingston from the St. Lawrence to the Ottawa 
 and Rideau. 
 
 The opening of the Cornwall canal put an end to the 
 transhipping at Prescott of such goods as were taken up the 
 
 * In April, 182 1, the firm of Jones & Van Slycke, advertised that they 
 were prepared to carry goods between Prescott, Ogdensburg and I,achine. The 
 members of the firm were Levi Sexton, C. A. Van Slycke, Samuel Crane and 
 A. Jones. 
 
 In the same year tenders were advertised for by the Naval and Military Au- 
 thorities, for the transporting of stores from Montreal to Lachine, and thence 
 to Kingston. N. Radige, Clerk ; Edward Price Coffin, Deputy Commissary 
 •General. 
 
112 Lunenbutgk, or the 
 
 St. Lawrence, and interfered to a great extent with the traffic 
 from Montreal by the Rideau canal. Before the opening of 
 the Cornwall canal there were several passenger steamers on 
 Lake Ontario, running between Prescott and Niagara. Those 
 in 1834 were the " William IV," the " Great Britain," the " St. 
 George," the " Cobour?," starting from Prescott, and the 
 "United States," starting from Ogdensburg. The passage 
 from Prescott to Niagara took three days, the return the same 
 length of time. The fare each way was £7..io.O, including 
 meals. 
 
 In 1853, the steamboats of the river line were the "New 
 Era," Capt. Parker ; " St. Lawrence," Capt. Howard ; " Ottawa," 
 Capt. Patterson ; " Lord Elgin," Capt. Farlinger. They ran 
 from Kingston to Montreal. 
 
 In 1834, a boat named the '' Rapid " was built to run be- 
 tween Prescott and the head of the Long Sault. She was con- 
 structed on what was called the " Burdon plan," that is two 
 long cigar shaped hulls, on which the deck, upper works, 
 engine, etc., were placed, and between which one large wheel 
 revolved. Her builders expected that she would stem the 
 rapids easily and outrun the other boats on that route. They 
 were bitterly disappointed. She went down to Dickinson's 
 Landing but never returned ; she totally failed to ascend the 
 current, and was run on an Island near Morrisburg, where she 
 was sold in November, 1834. 
 
 *In the " Magazine of American History" for July, 1880, 
 is published a journal written by Miss Ann Powell,-)- recording 
 the events of a tour from Montreal to Detroit in 1789. The 
 party, eighteen in number, left Montreal on the nth of May, 
 and reached Detroit a month later. The boat which carried 
 them was fitted up with an awning to protect them from the 
 weather. They travelled slowly, keeping close to the shore, 
 
 * .Sl'c ihe .Montreal '■ Witness" of August 16, 1880. 
 
 t Miss Powell was u sister of the Honorable William Dummer Powell, who 
 was appointed Judge and was sent to Detroit (then a British possession) in 1789. 
 He was Judge of the Court of King's Bench in Upper Canada in 1794. 
 
Old Eastern District. 1 1 3 
 
 and spending the nights on land in the homes of the hospit- 
 able Canadian habitans. The inconveniences which such 
 arrangements entailed formed a subject of much merriment. 
 Generally the only room in the house was cheerfully given up 
 to their accommodation, the family finding refuge in loft or 
 barn ; and when, as in most cases the room was small, it re- 
 quired no little ingenuity to stow them all away. At night 
 they always prepared the dinner for the next day, to be eaten 
 cold in the boat. 
 
 They were ten days in making the distance from Montreal 
 to Kingston, then four crossing Lake Ontario, and five days 
 on Lake Erie. Over the Falls of Niagara, but more particu- 
 larly the rapids, the writer goes into extacies of delight. At 
 Niagara they met the celebrated Indian Chief, Joseph Brant. 
 At Fort Erie the party had the good fortune to be present at 
 an Indian Council of the Six Nations, of which Red Jacket 
 was the delegate from the Senecas, then living on the site 
 where the City of Buffalo now stands. At the time of their 
 visit there was not a solitary white cabin in the vicinity. Miss 
 Powell describes the chiefs at their toilet : " They sat upon 
 the ground with the most profound gravity, dressing them- 
 -selves before a small looking-glass, showing themselves very 
 particular in fixing on their ornaments, and not a little whim- 
 sical. The women dressed with more simplicity than the 
 men, and as usual did all the manual labour." There were 
 over two hundred chiefs in all at the council. Each tribe 
 formed a circle under a tree, their faces towards each other. 
 They never changed their places, but sat or lay on the grass 
 as they liked. The speaker of each tribe stood with his back 
 against a tree. The old women walked one by one with great 
 solemnity and seated themselves behind the men ; they pre- 
 served a modest silence in the debates, though it seemed that 
 nothing was determined without their advice and approbation. 
 Of the Indian physique, the lady speaks in the most flattering 
 terms : " They are remarkably tall and finely made, and walk 
 with a degree of grace and dignity you have no idea of" 
 
114 Licnenburgh, or the 
 
 Pursuing their journey, the writer described the head of 
 Lake Erie and the entrance into the Detroit River as uncom- 
 monly beautiful. On landing, they were received with great 
 hospitality. The ladies of the place visited them in full dress, 
 though the weather was " boiling hot." " Fancy," said the 
 writer, " walking about when the thermometer is above 90. It 
 was as high as 96 the morning we returned our visits." Sev- 
 eral parties were made for them during their stay — a very 
 agreeable one to an island up the river, which proved very 
 pleasant. " The day was fine, the country cheerful, and the 
 band delightful.* We walked some time in the shady part of" 
 the island, and were then led to a bower, where the table was 
 spread for dinner. Everything here is on a grand scale. Do 
 not suppose we dined in an English arbour. This one was 
 made of forest trees that grew in a circle, and it was closed by 
 filling up the spaces with small trees and bushes which, being 
 fresh cut, you could not see where they were joined together, 
 and the bower was the whole height of the trees, though quite- 
 closed at the top. The band was placed without and played 
 while we were at dinner.'' 
 
 In Robert Gpurlay's " Statistical Account of Upper- 
 Canada" -[- is given a long extract from the travels of the 
 Duke de la Rochefoucault Liancourt through North America. 
 This extract refers to the Duke's sojourn in Upper Canada 
 and contains much that is interesting, and that the author 
 hopes will be acceptable to the readers of this work. The 
 Duke was one of the many Frenchmen of rank and station 
 who were ruined and driven from their native country by the 
 rebellion of 1789. He came to North America, and after 
 spending some time in the United States, crossed the Niagara 
 River to Fort Erie on the 20th of June, 1795. After viewing 
 the Falls, of which his description is far from conveying cor- 
 rect ideas, he thus proceeds : 
 
 * At that period Detroit was garrisoned by a British regiment. 
 + Vol. II, p. 127. 
 
Old Eastern District. 1 1 5 
 
 " The roads from Fort Erie to Newark * are tolerably- 
 open, and lie for the most part over a sandy ground, which 
 renders it more easy to keep them in repair. The frequent 
 passage to and fro in this part of the country does not destroy 
 them. Such commodities as are destined for the upper coun- 
 try are unshipped in Queenstown, and goods expedited from it 
 are embarked in this place. The different buildings construct- 
 ed three years ago consist of a tolerable inn, two or three good 
 store-houses, some small houses, a block house of stone, cover- 
 ed with iron, and barracks, which should be occupied by the 
 regiment of General Simcoe, but which are now unoccupied;, 
 the regiment being quartered in another pai't of the Province. 
 Mr. Hamilton, an opulent merchant, who is concerned in the 
 whole inland trade of this part of America, possesses in 
 Queenstown a very fine house in the English style ; he has 
 also a farm, a distillery and tan-yard. He is a member of the. 
 Legislature of Upper Canada. 
 
 " The portage was formerly on the other side of the river;. 
 but as this by virtue of the treaty falls under the American 
 dominion. Government has removed it hither. The whole 
 country is covered with oak, chestnut, and fine hickory trees,, 
 and such parts as are watered bear, in common with all other 
 parts of America, ash and maple trees. 
 
 " It was on this spot that M. de la Jouquiere, commis- 
 sioned by the French Court to secure the free navigation of 
 the lakes to French traders, formed his first settlements, which 
 by permission and under the protection of the Indian tribe of 
 Yonnowshouans (who with many other tribes have vanished 
 from this part of the globe), were afterwards transferred to 
 Niagara. 
 
 " I employed my long residence-f in Niagara to acquire 
 some knowledge of the territory, the attainment of which was 
 
 * Now Niagara. 
 
 + The Duke remained at Navy Hall as the guest of Governor Simcoe for 
 eighteen days. 
 
ii6 Limenburgh, or the 
 
 greatly facilitated by the generous openness of Governor 
 Simcoe. 
 
 " So late as in the year 1791 the administration of Upper 
 ■Canada was separated from that of Lower Canada. It for- 
 merly constituted a part of the Province of Quebec. The 
 administration of it was much the same as that of the English 
 Colonies, and depended entirely on the will and pleasure of 
 the Governor, yet was undoubtedly here conducted with still 
 more precaution, not only because Lord Dorchester by all 
 accounts is a man of a mild and just disposition, but also 
 because the lesson given by the United States will not prove 
 altogether fruitless. The British Parliament at the same time 
 when it divided these two tracts of the Province of Quebec 
 into Upper and Lower Canada, gave them a representative 
 form of government, which, though all the springs of the 
 machine are in the hands of the Governor-General, is framed 
 in such a manner that if this country should grow more popu- 
 lous, more opulent, and enlightened, it will not prove an 
 arduous task to rescue the management of public affairs from 
 this influence, which at present is very great, and in the actual 
 state of things perhaps absolutely necessary. 
 
 " The British possessions in North America are divided 
 into Upper and Lower Canada, New Brunswick and Nova 
 Scotia. Only the first two of these Provinces are governed 
 by the new constitution. The others are governed as in for- 
 mer times. 
 
 " The boundary between Upper and Lower Canada lies 
 about one hundred miles* above Montreal. The extent of 
 Upper Canada far exceeds that of Lower Canada, as the 
 ■western boundar}^ being undefined, it comprises all the known 
 and unknown countries extending as far as the Pacific or 
 Great Sea, and is bounded northwards by unknown countries. 
 The population of Lower Canada is estimated at about one 
 hundred and forty thousand souls, and that of Upper Canada 
 at thirty thousand ; but this estimate seems rather high. 
 
 * The Duke's information on this point is by no means correct. 
 
Old Eastern District. 1 1 7 
 
 " General Simcoe at first intended to make Newarl: tlie 
 chief town of his government, but since it has been decided 
 that Fort Niagara is to be given up,* he has been obliged to 
 alter his plans. He has since thought of York, situated on 
 the northern bank of Lake Ontario, nearly opposite to Nia- 
 gara. It is in this place he has quartered his regiment, and 
 he intends to move there himself when he shall withdraw from 
 the frontier. 
 
 " York, from its extent, security and situation, offers an 
 excellent road. The communication between Lake Ontario 
 and Lake Huron is facilitated by several rivers and small 
 lakes. The surrounding territory possesses a good soil, and 
 affords all possible means to improve the trade on the lake. 
 Even in a military point of view, its situation is very advan- 
 tageous. Yet Governor Simcoe seems to have relinquished 
 the idea of establishing his residence and the seat of govern- 
 ment at York. He- intends to remove them to the banks of a 
 river which is found in all maps under the name of De la 
 Trenche, and which he has named the Thames. It is his in- 
 tention to build his chief town, to which he has already given 
 the name of London, about two hundred miles -f- distant from 
 Lake St. Clair. 
 
 " It is asserted that all Canada, vast as is its extent, pro- 
 duces not the necessary corn for the consumption of its in- 
 habitants ; the troops are supplied with flour from London, 
 and with salt meat from Ireland. In General Simcoe's opinion, 
 Upper Canada is not only capable of satisfying the wants of 
 all its inhabitants, but also of becoming a granary for England, 
 and of creating a considerable trade by the exchange of this 
 necessary of life for other commodities. 
 
 " The corn trade is, in his judgment, preferable to the fur 
 trade, which appears to him at once unprofitable for Great 
 Britain and a means of oppression to Canada, inasmuch as it 
 throws the whole trade into the hands of a few companies, and 
 
 * Under the Treaty of 1797. 
 
 t Two hundred miles is either an error of the Duke's or a misprint. 
 
ii8 Ltmenburgh, or the 
 
 at the same time renders them masters of the commodities 
 which are imported from England in return. 
 
 " There is a considerable settlement of French families at 
 Detroit. The other settlements in Upper Canada consist of a 
 very considerable colony which stretches along the river from 
 Fort Erie to Newark ; in a few plantations on the creeks 
 which run into Lake Ontario from Newark up to its northern 
 point ; in an insignificant beginning of a settlement in York ; 
 and lastly in Kingston, extending along the banks of the 
 River St. Lawrence to the boundaries of Lower Canada, which 
 is the most populous of all. 
 
 " In his private life, Governor Simcoe is simple, plain and 
 obliging. He inhabits a small, miserable wooden house, which 
 formerly was occupied by the Commissaries, who resided here 
 on account of the navigation of the lake. His guard consists 
 of four soldiers, who every morning come from the fort and 
 return thither in the evening. He lives in 'a noble and hospit- 
 able manner, without pride ; his mind is enlightened, his 
 character mild and obliging ; he discourses with much good 
 sense on all subjects, but his favourite are his projects and 
 war, which seem to be the objects of his leading passions. 
 
 " Upper Canada pays no taxes, except a duty on wine 
 amounting to four pence a gallon on Madeira, and two pence on 
 other sorts of wine; and another of thirty-si:^^ shillings sterling a 
 year for a tavern license, which during the session of 1793 was 
 increased by twenty shillings Canadian currency (four dollars.) 
 The sum total of the public revenue amounts to nine hundred 
 pounds sterling, out of which are paid the salaries of the 
 Speaker of the House of Representatives, and of the Secre- 
 taries ; the remainder is destined to meet the expense which 
 local circumstances may require for the service and mainten- 
 ance of society. 
 
 " The Justices of the Peace determine in the Quarter 
 Sessions, as they do in England, the amount of the county 
 rates for the construction of public buildings, for the repair of 
 roads, and for the maintenance of the army. (The last item. 
 
Old Eastern District. 1 19. 
 
 is not yet known in Canada.) These rates are raised by means 
 of a capitation or poll-tax, assessed in proportion to the prob- 
 able amount of the property of the whole who are in the 
 district liable to contribute. The largest assessment on any 
 individual exceeds not four dollars. 
 
 "On the same principle is raised the pay of the members 
 of the Assembly, who on their return at the end of the session 
 deliver to the Justice of the Peace* of the district a certificate- 
 of the Speaker, proving the number of days they have been 
 present, and receive two dollars per day out of the money 
 raised for that purpose, including the days they have been 
 upon their journey. 
 
 " All the expenses of the civil and military administration 
 of Upper and Lower Canada are defrayed by England. The 
 sum total, including the political expenses or the money paid 
 to the Indians, though this forms an item- of the military ex- 
 penditure, amounts for Upper Canada to one hundred thou- 
 sand pounds sterling. Nearly two-thirds of this sum are paid, 
 to the Indians, including the pay of the agents and interpre- 
 ters. 
 
 " During our long residence at Navy Hall all the inhabit- 
 ants of an Indian village, of the Tuscarora nation, came to 
 congratulate the Governor on his late arrival at Navy Hall. 
 These Indians generally arrive in the morning in vessels from 
 the banks of the river which they inhabit. They were decked 
 out with uncommon care, covered with rags of every descrip- 
 tion, and adorned with horse hair and feathers of birds. In 
 their ears and noses they wore rings of the most varied forms 
 and colors. Some were dressed in European clothes, others, 
 wore laced hats, and some \vere naked, excepting the double 
 apron, and painted from head to foot. In general they prefer 
 the harshest colors, paint one leg white and the other black or 
 green, the body brown or yellow, the face full of red or black 
 spots, and their eyes different colors. In a word, they unite 
 in their decorations the utmost absurdity and harshness. 
 
 • Clerk of the Peace. 
 
I20 Lunenburgh, or the 
 
 " They are every one of them, painted in a different style, 
 and furnished \\ith a small looking glass, which they every 
 moment consult with as much attention as the most finished 
 coquette. They comb themselves again and again, and touch 
 up the colours which may have faded from prespiration or ex- 
 ercise. Many of them wear silver bracelets and chains round 
 their necks and arms. Some have a white shirt with long 
 sleeves, over their clothes, and this forms their most elegant 
 garment ; the major part wear as many silver buckles as they 
 can afford. In short, their appearance calls to recollection 
 the whimsical masks which throng the streets of Paris during 
 the carnival. It must however be confessed that their finery 
 in a great measure consists of things which they make them- 
 selves, of horses', buffaloes' or other hair, or of the bristles of 
 the hedge hog.* They twist ropes of the bark of trees, and 
 make laces of a species of herbs. Many of these articles 
 which they use to adorn their dress, their tobacco bags, their 
 scalping knives, garters and mockinsons, (a sort of shoe), are 
 made by the women, with a regularity, a skill, nay I may say 
 with a taste, seldom to be found in Europe. Their chief ex- 
 cellence consists in the great variety and richness of the 
 colours, which they generally extract from the roots of certain 
 herbs. 
 
 "The Indians danced and played among themselves. 
 Some of their dances are very expressive, and even graceful. 
 A mournful and monotonous ditty, sung by one and accom- 
 panied with a small drum, six inches high, and three in di- 
 ameter, forms all their music, except that frequently a stick is 
 added, with which a child beats the time. They dance around 
 the music, which they interrupt by loud shrieks. The hunt- 
 ing and war dances are more expressive, especially the latter. 
 It reprepresents the surprise of an enemy, who is killed and 
 scalped, and is performed by one person. The rest are hop- 
 ping about like monkeys, in a semi-circular figure, and watch, 
 with the utmost attention every movement of the dancer. 
 
 * Porcupine. 
 
Old Eastern District. 121 
 
 * 
 
 The moment when the enemy is supposed to have breathed 
 his last, a strong expression of joy .brightens every face, the 
 dancer raises a horrid howl, resumes his pantomime, and is 
 rewarded by universal shouts of applause. When the dance 
 was over they played at ball, a game at which they displayed 
 their agility to the greatest advantage. Every one had a 
 racket, the handle of which was three or four feet in length,, 
 and bent at the end, so that the racket has the form of a bow. 
 The pack thread in made of bark. They grasp the racket 
 with both hands, and run after the ball wherever they sec it,, 
 with the view of catching it, one before another. This ball is 
 frequently thrown to a considerable distance, in which case 
 they run after it all together, to catch it, either in the air, or on 
 the ground. No bush, no ditches, no barriers check their ar- 
 dour. They clear every thing, leap over every thing, and dis- 
 pla}' in this game, a versatility, swiftness and dexterity which 
 are truly striking."* 
 
 " During our residence at Navy Hall, the session of the 
 Legislature of Upper Canada was opened.-|- The Governor 
 had deferred it till that tim.e on account of the expected ar- 
 rival of a Chief Justice who was to come from England ; and 
 from a hope that he should be able to acquaint the members 
 with the particulars of the treaty «'ith the United States. But 
 the harvest has now begun, which in a higher degree than 
 elsewhere, engages in Canada the public attention far beyond 
 what State affairs can do. Two members of the Legislative 
 Council were present instead of seven ; no Chief Justice ap- 
 peared who was to act as Speaker ; instead of sixteen mem- 
 bers of the Assembly, five only attended, and this was the 
 whole number which could be collected at this time. The law 
 requires a greater number of members for each house to dis- 
 cuss and determine upon any business, but within Xwo days, a 
 year will ha\-e expired since last session. The Governor has 
 therefore thought it right to open the session, reserving how- 
 
 * The priniithe lacrosse. 
 t Sixth of July, 1795. 
 
122 Limenburgh, or the 
 
 « 
 
 ever to either House the right of prolonging the sittings from 
 one day to another, in expectation that the ships from King- 
 ston and Detroit will bring the members who are yet wanting, 
 or certain intelligence of their not being able to attend. The 
 whole retinue of the Governor consisted in a guard of 
 fifty men of the garrison of the for^ Dressed in silk, he en- 
 tered the hall with his hat on his head, attended by his adju- 
 tant and two secretaries. The two members of the Legisla- 
 tive Council gave by their Speaker, notice of it to the As- 
 sembly ; five members of the latter having appeared at the 
 bar, the Governor delivered a speech modelled after that of 
 the king, on the political affairs of Europe, on the treaty con- 
 cluded with the United S'".ates, and on the peculiar concerns 
 of Canada. 
 
 " Fort Niagara stands on the right bank of the river, on 
 ,a point opposite to that of Mississaga, on which Newark is 
 built. It was originally constructed by Mr. de la Jonquiere, 
 three miles nearer to the falls ; but was some years afterwards 
 transferred to the spot where it now stands, and where Mr. de 
 Denouville threw up an entrenchment. The fort, as well as 
 those of Oswego, Detroit, Miami and Michilimackinac are to 
 be surrendered to the Americans.* Thirty artillery men and 
 eight companies of the fifth regiment form the garrison. 
 
 " Some trifling excursions we made in the environs of the 
 city, and especially a tour of four days with the Governor, 
 along the banks of the lake, afforded us an opportunity of see- 
 ing the interior country. The chief purpose of this journey 
 was to reach the extremity of the lake. A boat made of the 
 bark of trees and designed for the Governor's excursion, con- 
 tained the whole company ; which consisted of the Governor, 
 Major Seward,t Mr. Pilkington,:^ us three,§ and Mr. Richard, 
 
 •All these forts were surrendered to the Americans in August, 1796, pur- 
 suant to the treaty of 1794. 
 
 + Of the 5th Regiment. 
 
 % Of the Royal Engineers. 
 
 § The Duke and his two companions. 
 
Old Eastern District. 123 
 
 a. young gentleman. Twelve chasseurs of the Governor's Reg- 
 iment rowed the boat, which was followed by another vessel, 
 carrying tents and provisions. We halted at noon to eat our 
 dinner, and in the evening to pitch our tents and sup. In the 
 morning we walked, then breakfasted, and set out to pursue 
 our journey. , 
 
 " Forty Mile Creek was one of the chief objects of our 
 town. The road from Forty Mile Creek to the extremity of 
 the lake, where we travelled on horseback, is one of the worst 
 we have hitherto seen in America. But for one finding now 
 and then trunks of trees in the swampy places,* we should 
 not have been able to disengage ourselves from the morass. 
 Along the road, which is fifteen miles in length, the soil is 
 good ; but we scarcely saw four plantations. At the very ex- 
 tremity of it, and on the most fruitful soil, there are but two 
 settlements. 
 
 " Land newly cleared, yields here, the first year twenty 
 bushels of corn. The soil is good, though not of the most ex- 
 cellent quality. They plough the land after it has produced 
 three or four crops, but not very deep, and never use manure. 
 The price of flour is twenty-two shillings per hundred pounds; 
 that of wheat, from seven to eight shillings a bushel. Labor- 
 ers are scarce and are paid at the rate of six shillings a day. 
 
 " The winter is here reckoned at five months and a half 
 Wheat and rye are sown in September ; oats, in May ; barley, 
 in June ; turnips, in July ; and potatoes in May. The hay 
 harvest falls between the lOth of June and the lothof July. 
 Rye is generally cut about the beginning of July, and wheat 
 in the latter days of the same month ; potatoes and turnips 
 are dug up in October and November. 
 
 " The taste for news is not by far so prevalent in Upper 
 Canada as in the United States. Only one newspaper is 
 printed in Newark, and but for the support granted by Gov- 
 ernment, not the fourth part of the expense of the proprietor 
 would be refunded by the sale of his papers. It is a short 
 
 • Corduroy Bridge. 
 
124 Lunenburgh, or the 
 
 abstract of the newspapers of New York and Albany, accom- 
 modated to the principles of the Governor, with an epitome of 
 the Quebec Gazette. In the front and back of the paper are 
 advertisements. It is a weekly paper. The newspaper press 
 also serves for printing the Acts of the Legislature, 
 and the notices and orders issued by the Governor ; and this 
 is its principal use. 
 
 " During our residence at Navy Hall, Messrs. Dupetit- 
 thouars and Guillemard took the opportunity of the return of 
 a gun-boat, and made an excursion to York. My friends in- 
 formed me on their return, that this town, which the Governor 
 had fixed upon as the capital of Upper Canada, before he 
 thought of building a capital upon the Thames, has a fine ex- 
 tensive road,i" detached from the lake by a neck of land 
 of unequal breadth, being in some places a mile, in others 
 only some six score yards broad ; that in the middle of it is a 
 shoal or sand bank, the narrows on each side of which may be 
 easily defended by works erected on the two points of land at 
 the entrance, where two block houses have already been con- 
 structed ; that this is two miles and a half long and a mile 
 wide, and that the elevation of the shore greatly facilitates its 
 defence by fortifications to be thrown up on the most conveni- 
 ent points. 
 
 " Governor Simcoe intends to make York the centre of 
 the naval force on Lake Ontario. Only four gunboats are at 
 present on the lake ; two of which are constantly employed in 
 transporting merchandise, the other two which alone are fit to 
 carry troops and guns, and have oars and sails, are lying un- 
 der shelter. 
 
 " There have not been more than twelve houses hitherto 
 built in York. They stand on the bay over the Don. 
 
 " Notwithstanding the navigation of this river, there is a 
 portage of thirty miles between York and Lake Simcoe, by 
 which the merchandise that comes from Lake Huron might 
 reach that place in a straight line. The barracks which are 
 
 * Meaning " Roadsted or Harbour." 
 
Old Eastern District. 125 
 
 occupied by the Governor's regiment, stand on the road,* two 
 miles from the town and near the \zke.. 
 
 " In a circumference of one hundred and fifty miles, the 
 Indians are the only neighbours of York. They belong 
 to the tribe of the Mississagus. 
 
 " After a residence of eighteen days at Navy Hall, we 
 took leave of the Governor on Friday, the loth of July. 
 
 " We embarked for Kingston on board the " Onondago," 
 one of the cutters which compose the naval force on the lake. 
 The cutter is pierced for twelve six-pounders, but carries only 
 six in time of peace. 
 
 " The wind was tolerably fair during our passage ; this is 
 generally accomplished in thirty-six hours, at times in sixteen, 
 but it took us forty-eight hours. Dead calms are frequent, 
 especially at this time of the year, and last sometimes five 
 days. Scarcely any motion was observable on the waters of 
 the lake. This passage, which is one hundred and fifty miles 
 long, offers no interesting objects ; the coast soon disappears 
 from your view, especially in hot weather, when the horizon is 
 clouded with vapours as when we sailed. Duck Islands 
 form, to speak generally, the only trifling danger on this pas- 
 sage ; no vessel ventures near the islands by night, except when 
 the ^veather is perfectly fair and clear. A more common and 
 real danger arises from the storms, which frequently on a sud- 
 den arise on the lake, render it even more boisterous than the 
 sea, and cause the ships to labour and strain more severely on 
 account of the shortness of the waves, bounded by the small 
 extent of the waters. The ships are then in constant danger 
 of being driven on shore, and would hardly be able to avoid 
 it if the storms lasted longer, but they generally continue only 
 a short time, especially in summer, and the clearing up of the 
 weather is as sudden as was the coming on of the storms. 
 They are only violent gales of wind, which in Autumn fre- 
 quently blow two days together, and succeed each other very 
 rapidly. Five or six years ago a ship was lost with every 
 
 * Harbour. I 
 
126 Lunenbmgh, or the 
 
 hand on board. From November until April the navigation 
 is entirely discontinued on the lake. 
 
 During our pa.ssage the weather was very warm and had 
 been so for the last eight or ten days. The mercury in Fah- 
 renheit's thermometer stood at Navy Hall frequently at 
 ninety-two, but on board the vessel, in the cabin, it was only 
 at sixty-four. It is less the intensity of the heat than its pe- 
 culiar nature, which renders it altogether intolerable ; it is 
 sultry and close, and more so by night than by day, when it 
 is sometimes freshened by a breeze, which is not the case in 
 the night ; the opening of the windows affords no relief ; you 
 do not perspire but feel oppressed ; you respire with difficulty ; 
 your sleep is interrupted and heavy ; and you rise more fa- 
 tigued than when you lay down to rest. 
 
 "We had a detachment of the- Fifth Regiment on board. 
 They dressed before we arrived at Kingston. Eight days be- 
 fore, we had seen the Indians painting their eyes with lamp- 
 black and red lead, and braiding their hair to fix in feathers 
 or horses manes, dyed red or blue. This day we saw Euro- 
 pean soldiers plastering their hair, or if they had none, their 
 heads, with a thick white mortar, which they laid on with a 
 brush, and afterwards raked like a garden bed, with an iron 
 comb, and then fastening on their head a piece of wood as 
 large as the palm of the hand, and shaped like the bottom of 
 an artichoke to make a cadogan, which they filled with the same 
 white mortar and raked in the same manner as the rest of the 
 head-dress.* 
 
 " When the Duck Islands were about twenty miles 
 astern of us, the lake grew more narrow and the number of 
 islands increased. On the left is Quinte bay, the banks of 
 which are said to be cultivated to a considerable extent. The 
 eye dwells with pleasure once more on cultivated ground. 
 
 •For many years before and after 1795, it was the fashion to powder the hair 
 and wear it tied in a long queue or pig-tail hanging down the back. No soldier 
 was considered properly dressed unless his hair was powdered and his queue pro- 
 perly arranged. The fashion was abolished in the army about 1809. 
 
Old Eastern District. 127 
 
 The houses He closer than in any of the new settled parts of 
 Upper Canada which we have hitherto traversed. In the back- 
 ;ground stands the city of Kingston, on the bay of the same 
 name, which the French in imitation of the Indians, called 
 'Cataraqiie. It consists of about one hundred and twenty or 
 •one hundred and thirty houses. None of the buildinp-s are dis- 
 tinguished by a more handsome appearance from the rest. 
 The only structure more conspicuous than the others, and in 
 front of which the English flag is hoisted, is the barracks, a 
 ;stone building, surrounded with pallisades. 
 
 " All the houses stand on the northern bank of the bay 
 which stretched a mile further into the country. On the 
 southern bank are the buildings belonging to the naval force, 
 the wharfs and the habitations of all the persons who belong 
 to that department. The King's ships lie at anchor near 
 these buildings, and consequently have a harbour and road 
 separate from the port for merchant men. 
 
 " Kingston considered as a town, is much inferior to New- 
 ark ; the number of houses is nearly equal in both. Kingston 
 may contain a few more buildings, but they are neither so 
 large nor so good as at Newark ; many of them are log houses, 
 and those which consist of joiners' work are badly constructed 
 and painted. But few new houses are built, no town hall, no 
 court house, and no prison have hitherto been constructed. 
 The houses of two or three merchants are conveniently situ- 
 ated for loading and unloading ships. Their trade consists 
 in peltry, which comes across the lake, and in provision from 
 Europe, with which they supply Upper Canada. The trade of 
 Kingston therefore is not very considerable. The merchant 
 ships are only three in number, and make but eleven voyages 
 in a year. Here arrive all the vessels which sail up the river 
 -of St. Lawrence. 
 
 " The barracks are constructed on the site of Fort Fron- 
 tenac, which was built by the French, and levelled by the 
 English. The latter built these barracks about six years ago. 
 During the American War their troops were constantly in 
 
128 Limenbiirgh, or the 
 
 motion, and in later times they were quartered in an island 
 which the French called Isle Aux Chevaux, (Goat Island), and 
 which the English have named ' Carleton,' after Lord Dor- 
 chester. At Cataraque were built by M. de Lasalle, the first 
 French ships which navigated the lake. 
 
 " Kingston is at present the chief town of the middle dis" 
 trict of Upper Canada, the most populous part of which is that 
 situated on Queen's* bay. This district not only produces the 
 corn requisite for its own consumption, but also exports yearly 
 about three or four thousand bushels. This grain, which in 
 winter is conveyed down the river on sledges, is bought by the 
 merchants, who pay its amount in such merchandise as the- 
 sellers may require. In the course of last year, one thousand 
 barrels of salt pork, of two hundred and eight pounds each>- 
 were sent from Kingston to Quebec. The price was eighteen 
 dollars per barrel. 
 
 " The process of clearing woodlands is here the same as 
 all over America. The husbandmen harrow the cleared 
 ground, two, three or four years successively, during which 
 time wheat is sown. Then they plough, but in a very imper- 
 fect manner, and sow peas and oats, and again wheat, and so- 
 on, according to the common routine. The land yields in this 
 state from twenty to thirty bushels an acre. Snow falls gen- 
 erally in the latter days of November, and remains on the 
 ground until the beginning of April. 
 
 " Labourers, whose common wages are from three to four 
 shillings, (Halifax currency), are paid during the harvest at the- 
 rate of one dollar or six shillings a day. Some farmers hire 
 Canadians for two or three months, to whom they pay seven 
 or eight dollars per month, and find them in victuals. 
 
 " The cattle are not subject to contagious distempers ; 
 they are numerous without being remarkably fine. The finest 
 oxen are procured from Connecticut at the price of seventy or 
 eighty dollars a yoke. Cows are brought either from the State 
 
 * Qiieic — "Quime." 
 
Old Eastern District. 129 
 
 ■of New York (and these are the finest), or from Lower Canada. 
 The former cost twenty, the latter fifteen dollars. 
 
 " There is no ready market at which a farmer can sell that 
 part of his cheese and butter which is not wanted for the use of 
 his family. 
 
 " The farmers make but little maple sugar, though the 
 "woods abound with trees from which it is procured. The In- 
 dians import two or three thousand pounds, and sell it to the 
 retail traders for one shilling a pound. Maple sugar is pre- 
 pared in much larger quantities in Lower Canada. The Cana- 
 dians eat it here on bread, or make cakes of it mixed with flour 
 of wheat or Indian corn. On the maple tree frequently grows 
 a sort of knobs, or fungusses, of a very large size. If these ex- 
 crecences be torn from the tree and dried in the sun, they form 
 an excellent tinder,* which the Indians and Canadians use to 
 light their pipes. 
 
 " The price of wheat is one dollar a bushel ; last year the 
 price was much lower, but it has risen from the general failure 
 of the harvest. Fire wood delivered in the town (Kingston) 
 costs one dollar a cord. 
 
 " The river freezes over at the distance of twenty miles 
 from Kingston. 
 
 " The price of land is from two shillings and sixpence to 
 one dollar per acre if the twentieth part be cleared. The price 
 rises in proportion to the number of acres cleared of wood. 
 Two hundred acres, one hundred and fifty of which were clear- 
 ed, were very lately sold for one thousand one hundred dollars. 
 The expense for cutting down all the large trees on an acre, 
 
 * This tinder or " punk " as it was called, together with the flint and steel was 
 a necessary article in every household, as well as in the outfit of ever)- smoker. It 
 was dried in thin flakes, was of a light brown colour, and though somewhat tough 
 and leathery was easily torn. When used a piece of it was placed under the flint 
 even with the edge of it, so as to catch the sparks struck l^y the steel ; it ignited 
 very easily, and burned with a steady dull glow, but never broke into flame. The 
 author has often seen it used in his young days, before the invention of the lucifer 
 match. 
 
130 Lunenburgh, or the 
 
 and enclosing it with a fence as rude as in the United States, 
 amounts to eight dollars." 
 
 The following information about the first employment of 
 steam navigation in Canada, and also on the Atlantic Ocean,. 
 between the American and European shores, was obtained 
 from Mr. Douglas Brymner, the able and efficient historical ar- 
 chivest of the Department of Agriculture, and was published 
 in the Empire in January, 1888. " Various more or less suc- 
 cessful attempts were made in the propulsion of vessels by 
 ■ steam before the close of last century, that of Miller, of Dal- 
 swinton, Taylor and Symington, being apparently the most 
 successful. In 1787 they made a series of experiments on 
 Dalswinton loch. In 1789 a larger boat was built which made 
 seven miles an hour, and in 1801 Symington built a boat for 
 Lord Dundas to tow vessels on the Frith of Clyde, which it 
 did for some time until it was withdrawn, owing to the danger 
 of injury to the banks of the canal. In 1807 Fulton launched 
 a steamer on the Hudson, the engines for which were import- 
 ed from the machine shops of Boulton and Watt, of Birming- 
 ham, England. In 1809 Mr. John Molson placed the " Accom- 
 modation" on the St. Lawrence between Montreal and Quebec, 
 and a year after built the " Swiftsure " for the same trade. 
 During the war of 1 8 1 2 they were used by the military author- 
 ities for bringing up men and stores. In June and July of 
 1 8 1 3 there were several references to the steamers in the cor- 
 respondence among the archives. Major-General de Rotten- 
 berg wrote from Montreal to Quebec (15 June, 1813,) asking 
 that sailors be sent up' by her to assist in destroying the Am- 
 erican fleet on Lake Champlain, There are other letters from 
 General Sheaffe, and Major-General Glasgow, in the same 
 volume, referring to the service by the steamers, and among 
 the volumes relating to the commissaries, it is stated that the 
 Messrs. Molson had a contract for carrying military stores. In 
 181 2 the "Comet" was built for Henry Bell at Greenock on the 
 Clyde, and plied for some years until sunk in a collision off 
 Kempack Point, when many lives were lost. This was the 
 
Old Eastern District. 131 
 
 first steamboat disas'^^er. In regard to ocean steamers on the 
 Atlantic, it is stated, and repeated in the encyclopedias, that 
 the " Savannah" steamed from Savannah, Georgia, to Liverpool, 
 in 1 8 19, but this has been incontestably disproved. She cross- 
 ed the Atlantic, it is true, but it was under sail, being a full- 
 rigged sailing vessel with steam machinery fitted up on board, 
 which was used for only a few days.* It is, I think, conclu- 
 sively established, that the " Royal William " was the first to 
 cross from this side under steam all the way. She was built 
 for the trade between Quebec and Halifax, and left Quebec for 
 Liverpool in 1833. The "Sirius" crossed in 1838 from Bristol, 
 England, to New York, also under steam. On the 4th of July, 
 1840, the "Britania," the first of the Cunard company's fleet, 
 left Liverpool for New York, and steamed all the way, the ser- 
 vice having been regularly maintained ever since. On the 6th 
 July, 1852, Messrs. McKean, McLarty & Co., of Liverpool, en- 
 tered into an agreement to run a line of steamers fortnightly 
 from Liverpool to Quebec in summer, and to Portland in 
 winter, and on the loth of May, 1853, the "Genova," the first 
 of the line, arrived at Quebec. The service, owing to various 
 causes, was not satisfactory, and the contract was abandoned, 
 the Messrs. Allan agreeing on the 29th day of September, 1855, 
 to perform the fortnightly service on the same terms as the 
 first contractors. It was agreed subsequently that the service 
 should be weekly, the first steamer under the new arrangement 
 arriving at Quebec in the spring of 1859, " Since then the ser- 
 vice has been regularly maintained, and there are now several 
 lines of steamers engaged in the carrying trade between Cana- 
 da and Europe." 
 
 * Her fuel « as pitch pine. 
 
132 Liinenburgh, or the 
 
 CHAPTER XVI. 
 
 For half a century after the first settlement of the town 
 it was assessed with the township of Cornwall, and the taxes 
 went into the general fund of the district, out of which very 
 small grants were occasionally made for the improvement of 
 streets and bridges in the town plot, the principal means of 
 carrying on local improvements being the statute labour of the 
 inhabitants expended within the town limits. This state of 
 affairs was put an end to in 1834. On the 6th day of iWarch 
 in that year the statute 4th, William IV, chapter 25, was passed 
 incorporating the town, dividing it into two wards (the first 
 comprising all east of Pitt street, the second all west of that 
 street), and authorizing the formation of a Board of Police, 
 consisting of five members, two to be elected for each 
 ward, the fifth to be chosen by these four at their 
 first meeting, or in case of their not agreeing^ 
 to be elected by the town. The five members 
 were to choose one of their number President. The first elec- 
 tion was held on the first Monday in April, 1834, when Philip 
 Vankoughnet and Martin Carman were returned for the first 
 ward, and John Chesley and Peter Chesley for the second. 
 The four elected members met on the 21st of April, and 
 imanimously chose Archibald McLean as the fifth member. 
 At their next meeting Mr. McLean was chosen President, 
 John Peckman, Clerk ; James Pringle, Treasurer, and Horace 
 Spencer, Surveyor of Streets and High Constable. At the 
 next meeting, held on the 7th of May, annual salaries were 
 fixed on a very moderate scale, viz : Clerk, ;£'i2;io.o; Trea- 
 surer, two and a half per cent, on money passing through his 
 hands ; Collector, four per cent, on money collected ; Street 
 Surveyor, ;£■ 1 0.0.0 ; High Constable, twenty-five per cent, of 
 all fines collected. 
 
Old Eastern District. 133 
 
 Rules and regulations were adopted for the good govern- 
 ment and welfare of the town, some of which were obeyed ; 
 some, strange to say, were disregarded. Among the latter 
 was the one forbidding the running at large of horses, oxen, 
 sheep and swine. Many years elapsed before piggy was de- 
 prived of hfs liberty and prevented from roaming at his own 
 sweet will through streets and vacant lots, searching out the 
 weak places in walls and fences, and destroying fields, gardens 
 and lawns. In fact, the pig had the same liberty then that up 
 •to the last year or two was enjoyed by that other useful 
 domestic animal, the cow, notwithstanding all laws and ordin- 
 ances to the contrary. 
 
 The town had been visited by that terrible epidemic, the 
 Asiatic cholera, in 1832, when several persons fell victims to 
 the disease. There was a second attack in 1834. The Board 
 ■oi Police took such precautions as were possible to prevent 
 the spreading of the disease, and the following gentlemen were 
 appointed to examine the premises of the towns-people and 
 cause the removal of nuisances, viz : Guy C. Wood, Alexander 
 McLean, Dr. Goodall, Donald McDonell, James Pringle, Wil-. 
 Ham Mattice, George S. Jarvis and R. Cline. The number of 
 ■deaths from cholera was not as great in 1834 as in 1832.* 
 
 The commencement of work on the Cornwall canal in 
 1834 caused a demand for building lots, in consequence of 
 which the Board of Police let several lots on Nos. 10 and 11, 
 north of Water street, at an annual rent of 2/6 a foot frontage. 
 A new weighing machine was bought at an expense of ^^30.0.0 
 and placed on the north-west corner of lot No. 18, south side 
 of Second street, where one bought by the magistrates several 
 years earlier had stood. 
 
 In May, 1835, the Board of Police advertised for tenders 
 for the laying of flag-stone sidewalks on some of the streets. 
 Up to this date sidewalks had not been made, except by some 
 
 * In the height of lite excitement and alarm, a little girl who had been sent to 
 Mr. Wood for a disenfectant, asked for " a poimd of cholera alarm. - " Plenty of 
 that everywhere, try chloride of lime,'' v\as Mr. ^^'ood's answer. 
 
134 Ltmenburgh, or the 
 
 private individuals on small portions of two streets. For many 
 years the only sidewalk was one made of small round stones 
 by Donald McAulay in front of his house on lot No. i6, north 
 side of Second street About 1830 Guy C. Wood had a side- 
 walk of flag-stones laid in front of his property, the east h&If 
 of lot 14, north side of First street, and William Gline had a 
 similar one made in front of the east half of lot 17, south side 
 of Second street, which was extended part of the way to the 
 west side of Pitt street. With these exceptions, there were no 
 sidewalks laid on any of the streets, and walking in spring or 
 fall was a matter of very great difficulty and discomfort, the 
 mud being often ankle deep, and in some places so bad that 
 people had to crawl along with their feet on the bottom boards 
 of the fence, and maintain a precarious balance by holding on 
 to the top boards with their hands. 
 
 One of the muddiest of streets as it appears now after a 
 heavy rain in April, will give a tolerably correct idea of the 
 state of the sidewalks in former days. The improvement pro- 
 posed to be made by the Board of Police gave great satisfac- 
 tion, but the work went on very slowly, and it was many years 
 before even the principal streets were attended to. The new 
 sidewalks were all made with flag-stones, and were in conse- 
 quence rough and unpleasant to walk on ; they were, however, 
 solid, and were a great advantage to pedestrians. One trouble 
 was that the people who came in on horseback from the coun- 
 try utilized the sidewalks as a roadway for their horses, until 
 a few heavy fines taught them that this sort of amusement was 
 expensive. 
 
 The first sidewalks laid down in 1835 were from the 
 south-east corner of lot 15, north of Second street, northward 
 to Third street ; from Mr. Mattice's corner to Mr. Cline's, and 
 from west of Mr. Cline's to the hay scales, that is, along the 
 south side of Second street, from Pitt street to Augustus 
 Street. 
 
 From the Post Office to the corner, that is along the front 
 of lot 13, north side of First street, and from Mr. Mattice's 
 
Old Eastern District. 135-, 
 
 corner to Hyne's tavern, that is on the west side of Pitt street, 
 along lot 16, south side of Second street. All these sidewalks 
 were about four feet wide, and cost fifteen shillings ($3.00), 
 a rod. 
 
 In 1838 some plank side-walks were laid down, one on the 
 north side of Second street, from Pitt street to the east line of 
 lot 7, and one on the south side of Second street, from York 
 street to the west of the town. 
 
 In the same year an attempt was made to establish a 
 market, on lots 10 and 1 1 north side Water street, and an or- 
 der was made that the old market house on them should be re- 
 repaired. 
 
 In 1840 there was a proposal to raise a loan of ;£^500-0-0 
 to build a market house. The loan was not raised, and no- 
 thing further was done about a market until the next year. 
 A fire company was formed in 1840 ; 
 
 Captain, ist Lieut., 2x0 Lieut., 
 
 (leo. McDonell. John ,S. McDonald. J. F. Pringle. 
 
 Braxchmen and Skrgeants, 
 
 Ranald McDonald and Richard Allen. 
 
 Engineers, 
 
 Thomas Palin and James Gillie. 
 
 FiRE.MEN, 
 
 I, 
 
 S. Mclnnis, 
 
 8, 
 
 Adam Di.\on, 
 
 2, 
 
 S. Cline, 
 
 9> 
 
 H. Spencer, 
 
 3> 
 
 J. \^'. Loucks, 
 
 10, 
 
 Wm. Smart, 
 
 4, 
 
 Dn. McDonell, 
 
 II, 
 
 Andrew Fulton, 
 
 5. 
 
 John Ross, 
 
 12, 
 
 Peter McDonell, 
 
 6, 
 
 Dunbar Pringle, 
 
 13= 
 
 John Lane, jun. 
 
 7, 
 
 A. JfcDonell, 
 
 14, 
 
 Albert Cheslcy, 
 
 
 Hook axi> Ladder : 
 
 Men, 
 
 I, 
 
 Geo, Snetsinger, 
 
 5> 
 
 Lev\is Carpenter 
 
 2, 
 
 Robert McMonagle, 
 
 6, 
 
 Geo. Robertson, 
 
 3> 
 
 H. Barnhart, 
 
 1: 
 
 , Jno. Snetsinger, 
 
 4, 
 
 Geo. Jackson, 
 
 8, 
 
 Wm. Knipe. 
 
 BUCKETMEN, 
 Alexander Forsyth and John Bell 
 
 In 1 841 the rent of the hay scales was ;^6. lo.o for the year. 
 The question of establishing a market came once more before 
 
136 Ltmenburgh, or the 
 
 the board. Several lots were offered for sale to the corporation, 
 among which were lot 12, north side of Seeond street, 
 at ;^200.o.o;* lot 12, south side of Second, at ^^250.0.0, 
 and lot 16, south side of Fourth street, at ;£'i 50.00. 
 The board did not decide on taking either of them, 
 but called a public meeting, at which lots 10 and li 
 north side of Water street, were proposed as the site 
 best adapted for the purpose. The majority of the meeting 
 rejected this proposal, and in 1842 lot 16, south side of Fourth 
 street was purchased. A petition was sent to the Honorable 
 H. H. Killaly in 1 842, for the purpose of getting a bridge con- 
 structed across the canal. 
 
 A market house was built at an expense of ^^lOO.O.O on lot 
 16, south side of Fourth street, and was occupied on the 1st 
 of Januarj', 1 843. 
 
 The revenue of the town for the year 1842 was ;£^304.4.6. 
 The school money was £S4.9.8j4- It is scarcely necessary to 
 say that the whole of the revenue was expended. 
 
 In 1844 a by-law was passed allowing hogs to run at 
 large provided they were decorated with yokes round their 
 necks and rings in their noses. 
 
 A new wharf was built at the bank of the river, opposite 
 to the canal bridge. There had been a wharf at the same place 
 almost from the time that a steamboat began to run. The first 
 wharf was made in the bay, about the foot of Pitt street, but 
 as it had to be of considerable length, and had to be renewed 
 ever)^ spring, that site was abandoned and the new wharf built 
 where the river wharf now is. 
 
 In 1845 the market rents were remitted and the stalls 
 were declared to be free for two years. An important move 
 was made in this year. The town applied to the board of works 
 to grant water privileges on the canal. After a little delay the 
 application was granted, and several privileges for mills were 
 located and sold by auction. Three on the south side of the 
 
 • This lot with the one adjoining it on the north, were sold in 1886 for $7,000. 
 
Old Eastern District. 137 
 
 canal were bought by x\ndrew Elliott, John Harvey, and A. E. 
 Cadwell. 
 
 The Board of Police elected in April, 1846, was the last 
 under the act of 1834. The members of this board were J. F. 
 Pringle and H. Pitts, for the west ward ; John York and Alex- 
 ander McCracken for the east, and Alexander McLean, presi- 
 dent. 
 
 This board continued in office until the beginning of 1847, 
 when the new act (passed in 1846) came into force. The first 
 councillors under it were for the East Ward, Alex. McLean 
 and Thos. Kennedy, for the Centre, William Mattice, Geo. Mc- 
 Donell and Samuel Hart, and for the West Donald McDonald 
 and Austin Edson Cadwell. The mayor was chosen by the 
 council, and George McDonell having been selected was the 
 first mayor of the town. 
 
 On the third of April, 1847, leave was given to the tele- 
 graph company to run their lines of telegraph wires through 
 the town. 
 
 In the summer of 1847 typhus fever was raging among 
 the immigrants -from Ireland. A quarantine station was es- 
 tablished by the government at Grosse Isle, below Quebec, 
 where all who were <"aken ill while on the voyage to 
 Quebec were detained. Of those who were allowed to pass 
 the Quarantine Station, some were attacked by the fever as 
 they proceeded on their way up the St. Lawrence. Many 
 were landed and attended to at the hospitals established in 
 Quebec and Montreal, and many were taken ill at different 
 ports west of the latter city. A hospital was established at 
 Cornwall, the site chosen for it was Petite Pointe Maligne, 
 south of the canal below the town. Here several temporary 
 buildings were put up, three 36 feet by 18, and one 
 60 feet by 18, for the sick, one 12 x 18 for con- 
 valescents, and one 12 feet square for the dead. Doc- 
 tors R. Macdonald and D. Bergin were appointed to attend 
 the sick, and were allowed ;^2.o.O a day each. Charles Poole 
 was appointed superintendent at 7/6 a day ; there were also- 
 
138 Ltmenburgh, or ike 
 
 two male attendants, one of whom received %y.oo, the other 
 $5.00 a week, and two female nurses who received 2 and 3 
 dollars a week respectively. The hospital was kept open from 
 the 14th June till the i8th of October. 234 patients were ad- 
 mitted, of whom 182 were discharged cured, and 52 died. 
 The expense incurred was ;if835.9.9, which was defrayed by the 
 government. The precautions taken by the board of health 
 were so effectual, that not a single case of fever occurred in the 
 town. 
 
 In 1849 there was another visitation of Asiatic cholera, by 
 no means so severe as those in 1832 and 1834. 
 
 In 1850 the statute 1 2 Victoria, chapter 81, came into force, 
 under which each of the three wards was to elect three coun- 
 cillors, who chose one of their number mayor. 
 
 The- first councillors elected under this Act were : 
 
 Thomas Kennedy, \ 
 
 Robert Atchison, - For the East Ward. 
 
 James Smart, ) 
 
 WilHam Mattice, \ 
 
 P. E. Adams, V For the Centre Ward. 
 
 D. W. McDonell, j 
 
 Dr. McDonell, \ 
 
 Vincent A. Annable, «■ For the West Ward. 
 
 Austin E. Cadwell, I 
 
 \^'illiam Mattice was chosen Mayor. 
 
 In 1852 the County Council put up a small brick building, 
 containing four rooms, each about 12 feet square, and four 
 small vaults for the offices of the Clerk of the Peace, Clerk of 
 the County Council, Treasurer and Registrar ; a second story 
 was added to the building at the expense of a few private in- 
 dividuals, and used as a lecture or assembly room. The Town 
 Council sometime afterwards endeavored to buy this upper 
 room for town purposes, but could not succeed. The building 
 being utterly inadequate to the purpose for which it was erect- 
 ed was pulled down in 1885, and the present one put up. 
 
 In 1853 proceedings were taken to raise a loan for the pur- 
 pose of making a macadamised road from the town to the front 
 
Old Eastern District. 139. 
 
 of Roxborough. A by-law authorising a loan of ^^'3,000.0.0 
 was submitted to the ratepayers and carried by a majority of 
 •one hundred, the yeas being 109, the nays 9. The sum of 
 ^3,000.0.0 was not more than enough to make the road from 
 the South end of Pitt street to Eamer's Corners, a distance of 
 about four miles. It was expected that the Townships of Corn- 
 wall and Roxborough would raise a sufficient sum to complete 
 the road ; they, however, did nothing to help the work on. 
 The Township of Cornwall actually opposed it. 
 
 In 1854 there was another visitation of Asiatic cholera. 
 Seven of the lockmen at the locks at the east end of the canal, 
 died of it in one night. There were several other deaths 
 (between thirty and forty) caused by the disease in the town, 
 .all of which were traceable to the place where the first cases 
 ^occurred. 
 
 In this year the construction of the Grand Trunk Railway 
 ivas began ; the work was pushed on rapidly. On the 17th 
 Sept., 1855, the road was opened from Montreal to Brockville, 
 .and in November, 1856, it was completed to Toronto.* 
 
 There was a good deal of difficulty in persuading the com- 
 pany to have the track brought to the rear of the town. The 
 line first decided on was nearly three miles further north. The 
 Town Council and the majority of the inhabitants remonstrat- 
 ed strongly against this arrangement, which would have been 
 very injurious to the interest of the town, and happily succeed- 
 ed in getting the location of the track changed to the line it is 
 now on. 
 
 In 1853 and '54, a survey of that part of the town north of 
 Fourth street was made and confirmed by Act of Parliament. 
 This survey was necessary, as some of the streets north of 
 Fourth were taken up by the owners of lots, and in one place, 
 at the east end of the town an owner had encroached so much 
 that his house, which he had built on the south side of the 
 street, as it was before the survey, was found to be on the north 
 
 * There was a grand gathering in Montreal, early in November, 1856, to 
 -celebrate the e\ent. 
 
140 Lunenburgh, or the 
 
 side when the street ^\'as put on the proper line after the 
 survey. The boundaries of this survey were marked by stone 
 monuments placed as follows : at the intersection of Pitt street 
 with Fourth, Fifth, Sixth, Seventh, Eighth and Ninth streets, at 
 the north-west angle of the intersection of Fourth and Marl- 
 borough streets, at the south-west angle of the intersection of 
 Fourth street with Gloucester, Adolphus, Amelia, Sidney, Au- 
 gustus, York and Bedford streets. The boundary at the north- 
 west angle of the intersection of Fourth and Bedford streets,, 
 being a mark cut on a large granite boulder. One at the north 
 east angle of Fourth and Cumberland streets, and one at the 
 south-east angle of the same streets, and two on the east side of 
 Cumberland street, at its intersection with each of the following, 
 streets, Fifth, Sixth, Seventh, Eighth and Ninth.* 
 
 In 1858 a gravel sidewalk was made on the east side of Pitt 
 street to the Grand Trunk Railway Station, which lasted for 
 several years. 
 
 In 1859 a new Municipal Act came into force, directing that 
 the mayor be elected by the town, and also authorizing the 
 election of a town reeve. Dr. Charles Rattray was the first 
 mayor, and D. E. Mclntyre the first reeve under the new 
 statute. 
 
 On Tuesday, the 28th day of August, i860. His Royal 
 Highness the Prince of Wales, with his suite, was received at the 
 railway station by the mayor and corporation, and the follow- 
 ing committee : The Rev. Dr. Patton, the Rev. Henry Davies> 
 Dr. Allen, and Messrs. Alex. McDougall, S. Finden, Alex. Bils- 
 land and L. Kendall, who presented an address. The Prince, 
 who was on his way from Montreal to Dickinson's Landing, 
 remained about half-an-hour at the Cornwall station, where 
 several thousand people had assembled to meet him and give 
 him a hearty welcome. He was met with equal enthusiasm at 
 Wales and Dickinson's Landing. 
 
 At Wales the ladies had made a carpet of maple leaves, on, 
 which he walked from the railway car to the carriage that took 
 
 * .See report to council, 21st July, 1876. 
 
Old Eastern District. 141 
 
 him to the Landing, where he embarked in one of the river 
 boats,* and went down the river to Montreal. 
 
 In 1862 and '6-^ the town hall was built, the lower part at 
 the south end being used as a market. 
 
 A drill shed was built, principally by private subscription in 
 the winter of 1863. It was erected on lot Xo. 11, X. S. Water 
 street; removed subsequently to lot 16, S. S. Fourth street, and 
 after standing for some years, was pulled down in 1885 or '86. 
 
 In 1 866 a good deal of excitement was caused by threats of 
 a fenian invasion. The three volunteer companies in the town 
 were called out in March, and a number of corps, including 
 some regular troops, were sent in from Montreal, Brockville, 
 Kingston, and other places, a garrison being kept in the town 
 until Xo\-ember, 1866. ' 
 
 In 1867 the erection of a woolen factory in or near the 
 town was spoken of and the question of granting a bonus to 
 the company was brought forward, public meetings were held, 
 speeches \\'ere made for and against the proposal, and an in- 
 formal vote taken, the result of which proved that the majority 
 of the townspeople -were in favor of giving assistance to those 
 engaged in the enterprise. The woolen mill was begun in that 
 year. It continued to \\'ork and employ a number of hands 
 until Christmas, 1870, when it was burned down. 
 
 In the year 1871, the Town Council pledged themselves to 
 aid woolen and cotton factories. 
 
 In 1873 a by-law for the granting of bonuses was carried 
 b\- a majority of fifty-two, and an act'was passed by the On- 
 tario Legislature, extending the limits of the town by adding 
 to it that part of lot Xo. 7, in the ist concession of the Town- 
 ship of Cornwall, lying between the highway (the Montreal 
 Road), and the river St. Lawrence, to enable the Town Council 
 to exempt the factories built in that quarter from taxation. 
 
 In 1874 a by-law was submitted to the ratepayers and 
 carried, the object of \\-hich was to raise a loan of $10,000 for 
 public improvements. The following terms were granted to 
 
 * " The Kingston '" I think. '■' 
 
142 Lunenhurgh, or the 
 
 the three factories, vis., to the Cornwall Woolen factory, to the 
 Canada Cotton Manufacturing Company, and to the Stormont 
 Manufacturing Company, each $400.00 a year for ten years. 
 The property of these companies was also exempted from tax- 
 ation for twenty-one years from the first of January, 1873. 
 
 The ratable property of the town was valued for assess- 
 ment at $667,300, and the expenditure for the year was esti- 
 mated at $10,850. 
 
 The bonds of the town were estimated at the following 
 rates on the dollar — at five years, 92 cents ; at 10 years, 85 
 cents ; at 15 years, TtYz cents. 
 
 In 1874 Wm. C. Allen was appointed Police Magistrate. 
 
 In Sep<-ember, 1874, a fire broke out in Martin & Crilly's 
 paper mill on the south side of the canal, which destroyed the 
 paper mill, the Stormont Cotton Manufacturing Company's 
 cotton factory and storehouse, and P. E. Adams' saw mill. 
 
 On the 26th of July, 1876, a wooden building on lot No, 
 15, south side of First street, took fire. The flames spread ra- 
 pidly, destroying three handsome brick stores called the Com- 
 mercial block, to the northward, and several wooden buildings 
 to the south. The town at that time had not an engine of 
 sufficient power to check the progress of the fire. Fortunately 
 there was a steam fire engine standing at the canal wharf, 
 which had been brought by the manufacturer for inspection 
 and sale. This was put in operation by the engineer of the 
 '■ Bohemian," and workec^ with such good effect that the fire 
 was prevented from crossing First street. The corporation 
 bought the engine a few days after. 
 
 In 1880, Angus Bethune became Police Magistrate, on 
 the resignation of Dr. Allen. 
 
 In 1882 the town hall was enlarged. An addition was put 
 at the north end, giving space enough in the lower storey for 
 the fire engine and hose reels, &c., and in the second story for 
 a stage with dressing rooms below it. The stage is fitted with 
 scenery, and the large room in front of it will seat seven or 
 eight hundred people. The improvement of the building cost 
 
Old Eastern District. 1 43 
 
 the town $13,000. Many persons thought that it would have 
 been better to have expended no more on the town hall than 
 was necessary to fit it for municipal purposes, and to have left 
 the work of providing a theatre for the amusement of the peo- 
 ple to a joint stock company that would have done it much 
 more satisfactorily. 
 
 A survey was proposed of that part of the town south of 
 Fourth street. The surveyor had a good deal of difficulty in 
 ascertaining the original boundaries. One post was found at the 
 south-east corner of lot No. i, north Water street ; one on the 
 corner of lot No. 12, north side of First street ; another at the 
 north-east corner of lot No. 16, on the south side of Second 
 street, and the boundary stone set up by the canal commission- 
 ers at the south-west corner of the town, was taken as fixing 
 that point. The survey was made, adopted by the Council, 
 and confirmed by the Provincial Legislature. 
 
 A by-law was passed prohibiting burials within the limits 
 of the town, and the purchase of ground for a public cemetery 
 was much talked of, but nothing- came of it. The burial by-law 
 was quietly suffered to go into oblivion, and a public cemetery, 
 though much needed, was not procured until 1888, when a joint 
 stock company was formed. 
 
 A gas company was formed in 1 882. In July a by-law was 
 passed allowing the company to lay the pipes along the streets 
 of the town, and in the fall of the year the street lamps were 
 lighted with gas instead of coal oil. 
 
 Tenders were accepted for the building of a market at the 
 price of $7,350. 
 
 The debt of the town was then $33, 500, without including 
 the cost of the proposed market, which amounted to about 
 $13,000 before it was completed. 
 
 In 1883 a by-law was adopted by the ratepayers to raise 
 $25,000 for the erection of a public school building. 
 
 The market building was finished and accepted, and sub- 
 sequently leased for $725.00 a year. It was used for a market 
 for two or three years, and was then lea.sed for manufacturing 
 
144 Lunenburgh, or the 
 
 purposes. Proposals were made for the construction of water- 
 works in the town, a very much needed improvement. No- 
 thing definite was accomplished at that time. 
 
 In January, 1884, there was a fire at the corner of Pitt and 
 Second streets, which destroyed the Commercial hotel and sev- 
 eral other buildings, and clearly demonstrated the absolute ne- 
 cessity of some means of extinguishing fires better fitted for the 
 purpose than the steam fire engine. 
 
 In 1885 an attempt was made to consolidate the floating 
 debt of the town, which was carried out in 1886 by the passing 
 of a bj'-law to raise $20,000 for that purpose. 
 
 In April of this year a fire occurred in the lower storey of 
 the town hall, which damaged the building a good deal, and 
 unfortunately caused the death of two prisoners confined in the 
 cells. The cause of the fire is unknown. The results might 
 have been much more disastrous than they were, for if the alarm 
 had been delayed for another quarter of an hour, the steam fire 
 engine and hose would have been destroyed, and there \\'ould 
 have been no means of saving the town hall or of preventing 
 the fire from spreading to other buildings. 
 
 In 1886, the construction of water-\\-orks was com- 
 menced, and was finished in 1887, and since that time the 
 supply of water has been abundant for all purposes. See post. 
 
 The town taxes began in 1 834, at one penny in the pound 
 In 1840, they rose to two pence; in 1846, to four pence; from 
 that time, though there were fluctuations, the tendency was to 
 rise, until at the present, 1886, they amount to 20 mills on the 
 dollar. 
 
 In 1842-43, the revenue of the town appears to have been 
 ;£'304.4.6. The school money amounted to ^54.9.8 ^<. 
 
 In 1888, the revenue amounted to $59,540.25, made up 
 from the following sources : — 
 
 Town Hall, $ 722 50 
 
 Licenses, 3,009 62 
 
 Ontario Bank Diseoiinls, 12,283 7o 
 
 nog Tav, 593 00 
 
Old Eastern District. I45 
 
 $13,289 
 
 93 
 
 1,800 
 
 00 
 
 300 
 
 00. 
 
 539 
 
 55 
 
 .38 
 
 43 
 
 30 
 
 00 
 
 346 
 
 00 
 
 399 
 
 96 
 
 144 
 
 00 
 
 "5 
 
 25 
 
 26,228 
 
 3' 
 
 fSidney Street, 
 Sewers, | Pitt " 
 
 [Albert 
 Fire, Light and Police, 
 Interest, 
 
 Wharfage and rent of 
 Public Schools, 
 .Market, 
 
 Public Property, 
 Miscellaneous, 
 I'axcs. 
 
 $ 59,540 25 
 
 The items of expenditure for the same year arc :- 
 
 Poor Relief, $ 639 64 
 
 Public Property, 
 Roads and Bridges, 
 Miscellaneous, 
 Salaries, 
 
 J'"ire, Light and Police, 
 Printing, 
 
 Sidney .Street Sewer, 
 
 Consolidated Debt Debentures, (ist Issue), 
 " " " (2nd Issue), 
 
 (Ontario Bank, Discount Amount, 
 Canada Cotton Compan\- Debentuies. 
 Public Sehool Building Debentures, 
 Town Hall Debentures, 
 Public School Building .Sinking Fund, 
 Public .Schools, 
 
 Market Debentures, (1st Issue), 
 Road Debentures, 
 Interest, 
 County Rates, 
 Board of Health, 
 
 Storraont Cotton Manufacturing Coy Debentures, 
 Market Debentures, (2nd Issue), 
 Albert Street Sewer, 
 Pitt .Street Sewer, 
 Ontario Bank, Overdrawn on 1st Jan., 
 
 Liabilities of the town for 1 888 
 
 Town Improvement and Road Deljentures, 
 
 1,092 59 
 
 
 2,763 85 
 
 
 1,546 96 
 
 
 3,792 70 
 
 
 3,294 92 
 
 
 179 17 
 
 
 i2,o8S 47 
 
 
 S75 00 
 
 
 1,600 68 
 
 
 15,559 37 
 
 
 697 50 
 
 
 1,500 00 
 
 
 910 00 
 
 
 1,680 00 
 
 
 1,088 00 
 
 
 520 00 
 
 
 180 00 
 
 
 62 05 
 
 
 1,019 79 
 
 
 3 40 
 
 
 902 50 
 
 
 520 00 
 
 
 300 00 
 
 
 1,050 25 
 
 
 2,772 73 
 
 
 $56,639 57 
 
 
 $ 3,000 
 
 00 
 
146 
 
 Lunenburgk, or the 
 
 Stormont Cotton Co., 
 
 9 Debentures of $500 each, paid 
 
 Town Indebtedness, (ist Consolidation), 
 8 Debentures of $500 each, paid, 
 
 Town Hall, 
 
 6 Debentures at $700 each, paid 
 
 I\Iarket, (1st Issue), 
 
 6 Debebentures at $400 each, paid. 
 
 Market, (2nd Issue), 
 
 5 Debentures of $400 each, paid. 
 
 Public School Building, 
 
 5 Payments to Sinking Fund, $840 each, 
 
 Canada Cotton Company, 
 Paid to date. 
 
 Town Indebtedness, (2nd Consolidation), 
 Amount paid to date. 
 
 Fly Creek Debentures, 
 Note Under Discount, Ontario Bank, 
 Sidney Street Sewer, Note Under Discount, 
 Albert Street Sewer, do do 
 
 Pitt Street Sewer, do do 
 
 do do do do 
 
 County Rates, 
 High School, 
 Public School, 
 Separate School, 
 
 $89,148 04 
 
 From 1864 to 1 871, both inclusive, the amount of taxes 
 levied, averaged $4,550 a year. 
 
 In 1873, they amounted to $ 6,473 7*^ 
 
 In 1874, " 11,272 00 
 
 In 1879, " 12,392 00 
 
 In 1882, " 15,434 00 
 
 The valuation of property for assessment 
 
 In 1876 amounted to $ 636,495 00 
 
 In 1884, " 1,070,925 00 
 
 $io,ocra 
 
 00 
 
 
 4,5°o 
 
 00 
 
 5,500 00 
 
 
 
 $10,000 
 
 00 
 
 
 4,000 
 
 00 
 
 6,000 00 
 
 $7,000 
 
 00 
 
 4,200 
 
 00 
 
 
 
 — 
 
 2,8eo 00 
 
 
 $4,000 
 
 00 
 
 
 2,400 
 
 00 
 
 1,600 00 
 
 $4,000 
 
 00 
 
 2,000 
 
 00 
 
 2,000 00 
 
 
 
 $25,000 
 
 00 
 
 
 4,200 
 
 00 
 
 20,800 00 
 
 8,000 
 
 00 
 
 2,153 
 
 00 
 
 5,847 00 
 
 $20,000 
 
 00 
 
 1,240 
 
 00 
 
 18,760 00 
 
 
 
 
 
 1,310 00 
 
 
 
 4,000 00 
 
 
 
 4,601 51 
 
 
 
 305 60 
 
 
 
 814 82 
 
 
 
 1,017 25 
 
 
 
 1,022 II 
 
 
 
 1,225 49 
 
 
 
 3,700 65 
 
 
 
 1,843 6' 
 
Old Eastern District. 
 
 H7 
 
 In 1886, amounted to $1,220,535 00 
 
 In 1888, " 1,458,000 00 
 
 The population in 1834, was a little over i,ooo; in 1873 
 it was 3,000 ; in 1876 it was 3,318 ; in 1878 it was 4,141 ; in 
 1886 it was returned at 5,170; and by the census taken in 
 May, 1889, it is given at 2,438 for the West ward, 2,428 for the 
 Centre ward, and 1,873 for the East ward, making 6,739 within 
 the town limits. If the population of the suburbs — Lorneville, 
 Beaconsfield, Gladstone, etc. — were added, the total would 
 exceed 10,000. 
 
 The following is a list of the Presidents of the Board of 
 Police, Mayors, Reeves, Deputy-Reeves, Clerks and Treas- 
 urers of the town : 
 
 Vear. 
 
 No. 
 
 rRESIDEXr. 
 
 Clerk. 
 
 Treasurer. 
 
 April 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 1834 
 
 I 
 
 Archd. McLean 
 
 John Peckman 
 
 James Pringle 
 
 1S35 
 
 2 
 
 Geo. S. Jarvis 
 
 D. \\'. B. McAiilay 
 
 
 do 
 
 1836 
 
 3 
 
 Geo. S. Jarvis 
 
 J. .S. Macdonald 
 
 
 do 
 
 1837 
 
 4 
 
 Robt. Cline 
 
 Geo. M. Crysler 
 
 W 
 
 m. M. Park 
 
 1838 
 
 5 
 
 Robt. Cline 
 
 J. F. Pringle 
 
 
 do 
 
 1839 
 
 6 
 
 Robt. Cline 
 
 John Peckman 
 
 
 do 
 
 1840 
 
 7 
 
 Geo. S. Jarvis 
 
 do 
 
 
 do 
 
 1841 
 
 8 
 
 J. S. Macdonald 
 
 James Loney 
 
 
 do 
 
 1842 
 
 9 
 
 Robt. Cline 
 
 John Blackwood 
 
 
 do 
 
 1843 
 
 10 
 
 Geo. McDonell 
 
 Archd. J. McDonell 
 
 
 do 
 
 1844 
 
 II 
 
 Rodk. McDonald 
 
 Chas. Poole 
 
 
 do 
 
 1845 
 
 12 
 
 Geo. McDonell 
 
 do 
 
 
 do 
 
 1846 
 
 13 
 
 Alex. McLean 
 
 do 
 
 
 do 
 
 The Thirteenth Board continued in office until January, 
 1847, when the second Act of Incorporation came into force, 
 under which seven Councillors were elected — two each for the 
 East and West wards, and three for the Centre ward. One of 
 the seven was chosen Mayor by the Council. 
 
 Year. Xo. Mayor. Clerk. Treasurer. 
 January 
 
 1847 14 Geo. McDonell C. Poole Wm. Park 
 
 1848 15 Chas. Rattray do do 
 
 1849 16 ^Ym. Mattice do do 
 
 By R.Vic. Chap. 81, each ward elected three Councillors, 
 who chose one of their number to be Mayor, 
 
148 Ltmenburgh, or the 
 
 Year. Xi . Mayor. Ci.krk. Trkasurer. 
 
 Clias. Poole 
 
 do 
 
 do 
 
 do 
 
 do 
 
 do 
 
 do 
 
 do 
 Jas. CliiU 
 
 In 1859, the Act came into force under which the Mayor 
 was elected by the town. 
 
 iS5(i 
 
 17 
 
 Will. .Mallice 
 
 1 85 1 
 
 18 
 
 do 
 
 1852 
 
 19 
 
 Andrew Elliolt 
 
 i8S3 
 
 20 
 
 do 
 
 1854 
 
 21 
 
 do 
 
 1855 
 
 22 
 
 J. F. I'ringle 
 
 1856 
 
 23 
 
 do 
 
 1857 
 
 24 
 
 Will. .Matticc 
 
 1858 
 
 25 
 
 Chas. Rattray 
 
 1859 
 
 26 
 
 Chas. Rattray 
 
 Jas. Clint 
 
 
 i860 
 
 27 
 
 Sol. \'. Clie.sley 
 
 
 do 
 
 
 
 1861 
 
 28 
 
 do 
 
 
 do 
 
 
 
 1S62 
 
 29 
 
 Will. Con Allen 
 
 
 do 
 
 
 
 1S63 
 
 30 
 
 do 
 
 
 do 
 
 
 
 1864 
 
 31 
 
 do 
 
 
 do 
 
 
 James Kilgour 
 
 1S65 
 
 32 
 
 Ceo. C. Wood 
 
 A 
 
 . E. M 
 
 cDonell 
 
 P. 1-:. Adams 
 
 1 866 
 
 33 
 
 Will. Cox .Vllen 
 
 J- 
 
 P. Ml 
 
 cMillan 
 
 James Kilgour 
 
 1867 
 
 34 
 
 do 
 
 D 
 
 Lincnn 
 
 Monroe 
 
 do 
 
 1868 
 
 35 
 
 do 
 
 
 do 
 
 
 do 
 
 1869 
 
 36 
 
 do 
 
 
 do 
 
 
 do 
 
 1S70 
 
 37 
 
 do 
 
 
 do 
 
 
 do 
 
 1871 
 
 38 
 
 Angus Belluine 
 
 J' 
 
 ilin Sk 
 
 uith 
 
 do 
 
 1872 
 
 39 
 
 Will. Co\ Allen 
 
 
 do 
 
 
 do 
 
 1873 
 
 40 
 
 do 
 
 Jas. Dingwall 
 
 .lo 
 
 1874 
 
 41 
 
 ,\iii;us Bethiine 
 
 \\ 
 
 111. Bt 
 
 illume 
 
 do 
 
 1875 
 
 4^ 
 
 .\iidrew Hodge 
 
 C 
 
 eo. H. 
 
 Jarvis 
 
 do 
 
 1876 
 
 43 
 
 do 
 
 
 do 
 
 
 do 
 
 1877 
 
 44 
 
 C. J. Matlice 
 
 
 do 
 
 
 do 
 
 1878 
 
 45 
 
 do 
 
 
 do 
 
 
 do 
 
 1S79 
 
 46 
 
 do 
 
 
 do 
 
 
 do 
 
 1880 
 
 47 
 
 A. I'. Ross 
 
 
 d.i 
 
 
 R. W. .Macfarlane 
 
 1881 
 
 48 
 
 ^^'m. ColquhoLin 
 
 
 do 
 
 
 do ' 
 
 1882 
 
 49 
 
 • do 
 
 
 do 
 
 
 ,lo 
 
 18S3 
 
 5" 
 
 do 
 
 
 do 
 
 
 do 
 
 1884 
 
 51 
 
 James T. Kirkpatrick 
 
 
 do 
 
 
 do 
 
 1S85 
 
 52 
 
 James Leitch 
 
 
 do 
 
 
 do 
 
 1886 
 
 53 
 
 do 
 
 
 do 
 
 
 K. A. Pringle 
 
 1887 
 
 54 
 
 Geo. McDonell 
 
 
 do 
 
 
 do 
 
 1888 
 
 55 
 
 Angus R. McLennan 
 
 
 do 
 
 
 do 
 
 18S9 
 
 56 
 
 C.J. Hamilton, .M.U. 
 
 
 do 
 
 
 do 
 
Old Eastern District. 
 
 149 
 
 Year. 
 
 Reeve. 
 
 Deputy Reeve. 
 
 1850 
 
 William Maftice 
 
 
 1851 
 
 do 
 
 
 1852 
 
 Andrew Elliott 
 
 
 1853 
 
 do 
 
 
 1854 
 
 Alexander McDougall 
 
 185s 
 
 do 
 
 
 1856 
 
 do. 
 
 
 1857 
 
 do 
 
 
 1858 
 
 Dd. McDonell 
 
 
 1859 
 
 D. E. Mclntyre 
 
 
 i860 
 
 do 
 
 
 1861 
 
 do 
 
 
 1862 
 
 J. J. Dickinson 
 
 
 1863 
 
 J. B. McLennan 
 
 
 1864 
 
 do 
 
 
 1865 
 
 do 
 
 
 1866 
 
 Angus Bethune 
 
 
 1867 
 
 do 
 
 
 1868 
 
 do 
 
 
 1869 
 
 do 
 
 William Mack 
 
 1870 
 
 do 
 
 do 
 
 1871 
 
 Wm. Mack 
 
 C. J. Mattice 
 
 1872 
 
 ' C. J. Mattice 
 
 Angus Bethune 
 
 1873 
 
 do 
 
 do 
 
 1874 
 
 do 
 
 Robert Craig 
 
 187s 
 
 do 
 
 William Mack 
 
 1876 
 
 Wm. Mack 
 
 C. J. Mattice 
 
 1877 
 
 do 
 
 A. P. Ross 
 
 1878 
 
 do 
 
 John Mclntyre 
 
 1879 
 
 John Mclntyre 
 
 J. Snetsinger 
 
 1880 
 
 J. T. Kirkpatrick 
 
 John Bergin 
 
 1881 
 
 John Bergin 
 
 J. T. Kirkpatrick 
 
 1882 
 
 C. J. Mattice 
 
 H. S. Macdonald 
 
 1883 
 
 J. Bergin 
 
 L. A. Ross 
 
 1884 
 
 James Leitch 
 
 J. E. Loney 
 
 1885 
 
 Isaac Skeith 
 
 J. G. Hunter 
 
 1886 
 
 A. R McLennan 
 
 C. J. Hamilton 
 
 1887 
 
 M. O'Callaghan 
 
 W. Atchison and S. Crosbie 
 
 1888 
 
 J. G. Hunter 
 
 Dr. C. J. Hamilton and M. M. Mulhern 
 
 1889 
 
 M. M. Mulhern 
 
 E. O'Callaghan and F. Rowe 
 ASSESSMENTS. 
 
 Until 1850, in which year the Assessment Act, 13 and 14 
 
 /ictoria 
 
 ., Chapter 67, was passed, the assessment of property 
 
ISO Lunenburgh, or the 
 
 was on a fixed valuation, instead of being, as now, based on 
 the actual cash value. The following is the scale, as estab- 
 lished by 59 Geo. Ill, Chap. 7, passed in 1819 : — 
 
 £. s. d. 
 
 Every acre of arable or meadow land, . . i o o 
 
 " " uncultivated " . . . 4 o 
 
 " " town lots in York, Kingston, Niagara 
 and Queenstown, . . . • 50 o o 
 
 Every town lot in Cornwall, Johnstown and Belleville, 25 o o 
 " house built with timber, squared or hewn on two 
 sides, one story in height, with not more than two 
 fire places, . . . . . 20 o p 
 
 Every additional fire-place, . - ,400 
 
 " dwelling house built of timber squared' or flatted on 
 two sides, of two stories in height, with not more 
 than two fire-places, . . . . 30 o 
 
 Every additional fire-place, . . . .800 
 
 " framed house, under two stories in height, with not 
 more than two fire-places, . . . 35 o o 
 
 Every additional fire-place, . . . .500 
 
 " brick or stone house of one story in height and not 
 more than two fire-places, . . . 40 o o 
 
 Every additional fire-place, . . . 10 o o 
 
 " framed, brick or stone house of two stories in height 
 and not more than two fire places, . . 60 o o 
 
 Every additional fire-place, . . . 10 o o 
 
 " Grist Mill, wrought by water, with one pair of 
 stones, . . . . . 150 o o 
 
 Every additional pair . . . . 50 o o 
 
 " Saw Mill, ..... 100 o o 
 
 " Merchant's Shop, . . . 200 o o 
 
 Every store house for receiving and forwarding goods 
 
 for hire or gain, ..... 200 o o 
 
 Every stallion, . . . . . . 199 o o 
 
 ' ' horse of the age of three years and upwards, . 800 
 
 Oxen of the age of four years and upwards, per head . 400 
 Milch Cows, per head, . . . . 300 
 
 Horned Cattle from the age of two to four years, . 100 
 
 Every close carriage with four wheels, kept for pleasure, 100 o o 
 
Old Eastern District, 1 5 1 
 
 Every phaeton or other open carriage with four wheels, 
 
 kept for pleasure only, .... 
 
 " curricle, gig, or other carriage with two wheels, 
 
 kept for pleasure only, .... 
 
 ■ " waggon kept for pleasure, 
 
 Every stove erected and used in a room, where there is 
 
 no fire-place, shall be deemed and considered to be a 
 
 a fire-place. 
 
 The rate of assessment was limited to. one penny in the 
 pound. 
 
 £ 
 
 s. 
 
 d. 
 
 25 
 
 
 
 
 
 20 
 
 
 
 
 
 15 
 
 
 
 
 
152 Lunenburgh, or the 
 
 CHAPTER XVII. 
 
 Nothing was done to improve the navigation of the St.. 
 Lawrence or Ottawa rivers during the French regime in Cana- 
 da,* though a canal intended to be built at Lachine is mention- 
 ed in a letter written by M. Began to the French Minister,, 
 dated I2th Nov., 17 14. After the British Government got po- 
 session of the country, canals were made at the Cascades, the 
 Buisson and Coteau du Lac. The exact date of the commence- 
 ment and completion of these works cannot be ascertained, but 
 it is certain that they were first made between 1779 and 1783. 
 In 1800 Colonel Gother Mann, of the Royal Engineers, report- 
 ed upon their state and recommended enlargement. In 1801- 
 5 his report was carried out, a longer canal was made at the 
 Cascades, and those at the Split Rock and Coteau du Lac were 
 improved. They were very small compared with the canals 
 now in use along the St. Lawrence, as will be seen by the fol- 
 lowing table showing their dimensions, as well as those of the 
 Lachine Canal, at different periods. Prior to 1804 these canals, 
 and their length were as follows : 
 
 Name of Work. Length of Canal. 
 
 At the Cascades, . . . About 400 Feet 
 
 " Trou du Moulin, . 200 " 
 
 " Old Lock at .Split Rock, . 200 " 
 
 " Coteau du Lac Canal and two locks, goo " 
 
 The locks were built of stone and were designed for the 
 passage of boats capable of carrying from 30 to 40 barrels of 
 flour. 
 
 * The information about the old canals is taken from D. Brymner's report on. 
 Canadian Archives, 1886, p.p. 20 lo 30, and p. 11. 
 
Old Eastern District. 
 
 153 
 
 Years. 
 
 1779-1783 
 1801-1805 
 
 Years. 
 
 1821-1825 
 1843-1848 
 1874-1883 
 
 Width 
 OF Lock. 
 
 16 Feet 
 20 " 
 
 Width 
 OF Lock. 
 
 20 Feet 
 45 " 
 45 " 
 
 Depth. 
 
 1.6 Feet 
 3 " 
 
 Depth. 
 
 5 Feet 
 
 9 " 
 14 " 
 
 Length of 
 Lock. 
 
 Not given 
 120 Feet * 
 
 Length of 
 Lock. 
 
 100 Feet 
 200 " 
 270 " 
 
 Canals at Coteau du Lac, Split Rock and Cascades. 
 
 Width of 
 Channel. 
 
 8 Feet 
 10 " 
 
 Lachine Canal. 
 
 Width of 
 Channel. 
 
 48 Feet 
 120 " 
 150 '■ 
 
 The cost of the canals made in 1779- 1783 is not stated. 
 The enlargement and improvement in 1801-5 cost about 
 i^'3300.0.0. AH the expense was paid by the Imperial Govern- 
 ment, as the works were required for the transport of naval and 
 military stores, from Lachine to the naval stations and military 
 garrisons in Upper Canada. The forwarders used them for the 
 conveying of merchandise, and paid a toll at first of ten shil- 
 lings for each batteau. The amount of toll for the season of 
 1 78 1 is stated in a letter from Twiss, dated 3rd December of 
 that year, to have been ;^i3i.iO for 263 batteaux at los. each, 
 and 15.0 for 2 canoes and I boat at 5s. each. 
 
 In 1783 the arnount of tolls received at Coteau du Lac was 
 ^127.0.0 and between the Cascades and the Trou, ^^46.15.0; 
 ^^173.15.00 in all, and it was expected that when the lock at 
 the Split Rock was finished, the toll on each batteau would be 
 twenty-five shillings, and that the annual amount from 260 
 batteaux would amount to ;£'32S.O.o currency, a sum sufficient 
 to pay all persons necessary to be employed, as well as the 
 expenses for keeping the works in repair. The boats required 
 for the King's service passed free. 
 
 The old canal at the Cascades is still in existence, The 
 masonry is showing signs of giving way, but the rock cutting 
 appears to be almost unchanged. The gates are no longer in 
 the locks, and, owing to their absence, the waters rushing 
 
 • This length was to allow six batteaux to be passed at once. The dates in- 
 <licate the beginning and completion of the works. 
 
154 Lunenburgh, or the 
 
 through have made a shoal at the Ottawa end, which impedes"- 
 navigation. The remains of the other canals are perfectly- 
 visible. 
 
 The next improvement in the system of inland navigation 
 was the construction of the Lachine Canal, which was begun 
 on the 1 8th of July, 1821, and completed to St. Gabriel in i824> 
 The levels for the Welland Canal were first taken in 1 816. In 
 November, 1824, the construction of the canal was commenced. 
 The work was finished in a little less than five years, and was. 
 opened on the 26th of November, 1829. The Cornwall Canal,, 
 the next link in the chain, was finished in 1842. 
 
 The construction of the Beauharnois Canal was com- 
 menced shortly after the completion of that at Cornwall, and 
 was followed with but little delay by the construction of the 
 shorter cuts at Farren's Point, the Rapid Plat and the Galops,, 
 which completed the line of improvements along the rivers St.. 
 Lawrence and Niagara. 
 
 In the first volume of Gourlay's "Statistical Account of 
 Upper Canada" is a map of the Province, dated 1821, on which 
 is given a plan for a grand canal and junction canals, to con- 
 nect the St. Lawrence river with the Ottawa ; the Petite Nation, 
 with the St. Lawrence, and the Upper Ottawa with the Lake 
 of Two Mountains. 
 
 Three courses are laid down for this grand canal, the most 
 northern is a straight line from Johnstown* to a point on the 
 Ottawa, about two miles west of the Province line between 
 Upper and Lower Canada. The middle course begins at 
 Johnstown, runs in a straight line to a point in the centre of 
 the front of Roxborough, and thence eastward to the Ottawa 
 river, near the most northern point of Rigaud. The southern 
 course also begins at Johnstown, runs to a point about three 
 miles west of the eastern boundary of Matilda, and four miles 
 north of the St. Lawrence, thence in a straight line to the Ot- 
 tawa, which it strikes nearly opposite the northern end of Isle 
 Perrot. From the line of the Grand Canal a junction was to 
 
 '* A few miles east of the Town of Prescott. 
 
Old Eastern District. 155 
 
 be made with the Petite Nation river and the Ottawa by a 
 canal running northward, parallel to the Township line, from 
 the point in Matilda above mentioned to the Petite Nation 
 and Ottawa. Another canal is laid down, which was to run 
 from Milleroches north-westward, through the Townships of 
 Cornwall, Osnabruck and Finch, to the Petite Nation, and an- 
 other from the southern course of the grand canal to Lake St, 
 Francis, west of the Coteau du Lac. Gourlay's plan was on too 
 grand a scale to be undertaken by the Province, and it was 
 never seriously considered. 
 
 In 1826 or 1827 Samuel Clowes, civil engineer, was em- 
 ployed to survey a line for a canal from the head of the Long 
 Sault rapids to Cornwall. The line he proposed was to begin 
 at Archibald's Point, across which a cut was to be made to 
 Hoople's Creek, which was to be followed for about three 
 quarters of a mile. Then the canal was to follow a depression of 
 the country, and drop into the river at Brownell's Bay, near 
 what is now called " The Sand Bridge." A dam was to be 
 made across the channel to Sheik's Island, above Bro»vneirs,., 
 and another below Milleroches, forming a large basin from 
 which the cutting of the canal was to be made, as it now is to 
 Cornwall. 
 
 Another place which was spoken of, was to bring the canal 
 from Hoople's Creek through the first concession, at some 
 distance from the river, to the rear of the Town of Cornwall, 
 and to enter the river again either above or below the town ; and 
 another proposal was to make a dam across the river to Corn- 
 wall Island either above or below the town, for the purpose of 
 raising the water to the level of the foot of the Long Sault 
 rapid, the rapid and the dam 'to be passed by cuttings and 
 locks. Of the three projects the last two were never seriously 
 discussed. The first one was carefully considered by the canal 
 commissionerSjWho decided in favor of the line as it is at present. 
 There are, however, not a few who think that a mistake has been 
 made, and that Mr. Clowes' plan should even now be adopted. 
 The improvement of the navigation of the St. Lawrence 
 
156 Limenburgh, or the 
 
 was authorized by the Statute 3, William IV, Chap. 18, pass- 
 ed on the 13th of February, 1833, under which a sum not ex- 
 ceeding ^70,000.0.0 was to be raised by loan at five per cent, 
 for that purpose, and the following gentlemen were appointed 
 commissioners to carry the Act into effect : The Honorable 
 Thomas Clark, the Honorable John Hamilton, and Philip Van- 
 koughnet, Jonas Jones, Hiram Norton, George Longly, and 
 Peter Shaver, Esquires. 
 
 Sect. 14 of the Act directed that "the improvements should 
 commence and be finished between the head of the Long Sault 
 and Cornwall, in the eastern district, before any money could 
 be laid out for improvements on any other part of the River 
 St. Lawrence." 
 
 The commissioners entered upon their duties without de- 
 lay, caused further surveys to be made, and after due consider- 
 ation decided upon adopting the line in which the canal now 
 runs. 
 
 Their head office was at Cornwall, where the secretary , 
 James Hume, and the agent, Wm. R. F. Burford, resided. The 
 solicitor, Henry Sherwood, lived at Brockville. 
 
 The management of the work was intrusted to J. B. Mills, 
 civil engineer, who had under him, as assistant engineers, George 
 and Samuel Keefer, J. Rodrique, Joseph F. McDonell and Ro- 
 bert Wells. Benjamin Wright was appointed consulting en- 
 gineer. 
 
 The following are the names of the contractors. The 
 figures are the numbers of the sections reckoned eastward from 
 the head of the canal at Dickinson's Landing : — 
 
 ction I, . 
 
 Robert and William Hervey 
 
 " 2, 3, 19, 20, 21, 22, 26, 
 
 Charles Kerr & Co. 
 
 "4, 
 
 Rogers & Co. 
 
 " 5. • 
 
 Adam Dixon 
 
 6, 
 
 S. and W. Fraser 
 
 7 and 8, 
 
 Geo. Beeby & Co. 
 
 " 9 and 10, 
 
 SimiDson & Mittleberger 
 
 " II, ■ 
 
 Peter Anderton 
 
 " 12 and 18, 
 
 Caleb Traux & Co. 
 
 13- • 
 
 Crawford & Thompson 
 
Old Eastern District. 
 
 157 
 
 Simon Fraser 
 W. &>I. Bowron 
 Barlow & Brownson 
 Reid & Shepherd 
 Simpson & Co. 
 Crawford & Simpson 
 Bellany & Co. ^ 
 Reid & Shepherd 
 Robt. & Peter McKay 
 Geo. Crawford 
 D. and J. L. Wilkinson 
 Pierce & Co. 
 Richards & Buell 
 William Johnston 
 Adam Dixon 
 George Crawford 
 
 Angus and Alex. McDonell 
 " B, David Ballantyne and James Hervey 
 
 " C, Simon Fraser, junior 
 
 " D, Robt: Harrison, John Leman aud John Hervey 
 
 '* E, Chas. Kerr & Co. 
 
 " F, John Reid and Robt. Shepherd. 
 
 The first sod was turned and wheeled away by Chief 
 Justice Robinson in the autumn of 1834, at a spot near the 
 mouth of the old channel. A few people from the town at- 
 tended, but there was no ceremony about the affair, nor so far 
 as the author knows was the Chief Justice presented with a 
 silver spade or a mahogany wheel-barrow. Soon after this 
 formal commencement, the work was regularly carried on 
 along the whole line. 
 
 The most difficult part of the undertaking was the em- 
 bankment on the south side of the canal, from Dickinson's 
 Landing. along the great rapid of the Long Sault. The high 
 bank of the river was cut away, and cart-load after cart-load 
 ■of the earth and stone were thrown into the rapid, only to be 
 swept away by the current. Months passed before anything 
 like an embankment appeared above the surface of the water. 
 The perseverance of the contractors and labourers at last con- 
 quered the difficulty, and now the Long Sault embankment is 
 
 .'Section 14. 
 
 " IS, 
 
 16, 
 
 " 17, • 
 
 23, 24, 25, 
 
 " 27, 
 
 Lock I, . 
 
 " 2 and 3, 
 
 " 4, . 
 
 " 5 and 6, 
 
 Lock Gates, 
 
 Retaining Wall. 
 
 Culverts, 
 
 .Sewer at Cornwall, 
 
 Basin at Cornwall, 
 
 Guard Gates, 
 
 Section i was c 
 
 Sub-Section A, 
 
 
 B, 
 
 
 c. 
 
 
 D, 
 
 
 * E, 
 
 
 F, 
 
158 Lunenbmgh, or the 
 
 the firmest part of the whole work. Quarries were opened on' 
 Cutler's property in the rear of Milleroches, and on McLeod's,. 
 to the north-east of the Town of Cornwall, where an abundant 
 supply of lime stone was obtained for the locks and culverts. 
 
 In general the men employed in the town and its vicinity 
 behaved very well and gave occasion for very few complaints. 
 One very unfortunate affair occurred at the Milleroches 
 quarry. On the 13th of December, 1834, Ewen Stuart, deputy 
 sheriff, Geo. McDonell, barrister, and Henry Thain, bailiff,.. 
 went to the quarry to arrest a man who had aided in rescuing: 
 a prisoner the day before. William Quinn was pointed out 
 by Thain to the deputy sheriff as the man. Quinn rushed at 
 Thain with an iron bar ; the deputy sheriff put his hand in 
 the breast of his coat to draw out a pistol, when Richard 
 Quinn came behind him and struck him on the head with an 
 iron drill, fracturing his skull and causing his death a few days 
 after. As soon as the news of the attack on Stuart reached 
 the town a number of armed men were sent up to arrest the 
 Quinns, but when the party got to the quarry they were too 
 late, the Quinns had escaped and no arrests were made. 
 
 After this an application was made by the magistrates 
 to the military authorities for a company or two of regular 
 troops to assist in maintaining oi'der. A building was put up- 
 on the court-house lot for barracks in September, 1835, but na 
 troops were sent to the town until the following year. 
 
 As the excavation and embankment were proceeded with 
 across the front of the town, the inhabitants began to see that 
 they were about to be cut off from the river, to which up to 
 that time they had easy access. The only means of com- 
 munication between the town and the river provided for in 
 the plans of the canal commissioners was through the culvert 
 constructed on lot number nine, south side of Water street.* 
 Those who have seen this culvert can form a very good idea 
 of the difficulties there would have been in getting through it 
 to the river wharf from the town. Petitions and remonstrances 
 
 * This culvert was filled up in 1883. 
 
Old Eastern District. 159 
 
 were laid before the commissioners, complaining of the injury 
 threatened to the town, and urging the necessity of a bridge 
 across the canal. Mr. Mills, the acting engineer, and Mr.. 
 Wright, the consulting engineer, were called upon to report 
 on the subject, and they did so on the 7th of September, 1835, 
 decidedly against the request for a bridge. Wright stated 
 that the culvert was sufficient for all purposes ; that a bridge 
 would cost ;^2 500.0.0 or ;£'3000.o.o, would be dangerous to 
 boats and troublesome to manage, and would cause an annual 
 expense of ^£'2 5.0.0 at least ; that if it was found that the cul- 
 vert and a ferry did not give all the accommodation required, 
 a bridge could be erected there after, without much additional 
 expense, by founding it on piles and a flooring just under 
 water in the canal. Mills said that goods could be landed at 
 the canal dock ; that a boat would be detained only twenty 
 minutes in getting through the locks, and that the delay 
 would be compensated by the greater facilities in getting 
 goods from a boat at the canal dock than at the river dock at 
 the foot of the sewer. He proposed a dock built out in the 
 river from the foot of the culvert, where a boat could lie and 
 goods and lumber be landed. He seemed to think the un- 
 qualified dislike of the townspeople to being cut off from the 
 river rather absurd. The commissioners, acting on these 
 reports, refused to construct a bridge, and it was not until the 
 year 1843 that the inhabitants of the town succeeded in in- 
 ducing the Government to build one. 
 
 In March, 1836, Mr. Mills, chief engineer, resigned in 
 consequence of some disagreement between the commissioners 
 and himself, and Captain Philpotts, of the Royal Engineers, 
 was appointed in his stead, and had charge of the work until 
 it was completed. 
 
 The labourers at the head of the canal were not by any 
 means as peaceable and well behaved as those at the town. 
 There were more than one thousand men employed at the deep 
 cutting at the Long Sault, and a very unruly set of men they 
 were. So long as they confined their quarrels and fights 
 
i6o Lunenburgh, or the 
 
 among themselves, no one was much concerned about them ; 
 but when they began to attack the country people, there was 
 danger of very serious trouble. For some time so much alarm 
 was caused by the conduct of the labourers that the front road 
 was considered unsafe, and many persons preferred going out 
 to that in the rear of the first concession, to risking insult and 
 injury by taking the more direct route. Matters were brought 
 to a crisis in the winter of 1836 by the murder of Mr. Albert 
 French, the then owner of Maple Grove. This gentleman 
 drove through Cornwall late in the afternoon with a horse and 
 cutter, on his way home from Montreal. When he got to 
 Woods' bridge, west of the town, he overtook two canal 
 labourers and a woman, who were returning to Dickinson's 
 Landing from a funeral. They asked him to let them ride, 
 and on his refusal, stopped the horse and dragged French out 
 of the sleigh. He seized a stake from an empty wood sleigh 
 that was passing and attacked the men with it ; one of them 
 wrenched the stake out of his hands, knocked him down with 
 it, struck him when down and fractured his skull. The party 
 then got into his sleigh and drove off, leaving him senseless 
 and bleeding on the bridge, whence he was taken to the near- 
 est house, where he died in a few hours. The murderers were 
 followed up, but only one of the men was arrested. He was 
 tried at the Assizes at Cornwall in the following summer, 
 found guilty, and executed. There were many threats of a 
 rescue on the part of the labourers, and the Government sent 
 a company of the 1 5th Regiment of the line from Kingston 
 to Cornwall, under the command of Capt. Brouncker. This 
 company was stationed in the barracks built near the court- 
 house for a couple of months. They were under arms in the 
 barracks at the time of the execution, but there was no dis- 
 turbance. Soon after the execution they were ordered to join 
 their regiment at Kingston. After this tragical affair there 
 was very little trouble with the men at the Long Sault. 
 
 Up to the year 1838, the' sum of ;£'430,ooo.o.o had been 
 granted by the Legislature of Upper Canada for the improve- 
 
Old Eastern District. i6i 
 
 ment of the navigation of the St. Lawrence river, within the 
 boundaries of that Province. Of this sum ;£'3 50,000.0.0 had been 
 raised and expended. ^40,000.0.0 or ;^5o,ooo.o.o were required 
 to finish the work on the Cornwall canal, but could not be raised 
 owing to the embarrassed state of the Provincial finances. 
 
 The canal commissioners proposed to raise money on their 
 notes signed by the president and secretary. The Government 
 offered ;£^i 0,000 to be expended in paying off arrears due to 
 the contractors and workmen, and in placing the work in a state 
 to admit of a suspension of operations thereon with the least 
 possible damage. In June, 1 838, it was decided that debentures 
 for £2gfxX) should be issued, and that the work should be con- 
 tinued until that sum was expended. In this year Hiram Nor- 
 ton, one of the commissioners, resigned, and James Morris was 
 appointed in his place. 
 
 In October, 1838, an order was issued by the Lieut- 
 Governor of the Province to build a stone block house near the 
 the locks, at Cornwall. A good deal of stone* was prepared 
 and cut for the proposed building, and the excavation for the 
 foundation was dug, a little north of where the pottery now is, 
 but the order was rescinded, and the work was not proceeded 
 with. 
 
 The barracks built in 1835 were handed over to Lieut.- 
 Col. Philpotts for the use of the troops raised in 1838. They 
 were occupied by Captain Geo. Crawford's independent com- 
 pany in that year and in 1839, and afterwards by part of the 
 incorporated militia regiment, stationed in the town. 
 
 Work on the canal was suspended from the close of 1838- 
 until after the Act uniting Upper and Lower Canada came into- 
 force in 1841, when it was resumed and completed in Novem- 
 ber, 1842. 
 
 When the canal was completed, and the water let in, it 
 was found that some of the implements for working the valves 
 of the lock gates had been mislaid either purposely or acci- 
 
 • This stone was bought by the late Wm. Wood, and used in the building of 
 his house west of the town. 
 
1 62 Ltcnenburghy or the 
 
 dentally, and that the valves that were open could not be closed 
 nor those that were shut opened. The water rose a foot or two 
 above the gates of the three locks below the town, and was 
 pouring over them like a torrent, and there was great danger 
 that the unusual pressure might carry some of them away, or 
 burst the bank of the canal. Fortunately the missing imple- 
 ments were discovered, and the water brought to its proper 
 level before any damage occurred. Very few accidents have 
 happened to the work since it was completed. The worst was a 
 break which occurred in October, i8SO,f in the south bank near 
 Moulinette, which emptied the long level between the guard 
 lock and that east of Milleroches, and stopped navigation for 
 about two weeks. A propeller, "The England," that was in the 
 long level at the time of the break, narrowly escaped being car- 
 ried out by the rush of the waters. 
 
 The Beauharnois canal was constructed a few years after 
 the completion of the Cornwall canal. Then the lock at Far- 
 ren's Point, the canal at Morrisburgh, and that from Iroquois to 
 the head of the Galops rapid, were made. These works, with 
 the enlargement of the Lachine canal, made the system of inland 
 navigation by the St. Lawrance route complete from Montreal 
 westward. 
 
 The Cornwall canal was opened for navigation late in the 
 autumn of 1842. The " Highlander" was the first of the mail 
 line of steamboats that passed up. On her first trip to King- 
 ston, she was detained for some hours at the head of the 
 canal, as the coffer-dam built there had not been taken awky 
 sufficiently to allow her to pass. After the canal was opened 
 for navigation, the people of the town found that the incon- 
 venience of having no access to the river, except through the 
 culvert, was intolerable. Petitions were sent, and strong repre- 
 sentations were made to the Board of Public Works. The Hon- 
 orable H. H. Killaly, the President of the Board, came to the 
 
 + A break occured near the same spot on the 12th of October, 1888, which 
 was not repaired for some weeks owirg to the fact that the earth and stone used to 
 fill up the gap slid into the river. 
 
Old Eastern District, 163 
 
 town, and after a careful examination, consented to the build- 
 ing of the bridge, which was completed in 1 843, and which has 
 been maintained from that time by the Government. 
 The dimensions of the Cornwall canal are : 
 
 Length, . . . ii^ statute miles 
 
 Breadth at bottom, . . . loo feet 
 
 at top, . . 150 " 
 
 Depth of water on sills, . . 9 " 
 
 Number of locks, . . 7 " 
 
 Length of old locks, . . 200 " 
 
 Width " . . 55 " 
 
 Total rise in lockage, . . 48 " 
 
 A new cut was made and two new locks built south of 
 the three locks east of the town, and completed in 1882. The 
 dimensions of the new locks are : 
 
 Length, .... 270 " 
 
 Width, . . . 45 " 
 
 Depth of water on sills, . . 14 " 
 
 Length of basin, . . 825 " 
 
 There have been three superintendents and two collectors 
 ■since the opening of the canal. Superintendents : Godfrey, 
 from November, 1842, to September, 1849 ; Duncan A. Mc- 
 Donell, from September, 1849, to ist July, 1889 ; Alexander 
 P. Ross, from ist July, 1889. Collectors : Daniel Phelah and 
 James Phelan, his son, who succeeded him. 
 
 The dimensions of the Farren's Point canal are : 
 
 Length . . . ^ of a mile. 
 
 I lock, length . . . 200 feet . 
 
 Breadth, . . . 45 " 
 
 Total rise, . . . 4 " 
 
 Depth of water on sills, . 9 " 
 
 Breadth of canal at bottom, . . 50 " 
 
 " " surface, . 90 " 
 
 Contracts were entered into in the autumn of 1888 for 
 the building of three new locks above the town, and the 
 deepening of the canal to 14 feet. The work is to be com- 
 pleted in the spring of 1891. 
 
 The contractors for the building of the locks on the 
 
164 
 
 Lunenburgh, or the 
 
 Cornwall canal are Messrs. Davis Brothers, and for ^he deep- 
 ening of it, the Gilbert Dredging and Blasting Company. For 
 the Galops canal, Messrs. Murray & Cleveland. 
 
 Galops Canal. Rapide Plat Canal. 
 
 •])/% miles Length 4 miles- 
 
 3 No. of locks 2 
 
 200 feet by 45 - Dimensions - 200 feet by 45, 
 
 15^ feet Total rise in lockage iijl^ feet 
 
 9 feet Depth of water on sills 9 feet- 
 
 50 " Breadth of canal at bottom 50 " 
 
 90 " " • " at surface 90 " 
 
 Beauharnois Canal. 
 11^ miles - 
 
 9 
 
 200 feet by 45 
 82>i feet 
 9 feet 
 80 " 
 
 Length 
 
 No. of locks 
 
 Dimensions 
 
 Total rise of lockage 
 
 Lachine Canal. 
 
 %yi, miles. 
 
 -. s. 
 
 270 feet by 45, 
 45^ feet 
 
 Depth of water on sills - 2 locks, 18 ft. ; 3 locks, 14 ft. 
 Breadth of canal at bottom 80 feet 
 
 120 " "- " at surface 120 " 
 
 An improvement is now being made in the Galop rapids- 
 by forming a straight channel, 3,300 feet in length, 200 feet in 
 width, and 14 in depth. 
 
Old Eastern District. 165 
 
 CHAPTER XVIII. 
 
 The postal arrangements in the newly fettled parts of 
 Canada one hundred years ago, did not afford much facility 
 for correspondence. The mail between Montreal and Niagara 
 was sent by couriers, who travelled most of the way on foot, 
 and took six months to make the round trip. In the winter 
 of 1784-85 old Jacques Morriseau carried the mail on his back 
 twice between Montreal and Kingston. Houses were so 
 scarce at that time, between Lachine and Cornwall, that he 
 had to sleep in the open air for three nights. The only bed 
 he had on these occasions was of boughs of evergreens with a 
 single blanket to cover him. 
 
 Before the end of last century mails were dispatched more 
 frequently ; a mail each way once in two months in winter and 
 probably once a month in summer. 
 
 From the year 1800 to about 1812, there was a mail car- 
 ried by foot-men up and down once a month in winter, and 
 with the aid of boats once a fortnight in summer. The late S. 
 Y. Chesley says in his memoranda relative to the mails prior to 
 1 8 1 8 : " On one occasion I happened to be a fellow-passenger, on 
 a freight batteau, from Coteau du Lac to Cornwall, with one of 
 these mail carriers, who perceiving that I spoke his language 
 (French), when opposite Lancaster post office, asked me to ex- 
 amine his various parcels contained in the mail bag, of which 
 he carried the key, to ascertain whether there were any for 
 Lancaster. There being only one letter he concluded not to 
 stop then, but would deliver it on his return." 
 
 After 1812 mails were despatched once a week. The next 
 improvement was the sending of mails up and down three times 
 a week. This continued until about 1830, when the Post Office 
 
1 66 
 
 Lunenburgh, or the 
 
 Department decided on sending a mail each way daily to all 
 places on the St. Lawrence and the lakes. No further change 
 was made until the completion of the Grand Trunk Railway, 
 from Montreal to Toronto, in the autumn of 1856, when the 
 present system of two daily mails each way, was adopted. 
 
 Considering the lack of postal accommodation in early 
 days, it is not a matter of much wonder that few letters went 
 by post. They were generally entrusted by the writers to 
 friends who were travelling to the places to which the letters 
 were to be sent ; in fact, until the establishment of the daily 
 mails, a person about to take ajonrney to Montreal or York, 
 would have been looked upon as very deficient in courtesy if 
 he did not let his friends know of his intended trip, and ask if 
 they had letters to send. Sometimes letters sent in that way 
 failed to reach their destination. When the old English Church 
 in Cornwall was pulled down there were found under one of the 
 pews two letters that had been entrusted over sixty years pre- 
 viously to a gentleman to be delivered to friends in Quebec. 
 The high rates of postage charged up to 1850 had no doubt a 
 good deal to do with the persistent efforts of the people to send 
 their letters by private hand. 
 
 The management of the post office in Canada was under 
 the control of the Imperial Government, until 1850, when it 
 was transferred to the provincial authorities, and the rate of 
 postage reduced to three pence (5 cents) the half ounce, upon 
 letters between any two places in the Province. This was 
 a very great reduction from the high rates previously exacted, 
 which were as follows r 
 
 
 
 .s. 
 
 d. 
 
 
 
 ». 
 
 d. 
 
 60 miles and under 
 
 
 
 ^y. 
 
 701 m 
 
 les to 800 
 
 I 
 
 lO 
 
 61 ' 
 
 ' to 100 
 
 
 
 7 
 
 801 
 
 ' " 900 
 
 2 
 
 I 
 
 lOI ' 
 
 ' " 200 
 
 
 
 9 
 
 901 
 
 ' " 1000 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 201 ' 
 
 ' " 300 
 
 
 
 II 
 
 lOOI 
 
 ' " IIOO 
 
 2 
 
 S 
 
 301 ' 
 
 ' " 400 
 
 I 
 
 2 
 
 IIOI 
 
 ' " 1200 
 
 2 
 
 7 
 
 401 ' 
 
 ' " 500 
 
 I 
 
 4 
 
 1 201 
 
 ' " 1300 
 
 2 
 
 9 
 
 501 ' 
 
 ' " 600 
 
 I 
 
 6 
 
 I30I 
 
 ' " 1400 
 
 3 
 
 
 
 601 ' 
 
 ' " 700 
 
 I 
 
 8 
 
 I40I 
 
 " " 1500 
 
 3 
 
 2 
 
 These charges were for a "single letter," that is, a letter with- 
 
Old Eastern District. 167 
 
 out any enclosure. A letter with one enclosure was charged 
 "double, with two or more, if it did not weig-h an ounce, treble ; 
 if weighing an ounce, it was charged four single rates, and for 
 'each quai'ter ounce over that a single rate was added. 
 
 The postage on a single letter to England, by sailing 
 packet, was 2s. 5 ^d. On a double letter, 4s. i id. After steam- 
 ships were employed to carry the mails, the rates on English 
 letters were increased to 3s. id. and 6s. 2d. respectively for 
 single and double letters. 
 
 A letter put in an envelope, in the modern mode, would 
 have been charged double under the old system. The letter 
 -paper used then was at least double the size of the modern 
 note paper. Great care was taken to write on every available 
 part of the sheet, so that no more than one sheet would be 
 used, and the charge for double postage would not be incurred. 
 The folding of the letter, so that no part of the contents 
 •would be exposed, required no little care and neatness, but in 
 the present day this, like the making and mending of a quill 
 pen, has become one of the lost arts. 
 
 The carrying of letters by private individuals, was an of- 
 fence punishable by fine. It lessened the revenue, and the au- 
 thorities of the Post Office Department endeavored by all means 
 in their power to put a stop to it. Occasionally an order would 
 be issued warning the public, and threatening pains and penal- 
 ties for the infraction of the law. The following is one of these 
 ■orders, copied from the Kingston " Chronicle" of the 4th May, 
 
 1821 : 
 
 " General Post Office for British North America, 
 
 " QuEiiEC, 23rcl April, 1821. 
 " The Deputy Postmaster-General, having placed a box for the conveyance of 
 letters on each of the steamers in Upper and Lower Canada, which are carried to 
 the post-office immediately on their arrival ; eives this notice to passengers and 
 ■others on board, that he has orders from His Majesty's Postmaster-General, to 
 prosecute such persons as shall convey and deliver letters to the prejudice of His 
 Majesty's revenue." 
 
 When this order was made, the steamboats running be- 
 tween Montreal and Quebec were the " Malsham," the " Lady 
 Sherbrooke," and the new " Swiftsure," which left Montreal 
 
1 68 Lunenburgh, or the 
 
 alternately on the morning of Thursday, Sunday and Tuesday- 
 of each week, and Quebec on Saturday night or Monday 
 morning,Tuesday night or Wednesday morning, and Thursday 
 night or Friday morning, 
 
 News from England came very slowly sixty or seventy 
 years ago. Sometimes the voyage of the sailing vessels that 
 carried the mails lasted six or eight weeks; for instance, the 
 Montreal "Herald" of 5th December, 1820, informs its readers 
 that no news had been received from England since the 5th of 
 October. 
 
 In the Kingston "Chronicle" of 27th July, 1 821, there is an 
 advertisement that " a covered carriage leaves the Mansion 
 House, Kingston, every Monday and Thursday at 1 1 a.m., for 
 Prescott, where it intersects with the regular mail stages to 
 Montreal ; fare, Kingston to Prescott, los. ; Prescott to Mon- 
 treal, 35s. It is probable that the mails were sent by this car- 
 riage twice a week. When the mails were carried by stage 
 coach, the bags were in charge of the driver, and were usually 
 put under his seat or on the top of the stage. When a post 
 office was being approached the driver blew his horn lustily to 
 warn the postmaster. On getting to the door he tumbled the 
 mail bag or bags off the stage, and dragged them into the of- 
 fice, where the postmaster opened and emptied them, selected 
 the matter addressed to his office, and put the rest, with the 
 mail he had to despatch from his office, into the bags, and de- 
 livered them to the driver to be replaced on the stage. The 
 changing of the mail took sometimes twenty minutes or more. 
 If the post office was at a place where the horses were changed 
 or the passengers took a meal, the delay was not irksome, but 
 otherwise, it was by no means pleasant to be detained at the 
 post office door in the severe cold of a winter's night, the heat 
 of a midsummer day, or possibly in a storm of rain or snow. 
 In those days, however, post offices were few and far between,, 
 and the detentions were not many. Before the opening of the 
 Grand Trunk Railway and other railways, the mails were car- 
 ried on the lake and river steamboats in summer, and for many 
 
Old Eastern District. 169 
 
 years were sorted at the principal post offices on the route. A 
 ^hort time before the hour for the arrival of the boat, the car- 
 rier of the mail would make his appearance at the wharf with 
 a rough looking horse and still rougher looking waggon. The 
 moment the boat stopped the mail bags were thrown ashore, 
 -pitched into the waggon, and driven off, at the old horse's best 
 speed, to the post office, where the mail was sorted and replaced 
 in the bags and then taken back to the boat. After some 
 years the plan was adopted of putting the mails in charge of a 
 post office clerk, whose duty it was to. sort them on the boat, so 
 that on her arrival at any stopping place, the mail bag for the 
 post office there, was handed to the carrier, who, at the same 
 time, delivered the out-going mail to the clerk on the boat, thus 
 saving the delay caused by the trip to the post office and back. 
 This system is in operation on all the railways, a post office 
 car being attached to every train on which the mails are car- 
 ried. In this car the mails are assorted and made up by the 
 post office clerk in charge. In 1867 the postage on letters was 
 reduced to three cents the half ounce. In the session of 1889 
 a change was made, and now the postage on letters is three 
 cents an ounce. There were very few post offices in Upper 
 Canada at the beginning of the present century, but the exact 
 number cannot be ascertained. Samuel Sherwood was post- 
 master at Augusta in 1801. 
 
 An almanac published at York for the year 1803 gives the 
 following information about the post offices in Upper Canada 
 in the year 1802. The Deputy-Postmaster-General for British 
 North America was George Heriott, Esq. The postmasters 
 in Upper Canada were : 
 
 Cornwall, 
 
 Samuel Anderson 
 
 York, 
 
 D. McLean 
 
 Matilda, 
 
 J. Munro 
 
 Niagara, 
 
 Joseph Edwards 
 
 Augusta, 
 
 Samuel Sherwood 
 
 Queenston, 
 
 Thomas Dickson 
 
 Kingston, 
 
 Tohn Gumming 
 
 Chippewa 
 
 Robert Macklem 
 
 Fort Erie, 
 
 Vacant 
 
 Sandwich, 
 
 Vacant 
 
 The following announcement is added : 
 
 N. B. — A monthly communication between this Province and Lower Canada 
 will be open during the winter. 
 
 A mail for England is dispatched from Quebec once a fortnight in the summe^r 
 .and once a month in the winter, to be put on board the first packet boat. 
 
170 Lunenbmgh, or the 
 
 Miles McDonell was appointed postmaster in Stormont ore 
 the 1 2th of August, 1803, and Walter B. Wilkinson, at Corn- 
 wall, on the 24th of August, 1803. He was succeeded by Guy 
 Carleton Wood,* who was appointed about 1 804, and held the 
 office until his resignation about 1854. He was succeeded by 
 his son George C. Wood, and when he gave up the position in 
 1 87o-'7 1 , Geo. McDonell, the present postmaster, was appointed.. 
 J. J. Dunlop had the post office at Lancaster in 18 16. 
 
 In 1 82 1 the post offices in the Eastern District numbered, 
 three : — Lancaster, J. J. Dunlop ; Cornwall, G. C. Wood ; Ma- 
 tilda, Paul Glasford. In 1827 the number had increased to six, 
 the additional ones being Lochiel, James Burton, P. M.; Wil- 
 liamsburg, John Cryster, P. M. ; and Martintown, Alex. Mc- 
 Martin, P. M. The Matilda office was held by Geo. Brouse,. 
 instead of Paul Glasford. 
 
 In 1838 the total number of post offices in Upper and 
 Lower Canada was 395, twelve of which were in the Eastern. 
 District, viz. : 
 
 Oi-FicE. Postmaster.. 
 
 St. Andrews, D. McDonell 
 
 Williamsburgh, East, Geo. Cook 
 Williamsburgh, West, Jas. Holden 
 Williamstown, D. McNicol 
 
 Martintown, A. McMartin 
 
 Matilda, - Geo. Brouse 
 
 In 1888 the number of post offices in the Dominion was 
 7,619, 113 of which are in the counties of Stormont, Dundas. 
 and Glengarry. 
 
 • Guy Carleton Wood died 8th June, 1857. He had been for more than 50-. 
 years postmaster. 
 
 Office. 
 
 Postmaster. 
 
 Alexandria, 
 
 R. Chisholm 
 
 Cornwall, 
 
 Guy C. Wood 
 
 Lancaster, 
 
 Wm. Mcintosh 
 
 Lochiel, 
 
 D. McLeod 
 
 Moulinette, 
 
 A. Dixon 
 
 Osnabruck, 
 
 Jos. Backus 
 
Old Eastern District. 171 
 
 CHAPTER XIX. 
 
 After the commencement of the Revolutionary War, a 
 number of corps were formed in the Colonies for the King's 
 service. The following, taken from Dr. Canniff's work on the 
 " Settlement of Upper Canada," is as complete a list as the 
 author has been able to procure of the different corps that 
 formed the U. E. Loyalist army : 
 
 The King's Rangers. 
 
 " Royal Fencible Americans. 
 
 " Queen's Rangers. 
 
 ' ' New York Volunteers. 
 
 " King's American Regiment. 
 
 ' ' Prince of Wales' American Volunteers. 
 
 " Maryland Loyalists. 
 Delancey"s Battalions, i, 2, 3. 
 The Second American Regiment. 
 
 " King's Rangers, Carolina. 
 
 ' ' South Carolina Royalists. 
 
 " North Carolina Highland Regiment. 
 
 " King's American Dragoons. 
 
 ' ' Loyal American Regiment. 
 
 ' ' American Legion. 
 
 " The New Jersey Volunteers, I, 2, 3, 4 Battalion. 
 
 " British Legion. 
 
 " Loyal Foresters. 
 
 " Orange Rangers. 
 
 " Pennsylvania Loyalists. 
 
 ' ' Guides and Rangers. 
 
 ' ' North Carolina Volunteers. 
 
 " Georgia Loyalists. 
 
 " West Chester Volunteers. 
 
 " Loyal New Englanders. 
 
 " Associated Loyalists. 
 Wentworth's Volunteers. 
 Col. Archibald Hamilton's seventeen companies of Loyal Militja. 
 
 In another part of his book the Doctor mentions the 84th 
 
1/2 Lunenburgh, or the 
 
 Regiment,* originally called the Royal Highland Emigrants ; 
 Sir John Johnson's corps of two battalions, called the King's 
 Royal Regiment of New York ; Butler's Rangers, and the 
 Loyal Rangers, commanded by Major Edward Jessup, which 
 may be included in the above list under other names. 
 
 The following are added from a list furnished by James 
 Howe, of New Brunswick : -f- 
 
 \'olunteers of Iveland. 
 Battalion of Chasseurs. 
 Black Pioneers. 
 Philadelphia Light Dragoons. 
 Buck's County Dragoons. 
 Nova Scotia Loyalists. 
 Garrison Battalion. 
 Royal North Carolina Regiment. 
 
 There are few records of the formation and career of the 
 Royal Yorkers now in existence, \ but from such as are avail- 
 able the following history of the corps has been gathered. 
 
 Sir John Johnson, by whom the regiment was raised, was 
 the son and heir-at-law of Sir William Johnson, of Johnson 
 Hall, in the Valley of the Mohawk, New York. Sir William 
 was in command at the battle of Lake George in 1755, in 
 which he was wounded. He served throughout the French 
 war, and received a Baronetcy and ^5000.0.0 for his services. 
 On his death in 1775, his son John succeeded to the title and 
 the estate. 
 
 In 1776, an arrangement was made between General 
 Schuyler and Sir John, by which the latter agreed to a pacific 
 line of conduct, and to remain within certain prescribed limits. 
 For some unexplained reason, this agreement was violated, 
 Sabine does not say by whom, but the Whigs attempted to 
 
 *P.p. 68, 439. 
 
 The Dictor is mistaken in calling the 84th Regiment "the Second Battalion 
 ot the King's: Royal Regiment of New York." 
 
 tSee Report on Archives for 1883. D. Brymner. 
 
 J Sabine's Loyalists, p. 594. D. Brymner's reports on Canadian Archives. 
 Dr. Carjiiff s Settlement of Upper Canada, p. 439, 440. Orderly book and mem- 
 orandum 'Dook in the author's possession. The Canadian Antiquary, July, 1889. 
 
Old Eastern District. 173 
 
 secure the Baronet's person. He, learning of this intention, 
 secured his most valuable effects and escaped to the woods 
 with about seven hundred followers, determined to proceed to 
 Canada. After enduring almost every imaginable hardship, 
 he and the principal part of his followers arrived at Montreal. 
 He was soon appointed a Colonel, and authorized to raise a 
 regiment, called "The King's Royal Regiment of New York."* 
 It appears from a letter in the Haldimand Collection, that 
 it was known on the 8th of August, 1776, f that Sir John 
 Johnson and his followers were on their way to Montreal. A 
 direction was given on the 24th of that month that he be sup- 
 plied with batteaux.J In September, 1776, he was authorized 
 to raise a battalion. On the 19th of September, -1776, § 
 Edward Foy, D.A.G., wrote to him " that the officers for the 
 new corps were to be divided, so as to assist those distressed 
 by the rebellion," and on the 24th of September, 1776, Foy 
 wrote "that there ai-e to be no pluralities of offices in his 
 corps." II On the 26th of September, 1776, Sir John was 
 ordered to bring his regiment to Laprairie, to join the army, 
 if necessary.** On the nth of November, 1776, f-f- D. A. G. 
 Foy wrote to Major Gray, of the Royal Regiment of New 
 York, that refugees with his regiment were not to be com- 
 pelled to serve, but to be sheltered and supplied with neces- 
 saries. On the 1st of December, 1776, the D. A. G. wrote 
 Major Gray about the arrangements for receiving the U. E. 
 Loyalists from New York, under the conduct of the Messrs. 
 Jessup.|| On the 13th of January, 1777, Sir Guy Carleton 
 wrote to General Phillips, applauding the spirit of the Royal 
 Regiment of New York, and making arrangements for the 
 
 * Report on Canadian Archives for 1885. 
 t Haldimand Collection— Book 20, p. 135. 
 
 X B. 39. P- i°9- 
 §B.39, p. 170. 
 ilB. 39, p. 181. 
 ** B. 39, p. 186. 
 +t B. 39, p. 251. 
 XX B. 39, P- 283- 
 
174 Lunenburgh, or the 
 
 care of refugees with that corps.* On the 14th of January^ 
 1777, Edward Foy, D.A.G., directs Major Gray, of the Royal 
 Regiment of New York, that the oath of allegiance is to be 
 administered to all refugees from New York, or other govern- 
 ments.f On the 3 ist of January, 1777, Foy wrote to Ephraim 
 Jones, that there was no foundation for the report that another- 
 battalion to Sir John Johnson's regiment was to be formed. X 
 On the 24th of March, 1777, Lord George Germaine wrote 
 from Whitehall, London, to Sir Guy Carleton, that he had 
 received notice of Sir John Johnson's arrival at Montreal ; that 
 the distress and loyalty of the people in that part of the coun- 
 try from which he came justify the raising of a battalion there, 
 and that the King approves of this, and of Sir John having 
 been raised to the command.§ On the i6th of April, 1777, 
 warrants for clothing were sent to Major Gray.|| On the 28th 
 of April, 1777, Sir Guy Carleton wrote to General Phillips,, 
 approving of sending to MajorGray the men for Albany.** On 
 the 1 2th of May, 1777, Edward Foy, D.A.G., wrote to Major 
 Gray, that he is to give orders to Sir John Johnson's corps to 
 be in readiness to march -f-f- under Colonel St. Leger. +;|: On 
 the 1 2th of July, 1780, General Haldimand wrote to Lord 
 George Germaine, and mentioned Sir John Johnson's success- 
 ful expedition on the Mohawk. §| On the 13th of July, 1780,. 
 General Haldimand wrote to Sir John Johnson, authorizing 
 him to raise a second battalion.il!! On the 12th of April, 178 1, 
 Lord George Germaine wrote to General Haldimand, and 
 stated that Sir John Johnson's corps was to be placed on the 
 
 * B. 39, p. 330. 
 + B. 39, p. 338. 
 t B- 39, P- 345- 
 § B. 38, p. s. 
 II B. 39, p. 432. 
 " B. 39, p. 447. 
 
 tt The e.\pedition from Oswego to the Valley of the Mohawk. See Stone's 
 ■ Life of Brant." Vol. i, chap. lo. 
 X% B. 39, p. 447. 
 §§ B. 54, p. 284. 
 III! B. 47, p. 10. 
 
Old Eastern District. 175 
 
 establishment, and referred to his and Carleton's meritorious 
 conduct* 
 
 It is not known whether or not the Royal Regiment of New 
 York was with Gen. Burgoyne's army in the attempted advance 
 to Albany. Some-|- of those who joined the regiment were 
 with Burgoyne in the unlucky expedition commanded by him, 
 but were not made prisoners under the capitulation, as most of 
 the Provincial troops under his command were sent back to 
 the frontier, when it was found that the army was compelled 
 to retreat. Many of the Provincials considered this a fortun- 
 ate circumstance for them, as they feared that their fate would 
 have been " a lang rope and a short shrift," if they had fallen 
 into the power of the Continental army.;[: Dr. Canniff says | 
 that the regiment took a conspicuous and noble part in the 
 war, although those who feared them, and were unequal 
 to meet them in combat, endeavoured to malign them. They . 
 were stationed at different places along the frontier, and were 
 engaged in the border warfare carried on between the Loyal- 
 ists and the Continentals. They were with Colonel St. Leger 
 in his expedition from Oswego to the Mohawk in 1777, and 
 were led by Sir John to Johnson Hall in May, 1780. The 
 
 • B. so, p. 80. 
 
 + The author has heard Samuel Anderson, who was a Captain in the Royal 
 Yorkers, speak of his having been with Burgoyne's forces in the advance from 
 Lake Champlain. 
 
 J The ninth article of capitulation is in these words :^" IX. All Canadians 
 and persons belonging to the Canadian establishment, consisting of sailors, batteaux- 
 men, artificers, drivers, independent companies, and many other followers of the 
 army who come under no particular description, are to be permitted to return 
 there (i.e., to Canada); they are to be conducted immediately by the shortest 
 route to the first British post on Lake George; are to be supplied with provisions 
 in the same manner as the other troops, and are to be bound by the same 
 condition of not serving during the present contest in North America." The 
 wording of the article is somewhat ambiguous, and a doubt might have occurred as 
 to whether the loyalists who had escaped from the revolted provinces were Can- 
 adians or belonged to the Canadian establishment, and whether they were in- 
 cluded in the capitulation. See the narrative of Lieut. -Col. John Peters, published 
 in the " Toronto Globe " of i6th July, 1877. 
 
 S Page 435. 
 
176 Lunenburgh, or the 
 
 names of the combats in which they took part are not now 
 ascertainable, but we may rest assured that wherever the 
 Royal Yorkers were, whether in the field or in garrison, they 
 did their duty as good and gallant soldiers. 
 
 An orderly book that belonged to Capt. Samuel Anderson, 
 who commanded the Light Infantry Company of the first 
 battalion, Royal Yorkers, is in the author's possession. It 
 contains nearly all the garrison and regimental orders from 
 the 14th of May, 1779, until the 3rd of August, 1780. 
 
 In May, 1779, the battalion was stationed at Carleton 
 Island, and with a portion of the Royal Highland Emigrants 
 and some of the Royal Artillery, formed the garrison of that 
 post. The troops appear to have been employed in complet- 
 ing the fortifications (named in the order of 14th of May, 1779, 
 " Fort Haldimand,") and to have been kept constantly on the 
 .alert by threatened attacks on the part of the rebels. 
 
 On the 2 1st of September, 1779, the Royal Yorkers were 
 sent to Niagara, to oppose the designs of the rebels against 
 that post* They returned to Carleton Island in October, and 
 in November they were sent to Chateauguay. Some of them 
 were stationed during the winter on Isle Perot, and some were 
 sent to Isle Aux Noix. 
 
 On the 23rd of July, 1780, they were ordered to Lachine. 
 How long they remained there is not known, as the last date 
 in the orderly book is the 3rd of August, 1780. 
 
 In the July number of the " Canadian Antiquarian " for 
 the year 1885, several extracts are given from an orderly book 
 in the possession of Major Latour. From that it appears that 
 in October, 1782, the first battalion was in Lower Canada, with 
 its headquarters at Terrebonne, where they remained until 
 July, 1783, and that they received orders on the 14th of that 
 month to march to Montreal, where they were stationed on 
 the 28th of September of that year. 
 
 As stated already, authority was given on the 13th of 
 July, 1780, to Sir John Johnson, to raise the second battalion. 
 
 * See Haldimand Collection, B. 54. 
 
Old Eastern District. 177 
 
 On the 28th of November, 1780, General Haldimand wrote to- 
 Lord George Germaine, sent him a return of the Royal Regi- 
 ment of New York, stated that the first battalion was com- 
 pleted, that the second battalion was in a foward state, and 
 represented Sir John Johnson's conduct favourably. Major 
 Latour's orderly book shows that on the 31st of October, 1782, 
 the second battalion was in garrison in one of the upper posts, 
 the name of which is not given. It also gives an order dated 
 1 2th November, 1782, containing the names of the officers of 
 the second battalion, and the promotions in the first battalion 
 consequent upon several officers having been transferred from 
 the first to the second. 
 
 Recruiting for the second battalion commenced as soon 
 as the order for its formation was made known. As officers 
 seeking promotion brought the recruits in, companies were 
 formed and sent on duty, and on the completion of the bat- 
 talion the names of the officers who had charge of it were put 
 in orders. 
 
 The following are extracts from the orderly book in the 
 author's possession. The first order is 
 " Garrison Orders. 
 
 " Fort Haldima.nd, May 14, 1779. 
 " Parole, ColcUngham ; Countersign, Berwick. 
 
 " The guards for the future to consist of an officer for the da)', one sergeant,, 
 two corporals and fourteen private men. " 
 
 On the 1 6th of May, it is ordered 
 
 " That the corporal at the east end of the island is to be careful and keep a good 
 look out, and keep no fires by night, nor more than one of them to sleep at a time, 
 as its apprehended a scouting party of the rebels is on the opposite side of the 
 river, and they will endeavour to surprise them if possible. If they observe any- 
 thing like an enemy, they are to abandon their post and return to the garrison. No- 
 soldier should be sent to that guard but young and active men. " 
 
 The order of May 17th, 1779, directs 
 
 " That every man of the Royal Regiment of New York is to be in the garrison ; 
 the keys to be given to the commanding officer every night at tattoo beating." 
 
 " Carleton Island, May 24, 1779. 
 " Parole, Niagara; Countersign, Detroit. 
 
 " The Royal Highland Emigrants are to take the guard to-morroH . Every man 
 
178 Lunenburgh, or the 
 
 -off duty is to be on parade to-morrow morning at 6 o'clock, to work and forward 
 the public works as fast as possible, in order to put the garrison in a proper posi- 
 tion of defence. 
 
 " Officer for the day, to-morrow. Ensign Prentice. 
 
 "The men of the Royal Yorkers, employed as artificers, are to join the arti- 
 ficers to-morrow morning." 
 
 By the order of 28th May, 1779, 
 
 "Lieut. David Smith of the Royal Highland Emigrants, is appointed Adjutant to 
 the garrison, and .Sergeant Dagg, of the Royal Highland Emigrants, is appointed 
 Sergeant-Major for the garrison. 
 
 "On occasion of an alarm, the troops in garrison are immediately to repair to 
 their alarm posts. 
 
 "The Royal Highland Emigrants alarm post to be from the north-east bastion 
 to the artillery hut. 
 
 "The Royal Yorkers alarm post is from the west bastion to their own barracks. 
 The alarm post for the engineers department, and the artificers is from the artillery 
 hut to the Yorker's barracks. 
 
 ' 'The shipwrights and carpenters belonging to the naval department, when the 
 alarm is given, are to immediately to repair to the fort to man the great guns, and 
 to receive their orders from Captain Shanks. '' 
 
 Garrison orders, June the 3rd, 1779 : 
 
 "The Royal Highland Emigrants and Royal Y'orkers are to fire three volleys 
 at 12 o'clock, to-morrow, in honour of His Majesty's birthday. The artillery are 
 to fire seven great guns, and to be be answered by the ships in the harbour by 
 seven each, the whole twenty-one.'' 
 
 June 6th, 1779 : 
 
 "A garrison court-martial ordered. Captain Anderson, president ; Lieut. Mc- 
 Donell, Ensign McDonell, Lieut. Damburgess, Lieut. McKenzie, members. " 
 
 In the orders of July 5th, 1779, the officer for the day is 
 Captain Neil McLean ; the officer for the guard. Ensign Neil 
 McLean.* 
 
 By the order of the 3rd of December, 1779, dram sellers 
 are strictly forbidden to sell any kind of spirituous liquor to 
 the soldiers, without an order in writing from an officer. 
 
 In the autumn of 1779, the officers got new clothing from 
 England, and by the order of the ist of December, 1779, the 
 Colonel recommends them to put themselves under stoppages 
 to reimburse Mr. Blackburn, by whom the clothing was sent 
 
 •The Hon. Neil McLean, father of Chief Justice McLean, Colonel Alex. 
 McLean and John McLean, at one time sheriff at Kingston. 
 
Old Eastern District. 179 
 
 out. They are also recommended to preserve the new uniforms 
 till the regiment appears in their new clothing. In the same 
 orders the inhabitants of Isle Perot receive great praise for 
 their spirited and loyal behaviour. 
 
 The following order, which is copied verbatim et literatim, 
 ■shows that some members of the old regiment were not 
 strongly imbued with the principles of total abstinence : 
 
 "R. O. 
 
 "Shaiugue, January 9th, 1780. 
 "It is the commanding officers orders, that for the future, each non- 
 ■commisoned officer and soldier for duty, be warned the day or night before hand, 
 or guard mounting, to prevent the indecences apearance of a drunking man going 
 upon duty, witch Lieut. Byrnes detekted the same day, an uncommisond officer, 
 ^oing even after guard mounting, as corporal of the guard, Beastly Drunk & 
 incapable of any service, ocasond from the neglect of the sergt, not timely warned, 
 in due notice given the men of the respective companys when for duty, therefore 
 •every non-commisoned officer, not paying due attencing to their orders, the may 
 •depend upon being broought to strict account." 
 
 Notwithstanding the display made of himself by the 
 unlucky corporal, the men of the regiment showed themselves 
 to be sober, steady and industrious, when they set to work to 
 clear their farms. 
 
 On the 27th of June, 1780, a regimental order was issued, 
 directing 
 
 ' 'That a return of the arms and accoutrements lost on the late expedition under 
 the command of Sir Tohn Johnson, be sent to the adjutant without loss of time, the 
 return to be signed by the officers commanding companies." 
 
 The expedition referred to in this order must be the one 
 made by Sir John Johnson with about five hundred men in 
 May, 1780, when he removed the family plate and papers from 
 the places where they had been concealed.* It is mentioned 
 as having been successful. See General Haldimand's letter to 
 Lord George Germaine, 12th July, 1780; see Haldimand 
 Collection, B. 54, p. 284 ; see Sir John Johnson's report. Ap- 
 pendix A, I. 
 / The names of the officers of the first battalion are given 
 
 in a memorandum book that belonged to the adjutant, John 
 
 * See Stone's "Life of Brant." Vol. 2, p. 72. 
 
i8o 
 
 Lunenburgh, or the 
 
 Valentine, and which is now in the author's possession.* The 
 hst is in the adjutant's handwriting. Some of the entries in- 
 the book are dated in 1785 : 
 
 Lieut. -Col. — Sir John Johnson, Bart. 
 Major — ^James Gray 
 
 Captains: 
 
 Saml. Anderson 
 John McDonell 
 Alex. McDonell 
 Archd. McDonell 
 Captain-Lieutenant — Allan McDonell 
 
 Angus McDonell 
 John Munroe 
 Pat Daly 
 Richard Duncan 
 
 Lieutenants: 
 
 Malcolm Mc Martin 
 Peter Everett 
 John Prentice 
 Hugh McDonell 
 Wm. Coffin 
 John Fredk. Holland 
 
 John Connolly 
 Jacob Glen 
 Miles McDonell 
 Ebenz. Anderson 
 
 Ensigns : 
 
 Jacob Farrand 
 Hugh Munro 
 Joseph Anderson 
 Thomas Smyth 
 Wm. Claus 
 
 Francis McCarthy 
 Duncan Cammeron 
 John Mann 
 Jas. Valentine 
 
 Chaplain — John Doty 
 
 Adjutant — ^John Valentine. 
 
 Quarter-Master — Isaac Mann. 
 
 Surgeon— Chas. Austin. 
 
 Surgeon's Mate — James Stewart. 
 
 The officers of the second battalion of the King's RoyaE 
 Regiment of New York were named in the following general 
 order : -f- 
 
 " Headquarters, 
 
 "Quebec, 12 Nov., 1782. 
 "Parole, St. John; Countersign, Torbay. 
 
 "The commander-in-chief having thought proper to direct Sir John Johnson, 
 Knight and Bart., to raise a second battalion to his corps, the follovi'ing appoint- 
 ments are to take place : 
 
 Majors : 
 John Ross Thomas Gummersal 
 
 Robert Leake Jacob Maurrier 
 
 • The author got this book from Mrs. Valentine, widow of the Adjutant, who- 
 died in 1829. 
 
 + See " Canadian Antiquary," for July, 1885. 
 
Old Eastern District. 
 
 181 
 
 William Morrison 
 James McDonell 
 
 Patrick Langan 
 Walter Sutherland 
 Wm. McKay 
 Neal Robinson 
 Henry Voung 
 John Howard 
 
 Will. Claus 
 Alexander McKenzie 
 Ronald McDonell 
 
 Captains : 
 
 Lieutenants : 
 
 Geo. Singelton 
 
 Wm. Redford Crawford 
 
 Jeremiah French 
 Phillip Lansingh 
 Huzelton Spencer 
 Oliver Church 
 Wm. Fraser 
 Wm. Griffin 
 
 Ensigns : 
 
 Samuel McRav 
 Thim. Thompson 
 John McRay 
 
 Chaplain — John Stewart. 
 
 Adjutant-Sergeant— Wm. Fraser, of the Thirty-Fourth Regiment. 
 
 Quarter-Master Sergeant— Matthew Dice, first battalion. Royal Yorkers. 
 
 Surgeon — Hugh Carson. 
 
 The Commander-in-Chief has been pleased to make the following promo- 
 tions in the first battalion of Royal Yorkers : 
 
 Lieutenants : 
 
 Archibald McDonell, 
 
 Austin Piety, 
 
 P. Everett, 
 
 J. Prentice, 
 
 H. McDonell, 
 
 J. F. Holland, 
 
 J. Hunter,* 
 
 to be Capt. -Lieut., 
 Lieut., 
 
 Gummersal, promoted. 
 
 A. .McDonell, 
 
 J. Maurrier, 
 
 W. Morrison, 
 
 J. McDonell, 
 
 G. Singelton, 
 
 W. R. Crawford, 
 
 Hugh Munro, 
 Joseph Anderson, 
 Thomas Smythe, 
 J. Connelly,* 
 James McAlpin, 
 John Valentine, 
 J. Glen, 
 
 Ensigns ; 
 to be Ensign, 
 
 A. Piety, 
 P. Everett, 
 J. Prentice, 
 H. McDonell, 
 J. Holland, 
 Patrick Langan 
 W. Sutherland, 
 
 promoted. 
 
 *The Haldimand Papers, series B., vol. 158, p. 359, gives this list with 
 the exceptions that ' ' Walter Sutherland's" name appears instead of " J. Hunter's " i 
 that of " William Claus " instead of "J. Connelly "; and that of " Charles Austin '' 
 instead of J. Glen. For full lists of the officers see Appendix A., 13-14. 
 
 n 
 
1 82 Liiiienbutgh, or the 
 
 By order of the i gth November, 1782, the officers of the 
 first battalion are distributed to companies in the following 
 manner : 
 
 Generals— Capt. -Lieut, Archd. McDoncll, Ensign Smythe. 
 Majors — Lieutenant McKenzie, Ensign Farrand. 
 Arch'd. McDonell's — Lieutenant Allan McDonell. 
 ]\IuNRo's — Lieutenant Byrne, Ensign Munro. 
 Daly's — Lieutenant Lepscom, Ensign Connelly. 
 DuNCAx's — Lieutenant Piety, Ensign Glen. 
 
 S. Anderson's— Lieutenant McMartin, Lieutenant H. McDonell. 
 JNO. McDonell's — Lieutenant Everett, Lieutenant Prentice. 
 Alex. McDonell's — Lieutenant Holland, Ensign Valentine. 
 J. Aniiermin's — Lieutenant Coffin, Ensign Anderson. 
 
 By general order of the ist of October, 1782, Lieut.-Col. 
 Sir John Johnson is appointed Brigadier General of the Pro- 
 vincial troops, and Capt. Scott, of the 53rd Regiment, his Major 
 of Brigade. Sir John had been appointed on the 14th March, 
 1782, Superintendent-General and Inspector-General of the 
 Six Nations of Indians and their confederates, and of all the 
 Indian nations inhabiting the Province of Quebec and the 
 frontiers thereof 
 
 On the nth of July, 1783, a regimental order was issued 
 at Terrebonne, as follows : 
 
 " The discharges of the Germans and other recruits who join the regiment 
 and have served in other regiments, to be taken from them, and kept in the 
 hands of the captain of the companies they belong to, until the regiment is 
 disbanded, at which time they will get a discharge from this and the former 
 one, which will entitle them to the same advantage as a British subject, pro- 
 viding their behaviour deserves it.'' 
 
 This order was preparatory to the disbanding of the corps 
 raised for service during the war. Orders were sent from 
 England in July, 1783, to the Governor at Quebec, to make 
 arrangements for granting lands to Loyalists and discharged 
 soldiers. Further orders were sent later in the same year, 
 directing a general disbanding of the Provincial corps. On 
 the 1 8th of November, 1783, General Haldimand acknow- 
 ledged the receipt of the orders, and stated that he could not 
 disband the troops till spring. The Royal Yorkers were on 
 
Old Eastern District, 183 
 
 ■duty in Montreal on the 28th of September, 1783, and with 
 the other corps were no doubt kept on until the spring of 
 1784* 
 
 The author has been unable to obtain any further details 
 -of the regimental history of the Royal Yorkers, except as to 
 their uniform. Both Sabine and Dr. Canniff state that they 
 were called " The Royal Greens." On the first formation of 
 the corps the uniform may have been green, but it was cer- 
 tainly scarlet at a subsequent period. The uniform worn by 
 Lieut. Jeremiah French, of the second battalion, is still in 
 existence, carefully preserved by his grand-daughter, Mi's. 
 Knight, now living at Cornwall. The coat is of scarlet cloth, 
 with blue facings and gold lace, a small epaulette of gold 
 fringe on each shoulder. The buttons are gilt, with the letters 
 and words " K. R. R., New York," stamped on them. The 
 dress waistcoat is scarlet, with gilt buttons. The undress 
 waistcoat and breeches are of white cloth. The suit requires 
 only the cocked hat, stockings, boots or buckled shoes, and 
 crimson sash, to be complete. 
 
 *See post, page 189. 
 
184 Lunenburgh, or the 
 
 CHAPTER XX. 
 
 The following account of the Royal Highland Emigrants^ 
 or the old Eighty- Fourth, is taken from Brown's "History of 
 the Scottish Highlands," 1 775- 1783 : 
 
 " Two battalions, first battalion, Quebec second battalion^ 
 settle in Canada and Nova Scotia. 
 
 " The first battalion was to be raised from the Highland 
 Emigrants in Canada, and the discharged men of the 42nd, of 
 Eraser's, and of Montgomery's Highlanders, who had settled in 
 North America, after the peace of 1763. 
 
 " Lieutenant-Colonel Alan McLean (sonof Torloish)ofthe 
 late 104th Highland Regiment, was appointed Lieutenant- 
 Colonel Commandant of the first battalion. Captain John 
 Small, formerly of the 42nd and then of the 21st Regiment,, 
 was appointed Major Commandant of the second battalion,, 
 which was to be raised from emigrants and discharged High- 
 land soldiers who had settled in Nova Scotia. Each battalion 
 was to consist of 750 men, with officers in proportion. The 
 commissions were dated the 14th of June, 1775. 
 
 " Great difficulty was experienced in conveying the re- 
 cruits who had been raised in the back settlements to their 
 respective destinations. A detachment from Carolina was 
 obliged to relinquish an attempt to cross a bridge defended by 
 cannon, in which Captain McLeod, its commander, and a num- 
 ber of the men were killed. Those who escaped reached their 
 destination by different routes. When assembled, the first 
 battalion, consisting of 350 men, was detached up the river St. 
 Lawrence, but hearing that the American general, Arnold, 
 intended to enter Canada with 3,000 men. Colonel McLean 
 returned with his battalion by forced marches, and entered 
 Quebec on the 13th November, 1776. The garrison of Quebec^ 
 
Old Eastern District. 185 
 
 previous to the arrival of Col. McLean, consisted of only 50 
 men of the Fusiliers, and 700 militia men and seamen. Gen- 
 eral Arnold, who had previously crossed the river, made a 
 spirited attempt on the night of the 14th to get possession of 
 outworks of the city, but was repulsed with loss, and forced to 
 retire to Point au Tremble. Having obtained a reinforcement 
 of troops, under General Montgomery, Arnold resolved upon 
 an assault. Accordingly, on the 31st of December, he advanc- 
 ed towards the city, and attacked it in two places, but was 
 completely repulsed at both points. In this affair General 
 Montgomery, who led one of the points of attack, was killed, 
 and Arnold wounded. 
 
 Foiled in this attempt. General Arnold took up a position 
 ■on the Heights of Abraham, and by intercepting all supplies, 
 reduced the garrison to great straits. He next turned the 
 blockade into a seige, and having erected batteries, made sev- 
 eral attempts to get possession of the lower town, but Colonel 
 McLean, to whom the defence of the place had been intrusted 
 by General Guy Carleton, the Commander-in-Chief, defeated 
 him at every point. 
 
 After these failures General Arnold raised the seige and 
 evacuated Canada. 
 
 The battalion, after this service, was employed in various 
 small enterprizes during the war, in which they were generally 
 successful. 
 
 They remained so faithful to their trust, that notwith- 
 standing that every inducement was held out to them to join 
 the Revolutionary standard, not one native Highlander de- 
 serted. Only one man was brought to the halberts* during 
 the time the regiment was embodied. 
 
 Major Small being extremely popular with the Highland- 
 ers, was very successful in Nova Scotia, and his corps contain- 
 ed a greater proportion of them than the first battalion. Of 
 
 • That is, flogged. The sergeants carried long pikes, called halberts, instead 
 ■of muskets, and when a man was to be punished with the lash, he was fastened 
 to a triangle formed of three halberts. 
 
1 86 Lunmburgh, or the 
 
 ten companies which composed the second battalion, five I'c- 
 mained in Nova Scotia* and the neighboring settlements during" 
 the war, and the other five, including the flank companies, join- 
 ed the armies of General Clinton and Lord Cornwallis. The 
 Grenadier Company was in the battalion which, at Eutaw 
 Springs, " drove all before them," as stated in his despatches by 
 Colon-el Alexander Stuart, of the 3rd Regiment. 
 
 In the year 1778 the regiment, which had hitherto been 
 known only as the Royal Highland Emigrants, was numbered 
 the 84th, and orders were issued to augment the battalions to 
 I,CX30 men each. Sir Henry Clinton was appointed Colonel- 
 in-Chief The uniform was the full Highland garb with purse 
 of racoon skin. The officers wore the broad-sword and dirk, 
 and the men a half-basket sword. At the peace the officers 
 and men received grants of land, in the proportion of 5,000 
 acres to a field officer, 3,000 to a captain, 500 to a subaltern, 
 200 to a sergeant, and 100 to a private soldier. The men of 
 the first battalion settled in Canada, and those of the second in 
 Nova Scotia, forming a settlement which they named Douglas. 
 Many of the officers, however, returned home.-f- 
 
 The Royal Highland Emigrants are mentioned in a letter 
 from Major Hutchison to General Haldimand dated at Boston,. 
 30th Sept., 1775, in which it is stated that Lt.-Colonel McLean 
 is raising a corps (Royal Highland Emigrants) in Canada. * 
 
 On the 1 6th of April, 1779, Lord Geo. Germaine wrote ta 
 General Haldimand that the Royal Highland Emigrants were 
 put on the establishment of the army and numbered the 84th. 
 
 •In August, 1779, the garrison of Halifax consisted of part of the 
 Seventieth Regiment, under Lieutenant-Colonel Birne, part of the second bat- 
 talion of Emigrants, and about six hundred Hessians. Brigadier McLean sailed 
 from Halifax to Penobscot with seven hundred and fifty men, and fortified 
 bhnself there. — Brymner's Report on Archives, 1887, p. 470. 
 
 + Colonel McLean, when a subaltern in the Scotch Brigade in Holland, was. 
 particularly noticed by Count Lowendahl, for his bravery at Bergen-op-Zooin, in 
 1774- 
 
 J Haldimand Collection — B. 20, p. 35. 
 
Old Eastern District, 187 
 
 Twenty men were to be added to each company, increasing 
 each battalion by 200 men, who were to be raised in America.* 
 
 Major Edward Jessup's corps, the Loyal Rangers. 
 
 This corps was raised in 1776. On the ist of December, 
 in that year, Edward Foy, D. A. G., wrote to E. Jessup that 
 his party is to be provided for by General Phillips, f 
 
 On the 1 2th of December, Sir Guy Carleton wrote to 
 General Phillips that the Messrs. Jessup were to be appointed 
 captains as a provision for them, and stated the arrangements 
 about forming a corps of the refugees. ; 
 
 The-^ollowing order was issued from headquarters on the 
 4th of November, 1782 : § 
 
 "The Commander-in-Chief is pleased to make the following promotions in the 
 Loyal Rangers, commanded by Major Edward Jessup : 
 
 " Lieutenant Thomas Eraser is appointed captain to tenth company. — 22nd; 
 June, 1782. 
 
 "John Ruster is appointed lieutenant, vice Thomas Eraser, promoted. — 22nd; 
 June, 1782. 
 
 " Hermanus Best, to be ensign in Captain Myer's company — 30th May, 1782.. 
 
 "James Robbins is appointed lieutenant to Captain Eraser's company. — 22nd' 
 June, 1782. 
 
 ' ' William Lawson is ensign in Captain Eraser's company — 22nd June, 1 782, 
 
 " Ensign Edward Jessup is appointed lieutenant, vice Thomas Eraser, pro- 
 moted. — 22nd June, 1782. 
 
 " Conrad Best from the Pensioners, ensign, vice Edward Jessup, promoted. — 
 1782. 
 
 " Sergeant John Ferguson of 29th Regiment is apppointed quarter-master. — 
 
 24th Oct., 1872. 
 
 " (Signed), R. B. Lernault, D. A. G."' 
 
 The full list of the officers of the corps in 1783, is given 
 in Appendix A, 11. 
 
 Lists of the officers of the corps raised and commanded 
 respectively by Ebenezer Jessup, Peter Drummond (who suc- 
 ceeded Major McAlpine), John Peters and Major Leake, are 
 given in Appendix A, No. 10. 
 
 •Haldimand Collection— B. 43, p. 113. 
 t Haldimand Collection— B. 39, p. 282. 
 X Haldimand Collection— B. 39, p. 298. 
 § " Canadian Antiduary," July, 1885. 
 
1 88 Lunenburgh, or the 
 
 The uniform of the Messrs. Jessup's corps appears to have 
 been changed thrice. 
 
 On the 1 2th of January, 1777, Major Gray, of the King's 
 Royal Regt., of New York, wrote to Sir Guy Carleton that, 
 according to orders, he had bought uniforms for the Messrs. 
 Jessup and their followers, red, turned up with green. 
 
 On the 9th of December, 1778, Captains Leake, Jessup (2) 
 and Adams, represent to General Haldimand the danger of the 
 Loyalists wearing the clothing in store, blue faced with white, 
 as it is the same as the uniform of some of the enemy's corps, 
 and ask to be supplied with red.* » 
 
 Major Jessup is informed by a letter dated 14th January, 
 1 78 1, that clothing is ordered for his corps of Rangers,- and 
 that green is to be the colour of the uniform.-f- 
 
 Butler's Rangers appear to have been raised in 1777. In 
 a letter written by Sir Guy Carleton, dated 15th of Sep- 
 tember in that year, he states "that he has sent beating orders 
 to Colonel Butler, and instructions to raise a corps of Rangers 
 to serve with the Indians. \ 
 
 On the 3rd of August, 1779, Butler's success at Cherry 
 Valley is mentioned in a letter from Lord Geo. Germaine to 
 General Haldimand. X O" the 13th of September, 1779, 
 General Haldimand, in a letter to Lord George Germaine, 
 mentions the efficiency of Butler's Rangers. 
 
 On the 20th of November, 1781, General Haldimand wrote 
 to Lord Townshend, recommending the officers of Butler's 
 Rangers to half pay. § 
 
 For a list of the officers in 1783, see the Appendix A, 
 12. 
 
 On the 23rd of January, 1779, Lord Geo. Germaine sent 
 
 * Report on Archvies, 1888, p. 642. Haldimand Collection, B. 158, p. 9. 
 
 * Report on Archives, 1888, p. 684. Haldimand Collection, B. 161, p. 6. 
 
 * Report on Archives, 1888, p. 725. Haldimand Collection, B. 163, p. 75. 
 + Haldimand Collection, B. 40, p. 3. 
 
 t Haldimand Collection, B. 43, p. 169. 
 § Haldimand Collection, B, 60, p. 36. 
 
Old Eastern District. 189 
 
 ■an order to Sir Henry Clinton that officers of Provincial corps 
 ■were to take rank with British officers, to receive gratuities for 
 wounds, and to hold permanent rank in America.* 
 
 By an order' of the 2nd January, 1787, no post place or 
 garrison was to be surrendered on any terms which might dis- 
 criminate between the Loyalists and the King's troops. -f- 
 
 On the 14th of February, 1783, the provisional articles of 
 peace with the United States of America, signed on the 30th 
 November, 1782, were sent by Lord Sidney to General Haldi- 
 mand. J 
 
 On the 8th August, 1783, Lord North wrote to General 
 Haldimand ordering the disbanding of the 84th and Sir John 
 Johnson's two battalions. § 
 
 Haldimand wrote on the i8th November, 1783, to Lord 
 North, that he could not disband the corps until the spring, |1 
 and that he was making preparations for settling Loyalists near 
 Cataraqui. 
 
 In July, 1783, a survey was made at Cataraqui by Major 
 Holland, as many of the Loyalists were coming in. ** 
 
 It is stated in letters written on the i8th and 27th Novem- 
 ber, 1783, that the Loyalists were to receive their lands by lot,-|"|- 
 and that they were to be settled on the St. Lawrence towards 
 the Ottawa, and on the Bay of Chaleurs,JJ: and on the 3rd of 
 March, 1785, General Haldimand informed Lord Sydney that 
 he had given the Loyalists full rations before they left Que- 
 bec, and recommended that it be continued till June, I786.|§ 
 This recommendation was complied with, and the Loyalists 
 -svere assisted by the Government for three years, until they 
 •would get some return from their farms. 
 
 * Haldimand Collection, B. 43, p. 64. 
 
 t Haldimand Collection, B. 50, p. 238. 
 
 % Haldimand Collection, B. 50, p. 250. 
 
 § Haldimand Collection, B. 50, p. 139. 
 
 II Haldimand Collection, B. 56, p. 186. 
 
 ** Haldimand Collection, B. 57, p. 546, and B. 58, p. loi. 
 
 f-j- Haldimand Collection, B. 57, p. S94- 
 
 %% Haldimand Collection, B. 56, p. 199. 
 
 |§ Haldimand Collection, B. 58, p. 45. 
 
I go Lunenburgh, or tfie 
 
 In the autumn of 1782 there was a large force in Canada.. 
 The orderly book of Major Latour contains the following order- 
 assigning the winter quarters for the army in Canada : 
 
 " Heaquarters of the Army, 
 
 "October 21, 1782. 
 "Quebec — Detachment of Royal Artillery 44th Regiment, Grenadier com- 
 pany of 31st Regiment. 
 
 " L'Ange Gardien, Chateau Richer, .Ste. Anne, St. Fereol, St. Joachim — 
 
 II Regiment of Prince Frederick. 
 
 " Pointe-Au.\ -Trembles, Jacques Cartier, Cap .Sante, Deschambanlt, Gron- 
 dines — 31st Regiment. 
 
 ' ' Three Rivers — Detachment of one officer and 25 men of the Regiment of 
 II Speeht. 
 
 "St. Thomas, St. Ignace, I'lslet — 1| Regiment of Losber. 
 
 "St. Jean, Portjoli, St. Roch, St. Anne, River Quelle, Kamouraska — 1| Regi- 
 ment of Auhalt Tebbs. 
 
 "St. Nicholas, St. Antoine, St. Croix — H Regiment of Hesse Hannaw. 
 
 ' ' Pointe du Lac — Detachment of Brunswick Grenadiers. 
 
 "Mashise Barracks — Loyalist families. 
 
 ' ' Berthier, Lanoraie, La Valtrie — [| Battalion of Brunswick Grenadiers. 
 
 "Isle St. Ignace, Isle du Pas — Light company 31st Regiment. 
 
 " River Sorel, Sorel — Royal Artillery, || Regiment of Reidhavel, two 
 companies of the || Regiment of Rhedz. 
 
 " St. Ours, .St. Denis, ,St. Charles — Three companies of the || Regiment of' 
 Thitz. 
 
 " Loyal block houses on the River Vamaska — Detachment of Jessup's Rangers. 
 
 " St. Antoine, Beloeil — 1| Brunswick Dragoons. 
 
 " Chambly and St. Johns — 29th Regiment and Royal Rangers. 
 
 " Isle Aux Noix and Pointe au Faire — S3rd Regiment. 
 
 " Royal block house on Dutchman's Point — Detachment of Jessup's Rangers. 
 
 "St. Sulpice, Repentigny, L'Assomption — 1| Battalion of Earner. 
 
 "Terrebonne, Mascouche de Terrebonne, Isle Jesus — First battalion Royal 
 Yorkers. 
 
 " N.B. — The large families of both battalions to be lodsred in the barracks o£ 
 Lachenay. 
 
 " Montreal — 34th Regiment. 
 
 " River du Chene, Mille Isle — Loyalists of Vershise. 
 
 " Lachine barracks and Coteau du Lac — Detachment of 34th Regiment. 
 
 ' ' Laprairie, .St. Phillipe, Chateauguay — [| Hamran Chasseurs. 
 
 " Upper Posts. Coteau du Lac, Oswego — 8th or King's Regiment, 84th 
 Regiment, second battalion Royal Yorkers, Butler's^Rangers, Captain Hersha- 
 man's Balteaumen." 
 
 Those marl<ed 1! are (jerman troops. 
 
Old Eastern District. 19 r 
 
 On the reduction of the forces at the close of the war in 
 1783, most of the German soldiers were sent back to their 
 homes. Not a few of them, however, remained in Canada and 
 settled on the lands granted to them. 
 
 Appended to this work is a list* taken from the copy of 
 the "Old U. E. list" preserved in the Crown Lands Department 
 in Toronto, published by the Centennial Committee in 1885,' 
 containing the names of ofificers and men of the 84th Regi- 
 ment, Royal Regiment of New York, and Loyal Rangers who 
 settled in the old district of Lunenburg. Appendix C. 
 
 * By peraiission of the publishers, Messrs. Hunter, Rose & Co. 
 
192 Lunenburgh, or the 
 
 CHAPTER XXI. 
 
 The greater number of the original settlers in the County 
 of Glengarry were Scots (Highlanders.) Nearly all the men 
 had served during the Revolutionary War, in the Royal High- 
 land Emigrants or in the King's Royal Regiment of New 
 York, most of them in the last named corps. There appears 
 to have been a considerable number of Scotsmen settled in 
 the Province of New York, principally in the Valley of the 
 Mohawk. They came to America in 1773, adhered to their 
 allegiance to the throne of Great Britain, accompanied Sir 
 John Johnson to Canada when he was forced to leave his 
 home at Johnstown, and joined the corps he was ordered to 
 raise in 1776. On the disbanding of this corps, many of them 
 settled in Lancaster, Charlottenburg and Cornwall. 
 
 On looking at the list of officers of the Royal Yorkers, it 
 will be seen that nearly half of them were Scotsmen ; fifteen 
 of the thirty-five officers of the first battalion, and thirteen of 
 the twenty-eight in the second battalion, have Scots names. 
 The proportion of Scotsmen among the non-commissioned 
 officers and privates, does not appear to have been so large. 
 
 The Township of Lancaster, called in McNiff's map "The 
 Lake Township," is said to have got the new name from Wil- 
 liam and Ralph Falkner, who emigrated to Canada from 
 Lancashire, in England, in 1776, and gave the name of their 
 native county to their home in the new world. 
 
 Charlottenburg, called in McNiff's map " Township No. i," 
 probably got its name in honor of Queen Charlotte, wife of 
 His Majesty George HL 
 
Old Eastern District. 193 
 
 In 1798, the rear part of the Township of Charlottenburg 
 was formed into a new township, called Kenyon, and in 1818 
 the Township of Lochiel was formed from the rear concessions 
 of Lancaster. It is stated by Croil * that Lochiel was first 
 settled in 1796, by some families from Glenelg, Scotland. It 
 would appear from the name of the new township, that some 
 of the " Cameron men" had directed their march to the north- 
 eastern portion of the County of Glengarry. 
 
 A fresh accession of settlers came to the county in 1802-3, 
 when three ships arrived at Quebec laden with emigrants from 
 the North of Scotland. fAmong them were the di.sbanded 
 soldiers of the Glengarry Fencibles, a regiment that had been 
 raised by the then Chief of Glengarry in 1794, for service in 
 Ireland. These men were accompanied by their chaplain, the 
 Revd. Alexander McDonell, afterwards Bishop of Kingston. 
 Several of them settled about St. Raphaels, where they built 
 the large stone church, that still remains a monument to their 
 industry and zeal. 
 
 Williamstovm, so called from the well known Sir William 
 Johnson, father of Sir John, was the centre of the old settle- 
 ment. A mill was built there by Sir John, and the village 
 grew up in its vicinity. The Village of Lancaster — or Kirk- 
 town, as it is called in some old- deeds and leases — was formed 
 at the mouth of River Aux Raisins ; and as mills were erected 
 in favorable sites, such as Martintown, Alexandria and Dal- 
 housie, small villages sprang up in their neighborhood. 
 
 The Revd. John Bethune, who had been chaplain to one 
 of the battalions of the 84th, came to Williamstown in 1787, 
 and gathered the Presbyterians there into a congregation. He 
 also took spiritual charge of the Presbyterian families at Lan- 
 caster, Summerstown and Cornwall, and caused a church to 
 be built at each place. That at Williamstown was used until 
 
 * Croil's Historical Report of the Presbyterian Church, and John McLennanV 
 paper on Glengarry, read before the Celtic Society of Montreal, 3rd December, 
 1885. 
 
 tjohn McLennan 's paper. 
 
194 Lunenburgh, or the 
 
 about 1 8 1 2, when a stone church was built ; the one at Corn- 
 wall stood for about fifty years, that at Lancaster for about 
 sixty, and the one at Summerstown attained about the same 
 age. There are gravestones in the old Kirk-yard at Lancaster 
 with the date of 178,5 on them. 
 
 One of the old settlers in Charlottenburg, Captain Alex- 
 ander McDonell, of the Royal Regiment of New York, drew 
 lots 25 and 26, in the first and second concessions of that 
 township, and built a stone dwelling house on the point form- 
 ing the front of his property. This is said to have been the 
 first stone house in the district. It was burned in the winter 
 of 1 813, but a portion of the walls is still standing a little to 
 the north of the light-house on Glengarry Point. 
 
 The Indian land, a narrow strip between the western 
 townships of Glengarry and the eastern ones of Stormont, is 
 said to have been intended for Sir John Johnson, and to have 
 been held for the Indians on Sir John's declining to accept it. 
 It has always formed part of the County of Glengarry. For 
 many years the farms in the Indian land were held on leases 
 from the Indians, at a small annual rent and for long terms. 
 The tenants becoming dissatisfied with this system, and de- 
 siring to have an absolute title to their lands, the Government 
 about forty years ago allowed them to commute the rents for a 
 fair equivalent in money, and to obtain patents for their farms. 
 The money paid was invested for the benefit of the Indians, 
 who receive the annual interest arising from it. 
 
 The author has been unable to procure much personal 
 information about the early settlers in Glengarry, or any other 
 of the counties. Mr. McLennan, in his paper on " Glengarry," 
 tells the story of a mother making her escape to Canada in 
 1776, with two young children on her back. "In her weary 
 journey through the woods, she thought her burden had be- 
 come lighter, and discovered that she had dropped one of the 
 youngsters. On retracing her steps for some distance, she 
 found him quietly sleeping beside a decayed log, over which 
 she had passed, his hands begrimed with earth. He lived to 
 
Old Eastern District. 195 
 
 ■old age, well known by the name of ' Spogan Dubh ' (black 
 paws), the exclamation of his mother on finding him." 
 
 The following interesting sketch was published in one of 
 the local papers : * "On the 19th of November, 1848, there died 
 at the residence of his eldest son, Mr. Duncan McDougall, 
 Charlottenburg, Mr. John McDougall, a U. E. Loyalist, at the 
 venerable age of 96 years. He was a native of Corrimony, in 
 the parish of Urquhart, Invernesshire, from which he emigrat- 
 ed in 1773, and settled at Little White Creek, in the State of 
 New York. On the breaking out of the Revolutionary war, 
 after receiving much ill-usage at the hands of the insurgents as 
 he rejected every inducement to unite with them, he managed 
 to join General Burgoyne's army, and acted with it till it sur- 
 rendered at Saratoga in October, 1777. On recovering his 
 liberty he joined the 84th Regiment, in which he served until he 
 was regularly discharged at Montreal, in 1779. In 1780 he 
 removed to Coteau du Lac, and in 1784 to the front of Lan- 
 caster, where he lived till within a few months of his death, re- 
 spected and esteemed by all who knew him. In 1790 he was 
 ordained elder of the first Presbyterian congregation in con- 
 nection with the Church of Scotland, formed in Upper Canada 
 under the Rev. John Bethune, and like his brother elders ap- 
 pointed at the same time, and now gone to the house appoint- 
 ■ed for all living, adorned the office by a life and conversation 
 becoming the Gospel. At the period of his death he was the 
 senior elder in the church in Canada, and probably in British 
 North America." 
 
 Mr. McLennan mentions the names of several officers of 
 the North- West Fur Company, who settled in Glengarry, viz. : 
 Mr. Duncan Cameron,-)- the Honorable John McGillivrayJ and 
 Hugh McGillis. David Thompson, who lived for many years at 
 
 * " Freeholder," 12th Februaiy, 1886. 
 
 t Father of Sir Roderick Cameron. 
 
 X Mr. McGillivray succeeded to the estate of Dunmaglas in Scotland, now 
 owned by his grandson. 
 
196 Lunenburgh, or the 
 
 Williamstown, was Astronomer-Royal on the North-West 
 Pacific coast, and was the discoverer of the Thompson River. 
 
 The names of Father John McDonald, who officiated for 
 many years at St. Raphaels, and died a few years ago at the 
 age of nearly one hundred years ; Lt.-Col. Duncan McDonell, 
 (Greenfield), Mr. Murdoch McPherson, who settled in Lancas- 
 ter at an early period and lived more than 100 years, John 
 McLennan, of Lancaster, the Rev. John McKenzie, the Hon- 
 orable Alex. Fraser, of Fraserfield, were all well known fifty 
 years ago. 
 
 As a curiosity connected with Glengarry, the following is 
 given, copied from the Cornwall "Freeholder" of 5th February, 
 1853. It is a list prepared by the late Col. Alex. Chisholm, of 
 Alexandria, giving the numbers of the different clansmen in 
 Glengarry in the year 1852. No doubt the numbers have 
 increased greatly since that date, but the proportion is 
 probably little changed from what it was then. The author 
 is indebted to Mr. Richard Tanner for two volumes of the 
 " Freeholder," in one of which this table was found : — 
 
A Taulb Showing the Xi;mi?f.r of Persons in Each of the Following Clans in the County of Glengarry, Taken from the Census 
 
 Return of 1852. 
 
 
 a? 
 
 n 
 D2 
 
 p — 
 
 a 
 
 n 
 ST 
 
 
 
 g 
 
 n 
 ft ■ 
 
 s 
 
 
 
 
 3 
 
 
 
 ?1 
 
 3 
 
 ft) 
 0^ 
 
 r 
 
 
 
 g 
 
 
 
 
 g 
 
 c 
 
 5' 
 
 3 
 
 ft 
 
 1 
 
 3 
 
 
 re 
 
 3 
 
 
 
 
 0- 
 
 s- 
 
 o_ 
 
 S 
 
 n 
 
 Q 
 
 cr: 
 
 C 
 
 n 
 
 -1 
 
 S 
 
 
 S 
 
 n 
 1 
 
 2 
 
 n 
 
 g 
 
 g 
 
 ri 
 > 
 
 
 
 
 p 
 
 p 
 
 p 
 
 
 ■ - 
 
 =3 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 '{■ 
 
 
 ? 
 
 
 
 ^ 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 p 
 
 
 
 ►-t 
 
 p 
 
 
 n; 
 
 
 
 
 
 ^ 
 
 P 
 
 
 Charlottenburg. 
 
 880 
 
 7 
 
 156 
 
 69 
 
 12 
 
 290 
 
 93 
 
 8S 
 
 119 
 
 Ill 
 
 SI 
 
 50 
 
 IS 
 
 27 
 
 57 
 
 67 
 
 3 
 
 49 
 
 67 
 
 45 
 
 88 
 
 73 
 
 28 
 
 35 
 
 
 7 
 
 63 
 
 30 
 
 52 
 
 35 
 
 ID 
 
 Kenyon 
 
 803 
 
 13S 
 
 71 
 
 163 
 
 .31 
 
 45 
 
 22S 
 
 25 
 
 153 
 
 44 
 
 155 
 
 53 
 
 20 
 
 79 
 
 39 
 
 34 
 
 : 48 
 
 65 
 
 13 
 
 38 
 
 16 
 
 '9 
 
 
 22 
 
 27 
 
 9 
 
 2 
 
 23 
 
 5 
 
 14 
 
 S 
 
 Lochiel 
 
 419 
 
 351 
 
 147 
 
 90 
 
 218 
 
 8 
 
 43 
 
 60 
 
 31 
 
 89 
 
 84 
 
 120 
 
 184 
 
 9') 
 
 35 
 
 SO 
 
 97 
 
 9 
 
 24 
 
 34 
 
 7 
 
 12 
 
 74 
 
 39 
 
 SO 
 
 66 
 
 7 
 
 '3 
 
 12 
 
 I 
 
 20 
 
 Lancaster 
 
 1126 
 
 49 
 
 167 
 
 134 
 
 76 
 
 72 
 
 35 
 
 186 
 
 30 
 
 78 
 
 14 
 
 39 
 262 
 
 24 
 243 
 
 37 
 242 
 
 64 
 195 
 
 25 
 
 9 
 
 17 
 
 35 
 
 16 
 
 3 
 
 6 
 
 
 3 
 99 
 
 22 
 99 
 
 I 
 83 
 
 72 
 
 6 
 
 72 
 
 I 
 
 70 
 
 18 
 
 68 
 
 12 
 
 Total 
 
 3228 
 
 S4S 
 
 S4I 
 
 456 
 
 437 
 
 415 
 
 399 
 
 i59 
 
 333 
 
 322 
 
 304 
 
 176 
 
 157 
 
 14Q 
 
 139 
 
 133 
 
 114 
 
 no 
 
 102 
 
 50 
 
Old Eastern District. 197 
 
 The following item, found in the Kingston " Chronicle" of 
 20th Dec'r, 1822* may interest some of the Glengarry men, 
 many of whom have yet a warm feeling for the gallant and 
 unfortunate Prince Charlie : " On the retreat of the Prince 
 from Culloden, he took shelter in a peasant's house, and being, 
 hotly pursued by cavalry, escaped, leaving his sword and spurs; 
 behind him. The sword was preserved as a sacred relic, and 
 was traced by McNab, of McNab, to Lochiel, Glengarry, where 
 it was found in possession of a settler named McKinnon, who 
 with his forefathers had been tenants of the McNab family, 
 who had lost their estates thro' attachment to the Stuarts. 
 The sword is now in possession of the McNab, of McNab." 
 
 In the graveyard in the old Village of Lancaster, there 
 are two tombstones dated in 1785, one to the memory of J. 
 McKenzie, the other to that of Alex. Ferguson, both of whom 
 were U. E. Loyalists. Ferguson suffered severely at the hands 
 of the rebels. He was taken prisoner, and was compelled to 
 run the gauntlet. He was then imprisoned and sentenced to 
 death, but was fortunate enough to make his escape to Canada, 
 where he joined the King's Royal Regiment of New York, in 
 which regiment McKenzie also served. 
 
 The following list of the officers of the Glengarry Fen- 
 cibles, raised about 1794, is taken from an army list for 
 December, 1798, in the possession of the author : 
 
 Gi.ENCARRV (OR BRITISH HIGHLAND) FeNCIKLES. 
 
 Colonel — Donald McDonald. i8th August, 1796. 
 
 LiEUT.-CoL. — Charles, McLean. 14th August, 1794. 
 
 Major — Alexander McDonell. nth Jan., 1797. 
 
 Captains : 
 Arch. Maclachlan Donald McDonald 
 
 Ronald McDonell Hugh Benson 
 
 James McDonald Arch. McDonell 
 
 Rod. McDonald. 
 
 Capt.-Lieut. and Captain — Alex. Macdonell 
 
 * Lent to rae by Colin D. Chisholm, Esq., of Alexandria, with many other old 
 papers, and the list of the officers of the Glengarry Light Infantry. o 
 
198 
 
 Lunenburgh, or the 
 
 Lieutenants : 
 
 John Macdonald 
 Arch. McLellan 
 James McNab 
 Donald Chisholm 
 Ronald McDonald 
 
 J. McDonell 
 D. Mclntyre 
 Alex. McDonald 
 Allan McNab 
 
 And. McDonell 
 Arch. McDonell 
 Fran. Livingston 
 Chs. Macdonald 
 
 Ensigns : 
 
 Alex. McDonell 
 Alex. McDonell 
 Donald McLean 
 Donald McDonell 
 John McDonald 
 
 Aujui ANT -Donald McDonell. 
 
 Quarter-Master — Alexander McDonell. 
 
 Surgeon — Alexander McDonell, 
 
 This is the regiment of which the late Bishop McDonell 
 was chaplain. It was on duty for some years in Ireland, and 
 was stationed in Kilkenny in 1798. 
 
 When the war of 1812 broke out, a regiment, called the 
 Glengarry Light Infantry Fencibles, was raised in the county 
 and took a distinguished part in the contest. It was dis- 
 banded in 1 8 16. The following is a list of the officers, taken 
 from an army list of that year : 
 
 Colonel — Edward Baynes. 
 
 LlEUT.-CoL. — Francis Battersby. 
 
 Majors — R. McDonell, Alex. Clark. 
 
 Captains : ^^ 
 
 T. J. Weeks 
 T. Fitzgerald 
 R. M. Cochrane 
 A. Roxboroiigh 
 T. Powell 
 
 James Stewart 
 Anthony Leslie 
 H. F. Hughes 
 Jas. McAulay 
 William Kemble 
 
 Lieutenants : 
 
 A. McMillai*--^ 
 Jas. Fitzgibbon 
 William Campbell 
 William Oates 
 George Jackson 
 
 Walter Kerr 
 Roderick Matthewson 
 Angus McDonell 
 R. Kerr 
 John McKay 
 
Old Eastern District. 199 
 
 Ensigns : 
 Jas. Frobisher John Fiaser 
 
 Alex. McDonell J. Moorhead 
 
 William Blair John Wright 
 
 A. McDonald j. Livingston 
 
 Thos. Gugy Noble Adams 
 
 Adjutant — ^J. Livingston 
 Quarter-Master— John Watson. 
 
 Surgeon — A. Cunningham. 
 Assistant-Surgeon— R. C. Home. 
 There were besides a number of companies raised in the 
 county, known as the Flank Companies, or " Flankers." Col. 
 D. McDonell (Greenfield), and Alex. McKenzie, of Williams- 
 town, were captains of two of them. 
 
 In the Counties of Stormont and Dundas, as in the 
 County of Glengarry, nearly all the men among the first 
 ■settlers were discharged soldiers. The majority of them had 
 ■served in the Royal Yorkers and Jessup's Rangers. 
 
 In 1786, as appears by McNiff's map, the Township of 
 Cornwall, then called No. 2, was occupied as far north as the 
 eighth concession.* One-third of the emigrants were Scottish 
 Highlanders ; another third were Germans, or Hollanders ; 
 the remainder were English, Lowland Scots, and Irish. Some 
 of the Highlanders who came out in 1803 also settled in this 
 township, and a church was built, in the neighborhood of 
 which a village called St. Andrews sprang up. A mill was ■ 
 built by J. Link on the River Aux Raisins, a short distance 
 below St. Andrews. Mills were also built at Milleroches-f and 
 Moulinette,J which were of great benefit to the country. 
 
 Among the early settlers in the Township of Cornwall 
 ;may be mentioned Cornelius Munro, the first Sheriff of 
 Lunenburg ; Captain John McDonell ; Captain Archibald 
 McDonell ; Miles McDonell ; Jacob Farrand, the first Clerk 
 of the Peace ; Captain Samuel Anderson, the first Judge of 
 
 * As reckoned on the eastern boundary, 
 t Robertson's mill. 
 tDi.\on's Mill. 
 
200 Lunenburgh, or the 
 
 the District and Surrogate Courts ; Robert I. D. Gray, first 
 Solicitor-General of Upper Canada ; the Honorable Neil Mc- 
 Lean, who was Sheriff in 1812, and afterwards Treasurer for 
 many years ; Captain Jeremiah French, the first member for 
 the County of Stormont. Of the next generation the names 
 of the Honorable Philip Vankoughnet, the Honorable Archi- 
 bald McLean, Dd. ^neas McDonell, William Bruce, and 
 Alexander McLean, will be remembered as those of repre- 
 sentatives of the county and leaders in many a hard-fought 
 political contest ; while Simon Fraser, who lived for many 
 years at St. Andrews after leaving the North-West Fur Com- 
 pany, must be held in remembrance as the discoverer of the 
 Fraser River in the Rocky Mountains.* 
 
 In the Township No. 3, (Osnabruck), many Germans and 
 Dutch settled in the first, second and third concessions. In 
 1795 they built a church in the front, through the exertions of 
 the Revd. S. Schwerdfeger, a Lutheran minister, and the 
 Revd. John Ludwig Broeffle, Presbyterian, both of whom 
 used the German language only. After the lapse of some- 
 years, the Revd. Louis Williams, an Englishman, officiated for 
 a while. Subsequently, Episcopal and Presbyterian congre- 
 gations were formed, which are still maintained. 
 
 In the County of Dundas, in 1786, the first and second 
 concessions of the front townships, Williamsburg and Matilda,. 
 ' were settled. About one-third of the settlers were Germans or 
 Hollanders. In 1789 the Lutherans of Williamsburg built a 
 church on the centre commons, in which the Rev. Samuel 
 Schwerdfeger began to officiate in June, i790.-f- 
 
 In 1792, a second Lutheran Church was built in Matilda. 
 The Rev. Mr. Schwerdfeger officiated in this, as well as at Wil- 
 liamsburg and Osnabruck, for about fourteen years. He died 
 in 1803, and was succeeded in 1804 by the Rev. Mr. Myers- 
 On his resigning the charge in 1 807, the Rev. J. G. Weagant 
 received a call from the three churches, which he accepted. In. 
 
 * .See page 205. 
 
 t See Croil's "Dundas," 251 et seg. 
 
Old Eastern District. 201 
 
 181 1 he joined the Church of England. Some of his people 
 followed hi^ example, but the greater number adhered to the 
 Lutheran Church, and in 18 14 induced the Rev. Mr. Myers to 
 return to Dundas. He, after struggling with adverse circum- 
 stances, also conformed to the Church of England in 18 17 and 
 settled in Matilda. In 1826 the Rev. Herman Hayunga was 
 sent to the Lutheran congregations, and by his unwearied zeal 
 and earnest ministrations, succeeded in gathering two respect- 
 able congregations. The second, a union of Lutherans and 
 Presbyterians, built a church in the centre of Williamsburg.* 
 His zeal and self-denial were remarkable. During the eleven 
 years of his labours he was never promised more than $250.00 
 a year, and seldom received $150.00. 
 
 Alexander Campbell and Thomas Eraser were the first and 
 second members for the County of Dundas. Henry Merkley, 
 John Crysler, Peter Shaver, John Cook and George Brouse will 
 be remembered as representatives of the county in the good 
 old days. With regard to the omission of the names of many 
 who have distinguished themselves during the last forty years, 
 it must be borne in mind that this work is not intended to give 
 anything more than an account of the settlement and early 
 history of the Eastern District. Even if it were a history of 
 the three counties down to the present day, it would be swelled 
 to an unreasonable bulk if an account was given of all those 
 men who have done honor to their respective counties in the 
 last eighty years in every occupation and phase of life at 
 home or abroad. 
 
 The story of the sufferings of Mr. John McDougall, given 
 in a previous page, is very similar to those of Col. Henry Merk- 
 ley, a former resident of Williamsburg, and of Captain Samuel 
 Anderson, who settled on his allotment of land about three 
 miles east of the Town of Cornwall. The adventures of these 
 three stout-hearted Loyalists are not more strange than those 
 of many other men of the Revolutionary period, the record of 
 whose sufferings has been lost, but they give the reader in the 
 
 * See Ci-oil'.s :; Diiiidas," 2',ii,. 
 
202 Lunenburgh, or i/ie 
 
 present day some idea of what the upholders of the unity of 
 the empire had to endure at the hands of the Revolutionary 
 party. 
 
 The following narrative is taken from the Toronto "Globe,"' 
 published in December, 1885: "Henry Markley,* a young un- 
 married man, was living in the Province of New York when the 
 Revolutionary war broke out in 1776. While at work one day 
 in his harvest field, he was set upon by two men, a father and 
 son named Young. The son, John Young, with his musket,, 
 shot young Merkley in the left side, felling him to the ground,, 
 but not quite killing him. He was about to finish his work 
 with the butt of his gun, when the father interfered, saying,. 
 ' John, you have done enough.' Young Markley was then, 
 thrown into Scoharie gaol, whence, after his wounds had healed,, 
 he managed to escape, and succeeded in crossing the Niagara, 
 river between Queenstown and old Fort Niagara. He joined 
 the King's Royal Regiment of New York, and served in that 
 corps until the close of the war in 1783, when he settled 
 in Montreal. He afterwards moved to Williamsburg, where 
 the old homestead is still held by some members of his family.. 
 He served in the war of 1812 as a field officer in the Dundas 
 militia. He was member of the Legislative Assembly for 
 Dundas in 1804- 1808." 
 
 One of the most heroic deeds in the life of the old soldier 
 remains yet to be told. "After the close of the Revolutionary 
 war, and when Mr. Markley was living in peace and quietude 
 on his farm, he was visited by his old enemy, John Young, who- 
 asked for forgiveness and something to eat. Mr. Markley, al- 
 though not feeling quite willing to entirely forgive one who- 
 had tried to take his life, yet did not give him a stone, but gave 
 the desired meal." Mr. Markley died at the age of 82. 
 
 Samuel Anderson, a son of Benjamin Anderson,-f- was born 
 4th May, 1736. He joined the King's forces under General 
 
 * The name is spelled " Mercle " in the U. E. List. 
 
 + Benjamin Anderson, born in the County Antrim, Ireland, in 1699; came- 
 to America in 1721; died at Corn-wall in 1792. 
 
Old Eastern District. 203 
 
 Abercrombie in 1758, and was for the three years following 
 under the command of Gen. Amherst. He was at the taking of 
 Ticonderoga in 1759; went to Oswego in the following year ; 
 was with Amherst's force in the expedition from that place 
 down the St. Lawrence to Montreal ; was one of the party that 
 attacked and took the French post near Oswegatchie, Isle de 
 Fort Levis, now known as Chimney Island ; was at the capture of 
 Montreal ; was sent back to Oswego and thence to Albany, in 
 charge of the sick and wounded, whence he was sent in 1761 to 
 take charge of the workmen in the engineer's department at 
 Crown Point On the reduction of the troops he settled on his 
 farm. In 1775 he was offered the command of a company in 
 the Continental service, which he refused. Some time after he 
 was offered the command of a regiment ; this was also re- 
 fused. He was then taken prisoner, and with many others 
 confined in Litchfield jail, where he suffered all but death, 
 until the beginning of 1777, when learning that he and his 
 companions were to be shot the next day, he, being a very 
 powerful man, wrenched the iron bars from the window, and 
 with his fellow prisoners escaped to Canada, where he was 
 given a captaincy in Sir John Johnson's regiment. He was 
 for a while with General Burgoyne's army, in charge of a 
 party engaged in making or repairing bridges between Lake 
 George and Fort Edward, the principal one being at the latter 
 place. On the reduction of Sir John Johnson's regiment 
 in 1784, Captain Anderson settled on the 1,200 acres of 
 land granted to him near Cornwall. From the time he was 
 imprisoned his wife and family suffered fearfully from the 
 cruelty of the Continentals until 1778, when she abandoned 
 all her property, paid the Rebel Governor 2s. 6d. for a pass, and 
 with her children made her way to Sorel, where her husband 
 was then stationed. Samuel Anderson was the first Judge of 
 the District and Surrogate Courts for the Eastern District. He 
 died in 1836 at the age of 100 years. 
 
 Mrs. Anderson's first information of her husband's escape 
 from prison, was from hearing a proclamation, offering a re- 
 
204 Luneftburgh, or the 
 
 ward of $500.00 for Samuel Anderson, dead or alive, read by a 
 Continental sergeant, who, with the party of soldiers under his 
 command, had billeted himself at her house. This party was 
 in charge of a number of cases of .arms, from one of which 
 Joseph (eldest son of Samuel), then a lad of about 14, with the 
 assistance of the negro servant, took two muskets and bayonets. 
 The following list, taken from the Upper Canada Gazette 
 of first of January, 1818, gives the names of the militia-men 
 who got pensions on account of wounds received at the taking 
 of Ogdensburg, and at the skirmish at Hoople's Creek, in the 
 Township of Osnabruck, during the war of 1812 : 
 
 Names. Regiment. Place. Date. 
 
 Buell, William ist Leeds Ogdensburg .... 22nd Feb. , 
 
 Baxter, Nathan " Brockville 7th " 
 
 Cain, Daniel " Ogdensburg .... 22nd " 
 
 Empey, Phillip Ist Stormont. . . " ....22nd " 
 
 Earner, Lieut. Peter. . " . .Osnabruck loth Nov., 
 
 McDermid, D ist Glengarry . . Ogdensburg .... 22nd Fell. , 
 
 McKinnon, Charles.. 2nd " ..Near Cornwall. loth Nov. , 
 McBean, Farquhar . . ist " . .Ogdensburg. .. .22nd Feb. , 
 
 McDonald, Donald.. Ist " .. " 22nd " 
 
 Munro, Finlay 2nd " . .Hoople's Creek. loth Nov. , 
 
 McDonald, John ist " . .Ogdensburg. . . .22nd Feb., 
 
 Ross, Thomas ist " .. " ....22nd ' 
 
 Robinson, James B. .. 2nd Grenville. . " ....22nd " 
 
 Randolph, Samuel. . .2nd " . .Prescott 24th Oct., 
 
 Serviss, Thos Stormont Ogdensburg. . . .22nd Feb., 
 
 Simon Fraser, the discoverer of British Columbia, who 
 died at St. Andrews, in the County of Stormont, in 1862, enter- 
 ed the service of North-West Fur Trading Company in 1792, 
 and was soon after sent to Lake Athabasca. He remained in 
 that vicinity for some years. In the year 1802 he became a 
 partner in the company. In 1805 he took part in the confer- 
 ence of the leading members of the company who met at Fort 
 William to consider the project of extending their operations 
 beyond the Rocky Mountains, and of occupying the country 
 westward to the ocean in advance of the American traders, 
 who had been penetrating as far north as the Columbia River, 
 
 
 Amou 
 
 NT 
 
 
 £ 
 
 s. 
 
 d. 
 
 1813. 
 
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 I8I4. 
 
 ..20 
 
 
 
 
 
 I8I3. 
 
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 1813-. . 
 
 .20 
 
 
 
 
 
Old Eastern District. 205 
 
 and were eagerly pushing their way further up the coast. The 
 members of the company, having decided to extend their out- 
 posts across the Rocky Mountains, and to establish trading 
 connections with the tribes of Indians west of the mountain 
 ranges, his partners deputed Mr. Fraser to undertake the task 
 of exploring that region, of establishing trading posts in that 
 unknown territory, and of occupying the country as British 
 traders. Mr. Fraser's diary shows that he left Fort William 
 ■on his long and perilous adventure in August, 1 805, passing 
 through the Lake of the Woods, Lake Winnipeg, up the Sas- 
 katchewan, past Cumberland House, then up English River as 
 far as Isle la Croix, up Buffalo Lake, then over Portage la Cache, 
 into the Athabasca river and lake to Fort Athabasca, up the 
 Peace River to the foot of the mountains, to a place which he 
 named the Rocky Mountain Portage, where he left two clerks, 
 Mr. Jas. McDougall and Mr. Arch. McGillivray, and twelve 
 men in charge. He then continued his route, with six men, to 
 Lake McLeod, so named by him, where he left three of his 
 men to form acquaintance with the Indians. In the year 1806, 
 having returned to the Portage for additional men, Mr. Fraser 
 penetrated westward to the Fraser River, which received its 
 name from him as its discoverer. He explored the Stewart 
 River, calling it after John Stewart, a clerk who was with him, 
 and at the distance of 120 miles from its mouth he established 
 a trading post, leaving Stewart and two men in charge, and 
 calling the place New Caledonia. Continuing his exploration 
 westward, he established another post at Fraser's Lake. The 
 despatches he sent to Fort Athabasca gave increased interest 
 to his undertaking, and he was pressed to push on to the ocean 
 and trace out the Fraser River, which at first he thought was a 
 branch of the Columbia. In the fall of 1807, two canoes with 
 goods, in charge of Messrs. Quesnel and Ferres, were sent to 
 his assistance. The former gentleman was afterwards member 
 for Montreal. They brought letters urging Mr. Fraser to con- 
 tinue his explorations and to occupy the country in advance 
 of the Americans, as t-ewis and Clark had, in the previous 
 
2o6 Lunenburgh, or the 
 
 year, gone down the Columbia, and were extending the terri- 
 tory of the Republic through that region, and John Jacob 
 Astor was also enlarging his operations northward. In the 
 summer of 1807 Mr. Fraser built another trading house on the 
 Fraser river, in about latitude 54°. In May 1808 he started 
 from Stewart lake with four canoes and sixteen men, traversing 
 the Fraser River to the ocean. The Indians of the interior had 
 never before seen the " pale faces," and it required great pru- 
 dence and skill to avoid a conflict and eventually win their 
 friendship. The North- West Fur Company having then add- 
 ed what is now British Columbia to their sovereignity, it re- 
 mained under their control till the fusion of that company with 
 the Hudson Bay Company in 1821, and 37 years after it be- 
 came a Crown colony. After the retirement of Mr. Fraser 
 from the company he was offered the honour of knighthood in 
 recognition of his services. His circumstances did not, how- 
 ever, warrant the acceptance of a title, and he died poor, leav- 
 ing his family unprovided for. In 1888 an application was 
 made to the Parliament of the Dominion of Canada, for the 
 grant of an annuity to Miss Harriet, the only surviving 
 daughter of Mr. Fraser, in recognition of the services rendered^ 
 by her father eighty years previously. 
 
Old Eastern District. 207- 
 
 CHAPTER XXII. 
 
 The settlers and their descendants, by steady persever- 
 ance, gradually changed the forest to cultivated fields, built 
 houses, made roads, and year by year became more comfort- 
 able and independent. It is unfortunate that the Assessors' 
 and Collectors' Rolls, from the first formation of the district^, 
 have not been preserved. They would now be invaluable helps 
 in tracing the annual progress of the townships. The only light 
 the author has been able to get as to the taxation from 1789 
 up to 1815, is from the records of the Court of General Quarter 
 Sessions. From 181 5 for about thirty years, the annual 
 aggregates of assessments and taxes are extant in the oiifice 
 of the Clerk of the Peace at Cornwall. 
 
 The first mention of the amount of the taxes is in the 
 record of the Quarter Sessions in 1796. On the 14th of April 
 of that year, it is stated that the Treasurer's accounts were 
 audited, showing that taxes to the amount of ;^486.i 7.6 had 
 been collected in the district, which then included the front 
 townships of the Counties of Leeds and Grenville. The first 
 Treasurer had been appointed in October, 1793, the second in 
 April, 1794. No previous accounting by the Treasurer is. 
 mentioned. It may, therefore, be safely assumed that the 
 sum above mentioned comprised the taxes for 1793, 1794 and 
 1795, making an average of £\62.'^.\o a year. On the 23rd 
 of April, 1800, the Treasurer's accounts for 1796, 1797 and 
 1798 were audited, showing the receipts to be ;^S37.7.S for the 
 three years, an average of iJ'179.2.6 a year. 
 
 No more information is obtainable until 1815, when the 
 aggregate for that year shows that the taxes of Stormont, 
 Dundas and Glengarry amounted to ;^67S.i3.8^. A copy of 
 this aggregate is given in full, and also a copy of the aggre- 
 gates for 1825, 1835 and 1845, showing the progress of the 
 counties to the latter date : — 
 

 
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210 Lunenbutgh, or the 
 
 Until the close of 1841, the Magistrates in General 
 Quarter Sessions, in addition to their duties as Judges in the 
 trial of criminal charges, had the control of the collection and 
 expenditure of the revenue of the district, and the decision of 
 all questions relating to the county property, and to the con- 
 struction and repair of roads and bridges. 
 
 On the 27th of August, 1841, the Statute 4 and 5 Victoria, 
 Chapter 10, establishing District Councils, was passed, and 
 came into force on the ist of January, 1842. Under this Act 
 each township was authorized to elect, at the town meeting in 
 January, one Councillor ; or, if the number of the voters in 
 the township amounted to three hundred or more, two Coun- 
 cillors. The Warden was appointed by the Government. The 
 Council was authorized to appoint a Treasurer, and to submit 
 the names of three persons to the Governor, who was to ap- 
 point one of them Clerk. Four meetings were to be held 
 each year. One-third of the Councillors were to retire at the 
 end of each year. Those who were to retire at the close of 
 the first and second years were drawn by lot at the last meet- 
 ing in the first year. At the close of the third year, and of 
 each succeeding year, the retiring Councillors were those who 
 had been longest in office. 
 
 In 1849, the Act establishing District Councils was re- 
 pealed. The division of the Province into districts was done 
 away with, and that by counties substituted. By 12 Vic, 
 Chap. 81, Township, Town and County Councils were estab- 
 lished. This system has continued to the present time, but 
 with the increasing population of the country there has been 
 such an increase in the number of Councillors that some 
 change in that respect seems to be advisable. The Councillors 
 Tinder the present system are elected annually, the several 
 municipalities electing their respective Reeves and Deputy- 
 Reeves, and the County Council electing their Warden, and 
 appointing their Clerk, Treasurer, and other ofificers. The 
 council of each municipality has the collection and expendi- 
 ture of its revenue and the management of its public property, 
 
Old Eastern District. 
 
 211 
 
 Toads, bridges, etc. The County Council has the charge of 
 the county revenues and property, and of such roads and 
 bridges as He between or connect two township municipalities. 
 
 The following is a list of the Wardens, Clerks and Trea- 
 surers from 1842 to 1889 : — 
 
 Year. 
 
 Warden. 
 
 Clerk. 
 
 Treasurer. 
 
 1842 
 
 ■ 
 
 
 
 
 to 
 
 ■Hon. Alex. Fraser 
 
 James 
 
 i Prinele 
 
 Alex. McLean 
 
 1850 
 
 
 
 (i ^ 
 
 Roderick McDonald 
 
 1850 
 
 Danl. E. Mclntyre 
 
 
 '< 
 
 '' 
 
 1851 
 
 Wm. Mattice 
 
 
 (( 
 
 (C 
 
 1852 
 
 Samuel Ault 
 
 Peter 
 
 J. McDonald 
 
 " 
 
 1853 
 
 Jacob Brouse 
 
 
 c( 
 
 (( 
 
 1854 
 
 Alex. McDonell 
 
 
 C( 
 
 c< 
 
 1855 
 
 Wm. Colquhoun 
 
 
 CC 
 
 " 
 
 1856 
 
 Dd. A. McDonald 
 
 
 (f 
 
 u 
 
 1857 
 
 Alex. McDougall 
 
 D. H 
 
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 if. 
 
 1858 
 
 William Elliott 
 
 J.F. 
 
 Pringle 
 
 " 
 
 1859 
 
 James McDonell 
 
 
 (( 
 
 (( 
 
 i860 
 
 Geo. McDonell 
 
 
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 ii 
 
 1861 
 
 Alex. G. McDonell 
 
 
 (( 
 
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 1862 
 
 James Craig 
 
 
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 " 
 
 1863 
 
 Alex. Mcintosh 
 
 
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 a 
 
 1864 
 
 Phillip Carman 
 
 
 " 
 
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 1865 
 
 James Fraser 
 
 
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 i( 
 
 1866 
 
 A. James Cockburn 
 
 
 ii 
 
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 1867 
 
 Asaph B. Sherman 
 
 Geo. 
 
 S. Jarvis 
 
 a 
 
 J 868 
 
 Archibald McNab 
 
 
 (( 
 
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 1869 
 
 Angus Bethune 
 
 Wm. 
 
 Bethune 
 
 " 
 
 1870 
 
 David Rae 
 
 
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 1871 
 
 Peter Kennedy 
 
 John Bergin 
 
 n 
 
 1872 
 
 John G, Snetsinger 
 
 
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 1873 
 
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 1874 
 
 A. E. McRae 
 
 
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 " 
 
 187s 
 
 John Brown 
 
 H. S 
 
 >. Macdonald 
 
 a 
 
 1876 
 
 Adam Harkness 
 
 
 *' 
 
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 1877 
 
 James Clark 
 
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 1878 
 
 Wm. Mack 
 
 
 cc 
 
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 1879 
 
 J. F. Chamberlain 
 
 
 *' 
 
 i( 
 
 1880. 
 
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 *' 
 
 1881 
 
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 1882 
 
 Jas. Dickey 
 
 
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 1883 
 
 A. J. Grant 
 
 
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 1884 
 
 F. D. McNanghton 
 
 
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212 Lunenburgh, or the 
 
 Year. AVarden. Clerk. Treasurer. 
 
 i88s Wm. McKenzie j^" ■['^^^°tt^g' j -'Eneas McDonakl" 
 
 1886 D. A. McArthur C. J. Mattice 
 
 1S87 Frank Anderson " 
 
 1888 J. F. Gibbons Henry Carpenter C. J. Mattice 
 
 1889 P. A. Stewart " 
 
Old Eastern District. 213 
 
 CHAPTER XXIII. 
 
 PRESBYTERIAN. 
 
 The history of the Presbyterian Church at Cornwall is 
 almost contemporaneous with that of the settlement of the 
 townships of Lancaster, Charlottenburg and Cornwall, by officers 
 and men of the Royal Highland Emigrants, or 84th Regiment, 
 and of Sir John Johnson's corps. "The Royal Regiment, of 
 New York," disbanded in 1784, many of whom took their lands 
 in those townships and settled there. A large proportion of 
 them were Scotsmen, and of the Scots not a few were Presby- 
 terians. 
 
 The Presbyterians were without the help of an ordained 
 minister of the Kirk until May, 1787, when the Revd. John 
 Bethune came to Williamstown from Montreal. He was born 
 in the Island of Skye in 1751. He studied at King's College, 
 Aberdeen ; became a licentiate of the Kirk of Scotland, and emi- 
 grated to South Carolina about 1773. On the breaking out of 
 the Revolutionary war, he suffered much at the hands of the 
 rebels, and was made prisoner by them. On regaining his 
 liberty he made his way to Halifax, Nova Scotia, where he 
 was largely instrumental in organizing the "Royal Highland 
 Emigrants," in which corps he was appointed chaplain in 1775. 
 When the regiment was disbanded in the spring of 1784, he 
 took up his residence in Montreal, where he preached to a 
 small congregation from 12th March, 1786, till May 6th, 1787, 
 when he removed to Upper Canada and settled at Williams- 
 town, in the neighborhood of which he had a grant of land as 
 a retired chaplain and a U. E. Loyalist. It may be mentioned 
 as a noteworthy circumstance, that of those Scotsmen who 
 were present at the organization of the first Presbyterian con- 
 
214 Lunenburgh, or the 
 
 gregation, in a room in Notre Dame street, Montreal, on the 
 1 2th of March, 1786, not a few had as youths been engaged 
 in the fight at Culloden, in 1 746, and several of them were the 
 children and descendants of those brave men who stood by the 
 side of " Prince Charlie" on that fatal field.* 
 
 Mr. Bethune resided at Williamstown, and ministered to 
 the Presbyterians there and at Lancaster, the front of Charlot- 
 tenburg and Cornwall. A church was built in each of these 
 places, in the year i787.-f- That at Cornwall was erected on 
 the south-west corner of lot No. 1 5, on the south side of Second 
 street. In this church Mr. Bethune preached to a small con- 
 gregation once every four or five weeks, | until his death, which 
 occurred in 181 5. He was for thirty years the only minister 
 of the Kirk of Scotland in Upper Canada. The church which 
 was built at Cornwall under his auspices, was a small, low 
 building. It was the first church erected in the town, and was 
 for some time the only public building in the place. It was 
 used on several occasions as the place for holding the Courts 
 of Assize and General Quarter Sessions both before and after a 
 court-house was built in the town, and the records of the Quar- 
 ter Sessions contain not a few entries of accounts passed for 
 damage done to the Presbyterian Church or meeting house by 
 the holding of courts in it. In the year 1805 a meeting of the 
 congregation of the Church of England was held in the "Pres- 
 byterian meeting house," at which resolutions were passed to 
 collect the money subscribed for the building of their church, 
 and to proceed with the erection of it. After the Revd. Mr. 
 Bethune's death, the congregation at Cornwall had no settled 
 minister until 1822, though Revd. Joseph Johnston, a licentiate 
 of the Synod of Ulster, who had been appointed master of the 
 District School in 1817, officiated in the old church until 1823, 
 
 *The Rev. Dr. Campbell's "History of St. Gabriel's, Montreal." 
 + The church built at Williamstown, was replaced about 1812 by a new one 
 built of stone ; those at Lancaster and Summerstown, stood for over half a century. 
 
 X William Colquhoun, of Cornwall, is a survivor of those who were baptised 
 by Mr. Bethune, in 1815. 
 
Old Eastern District. 215 
 
 ^vhen he removed to Osnabruck. He resigned the mastership 
 of the school in 1822, when the Revd. Harry Leith was ap- 
 pointed to the vacant mastership. He was a minister of the 
 Kirk of Scotland, and he took charge of that part of the con- 
 gregation who preferred him to the Revd. Mr. Johnston, and 
 held service in the District School-house, the church being 
 kept possession of by Mr. Johnston, until his departure to 
 Osnabruck, when the whole congregation united and used the 
 old church until the completion of the new one in the autumn 
 of 1826. 
 
 The new church, now old St. John's, was commenced not 
 long after Mr. Leith's arrival. The frame was put up about 
 1823, it remained for about two years unenclosed, but vigorous 
 efforts were made to have it completed. Subscriptions were 
 raised in Montreal, Kingston, Quebec and York, which amount- 
 ed to ^^2 3 5. 0.5, and which added to the contributions of the 
 congregation, enabled the trustees to finish the building. It 
 cost about ;£'500.0.0, and was finished and opened, as already 
 stated, in 1826. Three or four years after this date a sum was 
 subscribed for the purchase of a bell,* which still hangs in the 
 steeple. The old church was not used again as a place of 
 worship, but was utilized for various purposes ; sometimes as a 
 school-house, sometimes as a store-house, until it was pulled 
 down about 1834-35. 
 
 Soon after the completion of the new building the Revd 
 Mr. Leith got a call to the parish of Rothiemay, in Scotland, 
 which he accepted. He left Cornwall in January, 1827, for his 
 new charge, and the congregation was again without a minis- 
 ter. A call was given to the Revd. Hugh Urquhart, a minister 
 of the Kirk of Scotland, on the i6th of January, 1827, which 
 -was accepted by him, and he was inducted on the i8th Feb'y, 
 1827, by the Rev. John McKenzie, of Williamstown, and the 
 Rev. Archibald Connell, of Martintown. There were very few 
 
 * For many years this bell was rung thrice every day, viz.: at 6 a.m., 12 noon, 
 and 9 p.m. It -was, always used to give the alarm in case of fire until 1889, when 
 an electric fire alarm was connected with the bell of Knox Church. 
 
2i6 Ltmenburgh, or the 
 
 Presbyterian ministers then in Upper Canada, and no Presby- 
 tery had been formed at that time. 
 
 The Rev. Mr. Urquhart was appointed master of the 
 District School, and he attended diligently and faithfully to the 
 duties of the ministry and the school until 1 840, when he gave 
 up the mastership and devoted himself entirely to the work of 
 the church. In 1857, he received the decree of Doctor of 
 Divinity from the college in Aberdeen, at which he studied for 
 the ministry. He continued his labours with great satisfaction 
 and benefit to his congregation, until increasing years and in- 
 firmities rendered it necessary for him to obtain assistance. 
 
 In October, 1866, the Revd. John S. Burnet was chosen 
 assistant, and continued to minister acceptably until the 
 month of February, 1868, when he accepted a call to Martin- 
 town. 
 
 The Rev. Neil McNish, B. D., L L. D., was then chosen 
 assistant. He entered on the duties in November, 1868, and 
 on the death of the Revd. Dr. Urquhart in February, 1871, 
 succeeded him as minister of the congregation, and he has 
 from that time to the present worthily filled the position. 
 
 When Dr. Urquhart took charge of the congregation in 
 1827, no elders had been appointed and no Kirk Session had 
 been formed. This defect was speedily remedied. On the 
 1st of July, 1827, the members of the congregation, whose 
 names head the list of elders appended hereto, were set apart 
 to the office of the eldership. The first celebration of the 
 Sacrament of the Lord's Supper was held \vith all the old-time 
 solemnity on the 22nd day of July of that year, when tokens 
 were distributed to 113 persons; and in the same year the 
 first Sabbath School in connection with the church was opened. 
 
 The names of the elders, with the dates of their appoint- 
 ment, are as follows : 
 
 On the 1st July, 1827— Archibald MacLean, James Pringle, John Chesley, Adam 
 Johnston, William Johnston, John Cline, Martin McMartin, James' Craig. 
 
 ,On the 5th September, 1852— Thomas Thompson, James Milroy, William Kay, 
 Walter Colquhoun. 
 
Old Eastern District. 217 
 
 •On the 1st September, 1861 — Alexander MacLean, William Cline, John Irving, 
 William Mattice, Jacob Farrand Pringle, David Thompson, James Craig. 
 
 On the 20th June, 1875 — Donald Ban MacLennan, M.A., John Mclntyre. 
 
 On the loth June, 1877 — William Colquhoun. 
 
 •On the 23rd October, 1881 — Corydon Josephus Mattice, M.A., Alexander Peter 
 Ross, Thomas Finlayson. 
 
 The members of the Session now are : 
 
 18th June, 1888 — Jacob Farrand Pringle, (Judge), Donald Ban MacLennan, M.A., 
 John Mclntyre, William Colquhoun, Corydon Josephus Mattice, M.A., 
 Alexander Peter Ross, Thomas Finlayson. 
 
 30th December, 1888 — David Liddell, Alexander Gillespie Watson, Guy Carleton 
 Colquhoun. 
 
 Clerks of Session : 
 
 From the ist of July, 1827, to the 19th June, 1831— (i), Archibald McLean, 
 
 Clerk pro tempore. 
 From the igth June, 1831, to the time of his death, on the 13th Oct., i860 — (2) 
 
 James Pringle. 
 F"rom the l6th October, i860, to the time of his death, on the 24th January, 1876 
 
 — (3), Walter Colquhoun. 
 From the 30th January, 1876 — {4), John Mclntyre, who is now Clerk of Session. 
 
 Property belonging to the congregation of St. John's 
 Church : 
 
 1. Lot No. 15, on the north side of First street, and lot No, 15, on the south side 
 
 of Second street, were granted on the 12th of June, 1819, in the fifty-ninth 
 year of the reien of George III, and during the Lieutenant-Governorship of 
 Sir Peregrine Maitland, to Neil McLean, John MacDonald, James Forsyth, 
 Archibald MacLean and Noah Dickinson, in trust for the congregation. 
 
 On the 1st October, 1822, Ambrose Blacklock was appointed trustee in the place 
 of Mr. James Forsyth. 
 
 On the 2ist May, 1840, Alexander MacLean, William Mattice and William Cline 
 were appointed trustees, in the place of Neil MacLean, Ambrose Blacklock 
 and Noah Dickinson. 
 
 2. On the 2Sth July, 1848, lot No. 12, on the south side of Sixth street, was 
 
 granted by the Earl of Elgin and Kincardine, to Archibald MacLean, Alexander 
 MacLean, John MacDonald, William Cline and William Mattice. 
 This lot, which contains one acre, has been used as a burying-ground from the 
 year 1 831. 
 
 3. Lot No. 3, on the north side of Second street, and lot No, 3, on the south side 
 
 of Third street, containing two acres and two-fifths, and known as the manse 
 lots, purchased for the sum of £2(xi — sold by William Cline, on the 31st 
 December, 1853, to Archibald MacLean, John MacDonald, Alexander Mac- 
 Lean, William Cline and William Mattice, in their capacity of trustees for the 
 congregation of St. John's Church. 
 
2i8 Lunenburgh, or the 
 
 The manse was built on lot No. 3, on the North side of 
 Second street, in 1874-75, and cost, out-buildings and fence 
 included, $7,000. 
 
 In 1 87 1, an Act was passed by the Legislative Assembly 
 of Ontario, vesting the lots which have been already mentioned 
 in Messrs. Alexander MacLean, William Mattice, James Craig, 
 Daniel Eugene Maclntyre and Jacob Farrand Pringle, and 
 their successors in office, as trustees of the congregation. 
 
 The Trustees now are : 
 
 l8th June, 1888 — Oliver Groves, Donald Ban MacLennan, Corydon Josephus 
 Mattice, Duncan Monroe and John Mclntyre. 
 
 The Deacons are : 
 
 p. N. Tait, Alexander McLennan, James \V. Liddell, G. C. Colquhoun, Dun- 
 can Monroe, H. Black, Levi W. Groves, C. H. Cline, Hugh Urquhart 
 Thompson, Herman Regnald Kirk, John Mullen, Hugh Munro ^^'atson, 
 David Gillespie. 
 
 Superintendent of Sunday School — C. J. Mattice. A. G. Watson was appointed 
 in 1889. 
 
 Treasurer — Hugh M. Watson. 
 
 Treasurer of Trust Fund — ^John Dewar. 
 
 Treasurer of Session Fund — John Mclntyre. 
 
 In the autumn of 1886, the trustees bought lot number 14, 
 on the south side of Second street, from Mrs. William Cline, 
 and having removed the church from its original place to the 
 rear of that lot, sold the greater portion of the land where 
 the church had been for a good price, and in March, 1888, 
 began the erection of a new St. John's. 
 
 On the 1 8th of June, in that year, the corner stone* was 
 laid by Dr. McNish, in the presence of a large number of 
 people of all denominations, among whom were the Revd. J. 
 Hastie, of Knox Church ; the Revd. Canon Pettit, of the 
 Bishop Strachan Memorial Church ;. the Revd. T. C. Rey- 
 
 * The corner stone is just above the weather table course, at the north-east 
 corner of the principal tower. In it are deposited a history of the church, 
 report of the building committee, newspapers, coins, etc. 
 
Old Eastern District. 219 
 
 nolds, of the Methodist Church, Cornwall, and the Revd. Mr. 
 Gilmour, of the Baptist Church, Cornwall. 
 
 Old St. John's, in its early day, was thought to be a 
 great improvement on the building that preceded it. It 
 has been the house of worship for two generations of church- 
 goers, and many solemn and comforting services have been 
 held in it. Now its end has come, and it is a thing of the 
 past. In bidding it farewell, the author would like tO' 
 recall its appearance as it was sixty years ago. Changes 
 and needed alterations did not improve its architectural pro- 
 portions, though they added to the comfort of the interior. 
 Sixty years ago it was a well-proportioned building extern- 
 ally, but the internal arrangements were not what would suit 
 a modern congregation. He well remembers the small pews 
 with narrow seats, and high.^straight backs ; the square pews 
 in the corners and at each end of the body of the church, in 
 which one-third of the occupants had to sit with their back 
 to the minister; the high pulpit, shaped like a goblet, ap- ' 
 proached by a winding stair of many steps at each side, and! 
 overhung by a sounding-board supported from the ceiling ; 
 the precentor's desk in front of the pulpit, and the porchless. 
 front doors, which let in wind whenever they were opened in. 
 a winter's day ; the floors bare, and the pews uncushioned. 
 There was no vestry or session room, and as there were no 
 sheds, horses and carriages were exposed to all the changes of 
 the weather. 
 
 The lists of subscribers to the fund for building old St. 
 John's in 1826, contain the names of many of the leading men 
 in Montreal, Quebec and Kingston. The lists of the Montreal,. 
 Quebec and Kingston subscribers are the only ones now among 
 the church papers ; those of York and of the congregations at 
 Cornwall and the neighboring parishes have been lost. 
 The Montreal list contains the following names : 
 
 The Hon. William McGillivray Wm. Blackwood 
 
 John Richardson Samuel Gale 
 
 Thomas Thaine Wm. Radiger 
 
 Fredk. D. Ermatinger John Fisher, sr. 
 
220 
 
 Lunenburgh, or the 
 
 George Garden 
 George Moffatt 
 Samuel Gerarde 
 Dr. Sylby, Jr. 
 Kenneth Walker 
 David Ross 
 Rev. John Bethune 
 Henry Mackenzie 
 T. Pothier 
 Geo. Auldjo 
 F. Ant. LaRocque 
 D. P. Ross 
 James Brown 
 John Fleming 
 Joseph Beckett & Co. 
 D. David 
 — Jamieson 
 George Davis 
 John McKenzie 
 Gibb & Henderson 
 Ale.x. Skakel 
 Mr. O'SuUivan 
 H Lunn 
 Miss Taylor 
 Major Loring 
 James Hughes 
 William Bingham 
 Alexander McKenzie 
 J. Reid, (Justice.) 
 Dr. Caldwell 
 
 The Quebec subscribers are : 
 
 Mr. McGill 
 Mr. Lewis 
 Adam McNider 
 Joseph Shuter 
 D. Fisher 
 John Frothingham 
 John Forsyth 
 Mrs. Col. McKay 
 Rev. H. Esson 
 J. Porteous 
 Thomas McCord 
 John Spragg 
 H. Yates 
 James Millar 
 James Grant 
 J. McDonell, (Leslie) 
 John Fisher, jr. 
 H. E. Logan 
 Robert Froste 
 * Mr. De Witt 
 Mr. Carswell 
 Wm. Harwood & Sons 
 J Quesnel 
 Colonel Heriot 
 James Stuart 
 H. Dickinson 
 Alexander Fisher 
 Miss McGillivray 
 B. Gibb 
 
 The Chief Justice 
 Captain Freer 
 David Stewart 
 James Ross 
 Robt. Scott 
 R. Murray 
 William Torrance 
 D. Sutherland 
 
 A. Campbell 
 — Eraser 
 
 B. Torrance 
 M. Reeves 
 David Hanown 
 John Thompson 
 
 James Harkness 
 Col. A. Eraser 
 T. Morrin 
 J. McTavish 
 J. McNider 
 James Smillie 
 Wm. Petry 
 H. Gowan 
 Thos. G. Cathro 
 W. Hessark 
 Samuel Neilson 
 Mr. Hunter 
 W. B. Colburne 
 William Walker 
 
Old Eastern District. 221 
 
 James Irvine John Ross 
 
 Wm. Price Mrs. Major Van Cortland 
 
 James McKenzie 
 
 The Kingston list has the following names : 
 
 John McLean Arch. Richmond 
 
 John Mowat John Strange 
 
 H. McDonald Sam. Shaw 
 
 A. Fraser John Robertson 
 
 Robt. Beath Arch. McDonell 
 
 W. Rennie Jas. Young 
 
 John Low James Kirk 
 
 Wm. Norrie W. Eraser 
 
 Wm. Donaldson Mrs. C. Haggerman 
 
 Peter Crawford A. Marshall 
 
 J. A. Macfarlane John Barclay 
 
 Mr. Benson Alex. Simpson. 
 
 In addition to the above are the names of Mr. Justice 
 Campbell, Jonas Jones and Daniel Jones. 
 
 The Montreal subscriptions amounted to 138 14 4 
 
 " Quebec, " " 38 15 4 
 
 " Kingston " " 28 2 9 
 
 " York " " 29 8 4 
 
 ;^235 o 5 
 
 After the vestry of the English Church closed their 
 burial-ground to all other denominations, it became necessary 
 for the Presbyterians to procure one for themselves. Many 
 of the congregation of St. John's, more especially those who 
 had come from Scotland, wished to use the lots 15, north side 
 ■of First street, and south of Second street, as a burial-ground 
 They thought of the quiet country Kirk-yards around the 
 parish Kirks at home, where the members of the congregation 
 were wont to assemble and have a " crack" * before service, 
 after walking many a mile from their dwellings ; and they had 
 a very natural, tho' sentimental, feeling in favor of ordering 
 matters in the same way here. Fortunately for the good of 
 the town as well as the congregation, more practical counsels 
 
 * Anglice a "chat." 
 
222 Lunenburgh, or the 
 
 prevailed.* The two lots were laid out for building purposes^ 
 and in a short time were let at what was then thought a very 
 good rent. Lot No. 12, south side of Sixth .street, was obtained 
 from the Government for ;^io.o.o or ^12.0.0, and was made 
 the burial place for the congregation. 
 
 The church was altered and enlarged more than once.. 
 The square pews were taken away. The high pulpit, with its 
 winding stairs ; the extinguisher-like sounding-board suspend- 
 ed above it, and the precenter's desk in front, have all been 
 removed, and given place to a platform with a railing in front,, 
 and a reading desk for the minister. 
 
 Soon after the disruption in Scotland and the formation 
 of the Free Church there in 1843, niany Presbyterians in 
 Canada, who were in sympathy with the Free Church, objected 
 to remaining any longer in the congregations that were in 
 connection with the Church of Scotland, withdrew from them 
 and formed new ones, which were united under the title of 
 " The Canada Presbyterian Church." 
 
 This movement affected St. John's, from which many 
 families and individuals withdrew and formed a new congre- 
 gation. They met at first in a large room in a private house 
 on lot No. 10, north side of First street, where the Revd. Mr. 
 Fraser officiated, occasionally, from 1844 till 1850. In that 
 year, the congregation built a church on lot 11, south side of 
 Second street, called Knox Church. In 1884, this building 
 having become too small for the congregation, a new one was 
 erected on the lot adjoining on the west. It is a handsome 
 brick building in the Gothic style, with a tower and spire. It 
 was finished and opened for use in 1885. In the autumn of 
 that year, a large bell was presented to the congregation by 
 Robert Craig, and put in the tower. 
 
 The names of the successive ministers of Knox Church 
 are : The Revd. J. C. Quinn, who was inducted about 1850 \ 
 
 * Archibald McLean (afterwards Chief Justice) and James Pringle, were chiefly 
 instrumental in preventing the burial-ground scheme from being carried out. 
 
Old Eastern District. 22j, 
 
 Revd. Hugh Campbell, Revd. M. Lowry, Revd. W. H. Heude 
 Bourck, Revd. Robert Binnie, and Revd. James Hastie. 
 
 Whether or not there was any need of any of the Presby- 
 terians in Canada following the example of their brethren in 
 Scotland, and withdrawing from the church in Canada in 
 connection with the Church of Scotland, is a question that 
 need not be discussed in these pages. Happily, a reunion or 
 the two bodies was effected in 1875, the united bodies taking 
 the title of " The Presbyterian Church in Canada." To this 
 body the congregations of St. John's aud Knox Churches 
 belong. Each has a large membership, and there is ample 
 work for the two pastors. 
 
 Some of the old usages aud modes of conducting service 
 have been changed in many of the city and town congrega- 
 tions of the Presbyterian Church in this country. One change 
 is in the singing. As late as 1861 the singing in St. John's, as 
 in nearly all the Presbyterian Churches, was led by the pre- 
 centor, who occupied a small 'box or desk in front of the pulpit 
 and sang the Psalms and Paraphrases, the congregation fol- 
 lowing and joining in the singing. In that year the singing 
 master came amongst us ; the young people learned to sing 
 by note, and to take their respective parts in the music ; a 
 choir was formed, the precentor vacated his accustomed seat 
 in front of the pulpit, took his place in the gallery, and became 
 leader of the choir. The next move was for a musical instru- 
 ment to accompany the voices. The question was agitated 
 for a while before it was submitted to the congregation of St. 
 John's, who decided by a large majority in favor of the " Kist 
 of whustles,'' or its representative, a melodion, which was 
 forthwith procured, and remained in use, until a good organ 
 was placed in new St. John's in 1889. 
 
 Another change is in the manner of celebrating the 
 Sacrament of the Lord's Supper. The change began about a 
 quarter of a century ago. Up to that time the ministers and 
 people followed the practice to which they had been accus- 
 tomed in Scotland. In the country congregations the sacra- 
 
224 Lunenbmgh, or the 
 
 ment was dispensed once a year, generally in July or August. 
 At St. John's, as in other congregations, the services occupied 
 four days, beginning on Friday, which was observed as a day 
 of fasting and humiliation, and was kept as sacredly as the 
 Sunday. At the close of the service on Saturday, tokens of 
 admission to the table were given to intending communicants. 
 ■On Sunday the sacrament was administered. There were 
 always two or three ministers from neighboring parishes to 
 assist the minister of St. John's in the services of the day, and 
 as their churches were closed, as many of their people as could 
 <lo so came to Cornwall to take part in the service there. 
 After the usual morning service, the communicants took their 
 places at the table, which was made of a narrow plank ex- 
 tending across the church along the aisle in front of the pulpit, 
 "with seats on each side, accommodating between thirty and 
 forty people. There was generally a large attendance, so that 
 the table had to be filled four or five times before all the 
 communicants were served. Each service of a table was pre- 
 sided over by one of the ministers, who gave an address to the 
 communicants at it. When all the communicants had par- 
 taken, the solemnities of the day were closed by an address 
 from the pulpit, a prayer, a psalm, and the benediction. The 
 whole service lasted from 1 1 o'clock in the morning until 4, 
 and sometimes 5, in the afternoon. On Monday there was a 
 thanksgiving service, at which the attendance was small, many 
 of the people seemingly being disposed to make their thank- 
 fulness unobtrusive, a fact of which a reminder was sometimes 
 given by the preaching of a sermon from the text : " Were 
 there not ten cleansed, where are the nine ?" 
 
 Changes were gradually made in the town congregations. 
 The sacrament was administered twice a year. A certain 
 number of pews were appropriated to communicants in 
 addition to the table, and the service was shortened by nearly 
 two hours. Next came the mode now in use, viz., the celebra- 
 tion of the sacrament three times a year, the giving up of the 
 Saturday and Monday services, the doing away with the table. 
 
Old Eastern District. 225: 
 
 the placing all the communicants in the centre of the church, 
 and having only one service, thereby takirig up very little 
 more time than on an ordinary Sunday. The sturdy Presby- 
 terians of two centuries ago, who patiently listened to sermons 
 of three or four hours in length, would no doubt look with 
 suspicion and contempt on their descendants of the present 
 day who grumble at the time spent in religious exercises. 
 
 New St. John's was commenced in May, 1888, and was 
 completed in March, 1889. It was opened on Sunday, the 
 17th of that month, the services being conducted in the morn- 
 ing by the Very Revd. W. T. McMullen, D.D., Moderator of 
 the General Assembly, and in the evening by the Very Revd- 
 D. H. McVicar, LL.D., D.D., Principal of the Presbyterian 
 College, Montreal. The new church is a large and handsome 
 stone building. The interior is very cpmmodiously arranged,, 
 with ample accommodation for a congregation of 700, the 
 Sunday School, and social and congregational meetings. The- 
 whole cost of the building, internal fittings and furniture, in- 
 cluding an organ, amounts to $36,000.00. 
 
 In the Presbyterian grave-yard on lot No. 12, south of 
 Sixth street, one of the oldest tombstones is dated 1832. It 
 was erected to the memory of the Honorable Neil McLean,, 
 who died in that year at the age of 75. He was the last 
 surviving officer of the Royal Highland Emigrants, the old 
 84th. 
 
226 Limenburgh, or the 
 
 CHAPTER XXIV. 
 
 THE CHURCH OF ENGLAND. 
 
 It is stated by Dr.Canniff,in his "History of the Settlement 
 of Upper Canada," that the first clergyman to settle in that 
 part of the country, was the Revd. John Stuart, who had been 
 chaplain of the second battalion of the King's Royal Regt. of 
 New York, and who was one of the refugee poineers of the first 
 settlement of Kingston. He was the father of the Upper 
 Canadian church. He came to Canada in 1781, and settled at 
 Kingston in 1783 or 1784. In I789he was appointed Bishop's 
 Commissionary for the settlements from River Beaudette to 
 the western limit of the Province. No doubt he visited Corn- 
 wall, and made some provision for the supplying of the spiri- 
 tual needs of the members of the church at Cornwall and its 
 vicinity. Unfortunately no record is extant here from which 
 full information on the subject can be got. Cornwall was for 
 some years a mission station. An old book of common prayer 
 printed at Oxford in 1770, now kept among the records in the 
 vestry of the Bishop Strachan Memorial Church, bears on one 
 of the fly leaves the date June, 1785, which very probably is 
 about the time when it was first used at Cornwall. The regis- 
 ter now in existence shows that on the 13th of April, 1800, a 
 sum of money was subscribed for the erection of a church. 
 The subscription list has not been preserved, and little or no- 
 thing appears to have been done towards the commencement 
 of the building. On the iSth of April, 1805, a meeting was 
 held and a document, of which the following is a copy, was 
 agreed to : 
 
 ' ' We whose names are hereto subscribed, do agree to erect a church in the 
 Town of Cornwall, of the following dimensions : — 
 
Old Eastern District. 
 
 227 
 
 (i.e.) 52 feet in length, and 36 in breadth within the walls, the frame 18 
 eet high, raised on a stone foundation, three feet below, and two feet above the 
 
 ^ground, in the assistance of such sums as may be subscribed by the Government, 
 and the several sums "subscribed in a certain instrument, bearing date the 13th day 
 of April, 1800, (being a committee appointed by the subscribers to contract and 
 superintend the erection of the said church, any three of whom appointed by the 
 majority of the remainder, to have power to act in regard to the erection of the 
 
 isaid building.) 
 
 "Dated 15th April, 1805." 
 
 "John Strachan, minister 
 Michael Van Koughnet 
 Ben. Eastman 
 Rich. Wharffe 
 Jno. Link 
 Hector Manson 
 Frederick Delisle 
 Henry Wagoner 
 Wm. Bruce 
 
 Harmonious Cryderman 
 S. Anderson 
 D'Arcy Boulton 
 Col. Munro. " 
 
 ' J. Y. Cozens 
 Robt, Randall 
 Jno. Dixon, sen. 
 Nadab Eastman 
 Joseph Anderson 
 Jno. Pescod, sen. 
 Jno. Smith 
 T. Johnson 
 For. Rich. Wilkinson 
 by John Strachan 
 Henry Gallinger 
 W. B. Wilkinson 
 John Dixon, jun." 
 
 At another meeting of the parishioners held in the Pres- 
 byterian meeting house, it was resolved to collect the money- 
 subscribed, and to proceed with the erection of the church, and 
 Samuel Anderson, John Pescod, and Joshua Young Cozens^ 
 were appointed a committee to superintend the work, which 
 -appears to have been completed in January, 1806. On the 
 26th day of that month a meeting was held in the church for 
 the purpose of selling the pews, when forty-two parishioners 
 bec'ame purchasers. The list of the names, and of the sums 
 bid, is as follows : 
 
 
 £ s. 
 
 d. 
 
 
 £ 
 
 s. 
 
 d. 
 
 Cornelius Munro, Esq., 
 
 30 
 
 
 
 Dr. Timothy Johnston, 
 
 10 
 
 IS 
 
 
 
 John Pescod, sen. 
 
 24 10 
 
 
 
 Daniel Wright, 
 
 9 
 
 
 
 
 
 John Dixon, 
 
 18 
 
 
 
 Joseph Anderson, Esq., 
 
 8 
 
 
 
 
 
 Commodore Steel, 
 
 15 10 
 
 
 
 Joshua Y. Cozens, 
 
 7 
 
 12 
 
 
 
 Samuel Anderson, Esq., 
 
 16 10 
 
 
 
 Robert Randall, 
 
 5 
 
 S 
 
 
 
 David Sheek, Esq., - 
 
 16 
 
 
 
 Abner Young, 
 
 3 
 
 
 
 
 
 •Geo. Barnhart, sr.. 
 
 19 
 
 
 
 David Robertson, 
 
 3 
 
 s 
 
 
 
 Jeremiah French, Esq., 
 
 20 
 
 
 
 John Dixon, jr. 
 
 10 
 
 5 
 
 
 
 Robert Colquhoun, 
 
 IS 
 
 
 
 Nadab Eastman, 
 
 10 
 
 
 
 
 
228 
 
 Lunenburgh, or the 
 
 £ 
 
 d. 
 
 £ s. d. 
 
 Daniel Campbell, 
 
 13 
 
 
 
 
 
 John Smith, sen.. 
 
 10 
 
 
 
 
 
 W. B. Wilkinson, Esq., 
 
 10 
 
 
 
 
 
 Wm. Bruce, - , 
 
 10 
 
 2 
 
 o- 
 
 Levi Bailey, 
 
 II 
 
 
 
 
 
 Abner Youns;, 
 
 II 
 
 
 
 0- 
 
 J. L. Farjrand, Esq., 
 
 10 
 
 
 
 
 
 Mrs. Catharine Kay 
 
 10 
 
 5 
 
 6 
 
 Benjamin Eastman, 
 
 10 
 
 
 
 
 
 R. N. Wilkinson, Esq., 
 
 8 
 
 10 
 
 
 
 John Vankoughnet, 
 
 10 
 
 
 
 
 
 Wm. Wood, 
 
 8 
 
 7 
 
 o- 
 
 John Kirk, 
 
 II 
 
 
 
 
 
 John McNairn, sr., 
 
 5 
 
 
 
 
 
 Michael Vankoughnet, 
 
 12 
 
 5 
 
 
 
 Robt. Colquhoun, 
 
 5 
 
 10 
 
 
 
 Michael Vankoughnet, 
 
 10 
 
 15 
 
 
 
 Albert French, 
 
 5 
 
 7 
 
 
 
 Robert Randall, 
 
 10 
 
 5 
 
 
 
 Jacob Stoneburner, 
 
 5 
 
 
 
 
 
 Robert Randall, 
 
 10 
 
 5 
 
 
 
 Christopher Empey, - 
 
 4 
 
 2 
 
 6 
 
 Andrew Milross, 
 
 5 
 
 5 
 
 
 
 Adam Dixon, 
 
 4 
 
 
 
 
 
 Philip Empey, 
 
 4 
 
 2 
 
 6 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Total, 
 
 
 
 
 
 £4S7 
 
 14 
 
 
 
 In 1808 D'Arcy Boulton, the late member for Stormont, 
 gave his sessional allowance, iJ'26.0.0, to the church, and in the 
 same year the Legislature granted ^50.0.0, to be expended 
 in completing the steeple, which was finished in 181 1. 
 
 In 181 3 an application of the Court of Quarter Sessions 
 for leave to hold the Court in the church was refused. 
 
 The parsonage was built in 181 1 or 181 2. There is a 
 memorandum of its having been rented to Richard Wharffe- 
 in 1 81 3. 
 
 Up to 1 83 1 thp burial-ground of the English Church was 
 used by all denominations, but at a vestry meeting held in 
 April of that year, it was resolved that none but members of 
 the congregation should be allowed to bury there, "except in. 
 cases of persons not belonging to the congregation, whose fami- 
 lies had been in the habit of burying in the yard belonging tc^ 
 the church, when leave may be granted by the minister and 
 church wardens.'' This resolution rendered necessary the pur- 
 chase of a burial-ground by the Presbyterians, who procured 
 the lot now used by them for that purpose, No. 12, south of 
 Sixth street. 
 
 The old church was altered, improved and enlarged, the 
 first alteration being made in 1836 or 1837. The gallery at 
 the west end was lowered. A gallery was made at each side>- 
 
Old Eastern District. 229 
 
 and the main entrance, which was originally in the centre of 
 the south side of the building, was changed to the west end 
 near the tower. A few years after, an addition was put at the 
 back of the building, which gave a good deal of additional 
 room. 
 
 In 1868 arrangements were made to build a new church 
 as a memorial of the late Bishop Strachan, who had been 
 mainly instrumental in the erection of the old one. The old 
 building was removed to the rear of the lot on which it was 
 erected, where it remained and was used until the new one was 
 fit for occupation, when it was sold and pulled down, and an- 
 other of the few remaining landmarks of old Cornwall disap- 
 peared. 
 
 The new church is well designed, in the Gothic style of 
 architecture, with a fine tower, on which it is intended to place 
 a spire. The material used in the building is the dark lime- 
 stone from the Cornwall quarries, relieved by Ohio sandstone. 
 The site is rather too near the street to allow ofthe front being- 
 seen to the best advantage, and very unfortunately the tower 
 has sunk, drawing down with it the south-eastern corner ofthe 
 transept, which is several inches out of level. There are 
 several very good stained glass windows, one of which, the 
 southern one of the transept, was put in by the children 
 attending the Sunday School of the congregation, the others 
 by members of the congregation in memory of deceased re- 
 latives. In 1887 a large one was put in the east end of the 
 chancel in memory of the Revd. Archdeacon Henry Patton, 
 D. D. The church, which cost about $30,000, was consecrated 
 under the name of " The Bishop Strachan Memorial Church." 
 on the 9th of Oct., 1884, by Bishop Lewis. 
 
 In the autumn of 1885, a chime of nine bells was present- 
 ed by the Rev. Dr. Mountain, in memory of deceased relatives,, 
 and was formally inaugurated on Christmas eve. 
 
 The first minister who appears to have been placed in 
 
 See " Clerical Guide," 1879, and sermon of Archdeacon Patton, 1868. Q- 
 
230 Lunenburgh, or the 
 
 charge of the congregation at Cornwall was the Revd. John 
 Strachan, who was ordained deacon by Bishop Mountain, on 
 the 22nd of May, 1803, and appointed to the mission of Corn- 
 wall. Mr. Strachan was born in Aberdeen on the 12th of 
 April, 1778, entered the University of Aberdeen in 1794, tak- 
 ing his M. A. degree three years later ; at the age of twenty- 
 one he was selected as a fit and proper person to organize and 
 preside over the college which the then Lieut.-Governor "Sim- 
 coe" desired to establish in Upper Canada. Mr. Strachan 
 left Scotland in pursuance of this object, and after a weary 
 voyage and journey of four months, arrived in Kingston. Here 
 he met with a grevious disappointment. Governor Simcoe had 
 returned to England, and with his departure the projected col- 
 lege was relinquished. He was so fortunate at this critical 
 period as to form the acquaintance of the Hon. John Cart- 
 wright and the Revd. Dr. John Stuart. Under the advice of 
 Mr. Cartwright, he taught in Kingston, and began the course 
 of study necessary to obtain admission into the ranks of the 
 clergy of the Church of England. His mind had no doubt re- 
 ceived a bias in favor of Episcopacy, from his early training. 
 His father was a Presbyterian ; his mother a member of the 
 Episcopal Church in Scotland, and it is said that he was brought 
 up in the creed of that church. He came to Cornwall, as al- 
 ready stated, in 1803, where, in addition to his clerical duties, 
 he opened a Grammar School* In 1804 he was advanced to 
 priest's orders. In 181 1 the degree of D. D. was conferred up- 
 on him by theUniversity of Aberdeen. In i8i2the inhabitants 
 of York prevailed upon him to remove to that parish. In 
 1827 he was appointed Archdeacon of York, and in 1839 Bishop 
 of Toronto, the first bishop of the new See of Upper Canada. 
 He died in 1867 at the age of 89, after a ministry of 64 years. 
 
 After the departure of the Revd. Mr. Strachan from Corn- 
 wall, the Bishop authorized Mr. John Bethune, afterwards Dean 
 of Montreal, to read prayers. 
 
 The Rev. Mr. Baldwin was the next who had charge of 
 
 * See chapter on schools, (post). 
 
Old Eastern District. 231 
 
 the parish, but there is no record of the beginning or duration 
 of his ministry. He was in Cornwall about 1813-14. 
 
 In 1817 the Revd. S. J. Mountain was appointed to the 
 parish, which he had charge of until his death on the 27th of 
 September, 1830. 
 
 The next incumbent was the Revd. George Archbold. He 
 had served in the Peninsular war as an officer in His Majesty's 
 68th Regt. of Foot. At the close of the war he went on half pay, 
 and entered the ministry of the Church of England. He held 
 the parish until his death in 1840. 
 
 He was succeeded by the Revd. Alexander Williams, a 
 <;lergyman from England, who officiated at Cornwall until the 
 summer of 1842. 
 
 The Revd. J. G. B. Lindsay was appointed to the vacant 
 parish, which he occupied for four years. He caught typhus 
 fever while attending one of his pari-shioners, and died in 1 846. 
 
 The Revd. Henry Patton, D.D., was then appointed, and 
 continued until the autumn of 1871, when he was transferred 
 to Belleville. While in Cornwall he was appointed successively 
 Rural Dean and Archdeacon. He was the prime mover in 
 the undertaking of building the Bishop Strachan Memorial 
 Church, which was not finished until after his departure from 
 Cornwall. 
 
 His successor was the Revd. J. A. Preston, who came to 
 Cornwall in December, 1871, and died very suddenly in Octo- 
 ber, 1878. 
 
 The Revd. Canon Pettit was then appointed, and is still 
 the rector of the parish. 
 
 A small wooden church was put at the east of the town in 
 the year 1 886, of which the Rev. Mr. Elliott had the charge. 
 The expense of erecting this church was defrayed by the Revd. 
 Dr. Mountain. 
 
 The graveyard adjoining the Bishop Strachan Memorial 
 Church was used from a very early period in the settlement of 
 the town. One tombstone in memory of Mrs. Empey, is dated 
 1789. Another in memory of J. Everhardt is dated 1792, 
 
232 LuTienburgh, or the 
 
 The old burial plot surrounded by a stone wall had at one 
 time a wooden tablet attached to it, on which was the follow- 
 ing inscription : 
 
 "Herein are interred Colonel James Gray, died nth May, 1795, aged 64.. 
 " Mrs. Elizabeth Gray, died 14th February, 1800, aged 63. 
 "Jacob Farrand, Esq., died nth May, 1803, aged 39 years and 6 months. 
 "John L. Farrand, Esq., died 29th June, 1814, aged 30 years and 4 months.. 
 "This memorial is placed by their affectionate relative, Catharine Valentine, 
 May, 1820." 
 
 The stone wall which had fallen into ruins was repaired 
 in 1883 by J. E. Pringle, Geo. Pringle and T. S. Rubidge. 
 
Old Eastern- District. 233 
 
 CHAPTER XXV. 
 
 THE ROMAN CATHOLIC CHURCH. 
 
 Previous to the year 1834, the Town of Cornwall was 
 part of the parish of St. Andrews. In that year a priest was 
 for the first time stationed permanently in the town. 
 
 The first church was a' wooden building, which stood on 
 lot No. 17, north side of Fourth .street, where the brick church 
 now is. It was completed in 1829 or 1830, and services were 
 held in it occasionally by the priest from St. Andrews. 
 
 The old church becoming insufficient for the congregation, 
 a new one was begun about 1855 or 1856. The brick walls were 
 put up, but before they were covered by the roof a violent gale 
 of wind came on, which blew them down, destroying some 
 •of the monuments in the grave-yard. The work of building 
 had to be begun anew. It was commenced about 1858 and 
 finished in about two years. The»tower was intended to be a 
 storey or two higher than it is, with a spire above, but the 
 nature of the soil on which it is built is such that it cannot 
 sustain any great weight. The tower sank, bringing down 
 -with it part of the front wall, in consequence of which the 
 front had to be repaired and the tower had to be rebuilt to a 
 much less height. 
 
 The congregation has again outgrown the church, and a 
 larger one, or an additional one at the east end of the town, is 
 needed. In 1887 a new church was begun there, which is not 
 yet completed. 
 
 In 1874 the parish erected a very handsome stone build- 
 ing on lot 17, south side of Fourth street, for the priest's 
 residence, and a year or two ago they put up a brick building 
 on the adjoining lot for a nunnery and female school. They 
 Jiave also a school-house on lot No. 8, south side of the same 
 street. 
 
234 Lunenburgh, or the 
 
 The Revd. James P. Bennet was put in charge of the 
 parish in November, 1834, and continued until 1842. The 
 Revd. Alexander McDonell came in that year, and remained 
 until 1843. The Revd. ^neas McDonald also officiated in 
 1843. Since 1843, the undermentioned Revd. gentlemen have 
 been the parish priests, viz : The Revd. Mr. Cannon, the Revd.. 
 Mr. O'Connor, the Revd. Mr. Lynch, the Revd. Mr. Murray,, 
 and the Revd. Mr. McRae, who is now the parish priest. 
 
 * It is said that the Highlanders who settled in the 
 neighborhood of St. Andrews, in the Township of Cornwall, 
 put up a chapel soon after their arrival. It was a humble 
 structure, in fact a log house, but in it the services of the 
 church were conducted, until the first stone church was built. 
 This was commenced about 1788, but was not completed for 
 some time. It was continued in use until 1864, when the new 
 church was consecrated. 
 
 For many years after the first settlement was formed,, 
 there was no resident priest. The Revd. Roderick McDonell,-f* 
 who was then stationed at St. Regis, came occasionally to St. 
 Andrews to conduct the services there. At that time the 
 journey from St. Regis to St. Andrews was, at some seasons 
 of the year, not only difficult, but dangerous. The paper 
 referred to in the note* gives an account of the dangers and 
 difficulties which this pious old clergyman encountered on one 
 occasion when his services were required to perform a marriage 
 ceremony at St. Andrews : 
 
 " It was in the spring of the year. The groom and bride 
 were ready, the preparations for the customary rejoicings were 
 all made, the whole countryside was invited, but alas ! no 
 priest could be had to bless the happy pair. At length the 
 father of the bride started to 'the front' to fetch his reverence. 
 No wheel carriage marked the ground in those days, and the 
 horse which pater-familias rode sank at every step over his 
 
 *See " Cornwall Freeholder," 7th July, 1864. 
 
 t A brother of Captain Archibald McDonell, of the King's Royal Regiment,. 
 New York. 
 
Old Eastern District. 235 
 
 fetlocks in the thick mud and half-melted snow, as he traversed 
 the roadless forest. He reached the St. Lawrence, across 
 which an Indian paddled him in his canoe to the village of 
 St. Regis. The good priest was ready at daybreak the next 
 morning to commence the journey to St. Andrews. The river 
 was almost crossed in safety, but as the clergyman and his 
 guide were preparing to land, an accumulation of ice and snow 
 on the bank suddenly gave way, swamped the canoe, and 
 threw its occupants into the swift stream. They struggled to 
 land, and after drying their clothes at the settler's who had 
 taken charge of the horse, started inland, the priest riding, the 
 St. Andrews' man walking at the bridle rein. In this manner 
 they toiled on, hour after hour. The mud was worse than it 
 had been the day before, for rain had fallen in the meantime. 
 The priest was advanced in years and weakened by his labors. 
 It was with difficulty he kept his seat ; indeed, he would have 
 fallen from the horse, and died where he fell, but for the strong 
 arm of the Macdonald who walked beside him and sustained 
 him in the saddle until they reached the longed-for home in 
 the forest, and found themselves welcomed by warm-hearted 
 friends, eager to enter upon the festivities proper to a High- 
 land wedding." * 
 
 " The first regular parish priest at St. Andrews was the 
 Revd. Mr. Fitzsimmons, who was appointed in 1805. At the 
 same time the Revd. Alex'r McDonald took charge of Glen- 
 garry, on the decease of the Revd. Mr. Macdonald (Scotus.) 
 Mr. Fitzsimmons returned to Ireland in 1807, and for thirteen 
 years thereafter the late venerable Bishop McDonell minister- 
 ed to the people both of Stormont and Glengarry, assisted by 
 the then pastor of St. Raphaels." 
 
 The Revd. Mr. O'Meara had charge of St. Andrews from 
 1 82 1 to 1827, when he was succeeded by the Revd. William 
 Fraser, who died in 1836, when the Revd. Mr. Hay was ap- 
 pointed. 
 
 * Which festivities then and for many years after lasted for about three days. 
 
236 Lunenburgh, or the 
 
 CHAPTER XXVI. 
 
 THE METHODIST CHURCH. 
 
 From 1792 till 1808 Cornwall, including part of the adja- 
 'cent country, was connected with the Oswegatchie circuit, and 
 was supplied by ministers in connection with the Methodist 
 Episcopal Church of the United States until 1824. 
 
 The first minister appointed to Cornwall as a separate 
 -circuit was the Revd. Wm. Snow. The first appointed by the 
 Methodist Church in Canada, was the Revd. Solomon Wald- 
 ron, in 1824. From that date until i860 Cornwall was sup- 
 plied by Methodist ministers, first from the Augusta circuit, 
 -and more recently from the Matilda circuit. 
 
 In 1 86 1 the town was formed into a separate charge, and 
 the Revd. Hugh McLean was appointed the first pastor. The 
 following are the ministers who have successively been in 
 charge of the Cornwall congregation from the conclusion of 
 Mr. McLean's pastorate : The Revd. J. Hugell, Revd. G. N. A. 
 F. T. Dixon, Revd. Wm. C. Henderson, M. A., Revd. Alexan- 
 der Campbell, Revd. Wm. Hall, M. A., Revd. R. Whiting, 
 Revd. Wm. McGill, Revd. A. A. Smith, Revd. Geo. S. Rey- 
 oolds, Revd. F. C. Reynolds, Revd. Wm. Jackson. 
 
 The first church built in the town by the Methodist body 
 ■was of brick, and stood on lot 19, south of 4th street. It was 
 finished in 1861, during the pastorate of the Revd. Mr. Mc- 
 Lean. The parsonage was built a few years later on the east 
 lialf of the same lot. The church was found to be too small, 
 •and the locality inconvenient for the congregation ; they there- 
 fore built a new one on the east half of lot No. 13, south side 
 of First street, which was completed about the year 1 876. The 
 
Old Eastern District. 237 
 
 old church was sold and changed by the purchaser into two 
 dwelling houses. 
 
 The new church is built of brick. It is comfortable and 
 commodious so far as the interior is concerned, but the exterior 
 is not a specimen of architectural beauty. 
 
 THE BAPTIST CHURCH. 
 
 There were occasional services held in Cornwall from time 
 to time, by Baptist ministers, for some years, but no resident 
 minister was sent to the town until 1883, when the Revd. Mr. 
 McEwen took charge of the congregation. For a few months 
 services were held in a rented hall. In 1884 a neat little brick 
 church was put up on lot No. 13, south side of Second street. 
 
 The Revd. Mr. McEwen left in the year 1887, and was 
 succeeded in 1888 by the Revd. Mr. Gilmour and the Revd. 
 Mr. Scott. 
 
238 Lunenburgh, or the 
 
 CHAPTER XXVII. 
 
 HIGH SCHOOL. 
 
 The first statute for the estabhshment of schools in Upper 
 Canada, was passed in 1807. Previous to that time the in- 
 struction of the youth of the Province was in the hands of 
 private teachers. The first school in Cornwall of which any 
 record has come down to us was the one established by the 
 Revd. John Strachan in the year 1 803. Four years afterwards ■ 
 the Provincial Legislature passed the Statute 47, George III, 
 Chapter 3, directing the establishment of a Public School in 
 each of the eight districts into which Upper Canada was then 
 divided, viz., The Western, London, Niagara,! Home, Newcastle, 
 Midland, Johnstown and Eastern, and granting the sum of 
 .^800.0.0 per annum for their support. 
 
 The statute directed where the school for each district 
 should be situated, naming the Town of Cornwall for the East- 
 ern District. The school trustees of each school were appoint- 
 ed by the Lieutenant-Governor, and were empowered to nom- 
 inate a fit and proper person to be a teacher, and report the 
 appointment to the Lieutenant-Governor, who had authority 
 to affirm or disallow the nomination. 
 
 The Cornwall school came under the authority of this Act 
 in 1807. Up to that time it had been carried on as a private 
 enterprise. 
 
 *Mr. Strachan, who, as already stated, had been appointed 
 to the charge of the Episcopal congregation at Cornwall, find- 
 ing soon after his arrival that his clerical duties were not oner- 
 ous, opened the school that soon became known through the 
 length and breadth of the land as " The Cornwall Grammar 
 
 * See sermon of Archdeacon Patton, 1868. 
 
Old Eastern District. 239- 
 
 School." His success as an instructor of youth was very great. 
 He studied the character of his pupils, and sought to train 
 their moral and spiritual, as well as their intellectual faculties. 
 Boys from all parts of the Provinces of Upper and Lower 
 Canada were sent to him. The list of his pupils shows the 
 names of many who were in their day the leading men in Ca- 
 nada. In 1812 he was prevailed upon to resign his charge 
 at Cornwall and remove to York. His subsequent career was 
 not only of Provincial, but one may safely say of National 
 fame. 
 
 While he taught in Cornwall he got a patent (dated 21st 
 January, 1808,) for lot number 18, on the south side of Second 
 street, on which lot he had caused to be erected a wooden 
 building for a school-house about the year 1806. On his re- 
 moval from Cornwall he conveyed the school-house and lot to 
 trustees, for the purpose of a District School. The building 
 was occupied as the District School-house until 1855 or 1756. 
 
 After the Revd. Mr. Strachan's departure from Cornwall, 
 the school was carried on by John Bethune, afterwards Dean 
 of Montreal, until 1815. In the year 1817 the Revd. Joseph 
 Johnston, a Presbyterian minister, was appointed master. 
 He no doubt did all in his power for the school, but he was 
 unable to keep up the standing it had acquired in the 
 time of its founder, and his connection with it ceased about 
 1820, when the mastership was given to the Revd. Henry 
 James, and held by him until 1822. 
 
 The next teacher was the Revd. Harry Leith, a minister 
 of the Church of Scotland, and a native of Aberdeen, who held 
 the position until 1826, when he accepted a call to a parish in 
 Scotland. He was a good scholar and an active and energetic 
 teacher, but he did not win the affection of his scholars, pro- 
 bably because he followed too strictly the precept of Solomon : 
 " Withhold not correction from the child, for if thou beatest 
 him with the rod he shall not die." 
 
 From Mr. Leith's departure in January of 1827, the school 
 remained vacant until the i8th of February, in that year, when 
 
j240 Lunmbutgh, or the 
 
 it was placed under the charge of the Rev. Hugh Urqu- 
 hart, who had been educated at King's College, Aberdeen, and 
 ordained a minister, of the Church of Scotland- He had 
 taught from the close of 1822 in the Montreal academical in- 
 stitution. He remained in charge of the Eastern District 
 school until the close of 1840, when he resigned the master- 
 ship to devote himself entirely to his duties as pastor of St. 
 John's Church. He was a ripe scholar and a conscientious 
 and highly successful teacher. Under his superintendence the 
 school maintained the high character it had acquired in the 
 time of Revd. Dr. Strachan. Pupils from all parts of Upper and 
 Lower Canada came to it, and many of those he taught rose to 
 good positions in after life. 
 
 It is pleasing to note that in 1833 a number of those who 
 had received their education at the Cornwall Grammar School 
 presented a piece of plate to their old teacher, then Archdeacon 
 Strachan, as a token of their esteem and affection for him, and 
 that their example was followed by many of the pupils of Dr. 
 Urquhart, who testified their grateful appreciation of his efforts 
 on their behalf by presenting him with a silver salver and tea 
 and coffee service in 1848. 
 
 After Dr. Urquhart's resignation the trustees appointed 
 Mr. Charles B. Turner, a young gentleman from England, who 
 held the mastership about three years, when he returned home 
 and became a clergyman in the English Church. 
 
 His successor was Mr. William Kay, who had been an as- 
 sistant in the school during the latter period of Dr. Urquhart's 
 incumbency.* He was appointed in 1844, and held the posi- 
 tion until about 1858, when he resigned and went into the 
 mercantile business with his brother at Goderich. 
 
 He was succeeded by the Revd. H. W. Davies, who had 
 been a pupil of Mj-. Kay, had finished his education at Trinity 
 College, Toronto, and had entered into the ranks of theclergy 
 
 * The assistants in the school under Dr. Urquhart, were Lawrence Donahue, 
 William Kay and William Bain, who became a minister of the Church, and was for 
 many years minister at Perth, Ontario. 
 
Old Eastern District. 241 
 
 of the Church of England. He taught successfully for some- 
 years, and resigned the mastership of the school to take a 
 position in the Normal School in Toronto.* 
 
 The next master was Mr. William Bradbury, who after 
 teaching satisfactorily for a few years, gave up the school here 
 and took the position of head master of the Gananoque Gram- 
 mar School. 
 
 The next head master was Mr. Briggs, followed in a short 
 time by Mr. Coyne. Both of these gentlemen were competent 
 teachers. Neither of them intended to adopt teaching as a 
 profession, but entered upon it as a stepping-stone to some- 
 thing better. Mr. Coyne is now a barrister. 
 
 On Mr. Coyne's departure about 1871, Mr. James Smith 
 was appointed and held the situation until the close of 1885,. 
 when he was appointed to the Alexandria High School. Mr- 
 Johnson, the former head master of the Alexandria High 
 School, was appointed to the Cornwall High School, and now 
 holds the situation. 
 
 The accommodation provided for teachers and scholars 
 in the Cornwall High School from its first start in 1803 until 
 1877, was very poor. No building was put up for a school- 
 house until about 1806, when, as already mentioned, the 
 wooden house still standing on lot No. 18, south side of 
 Second street, was erected. It never was comfortable, even in 
 the earliest stage of its existence, and as age loosened its 
 joints and widened the cracks in walls and floor, it became 
 almost uninhabitable. The author recollects to this day the- 
 weary hours spent in it during the winter months. It was 
 almost impossible to feel any heat except in the immediate 
 neighborhood of the stove, and the unfortunate scholars whose 
 seats were at a distance from it had to bear the cold as best 
 they could. The room was fitted up with long desks, at each 
 of which eight or ten boys sat, the seats provided for them 
 being common benches without backs. 
 
 * The Rev. Henry Wilson, who was for some time curate at Kingston, was 
 assistant to the Rev. H. W. Davies. 
 
2^2 Lunenburgh, or the 
 
 The old building, venerable for its age, and more par- 
 ticularly for its associations, was used as a tenement house 
 until May, 1 888. It is but little changed outwardly, except 
 that the windows, which in its school days were five or six feet 
 above the floor, have been lowered to the height of those in an 
 ordinary dwelling-house, and many of the clapboards, scored 
 with the initials of generations of school boys, have been re- 
 moved and replaced by others, now weather-stained and 
 blackened ^vith age. It is still the same square, primitive 
 structure, destitute of anything in the way of ornament, black- 
 ened by age and undefiled by paint or white-wash. It is now 
 (June, 1888) turned into a carriage -house and stable, the only 
 external change being a wider door at the west end. It is an 
 old land-mark of the town, and a good specimen of early 
 Canadian architecture. 
 
 In 1855 or 1856, the trustees bought lot No. 12, on the 
 north side of Fourth street, on which they built a small brick 
 school-house. It was some improvement on the old one, 
 though by no means comfortable or adequate to the purpose 
 for which it was intended. It was used for about twenty 
 years, when the absolute necessity for having a proper build- 
 ing was so apparent that the trustees got the present High 
 School building erected in 1877. This is a fine looking 
 structure, and well arranged for the comfort and convenience 
 of both teachers and scholars. 
 
 When the author attended school in the old wooden 
 school building, there was a tradition among the boys that the 
 loft over the school-room contained a box in which were the 
 bones of an Italian, who, having been so unfortunate as to 
 murder some one somewhere (the boys did not condescend 
 upon particulars*), was tried for the crime, convicted, ex- 
 ecuted, and dissected by the doctors. His disembodied spirit 
 was supposed to haunt the school-house, whether for the pur- 
 
 * The author has learned lately, that the Italian murdered his wife's grand- 
 mother ; what the old lady had done to cause her being violently sent from this 
 world to another, and it is hoped a better one, is still a mystery. 
 
Old Eastern District. 
 
 243 
 
 pose of looking after his bones or of frightening bad little 
 boys who might be kept in after school hours, was a point not 
 •exactly decided upon. One lad, who had been kept in and 
 forgotten, was heard screaming at a late hour of the night, and 
 "was nearly wild with terror when released ; he h^d seen 
 nothing, but the old story and the horror of the darkness and 
 Joneliness nearly unsettled his reason. 
 
 The following list of scholars taught by John Strachan at 
 'Cornwall from 1803 to 18 12, is copied from a pamphlet pub- 
 lished in 1868 by John Lovell, Montreal : — 
 
 Ahern, Henry 
 
 Anderson, Robt. G. , Teller Bank of 
 Upper Canada. 
 
 Eethune John, D.D., Dean of Mon- 
 treal. 
 
 Bethune, Alex. N.,D.D., Lord Bishop 
 of Toronto. 
 
 Bethune, James G. , Cashier, Branch of 
 Bank of Upper Canada. 
 
 Bruce, William, Physician, 
 
 Boulton, Henry John, Attorney-Gen- 
 eral, Upper Canada. 
 
 Boulton, Geo. S., Hon., Member L.C. 
 
 Boulton, James, Lawyer. 
 
 Busby, Alexander 
 
 Chewett, William 
 
 ■Chewett, James G., Senior Surveyor, 
 Surveyor General's Department. 
 
 ■Claus, Warren 
 
 ■Clark, Simon, Capt. Voltigeurs. 
 
 -Campbell, James 
 
 Campbell, Duncan 
 
 Colburn, Erastus 
 
 Crawford, John, Merchant, London, 
 England. 
 
 ■Crawford, William 
 
 Cozens, Nelson, Lawyer. 
 
 Chesley, S.Y., M.P., Head Clerk, In- 
 dian Department. 
 
 Dixon, Thomas 
 
 Donovan, Samuel. 
 
 Eorsyth, William A., Merchant. 
 
 Foote, Wm. 
 
 Ford, Jacob, U. S. Colonel. 
 
 Eraser, Simon 
 
 Gates, Walter F., Merchant. 
 
 Grant, William 
 
 Gregory, George 
 
 Gibb, J. D., Merchant Tailor. 
 
 Grant, Wm. A. 
 
 Guay, Bartholomew A. C, Lawyer, 
 
 M. P., Deputy Adjutant-General. 
 Gugy, Thomas, Lawyer. 
 Griffin, Frederick, Lawyer. 
 Hughes, Guy 
 Hall, Charles 
 
 Hall, Wm., an eminent Physician. 
 Hallowell, Wm., Chief Teller Bank of 
 
 British North America. 
 HoUowell, Robt. 
 Hays, Moses, Chief of Police. 
 Hoople, John 
 Kingston, Thomas 
 Jones, Jonas, M.P., Colonel, Judge 
 
 Court Q.B., U. C. 
 Jones, Alpheus, Post-master, Collector, 
 
 Prescott. 
 Jones, Jonathan, Lawyer. 
 Jones, Dunham, Custom House Officer, 
 Jarvis, Samuel Peters, Dy. Sec. and 
 
 Reg'r U. C. 
 Kay, William, Merchant. 
 La Casse, Andrew. 
 Mason, J. W., Officer 24th Regiment. 
 
244 
 
 Lunenburgk, or the 
 
 Mitchell, Geo. 
 
 Mitchell, James 
 
 MacAulay, Sir James Buchanan, Chief 
 
 Justice. 
 MacAulay, John Simeon, Colonel 
 
 Royai Engineers. 
 MacAulay, Wm., Rector of Picton. 
 MacAulay, John, Hon. Member L.C., 
 
 Insp. Gen. U.C. 
 MacAulay, J., Lawyer. 
 Munro, Cornelius 
 Munro, John 
 Munro, David 
 McLean, Archibald, Speaker of the 
 
 House of Assembly and Chief 
 
 Justice. 
 McLean, John, Sheriff, Mid. District, 
 
 and Registrar at Cornwall. 
 McLean, Alex., M.P., Colonel, Dis- 
 trict-Treasurer. 
 McLean, William. (Shot at Niagara.) 
 McDonell, Dd. yE., M. P., Sheriff, 
 
 Colonel, Warden, P.P. 
 McDonald, Don., (Greenfield), Sheriff, 
 
 Deputy- Adjutant-General. 
 McDonell, Duncan, (Greenfield), Col., 
 
 P.L.S. 
 McDonell, James Fraser, Captain 62nd 
 
 Regiment. 
 McDonell, Alex., Lieut. 104th Regi- 
 ment. (Drowned at Quebec.) 
 McDonell, John. (Killed at Lundy's 
 
 Lane. ) 
 McKenzie, Roderick 
 McKenzie, Geo. 
 McKenzie, Alex. 
 McMartin, Daniel, Lawyer. 
 McCutcheon, Wm. 
 McGillivray, Peter 
 Morton, Asa 
 Morton, Leonis 
 O'Brien, E., Officer in the Army. 
 
 Pyke, Thomas 
 
 Porteous, Jaines 
 
 Porteous, John 
 
 Petrie, William 
 
 Richardson, Thomas, Judge in India_ 
 
 Rankin, David 
 
 Rankin, James 
 
 Robinson, Sir John Beverley, Bart.,. 
 Chief Justice U.C. 
 
 Robinson, Peter, Hon. , M. L. C. , Com- 
 missioner Crown Lands. 
 
 Robinson, Wm. B., Hon., M. E. C. , 
 Commissioner Public Works. 
 
 Ridout, Geo., Lawyer, Judge Niagara 
 District. 
 
 Ridout, Thos. G., Cashier, Bank U.C. 
 
 Reinhart, John 
 
 Radenhurst, John, first Clerk, Sur- 
 veyor-General's Department. 
 
 Radenhurst, Thomas, Lawyer. 
 
 Short, James 
 
 Smith, David John, Merchant 
 
 Smith, Wm. B. 
 
 Steele. Abraham G. 
 
 Scott, Bolton 
 
 Scott, Robert, Lieut., Can. Fencibles. 
 
 Stanton, Robert, King's Printer. 
 
 Stanton, Wm., Deputy Assistant 
 Commissary-General. 
 
 Stevens, Nelson 
 
 .Sheek, Isaac, Lawyer. 
 
 Small, Charles 
 
 Small, James A., Judge. 
 
 Vankoughnet, Philip, Hon., M.L.C.,, 
 Colonel, Government Arbitrator. 
 
 Vankoughnet Michael. 
 
 Washburn, David, Lawyer. 
 
 Wilkinson, Alex., Lawyer. 
 
 Wharlfe, Andrew 
 
 Woolrich, James 
 
 Wood, Guy Carleton, Lieut-Col.,. 
 Post -master, Collector of Customs^ 
 
Old Eastern District. 
 
 245 
 
 List of some of the scholars taught by the Revd. H. 
 Urquhart : — 
 
 Anderson, Isaac Brock 
 
 Anderson, M. J., Solicitor. 
 
 Arnoldi, Wm. 
 
 Blackburn, John 
 
 Bagg, Solomon 
 
 Bell, David Munro 
 
 Cline, Wm. Robert 
 
 Chesley, Ed. James 
 
 Chesley, Albert 
 
 Chesley, Oscar 
 
 Cummings, Jas. H. 
 
 Cameron, James Y., Presbyterian 
 
 Minister. 
 Crysler, G. M., Solicitor. 
 Colquhoun, Walter 
 Colquhoun, Sutherland 
 Dickinson, Noah 
 Dickinson, J. J. , Physician. 
 Dickinson. C. M. , Dentist. 
 Downes, Wm. F. 
 Dickinson, Walter 
 
 Dickinson, Moss K. , M. P; for Russell. 
 Empey, Hamilton, Ensign 5th Incor- 
 porated Batt. Militia. 
 Empey, Silas 
 Eraser, John 
 
 Forsyth,Thos., Lieut., 32nd Regiment. 
 Eraser,- Archibald 
 Eraser, William 
 Flanaghan, J. 
 Grant, John 
 
 Hamilton, Robert, Merchant. 
 Hamilton, Geo., Barrister. 
 Hamilton, Harry 
 Hart, Frederick 
 Hogan, John 
 Hogan, William 
 Jones, Charles 
 Jacques, Edward, Physician. 
 Kearns, Carson 
 
 Myers, William Walbridge, Barrister. 
 Mountain, J.F.S., the Rev., D.D. 
 
 Molson, John, Banker 
 
 Molson, Wm. 
 
 Molson, Esdaile 
 
 Munro, J. C. 
 
 McDonell, Arch. John, (Greenfield), 
 
 Barrister. 
 McDonell, Alex.. (Greenfield), So^ 
 
 licitor. 
 McDonald, John Sandfield, the Hon., 
 
 Barrister, Premier of Canada, 
 
 1862 to 1864, Premier of Ontario,, 
 
 1867 to 1872. 
 McDonell, P. J., Barrister 
 McDougall, P. A., Physician. 
 McLean, Archibald Geo. , Barrister. 
 McDonell, Angus (Greenfield), Lieut. 
 
 5th Incorporated Batt. 
 McDonell Reginald, (Greenfield), Lt.- 
 
 Adjt. Royal Canadian Rifles. 
 McLean, John Neil, Barrister, 
 McAulay, D.W.B., Barrister. 
 McAuIay, Donald 
 McLean, Allan Neil 
 McDonell, John, (Greenfield), Bar- 
 rister. 
 McDonell, Robertson, (Greenfield), 
 
 Clerk County Court. 
 McPherson, William. 
 McPherson, John. 
 McPherson, Donald 
 McLean, Thos. A. 
 McDonald, Roderick, Physician 
 McMillan, yEneas, Barrister 
 McDonell, Archibald 
 McQueen, David Shank, Judge County 
 
 Court 
 Prinirle, J. F., Judge County Court. 
 Pringle, J. D., Barrister 
 Ross, Wm., Barrister 
 Skinner, Thomas 
 Sutherland, Wm., Physician 
 Shuter, Joseph, Merchant 
 
246 
 
 Lunmburgh, or the 
 
 Shuter, James, Officer in the Army. 
 Schofield, Augustus 
 Simpson, William, Custom's Dept., 
 Vankoughnet, Philip, the Hon. , Chan- 
 cellor of Upper Canada. 
 
 Vankoughnet, M. R., Barrister. 
 Vankoughnet, Bolton J. 
 Wood, Geo. C, Postmaster 
 Walker, J. A., Merchant. 
 Wagner, Wm., Physician. 
 
 On the east end of the old school-house several names 
 and initials are cut in the clapboards, some of them by scholars 
 who attended the school sixty years ago. " Skinner," after 
 his name appear the words, " came to late dinner" ; G. Crysler, 
 McR., R. McDonald, Joe Shuter, J. A. McPherson, J. N. Mc- 
 Lean. There are others of a much later date, viz., H. Davis,, 
 S.V. K. and L.V. K., and some more that are now illegible 
 and are probably as old as the building. 
 
 In addition to the school at Cornwall, Grammar Schools, 
 now known as High Schools, were established some years ago 
 at Williamstown, Morrisburg, Alexandria and Iroquois. From 
 the repoi't of the Minister of Education for Ontario, for the 
 year 1888, the following extracts are taken : — 
 
 MO 
 
 1^ 
 
 
 Total 
 Receipts 
 
 and 
 Balances. 
 
 H"5 
 
 $ 3221 
 
 81 
 
 $ 5172 42 
 
 $ 2450 00 
 
 800 
 
 00 
 
 1881 99 
 
 811 87 
 
 1052 
 
 40 
 
 1739 27 
 
 1300 00 
 
 2212 
 
 25 
 
 3313 25 
 
 3000 00 
 
 2210 
 
 00 
 
 3281 80 
 
 1832 00 
 
 
 U .3 
 
 •i"S- 
 
 3 P-l 
 
 Cornwall 
 
 Williamstown 
 Alexandria.. . 
 Morrisburgh . 
 
 Iroquois . 
 
 $ 842 63 
 428 8s 
 402 50 
 836 50 
 451 81 
 
 $ 2977 27 
 1161 12 
 1739 27 
 3313 25 
 2381 06 
 
 ^ 143 
 L Free, 
 r 88 
 L Free. 
 
 r 54 
 
 L Free. 
 
 ^249, $5 
 Lpr ann. 
 r 128 
 L $1-25 
 
Old Eastern District. 247 
 
 CHAPTER XXVIII. 
 
 PUBLIC SCHOOLS. 
 
 In 1 8 16, the Statute S6th George III, Chapter 36, was 
 passed for the purpose of estabUshing Common Schools in 
 Upper Canada. Before the passing of this Act, nothing had 
 been done by the Legislature for the support of schools gen- 
 ■erally throughout the townships and rural parts of the country. 
 The District Schools established under the 47th George III, 
 Chap. 3, were all placed in the county towns, and were avail- 
 -able to very few beyond those towns and their immediate 
 vicinity. No doubt some schools were established by private 
 •enterprise in the townships,* but the want of some public pro- 
 vision for the education of the young was severely felt, and 
 -was at last supplied to some extent by the Act passed in 
 i8i6.-)- This statute provided fpr the annual expenditure of 
 .;^6,ooo.o.o for the support of Common Schools. The amount 
 "was divided among the districts of the Province according to 
 population. The Eastern District got ;£"8oo.o.o ; the Home, 
 Johnstown, London, Gore, Western and Niagara Districts, each 
 ^ot ;^6oo.o.o; the Newcastle, ;£'400.o.o; the Midland, ;^i,ooo.o.o, 
 and the Ottawa, ;6 200.0.0. The Act provided that the in- 
 habitants of any town, township, village or place could, on or 
 •before the ist day of June in each year, make arrangements 
 for Common Schools ; that when a competent number of 
 persons should unite and build a school-house and engage to 
 furnish twenty scholars or more, and provide in part for a 
 teacher, they could, on giving eight days' notice, meet and 
 
 * In Croil's Dundas, it is stated that Mr. Clark kept a school in the Township 
 of Matilda, in 1788. 
 
 t A proportion of the land in each township was sef apart for school purposes, 
 i)ut many years passed before any large amount was derived from that source. 
 
248 Lunenburgh, or the 
 
 appoint three trustees, to whom power was given to nominate 
 a teacher, who was required to be a British subject by birth or 
 naturalization. It also provided that the Lieutenant-Governor 
 should appoint not mora than five persons in each district to- 
 form the Board of Education, who were to superintend the 
 schools of the district and apportion the money among them. 
 No school was to receive more than ;£^2 5.0.0 yearly from the 
 Government grant. The trustees of each school were to report 
 to the Board of Education, and the board to the Government. 
 Each Board of Education appointed a clerk. The District 
 Treasurer acted as treasurer to the board. Each of these 
 officers got .£^5.0.0 a year for the performance of his duties- 
 under the Act. The duty of the clerk was to receive the 
 reports from the trustees semi-annually, make up from them 
 the report of the Board of Trustees, and transmit one copy of 
 this report to the Government and one to the District Trea- 
 surer. The clerk's report stated opposite the name of each 
 teacher the names of the trustees of his school, the average 
 number of scholars attending the school during the preceding 
 half-year, and the amounts, proportioned to the number of 
 scholars, to which Ifie was entitled. The duty of the treasurer 
 was to pay each teacher the amount so found to be due to 
 him. Under this system all the Common Schools in the dis- 
 trict were managed at a very small expense, until the passing 
 of the School Act of 1841, which was the beginning of the 
 new order of school management. 
 
 No record is now in existence of any of the Common 
 Schools kept before the passing of the Act of 18 16, nor of 
 those established under that Act, previous to 1842. That a 
 school was established in the town soon after the passing of 
 the Act of 1816, rnay be taken for granted,, and there is very 
 little doubt that the old school-house that stood on lot No. 10, 
 north side of Second street, was built either in 18 16 or 1817. 
 ' The eai-liest mention of this and other schools in the town is 
 found in the books';of the Council in 1842, when the town was 
 divided into two school divisions. 
 

 
 £, s. 
 
 d. 
 
 Scholars, 55 
 
 Allowance, 
 
 18 6 
 
 1% 
 
 50 
 
 " 
 
 16 13 
 
 ^% 
 
 - " 20 
 
 " 
 
 6 13 
 
 3 
 
 25 
 
 (( 
 
 6 4 
 
 10 
 
 " 21 
 
 1 
 
 4 13' 
 
 zVi 
 
 " 20 
 
 " 
 
 I 18 
 
 9'A 
 
 Old Eastern District. 249 
 
 The school-house on lot No. 10 aggears to have been 
 sufficient for nearly all the Common School children for 
 several years. In 1834 a school-house was built on lot No. 
 21, south side of Third street, and a school established there 
 in connection with the congregation of the English Church. 
 Other schools were opened from time to time in different parts 
 ■of the town, until there were in 1843 no less than six. The 
 names of the teachers, the number of the scholars, and the 
 Government allowance to each teacher, are as follows : 
 
 Miss Brown, (Church of England), 
 
 Mr. Pitts, 
 
 Mr. Ryan, 
 
 Miss M. Cozens, (for 9 months', 
 
 Mrs. Blackwood, (for 8 months) 
 
 Mr. Ross, (for 3^ months), 
 
 The name of John McKerras also appears as one of the 
 teachers in 1843. 
 
 In 1844, the superintendent of the Common Schools in 
 town complained that he could not get the Government allow- 
 ance, £64.0.11^, because the Town Council had neglected to 
 levy a like sum from the town. 
 
 In 1849 the teachers and their allowances were : John 
 McKerras, ^10.1.7 ; J. Hartley, ;^5. 2.2 ; Miss Brown, iJs. 2.2 ; 
 Miss Cozens, £4.14.7 ; Miss J. Cozens, ;^2.io.5. 
 
 In 1853 the need of a new school-house became so evident 
 that the trustees obtained from the Town Council the sum of 
 ;£'740.0.o for the purpose of building one. The trustees having 
 decided, after a good- deal of discussion, that it was better to 
 erect one school-house to accommodate all the children than 
 to put up a building in each ward, a brick house of two storeys 
 in height, with two rooms on each flat, was' put up on lot No. 
 10, north side of Second street. Jt waa sufficient at the time 
 for four teachers and their classes ; the schools under the 
 charge of Miss Brown and Mr. Bartley. being also kept up. 
 
 As the town increased more schools were required, and 
 rooms were hired in different parts of the town to receive the 
 
250 Lunenburgh, or the 
 
 younger children. The particulars in regard to these cannot 
 now be got, as all the school records prior to 1858 were burned. 
 
 The records from January ist, 1858, are extant. They 
 show that year by year more interest was taken in school 
 matters ; salaries were increased, and greater efforts were made 
 to procure the services of competent teachers. 
 
 In 1859 the sum of ;£'345.o.o was granted for school pur- 
 poses. 
 
 In 1 861 four teachers were employed, two of whom got 
 $300.00 a year each ; the other two $180.00 and $140.00 re- 
 spectively. In 1865 the salaries were raised to $500.00,, 
 $350.00, $205.00 and $180.00. 
 
 In 1 87 1 the school property was enlarged by the purchase 
 of lot No. 10, on the south side of Third street, for which the 
 trustees paid $355-55. 
 
 In 1879 the number of scholars was 340 ; they increased 
 to 458 in 1880. As the number of scholars increased from 
 year to year, the salaries were raised and more teachers em- 
 ployed. In 1884 the salaries amounted to $2,580.00. 
 
 In 1883 and 1884 the number of scholars had increased! 
 so much that the building put up in 1854 could not contain 
 them, and the trustees decided upon erecting a new school- 
 house. For this purpose they required $25,000.00 from the 
 town, which, after a good deal of demur and difficulty, was 
 granted by by-law passed by the Council and ratified by the 
 vote of the ratepayers. Upon the passing of the by-law, the 
 trustees bought lot No. 11, on the north side of Second street,, 
 for $3,000.00. They had some time previously bought lot No> 
 II, south side of Third street, so that the Public School pro- 
 perty consisted of four town lots, nearly five acres of land. 
 About the centre' of this plot of ground they erected the new 
 school-house. It is a large, handsome and commodious brick 
 building, two storeys in height, exclusive of the basement,, 
 which contains the caretaker's aparatments, the hot air fur- 
 naces, and rooms for storage of coal, etc. This building, as 
 well as the High School, are ornaments to the town, and, with 
 
Old Eastern District. 
 
 251 
 
 the exception of the new Post Office, are by far the finest 
 public buildings in it. 
 
 The trustees have also built a small school-house on lot 
 No. 2, south side of First street, for the younger children living 
 in the eastern part of the town, and they propose putting up a 
 similar building for those living in the west. 
 
 The Separate Schools in connection with the Roman 
 Catholic Church have already been alluded to. 
 
 The following is as accurate a list as can b6 got of the 
 teachers employed from the beginning of 1850 : — 
 
 Miss Brown 
 
 ' ' Cozens 
 
 " Cattanach 
 
 " McElroy 
 
 " McDonell 
 
 " Helen McDonell 
 
 " Theresa Irvine 
 
 " McLennan 
 
 " Palmer 
 
 " Snetsinger 
 
 " Styles 
 
 " McDonald 
 
 " Kennedy 
 
 " Kendall 
 
 " Campbell 
 
 " Strickland 
 
 " Falkner 
 
 ' ' Ross 
 
 " TurnbuU 
 ' ' Lewis 
 " Leitch 
 " McDonell 
 Mrs. McLeod 
 Miss S. M. Carpenter 
 " McNaughton 
 
 Samuel Hart 
 
 Wm. Millar 
 
 Charles Poole 
 
 Rev. Mr. Campbell, 1859 
 
 James Bethune, 1864 
 
 Rev. Mr. Hugel, 1866 
 
 Miss Stafford 
 
 " McNaughton 
 
 " Craig 
 
 ' ' Moss 
 
 Mr. Barkley 
 
 " Mulhern 
 
 " McQueen 
 
 ' ' Mclntyre 
 
 " Ross 
 
 " A. L. Hay 
 
 " R. C. McGregor 
 
 " D. McDiarmid 
 
 " E. Poole 
 
 ' ' McKay 
 
 " A. W. Ross 
 
 " McKercher 
 
 " D. Maxwell 
 
 " Geo. Mildon 
 
 " F. C. Collins 
 
 " Talbot 
 
 " Bisset 
 
 " W. B. Lawson 
 
 ' ' Ay res, Music Teacher, 
 
 " Reed, 
 
 Superintendents : 
 
 Rev. Mr. Burnett, 1868 
 Mr. McDiarmid, 1871 
 Rev. Mr. Henderson, 1872 
 Rev. Mr. Austin, 1873 
 R. B. Carman, Inspector 
 A. W. Ross 
 
252 Lunenburgh, or the 
 
 In the early days of school work, everything connected 
 with the schools was very rough. Each board of trustees got 
 a little piece of land, which afforded room enough for the 
 schoolrhouse and possibly for a small shed for wood. No at- 
 tempt was made to secure a play-ground, that would have 
 been considered extravagance. The youngsters went to school, 
 not to play, but to study ; and if they needs must waste 
 their time in play the road was free to them for that purpose. 
 The school-house was almost invariably a log building, barely 
 large enough to hold the teacher and the pupils. It was light- 
 ed by three or four small windows, and was furnished with the 
 cheapest kind of desks and benches. A stove, a pail, and a 
 tin cup, completed the equipment. Books were very scarce, 
 and were as well taken care of as possible. The subjects 
 taught were not many, so that a few copies of Mavors' spelling 
 book, the English reader, Lindlay Murray's grammar. Gold- 
 smith's geography and history of England, and Walkingham's 
 arithmetic, sufficed ; each scholar, of course, furnished his own 
 slate, his copy-book, and his pencils, pen and ink. In those 
 <iays there were no steel pens, quills alone were used, and part 
 of the master's work was to make and mind the pens (an art 
 that is going rapidly out of use in the present day.) The teach- 
 ers were badly paid, and were in many places obliged to "board 
 round" among the families that sent children to the school. 
 
 As the population increased, and money became more 
 plentiful, better arrangements were made for the schools. From 
 year to year improvements were made, until the present time, 
 when in many a section the school-house is a good brick or 
 stone building situated in a fine space of ground, with some 
 attempt at ornament in the way of setting out shade trees. 
 
 The names of the teachers of " ye olden time" have not 
 ibeen handed down to us, though they may linger yet in the 
 memory of some grey -haired grand-sires or dames who in child- 
 hood attended their teachings. Those old teachers were per- 
 haps not very learned. In fact it is scarcely a matter of doubt 
 that very few of them could have worried through a modern 
 
Old Eastern District. 255 
 
 examination and come out with a certificate even of tiie lowest 
 grade. They were not troubled with examinations until the 
 School Act had been in force for some years, when a regulation 
 was made that each teacher should be examined by a member 
 of the board of trustees for the District School, and get a cer- 
 tificate of his competence to teach. These examinations were 
 not by any means severe, so that a very ordinary amount of 
 knowledge sufficed to enable the applicant to pass and get a 
 certificate. There was one question in arithmetic that was 
 occasionally put by one of the trustees, " If a herring and a half 
 cost a penny and a half, how many can be bought for twelve 
 pence." More than one aspirant for the position of teacher 
 has been floored by this abstruse " brain-twister." The course 
 of instruction in the old days was confined almost entirely to 
 the three R's, (reading, 'riting and 'rithmetic.) Some of the 
 teachers were good grammarians, as grammarians went, in the 
 days of Lindlay Murray. Some were good arithmeticians ; a 
 few could teach book-keeping, and many were admirable pens- 
 men. Each of them could in his way give a plain education 
 such as suited the times and the wants of the people. 
 
 Several old soldiers and sailors took to teaching. If they 
 lacked anything in the way of " book-larnin' " they made up 
 for the deficiency in discipline, in fact very few of the old 
 teachers omitted the duty of impressing on their scholars the 
 necessity of being courteous and civil, and of saluting all per- 
 sons whom they encountered. It would have been thought 
 strange if on any one meeting school children, the little lads 
 did not touch their hats, and the little maidens did not curtsey 
 to the passer-by, who always courteously returned the salute. 
 Might not the pupils of modern days take a lesson from the 
 old masters in this particular ? 
 
 Under the Public School Act of 1 807, the trustees appoint- 
 ed for the Eastern District were : 
 
 The Rev. Salter Mountain The Hon. Neil McLean 
 
 Samuel Anderson Joseph Anderson 
 
 John Chrysler Alex. McMillan, Esq. 
 
254 
 
 Ltinenburgh, or the 
 
 And under the Common School Act of 1816, Donald 
 McDonell and Archd. McLean, M.P., composed the Board of 
 Education. 
 
 The board for the general superintendence of education in 
 
 Upper Canada was as follows : 
 
 Hon. and Rev. Dr. Strachan Rev. R. Addison 
 
 Hon. Joseph Wells J. B. Robinson, Esq. , Att. -Gen. 
 
 Hon. G. H. Markland Thos. Ridout, Esq., Surveyor-Gen.t 
 
 The following information about the Public Schools is 
 taken from the report of the Minister of Education, Ontario,, 
 for 1888 :— 
 
 
 School Popu- 
 
 lati'n between 
 
 5 and 21. 
 
 No. of all ages 
 
 attending 
 
 school. 
 
 Public School Teachers. 
 
 Separate Schools. 
 
 
 
 
 Av'ge Salaries 
 
 
 -1 
 it 
 
 0:3 
 
 2 
 
 
 
 •A 
 
 •^1 
 -1 
 
 Stormont . . . 
 
 5527 
 
 4763 
 
 20 
 
 62 
 
 $364 
 
 $242 
 
 4 
 
 7 
 
 380 
 
 $ 1392 
 
 Dundas .... 
 
 6463 
 
 5391 
 
 33 
 
 S8 
 
 383 
 
 z.SS 
 
 
 
 
 
 Glengarry . . . 
 
 6318 
 
 5292 
 
 16 
 
 72 
 
 343 
 
 238 
 
 5 
 
 8 
 
 607 
 
 130W 
 
 Town of \ 
 Cornwall / ' 
 
 2360 
 
 1562 
 
 * 
 
 * 
 
 -» « 
 
 3 
 
 8 
 
 945 
 
 2000 
 
 t York Almanac for 1824. 
 *Not stated. 
 
Old Eastern District. 255. 
 
 CHAPTER XXIX. 
 
 In 1792 the first election for members of the Legislative 
 Assembly (the Upper Canadian House of Commons) took 
 place under authority of the Imperial Statute of 1791. The 
 Counties of Stormont and Dundas were each entitled to elect 
 one member. The County of Glengarry was formed into two 
 ridings, each of which returned a member. The exact date of 
 holding the first election is not known. It must have occurred 
 at the latest in the summer of 1792, as the first session of the 
 House was held on the 17th day of September in that year. 
 
 The author, though he has made many efforts, has not been 
 able to procure the names of all the members who have repre- 
 sented the three counties from the time of the first election. 
 The following lists give all the information he has been able to 
 procure. They are taken partly from the records of the Court 
 of General Quarter Sessions, partly from old almanacs of 182 1, 
 1824, 1839, &c., and partly from sessional papers and journals 
 of the House.* 
 
 On the 7th March, 1820, the Statute 60, Geo. Ill, Chap. 3, 
 was passed giving one member to counties with one thousand 
 inhabitants, and two to those having four thousand. Under 
 this Act Stormont had two members from 1 820. Dundas had 
 two from 1828. This continued until the union of Upper and 
 Lower Canada was effected in 1841, when the three counties 
 and the town each returned one member. The following are 
 the names of the members for 
 
 STORMONT. 
 Jeremiah French, 1792 to '796 
 
 R. I. D. Gray, 179^ 
 
 D'Arcy Boulton, up to - 1808 
 
 Abraham Marsh, - 1812 
 
 * For an accoimt of the manner of conducting elections in the old days, see 
 Chapter XIV, near the end. 
 
J256 
 
 Lunenburgh, or the 
 
 Philip Vanknoughnet, 
 Archibald McLean, 
 Don. M. McDonell, 1 
 William Bruce, / 
 
 Archibald McLean, 
 Alexander McLean, 
 Donald ^neas McDonell, 
 
 (After the union of Upper and 
 Alexander McLean, 
 Donald iEneas McDonald, 
 Alexander McLean, 1848 
 
 Wm. Mattice, ... 
 
 Samuel Ault, 
 
 1818 to 1834 
 
 1820 to 1834 
 
 1834 183s 1836 1837 
 
 1836 to 1837 
 
 1837 1838 1839 1840 
 
 1838 1839 1840 
 
 Lower Canada. ) 
 
 1841 1842 1843 1844 
 
 1845 1846 1847 
 
 1849 1850 1851 1852 
 
 1853 to 1861 
 
 1862 to 1867 
 
 DOMINION. 
 
 rSamuel Ault, 1867 to 1872 
 
 Cyril Archibald, 1873 to 1878 
 
 -Oscar Fulton, 1878 to 1882 
 
 p. Bergin, 1882 to 1886 
 
 b. Bergin, 1887 
 
 PROVINCE OF ONTARIO. 
 
 Wm. Colquhoun, 1867 to 1872 
 
 James Bethune, 1873 to 1879 
 
 Joseph Kerr, 1880 to 1 886 
 
 
 
 DUNDAS. 
 
 
 
 
 
 Alexander Campbell, 
 
 
 - 
 
 - 
 
 1792 
 
 to 
 
 1797 
 
 
 Thomas Fraser, 
 
 
 - 
 
 - 
 
 1797 
 
 to 
 
 1800 
 
 
 Jacob Weager, 
 
 
 ■ 
 
 - 
 
 1800 
 
 to 
 
 1804 
 
 
 Henry Merkley, 
 
 
 - 
 
 T 
 
 1804 
 
 to 
 
 1 808 
 
 
 John Crysler, 
 
 
 
 - 
 
 1808 
 
 to 
 
 1824 
 
 
 Peter Shaver, 
 
 
 
 - 
 
 1824 
 
 to 
 
 1828 
 
 
 Peter Shaver, 1 
 George Brouse, / . 
 
 
 - 
 
 - 
 
 1821 
 
 to 
 
 1830 
 
 
 Peter Shaver, 1 
 John Cook. J 
 
 
 
 - 
 
 1830 
 
 to 
 
 1840 
 
 
 
 (After the 
 
 Union. ) 
 
 
 
 
 
 John Cook, 
 
 
 
 
 1841 
 
 to 
 
 1845 
 
 
 Geo. McDonell, 
 
 
 
 - 
 
 184s 
 
 to 
 
 1848 
 
 
 John Pliny Crysler, 
 
 
 - 
 
 
 1848 
 
 to 
 
 1852 
 
 
 Jesse W. Rose, 
 
 
 
 - 
 
 1852 
 
 to 
 
 1854 
 
 
 John Pliny Crysler, 
 
 
 - 
 
 - 
 
 1854 
 
 to 
 
 I8S7 
 
 
 James Wm. Cook, - 
 
 
 
 ■ 
 
 1848 
 
 to 
 
 i86i 
 
 
 John S. Ross, 
 
 
 - 
 
 - 
 
 1862 
 
 to 
 
 1867 
 
 
 DOMINION. 
 
 
 
 PROVINCE 
 
 OF ONTARIO. 
 
 
 John S. Ross, 1867 
 
 to 
 
 1872 
 
 Simon Cook, 
 
 
 i; 
 
 867 to 
 
 187s 
 
 Wm. Gibson, 1873 
 
 to 
 
 1878 
 
 Andrew Brodie, 
 
 
 i! 
 
 S75 to 
 
 1886 
 
 John S. Ross, 1878 
 
 to 
 
 1882 
 
 Dr. Chamberlain, 
 
 
 If 
 
 586 
 
 
 C. E. Hickey, 1882 
 
 to 
 
 1886 
 
 J. P. Whitney, 
 
 
 li 
 
 S87 
 
 
 C. E. Hickey, 1887 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Old Eastern District. 
 
 257 
 
 GLENGARRY. 
 John McDonell, of Aberchallader, first Speaker, 
 Hugh McDonell, 
 John N. Campbell, 
 Angus B. McDonell, 
 Alexander McKenzie, 
 Alexander McDonell, (Cullachy), \ 
 Walter Butler Wilkinson, / 
 
 Alexander McDonell, (Cullachy), 1 
 Thomas, Fraser j 
 
 John McDonell, (Greenfield), 
 Alexander McMartin, "1 
 
 John Cameron, 
 Alex. McDonell, \ 
 Alex. McMartin, J 
 Alexander McDonell, 
 Duncan Cameron, 
 Alexander Fraser, 
 Alexander McDonell, I 
 Alexander Chisholm, J 
 Donald McDonell, 
 John S. McDonald, 
 D. A. McDonald, 
 
 DOMINION. 
 
 D. A. McDonald, . i868 to 1875 
 
 Arch. McNab, . . iS;!; to 1878 
 
 John McLennan, . 1878 to 1882 
 
 D. McMaster' . . 1882 to 1887 
 
 P. Purcell, . . 1887 
 
 1792 
 
 1796 
 1803 
 1808 
 
 1808 
 I812 
 
 l8l2 
 
 1816 
 
 fi8 
 1 18 
 
 1820 
 
 1823 
 
 :82i 
 
 1823 1828 
 
 1824 or 1828 and 1830 to 1834 
 
 1834 183s 
 
 . 1836 1837 1838 
 
 1841 to 1858 
 
 1858 to 1867 
 
 PROVINCE OF ONTARIO. 
 
 James Craig, 
 A. J. Grant, . 
 D. McMaster, 
 Jas. Rayside, 
 Jas. Rayside, 
 
 1868 to 
 187s 'o 
 1880 to 
 1883 to 
 1886 
 
 1875: 
 1879- 
 1883. 
 1886 
 
 TOWN OF CORNWALL; 
 
 Archibald McLean, 
 Geo. S. Jarvis, 
 S. Y. Chesley, . 
 Rolland McDonald, 
 John Hillard Cameron, 
 Roderick McDonald, 
 Hon. J. S. McDonald, . 
 
 DOMINION. 
 
 Hon. J. S. McDonald, 1868 to 1872 
 
 D. Bere;in, . 1873 'o 1874 
 
 A. F. McDonald, . 1875 to 1878 
 
 D. Bergin, . . 1878 to 1882 
 
 The town was joined to the county in 
 
 1882, and Dr. Bergin was elected 
 
 for the county in that year, and 
 
 again in 1887. 
 
 1834 to 1835 
 
 1836 to 1840 
 
 1840 to 1846 
 1846 
 
 1847 to 1852 
 
 1853 to 1858 
 
 1858 to 1868 
 
 PROVINCE OF ONTARIO. 
 
 Hon. J. S. McDonald, 1868 to 
 J. G. Snetsinger, 1873 to 
 
 Wm. Mack, . .1880 to 
 A. P. Ross, . . 1883 to 
 
 William Mack, . 1886 
 
 for Cornwall and Stormont. 
 
 1872 
 
 1879' 
 1883. 
 1885. 
 
-258 Lunenburgh, or the 
 
 GRENVILLE AND LEEDS. 
 
 EphraiiiL Jones, . . . 179210 1796 
 
 Solomon Jones, .... 1796 to l8c30 
 
 Edward Jessup, . . . . 1796 to 1800 
 
 PRESCOTT OR RUSSELL. 
 Thomas Meers, . . . . . 181 1 to 1812 
 
 The following copy of an election address, issued by- 
 Robert Isaac Dey Gray, in August, 1796, is taken from the 
 Cornwall "Freeholder" of 2nd March, 1889. The address 
 published in the " Freeholder" was handed to the editor by 
 Mr. G. A. Forsyth, of Moulinette. It is well printed and well 
 preserved, and it has been in the possession of the Forsyth 
 family from the time it was issued, nearly a century ago : — 
 
 -"To THE Free and Independent Electors of the Township.s of 
 
 Cornwall and Osnakruck, and of the County of Stormont. 
 " Gentlemen : — 
 
 ■'Actuated from an ardent inclination of devoting myself to your .particular 
 service, and earnestly wishing to become instrumental in promoting your welfare, 
 by being classed, among those who are to represent this country in its second Pro- 
 vincial Parliament, I humbly offer myself a candidate for your suffrages at the 
 -approaching election for the County of Stormont. 
 
 ' ' And I beg leave to assure you that should I be so fortunate as to have the 
 honor of becoming your representative, I shall endeavour faithfully to acquit my- 
 self in that important duty, by my zealous exertions to support your rights and 
 promote your interests ; and rest assured further, that it shall ever be my greatest 
 ambition to manifest to you on all occasions, the same readiness and zeal to serve 
 you which the greater part of you have uniformly experienced during a course of 
 many years, from your late friend and benefactor* ; and it will afford me a source 
 of the greatest consolation and happiness, if from my earnest endeavours I shall 
 hereafter prove myself equally deserving of your confidence. 
 " I have the honor to be, gentlemen, 
 
 " Your devoted and most faithful servant, 
 
 "R. L D. Gray." 
 "August 3, 1796." 
 
 * " The friend and benefactor" must mean his father, James Gray, Major of 
 the 1st Battalion of the King's Royal Regiment of New York, who was the first 
 -owner of Gray's Creek, and who died in 1795. 
 
Old Eastern District. 259 
 
 CHAPTER XXX. 
 
 Cornwall was never a regular garrison town, but on several 
 ■occasions troops, either regular or Provincial, have been station- 
 -ed there. At the first settlement of the place most of the men 
 in the town and the neighborhood had served in the Royal 
 Yorkers, or in the 84th, and were quite ready and able to de- 
 fend themselves had there been any attack upon them. There 
 was, however, no garrison there until the outbreak of the war 
 ■of 1 8 12, when the flank* companies of several of the militia 
 regiments were called out for active service, and some of them 
 were stationed at Cornwall under the command of Capt. Neil 
 McLean, who had been an officer in the 84th during the Revo- 
 lutionary war. In addition to the companies of militia there 
 were detachments of the 49th and 70th Regiments, and some 
 of the Royar Artillery stationed in the town. After peace was 
 restored, the militia returned to their homes, and the regular 
 troops were withdrawn. 
 
 In 1829, troops en route from Montreal to Kingston came 
 "by steamboat from Coteau du Lac to Cornwall, and marched 
 thence to Dickinson's Landing, where they embarked on the 
 ;steamer for Prescott. The first of the regiments that passed 
 through Cornwall was the 79th Cameron Highlanders, some of 
 whom bore the Waterloo medal. 
 
 In 1836 a company of the 15th regiment, was sent from 
 Kingston to Cornwall on account of the riotous behaviour of 
 some of the canal laborers at Dickinson's Landing. This com- 
 pany was stationed in the town for about two months. When 
 the rebellion broke out in Upper and Lower Canada in the fall 
 
 * Flank companies, Each regiment consisted of ten companies, that on the 
 ■right, called the Grenadier company ; that on the left, called the Light Infantry 
 -company, were the flank companies. 
 
26o Lwtenbutgh, or the 
 
 of 1837, a volunteer company* of fifty men was raised in the 
 town in November, and sent to occupy the fort at Coteau du 
 Lac, where they remained until relieved by a company of the 
 2nd Stormont Militia about the beginning of December. Two 
 regiments of militia, the Cornwall Volunteer Corps, under Col. 
 Vankoughnet, and a Glengarry regiment under Col. A. Mc- 
 Donell, were sent to Cornwall in November, and remained un- 
 til the spring of 1838, when they were relieved from duty. 
 
 Two regiments called the Lancaster and the Williamstown 
 Highlanders, were raised under the command of Lt.-Col. Don- 
 ald McDonell, and Lieut.-Col. Alexander Fraser, respectively. 
 A part of these corps remained in Lancaster and Williamstown ; 
 the rest were sent to Lower Canada, where they were on duty 
 until the spring of 1838. On the arrival of the Glengarry regi- 
 ments in Montreal, they were inspected by Major-General Sir 
 John Colborne-|- and his staff, all of whom expressed great ad- 
 miration of the magnificent appearance and physique of the 
 men. One of the men of Col. Fraser's regiment, Lewis Grant,, 
 who stood about 6 feet 7, carried a brass three-pounder field 
 piece on his shoulder when the regiment marched past the in- 
 specting General. In the summer of 1838 an independent 
 company of infantry was raised in Cornwall under the com- 
 mand of Capt. Geo. Crawford, and quartered in the barracks, 
 near the jail. On Sunday, the nth of Nov. 1 838, a large num- 
 ber of armed men, who called themselves " sympathisers," left 
 Ogdensburg in the steamer "United States" and two schooners, 
 for the purpose of invading Canada. It is probable that their 
 motives were of a rather mixed character, and that although a 
 
 * The officers were Martin McMartin, Captain B. G. French, Lieutenant 
 and S. I. B. Ander.son, Esq. The author was one of the privates. 
 + Afterwards Lord Seaton. 
 
 Note— The winter of 2837-38 was very mild. There was sleighing in the 
 Jatter part of December, 1837; two companies of the 24th Regiment, under Capt. 
 Lutman, came up from Montreal in sleighs on their way to Niagara, but the snow 
 left early in January, 1838, and about the middle of that month the Head-quarter 
 division of the 32nd Regiment came from Coteau du Lac to Cornwall on board the 
 "Neptune" steamer. 
 
Old Eastern District. 261 
 
 wish to aid the unfortunate Canadian, " ground down by the 
 minions of British tyranny," was one of them, a desire to ap- 
 propriate to themselves the possessions real and personal of the 
 so-called minions and their victims was another and a much 
 stronger one. The band of marauders attempted to land at 
 the Town of Prescott, but failing* to do so one of the schooners 
 crossed to Ogdensburg, where she ran aground. The other 
 drifted down the river, and anchored opposite the Windmill, 
 which stands on a rocky point about a mile and a half below 
 Prescott. It is circular and strongly constructed of stone. Its 
 walls are about three and a half feet thick, and eighty feet 
 high. The interior is divided into several storeys, the small 
 windows of which answer for loop-holes.-f- There were a num- 
 ber of stone houses around it, and most of the fences in the 
 neighborhood were of the same material. Here the schooner 
 load of banditti made a lodgement, and were soon joined by 
 reinforcements that came from Ogdensburg in small boats. 
 The night was spent in strengthening the position in the wind- 
 mill and the adjacent houses under the command of Von 
 Schultz, a Polish exile. 
 
 This invasion caused great excitement at Prescott and in 
 the neighborhood. The Canadians showed their gratitude to 
 these self-styled liberators in a manner very unpleasant to the 
 latter. Men of all shades of political opinion sprang to arms 
 at once, ready and eager to "welcome the invaders with bloody 
 hands to hospitable graves." The little steamer "Experiment" 
 was sent from Brockville early on Monday. She was armed 
 with two small cannon, and during the day cruised up and 
 down the river firing on the boats of the sympathisers as they 
 crossed to and from Ogdensburg. 
 
 The steamer "United States" had been seized at Ogdens- 
 burg by an armed mob, and was employed in taking men, 
 arms and ammunition to the windmill. As she was returning 
 
 * Croil's "Dundas.'' 
 
 + It was built by a Mr. Hughes several years before 1837 for a windmill, 
 but was not a success. It is now a light-house. s 
 
262 Lunenburgh, or the 
 
 on her last trip, a shot from the " Experiment " beheaded the 
 pilot, who was steering. The United States marshall, who 
 arrived in the evening at Ogdensburg, made a formal seizure of 
 the steamer, and prevented her from giving any further aid to 
 the invaders. On Monday night the steamers " Queen" and 
 " Cobourg" came down with a party of 70 men, marines and 
 I'cgulars, from Kingston. A company of Glengarry Militia, 
 under Capt. Geo. McDonald, lay on the ground in the neigh- 
 borhood of the windmill all night under a heavy rain, with 
 only their blankets for a covering, and a detachment of 140 
 men from the 9th Provisional Battalion, under Lieut.-Col. 
 Gowan, occupied Prescott. On Tuesday morning a battalion 
 of Dundas Militia, numbering 300 men, commanded by Col. 
 John Crysler, came up and were joined by a part of the 1st 
 Grenville Militia. An attack was planned on the rebel force. 
 The left wing of the British force, consisting of 30 Marines 
 under Lieut. Parker, part of Capt. Geo. McDonell's company of 
 Glengarry Volunteers, and a portion of the Dundas and Grenville 
 Militia, under Col. R. D. Fraser, took up their position at the 
 edge of the woods, where the enemy had posted their picquets 
 and drove them in gallantly. The right wing, consisting of 
 40 men of the 83rd Regt. of the line, part of Col. Gowan's 
 Battalion, 60 men of Capt. Edmonstone's company, and part 
 of the Dundas Militia, the whole under the command of Col. 
 Young, proceeded along the bank of the river, and having ad- 
 vanced to within a few rods of the windmill, encountered a 
 sharp fire from the enemy. The action on the left commenced 
 by a galling fire from the brigands posted behind stone walls in 
 rear of the mill. The British being on rising ground were very 
 much exposed, nevertheless they advanced steadily, loading 
 and firing with great precision. The enemy were driven from 
 their shelter in great confusion,* and retreated to another stone 
 wall, from which they were also dislodged, and finally driven 
 into the windmill and the adjacent stone buildings, from which 
 they maintained a vigorous fire upon their assailants, who suf- 
 
 * Croil's " Dundas." 
 
Old Eastern District. 263 
 
 fered severely from it. Col. C. B. Turner * with the 2ndt Stor- 
 mont Militia, under Col. P. Vankoughnet, came up while this 
 ■action was going on, and took part in it. 
 
 Wednesday and Thursday were passed in comparative 
 inaction, the British waiting for reinforcements and for guns 
 •of sufficient calibre to reduce the place. The Brigands remain- 
 ■ed shut up in their position, and kept up a desultory fire from 
 the windows of the buildings. 
 
 On Friday at half-past twelve the steamers "William IV," 
 ■" Brockville" and " Cobourg," came down, having on board 
 the 83rd Regt. of the line, and a detachment of the Royal Artil- 
 lery, with three 24 pounders. The 83rd and the Artillery, with 
 the heavy guns, opened fire on the enemy, which dislodged 
 them from the stone houses, and drove them into the mill ; at 
 the same time the three steamers assailed them from the river. 
 Within half an hour a white flag was seen to wave from the top 
 •of the windmill, but it waved in vain. A heavy fire was con- 
 tinued ; every building in the vicinity of the mill was set on 
 fire, and the attack concentrated on the main fortress. At 
 length the firing ceased, and the invaders marched out and sur- 
 rendered at discretion. Von Schultz and many others were 
 found concealed in the bushes, and dragged from their hiding 
 places. The number of prisoners who surrendered was no, 
 besides those taken during the seige. j In the mill were found 
 ^several hundred kegs of powder, a large quantity of cartridges, 
 pistols and swords, and 200 stand of arms, most of which were 
 ■of superior workmanship. Many of the swords and dirks were 
 ;silver mounted, and their hilts elaborately carved. A silk flag 
 valued at $100.00 was also taken, on which was displayed a 
 :spread eagle, beautifully worked, surmounted by a single star, 
 and beneath, also wrought in silk, the words : " Liberated by 
 the Onondaga Hunters." 
 
 * Col. Turner had command of the Eastern District, 
 t The Third Provisional Battalion which was then being raised. 
 J About fifty men were taken on Tuesday, and every night the picquets took 
 aome who were trying to escape. 
 
264 Lunenburgh, or the 
 
 The total loss of the invaders in killed and wounded 
 could not be accurately ascertained, as many of them were 
 taken across the river. Not less than forty are known to have 
 been killed, including three officers. In the pocket of one of 
 them was found a list of proscribed persons in Prescott, who- 
 were to have been put to death. 
 
 The official return of the British loss was 2 officers and 1 1 
 rank and file killed, 4 officers and 63 rank and file wounded^ 
 The officers killed were W. S. Johnson, Lieutenant 83rd Regi- 
 ment, and — Dulmage, 2nd Grenville Militia. Those wounded 
 were Ogle R. Gowan, Lieutenant-Colonel 9th Provisional Bat- 
 talion, slightly ; Lieut. Parker, Royal Marines, slightly ; Johm 
 Parlow, Lieutenant 2nd Dundas Militia, severely ; Angus Mc- 
 Donell, Lieutenant Glengarry Highlanders, slightly. Of the 
 Dundas Militia 4 were killed and 7 wounded.* 
 
 Another attempt was made at Windsor by a party who- 
 came over from Detroit. They were defeated by a force under 
 Colonel Prince, who laconically summed up the results thus in 
 his despatch : " Of the brigands and pirates 2 1 were killed,, 
 besides 4 -fAxo were brought in just at the close, whom I 
 ordered to be shot on the spot, which was done accordingly."' 
 
 The prisoners taken in these engagements were nearly all 
 Americans. One hundred and eighty of them were tried! 
 before general courts-martial at Fort Henry and London in 
 the spring of 1839, and sentenced to be hanged. A number 
 were pardoned in consideration of their youth and other ex- 
 tenuating circumstances. Ten only of the whole number were 
 hanged at Fort Henry ; the rest had their sentence commuted 
 and were transported to Van Deiman's Land, where many of 
 them died. After several years the remainder were pardoned^ 
 and most of them returned to their homes. 
 
 The fate of Von Schultz excited great sympathy. He 
 pleaded guilty to the charge against him, " of having been 
 unlawfully and treasonably in arms against our Lady the 
 
 * Thomas Fraser, son of Col. R. D. Fraser, received a commission in the- 
 regular service for his gallantry in this affair. 
 
Oid Eastern District. 265 
 
 ■Queen," and died a victim of the designing traitors who urged 
 him into the enterprise and then cruelly abandoned him in the 
 hour of danger.* 
 
 While the attention of the authorities was taken up by 
 the attack at the Windmill, the discontented among the French 
 ■Canadians tried a little exploit of their own. They seized 
 upon the steamer " Henry Brougham" when she put in at 
 Beauharnois, on her usual trip from the Cedars to La Chine, 
 ■on the 2nd of November, 1838, and took the crew and pas- 
 sengers prisoners. Among the passengers were D. E. Mc- 
 Intyre,-f- then surgeon in Lieut-Colonel Eraser's Battalion ; 
 and Donald McNicol, of Williamstown ; John S. McDougall, 
 Duncan McDonell (Lachlan), and Martin Carman, of Corn- 
 wall ; Dr. Campbell, of Brockville, and Major Usher and his 
 •daughter-in-law, of Niagara. This daring outrage caused 
 immediate action on the part of the Government, and excited 
 great indignation among the people of Stormont and Glen- 
 garry. The first regiment Stormont Militia, under the com- 
 mand of Lieut.-Colonel Dd. .<Eneas McDonell ; two regiments 
 •of Glengarry Militia, led by Lieut.-Colonel Duncan McDonell 
 ■(Greenfield), and part of Major Jarvis' troop of Lancers, were 
 sent to Beauharnois. The ist Stormont and the Lancers 
 •embarked on the " Neptune" at Cornwall and landed below 
 Dundee, whence they marched through mud and mire to 
 Beauharnois. The Glengarry men were landed lower down 
 the lake, and had a less distance to march. All of them got 
 to the point of attack as rapidly as possible, and there joined 
 the 71st Highland Light Infantry, who had been sent up from 
 Montreal. There was some fighting in the village, but no 
 decided stand was attempted by the French, who dispersed,^ 
 leaving the prisoners, who were liberated without having suf- 
 
 * The account of the affairs at the Wind-mill and Windsor is taken from 
 Croil's "Dmidas." 
 
 t Now Sheriff of Stormont, Diuidas and Glengarry. 
 
 X W. D. Wood, of the Lancers, armed with a rusty old pistol, pursued and took 
 three of the flying enemy. 
 
266 Lunenburgh, or the 
 
 fered any injury. Though during their imprisonment they 
 were moved about from place to place, always under a guard 
 of armed men, they were at last brought back to Beauharnois, 
 where they were confined in the priest's house at the time of 
 the attack. The house was near the scene of the fray, and not 
 a few stray bullets whistled through it, fortunately without 
 injury to any of the inmates. 
 
 There were neither telegraphs nor railways at the time,, 
 and the canals were not completed, therefore the delay in 
 sending intelligence and the difficulties in the way of forward- 
 ing troops were very great, so much so that the prisoners were 
 not released for two weeks from the time of the capture of the- 
 steamer. 
 
 The militia did a good deal of damage, burning several 
 houses and barns on their march to Beauharnois. They also 
 helped themselves liberally to the horses of the " habitans" • 
 no doubt they needed them to make their way through the 
 terrible roads they had to march by, but the old joke that 
 " they went away infantry and returned home cavalry" is not 
 exactly true, as the horses had to be left on the south shore of 
 the lake, where there is little doubt they were reclaimed by 
 their owners. 
 
 In consequence of these attacks the ist Provisional Bat- 
 talion under Lieut.-Colonel Vankoughnet, the third regiment 
 of Glengarry Militia under Col. Chisholm, the 4th Provisional 
 Battalion under Lt.-Col. D. McDonell, Major Jarvis' * troop 
 of Lancers, Capt. Crawford's company of Infantry, and Capt. 
 Pringle's f company of Artillery, were stationed in Cornwall 
 during the remainder of 1838 and the winter of 1839. At the 
 same time the sth Provisional Battalion under Lt.-Col. Alex'r 
 Fraser was raised in Glengarry and was on duty along the 
 front of that county, and the 1st Stormont under Lt.-Col. Dd.. 
 McDonell was on duty in the Township of Cornwall. In the 
 spring of 1839 the ist Stormont, the 3rd Glengarry and Capt> 
 
 * Afterwards Judge of the County Court. 
 + James Pringle, Clerk of the Peace. 
 
Old Eastern District. 267 
 
 Pringle's company of Artillery were relieved from duty, and 
 some time later in the season the Provisional Battalions were 
 also relieved. The Government then authorised the formation 
 of the 5th Battalion of Incorporated Militia, under Lieut-Col. 
 Vankoughnet. The regiment was raised in a few days, the 
 men being enlisted for two years. Capt. Crawford's company 
 was incorporated with the battalion ; at the expiration of "the 
 two years the battalion was re-enlisted for two years more. 
 They remained in Cornwall until April or May 1842, when the 
 4th Incorporated Battalion,* which had been stationed at 
 Prescott, were sent to Cornwall, the 5 th going to Prescott. 
 In May, 1843, all the five incorporated battalions were disband- 
 ed. These regiments were clothed and armed as the regular 
 troops were, and were fully equal to them in drill and discip- 
 line, and had they been kept up would have formed an excel- 
 lent nucleus for the training of our militia and volunteers. f 
 
 In 1838 the military authorities sent out from England 
 officers of experience to take command of the militia and' 
 superintend the formation and drill of the regiments and com- 
 panies ordered out for service. The names and stations, of 
 these officers were : 
 
 Col. Chichester, . . . Chatham 
 
 Col. Marshall. . . . . Brockville 
 
 Col. Cox, K.H., . Whitby 
 
 Major Carmichael, /Lancaster 
 
 ■' (.Coteau cm Lac.:): 
 
 Col. Young, and afterwards"! p 
 
 Col. Williams, / ' ' ' ^^^covi 
 
 Capt. Baron de Rottenburg, . . Belleville 
 
 Capt. Swan, . ... Niagara 
 
 Col. C. B. Turner, C.B. , . . . Cornwall. 
 
 * The fourth bore the number in Roman numerals IV. The house on the 
 south-east corner of lot 22, North Water Street, was the officer's quarters, and 
 from that fact got the name of Ivy (IV) Hall. 
 
 + A company of Glengarry men under the command of Capt. Alex. Greenfield 
 McDonald, garrisoned the fort at Coteau du Lac, until June, 1843. 
 
 % Major Carmichael was a Highlander and an enthusiastic lover of the 
 language, dress and traditions of the Gael. He built the cairn at the north of the 
 River Au Raisins, in honor of Sir John Colborne, afterwards Lord Seton, who 
 commanded the 52nd Regiment, and distinguished himself greatly in Spain. 
 
268 Ltmenburgh, or the 
 
 Col. Turner had seen a good deal of service in the Peninsu- 
 lar war, and had three medals. Major Carmichael had served 
 in the East Indies. These officers brought the corps under 
 their respective commands into a state of great efficiency, and 
 continued on duty until the spring of 1843. 
 
 The town major, of Cornwall, during the stirring times 
 from 1838 to 1843, was Major Donald McDonald, who had 
 been a lieutenant in the 40th Regiment of the line, and had 
 seen a great deal of service in the 42nd (the Black Watch.) 
 He had the Peninsular medal with ten clasps, for as many 
 general actions in which he had taken part, viz., Corunna, 
 Fuentes, D'Onor, Badajoz, Salamanca, Vittoria, Pyrennes, 
 Nevilles, Nive, Orthez, Thoulouse. 
 
 After the disbanding of the 4th Incorporated, a company 
 of the 23rd (Royal Welsh Fusiliers) was sent from Kingston, 
 under Capt. Williams Watkyn Wynn, to take charge until the 
 military stores were removed. From this time Cornwall saw 
 nothing military, unless the annual militia muster on training 
 day could be so called,* until the volunteer movement began 
 in 1854-1855, when Dr. J. J. Dickinson, who had been a lieu- 
 tenant in the Sth Incorporated, raised a troop of Cavalry, 
 which was drilled for two weeks annually. The Government 
 supplied the arms and accoutrements, and gave the men an 
 allowance for uniforms. This troop made a very creditable 
 appearance, when they turned out for their annual drill, and 
 marched through the town headed by their mounted band. 
 They were kept up for four or five years. 
 
 In the spring of 1861, in consequence of the Civil war in 
 the United States, two companies of the Royal Canadian 
 Rifles were sent to Cornwall, and remained in camp a little to 
 the west of the town until the month of October of the same 
 year. 
 
 In January, 1862, two Volunteer Rifle Companies were 
 formed in the town ; No. i commanded by Capt. D. Bergin, 
 
 * This was held on the 24th of June, until the accession of Her Majesty 
 Queen Victoria, when the day was changed to her birthday, the 24th of May. 
 
Old Eastern District. 269 
 
 No. 2 by Capt. Oliver. In November of the same year an In- 
 fantry Company was formed under the command of Capt. J. F. 
 Pringle.* These companies were regularly drilled, at first by 
 non-commissioned officers sent from the regular regiments in 
 Montreal, and afterwards by their own officers. They met for 
 ■drill once or twice a week, and consequently the men had a 
 better knowledge of squad and company drill than can be got 
 under the present system of twelve days' drill annually. 
 
 In the winter of 1866 there were active preparations for 
 an invasion of Canada by a body of men calling themselves 
 " Fenians," who proposed to liberate Ireland by the round- 
 about process of attacking Canada. On the 7th of March the 
 Canadian Government called out 10,000 volunteers. The 
 ■orders were telegraphed to the commanders of the different 
 corps, and by noon on the 8th more than 10,000 men were 
 Tinder arms, ready to go wherever their duty called them. The 
 three Cornwall companies were among the corps ordered out. 
 They remained on duty until the 23rd of July following. 
 
 On the lOth of March two companies of the Hawkesbury 
 Volunteer Battalion arrived at Cornwall, under Major Higgin- 
 ■son and Capt. Johnston. These, with the three Cornwall com- 
 panies, were formed into an administrative battalion under the 
 -command of Major Higginson and Major Bergin. On the loth 
 ■of April, one company of the Victoria Rifles, Capt. Bacon, and 
 one of the Royals, Capt. Campbell, came from Montreal and 
 joined the battalion. On the 2nd of May, the Hawkesbury 
 companies, the Victorias and Royals, were i-elieved by three 
 companies of the Hochelaga Light Infantry from Montreal, 
 under Lt.-Col. Hawkes, who took command of the battalion, 
 which was inspected on the 9th of May by General Lord 
 Lindlay. On the 31st of May the Fenians crossed the Niagara 
 river at Fort Erie, marched into the country to Ridgeway, 
 where they met and defeated a small volunteer force, and then 
 
 * The subalterns of No. i ■were : ist Lieut., James A. McDonell ; 2nd Lieut., 
 D. McCourt. Of No. 2 ; 1st Lieut., W. C. Allen ; 2nd Lieut., D. A. McDonald. 
 Of No. 3 ; 1st Lieut., D. B. McLennan ; Ensign, Hugh McDonell, 
 
270 Lunenburgh, or the 
 
 returned to Fort Erie, and thence to Buffalo, leaving several 
 pi'isoners in the hands of the regular and volunteer forces sent 
 to attack them. At the same time a large number assembled 
 at Malone and other places on the south side of the St. Law- 
 rence, not far from Cornwall, which caused the sending of a 
 large number of troops to the town. On Sunday, the 3rd of 
 June, the 30th Regiment of the line came up from Montreal ;, 
 part of the 25th (King's Own Borderers), part of the 47th Re- 
 giment of the line, and the Grey Battery Royal Artillery, came 
 in on the 4th, together with half a troop of Volunteer Cavalry 
 from Montreal, the 14th Regiment of Volunteers from King- 
 ston, the Argenteuil Rangers from St. Ann's on the Ottawa,. 
 half a battery of Volunteer Artillery and two Volunteer Com- 
 panies of Rifles from Ottawa.* The garrison was under the 
 command of Lt.-Col. Pakenham, of the 30th; Captain Moor- 
 som, of the same regiment, was appointed brigade major. TwO' 
 brigades were formed. The first consisted of the 47th Regi- 
 ment of the line, the 14th Vol. Battalion, the St. Ann's Vol. 
 Battalion (or the Argenteuil Rangers), and a half battery of the- 
 Royal Artillery. The second consisted of the 2Sth and 30th 
 Regiments of the line, the Cornwall Administrative Battalion,, 
 a half battery of Royal Artillery, and the half battery of the 
 Ottawa Artillery. Major Lauder, of the 47th, commanded the 
 first brigade ; Col. Fane, of the 25th, the second. On the 9th of 
 June, the two brigades paraded together on Mattice's farm,, 
 east of the town. In addition to the troops above mentioned,, 
 there was stationed below the town a tug called the " Royal," 
 manned by officers and sailors from one of the men of war at 
 Quebec or Montreal. 
 
 The Fenians, having abandoned their mad design and dis- 
 persed, all the troops were sent back to their quarters. The 
 30th Regiment went to Montreal on the 21st of June, being; 
 the last of the regular regiments to leave the town. "The Corn- 
 wall Administrative Battalion, consisting of the three Cornwall 
 
 * Under Major Glasgow and Captain Potter. They were attached to the 
 Cornwall Adve. Battalion. 
 
Old Eastern District. 271 
 
 companies, three companies of the Hochelaga Light Infantry, 
 and two companies of the Ottawa Rifles, was kept up until the 
 middle of July, when an unfortunate quarrel arose between 
 some of the men, which led to the Ottawa and Montreal com- 
 panies being sent home. They were replaced by two com- 
 panies from Brockville and two from Belleville. The three 
 Cornwall companies were then relieved from duty, and the 
 battalion, reduced to four companies, remained on duty under 
 Lt.-Col. James Crawford, until the 8th of November following. 
 The armed tug was withdrawn soon after that date. In 1868 
 the Cornwall companies were on duty and drilled twice a week 
 for some months, and H. M. gunboat " Minstrel " was anchored 
 below the town. 
 
 On the 24th of May, 1870, there was another Fenian ex- 
 citement, and Cornwall was again filled with volunteers. The 
 59th Cornwall Battalion, 18th Hawkesbury, 41st Brockville,. 
 the Ottawa Garrison Artillery and Field Battery, with their 
 guns, and the Iroquois Garrison Artillery, 1,027 rn^n in all, 
 formed the garrison. The excitement only lasted a few days. 
 The Fenians were checked at Pigeon Hill by a few men of the 
 home guard und6r Capt. Asa Westover, and some companies 
 of volunteers sent from Montreal, and were completely routed 
 at Trout River by the 69th Regiment of the line, and four com- 
 panies of volunteers. 
 
 No troops were sent from Cornwall during the rebellion 
 in the North- West in the spring of 1885, but three Cornwall 
 men served in it. Geo. Sandfield Macdonald went with the 
 Queen's Own from Toronto, and Dr. E. Graveley and Wm. R. 
 Pringle* went from Cornwall as members of the medical staff. 
 The latter was on duty on board the " Northcote," when she 
 passed Batoche, under heavy fire, on the 9th of May, and was 
 wounded in the left shoulder at the second or third shot from 
 the rebels. 
 
 * These gentlemen have the medal and clasp for service in the North-West 
 and on the Saskatchewan, 
 
2^2 
 
 Lunenburgh, or the 
 
 Militia of the Eastern District in 1838. 
 glengarry. 
 1st regiment. 
 
 Colonel — Alex. Fraser, April i, 1822. 
 Lieut. -Col. — Alex. McMartin, Mar. 6, 1837. 
 Major — D. Fraser, Jan. i, 1838. 
 
 
 
 
 
 Captains : 
 
 
 
 
 A. McGillis, 
 D. McPherson, 
 P. Ferguson, 
 J. McDonald, 
 W. Urquhart, 
 
 June 19, 
 June 20, 
 Ap'l 13, 
 Jan. I, 
 do 
 
 1822 
 1822 
 1830 
 1838 
 
 
 J. McLennan, 
 A. McDougall, 
 D. McPherson, 
 A. Fraser, 
 F. McDonald, 
 
 Jar 
 
 L. I, 1838 
 do 
 do 
 do 
 do 
 
 
 
 
 Lieutenants : 
 
 
 
 W. McKenzie 
 J. McDonald, 
 P. Grant, 
 A. McDonell, 
 D. Fraser, 
 
 Jan. I, 
 do 
 do 
 do 
 do 
 
 1838 
 
 
 J. Dingwall 
 J. Cummings, 
 J. McBain 
 J. Hay 
 K. Murchison, 
 
 Jan. I, 1838 
 do 
 do 
 do 
 do 
 
 
 
 
 
 Ensigns : 
 
 
 
 
 John McPherson, 
 A. McPherson, 
 A. McDonell, 
 R. McLennan, 
 J. Rose, 
 
 June I, 
 do 
 do 
 do 
 do 
 
 1838 
 
 
 Jas. Grant, 
 D. McPherson, 
 M. McGruer, 
 J. Curry, 
 D. Cameron, 
 
 T' 
 
 m. I, 1838 
 do 
 do 
 do 
 do 
 
 Adjutant : 
 
 
 
 Quarter-Masti 
 
 ER : 
 
 Surgeon : 
 
 J. Cummings. 
 
 
 
 A. 
 
 Campbell. 
 
 
 D. E. 
 
 Mclntyre. 
 
 
 
 (Limits, Township of Lancaster.) 
 
 
 
 A. McKenzie, 
 W. McLeod, 
 D. McMillan, 
 J. McDonell, 
 Angus Kennedy, 
 
 2ND REGIMENT. 
 
 Colonel — Dd. McDonell, Jan. i, 1822. 
 
 Lieut. -Col.— Dn. McDonell, Jan. i, 1822. 
 
 Major— -John Mclntyre, April 16. 1812. 
 
 Captains : 
 
 April 21, 1812 Alex. Grant, 
 
 do D. McDonell, 
 
 April 25, 1812 P. Mclntyre, 
 
 Jan. 25, 1814 A. Wilkinson, 
 
 do A. McDonald, 
 
 Jan. 25, 1814 
 
 May 21, 1814 
 
 do 
 
 ^ Feb. 25, 1822 
 
 July. 15, 1822 
 
Old Eastern District, 
 
 273: 
 
 P. Cameron, 
 D. McMartin, 
 A. S. McDonell, 
 R. McDonell, 
 A. McDonell, 
 
 D. McPhail, 
 J. Mclntyre, 
 D. McDonell, 
 A. McDonell, 
 M. McMartin, 
 A. Kennedy, 
 
 Lieutenants ; 
 April 23, 1812 R. McLeod, 
 
 April 25, 1812 J. McDonell, 
 
 do J. McMartin, 
 
 do D. Chisholm, 
 
 do 
 
 Ensigns : 
 
 Jan. 25, 1814 
 
 do 
 Oct. 19, 1825 
 Oct. 20, 1825 
 Oct. 21, 1825 
 Oct. 22, 1825 
 
 N. Mcintosh, 
 R. McDonell, 
 J. McGillis, 
 R. McDonell, 
 J. Fraser, 
 
 Oct. 20, 181 J, 
 Oct. 21, 181S 
 Oct. 22, 1815: 
 Oct. 24, 1815 
 
 Oct. 24, 1825 
 Oct. 25, 1825- 
 Oct. 26, 1825 
 Oct. 27, 1825 
 Oct. 28, 1825 
 
 Adjutant : Quarter-Master : 
 
 D. McDonell, Oct. 19, 1814. R. McDonell, Nov. 22, 1830. 
 
 (Limits — Township of Charlottenburg. ) 
 
 3RD REGIMENT. 
 
 (As given in the Militia List of 1838.) 
 
 Colonel — A. Chisholm, June 27, 1825. 
 LlEUT.-CoL.— Guy C. Wood, June 27, 1825. 
 Major— D. McDonald, Dec. 20, 1837. 
 
 
 
 
 Captains : 
 
 
 
 
 D. McCloud, 
 
 Nov. 12, 
 
 1820 
 
 
 T. Duncan, 
 
 April 28, 
 
 183?. 
 
 A. Cameron, 
 
 Nov. I, 
 
 1827 
 
 
 K. McKenzie, 
 
 do 
 
 
 A. Cattanach, 
 
 Nov. 7, 
 
 1827 
 
 
 D. McDonald, 
 
 Dec. 20, 
 
 1837 
 
 A. McNab, 
 
 Nov. 9, 
 
 1827 
 
 
 A. Cameron, 
 
 do 
 
 
 D. McGillivray 
 
 April 12, 
 
 1830 
 
 
 J. Stewart, 
 
 do 
 
 
 
 
 Lieutenants : 
 
 
 
 E. McMillan, 
 
 Nov. 3, 
 
 1827 
 
 
 R. McGillivray, 
 
 April 28, 
 
 1835- 
 
 D. McDonald, 
 
 Nov. 7, 
 
 1827 
 
 
 D. McMillan, 
 
 do 
 
 
 D. McCrae, 
 
 April 13, 
 
 1830 
 
 
 W. McDonald, 
 
 do 
 
 
 D. McDonell, 
 
 April 28, 
 
 1835 
 
 
 D. McPherson, 
 
 do 
 
 
 A. McDonald, 
 
 do 
 
 
 Ensigns ; 
 
 J. McMillan, 
 
 do 
 
 
 T. Chisholm, 
 
 Dec. 20, 
 
 1837 
 
 
 D. McDonald, 
 
 Dec. 20, 
 
 1837- 
 
 J. McMillan, 
 
 do 
 
 
 
 R. McLeod, 
 
 do 
 
 
 A. Campbell, 
 
 do 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 (Limits— Township of Locheil.) 
 
-274 
 
 Ltmenbmgh, or the 
 
 Angus Cattanach 
 Alexander Cameron 
 Donald McDonald 
 
 Angus McDonald 
 Donald McDonald 
 Donald McMillan 
 
 William McKay 
 Theodore Chisholm 
 Alexander McGillis 
 
 Adjutant: 
 Archd. McDonald. 
 
 3RD REGIMENT. 
 
 Colonel — Alexander Chisholm. 
 
 Major — Donald McDonald. 
 
 Captains : 
 
 Allan Cameron 
 Kenneth McKenzie 
 Duncan McGillivray 
 
 Lieutenants : 
 
 Ensigns : 
 
 Donald McRae 
 Donald McDonald 
 Angus McGillivray 
 
 Duncan McMillan 
 Roderick McLeod 
 Alexander Caitipbell 
 
 Paymaster : 
 Guy C. ^^'ood. 
 
 Quarter-Master : 
 Robt. Sharp. 
 
 Surgeon : 
 James Grant. 
 
 (The regiment was stationed in Cornwall in the winter of 1839, and the gentlemen 
 above named are the officers who served in it at that time. ) 
 
 'G. McDonell, 
 N. McDonell, 
 A. McDonell, 
 
 A. McDonell, 
 ■C. Chisholm, 
 K. McLennan, 
 
 A. Fisher, 
 D. McDonald, 
 J. McGillis, 
 
 4TH REGIMENT. 
 
 Colonel — A. McDonell, June 27, 1837. 
 
 LiEUT.-CoL.— A. McDonell, Oct. 18, 1837. 
 
 Major— A. McDonell, Oct. 18, 1837. 
 
 Captains : 
 Oct. 18, 1837 A. McKinnon, 
 
 Oct. 19, 1837 J. McKenzie, 
 
 Oct. 20, 1837 
 
 Lieutenants : 
 Oct. 18, 1837 D. McDonald, 
 
 Oct. 19, 1837 J. McDonald, 
 
 Oct. 20, 1837 
 
 Ensigns : 
 Oct. 18, 1837 A. McDonald, 
 
 Oct. 19, 1837 H. Hunt, 
 
 Oct. 20, 1837 
 
 (Limits — Township of Kenyon.) 
 
 Oct. 21, 1837 
 Oct. 23, 1837 
 
 Oct. 23, 1837 
 Oct. 21, 1837 
 
 Oct. 21, 1837 
 Oct. 22, 1837 
 
Old Eastern District. 
 
 275 
 
 S T O R M O N T. 
 
 1ST REGIMENT. 
 
 Colonel— Arch. McLean, April i, 1827. 
 
 Lieut. -Col.— D. ^. McDonell,* Jan. 28, 1830. 
 
 Major— W. Rainsford, Dec. 26, 1838. 
 
 Captains : 
 
 :S. Eraser, Jan. 4, 1822 R. McDonell, May 26, 1835 
 
 J. Mcintosh, Jan. 13, A. McDonnell, Feb. I, 1838 
 
 A. McDonald, Jan. 14, R. McDonell do 
 
 A. Burton, Sen., Jan. 15, J. Cameron, do 
 
 H. McDiarmid, Nov. 9, 1827 J. McDonell, Dec. 26, 
 
 D. Scott, May 26, 1835 
 
 Lieutenants : 
 
 A. Burton, jr., 
 A. McDonell, 
 M. McMartin, 
 W. Mcintosh, 
 P. Amer (or Earner), 
 
 Nov. 8, 1827 
 Nov. 9, 
 Nov. 10, 
 May 26, 1835 
 do 
 
 W. McLaughlan, May 26, 1835 
 B. G. French, Feb. I, 1838 
 
 D. Campbell, 
 A. McDonell, 
 D. McDonell, 
 
 Ensigns : 
 
 J. Robertson, 
 J. McDonell, 
 W. Burton, 
 A. McDonell, 
 I. B. Anderson, 
 
 Nov. 12, 1827 
 Nov. 13, 
 May 26, 1835 
 
 do 
 Feb. I, 1838 
 
 Adjutant : 
 A. Burton, Jan. 15, 1882. 
 
 D, McMillan, 
 A. McDonell, 
 J. F. Poapst, 
 Joel Eastman, 
 James Groves, 
 
 Quarter-Master t 
 D. McPherson.f 
 
 do 
 do 
 Dec. 26, 
 
 Feb. I, 18 
 
 do 
 
 do 
 
 do 
 Dec. 26, i8 
 
 TROOP OF CAVALRY. 
 
 Captain — Geo. S. Jarvis, Jan. 5, 1838. 
 
 Lieut.— J. Chesley, Jan. 5, 1838. 
 
 Cornet — M. Carman, Jan. 5, 1838. 
 
 (Limits — Township of Roxborough and part of the Township of Cornwall. 
 
 year. 
 
 ■ D. jE. McDonell was Colonel in 1839, he commanded this regiment that 
 t John Copeland in 1838-39. 
 
276 
 
 Lunenburgh, or the 
 
 2ND REGIMENT. 
 
 Colonel — Phillip Vankoughnet, Feb. 29, 1836. 
 
 Lieut. -Col. — Geo. Anderson, Sept. 27, 1838. 
 
 Major— J. Backus, Sept. 27, 1838. 
 
 
 Captains : 
 
 
 A. Dickson, 
 
 Feb. 21, 1822 
 
 J- 
 
 W. Empey, 
 
 June I, 1837 
 
 I. Ault, 
 
 May z, 1828 
 
 G. 
 
 Robertson, 
 
 May 4, 
 
 G. Morgan, 
 
 May 27, 1837 
 
 W 
 
 . Cline, 
 
 do 
 
 M. Stewart, 
 
 May 29, 
 
 A. 
 
 Shaver, 
 
 Sep. 27, 1831 
 
 H. Shaver, 
 
 May 30, 
 
 J- 
 
 Vanduzen, 
 
 Nov. 27, 
 
 P. Chesley, 
 
 May 31, 
 
 
 
 
 
 Lieut 
 
 ENANTS : 
 
 
 I. Sheek, 
 
 Feb. 18, 1822 
 
 
 G. Morgan, 
 
 June 4, 
 
 P. W. Empey, 
 
 June 3, 1837 
 
 
 J Dafoe, 
 
 May 29, 1837 
 
 J. Waldorff, 
 
 May 30, 1837 
 
 
 T. Maxwell, 
 
 May 4, 1838 
 
 M. Ross, 
 
 May 31, 
 
 
 J. R. Wood, 
 
 Sept. 29, 
 
 R. Cline, 
 
 June I, 
 
 
 James Forsyth, Nov. 27 
 
 J. Eamon, 
 
 June 2, 
 
 
 
 
 
 Ensigi 
 
 MS: 
 
 
 H. McLean, 
 
 June I, 1837 
 
 
 A. McNairn, 
 
 Jan. 4. 1838. 
 
 T. J. Brown, 
 
 June 2, 
 
 
 A. Grant, 
 
 do 
 
 J as. Link, 
 
 June 3, 
 
 
 C. Chrysler, 
 
 do 
 
 J. Eastman, 
 
 June 5, 
 
 
 N. Empey, 
 
 Sept. 27„ 
 
 P. Vankoughnet, 
 
 Jan. 4, 1838 
 
 
 D. McMillan 
 
 , do 
 
 Adjutant and Paymaster : 
 
 
 Quarter-Master : 
 
 James Main, Sept. 27, 1838. 
 
 
 E. French, Sept. 27, 1838. 
 
 Surgeon : 
 R. Burns, Sept. 27, 1838. 
 
 (Limits — Township of Osnabruck, Finch, and part of Cornwall.) 
 
 DUNDAS. 
 
 1ST REGIMENT. 
 
 Colonel— John Crysler, April 29, 1837. 
 
 LiEUT.-CoL. — ^J. McDonell, April 29, 1837. 
 
 Major — D. Clark, April 29, 1837. 
 

 o 
 
 (d L 
 
 <.aste; 
 
 yn 1 
 
 hsinct. 
 
 
 277 
 
 
 
 
 Capt 
 
 AINS 
 
 
 
 
 J. Markley, 
 S. Cassleman, 
 J. Markley, jr., 
 Jolin Dick, 
 P. Munro, 
 W. Casselman, 
 
 April 29, 
 May I , 
 2, 
 3, 
 4, 
 5. 
 
 1837 
 
 
 
 J. p. Crysler, 
 J. Hickey, 
 G. Cook, 
 W. Kyle, 
 R. Grey, 
 
 May 
 
 6, 1837 
 8, 
 9, 
 10, 
 
 II, 
 
 1ST REGIMENT. 
 
 
 
 
 Li 
 
 EUTENANTS : 
 
 
 
 J. Rose, 
 
 May 
 
 I, 
 
 1837 
 
 
 W. Swayne, 
 
 May 8, 
 
 1837 
 
 J. Dillabough, 
 
 
 2, 
 
 
 
 C. Casselman, 
 
 9, 
 
 
 A. Nudle, 
 
 
 4, 
 
 
 
 C. DeCastle, 
 
 10, 
 
 
 -G. Weaver, 
 
 
 5, 
 
 
 
 J. Southworth, 
 
 II, 
 
 
 S. Dorin, 
 
 
 6, 
 
 
 Ensigns : 
 
 
 
 
 Jno. Williser, 
 
 May 
 
 I, 
 
 1837 
 
 \ 
 
 J. Suttle, 
 
 May 6, 
 
 1837 
 
 p. Loucks, 
 
 
 2, 
 
 
 
 J. Dorin, 
 
 8, 
 
 
 J. Loucks, 
 
 
 3- 
 
 
 
 W. Bell, 
 
 9, 
 
 
 A. Colquhoun, 
 
 
 4, 
 
 
 
 A. Summers, 
 
 10, 
 
 
 J. L. Markley, 
 
 
 5. 
 
 
 
 J. Marselles, 
 
 ii^ 
 
 
 Adjutant— J. Dick, (Captain), May 3, 1837. 
 
 Quarter-Master — f. Haynes, May 11, 1837. 
 
 Surgeon — J. Grant, May II, 1837. 
 
 (Limits — Township of Williamsburg and Winchester.) 
 
 2ND REGIMENT. 
 
 Colonel — G. Markley, April 29, 1837. 
 Lieut.-Col. — J. McDonell, April 29, 1837. 
 Major — 
 
 Captains : 
 
 P. Shaver, 
 
 Jan. 
 
 21, 
 
 1822 
 
 I. Ault, 
 
 May 8, 
 
 1837 
 
 D. Robertson, 
 
 May 
 
 ■ I, 
 
 1837 
 
 J. Brouse, 
 
 9, 
 
 
 M. Brown, 
 
 
 2, 
 
 
 N. Wart, 
 
 10, 
 
 
 J. Dorin, 
 
 
 4- 
 
 
 W. Shaver, 
 
 II, 
 
 
 N. Shaver, 
 
 
 5. 
 
 
 J. Shaver, 
 
 12, 
 
 
 . Boulton, 
 
 
 6, 
 
 
 Geo. Hall, 
 
 13, 
 
 
278 
 
 Lmienburgh, or the 
 
 
 
 Lieutenants : 
 
 
 
 G. Brouse, 
 
 Ajiril 29, 
 
 1837 
 
 
 P. Carman, 
 
 May 5, 
 
 1837 
 
 J. West, 
 
 do 
 
 
 
 J. Strader, 
 
 9, 
 
 
 G. Dillabough, 
 
 May I, 
 
 
 
 S. Ault, 
 
 10, 
 
 
 S. Shaver, 
 
 2, 
 
 
 
 P. Service, 
 
 ii> 
 
 
 N. Brouse, 
 
 3> 
 
 
 
 J. Little, 
 
 12, 
 
 
 G. F. Shaver, 
 
 4. 
 
 
 Ensigns : 
 
 J. Van Cam]5, 
 
 13. 
 
 
 E. Van Camp, 
 
 April 29, 
 
 1837 
 
 
 H. McCargar, 
 
 May 9, 
 
 1837 
 
 J. Parlow, 
 
 May I, 
 
 
 
 P. Shaver, 
 
 10, 
 
 
 D. Coons, 
 
 3, 
 
 
 
 J. Mclntyre, 
 
 IJ, 
 
 
 G. Carman, 
 
 5. 
 
 
 
 H. Boulton, 
 
 12, 
 
 
 N. N. Brouse, 
 
 6, 
 
 
 
 G. Dorin, 
 
 13. 
 
 
 Adjutant — N. Brouse, Jan. 21, 1822. 
 
 Quarter-Master — R. Gray, Jan. 11, 1822. 
 
 Surgeon — Alex, ^\'ylie, Jan. iS, 1822. 
 
 (Limits — Townships of Matilda and Mountain.) 
 
 3RD MARCH, 1S38— GENERAL ORDERS FOR THE FORMATION OF 
 COMPANIES AND BATTALIONS. 
 
 Brockville Rifle Comjaany, Brockville and Prescott Artillery Companies, 
 Glengarry, Stormont and Grenville Militia, Perth and Brockville ^'olunteers, 
 Col. McMillan. 
 
 Queen's Own Rifles, Capts. Harvey and Jarvis ; Cornwall and Brockville 
 Light Dragoons, Col. ^'anKoughnet ; Cornwall \'olunteers march to Brockville 
 from Cornwall. 
 
 15TI1 FEBRUARY, 1838— CORPS : 
 
 The Brockville and Perth Volunteers, The Queen's Own Rifles, Lieut. -Col. 
 A. McMillan— 8th January, 1838. 
 
 The Cornwall \'olunteer5, Lt.-Col. P. ^'anKoughnet — 8th January, 1838. 
 The Lancaster Highlanders, Lt.-Col. McDonell — Sth January, 1838. 
 The Williamstown Highlanders, Lt.-Col. Alex. Fraser — 8th January, 1838. 
 Brockville Troop Light Dragoons, Capt. Robert Harvey — Sth January, 1838. 
 Cornwall Troop Light Dragoons, Capt. Geo. S. Jarvis — Sth January, 1838; 
 
Old Eastern District. 279 
 
 CORNWALL VOLUNTEER CORPS, WINTER OF 1 838. 
 
 Lieut.-Col — Philip Vankoughnet, Jan. 8, 1838. 
 
 Major — George Anderson, Feb. 15, 1838. 
 
 Captains : 
 
 ■Ceorge Crawford, Jan. 10, 1838 Jacob W. Empey, Jan. 10, 1838 
 
 Michael Empey, do John Ault, do 
 
 Heni7 Shaver, do Martin McMartin, do 
 
 Ljeuten-ants : 
 
 Jeremiah Vandersen, Jan. 10, 1838 Michael Ross, Jan. 10, 1838 
 
 John Waldorff, do Wm. Harvey, do 
 
 Gordon French, do Nicholas Brouse, do 
 
 Ensigxs : 
 
 Thomas Maxwell, Jan. 10, 1838 Hector McLean, Jan. 10, 1838 
 
 John R. Wood, do Michael Anderson, do 
 
 S. I. B. Anderson, do Wm. Hessen, do 
 
 Paymaster — ^James Ilmiie, Jan. 24, 1838. 
 Quarter-Master — Austin Shearer, Jan. 8, 1838. 
 
 CORNWALL TROOP OF CAVALRY. 
 
 Captain — Geo. S. Jarvis, 1838. 
 
 Lieut. — Martin Carman, 183S. 
 
 Cornet — Geo. M. Crysler, 1838. 
 
 LANCASTER, GLENGARRY HIGHLANGERS. 
 
 (General Order, 8th Jan., 1838.) 
 
 Lieut.-Col.— Donald McDonell, 8th Jan., 1838. 
 Major — Alexander McDonell, 8th Jan., 1838. 
 
 Captains : 
 
 Donald McDonell, Jan. 8, 1838 Ranald McDonell, Jan. 8, 1S38 
 
 Malcolm McMartin, do Neil McDonell, do 
 
 George McDonell, do Allan Cameron, do 
 
 Lieutenants : 
 
 Angus McDougald, Jan. 8, 1838 Donald Chisholm, Jan. 8, 1838 
 
 Donald McDougald, do John Stewart, do 
 
 Thomas Oliver, ' do Alexander McDonell do 
 
28o Lurunbmgh, or the 
 
 Ensigns: 
 
 Alex. McDonell, Jan. 8, 1838 John McDonell, Jan. 8, 1838: 
 
 Alex. McGregor, do Alex. Cameron, do 
 
 Angus Kennedy, do Donald McDonell, do 
 
 Adjutant— Wm. Hayes, Jan. 8, 1838. 
 
 Paymaster — Alex. McDonell, Jan. 8, 1838. 
 
 Quarter-Master — Angus McDonell, Jan. 8, 1838. 
 
 (23 officers of whom 12 are McDonells. — 12th Feb. 1838.) 
 
 Dr. D. E. Mclntyre, to have medical charge of the troops at Williamstown. 
 
 and Lancaster, 
 
 WILLIAMSTOWN, GLENGARRY HIGHLANDERS.* 
 Lieut. -Col.— Alex. Eraser, Jan. 8, 1838. 
 
 3RD PROVISIONAL BATTALION. 
 
 (Stationed at Cornwall.) 
 
 Lieut.-Col.— P. Vankoughnet, Oct. 31, 1838. 
 
 Major — Geo. Anderson, Dec. 5, 1838. 
 
 Captains : 
 
 Geo. Morgan, 
 
 Dec. 5, 
 
 1838 William Cline, 
 
 Dec. 5, 
 
 1838- 
 
 Henry Shaver, 
 
 do 
 
 Austin Shearer, 
 
 do 
 
 
 Jacob W. Empey, 
 
 do 
 
 M. McMartin, 
 Lieutenants ; 
 
 do 
 
 
 Robert Cline, 
 
 Dec. 5, 
 
 1838 S. I. B. Anderson, 
 
 Dec. s. 
 
 1838. 
 
 P. W. Empey, 
 
 do 
 
 J. R. Wood, 
 
 do 
 
 
 Geo. Morgan, 
 
 do 
 
 James Crawford, 
 Ensigns : 
 
 do 
 
 
 P. M.S. Vankoughnet 
 
 , Dec. S, 
 
 1838 C. Crysler, 
 
 Dec. s, 
 
 183& 
 
 Hector McLean, 
 
 do 
 
 J. Dickinson, 
 
 do 
 
 
 Geo. Grant, 
 
 do 
 
 D. W. B. MacAulay, do 
 
 
 Quarter-Master — Edwin French, Dec. 5, 1838. 
 Assistant-Surgeon — Robert Burns, Dec. 5, 1838. 
 
 4TH PROVISIONAL BATTALION. 
 Colonel— D. McDonell, Oct. 31, 1838. 
 
 * The author could not procure a list of the officers of this corps. 
 
Old Eastern District. 
 
 STH PROVISIONAL BATTALION. 
 Colonel— A. Fraser, Nov. i, 1838. 
 
 CORNWALL ARTILLERY COMPANY. 
 
 Captain— James Pringle, Nov. 26, 1838. 
 
 1st Lieut.— R. K. Bullock, Nov. 26, 1838. 
 
 2nd Lieut. — Wm. M. Park. 
 
 CORNWALL INDEPENDENT COMPANY. 
 
 Captain — Geo. Crawford, 1839. 
 
 Ensign — M. Anderson, 1839. 
 Lieut. — ^James Crawford, 1839. 
 
 INCORPORATED MiLITIA— 1838. 
 1ST BATTALION. 
 
 Lieut.-Col.— Sir A. McNab, Oct. 24, 1838. 
 Major— W. Gourley, Nov. 2, 1838. 
 
 Captains : 
 
 281 
 
 S. Usher, 
 
 Nov. I, 
 
 1838 
 
 
 John Poore, 
 
 Nov. I, 
 
 1838 
 
 M. Blair, 
 
 do 
 
 
 
 C. H. Leonard, 
 
 do 
 
 
 J. Brown, 
 
 do 
 
 
 
 B. French, 
 
 do 
 
 
 Y. Field, 
 
 do 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Li 
 
 EUTENANTS : 
 
 
 
 A. McDonald, 
 
 Nov. 1, 
 
 1838 
 
 
 G. H. Ainsley, 
 
 Nov. 1, 
 
 1838 
 
 W. A. Thompson, 
 
 do 
 
 
 
 John Turner, 
 
 do 
 
 
 W. Lane, 
 
 do 
 
 
 
 D. M. Campbell, 
 
 do 
 
 
 J. W. Tallent, 
 
 do 
 
 
 Ensigns : 
 
 D. Patrick, 
 
 do 
 
 
 J. Courtney, 
 
 Nov. I, 
 
 1838 
 
 
 J. S. Doyle, 
 
 Nov. I, 
 
 1838 
 
 W. U. Thompson, 
 
 do 
 
 
 
 J. F. Thome, 
 
 do 
 
 
 E. D. Hale, 
 
 do 
 
 
 
 G. Wonham, 
 
 do 
 
 
 "W. Metcalf, 
 
 do 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Adjutant— M. Blair, Nov. i, 1838. 
 
 Paymaster— H. J. Tench, Nov. i, 1838. 
 
 Surgeon — W. Winder, Nov. i, 1838. 
 
 Assistant-Surgeon — D. Campbell, Dec. 10, 1838. 
 
 Quarter-Master— T. A. Fawcett, Nov. i, 1838. 
 
282 Lunenburgh, or the 
 
 2ND BATTALION. 
 
 Lieut.-Col.— K. Cameron, Oct. 24, 1S38. 
 Major — B. Young, Nov. 2, 1 838. 
 
 Captains : 
 T. Cronyn, Nov. 1,1838 C.Wood, 0^.29,1838- 
 
 Lieutenants : 
 H. J. Tench, Nov. i, 1838, A. W. Schweryer, Nov. 19, 183S 
 
 A. Montgomery, Oct. 30, 
 
 Ensigns : 
 W. A. Dixie, Oct. 21, 1839 J. A. Eraser, Nov. 23, 1838 
 
 G. Young, Nov. 8, 1838 
 
 Paymaster — G. Dugganjr., Nov. 23, 1838. 
 
 Surgeon— A. R. Dewsan, Nov. 23, 1838. 
 
 Quarter-Master— M. Wells, Nov. 23, 1838. 
 
 3RD BATTALION. 
 
 Lieut.-Col— W. Kingsmill, Oct. 4, 1838. 
 Major — P. Warren, Nov, 26, 1838. 
 
 Captains : 
 
 J. H. Palmer, Oct. 31, 1838 
 
 J. M. Coppinger, Nov. 1, 
 D. McDoiia:all, 2, 
 
 Ll 
 W. Kingsmill, Nov. I, 1838 
 
 C. W. Grange, 6, 
 
 S. Reid, 7, 
 
 J. D. Humphries, 8, 
 
 Eli Ward, Nov. 7, 1838 
 H. Murray, 6, 
 
 C. S. Finlinson, 8, 
 
 H. A. Johnson, 9, 
 
 Adjutant— T. Bentley, Nov. 13, 1838. 
 
 Paymaster — T. Benson, Nov. 13, 1838. 
 
 Surgeon — W. C. Humphrey, Nov. 5, 1838. 
 
 Assistant-Surgeon — W. Taylor, Nov. 24, 1838. 
 
 Quarter-Master — Thomas Glass, Nov. 24, 183! 
 
 S. Purdon, 
 D. Bridgeford, 
 J. P. Downs, 
 
 Nov. 3, 
 
 S- 
 10, 
 
 1838 
 
 5UTENANTS : 
 
 N. Catchall, 
 G. W. Wilkie, 
 F. Tench, 
 T. Trumbull, 
 
 Nov. 9, 
 10, 
 12, 
 
 1838. 
 
 Ensigns : 
 
 
 
 E. Wheeler, 
 R. Hamilton, 
 
 F. Garret, 
 
 Nov. 10, 
 12, 
 13- 
 
 1838- 
 
Old Eastern District, 
 
 283 
 
 4TH BATTALION. 
 
 Lieut.-Col— J. Hill, Oct. 24, 1838? 
 Major — 
 
 Captains : 
 J. Landon, Dec. 1, 1835 — Cameron, 
 
 Lieutenants : 
 J. Maitland, Dec. i, 1838 S. Bell, 
 
 J. S. Lee, do John Low, 
 
 T. F. Hill, do W. A. Bowen, 
 
 John Black, do 
 
 Ensigns : 
 
 R: McKechnie, Oct. 20, 1838 J. Shaw, 
 
 T. Gamble, Nov. 5, 
 
 Adjutant — J. Arthurs, Oct. 20, 1838. 
 
 Surgeon— P. Diehl, Oct. 20, 1838. 
 
 Paymaster — G. Henderson, Oct. 20, 1838. 
 
 Quarter- Master — John Ross, Nov. 10, 1838. 
 
 When this regiment was stationed at Cornwall, from May, 1842, until May, 1843, 
 
 the officers were : 
 
 Dec. I, 1838 
 
 Nov. 5, 1838 
 
 14, 
 Oct. 20, 
 
 Nov. 5, 1838- 
 
 — Arthurs, 
 
 — Jessup, 
 
 Archd. Ponton, 
 Joseph Smith Lee, 
 
 Duncan McQueen, 
 
 — Roach, 
 
 Lieut.-Col.— J. Hill. 
 Captains : 
 
 Thos. Ritchie, 
 — Shaw. 
 
 Lieutenants : 
 
 Ensigns : 
 
 John Black, 
 E. Kerstein. 
 
 Wm. E. Parker, 
 Arthur Hill. 
 
 Captain and Adjutant — Thomas Wily. 
 
 Captain and Paymaster — Henderson. 
 
 Surgeon — Peter Diehl. 
 
 George Crawford, 
 W. Edmonstone, 
 
 5TH BATTALION. 
 
 (This battalion was raised in 1839.) 
 
 Lieiit.-Col. — P. Vankoughnet. 
 
 Captains : 
 
 — Stewart, 
 James Crawford, 
 
284 
 
 Lunenburgh, or the 
 
 H. J. Ruttan, 
 J. J. Dickinson, 
 
 M. J. Anderson, 
 Hamilton Empey, 
 
 Lieutenants : 
 
 Angus McDonell, 
 T. W. Smythe. 
 Ensigns : 
 
 Charles Dickinson, 
 P. Crysler. 
 
 Caj^tain and Adjutant — Lewis Boyd, nth Reeiment. 
 Surgeon — J. Taylor, 29th Regiment. 
 
 When the regiment was reorganized in 1840, H. J. Ruttan was appointed 
 Captain, Stewart having retired. 
 
 In 1842, Grogan was appointed Captain, Captain Geo. Crawford having 
 retired, and Messrs. Monk and Duchesnay, late of Col. Dyde's corps, were ap- 
 pointed Lieutenants. 
 
 In 1841, Edmund Battye, of the 23rd Royal Welsh Fusiliers, was appointed 
 Captain and Adjutant, vice Boyd, who rejoined his regiment. 
 
 5TH BATTALION IN 1 843. 
 
 Lieut. -Col. — P. Vankoughnet. 
 
 Captains : 
 
 J. B. Monk, 
 
 W. Edmonston, 
 H. J. Ruttan, 
 
 James Dickinson, 
 Terence W. Smythe, 
 
 Gordon H. Crysler, 
 Charles N. Dickinson, 
 
 Lieutenants : 
 
 Ensigns ; 
 
 E. K. Grogan. 
 
 P. Duchesnay, 
 H. H. Thompson. 
 
 Hamilton N. Empey. 
 
 Adjutant — Edmund M. Battye. 
 
 Paymaster — M. J. Anderson. 
 
 Surgeon — David Dyce. 
 
Oia Eastern District, 285 
 
 CHAPTER XXXI. 
 
 The commencement of the work on the Cornwall canal in 
 1833-34, gave the first decided impetus to improvement in the 
 old time. From that time it continued to improve, though the 
 growth was sometimes very slow. 
 
 In 1834 nearly all the land on lots 15, norj:h side First 
 ■street, and 15 south side of Second street, available for build- 
 ing purposes, was let in building lots by the trustees of St. 
 John's Church. The tenants immediately put up buildings on 
 them. Several lots were let on building leases on lots 10 and 
 1 1, north side of Water street, and built upon, and many new 
 buildings were put up in different parts of the town. Old 
 stores were enlarged and improved, and new ones were erected. 
 Among the latter was the stone building on lot i5, south of 
 Second street, fronting on Pitt street. In the winter of 1841 
 a fire broke out in a small building on lot 15, south side of 
 Second street, fronting on that street, which spread rapidly and 
 destroyed three other buildings on the same Ibt, including a 
 store and dwelling house on the corner. St. John's Church 
 narrowly escaped destruction. The fire company, assisted by 
 the people of the town, and the officers and men of the 5th 
 Incorporated Battalion of Militia, worked well and saved the 
 church as well as the buildings on the west side of Pitt street, 
 and North side of Second. After the fire a new lease was 
 granted by the trustees of St. John's Church to Duncan Mc- 
 Donell, the lessee of the north-west corner of No. 15, south 
 side of Second street, for fifty years, on condition of his putting 
 up a brick or stone building with metallic or slate roof The 
 building put up by him is the one now held by Samuel Cline. 
 The leases of the other tenants of the St. John's Church pro- 
 perty were renewed at the expiration of the first term of 
 
286 Ltmenburgh, or the 
 
 twenty-one years, for another term of the same length with a. 
 condition that buildings of brick or stone, with metallic or other 
 fire-proof roofs should be put up. In consequence of this con- 
 dition the wooden buildings disappeared, and those now on 
 the property were erected. They were thought at the time to 
 be very good, but they have been far surpassed by those put 
 up in the last four or five years. About 1842 a brick building 
 containing a store and dwelling was put up by Jas. E. Dixon, 
 on the south-east corner of 16, north side of Second street. 
 This building was pulled down in 1882 to make room for the 
 new Post Office. 
 
 About 1 87 1 J. Kirkpatrick bought the north-west corner 
 of lot No. 1 5, on the south side of First street, on which a brick 
 building was erected, two storeys in height, with mansard roof. 
 It was called the Commercial block, and was divided into three 
 stores, occupied respectively by Kirkpatrick Brothers, W. H. 
 Dunkin and Dennison Brothers. 
 
 In July, 1876, a fire broke out in a small wooden building 
 adjoining this block, which extended north and south along 
 Pitt street, destroying the stores of Messrs. Kirkpatrick, Dun- 
 kin and Dennison, on the north, and several wooden buildings 
 to the south. It was with great difficulty that it was prevented 
 from extending further north across First, and westward across 
 Pitt streets. 
 
 In the autumn of 1 873 Thomas Murphy started the first 
 cab in the town. He succeeded in his enterprise so well that 
 others followed his example, and Cornwall has now a cab ser- 
 vice that would do credit to a much larger place. 
 
 In the summer of 1877 the block on the corner of lot 15,. 
 south of 1st street, was rebuilt by Messrs. Kirkpatrick Brothers,, 
 D. McRae, and Nelson Turner & Son. The blank space left 
 by the destruction of the wooden buildings that had been on 
 this lot was filled up a few years later by the heirs of the Van- 
 koughnet estate, putting up the Stormont block. There were 
 also five good brick buildings erected fronting Pitt street, on 
 lot No. 15, north side of Water street, as well as four or five 
 
Old Eastern District. 287- 
 
 on lot No. 16, on the south side of First street, one of wHich 
 was occupied by the Ontario Bank, another of them adjoined 
 and formed part of the Commercial Hotel, which was then a 
 wooden building, that stood on the north-east corner of the 
 last mentioned lot. In the winter of 1884 a fire broke out in, 
 the kitchen of the Commercial Hotel, which rapidly destroyed; 
 that building and the brick building adjoining it, and extend- 
 ing across Pitt and First streets, destroyed the stores of the 
 Messrs. Kirkpatrick, McRae and Turner, on the east side of 
 Pitt, and the old stone building north of First street. 
 
 The burned buildings have all been replaced by much 
 handsomer ones. Kirkpatrick and McRae each put up a good 
 brick building- Turner & Son, a wooden one with zinc covered 
 front and sheet-iron sides. D. Liddell, who owned the old 
 stone store, erected in its place a fine brick block containing 
 three stores, and J. G. Snetsinger has put up a very fine brick 
 building containing four stores on the site of the old Com- 
 mercial Hotel. These buildings are all three stories in height^, 
 with stores on the first flat, offices on the second, and commo- 
 dious halls on the third. 
 
 A neat brick store was put up by Messrs. Mclntyre & 
 Campbell, on lot No. 16, north side of First street, a few years 
 ago. In 1882-83, Wm. Colquhoun erected the brick building 
 on the north-east corner of 16, south side of Second street^ 
 which contains the Bank of Montreal, and two stores on the 
 ground flat, with offices and halls in the upper storeys. The 
 brick building on the south-west corner of lot No. 15, on the 
 north side of Second street, was finished and fitted up for a 
 hotel about 1869-70. A few years later the old roof was taken 
 off and a mansard put on enlarging the capacity of the house 
 to a considerable extent. 
 
 In 1882 the Dominion Government commenced the new 
 Post Office and Custom House. The building is of stone, the 
 dark limestone from the Cornwall quarries being relieved by 
 light grey stone from Queenstown, the front door way opening 
 on Pitt street, has polished slabs of Canadian granite on the 
 
288 Lunenburgh, or the 
 
 ■sides, and a carving in limestone at the top. The building, 
 which is well finished and well arranged for the purpose for 
 which it is intended, was opened to the public in June 1885. 
 
 In the same year the County Council put up a commodi- 
 ous brick building for public offices in the place of the very 
 inconvenient and inadequate one built in 1850. 
 
 The new building is substantial, but plain ; adjoins the 
 Court-house on the east, and contains the following accommo- 
 dation : In the first storey, a room for the Local Master in 
 •Chancery, Judges' Chambers, witnesses waiting room, offices of 
 the Clerk of the Peace, County Attorney and County Treasur- 
 er. In the second storey a room for the Junior Judge and Re- 
 vising Officer, offices of Sheriff, Clerk of the County Court, 
 Clerk of the County Council, and County Superintendent of 
 Schools. In the basement are rooms for the caretaker and 
 for the furnaces and coal. There are good vaults for the offices 
 of the Local Master in Chancery, Clerk of the Peace, Treasur- 
 er, Sheriff and Clerk of the County Court. 
 
 In 1884 D. B. McLennan erected a brick building on lot 
 15, north side of Water street, the upper part of which is oc- 
 cupied as offices by the firm, of which he is senior partner, 
 the lower part as a store. 
 
 In 1886 that part of lot 15, south of Second street, where 
 5t. John's Church stood, was divided into three building lots, 
 two of which were sold, and the old church was removed in the 
 autumn of that year. In 1887 Geo. Ross, the purchaser of one 
 ■of the building lots put up the building now known as the 
 Rossmore, a handsome and well arranged structure which is 
 used as a hotel. Mr. H. Pitts put up a building with galvan- 
 ized iron front, south of the Rossmore House, which is used as 
 a store. 
 
 The new St. John's, on lot 14, south side of Second street, 
 was finished in March, 1889. 
 
 A new Roman Catholic Church has been commenced in 
 the east end of the the town, and a neat wooden church was built 
 
Old Eastern District. 289. 
 
 on the east side of Marlborough street for the English Church 
 congregation in the east. 
 
 In 1887 R. R. McLennan commenced the erection of a 
 brick building on lot No. 16, north of Second street, north of 
 the post office. It was finished in the following winter. The 
 first storey is occupied by the Ontario Bank, the second by 
 the offices of Messrs. Leitch & Pringle. Mr. McLennan has 
 put up a brick building on the same lot west of the post office, 
 which is divided into three parts. The eastern part is the office 
 of the Standard. On the north end of the same lot is the large 
 building put up for a roller skating rink, but now occu- 
 pied as a furniture store. 
 
 On lot 15, south side of First street, the heirs of the late- 
 Honourable Philip Vankoughnet put up a block of nine stores,, 
 fronting on Pitt street. They erected another and a much 
 handsomer block on lot 16, north side of First street, in 1885^ 
 and two years later the Miller family put up a similar block 
 on lot 16, south of Second street. 
 
 It would be impossible to give a list of all the private, 
 dwellings that have been erected in the last ten or twelve years. 
 All of them are commodious, and many of them very hand- 
 some buildings. In the parts of the town adjacent to the fac- 
 tories most of the houses are of wood. They are, with very 
 few exceptions, well built, and neatly painted, and though- 
 generally small are well adapted to the needs of the mechanics, 
 and working people to whom they belong, and of whose thrift 
 and steadiness they are the pleasing evidence. 
 
 In 1882 buildings were erected for the manufacturing of 
 gas from petroleum. Many of the streets have gas lamps,, 
 though in some the old coal-oil lamps are stilled used. Gas^ 
 was also used in most of the stores and places of business, but 
 it was thought rather too expensive for private houses. In the 
 year 1 887, a company started an establishment for the supply- 
 ing of the incandescent electric light. Several of the mer- 
 chants are using it in their stores, and not a few persons have 
 it placed in their dwellings. 
 
2go Lunenburgh, or the 
 
 In the same year the Cornwall Water-works Company 
 got their works into operation, and the town is now well sup- 
 plied with water for all purposes. The arrangement for the 
 construction of the works was made on the 4th of June, 1886, 
 by James Leitch, the Mayor, with Messrs. Moffatt, Hodgkins, 
 Clarke, Bassett and Freeman, of Watertown, New York. It 
 was satisfactorily carried out under the superintendance of Mr. 
 M. O. Ward, and the works were accepted by the Town 
 Council on the 18th of May, 1887. 
 
 On the 2Sth of June, 1889, the Cornwall Cemetery Com- 
 pany was formed. The following shareholders were appointed 
 directors : His Honor Judge Carman, and Messrs. G. C. 
 Smith, D. B. Maclennan, Duncan Monroe, C. J. Mattice, J. T. 
 Kirkpatrick, Wm. Mack, W. S. Turner. D. B. Maclennan was 
 appointed President ; G. C. Smith, Vice-President ; D. Mon- 
 roe, Secretary-Treasurer, and Wm. Dingwall, Auditor ; and a 
 piece of land, 25 acres in extent, was secured, adjoining the 
 north-westerly part of the town, which has been laid out as a 
 cemetery and the old burial grounds in the town are closed. 
 This is an improvement that has been needed for many years. 
 
 The town still requires many other improvements, for in- 
 stance, a well-arranged system of drainage ; streets that are 
 not mud-holes in spring and autumn ; and sidewalks made of 
 some indestructable material instead of the rapidly decaying 
 planks now used. It is to be hoped that long ere the close of 
 another fifty years these pressing wants will be amply sup- 
 plied. 
 
 So'far Cornwall has not been visited by many serious fires, 
 those already mentioned and those at the woollen factory* 
 and the Stormont Cotton mill have been the worst. There 
 has been now and then a shock of an earthquake, but no dam- 
 age greater than the breaking of a few cups has ensued from 
 them. 
 
 In 1846 there was a violent storm, something like the 
 cyclones that visit the Western States, though by no means so 
 
 * See chapter on factories. 
 
Old Eastern District. 291 
 
 destructive. The storm came from the south-west, crossed the 
 river a h'ttle above the first -lock west of the town, and crossed 
 the lock, carrying a young girl from the south side to the north, 
 -where she was dashed against the wall and killed. It then 
 passed through the wood on the front of Wood's and Mattice's 
 farms, making a clean sweep of the trees in its path ; struck 
 and unroofed a building on lot No. 22 North of Water street, 
 unroofed the rear part of John Chesley's hotel, damaged a 
 building on lot No. 15, on the south part of First street, and 
 ■destroyed part of the roof of Col. Vankoughnet's dwelling house, 
 two blocks east of Pitt street, then passed eastward along the 
 ■shore of the river and lake for some miles, doing a good deal 
 of damage in its course. Some papers that were blown out of 
 J. Chesley's house were found the next morning at Lancaster. 
 Pieces of a miri-or that stood in an upper room in Col. Van- 
 koughnet's house were found so firmly embedded in a tree , 
 about a hundred yards away that they could not be pulled out, 
 and one end of a plank twelve feet long was driven through 
 the clapboards just below one of the second storey windows of 
 Chesley's hotel, so that the plank stood out horizontally at right 
 angles to the building. These are some of the authenticated 
 freaks of the storm. Other stories were told of it, two of which 
 are given, with full liberty to the reader to believe or disbelieve 
 them as he pleases. It is said that a man had dug a hole in 
 his garden near the west end of the town, intending to plant 
 an apple tree therein, and that the storm carried an apple tree 
 from Massena, and dropped it into the hole, into which it also 
 very considerately blew 'all the earth that had been dug out of 
 it, and firmly planted the tree ! Another man had harnessed 
 his horse to his waggon just before the storm came. After it 
 had passed, he went out, but could see nothing of horse or 
 "waggon. They were found a while after some miles down the 
 road, whither the storm had carried them, and set them down 
 without breaking even a strap or a buckle ! 
 
292 Lunenburgh, or the 
 
 CHAPTER XXXII. 
 
 In 1845 or 1846, the Government disposed of water 
 privileges along the canal in front of and at the east end of 
 the town. One of them was rented by John Harvey. It was- 
 situated on the south bank of the canal, nearly opposite lot 
 No. 21, north of Water street, and on it Mr. Harvey erected a 
 grist-mill, which he sold to Myron Hitchcock, who ran it for 
 a few years. After his death it passed into the possession of 
 William Mattice, and was worked by Angus Bethune. When 
 the Stormont Cotton Manufacturing Company commenced 
 operations in Cornwall, they bought the privilege and the mill^ 
 which was pulled down to make room for the first factory 
 built by them. 
 
 The privilege adjoining Harvey's on the east was rented 
 by Andrew Elliot, who built the stone grist-mill now occupied 
 by Wm. Hodge, who has added to it carding and fulling works 
 and a small cloth factory. 
 
 A third privilege, adjoining Harvey's on the west, was 
 leased to A. E. Cadwell, who built a saw-mill near the river- 
 bank. This mill was burned ; another was built, which, after 
 passing through several hands, was sold with the water privi- 
 lege to the Stormont Cotton Manufacturing Company in 1879. 
 
 The right to water privileges at the east end of the town 
 was leased to the Honorable P. Vankoughnet, who sold the 
 right and the farm to Wm. Mattice. Soon after making this 
 purchase, Mr. Mattice and the Board of Works caused a chan- 
 nel to be made from the north side of the canal eastward, to 
 supply water to mills and factories. Wm. Mack, about 1861 
 or 1862, built a grist-mill on one of the privileges thus sup- 
 plied. Messrs. Flack & VanArsdale, about the same time. 
 
Old Eastern District. 293 
 
 started the pottery works, which stand some distance eastward 
 of Mack's mill. Both these establishments have been enlarged 
 and extended. 
 
 In 1868, the Cornwall Manufacturing Company was incor- 
 porated. They took water power and built a factory between 
 Mr. Mack's mill and Messrs. Flack & VanArsdale's pottery. 
 This factory, which was intended for the manufacture of 
 blankets and flannels, was burned down on Christmas night, 
 1870. The company rebuilt in 1871, and recommenced work 
 in March, 1872. The product of the mill is more diversified 
 now than at first, and includes tweeds, overcoatings, blankets, 
 rugs, etc. The goods manufactured find an outlet in all parts 
 of the Dominion from the Atlantic to the Pacific coasts. The 
 name of Sir George Stephen, Bart, is closely identified with 
 the company, he having been the chief promoter of the enter- 
 prise. The late Sir Hugh Allan, a large shareholder in the 
 company, was its President for many years, in which office his 
 brother, Andrew Allan, succeeded him. John TurnbuU, of 
 Montreal, the present Managing Director, is also a large share- 
 holder. The value of the company's property is estimated at 
 $200,000.00, and the annual production at $275,000.00. James 
 P. Watson is Secretary ; the Superintendent is Alexander 
 Hope, and the hands employed number 210. Many additions 
 and improvements have been made to the works since the 
 building was first used in 1872. 
 
 About 1870, the Stormont Cotton Manufacturing Com- 
 pany, having bought the mill built by John Harvey, erected a 
 mill for the manufacture of cotton. It was much smaller than 
 their present factory, and was built of stone. In September, 
 1 874, a small mill that had been built by Martin & Crilly for 
 the manufacture of coarse paper and felt, and which stood on 
 the west side of Hodge's grist-mill, took fire. The flames 
 extended to the storehouse of the Stormont Company's mill, 
 and finally to the mill itself, which was totally destroyed. The 
 intense heat had the effect of cracking the stone walls and 
 
294 Lunenburgh, or the 
 
 causing them to fall. The company did nothing until 1879, 
 when they bought land adjoining their propei'ty on the west 
 and south, including the site of the mill built by A. E. Cadwell, 
 and commenced to build a factory much larger than the one 
 that had been burned. They started manufacturing in 1880, 
 with 250 looms and 300 hands. In 1881 they put up a large 
 addition, increasing the number of looms to 500 and of hands 
 to 520. The goods manufactured are grey sheeting, checks, 
 fine ginghams, ticking and denims. In addition to an ample 
 supply of water power, the mill has an engine of 600 horse 
 power. Gas was used for lighting until the winter of 1887, 
 when Edison's system of lighting by electricity was adopted. 
 A large storehouse was added to the other buildings in 1887. 
 A. F. Gault is President ; S. H. Ewing, Vice-President ; R. L. 
 Gault, C. E. Gault and S. Finley, Directors ; S. Greenwood, 
 Manager ; Arch'd Gault, Secretary. 
 
 The Canada Cotton Manufacturing Company was incor- 
 porated in 1872. The first directors were Sir Hugh Allan, 
 George Stephen, Donald Mclnnes, Edward McKay, John 
 Harvey, John Rankin, Bennett Rosamond and W. E. Sanford. 
 The mill, which stands east of the town, was originally in- 
 tended for 10,000 spindles, but was changed to 20,000. It is 
 built of brick, is 300 feet by 90, four storeys high, with man- 
 sard roof In 1882 the weaving room was built ; it is 5 50 feet 
 in length by 120 in breadth, having space for 1,000 looms on 
 one floor under one roof, with a basement of the full size. The 
 weaving room is lighted by electricity. There are now in the 
 mill 33,000 spindles, with room for about 10,000 more, and the 
 •number of looms at present is 766. The Honorable D. Mc- 
 lnnes was at one time President and Managing Director ; 
 Gilbert Scott, Vice-President ; A. G. Watson, Secretary. The 
 motive power consists of two water wheels of 500 horse power, 
 and two Corliss' engines of 1,200 horse power. The goods manu- 
 factured are cottonades, ducks (dyed and white), canton flannels 
 (grey, bleached and colored), ginghams, sheetings and bags. 
 
 To the west of the town are the buildings of the Toronto 
 
Old Eastern District. 295 
 
 Paper Company. They were begun in 1881 and finished in 
 the spring of 1882, and are built of brick with stone founda- 
 tions. The machinery is driven by five water wheels of 100 
 liorse power each, the water being supplied from the canal. 
 The total cost of the mill and machinery is a little under 
 ^250,000.00. The manufactures are fine writing and book 
 papers, made principally from rags. The output is about 100 
 tons a month. The number of hands employed is about 100. 
 This is the only mill in Canada that uses rags almost ex- 
 clusively, and the only one that makes fine paper. John R. 
 Barber is President of the company ; Jas. D. Finlay, Superin- 
 tendent ; W. J. Wallace, Secretary. The buildings are erected 
 ■on the front of G. Charles Smith's farm, and are the nucleus 
 -of 4hat bids fair to be a considerable suburb of Cornwall. Mr. 
 Barber's father was manager of the first paper mill in Canada. 
 In it the paper was made by hand, sheet after sheet, each of 
 which was hung up separately to dry. Now the paper is made 
 in a continuous roll, at the rate of 120 feet a minute, by ma- 
 chinery which may run six or eight hours without stopping. 
 There are machines making paper for newspapers which run 
 at double the rate mentioned above, viz., 240 feet to the 
 minute. These improvements in the art of paper making 
 were all perfected within the last twenty-five or thirty years, 
 with the result of reducing the price of paper to less than half 
 ■of what it was under the old system, In 1887 the company 
 built a mill for the manufacture of pulp from wood. 
 
 There are some smaller factories, one for the making of 
 batting at the east end of the town, and one spinning mill at 
 the west, both of which are under the management of Messrs. 
 Flack Brothers. There are also two large sawing and planing 
 mills, at which doors, window sashes and blinds are made; one 
 "belongs toWm. Atchison, the other to Messrs. L. A. Ross & Co. 
 In addition to these, there are smaller ones on Fourth street. 
 There are also foundries and machine shops, which are kept fully 
 at work. In 1 889 a small factory was opened for the manufactur- 
 ing of plush and elastic webbing, and another for electro plating. 
 
296 Lunenburgh, or the 
 
 CHAPTER XXXIII. 
 
 RELIC OF PREHISTORIC TIMES. 
 
 In the summer of 1868 a discovery was made which proves^ 
 conclusively that at some period in the far past the site of the- 
 town was covered by the ocean, or that the St. Lawrence *was 
 an arm of the. sea, the waters of which spread over a large por- 
 tion of what is now the eastern part of Canada. In the year 
 above mentioned, while laborers were engaged in cutting down 
 a bank of blue clay on lot number 10, on the south side of 
 Sixth street, for the purpose of making brick, bones were 
 found at a depth of twelve or fourteen feet from the surface,, 
 which on examination proved to be part of the skeleton of a 
 white whale. The late Charles Poole and the author interest- 
 ed themselves in having the bones taken care of Mr. Poole 
 took a great deal of trouble in gathering them up as they were 
 disinterred, from the grave, where they had lain for, who 
 can say, how many thousands of years, and in putting them 
 together in their proper places. When his work was done, 
 it was found that with the exception of one or two of the 
 vertebrae, the entire skeleton was recovered in a good state of 
 preservation. It was about fourteen feet in length. Probably 
 the fish was, when alive, a foot or two longer. The skeleton 
 was taken to Montreal by the geologists of the Government,, 
 or the Natural History Society, and was said by them to be 
 the most perfect that had been discovered. Several portions 
 of similar skeletons have been found in the low lands near 
 Montreal, as well as in Vermont. 
 
Old Eastern District. 297 
 
 ICE SHOVES. 
 
 Every winter a thick sheet of ice is formed on Lake St. 
 Francis, and the river up to a point about two miles below the 
 town. From this point westward for some miles beyond the 
 head of the Long Sault rapid, the river does not freeze, but the 
 ■drift ice floating down and coming in contact with the sheet of 
 ice already formed, accumulates and fills the channel for some 
 •distance above the town, causing a stoppage and a sudden rise 
 of the water and a shove of the ice. Generally speaking this 
 ice jam does little or no injury, but occasionally it causes a 
 a good deal of discomfort and loss. In the winter of 1829 the 
 water rose very high. The canal had not been begun then, 
 nor was the present Court-house and gaol in existence. Col. 
 Vankoughnet at that time had his dwelling house on lot num- 
 ber 15 on the south side of Water street. It stood on the 
 bank of the river about one hundred feet south of the southern 
 side of water street. There was a lawn and a small garden in 
 front of the house. The water came up a foot or so over the 
 floor of the first storey ; filled the garden and extended to the 
 north side of Water street. Mrs. Vankoughnet and the child- 
 ren were carried out by the late Austin Shearer and others, 
 who had. to wade waist deep in the freezing water. A large 
 cake of ice was carried partly up the bank of the river and 
 stopped within a yard of the south-west corner of the dwelling. 
 The Fly creek and the bridges over it were flooded, and Wil- 
 liam Woods'* house and outbuildings were surrounded. Some 
 persons returning from a party in town about four o'clock in 
 the morning got over Woods' bridge just in time to escape 
 the rush of water. 
 
 In i860 there was a rise of water which flooded the Fly 
 creek, and did some damage to houses along its course. The 
 water came up through the culvert at the creek, high enough 
 to flow into the canal over the north bank, but it did not come 
 into Water street. The worst floods since that of 1 829 were 
 
 * Grandfather of the present owner. 
 
298 Lunenburgh, or the 
 
 the ones that occurred on Tuesday, the iSth, and Saturday,, 
 the 22nd of January, 1887. The winter had been exception- 
 ally cold and stormy, in consequence of which there was an 
 unusual quantity of floating ice. The channel of the river was 
 blocked up as far as the Long Sault rapids. The water was 
 raised about three feet above the level at the head of the canal,, 
 and all appearance of the great rapid was obliterated for the 
 time. The flood rose in the Fly creek, poured into the canal 
 over both banks, and about two o'clock in the morning of the- 
 1 8th, came down through Water street, flooding all the houses 
 from the west down to lot No. 7, north of that street, and 
 extending northward on Pitt street, about 300 feet. It rose 
 above the top of the iron railing in front of the Court-house ;. 
 flooded the market lot and house and the gas works ; rushed 
 eastward down the canal and mill race, filling the basements 
 of the factories and coming nearly to the second storeys of 
 some of the houses to the east of them, and made its escape 
 across the low land east of Lorneville. The Stormont mill 
 was flooded nearly to the floor of the 1st storey, and the Paper 
 mill, though not flooded, had to stop working on account of 
 the back water. A quantity of manufactured goods in the Cot- 
 ton mills was damaged by the water, and some of the machin- 
 ery in the Stormont mill, and in those below the town, was 
 somewhat damaged. The water rose high in the creek and 
 flooded the houses on the low land along its course, rising- 
 over all the bridges from Woods' eastward. It remained on 
 Water street and in the factories and the neighboring houses- 
 until the following Sunday morning. Meanwhile, on Satur- 
 day, the 22nd, there was another jam of ice a little west of the 
 Stormont mill, which again raised the water, causing it to over- 
 flow the land along the Fly creek to a greater extent than be- 
 fore. It came up nearly to the same point on Pitt street that 
 it had reached on Tuesday morning, and flooded a portion of 
 Beaconsfield, west of the town to a depth of four feet. About 
 two o'clock on Sunday morning it ceased to rise, and then re- 
 ceded rapidly from Water street and the eastern part of the- 
 
Old Eastern District, 299 
 
 town, leaving cellars and basements free. There was only one 
 life lost, but there were many narrow escapes. Some persons 
 had to be taken out of second storey windows, and some from 
 the roofs of houses or outbuildings. A good deal of loss was 
 suffered by those whose cellars and first floors were inundated; 
 winter supplies of vegetables were destroyed, and furniture, 
 carpets and bedding were damaged, and it is said that some 
 dishonest persons took advantage of the houses being left un- 
 inhabited to plunder them of a portion of their contents. 
 
 More than once the ice has been solid enough to allow of 
 a sleigh road being made from the town to the island, but in 
 February, 1887, for the first time in the memory of any of the 
 inhabitants, a road was made across the channel between Barn- 
 hart's Island and the south shore. 
 
 The Department of Public Works has caused flood gates to 
 be placed at the culvert above the town, which it was expected 
 would have the effect of preventing the water from flowing up 
 the Fly creek, and obviating the danger of another flood such asi 
 that of the winter of 1887. They did not appear to operate as 
 they were intended to do, as the water rose nearly to the top 
 of Woods' bridge in the winter i^ 
 
300 Lunenbmgh, or the 
 
 CHAPTER XXXIV. 
 
 Though the law is looked upon by most people as a dry 
 and uninteresting subject, and by some as a very sore one, a 
 sketch of the early history of the country would scarcely be 
 satisfactory without some reference to the old laws and modes 
 of proceeding in use in the time of the fathers and grandfathers 
 of the present generation. 
 
 The criminal law of England was established in the Pro- 
 vince of Quebec by 14 Geo. Ill, Chap. 83, passed in 1774, but in 
 all matters of controversy relative to property and civil rights, 
 resort was to be had to the laws of Canada. The causes were 
 to be instituted in the Courts of Justice to be appointed by His 
 Majesty in the Province of Quebec. After the separation of 
 the Province of Quebec into two Provinces, the Parliament of 
 Upper Canada, which met at Niagara on the 17th of Sept., 
 1792, passed the Statute 32, Geo. Ill, Chap, i, introducing the 
 English law in all matters of controversy, relative to property 
 and civil rights, and the Statute 32, Geo. Ill, Chap. 2, establish- 
 ing trial by jury in all issues of fact in any action real, person- 
 al, or mixed. At the same session the Statute 32,Geo.III,Chap. 
 4, was passed, for the purpose of abolishing the summary pro- 
 ceedings of the Courts of Common Pleas,* in actions under 
 pS'io.o.O sterling. It directed that all causes of action that ex- 
 ceed in value the sum of forty shillings, Quebec currency, should 
 be proceeded with in the same manner as is directed for the 
 trial of causes above ten pounds sterling. Dr. Canniff states 
 that after Lord Dorchester divided the western portion of the 
 Province of Quebec into four districts in 1788, a judge and a 
 
 * The Court, as established prior to the division of the Trovince of Quebec 
 into the Provinces of Upper and Lower Canada. 
 
Old Eastern District. 301 
 
 sheriff were appointed, and a Court of Common Pleas establish- 
 ed for each district. He gives the names of the judges as fol- 
 lows : Richard Duncan, for Lunenburg ; Richard Cartwright, 
 Mecklenburg ; Robert Hamilton, for Nassaw, and probably 
 William Robertson, for Hesse. By chapter 6 of the statutes of 
 the same session. Courts of Requests were established for the 
 more easy and speedy recovery of small debts. These courts 
 could be held on the first and third Saturday's of every 
 month, by any two or more Justices of the Peace, acting under 
 His Majesty's commission, within the limits of their respective • 
 commissions, who were to sit at some fixed place within their 
 respective divisions, which were to be ascertained and limited 
 by the Justices in General Quarter Sessions. The jurisdiction 
 was limited to matters of debt not exceeding forty shillings 
 ($8.00.) The costs were on a very low scale, viz. : Every sum- 
 mons, six pence ; every judgment, two shillings ; every execu- 
 tion, two shillings ; every subpoena, six pence ; copy of judg- 
 ment, one shilling ; witness, two and six pence a day ; service 
 of summons, one shilling ; mileage, four pence a mile ; acting 
 on writ of execution and making return, two shillings. 
 
 On the 9th of July, 1794, the Statute 34, Geo. HI, Chap. 2, 
 was passed, establishing the Court of King's Bench in Upper 
 Canada. 
 
 Bythe Statute 56, Geo. HI, Chap. 5, passed in i8i6,thejuris- 
 diction of the Court of Requests was raised to £5.0.0 in matters 
 of debt, but the justices were forbidden to give judgment for 
 more than forty shillings, unless the defendant had acknow- 
 ledged the debt in writing, or the plaintiff produced evidence 
 to corroborate his own oath. Up to forty shillings the plain- 
 tiff could swear to the amount and recover it on his own oath 
 merely, and the defendant was helpless if he had no witnesses, 
 as his oath could not be taken.* 
 
 In 1830, by II, George IV, Chap. 5, the right of set-off 
 was extended in all the courts, including the Court of Requests, 
 
 * He had to plead a set-off or bring a cross action for forty shillings, and swear 
 to his account if he had one, or to an imaginery one if he was unscrupulous. 
 
302 Lunenhurgh, or the 
 
 so as to allow a defendant to recover any balance that he 
 might prove to be due to him. 
 
 In 1833 the Statute 3, William IV, Chap, i, was pass- 
 ed, which took the Court of Requests out of the hands of the 
 magistrates and placed them under two or more commission- 
 ers, who were appointed by the Lieutenant-Governor for each 
 division. The divisions were ascertained and declared by the 
 Justices in Quarter Sessions assembled. The jurisdiction of 
 the courts was increased to ten pounds in all matters of debt 
 or contract. The commissioners were authorized to appoint a 
 clerk and bailiff for each division, and the courts were to be 
 held on the first and third Saturday of every month. The 
 commissioners' fees were fixed at two shillings for every final 
 judgment. The clerks' fees were : For recording judgment, 
 six pence ; for eveiy summons or subpoena, six pence ; for 
 every copy of judgment, one shilling ; for every execution, one 
 shilling ; bailiffs' fees, serving every summons or subpoena, one 
 shilling ; mileage, four pence a mile, when the distance exceed- 
 ed one mile ; acting on writ of execution, seizing and selling, 
 and making returns, two shillings and six pence, if the judg- 
 ment did not exceed five pounds ; if above five pounds, in like 
 proportion. Under this statute the district was formed into- 
 eleven divisions, and the gentlemen whose names are given in 
 the following list were appointed to act in them respectively. 
 This system did not work well, and after eight years' trial, it 
 was given up, and the present one of having the Division Courts- 
 presided over by the Judge of the County Court, was adopted. 
 
 List of Divisions and Commissioners under the Statute of 1833. 
 
 1ST Division, Lancaster. — John McLennan, Ale.xander McKenzie, 
 Donald McPherson, Angus Cattanach, John McBean, Angus McGilKs, John 
 McMillan. Clerk — Donald McPherson. 
 
 2ND Division, Charlottenburg — Alexander Fraser, Alexander McMartin, 
 John McGillivray, David Thompson, John Mclntyre. Clerk — Donald McDonalds 
 
 3RD Division, Locheil— Alexander Chisholm, Angus McDonell, Allan. 
 Cameron, Archibald McDonell. Clerk — Roderick Chisholm. 
 
Old Eastern District. 30 j 
 
 4TH Division, Kenyon — ^Allan Cameron,, Donald Cattanach, Alex. Mc- 
 Donell, (Inch), John McDonell. Clerk — Thomas Oliver. 
 
 STH Division, Cornwall and Roxuorohgh — ^Joseph Anderson, Philip- 
 Vankoughnet, Guy C Wood, Benjamin French, Alexander McLean, James Pringle, 
 William Cline, Noah Dickinson, William Mattice, Andrew McDonell, Simon 
 Fraser. Clerk — James Pringle. 
 
 6th Division, Osnabruck — Simon Clarke, Michael Empey, John Archi- 
 bald, William Bruce, Duncan McMillan, John Waldorff, Jacob W. Empev, Joseph., 
 Backus. Clerk — Henry Deming. 
 
 7TH Division, Williamsburg — I. G. Weagant, John McDonell, Chris- 
 topher Merkley, Alexander Rose, George Merkley, John Cryslei*, William Kyle., 
 Clerk — John P. Crysler. 
 
 8th Division, Winchester — John Marsees, John Cook, John Dillabough.- 
 Name of Clerk not known. ^ 
 
 9TH Division, Matilda — James McDonell, Duncan Clarke, Miles Mc- 
 Cargar, Jacob Brouse, George Brouse, Peter Shaver, James West, Alexander 
 Wylie. Clerk — Edward Brouse. 
 
 loTH Division, Mountain — Hugh McCargar, David Brown, John Madock.. 
 Clerk — William Bower. 
 
 iiTH Division, Finch — ^John Crysler, Duncan McMillan, John Link, jr., 
 Hector McLean, Alexander McMillan, Jas H. Crysler. Clerk — Chs. B. Crysler. 
 
 The next statute affecting Courts of Requests, viz., the 
 4 or 5 Victoria, Chap. 3, was passed in 1841. This Act did, 
 away with the commissioners and directed the magistrates of 
 each district in Quarter Sessions to appoint the Hmits of the- 
 divisons in the districts, in each of which a court was to be 
 held once in every two months, by the judge of the District 
 Court, who was to be a resident in the district, as provided for 
 by 4 and 5, Vic, Chap. 8, passed also in 1.84 1. The old title 
 of the Court of Requests was abolished, and the new courts 
 were thenceforward called Division Courts. 
 
 The fee to the commissioners was done away with, and 
 those to the bailiff increased. The clerks were to be paid by 
 an annual salary, ranging from twenty pounds to one hundred, 
 according to population, and the fees for summonses, subpcenas> 
 hearing executions, &c., were to be paid to the treasurer of the 
 District, and by him accounted for to the Receiver-General 
 of the Province. This Act was amended by Acts passed in 1 845, 
 
304 Lunenburgh, or the 
 
 and 1849, 3^nd finally repealed in 1850, by 13 and 14 Vic, 
 Chapter 53, by which the number of divisions was changed, 
 and it was directed that there should not be less than three, 
 nor more than twelve, in a district.* Several Acts have been 
 passed since, making various amendments, till at the present 
 day a court is brought into each township, convenient to every 
 suitor, which has a larger and moreextensive jurisdiction than 
 was given to the District or County Courts, forty years ago. 
 
 The Court of Requests at Cornwall was generally presided 
 over by Joseph Anderson and Benjamin French, both before 
 and after the appointment of commissioners. Occasionally 
 syme other of the magistrates or commissioners attended, but 
 the burden of the work fell on the two named above until the 
 autumn of 1835, when Joseph Anderson, then in his 73rd year, 
 ceased to attend. The books containing the records of the 
 court at Cornwall are extant from the 3rd day of November, 
 1824, to the present time. The entries in the books up to 7th 
 May, 1826, are in the hand-writing of Joseph Anderson ; after 
 that date John B. Rutley appears to have acted as clerk at the 
 sittings of the court, up to the time when the appointment of a 
 clerk was authorized by the statute of 1833. From that time 
 the following gentlemen have held the appointment for the 
 Court held at Cornwall : — 
 
 James Pringle, 1833 to 1838 
 
 Christopher Collins, 1838 to 1846 
 
 Charles Poole, 1846 to 1855 
 
 William M. Park, 1855 to 1865 
 
 George Sherwood Jarvis, 1865 to 1868 
 
 Charles Poole, 1868 to 1879 
 
 James F. Pringle, 1879 to 18S2 
 
 Corydon J. Mattice, 1882 
 
 The divisions at present are : — 
 
 No. I Charlottenburg, Clerk, G. H. MacGillivray. 
 
 2 Locheil, " John A. McDougall. 
 
 3 Cornwall, " C. J. Mattice. 
 
 * 13 and 14 Vic, Cap. 53, did away with the payment of the clerks by salary, 
 and fixed a tariff of fees for their remuneration, and also a general fee fund which 
 was to be paid to the District Treasurer and applied to the payment of judges' 
 salaries. 
 
Ola Eastern District. 305. 
 
 No. 
 
 4 
 
 Osnabruck, Clerk, A. Dawson. 
 
 S 
 
 Williamsburgh, ' 
 
 ' Wm. Garvey, jr. 
 
 6 
 
 Matilda, - ' 
 
 J. N. Tuttle. 
 
 7 
 
 Mountain, - ' 
 
 W. J. Ridley. 
 
 8 
 
 Finch, 
 
 ' Jolin A. Cockburn. 
 
 9 
 
 Lancaster, ' 
 
 D. C. McRae. 
 
 K) 
 
 Winchester, ' 
 
 ' Wm. Rae. 
 
 II 
 
 Roxborough, ' 
 
 ' D. Mcintosh. 
 
 12 
 
 Kenyon, ' 
 
 ' George Hearnden. 
 
 The Courts of Requests were the first ones estabHshed in' 
 Upper Canada by Provincial Statute. The next were the- 
 Court of Probate of Upper Canada, and the Surrogate Courts, 
 one of which was to be held in each district. These courts 
 were established in 1793 by 33, George III, Chapter 8. 
 
 In 1794 the Statute 34, George III, Chapter 2, was passed 
 " to establish a Superior Court of Civil and Criminal Jurisdic- 
 tion, and to regulate the Court of Appeal." The court estab- 
 lished under the statute was called " His Majesty's Court of 
 King's Bench, for the Province of Upper Canada," and had all 
 the powers and authorities of His Majesty's Courts of King's 
 Bench, Common Bench or Exchequer. 
 
 The Court of Appeal constituted by the same statute, was 
 composed of the Governor, Lieutenant-Governor or person ad- 
 ministering the Government of the Province, or the Chief Jus- 
 tice of the Province, together with two or more members of the 
 Executive Council of the Province. 
 
 The Statute 34, George III, Chapter 3, -was passed in the 
 same year to establish a court for the cognizance of small 
 causes in each district in the Province. This was the com- 
 mencement of the County Courts, one of which is now estab- 
 lished in each county or union of counties. 
 
 At the time when 34, Geo. Ill, Chapter 3, was passed,. 
 there were very few professional lawyers in Upper Canada,, 
 and none of them felt disposed to give up the chances of his 
 practice for the position of District Court Judge, with the small 
 remuneration that would arise from the fees payable to that 
 functionary. A non-professional man was therefore chosen by 
 
-3o6 
 
 Lunenburgh, or the 
 
 the Government and appointed judge in each district. These 
 judges resided within their respective districts. As vacancies 
 occurred,- after the year 1822, the Government adopted the 
 plan of appointing a barrister, who practised in one district, 
 judge of the court of the adjoining district, the judgeship not 
 interfering with his practice in the place in which he Hved. 
 For instance, Geo. S. Jarvis, Esq., who practised in Cornwall, 
 became judge of the Ottawa District Court ; David Jones, 
 Esq., who practised in Brockville, became judge of the 
 Eastern District Court. This arrangement continued until 
 1841, when the present system of having resident judges was 
 established. 
 
 Samuel Anderson, the first Judge of the District Court of 
 the Eastern District, was appointed in 1794. 
 
 ■According to an almanac printed at Montreal by Nahum 
 Mower, for the year 18 19, the Judges and clerks of the several 
 District Courts in Upper Canada in the year 1818, were : — 
 
 District. 
 
 Judges. 
 
 Clerks. 
 
 Ott3.Wtl 
 
 
 Peter F. Leroy. 
 
 
 
 Eastern, 
 
 David Sheek, Esq., 
 
 Geo. Anderson. 
 
 Johnstown, 
 
 Soloman Jones, Esq. , 
 
 T. D. Campbell. 
 
 Midland, 
 
 Alex. Fisher, Esq., 
 
 Alex. Pringle. 
 
 Newcastle, 
 
 D. M. G. Ros;ers, Esq., 
 
 Elias Jones. 
 
 Home, 
 
 W. \V. Baldwin, Esq., 
 
 Stephen Heward. 
 
 Gore, 
 
 Richard Hutt, Esq., 
 
 George Rolph. 
 
 Niagara, 
 
 Ralfe Cleuch, Esq., 
 
 J. B. Clench. 
 
 London, 
 
 Jas. Mitchell, Esq., 
 
 R. W. Dease. 
 
 Western, 
 
 R. Richardson, Esq., 
 
 G. T. F. Ireland, 
 
 In 1820, G. Hamilton and John McDonell were Judges of 
 the Ottawa District Court, as stated in the York Almanac for 
 1821. 
 
 By the Statute 34, Geo. Ill, Chap. 4, passed in 1794, the 
 -ordinance of the Province of Quebec concerning advocates, 
 attorneys, solicitors and notaries, was suspended for the term 
 of two years, and the Lieutenant-Governor was empowered to 
 authorize by license, under his hand and seal, so many of His 
 Majesty's subjects, not exceeding sixteen in number, as he 
 
Old Eastern District. 
 
 307 
 
 should deem from their probity, education and condition in 
 life, best qualified to act as advocates and attorneys in the 
 conduct of all legal proceedings in the Province. The names 
 of the sixteen so licensed were to be inscribed on a roll to be 
 kept among the records of the Court of King's Bench, and no 
 ■one, who was not one of the sixteen, was to be holden as duly 
 authorized to receive fees for practising in any of His Majesty's 
 Courts of Law in the Province, with this proviso, that persons 
 admissible by the ordinance were not disqualified by this Act. 
 
 In 179S, the Statute 35, Geo. Ill, Chap. 5, was passed for 
 the public registering of deeds, etc. 
 
 In 1797, the Statute 37, Geo. Ill, Chap. 13, was passed 
 " for the better regulating of the practice of the law." By this 
 .statute the persons then admitted to practice in the law, and 
 then practicing at the bar of any of His Majesty's Courts of 
 the Province, were authorized to form themselves into a Law 
 Society, to be called " The Law Society of Upper Canada." 
 The 17th day of July, 1797, and the Town of Newark, in the 
 County of Lincoln, were fixed as the time and place of the 
 first meeting of the members of the society. The first mem- 
 bers were : — 
 
 I. 
 
 John "White 
 
 9- 
 
 Alexander Steward 
 
 2. 
 
 Robert Isaac Dey Gray 
 
 10. 
 
 Nicholas Hagerman 
 
 3- 
 
 Walter Roe 
 
 II. 
 
 Bartholemew Crannel 
 
 4- 
 
 Angus McDonell 
 
 
 Beardsley. 
 
 5- 
 
 James Clark 
 
 12. 
 
 Timothy Thompson 
 
 6. 
 
 Christopher Robinson 
 
 13- 
 
 Jacob Farrand 
 
 7- 
 
 Allan McLean 
 
 14. 
 
 Samuel Sherwood 
 
 8. 
 
 Wm. Dummer Powell, jr. 
 
 15- 
 
 John McKay 
 
 The Chief Justices of Upper Canada from the constitution 
 •of the Province under 31 Geo. Ill, passed in 1791, to 2 Wil- 
 liam IV, (1832), were : — 
 
 Wm. Osgoode,* 
 
 32 Geo. Ill, 1792 
 
 Wm. Dummer Powell, 56 Geo. Ill, 
 
 John Elmsley, 
 
 37 " 1796 
 
 1816. 
 
 ■Henry Alcock, 
 
 42 " 1802 
 
 Wm. Campbell, 6 Geo. IV, 1825 
 
 Thomas Scott, 
 
 46 " 1806 
 
 John Beverley Robinson, 10 Geo. 
 \\\ 1829. 
 
 ' From him Osgoode Hall, in Toronto, takes its name. 
 
3o8 Lunenburgh, or the 
 
 The Puisne Judges for the same period were : — 
 
 William Dummer Powell, 34 Geo. D'Arcy Boulton, 58 Geo. Ill, 181S 
 
 III, 1794. Levius Peters Sherwood, 6 Geo. IV, 
 
 Peter Russell, 35 Geo. Ill, 1794 1825. 
 
 Henry Alcock, 39 " 1798 James B. McAulay, 8 Gea IV, 1827 
 
 Thos. Cochrane, 43 " 1803 jno. Walpole Willis. " 1827- 
 
 Robert Thorpe, 45 " 1805 Christopher A. Hagerman, 9 Geo, 
 
 Wm. Campbell, 52 " 181 1 IV, 1828. 
 
 Attorneys-General during the same period : — 
 
 John White, 32 Geo. Ill, 1792 D'Arcy Boulton, 55 Geo. Ill, 1814 
 
 Thomas Scott, 41 " 1801 Jno. B. Robinson, 58 " 1818 
 
 William Forth, 48 " 1807 Henry John Bouhon, 9 Geo. IV,, 
 
 Jno. McDonell, 51 " 1811 1828. 
 
 SoHcitors-General during the same period : — 
 
 Robert Isaac Dey Gray, 37 Geo. Ill, Henry John Boulton, 58 Geo. Ill,, 
 
 1797 1S18 
 
 D'Arcy Boulton, 46 Geo. Ill, 1805 Christopher A. Hagerman, 10, Geo. 
 Jno. B. Robinson, 55 Geo. Ill, 1815 IV, 1829 
 
 The following gentlemen were advocates in Upper Canada 
 at the time of the institution of the Law Society, but who, not 
 being then practitioners, and not having subsequently applied 
 for admission, never became members of the society : — 
 
 David William Smith Davenport Phelps 
 
 Richard Barnes Tickell Charles J. Peters. 
 
 The Statute 34, Geo. Ill, Chap. 3, establishing District 
 Courts, was amended by Acts passed in 1797, 1798, 181 1 and 
 1819. All of these were repealed by Chap. 2, Geo. IV, passed in 
 1822, which settled and regulated the jurisdiction and practice 
 of the courts for many years. Under this statute the District 
 Courts had jurisdiction in matters of contract from forty shil- 
 lings to fifteen pounds, and when the amount was liquidated, 
 or ascertained by the act of the parties or the nature of the 
 transaction, to forty pounds, and in matters of tort to personal 
 chattels, to fifteen pounds. The Statute 8 Vic, Chap. 13,. 
 passed in 1845, raised the jurisdiction in personal actions ta 
 two hundred dollars, and in all suits relating to debt, covenant 
 and contract, where the amount is liquidated or ascertained by 
 
Old Eastern District. 309 
 
 the act of the parties or the signature of the defendant, to four 
 hundred dollars, at which sums respectively it has remained ta 
 the present time. 
 
 One of the greatest hardships under the law as it stood in 
 the early days of the Province, was the facility with which a 
 creditor could cause the arrest of a debtor for a small amount. 
 The statute passed in 181 1 (51 Geo. Ill, Chap. 3), fixed the 
 lowest sum for which an arrest could be made at forty shil- 
 lings. The Statute 2, Geo. IV, Chap, i, (1822), raised the- 
 minimum amount to ;^S.o.O ; it was increased in 1835 by 5, 
 William IV, Chap. 3, to ;^io.o.o, and in 1859 by 22 Vic., Chap, 
 <^6, to $100.00. Since that date no change has been made in 
 the amount. 
 
 In 1805, an Act (45 Geo. Ill, Chap. 7) was passed for the 
 support of insolvent debtors detained in execution, who up to 
 that time had " to depend upon the district or the precarious 
 charity of individuals " for their support. This Act directed 
 that if the debtor made oath that he or she was not worth five 
 pounds, the plaintiff at whose suit the execution was issued or 
 his attorney should pay to the debtor five shillings a week so 
 long as he or she was detained in prison, the weekly payment 
 . to be made on Monday in every week. A failure to make the 
 payment entitled the debtor to be released. The exact sum 
 of five shillings in legal money had to be paid, and an instance 
 is on record of a discharge being obtained where the payment 
 was partly in silver and partly in copper, and one of the half- 
 pennies happened to be what was known as a "Brock copper," 
 a piece which, though passing freely, was not a coin that could 
 be legally tendered in payment of a debt. 
 
 In 1822, the statute 2, Geo. IV, Chap. 6, was passed, 
 assigning limits to the respective gaols in the Province, within 
 which debtors in custody under execution might live and move 
 and have their being, provided they could get any of their 
 friends'to go bail that they would not depart from the limits. 
 The space allowed as " limits " was at first vfery small, as will 
 
3IO Lunenburgh, or the 
 
 be seen by referring to the order of sessions already quoted. 
 In 1830 the limits were increased to sixteen acres, but debtors 
 who had the liberty of the limits were not entitled to the 
 •weekly allowance. In 1846-47 the gaol limits were extended 
 to the limits of the district, and they are now the same as the 
 limits of the county, or union of counties, in which the gaol is. 
 When the limits were confined to a small space in the Town 
 of Cornwall, the magistrates caused cedar pickets, painted 
 white, to be put up to mark the boundaries, and a debtor who 
 gave " bail to the limits " was shown the boundary posts and 
 carefully instructed to keep within the lines marked by them. 
 A story used to be told of a worthy Glengarry man, who 
 Sjot into debt and finally into gaol. Some of his friends gave 
 bail for him, and he got the privilege of the limits. ' Of course 
 the boundary posts were pointed out to him, and he was' 
 warned that he must not pass beyond them. Something hap- 
 pened, however, which gave him a great desjre to visit his 
 home, and the question was, how could he gratify this desire 
 and at the same time save his bail from loss? He solved the 
 ■question to his own satisfaction by taking up one of the posts 
 and carrying it in front of him to his home. Whether or not 
 this satisfied the law and the creditor, is not recorded. 
 
 In 1835, an Act (5 William IV, Chap. 3) was passed, for- 
 bidding execution to be issued against the body of any person 
 for costs only, or in any case when the judgment should not 
 be rendered for the sum of ten pounds or upwards, exclusive 
 of costs, and directing that any person who might be in cus- 
 tody on the 1st of June, 1835, on an execution for a less sum 
 than ten pounds, might be discharged on application to a 
 Judge. The Act also directed that any person who might be 
 in custody on execution for any debt or damages not exceed- 
 ing twenty pounds, exclusive of costs, and who had been in 
 prison for three calendar months, or been on the gaol limits 
 for twelve calendar months, might be discharged upon making 
 affidavit that he was not possessed of property, exclusive of 
 his necessary wearing apparel and bedding to the value of five 
 
Old Eastern District. 311 
 
 pounds. A period of six months in prison was necessary when 
 the debt was over twenty and did not exceed one hundred 
 pounds, and of twelve months when the debt exceeded the 
 latter sum. 
 
 As matters of curiosity, some of the forms of proceedings 
 and bills of costs of ninety years ago are given. The author 
 has a printed form of a declaration in an action on a promis- 
 sory note or bill of exchange, and an account that was used 
 by some of the solicitors less than half a century ago. It is 
 closely printed, and covers three pages of a sheet of foolscap. 
 There is a blank near the beginning for the description of the 
 Jiote or bill ; the rest of it is made up of all the various counts 
 that could possibly be required to describe any claim that any 
 one man could have against another for a debt, the whole 
 making about twenty-five folios. The cost of this outrageous 
 •document at one shilling a folio, with its two copies and the 
 record and judgment roll, each at sixpence a fblio, would be 
 at least seventy-five shillings, or fifteen dollars. Pleadings of 
 this kind are not allowed in these degenerate days. 
 
 COPY OF A SUMMONS IN THE DISTRICT COURT OF THe 
 EASTERN DISTRICT, ISSUED 24TH JULY, 1798. 
 
 Eastern District,] George the Third, by the Grace of God, of Great 
 
 V Britain, France and Ireland, King, Defender of the 
 To Wit : J Faith and so forth. 
 
 To J. M , of Lancaster, in our County of Glengarry, in the Eastern District 
 
 aforesaid, yeoman. 
 ■Greeting : 
 
 We command you, that you do either in person, or by your attorney, appear 
 ^at our District Court, to be holden at New Johnstown, on the twenty-fourth day of 
 September, next, to answer the complaint of A McD , in a plea of Con- 
 tract, whereby you have promised to pay nim, the sum of eight pounds ten shil- 
 lings, Halifax currency, for your promissory note, bearing date the 22nd day of 
 November, 1793, which though often demanded, you have hitherto denied to 
 pay, to his damage twelve pounds, and which you refuse to pay him as he says. 
 
 Witness : j j , f ^^^^ ;j f^^^^^^ ^j Cornwall. 
 
 Samuel Anderson, Esq.,/-' ^ 
 
 This twenty-fourth day of July, in the thirty-eighth year of our reign. 
 
 (Signed,) J. Farrand, (Signed), J. Donovan, 
 
 Plff's Attorney. Acting Clerk. 
 
312 Lunenburgk, or the 
 
 Endorsement : 
 
 Eastern District, District Court, \ Prosecutor : A McD , 
 
 September Term, 1798. j vs. 
 
 J McC . 
 
 Farrand, for Plff. 
 
 AFFIDAVIT OF SERVICE ON THE SUMMONS. 
 Eastern District,! 
 
 Donald McDonell, constable for the Township of Charlottenburg, in the said 
 District, maketh oath that on the seventh day of August, instant, he did serve the 
 
 vi'ithin writ on J McC , the defendant therein named, by reading the same- 
 
 to him, and delivering him a copy thereof. 
 
 Sworn before me this ninth day of August,'^ 
 
 1798, at Charlottenburg, aforesaid. I ,3^^^^^^^ T)o-^i,l.^ McDonald. 
 
 (Signed), Alex. McDonell, T-P- J 
 
 PLEA. 
 
 In the District Court, "| J j\fcC , 
 
 September Term, 1801. / vs. 
 
 A. McD 
 
 And the said John, by Walter Butler Wilkinson, his atttorney, comes and 
 defends the wrong and injury, when, etc., and says that he did not undertake and 
 promise, in manner and form, as the said John hath above thereof complained 
 against him, and of this he puts himself upon the country, etc. 
 
 (Signed), Walter B. Wilkinson, 
 
 Attorney for Defendant- 
 
 BILL OF COSTS. 
 
 In the District Court, ") M McM , 
 
 September Term, 1802. ] vs. 
 
 A B . 
 
 £ s. d. 
 Instructions to Prosecute, 050 
 
 PriEcipe for Writ, 026 
 
 Process and Copy, 079 
 
 Brief and Fee, 0100 
 
 Motion that Writ be returned, 026 
 
 Motion that Defendant be called, 026 
 
 Motion that Defendant's confession be taken, 026 
 
 Motion for Judgment, ,050 
 
 Motion for Execution, 026 ;^ s. d. 
 
 203; 
 
Old Eastern District. 
 
 313 
 
 Judge's Fees, 
 Clerk's " 
 SherifT's " 
 Crier's " 
 
 £ 
 
 s. 
 
 cl. 
 
 
 
 17 
 
 6 
 
 
 
 14 
 
 6 
 
 
 
 6 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 9 
 
 I IS 9 
 
 £l 19 o 
 
 This bill allowed at three pounds, nineteen shillings, currency. 
 
 (Signed), J. Donovan, Clerk. 
 
 BILL OF COST^ 
 
 District Court, 
 April Term, 
 
 D- 
 
 ESQ., 
 
 April 1 1 
 
 13 
 
 26 
 
 ■m, 1S03. / vs. 
 
 
 
 
 H K 
 
 -. 
 
 
 
 
 £ 
 
 b. 
 
 d. 
 
 Instructions to Sue, 
 
 
 
 s 
 
 
 
 Drawing Declaration, 
 
 p 
 
 4 
 
 
 
 Notice on " 
 
 
 
 I 
 
 
 
 Brief and Fee, 
 
 
 
 10 
 
 
 
 Motion that Defendant be called, 
 
 
 
 2 
 
 6 
 
 Motion that Writ be returned. 
 
 
 
 2 
 
 6 
 
 Motion that Defendant be called, 
 
 
 
 2 
 
 6 
 
 Motion to enter com. appearance. 
 
 - 
 
 2 
 
 6 
 
 Drawing same. 
 
 
 
 2 
 
 6 
 
 Motion that Defendant be called, 
 
 
 
 2 
 
 6 
 
 Motion for Judgment by Default, 
 
 
 
 2 
 
 6 
 
 Drawing Notice of trial for 26th, 
 
 
 
 2 
 
 6 
 
 Motion that Defendant be called. 
 
 
 
 2 
 
 6 
 
 Motion to examine Jos. Stoneburner, 
 
 
 
 2 
 
 6 
 
 Motion that jury be empanelled, 
 
 
 
 2 
 
 6 
 
 Motion that Verdict be taken, 
 
 
 
 .2 
 
 6 
 
 Motion for Judgment on Verdict, 
 
 
 
 s 
 
 ^ s. d. 
 
 
 
 
 — 2 15 
 
 Judge,'s fees, 
 
 I 
 
 2 
 
 6 
 
 Clerk's " 
 
 
 
 15 
 
 
 
 Sheriff, for service of summons. 
 
 
 
 7 
 
 4 
 
 Sheriff, for service of notice of trial, 
 
 
 
 7 
 
 4 
 
 Sheriff, service of subpoena. 
 
 
 
 
 Paid witness, 
 
 
 
 
 Paid for subpoenas, 
 
 ■ 
 
 3 
 
 6 
 
 Paid for Jury, 
 
 
 
 6 
 
 
 
 Sheriff, 
 
 
 
 4 
 
 
 
 Crier, 
 
 
 
 I 
 
 9 
 
314 Lunenburgh, or the 
 
 CHAPTER XXXV. 
 
 PUBLIC OFFICERS. 
 
 Judges of the District and County Courts: 
 
 Samuel Anderson, . . . 1794 to 1814 
 
 David Sheek, . . . 1814 to 1822 
 
 Levius P. Sherwood, . . . 1S22 to 1826 
 
 David Jones, . . . 1826 to 1841 
 
 George S. Jarvis, . . . 1841 to 1878 
 
 J. F. Pringle, (Junior Judge), . 1866 to 1878 
 
 do (Judge), . . 1878 
 
 Robert B. Carman, (Junior Judge), . 1883 
 
 Judges of the Surrogate Court: 
 
 Samuel Anderson, . . . 1793 '° 1812 
 
 John Low Farrand, . . . 1812 to 1814 
 David Sheek, .... 1814 to 1821 
 
 The Hon. Neil McLean, . . 1821 to 1832 
 
 John McDonold, (Gart), . . 1832 to 1844 
 
 Robert Cline, . . . 1844 to 1847 
 
 George McDonell, . . . 1847 to 1857 
 
 George S. Jarvis, . . , 1857 to 1878 
 
 J. F. Pringle, . . . .1878 
 
 Surrogate Judge of the Maritime Court. 
 J. F. Pringle, . . . 1879 
 
 Sheriffs : 
 
 Cornelius Munro Donald McDonell (Greenfield). 
 
 John Kerr Alexander McMartin 
 
 Neil McLean Donald .Eneas McDonell 
 
 Daniel Eugene Mclntyre. 
 
Old Eastern District. 315 
 
 Clerks of the Peace : 
 
 Jacob Farrand, . . . 1789 to 1S03 
 
 John Low Farrand, . . . 1803 to 1814 
 
 Archibald McLean, . . . 1815 to 1837 
 
 James Pringle, .... 1837 to 1858 
 
 County Attornies and Clerks of the Peace: 
 
 T. F. Pringle, . . , . 1858 to 1S66 
 
 James Bethune, . . . 1866 to 1871 
 
 John B. McLennan, . . . 1 871 to 1873 
 
 James Dingwall, . . . 1873 
 
 Clerks of the District and County Courts : 
 
 Alexander Campbell, 
 I J. Donovan, 
 Geo. Anderson, . , 
 
 Angus S. McDonald, 
 Robertson McDonell, 
 Roderick McDonald, 
 Alexander E. McDonell, 
 
 1794 to I 80a 
 1800 to 1810 
 1810 to 1850 
 1850 to 1856 
 1856 to 1863 
 1863 to 1884 
 1884 
 
 Registrars of the Surrogate Court : 
 
 Robert I. D. Gray, . . . 1793 to i80O' 
 
 Joseph Anderson, . . 1800 to 18 11 
 
 Richard Wharfife, . . . 1811 to 1817 
 
 Archibald McLean, . . 1817 to 1837 
 
 Alex. McLean, . . . 1837 to 1858. 
 
 Robertson McDonell, . . 1858 to 1863, 
 
 From the time of the appointment of Robertson McDonell, the clerfo of the 
 County Court have been registrars of the Surrogate Court. 
 
 Deputy Clerks of the Crown : 
 George Anderson, 
 
 James Pringle, . . . 1842 
 
 Guy C. Wood, . . . 1843 to 1852 
 
 Angus S. McDonald, . . 1852 to 1856 
 
 From the time of the appointment of Angus S. McDonald, the clerks of 
 the County Court have been deputy clerks of the Crown. 
 
 Masters in Chancery : 
 
 James Pringle, . . . 1839 to 1S49 
 
 J. F. Pringle, appointed and resigned, 1849 
 
 John McDonell, (Greenfield), . . 1849 to 1868 
 
 John Bergin, . ' . . 1868 to, 1S70 
 
 J. F. Pringle, . . . 1870 
 
3i6 Lunenburgh, or the 
 
 CoirxTY Registrars — Stormont; 
 
 Jacob Farrand, . . . 1795 to 1803 
 
 John Low Farrand, . . 1803 to 1814 
 
 Archibald McLean, . . . 1814 to 1837 
 
 John McLean, ... . 1837 to 1S52 
 
 Geo. C. Wood, . . . 1852 to 1871 
 
 John Copeland, . . . 1871 
 
 DuNDAS : 
 
 Alexander Campbell,* . . 1795 to 1801 
 
 Jacob Farrand, . . . 1801 to 1803 
 
 John Low Farrand, . . . 1803 to 1814 
 
 Archibald ,McLean, . . 1814 to 1823 
 
 John Crysler, . . . 1823 
 
 Alex. McDonell, . . 1867 
 
 J. P. Crysler, . . . 1867 to 1 88 1 
 
 S. S. Cook, . . . 1881 
 
 Glengarry: 
 
 Jacob Farrand, 1795 to 1803 
 
 John Low Farrand, - . 1803 to 1814 
 
 Archd. McLean, 1814 to 1816 
 
 John McDonell, 1816 
 
 Alexander Fraser, , 1853 
 
 Duncan McDonell, (Greenfield), 1853 to 1865 
 
 Alex. McKenzie, 1865 to 1876 
 
 A. McDonell, 1876 
 
 PRESCOTT AND RUSSELL: 
 
 James Fortune, 1795 
 
 District and County Treasurers: 
 
 AVilliam Fraser, 1793 to 1794 
 
 Neil McLean, ,- 1795 to 1796 
 
 Robert McGregor, 1797 to 1798 
 
 Charles Jones, 1799 to 1800 
 
 Jacob I'^arrand, 1800 to 1803 
 
 Richard N. Wilkin.son, 1803 to 1806 
 
 Neil McLean, 1806 to 1832 
 
 Alexander McLean, 1832 to 1844 
 
 Roderick McDonald, - - 1845 to 1885 
 
 ^ICneas McDonald, 1885 to 1S87 
 
 Corydon J. Mattice, 1888 
 
 '■■ Mr. Campbell was also registrar for Leeds and Grenville. 
 
Old Eastern District. 
 
 317 
 
 IRISTERS AND ATTORNIES IN THE 
 
 FROM 1797 1 
 
 Jacob Farrand, 
 
 1797 
 
 Robert I. D. Gray, 
 
 " 
 
 'Walter Butler Wilkinson, 
 
 1803 
 
 J. L. Farrand, 
 
 1806 
 
 J. R. Small, 
 
 1808 
 
 Arch'd McLean, 
 
 1815 
 
 Isaac Sheek, 
 
 1S20 
 
 'Geo. Stephen Javvis, 
 
 1823 
 
 Robert Cline, 
 
 1825 
 
 Alexander Wilkinson, 
 
 1826 
 
 Geo. McDonell, 
 
 1830 
 
 Peter Freel, 
 
 1832 
 
 Some of the 
 
 Medical 
 
 •Charles Austin, ist Battalion, 
 
 K.R.R., N.V., 
 James Stuart, ist Battalion, 
 
 K.R.R., N.V., 
 John Mosely, 
 
 <ieo.Wood, 1st Dragoon Guards, 
 T. Johnson, 
 Noah Dickinson, 
 Cyrus Anderson, 
 J. Johnston. 
 Ambrose Blacklock, Royal Navy, 
 
 Eastern District, who practised 
 UP to 1847: 
 
 D. W. B. McAulay, 1838 
 
 J. F. Pringle, 
 
 The Hon. J. S. McDonald, 1841 
 William Smart, " 
 
 T. D. Pringle, 1843 
 
 A. G. McDonell, " 
 
 RoUand McDonald, admitted 
 1832, practised in Cornwall 
 from 1847, for four or five 
 years. 
 John Walker, 
 
 John Wylie, 
 James McAulay, 
 William Bruce, 
 John Archibald, 
 John Grant, 
 James Grant, 
 D. E. Mclntyre, 
 Charles Rattraj', 
 John Finlayson, 
 Roderick McDonald. 
 
 Public Officers in the Johnstown District in 1802-1803: 
 
 Judge of the District Court — Solomon Jones. 
 
 Clerk of the District Court — Charles Jones. 
 
 Clerk of the Peace — Edward Jessup. 
 
 Judge of the Surrogate Court — Ephraim Jones. 
 
 Clerk of the Surrogate Court — Samuel Sherwood. 
 
 Sheriff — Thomas Fraser. 
 
 Registrar for Counties Grenville, Carleton and Leeds — L. 1'. Sherwood. 
 
 Coroner — Oliver Everts. 
 
 CoUecter of Customs — L. ,P. Sherwood. 
 
 Inspector of flour, pot-ash, and pearl-ash — L. P. Sherwood. 
 
3i8 Lunenburgh, or the 
 
 CHAPTER XXXVI. 
 
 JOHN BAKER, THE LAST OF THOSE WHO HAD BEEN BORN" 
 IN SLAVERY IN CANADA. 
 
 A well-known character in Cornwall twenty years ago- 
 was John Baker, who died in January, 1871. He was a 
 mulatto, and had been a slave, as had been also his mother,, 
 Dorine ; his grandmother, Lavine, and his great-grandfather, 
 Cato. The histoiy of his family goes back to a period prior 
 to the settlement of Upper Canada, in fact to the time in the 
 old Colony days when the war with France was a thing of the 
 future and the Revolutionary war not dreamed of 
 
 Cato, John's great-grandfather, was an African. He was 
 brought to North America, where he became the slave of Mr. 
 John Low, a resident of Newark, New Jersey. While iri Mr. 
 Low's service, Catp's daughter named Lavine was born, who 
 in 1759 gave birth to Dorine, John Baker's mother. The date 
 of Dorine's birth is established, from the following facts : Mr. 
 Low's daughter Margaret married Dr. Farrand (a physician 
 living in the State of New York) in 1752 or 1753. In 1759 
 Mrs. Farrand gave birth to a daughter named Hannah, who 
 afterwards married Joseph Anderson, a lieutenant in the King's 
 Royal Regiment of New York.* It was a well-known tradition 
 in the Farrand family that Hannah Farrand and the daughter 
 of the slave Lavine were born in the same year. 
 
 In 1763 Elizabeth Low, another daughter of John Low, 
 married James Gray, who had been a captain in the 42nd 
 Regiment (the Black Watch), and had sold out after the taking 
 
 '* Joseph Anderson and his wife Hannah Farrand, were the author's maternal 
 grandfather and grandmother. 
 
Old Eastern District, 3igv. 
 
 of Havana, in the Island of Cuba, in 1762. Whether Lavine.. 
 and her daughter Dorine, or Dorine alone, was given to Mrs. 
 Gray by her father, is not distinctly known, but it was known 
 that Dorine was the property of the Grays, and that when the 
 breaking up of families began in 1776, Captain Gray and his 
 wife, and their nephew and neices, Jacob Farrand and Hannah 
 and Catherine Farrand (children of Dr. and Mrs. Margaret 
 Farrand), came to Canada, and brought with them Dorine, 
 then in her seventeenth year. Captain Gray and his nephew 
 got commissions in the King's Royal Regiment of New York, 
 the former as major of the 1st Battalion, the latter as ensign. 
 Mrs. Gray remained at Sorel or Montreal. At the latter place 
 Hannah Farrand married Joseph Anderson, a lieutenant in the 
 same regiment. Dorine remained with Mrs. Gray and married 
 a German named Baker, by whom she had a large family, of 
 whom Simon was the oldest, John the second. When the 
 regiment was broken up in 1784, Major Gray, his wife and son 
 Robert Isaac Dey Gray, left Montreal, bringing with them 
 Dorine and her husband and family, and settled at Gray's 
 Creek, about three miles east of the Town of Cornwall. Joseph 
 Anderson and his wife settled about a mile and a half west of 
 the town. On the death of Col. Gray in 1795, Dorine and her 
 children became the property of his son, Robert Isaac Dey 
 Gray, who was a lawyer. He practiced in Cornwall for a short 
 time, and went to York, where he was appointed Solicitor- 
 General of Upper Canada in 1797. When he went to York to 
 reside he took with him Simon Baker as his body servant. 
 
 In the winter of 1803-04, Robert I. D. Gray went to 
 Albany. On his return he wrote a letter to his cousin, Mrs. 
 Catherine Valentine,* dated at Kingston, February 16, 1804,, 
 of which the following is an extract : " I saw some of our old 
 friends while in the States.' None was I more happy to meet 
 than Lavine, Dorine's mother. Just as I was leaving Albany 
 I heard from our cousin, Mrs. Garret Staats, who is living in 
 
 * Mrs. Valentine was Catherine Farrand, sister of Mrs. Joseph Anderson. 
 She married John Valentine, adjutant of the 1st Battalion, K.R:R.,N.Y. 
 
.320 Lunenburgh, or the 
 
 Albany, that Lavine was living in a tavern with a man of the 
 name of Bramley. I immediately employed a friend of mine 
 (Mr. Ramsay, of Albany,) to negotiate with the man for the 
 purchase of her. He did so, stating that I wished to buy her 
 freedom, in consequence of which the man Teadily complied 
 with my wishes, and although he declared she was worth to 
 him ;^ioo.o.o, he gave her to me for $50.00. When I saw her 
 she was overjoyed, and appeared as happy as any person could 
 be at the idea of seeipg her child Dorine and her children once 
 more, with whom, if Dorine wishes it, she will willingly spend 
 the remainder of her days. I could not avoid doing this act ; 
 the opportunity seemed to have been thrown in my way by 
 Providence, and I could not resist. She is a good servant yet, 
 healthy and strong, and among you you may find her useful. 
 I have promised her that she may work as much or as, little as 
 she pleases, while she lives ; but from the character I have of 
 her, idleness is not her pleasure." Mr. Gray adds : " I saw 
 old Cato, Lavine's father, at Newark,* while I was at Colonel 
 Ogden's. He is living with Mrs. Governeur, is well taken care 
 of, and blind ; poor fellow came to feel me, for he could not 
 see. He asked affectionately after the family." Lavine came 
 to Canada and lived for the remainder of her life in the family 
 of Judge Anderson, near Cornwall. 
 
 In one of the Toronto papers published on the isth of 
 December, 1869, John Baker's story is given in his own words, 
 of which the author takes the liberty of giving the following 
 copy. He says : " I was born at Quebec, but brought up at 
 Gray's Creek. My mother Dorine was from Guinea.f My 
 father was a Dutchman ; he married mother at Gray's Creek. 
 Mr. Gray was colonel of a Scotch regiment, :|: and wore kilts ; 
 
 * New Jersey.' 
 
 + Iohn is mistaken on this ]3oint. His great grandfather, Cato, came from 
 Guinea; his mother was born in the Province of New Yorl<. 
 
 t Another error of John's. Col. Gray served first as ensign in Lord Loudon's 
 Regiment in 1745, and afterwards as captain in the 42nd until 1762 or 1763. He 
 was on half pay as major of the 1st Battalion, K.,R.R., X.Y., when he lived at 
 Gray's Creek. 
 
Old Eastern District. 321 
 
 was married in the United States. I came to liv^ at Gray's 
 Creek when a boy. Col. Gray's son, Robert Isaac Dey Gray, 
 was his only child, and went to school in Quebec. He was 
 member of Parliament for thirteen years running, and became 
 Solicitor-General. He studied here with Mr. Jacob Farrand, 
 to whom he was related. The Colonel had much property ; 
 he was strict and sharp, made us wear deerskin shirts and 
 deerskin jackets, and gave us many a flogging. At these 
 times he would pull off my jacket, and the rawhide would fly 
 around my shoulders very fast. My brother Simon was older 
 than me, and was Solisary (sic for Solicitor-General) Gray's 
 body servant. He dressed up Simon better than himself. He 
 took him to Toronto with him. After Col. Gray died, Mrs. Gray 
 lived with the family of Judge* Anderson, who lived about two 
 miles and a half west of Cornwall, till she died some years after-f* 
 and I lived with Mr. Farrand. He used to go joui-neys on 
 horseback, when I would go with him, having his valise strap- 
 ped on my back ; he rode like a tartar, and the valise used to 
 knock on my back as I galloped after. I lived three years in 
 Toronto in a large white house north of the landing. We had 
 in the house Solisary Gray, Simon, two black women, and 
 myself The people were very proud and grand them times. 
 Simon was master's body servant, and dressed finer than his 
 master, with a beaver hat and gold chain. Solisary Gray had 
 land all over the world. Did not know of Mr. White. Heard 
 of the duel,J it was before my time. Governor Hunter was a 
 severe and wicked old nian. He wore leather breeches. In 
 one pocket he carried tobacco, in another snuff. When giving 
 orders he would take out a handful of snuff, and it would fall 
 over his white ruffled shirt. He always wore shoes with silver 
 buckles ; never saw him with a boot on. He ordered the trial 
 
 * This should be Captain Joseph Anderson. Judge ,\nderson lived east of" 
 Cornwall. 
 
 fiSoo. 
 
 X A duel between Attorney-General Whyte and Mr. John Small, which was 
 fought on the peninsula, opposite York, in January, 1800, with a fatal result to- 
 Mr. White. Mr. Small was tried for murder but acquitted. 
 
:322 LuTienburgh, or the 
 
 of the Indian at Presque Isle. The weather was stormy. Mr. 
 Gray did not want to go, but Gov. Hunter insisted. Master 
 took Simon with him. The schooner started between four and 
 five in the afternoon, and we heard of the loss the next morn- 
 ing ; a brig called the 'Toronto' coming up brought the news. 
 Lawyer Weeks, too, had ridden down to attend the trial, and 
 came back next day. None of the bodies were ever found. 
 There were about twenty houses in Toronto then. I went and 
 stayed at Judge Powel's for six months. Then a recruiting 
 party came along ; I listed to go to New Brunswick. Judge 
 Powel ' paid the smart ' for me seven times. He then said 
 that if I went again and listed I must go. I said ' thank you, 
 sir,' but the second night after I was at the rendezvous and 
 listed again. Col. Allan swore me in and dragged me away. 
 Pirst we went to New Brunswick; stayed around that ugly, 
 miserable place for three years, till our time expired. Col. 
 Drummond, afterwards killed at Fort Erie, was our colonel, 
 and Col. Moodie, who was shot on Yonge street, was lieu- 
 tenant-colonel. When our time was out. Col. Moodie paraded 
 our regiment, made us a speech, and called on all who wished 
 "to list to hold up their right hands. All in the ten companies 
 •did so. We were after this at Lundy's Lane, Fort Erie, and 
 Sackett's Harbor. We were at Waterloo, when Col. Hatch 
 commanded us; the 104th Regiment was ours. I saw Napo- 
 leon. He was a chunky little fellow; he rode hard and jumped 
 ditches. After that we came back to Canada, and got our 
 discharges in Montreal. I liked the service. If I were young 
 and supple I would not be out of the army. The Queen now 
 gives me a pension. Some of my sisters are still living near 
 this. I and mother were freed by Solisary Gray's will. We 
 got a little of the money he left for us, but not much." 
 
 In 1804, a man named Cosens had killed an Indian, 
 whose brother, failing to find Cosens, killed John Sharpe in 
 revenge. Lieutenant-Governor Hunter ordered the trial of the 
 Indian to be held at Presque Isle, near Brighton,, then a some- 
 %vhat important place. The Government schooner, " Speedy," 
 
Old Eastern District. 323 
 
 •Captain Paxton, was detailed to take the court party from 
 York to the place of trial. It was late in the autumn of 1804, 
 the weather was stormy. The " Speedy," never a strong craft, 
 was unseaworthy. Hull, spars and sails were out of order, 
 and the captain remonstrated strongly against venturing out 
 at that season of the year, but the Governor was peremptory 
 and the vessel sailed, having on board in addition to her crew, 
 Judge Cochrane, A. McDonell, sheriff of the Home District ; 
 Mr. Gray and his servant, Simon ; John Fiske, the high con- 
 stable ; the Indian prisoner, and some other persons. Mr. 
 Gray, who dreaded the voyage, had made arrangements to go 
 down on horseback with Mr. Weeks, a barrister, who was 
 going to the court, but the judge urged him so strongly to 
 make the voyage with him, that he consented. The " Speedy " 
 sailed and had nearly reached her destination when she was 
 -Struck by a sudden squall, and sank with all on board. 
 No trace of the vessel or of any who were on board of her was 
 ever seen again. 
 
 At the time of Mr. Gray's death, slavery was still in ex- 
 istence in Upper Canada. The Statute 33, Geo. Ill, Chap. 7, 
 passed on the 9th of July, 1793, prohibited the importation of 
 slaves. It did not liberate any negro then in a state of slavery, 
 but provided for the emancipation of children of slaves on 
 reaching the age of 25 years. 
 
 Mr. Gray made his will on the 27th of August, 1804, the 
 third paragraph of which is as follows: "I feel it a duty incum- 
 bent on me, in consequence of the long and faithfnl services of 
 Dorine, my black woman servant, rendered to my family, to 
 release, manumit and discharge her from the state of slavery 
 in which she now is, and to give her and all her children their 
 freedom. My will therefore is, that she be released, and I 
 hereby accordingly release, manumit and discharge the said 
 Dorine, and all and every of her said children, both male and 
 female, from slavery, and declare them and every of them to 
 be free." The fourth clause is in these words : " And in order 
 that provisions may be made for the said Dorine and her 
 
324 Lutienbmgh, or the 
 
 children, and that she may not want after my decease, my will 
 is, and I hereby empower my executors, out of my real estate 
 to raise the sum of twelve hundred pounds currency, and place 
 the same in some solvent and secure fund, and the interest 
 arising from the same I give and bequeath to the said Dor- 
 ine, her heirs and assigns for ever, to be paid annually."* 
 
 To his servant, Simon, he left all his wearing apparel and. 
 his silver watch, and also two hundred acres of land, lot 
 number ii, in the first concession of Whitby. 
 
 He gave to John, his other black servant, two hundred 
 acres of land, lot number 17 in the second concession of 
 Whitby. He also gave to Simon and John, each fifty pounds. 
 
 John Baker remained in York after Mr. Gray's death, un- 
 til he enlisted, and he appears to have been in the army until 
 after the battle of Waterloo. It is not known in what corps 
 he was serving at that time. It could not have been the 104th, 
 as that regiment did not take any part in the action."!- After 
 his discharge, he came back to Cornwall, where he proved 
 himself to be an industrious, hard-working man, until old age 
 and infirmity incapacitated him for labour. Some ten years 
 or so before his death, a pension of one shilling sterling a day 
 was procured for him from the British Government. The 
 author paid him the first quarter's pension and well remembers- 
 the old man's pleasure at receiving the long delayed recogni- 
 tion of his services, and his joyful shout of " God save Queen 
 Victoria.'' For the last few years of his life, he was to be seen 
 daily, limping down to the store of the late P. E. Adams, on 
 Pitt street, where he did odd jobs, and in the interval took a 
 seat in one particular part of the store, where it is said that 
 the floor was worn away in the place where his feet rested. He 
 died on the i8th of January, 1871, the last of those who had 
 been slaves in the old provinces of Quebec and Upper Canada. 
 
 * The executors of the will, instead of raising the sum of ;^i,200 out of the- 
 real estate, set apart 2,150 acres, which were sold and the proceeds divided be- 
 tween Dorine and her children. 
 
 + See Alison's History of Europe. 
 
flfl^ ^ 
 
 Old Eastern District. 
 
 325-. 
 
 It was believed that he was one hundred and four or five years- 
 of age at the time of his death, but the facts of the case as- 
 already shown, appear to be against this behef His mother 
 was born in 1759; she came to Quebec wi^h the Gray family 
 in 1776, when she was seventeen, and her sons, Simon and John,, 
 were born in Quebec. Simon was the elder of the two, and it 
 is not probable that John was born before 1778, which would 
 make him 93 in 1871. ^, 
 
 .-..■■( 
 
326 Lunenburgh, or the 
 
 CHAPTER XXXVII. 
 
 SHORT ACCOUNT. OF THE WAR OF l8l2 — LIST OF ACTIONS 
 IN CANADA AND ON THE FRONTIER — LIST OF THOSE 
 WHO GOT MEDALS— PENSIONERS. 
 
 The United States of America declared war against Great 
 Britain on the 27th of June, 1812, and expected to make an 
 easy conquest of Canada. The Regular troops in the Pro- 
 vinces amounted at that time to barely 4,000 men, to which, 
 if 1,300 Fencibles and 500 Artillery are added, the force for 
 the protection of the vast frontier of some 1,000 miles in ex- 
 tent was only 5,800 men. Of this number there was only one 
 regiment, the 41st, about 600 men, west of Kingston. The 
 population of Upper Canada did not exceed 80,000 souls, while 
 that of Lower Canada was about 220,000. On the other hand, 
 the population of the United States had increased since the 
 Revolution and numbered 8,000,000. In point of numbers 
 the odds were more than twenty to one against Canada. The 
 American Congress sanctioned the enlisting of 25,000 men to 
 ' form a Regular army to act in conjunction with 50,000 Volun- 
 teers who came forward, while 100,000' Militiamen were called 
 out to guard the sea coast and defend the land frontiers.* The 
 armed force called out by the United States, 175,000 men, 
 outnumbered the total male population of all British North 
 America capable of bearing arms. 
 
 The population of Upper Canada able to bear arms was 
 not more than 10,000, of whom there were embodied for service 
 550 Cavalry, 350 Artillery, 55 Artificers, and 4,500 Infantry. 
 In Lower Canada the Provincial force consisted of embodied 
 
 * See Garneau's History of Canada. 
 
Old Eastern District. 327 
 
 Militia S,oi2, Voltigeurs 567, Chasseurs 538,' and Col. Des- 
 •chambeault's Militia 500. There were also for a few months 
 ■other battalions, numbering 3,638 men, besides 12,606 men 
 ■called out for short periods varying from a few days to two 
 months, making a total of 28,316 Militiamen for Upper and 
 Lower Canada.* The Regular troops serving in Canada 
 ■during the first twenty months of the war were one battaUon 
 ■of the 1st Foot, the 8th or King's Own, loth Royal Veterans, 
 one battalion of the 13th, the 40th, 41st, 49th, 70th, 89th, 
 looth, 103rd, I04th-t- New Brunswick Regiments, the Royal 
 Newfoundland Regiment, DeMeuron's, DeWattville's, the 
 ■Canadian Fencibles and the Glengarry Regiment,;!: the 19th 
 -Light Dragoons, about 800 Royal Marines and Seamen, and 
 500 Royal Artillery and Engineers. In the summer of 1814 
 ■-several regiments (about 16,060 men) thit had served in Spain 
 under Lord Wellington were sent to Canada. § 
 
 The following is a list of the actions fought in Canada 
 :and along the frontier during the war : || 
 
 June 1 — Attack on Isle Aux Noix, won by the British. 
 July I — Raid on Plattsburg, won by the British. 
 
 3T-Naval engagement near Amherstburg, won by the British. 
 1 7 — Capture of Fort Mackinaw by the British. 
 29 — Engagement near Anjierstburg won by the British. 
 -Aug. 7 — Double attack on Amherstburg, won by the British. 
 9 — Stores captured npar Detroit by the British. 
 
 16 — Taking of Detroit by th^ British under General Brock, whose force con- 
 sisted of 700 regulars and militia and 600 Indians. The American 
 general, Hull, surrendered with his whole force, amountmg to 2,500 
 men. 
 :Sep. 9 — Raid on Gananoque, won by the Americans. 
 -Oct. 4 — Attack on Ogdensburg, repulsed by the Americans. 
 
 * See McMillaii's History of Canada. 
 
 + The 8th and 104th Regiments were sent during the winter of 1813 over 
 3and from New Brunswick to Canada. 
 
 X The Glengarry Light Infantry. 
 
 §The 8ist was one of them. 
 
 II See McMillan's History of Cana4a, and the-" Globe " of 21st March, 1876. 
 
328 Lunenburgk, or the 
 
 Oct. g — Brigs " Detroit " and " Caledonia " taken on the lake by the Americans- 
 13 — Battle of Queenstown, won by the British. General Bryck killed. 
 23 — St. Regis taken by the Americans. A counter attack was made suc- 
 cessfully by the British a few days later. 
 Nov. 20 — Kingston bombarded by the Americans. 
 — Battle of LacoUe, won by the British. 
 23 — Post at Salmon River, taken by the British. 
 27 — Engagement near Chippewa, won by the British. 
 
 1813. 
 
 Jan. 19 — Skirmish on the River Raisin, won by the British. 
 
 22 — American Army taken prisoners at Frenchtown by the British. 
 Feb. 6 — Raid on Brockville by the Americans. 
 
 22 — Ogdensburg taken, by the British under Major McDonell, with a force of 
 480 regulars and militia. This success prevented any further forays 
 by the Americans on that part of the frontier. 
 Ap'1 27 — York taken by the Americans after a resistance of seven hours duration 
 
 by the small British garrison. 
 Way 5 — Attack on Fort Meigs abandoned by the British after they had repulsed 
 with heovy loss, a sortie of the garrison. The British carried off all 
 their guns and stores, 
 27 — ^Fort George, Niagara, taken by the Americans. 
 
 — Block Houses Barracks and stores at Sackett's Harbour taken and burned 
 by the British. 
 June 3 — Capture of the "Growler" and "Eagle" by the British on Lake 
 Champlain. 
 5 — Battle of Stoney Creek, won by the British. , Col. Harvey with 700 Can- 
 adians and regulars of the Sth and 49th Regiments, attacked the Amer- 
 ican troops, 3,500 strong, at night, and utterly routed them. 
 8 — The American provision depot at Stoney Cregk taken. by the British. The 
 Americans made a hurried retreat from Forty Mile Creek, on the ap? 
 pearance of the British fleet, under Commodore Veo, aba.ndoning their 
 tents, provisions and wounded. 
 19 — An American provision depot at Great Sodus, taken by the British. 
 28 — Battle of Beaver Dam, won by the British, *Lieut. Fitzgibbon and Capt. 
 Ker, commanding. The British force of 34 men of the 104th and 200 ■ 
 Indians, defeated and captured 650 Americans under Col. Boeratler, 
 Major De Haren, who came up after the surrender,, took charge of the- 
 prisoners. 
 July 4 — Fort Schlosser, opposite Chippewa, taken by the British. 
 
 II — A naval depot at Black R.ock, on the Niagara river, taken by theBritish^ 
 
 * June 28— -Mrs. Laura Secord, of Chippewa, whose husband had been-, 
 wounded at Queenstown, and whose house had been plundered and destroyed by- 
 the Americans, walked nineteen miles through the woods to inform Fitzgibbon, 
 who was in command at Beaver Dam, of Boer^fler's. intended, attack. 
 
Om Eastern District. 329 
 
 July 21 — A flotilla of 15 bjttteaux and a gun boat taken by tlie Americans near the 
 Thousand Islands. 
 23 — Tj'he American fleet attacked- York, which had been left defenceless, and 
 retired after having burned the, barracks and public store houses, and 
 iU-treated some of the inhabitants. 
 25 — Attack on Fort Meigs, abandoned by the British. 
 31 — Attack on Burlington Heights, won by the British. 
 
 — Plattsburg taken, and arsenal, store-houses and barracks burned by the 
 British, who carried off a large quantity of military stores ; they also 
 burned four vessels at Burlington, and the public stores at Swanton and 
 Champlain. 
 Aug. 2 — Attack on Fort Stephenson, repulsed by the Americans. 
 -Sep. 10 — Naval battle off Put-in Bay, won by the Americans. 
 
 29 — Attack on Odelltown, won by the British. 
 ■Oct. 3 — Americans repulsed at Four Corners. 
 
 5- — Battle of the Thames, won by the Americans. 
 — Six schooners, with 250 soldiers on board, proceeding from York to King- 
 ston, without convoy, were captured by the Americans. 
 26 — Battle of Chateauguay, won Ijy the British. Col. De Salaberry, with a 
 small force of Canadian Voltigeurs, about 400 men and a regiment of 
 Fencibles, under Col. Geo. McDonell, numbering 600, composed of 
 French Canadians and a. few Glengarry men, routed General Hamp- 
 ton's army. 
 IS'ov. II — Battle of Crysler's Farm, won by the British. 
 
 l5ec. 12 — Abandonment of Fort George and burning of the town of Niagara by the 
 Americans. They destroyed every house in the town but one, and 
 turned 400 helpless womeh and children into the streets at half an 
 hour's notice. 
 18 — Taking of Fort Niagara, followed by , the capture and burning of Lewis- 
 ton, 'i'oungstown, Manchester and Tuscurora by the British. 
 28 — Black Rock and Buffalo taken and burned with three vessels of Perry's 
 squadron, by the British. The burning of these places, was in revenge 
 . for the destruction of Niagara. 
 29^-Taking of Fort Erie by the British. 
 
 Mar. 15 — Attack on Burtonville, won by the British. 
 
 30— Major Handcock with 500 men, Canadians, Voltigeurs. Fencibles and 
 Militia, and two companies of the 13th Regiment, defeated General 
 Wilkinson's army of 5,000 Americans, at LacoUe Mill. 
 May 6 — Oswego taken by the British. 
 
 31— Attack at Sandy Creek, won bv the Americans. 
 July 3— Taking of Fort Erie by the Americans. 
 
 5_Attack on Fort Chippewa, lost Ijy the British. 
 19-^Taking of Fort La Prairie du Chien by the British. 
 
330 Ltinenburgh, or the 
 
 July 25 — Burning of St. David's village by the Americans. 
 
 25 — Battle of Lundy's Lane, won by the British. 
 Aug. 4 — Attack on Fort Michiliraackinaw, repulsed by the British. 
 
 14 — Engagement near Fort Erie, won by the Americans. 
 Sep. 5 — Capture of the " Scorpion " and "Tigress" near Michilimackinaw by the 
 British. 
 II — Naval battle off Plattsburg, won by the Americans. Attack on Platts- 
 
 burg abandoned by the British. 
 17 — Sortee from Fort Erie repulsed by the British, who raised the seige and' 
 retired on the 21st, unmolested. 
 Oct. — The Americans blew up the works at Fort Erie, and abandoned the place. 
 In the months of July, August and September, that part of Maine, 
 between Penobscot River and New Brunswick, was taken possession of 
 by the British, and remained under their rule till the close of the war. 
 
 The war lasted two years and a half, when the Government 
 at Washington, finding that their sea coast was dominated by 
 the British fleet, that their attacks on Canada had all failed^ 
 and that their trade was being destroyed, asked for peace^ 
 which was agreed to, and the treaty signed at Ghent on the- 
 24th"of December, 1814. 
 
 In 1847, medals wei'e granted by Her Majesty to the 
 survivors of those who fought and conquered at Detroit,. 
 Crysler's Farm and Chateauguay. In accordance with the 
 orders then in force regulating the granting of medals, they 
 were awarded for those actions only where the General or 
 superior officers of the armies or corps engaged had already 
 received that distinction, consequently the order did not in- 
 clude some of the hardest fought battles in Canada. The 
 Honorable Hamilton Merritt brought resolutions on the sub- 
 ject before the Canadian House of Parliament in September,. 
 1852, but nothing came of his motion, and many of the 
 survivors of the war got no distinguishing token of their 
 services. 
 
 On the 26th of August, 1852, Lieutenant-Colonel Donald 
 McDonell, Deputy Adjutant-General for Canada West, pub- 
 lished a notice in the " Canada Gazette," giving the following- 
 list of the names of those to whom' medals had been awarded : 
 
Old Eastern District, 
 
 33» 
 
 RANK. 
 
 NAMES. 
 
 ACTION. 
 
 Private 
 
 Adams, Thomas 
 
 Detroit 
 
 (t 
 
 ' Augustine, Alex. 
 
 ({ 
 
 Master 
 
 Arcvison, Gustavus 
 
 (t 
 
 Private 
 
 Arkland, Charles 
 
 Crysler's Farm 
 
 11 
 
 Brooks, James 
 
 Detroit 
 
 (C 
 
 Bezeau, Peter 
 Buckendile, George 
 
 << 
 
 " 
 
 Belain, Paul 
 
 .a 
 
 " 
 
 Brigham, Brewster 
 
 " 
 
 ('( 
 
 Cole, Charles' 
 
 (( 
 
 " 
 
 Carey, Georeje 
 
 (( 
 
 (f 
 
 Cameford, John 
 
 " 
 
 " 
 
 Cassidy, Peter 
 
 (C 
 
 IC 
 
 Cavanagh, Francis 
 
 " 
 
 l( 
 
 Cornell, Aaron 
 
 Chateauguay 
 
 (C 
 
 Deaggon, L. 
 
 Detroit 
 
 iC 
 
 Delacamp, Jacob 
 Davis, Robert 
 Freese, Peter 
 
 (c 
 
 Ensign 
 
 Fortier, Charles 
 
 (( 
 
 Private 
 
 Finch, George 
 Graham, Richard 
 Glassner, William ' 
 Glennon, Bernard 
 Gaulet, Francois 
 
 
 (( 
 
 Gourlay, Francis 
 Gordon, Michael 
 
 '* 
 
 Sergeant 
 
 Grant, John 
 
 Ci^ysler's Farm' 
 
 Private 
 
 Glass, George 
 
 a t( 
 
 (( 
 
 Garton, James 
 
 Chateauguay 
 
 " 
 
 Heron, Andrew 
 
 Detfoit 
 
 " 
 
 Harrison, William 
 
 , (( 
 
 Captain 
 
 Hall, George B. 
 
 " 
 
 Private 
 
 Johnson, Moses 
 
 (( 
 
 (t 
 
 Jones, William 
 
 (t 
 
 t« 
 
 Jewell, Ebenezer 
 
 Chateauguay 
 
 " 
 
 Kennedy, Andrew 
 
 Detroit 
 
 (t 
 
 Kitchen, Wheeler 
 
 cc 
 
 " 
 
 Kintner, Conrad 
 
 Crysler's Farm 
 
 " 
 
 Laberte, Claude 
 
 Detroit 
 
 " 
 
 Lee, Francis 
 
 (( 
 
 (( 
 
 Lawrason, Thomas 
 
 " 
 
 (£ 
 
 Langvin, Joseph 
 
 Cryslerjs Farm 
 
 Sergeant 
 
 Langlois, Joseph 
 
 Detroit 
 
332 
 
 Lunenburgh, or the 
 
 RANK. 
 
 NAMES. 
 
 ACTION. 
 
 Prii 
 
 •ate 
 
 Lamaisl, Jolin 
 LaRose, Pierte 
 Lebeaii, John 
 
 Detroit 
 1 <t 
 
 
 
 Lecompt, Joseph 
 
 e; ^ 
 
 
 
 McKay, Angus • 
 
 Crysler's Farm 
 
 
 
 Moore, George 
 
 Detroit 
 
 
 
 Miller, Jacob 
 
 t< 
 
 
 
 McDonald, John 
 
 " 
 
 
 
 McDonald, Archibald 
 
 (t 
 
 Captain 
 
 Metcalf, Henry 
 
 f ( 
 
 Private 
 
 Neville, Edward 
 
 u 
 
 
 
 O'Neil, Joseph 
 
 " 
 
 
 
 Pelkie, Peter 
 
 cc 
 
 
 
 Pringle, Henry 
 
 " 
 
 
 
 Perrault, Louis 
 
 (C 
 
 
 
 Plomerfelt, Cornelius 
 
 (C 
 
 
 
 Ponds, William 
 
 (( 
 
 
 
 Peltier, Louis 
 
 Crysler's Farm 
 
 
 
 Parent, Isaac 
 
 Detroit 
 
 
 
 Reed, James 
 
 f ( 
 
 
 
 Roach, Morris 
 
 " 
 
 
 
 Runnions, Benjamin 
 
 " 
 
 
 
 Roberts, Robert 
 
 (i - 
 
 
 
 Roy, Coleman 
 
 " 
 
 
 
 Read, Guy 
 
 Crysler's Farm 
 
 
 
 Stuart, James 
 
 Detroit 
 
 
 
 Simpson, Thomas 
 
 " 
 
 
 
 Stewart, Charles 
 
 " 
 
 
 
 Sterling, Mark 
 
 " 
 
 
 
 Shaw, John 
 
 (C 
 
 
 
 Shadwick, P. 
 
 " 
 
 
 
 Sinclair, Samuel 
 
 (C 
 
 
 
 SoUie, Michael 
 Snelling, Asa 
 Styles, Martin, 
 Stenhoof, Benjamin 
 
 
 
 
 Shamerar, James 
 
 
 
 
 Stoner, Peter . 
 
 " 
 
 
 
 Strader, John 
 
 Crysler's Farm 
 
 
 
 Shaver, Edward 
 
 (C u 
 
 
 
 St. Etienne, John 
 
 CI 
 
 
 
 . Thompson, Andrew 
 
 Detroit 
 
 
 
 Thompson, Robert 
 
 Crysler's Farm 
 
 
 
 Vickers, Benjamin 
 
 Detroit 
 
Old Eastern District. 
 
 333 
 
 TIANK. 
 
 Private 
 
 ACTKDX. 
 
 Detroit 
 
 Wells, Robert 
 Whittle, John 
 Whittle, Thomas 
 _ Wilfong, Jonas 
 Wilfong, Joseph 
 Wells, John 
 Williams. John 
 Woodley, Mathias 
 Wilkinson, A. 
 Wood, Thomas 
 Yayle, Adam 
 
 In 187s, the Dominion Goveirnment granted a, sum of 
 $50,000 to pay pensions to the survivors of the Militiamen of 
 Canada who served during the war of 181 2. Two thousand 
 five hundred of the survivors were paid $20.00 each in 1876 ; 
 fifty-four who did not apply until the grant of $50,000 was 
 exhausted, were not paid until the following year. The pen- 
 sion has been continued annually to each veteran during life. 
 The following is a table of the ages of the pensioners in 1876 : 
 
 Age. 
 
 Number. 
 
 Age. 
 
 Number. 
 
 Age. 
 
 Number. 
 
 74 
 
 2 
 
 85 
 
 170 
 
 95 
 
 12 
 
 / 
 y '75 ' 
 
 4 
 
 86 
 
 119 
 
 96 
 
 6 
 
 76 
 
 7 
 
 87 
 
 84 
 
 97 
 
 4 
 
 n 
 
 60 
 
 88 
 
 58 
 
 98 
 
 3 
 
 78 
 
 187 
 
 89 
 
 47 
 
 99 
 
 2 
 
 79 
 
 231 
 
 90 
 
 54 
 
 100 
 
 2 
 
 80 
 
 269 
 
 91 
 
 25 
 
 lOI 
 
 I 
 
 81 
 
 250 
 
 92 
 
 27 
 
 102 
 
 I 
 
 82 
 
 289 
 
 93 
 
 18 
 
 103 
 
 3 
 
 83 
 
 223 
 
 94 
 
 14 1 
 
 Unknown. 
 
 48 
 
 "84 
 
 234 
 
 -- 
 
 — 
 
 
 
334 Luttenbufgh, or the 
 
 CHAPTER XXXVIII. 
 
 ODDS AND ENDS — EXTRACTS FROM OLD NEWSPAPERS CON- 
 TAINING MATTERS CURIOUS AND INTERESTING. 
 
 Verbatim et literatim copy of a letter from Sir William 
 Johnson, taken from the " Argus," published at Albany, 2ist 
 
 March, 1886: * 
 
 New York, Thursday Feb. 20th, :755. 
 Dear Sir : — 
 
 After five Days passage I got here, where I found the Assembly ready to 
 break up, after having allowed six thousands pounds for Albany Fortifications, 
 three thousand Pounds for Schenectady & one thousand for KinderHook, ;if20,ooo 
 for New York — the rest of the forty-five thousand pounds which is to be struck 
 is left in the Treasury for other services. We have no acctt yet here of the 
 Troops arrivall in Virginia, + there is a report that some of the store ships ar- 
 rived. As for raising men or companys as was talked of I find nothjng of it 
 Here. If there was, be assured I should not be backward in doing what I 
 promised 
 
 As I am your 
 The Assembly broke up yesterday Sincere Friend 
 
 and sett of this Day for their respective & Hearty Wei Wisher 
 
 Homes after passing 3 Bills viz one for Wm. Johnson. 
 
 the ;i^45,ooo another to prevent provisions 
 being sent to Cape Breton or Elsewhere 
 on this Continent to the French the 3d is 
 the Militia Act wh is Verry full & Strict. 
 Adieu In Haste, 
 
 The following extracts are from the " Upper Canada 
 Gazette." 
 
 The number for 26th July, 1 8 1 8, gives an account of an 
 innovation in medical practice tried by Dr. Everard Home,\ 
 viz. : the injection of medicine into the veins of a patient. 
 
 * Lent the author by Mr. A. Stafford. 
 
 f The 44th and 48th Regiments, under General Braddock. 
 
Old Eastern District. 335: 
 
 The issue of the same paper of loth September, gives an 
 account of a temperance society formed at Hector, Seneca 
 County, New York State ; Caleb Smith, President, Dr. Alex.- 
 McG. Comstock, Secretary. The society advocated total 
 abstinence and prohibition. 
 
 The sea serpent haunted the Atlantic coast seventy years 
 ago, as the number for 17th September, 1818, informs its 
 readers "that the monster had been seen off Gloucester, Mass- 
 achusetts." 
 
 In the. same month, an improvement in the manufacture 
 of paper is mentioned : the introduction of an endless revolv- 
 ing wire web, on which the ordinary paper moulds were carried 
 forward in endless succession. 
 
 'On the 1st of October, 1818, an account is giVen of the 
 fall of part of the table rock at Niagara Falls. 
 
 From the number issued on the 19th of October, 181 8, it 
 appears that the dispute about the fisheries was going on, 
 much as it does now, seventy years later. 
 
 The trial of Cuthbert Grant and "fifteen others for the 
 murder of Governor Robert Semple at Red River on the 19th 
 of June, 1 816, took place in 1818. 
 
 July 23rd, 1818, an account is given of a meeting held at 
 Cornwall, in answer to an advertisement issued by Robert 
 Gourlay, calling on the land owners of Cornwall to assemble 
 and appoint a fit person to draft an address to the Prince 
 Regent respecting grievances said to exist in Upper Canada:. 
 On the 6th of July, the time appointed, many of the most 
 respectable of the inhabitants of the Township and Town of 
 Cornwall met to deliberate on the subject of the advertisement. 
 Samuel Anderson, Esq.,* was elected chairman, and Archibald 
 McLean, Esq., clerk. Resolutions were passed, expressing 
 perfect satisfaction with the constitution, denying that there 
 were any grievances but what the representatives of the people 
 had ample means of redressing without making representations 
 to the Prince Regent, and appointing John McDonald, Joshua 
 
 * Then aged 8l. 
 
336 
 
 Lunenburgh, or the 
 
 
 £ s. d. 
 
 Eamon, Jacob 
 
 . 2 10 
 
 Fetterley, Philip 
 
 3 10 o 
 
 Fetterley, Peter . 
 
 ■ 57 4 
 
 French, Albert 
 
 20 O O 
 
 Gallinger, Henry . 
 
 ■ 8 13 3 
 
 Haines, Jacob 
 
 74 11 9 
 
 Randall — . 
 
 . 4 10 o 
 
 Runyons, Henry 
 
 154 6 
 
 Shaver, Peter 
 
 500 
 
 Vankoughnet, John 
 
 5 9 6 
 
 Y. CozenSj Arch'd McLean and Guy Carleton Wood, Esquires, 
 a committee to draft a petition to the Provincial Legislature, 
 requesting their attention to the subject of lands for the Mili- 
 tiamen who served in the late war with the United States, and 
 payment of losses to those who suffered in the same war. 
 
 The war losses incurred in the Eastern District are given 
 
 in the " Upper Canada Gazette" of 17th June, 1 824, as follows : 
 
 £ s. d. 
 
 Anderson, Joseph . . 85 15 6 
 
 Anderson, John . . 21 10 p 
 
 Bockhus, Stephen 40 15 o 
 
 Baker, Benjamin . . . 22 9 o 
 
 Barnhart, George . . 253 10 9 
 
 Barnhart, Henry . . . 46 5 o 
 
 Bruce, \Yilliam . . 143 o o 
 
 B/iice, Mark . 30 19 o 
 
 Cutler, Sewal . 1 10 o o 
 
 Dafoe, Conrad . .400 
 
 Earner, Michael 15 00 
 
 The following is the list of Superior Court Cirpuits in 1818 : 
 The Ho\. the Chief Justice. 
 Gore District, Hamilton . . 20th August. ■ 
 
 London District, Charlotteville . . 26th August. 
 Western District, Sandwich . . 7th September. 
 Home District, York . . 19th September. 
 
 The Hon. Mr. Justice Campbell. 
 Midland District, Kingston . ; . . loth August. 
 Johnstown District, Brockville. 2i;th August. 
 
 Eastern District, Cornwall ,8th September. 
 
 The Hon. Mr. Justice Boultox. 
 Newcastle District, Hamilton , 21st September. 
 
 Niagara District, Niagara . . 8th October. 
 
 On the 26th of July, 1818, the "Upper Canada Gazette" 
 gives an account of emigrants from New Brunswick travelling 
 with carts and horses to the Bay Quinte. 
 
 The "Upper Canada Gazette" of ist July, 1819, contains 
 the following extract from a London newspaper, showing 
 reasons why the city should not be lighted by gas, " coal gas 
 and whale oil" : " The gas company in London, England, uses 
 30,000 chaldrons of coal a year, requiring 17 ships of 300 tons 
 
Old Eastern District. 337' 
 
 each to bring it to London, each manned by 10 , men, and 100 
 men are employed in getting out the coal. The whale oil 
 fishery employs 11,000 men, who navigate 200 large ships, in 
 the fitting out of which 100,000 men are employed. Is there 
 a doubt as to which is the best nursery for seamen ?" 
 
 The Bill for the incorporation of the Bank of Upper 
 Canada was passed by the Provincial Legislature in July, 
 1819, and assented to by His Majesty George IV in 1821. 
 
 A curious piece of literary gossip is given in the " Mon- 
 treal Herald " of 15th July, 1820. It is a letter from a corres- 
 pondent, stating that Thomas Scott, brother of Walter Scott,, 
 and then serving in Canada as paymaster of the 70th Regi- 
 ment, was the author of " Waveriy," " The Antiquary," " Guy 
 Mannering" and " Rob Roy." The writer asserts that he saw 
 the manuscript of " The Antiquary" in Thomas Scott's hand- 
 writing, and that portion relating to Flora McDonald in the 
 handwriting of Mrs. Scott. 
 
 In 1820, Regular troops were stationed at Quebec, Mon- 
 treal, Sorel, Chambly, St. Johns, Isle Aux Noix, Kingston, 
 York, Niagara and P^netanguishene. Kingston, Penetan- 
 guishene and Isle Aux Noix were als,o naval stations. 
 
 The "Montreal Herald" of 3rd October, 1820, records- 
 the death of Robert Bell, aged 83. He was for thirty-one 
 years a private and master tailor in the S8th Regiment, and 
 had been wounded in the attack on Quebec imder Gen. Wolfe. 
 
 In the same paper, dated 25th October, 1820, an account 
 is given of the execution of John Wilson at Glasgow for high 
 treason. " There were two executioners. The first hanged 
 the prisoner, the second decapitated him. Wilson was driven 
 to the scaffold on ahurdle ; the second executioner, dressed 
 in black crape with a black mask, was seated before him, with 
 an axe and a knife. The prisoner was hanged for thirty 
 minutes, taken down and placed on his coffin ; his head was 
 then cut off at one blow of 'the axe, the axe sticking in the- 
 block. , The executioner then held up the head, saying,. 
 ' Behold the head of a traitor !' " 
 
.338 Limenburgh, or ifie 
 
 In 1 82 1, the population of British North America was 
 1,850,000. 
 
 It is stated in the " Montreal Herald " of 28th of March, 
 1821, that the British army was then composed of: 
 
 7 Battalions of Guards Royal Artillery and Engineers 
 
 30 Regiments of Cavalry lo Royal Veteran Battalions 
 
 93 Regiments of Foot 2 Battalions of Rifles. 
 
 The troops in British North America were : 
 
 Montreal 
 
 37th Regiment. 
 
 Nova Scotia . 
 
 . 62nd Regiment. 
 
 Quebec 
 
 . 76th Regiment. 
 
 New Brunswick . 
 
 74th Regiment. 
 
 Isle Aux Noix 
 
 60th Rifles, 1st Batt. 
 
 Upper Canada 
 
 68th Regiment. 
 
 Nova Scotia . 
 
 ,60th Rifles, 2nd Batt. 
 
 Upper Canada 
 
 70th Regiment. 
 
 An incident of the slave trade. A- London paper of 20th 
 April, 1 82 1, gives an account of the capture off the coast of 
 Africa of a boat of eleven tons, the property of the Portuguese 
 Governor, which had packed on board of her, for a voyage 
 across the Atlantic, seventy-one human beings. Their con- 
 dition is thus described by the British officer, B. M. Kelly, 
 commanding H. M. Sloop " Pheasant," who captured them : 
 " Seventeen men were shackled together in pairs by the legs ; 
 twenty boys were on the ashes in the main hold, a space of 
 eighteen feet long by seven or eight feet wide, and one foot 
 eight inches high ; and thirty-four women were in a space 
 nine feet four inches long by four feet eight inches wide, and 
 two feet seven inches high." 
 
 The "Kingston Chronicle" of 2nd November, 1821, urges 
 Canadians to manufacture for themselves. 
 
 The " Kingston Chronicle" of 27th August, 1821, gives 
 an account of the execution, at Cornwall, in that month, of 
 McGarry, Harrington, Kelly and Masters, for the murder of 
 John B. Sibert, of Williamsburg. When McGarry mounted 
 the scaffold he kicked his shoes off The author remembers 
 hearing the waggons passing his maternal grandfather's place 
 (18 in 1st con. of Cornwall) at daybreak on the morning of the 
 execution, with people going to see the hanging, and he re- 
 collects his father and grandfather speaking of McGarry's 
 
Old Eastern District. 339 
 
 ■conduct, and of his saying that his mother had always told 
 Tiim he would die with his shoes on. 
 
 The issue of the " Kingston Ghronicle" of 19th November, 
 1821, contains a proposal for the erection of a monument to 
 ■General Brock, and mentions the death of Thomas Fraser, of 
 Matilda, and gives the following Masonic anecdote : "At the 
 battle of the Cedars in 1775, Colonel McKinstry, of the Con- 
 tinental service, was wounded, and would have been killed, but 
 -was saved by Joseph Brant (Thayendanega) on his making a 
 Masonic sign for help." 
 
 The issue for 23rd August, 1822, mentions the holding of 
 meetings for and against union with Lower Canada. 
 
 The " Canadian Spectator" of i6th June, 1823, announces 
 the death, by cholera, on the 22nd of August, 1822, at Seram- 
 pore, India, of " Kishun Pall," the first Hindoo convert to the 
 Protestant faith in Bengal, baptised by Bishop Carey in 1 800. 
 
 The "Kingston Chronicle" of i8th July, 1823, gives an 
 account of the execution at Kingston, Jamaica, of twenty 
 pirates, being the captain, " Argoniz," and part of the crew of 
 the " Zaragozana," taken by H. B. M. Sloops "Tyre" and 
 " Thraeian." 
 
 The issue of the same paper on the 4th of July, 1823, 
 gives an account of a dinner of the Highland Society at IVfr. 
 T. 'Gray's inn at Martintown. Chairman, Col. Donald Mc- 
 Donell ; on his right hand, McNab, of McNab ; left hand, 
 ■Col. Fraser ; croupier, Duncan Cameron, of Glennevis ; chap- 
 lain, the Revd. Mr. McLaurin. 
 
 The same paper, dated 8th August, 1823, prognosticates 
 that Perkins' steam carriages will be run on good roads at the 
 rate of twenty-five milps an hour — a prophesy still unfulfilled. 
 
 The "Upper Canada Gazette" of 28th June, 1824, gives 
 an account of a meeting held in London, England, for the 
 purpose of establishing a line of steam vessels of 1,000 tons 
 burden, with 400 tons of coal for the voyage, to run from 
 Valentia, Ireland, to the most eastern cape of Nova Scotia, the 
 voyage to be made in a fortnight. 
 
34° Lunenburgh, or the 
 
 The "Colonial Advocate" of 5th August, 1824, states the- 
 circulation of papers in Upper Canada, as follows : 
 
 Upper Canada Gazette 
 
 300 
 
 Brockville Recorder 
 
 ■ 3°o- 
 
 York Oljserver 
 
 290 
 
 Niagara Gleaner 
 
 190 
 
 Kingston Chronicle 
 
 350 
 
 Colonial Advocate . 
 
 . 1000 
 
 Kingston Herald 
 
 420 
 
 
 
 The corner stone of the Parish Church, Montreal, (Notre 
 Dame), was laid in September, 1824. 
 
 In December, 1824, the northern wing of the House of 
 Assembly at York was burned, with its contents. The library, 
 furniture and valuables of the main building and southern 
 wing were saved. There was no fire cfompany in York at the 
 time. ("U. C. Gazette," 30th Dec, i824.)' 
 
 The London, Eng.; "Sun" of 24th August, 1824, states 
 that a meeting at Newcastle-on-Tyne decided against a rail- . 
 way between that tpwn and Carlisle, the opinion of the meeting 
 being that -nothing but a navigable canal would ensure the 
 purpose of extending the intercourse between the east and 
 west. 
 
 The issue of the same paper for Nov. Sth, 1824, mentions 
 the arrival of the " Colombus" at Margate. That of Nov. 23rd 
 states that she was lying at Blackwall. She was an immense 
 timber ship, built at Quebec in 1824. 
 
 The following are the statistics of Upper Canada in the 
 year 1824 : 
 
 Cultivated land — 1,000,000 acres. 
 
 8,067 dwellipg houses, exclusive of houses of round logs: 
 
 396 merchants' shops. 
 
 304 grist mills. , 
 
 386 saw mills. 
 
 30,774 horses over three years' old. 
 
 27,614 oxen. 
 
 67,644 milch cows. 
 
 34,975 horned cattle, two to four years' old. 
 
 469 pleasure carriages. 
 
 Valuation for assessment — .^1,967,074.13.1. 
 
 Population — 200 ,000. 
 
Old Eastern District. 34 B 
 
 In January, 1830, "The Patriot" announced the death of 
 Sir John Johnson, Bart, at the age of 88. 
 
 In February, 1830, a temperance society was formed in, 
 Kingston. 
 
 In February, 1832, there was a sale at Kingston of the- 
 hulls of the following ships, as they lay on the shore off the 
 King's dockyard there : — "St. Lawrence," of 102 guns ; "Bur- 
 lington," 42 guns ; " Kingston," 50 guns ; " Montreal," 24 guns. 
 Also of the frames of the " Wolfe" and " Canada," 1 10 guns, as 
 they stood on the stocks. 
 
 In 1834, all the rlaval stores at Kingston, Penetanguishene 
 and Grand River, were sold- 
 
 The " Kingston Chronicle" of March — , 1830, gives an 
 account of a Bill passed by the House of A.ssembly for Upper 
 Canada, to establish " Courts of Pacification." The court in 
 each district was to be composed of twenty-four persons, 
 elected at town meeting. The plaintiff and defendant were 
 each to choose one of the twenty-four and agree on a third if 
 possible, if not, then an indifferent party was to draw out of a 
 box containing the names of the twenty-two remaining pacifi- 
 cators, one name, the owner of which was to be the third 
 pacificator. The three pacificators so chosen were to try the 
 case, and their judgment was to be final. Their remuneration 
 was fixed at ten shillings a day cash, and one shilling a mile 
 each way was allowed for travelling expenses. This piece of 
 legislation was thrown out by the Legislative Cb.uncil. 
 
 On the 22nd of November, 1833, the "Caledonia Springs'' 
 were mentioned in the " Cornwall Observer." They were then 
 owned by Mr. Kellogg, and the nearest hotel was at New 
 Longeuil, eight miles distant. 
 
 In September of the same year, Robertson and Cutler 
 advertised their quarry of black marble. This quarry is in the 
 rear of Milleroches, A large quantity of stone was taken from 
 it for the Cornwall canal. 
 
 The "Cornwall Observer" of 4th October, 1833, mentions 
 
342 Lmunburgh, or the 
 
 a proposal in. an Ogdensburg paper to make a canal from the 
 head of the Long Sault to the Grass River, at a point three 
 miles below the Village of Massena, to get the carrying trade 
 away from the proposed Cornwall canal, authorized by statute 
 passed in 1833. 
 
 The same paper of i8th October, 1833, mentions a pro- 
 posal to start a line of steamboats from New York to Liver- 
 pool, and also a proposal to construct a railway from Montreal 
 to the Province line, by way of Lachine and St. Annes, acrdss 
 Isle Perot through Vaudreuil, Soulonge and New Longeuil. 
 
 "The Patroit" of 2Sth February, 1834, reports a debate 
 in the House of Assembly for Upper Canada,. on a proposal to 
 stock the fresh water lakes with fish from the sea. 
 
 In the same month, the castle of St. Louis, at Quebec, , 
 was burned. 
 
 In' 1834, the expenditure on the St. Lawrence .canals was 
 estimated at ^T 1,000,000. 0.0, and the probable revenue at 
 ^57,500.0.0 ; -the length of canals at thirty-one miles and a 
 half, and the lockage at one hundred and forty feet, or includ- 
 ing the Lachine canal, one hundred and eighty feet. 
 
 In the same year, the name " Toronto" was substituted 
 for that of York. 
 
 The Houses of Parliament in London, England, were 
 burned in the autumn of 1834. 
 
 In the autumn of 1834, the iirst bazaar was held in Corn- 
 wall. Mrs. Goodall, President; Mrs. Mountain, Treasurer; Miss 
 Sherman, Secretary. Committee : Mrs. Robertson, Mrs. Van- 
 koughnet, Mrs. S. Chesley, Mrs. Jarvis, Mrs. Campbell, Miss 
 McDonell, Mrs. Hart, Miss Malvo. Of these ladies Mrs. 
 Campbell is the only one living in 1888. 
 
 In December, 1834, several of the inhabitants of the 
 County of Glengarry, petitioned to have the District Court and 
 the General Quarter Sessions, held alternately in that county 
 and at Cornwall. 
 
 The "Cornwall Observer" in 1835 infoi'ms its readers that 
 
Old Eastern District. 343 
 
 the Commercial hotel in that town was kept by Sylvanus 
 Town. 
 
 On the 13th of Februat-y, 1835, the same paper gives an 
 account of a meeting held at Thomas Marshall's inn at Corn- 
 wall, to petition for the annexation of the peninsula east of the 
 Eastern District, and of the Island of Montreal to Upper 
 Canada, Hugh McGillis and John McGillis mover and second- 
 •er ; committee to draft petition, Geo. S. Jarvis, Geo. McDonell, 
 Philip Vankoughnet, John McGillivray, William Cline. The 
 petitio,n drawn up by the committee was adopted by the meet- 
 ing. 
 
 In January, 1835, the "Cornwall Observer" published a 
 statement that Lachlin McKinnon, who was then living eighty 
 miles below Quebec, and was supposed to be one hundred and 
 ten years of age, was in Prince Charlie's army at the battle of 
 Culloden in 1746, whei'e he had a brother killed. 
 
 In the year 1 850, the County Council met at Cornwall in 
 January ; at Broeffle's hotel, Williamsburg, in June, and at 
 Ranald McDonell's hotel, Williamstown, in October. This 
 •experiment was never repeated. 
 
 In 1852 the County of Glengarry forwarded, to the Legis- 
 lature a petition thirty-two feet in length, in favor of an Act 
 similar to the Maine liquor law. 
 
 The "Cornwall Freeholder" of iSth March, 1853, states 
 that the grandchildren of the celebrated Flora McDonald, then 
 living, were ''Major WiUiam Pitt McDonald, of the Indian 
 army ; Mrs. Wylde, of Landsdowne Crescent, Cheltenham, 
 and Mrs. Jeffrey, Western Highlands, daughter of Capt. James 
 McDonald, of Flodigarry, Isle of Skye, and that forty of her 
 ^reat-grandchildren were living) many of whom were in the 
 East India Company's service. 
 
 The Cornwall ''Freeholder" of iSth February, 1889, gives 
 a copy of an account rendered to Mr. Adam Johnston in 1795. 
 The old account, which has been carefully preserved, was sent 
 to Mr. Young, editor of the " Freeholder," for publication. It 
 is as follows : 
 
344 Limenburgh, or the 
 
 Mr. ADA.M JOHNSON, Dr. 
 
 To WILKINSON & BEIKIE. 
 1792. 
 January 2Sth. i Scarlet Milled Cap at 3s. 6d. .... ;^o.3.6- 
 
 V, lb. BoheaTea 1.9 
 
 April 5th. >< lb. do 1.9 
 
 1795. Deduct 
 
 March 17th. 3i_J^ bush. Ashes .... 
 do 2ist. \<)yi Ditto .... 
 
 SI 
 Out of the above 51 bushels ashes, 43 are passed to thel 
 credit of Mr. Adam Johnson's account with Mr. Wilkin- j- 
 son, so that the proportion for W. & B. is only 8 bush. J 
 
 Halifax Currency. £o.^.\. 
 
 Cornwall, 3rd August, 1795. Errors excepted. 
 
 Wilkinson & Beikie. 
 
 
 ;^o.7.o. 
 
 p^o.io.6 
 
 
 0. 6.6 
 
 
 ;^0.I7.0 
 
 
 14.4 
 
 
 
 ;^0.2.8 
 
Old Eastern District. 
 
 345 
 
 INDEX OP CHAPTERS. 
 
 Chapter i , 
 
 do 2, 
 do • 3, 
 
 do 4, 
 
 do 5, 
 
 do 6, 
 
 do 7, 
 
 do 8, 
 
 do 9, 
 
 do lo, 
 
 do II, 
 
 do 12, 
 
 do 13, 
 
 do 14, 
 
 do 15, 
 
 do 16, 
 
 do I7i 
 
 do 18, 
 
 do 19, 
 
 do 20, 
 
 do 21, 
 
 do 22 , 
 
 do 23, 
 
 do 24, 
 
 do 25, 
 
 do 26, 
 
 do 27, 
 
 do 28, 
 
 do 29, 
 
 do 30, 
 
 do 31, 
 
 do 32, 
 
 do 33. 
 
 do 34, 
 
 do 35. 
 
 do 36, 
 
 do 37. 
 
 do 38, 
 
 Page r 
 
 do 4 
 
 do 15 
 
 do 20 
 
 do 27 
 
 do 31 
 
 . do 37 
 
 do 46 
 
 . do 51 
 
 do 61 , 
 
 .do 71 
 
 do 75 
 
 . do 81 
 
 do 89 
 
 . do loi 
 
 do 132 
 
 . do 152 
 
 do 165 
 
 . do 171 
 
 do 184 
 
 . do 192 
 
 do 207 
 
 . do 213 
 
 do 226 
 
 ■ do 233 
 
 do 236 
 
 . do 238 
 
 do 247 
 
 . do 25s 
 
 do 259 
 
 . do 285 
 
 do 292 
 
 . do 296 
 
 do 300 
 
 .. do 314 
 
 do 318 
 
 .: do 326 
 
 ■ do 334 
 
346 Lunenburgh, or tJte 
 
 TABLE OF APPENDICES. 
 
 Appendix A. 
 
 1. Report of Sir John Johnston. 
 
 2. Petition of John and Alex. Macdonell. 
 
 3. Petition of Soldiers of King's Royal Regiment of New York. 
 
 4. Numbers of each Family referred to in the Petition.- 
 5.' List of Prisoners with the Rebels. 
 
 6. List of Prisoners Inlisted. 
 
 7. List of men who came in from Tryon County. 
 
 8. List of men Inlisted. 
 
 9. Return of Officers recommended for promotion. 
 
 10. List of Officers of Ebenezer Jessup's, McAlpine's, Peter's, and 
 Leake's Corps. 
 
 11. Return of Officers of the "Loyal Rangers," Major Edward Jessup's. 
 Corps. 
 
 12. Return of Officers of Butler's Rangers. 
 
 13. Return of Officers of ist Batt., King's Royal Regiment, New York. 
 
 14. Return of Officers of the 2nd Batt., King's Royal Regiment, New York. 
 
 Appendix B. 
 
 1. Roll of the 2nd Batt. of the King's Royal Regiment, New York. 
 
 2. List of Officers, Non-Commissioned Officers and Men of the Grenadier 
 
 Company, 1st Batt., King's Royal Regiment, New York. 
 
 Appendix C. 
 
 List of the Officers, Non- Commissioned Officers and Men, who settled 
 in the Eastern part of Upper Canada. 
 
 Appendix D. 
 
 List of Names of Settlers in McNiff's Map. Ist Nov, 1786. 
 
 Appendix E. 
 
 , I. List of Officers of the Royal Canadian Volunteers 1st and 2nd Batt. 
 
 2. List of Militia of Glengarry, Prescott, Dundas, Grenville, Leeds, and 
 Stormont Militia in 1802, and of the 1st and 2nd Stormont in 1823. 
 
 3. Officers of the Canadian Fencibles, 1812-1814. 
 
 Appendix F. 
 Letters relating to the War of 1812, 
 
Old Eastern District. 347 
 
 APPENDIX A. 
 
 Extracts from Canadian Archives — HaldimanD' 
 Papers, Series B., Vol. 158, P. 128. 
 
 St. Johns, 3rd June, 1780.- 
 
 SlR, — I have the honor to report to your Excellency the- 
 arrival of the troops and Indians under my command at this 
 place. We arrived at the (settlement, within five miles of 
 Johnson Hall, on the 21st of last month, in the evening, pre- 
 vious to which I had niade known to the Indians the plan I 
 wished to pursue, and I thought I had little reason to doubt 
 their joining heartily in it, but upon assembling them to ob- 
 tain their final answer, I was not a little mortified to find them: 
 totally averse to it, or even to a division of their body. I 
 therefore found myself under the disagreeable necessity of 
 adopting their plan, which was for them to proceed to Tripe's 
 Hill, within a mile and a half of Fort Johnson, while the troops- 
 under my command were to march by Johnstown to Caghna- 
 waga, where the whole were to join and proceed up the river 
 to the nose, and from thence to Stone Arabia. We accord- 
 ingly proceeded, and met at the house of Dow F"ouda, at 
 Caghnawaga, destroying all before us as we marched along. 
 Frorh thence we proceeded to within a mile of the nose, where 
 
348 Licnenburgh, or the 
 
 a halt was found absolutely necessary, the troops and Indians 
 being much fatigued and in want of refreshment, having 
 marched from six in the morning of the 21st till ten in the 
 morning the day following. Some of the Indians and Rangers 
 ■continued burning and laying waste everything before them, 
 till they got above the nose. Most of the inhabitants fled to 
 the opposite shore with their best effects, securing their boats, 
 -which prevented their crossing the river. After the men were 
 sufficiently rested and refreshed, I proposed moving on to 
 Stone Arabia, to which the Indians objected, alleging that 
 the troops, as well as themselves, were too much fatigued to 
 proceed any further, and that the inhabitants were all fled into 
 their forte with their effects, and that there was nothing left 
 but empty houses, which were not worth the trouble of going 
 to burn ; indeed, many of them moved off with their plunder, 
 •with which they, were all loaded before I knew their intention. 
 I therefore found myself under the necessity of following them. 
 We burned several houses on our return to Johnstown, where 
 we arrived about one o'clock the same day. After providing 
 provisions, etc., we marched back by the same route we came 
 to the Scotch settlement. The number of houses, barns, mills, 
 etc., burnt, amounts to about one hundred and twenty. The 
 Indians, contrary to my expectation, killed only eleven men 
 among them Colonel Fisher, Captain Fisher, and another 
 brother, of what rank I know not. The prisoners taken 
 amounted to twenty-seven. Fourteen of them I suffered to 
 return, being either too old or too young to marcli, and I was 
 induced by the earnest desire of the loyal families left behind 
 to set a,t liberty two of the principal prisoners we' had taken, 
 in order to protect them from the violence of the people, which 
 they most solemnly promised to do ; and in order to make 
 them pay the utmost attention to their engagements, I assured 
 them that the rest of the prisoners should be detained as host- 
 ages for the performance of this promise. I also sent a Capt. 
 Veeder back in exchange for Lieut. Singleton, of my regiment, 
 which I hope will meet with your Excellency's approbation. 
 
" Old Eastern District. 349 
 
 Vast quantities of flour, bread, Indian corn, and other pro- 
 visions, were burnt in the houses and mills, and a great number 
 of arms, cash, etc. ; many cattle were killed, and about seventy 
 horses brought off. One hundred and forty-three Loj-alists, 
 and a number of women and children, with about thirty blacks 
 (male and female), came off with us. Seventeen of the latter 
 belong to Colon Claus, Johnson and myself Some are claimed 
 by white men and Indians, who are endeavoring to dispose of 
 them ; I should therefore be glad to have your Excellency's 
 directions concerning them. I enclose your Excellency the 
 only papers I could procure, with sundry letters, which will 
 shew the early intelligence they had of our approach. I must 
 beg leave to refer your Excellency to Captain Scott for further 
 particulars, and beg you will excuse this imperfect account of 
 our proceedings. I shall transmit exact returns of the Loyal- 
 ists and Indians from the Mohawk village, who have come in, 
 by the next post. I beg leave to recommend my cousin, 
 Ensign Johnson, to your Excellency for the vacancy in the 
 47th, if not pre-engaged, as he was of great service in prevent- 
 ing the Indians from committing many irregularities, which I 
 was very apprehensive of, and he has been promised the first 
 vacancy. I must also beg your Excellency will be pleased to 
 grant a flag for the relief of the families left in Tryon County 
 who may choose to come into this Province, which is most 
 ■earnestly wished for by their husbands and parents. I have 
 the honor to be, with great respect. 
 
 Your Excellenc)''s 
 
 Most obedient and 
 
 Most humble servant, 
 
 John Johxsox. 
 
 Hi.s Excellency, - V 
 
 General Haldlm.vxd.J" 
 
 Endorsed from A. 1780, Sir John, Johnson, of the 3rd June. 
 Rec'd the 5th. 
 
350 Lunenbmgh, or the 
 
 The following extract from the " Andover Review" for 
 May, 1889, is taken from the "Montreal Star" of June, 1889,. 
 and is given here to show the ill-treatment the Loyalists re- 
 ceived from the Rebels, and the provocation which led the 
 former to inflict such heavy punishment upon their perse- 
 cutors : 
 
 "There was naturally persecution of Loyalists during the 
 eight years of strife. Measures were adopted in citizens' pri- 
 vate committees and Acts in Legislative bodies for punishment 
 of the adherents of the Crown. Tar and feathers were the 
 usual decree of the mob, and the committees varied it by 
 house-breaking, smoking out, cattle maiming, and poisoning,, 
 way-laying, insulting, plundering, and driving the owner from 
 his estate, or shutting him up — a prisoner in his neighbor's- 
 house, or even in gaol. Legislative penalties were more digni- 
 fied, but als'o more severe. Prescription, confiscation,- banish- 
 ment, imprisonment, transportation with prohibition of return- 
 ing, attainting of treason, were the usual awards." 
 
 It is probable that there was not a white man in the ex- 
 pedition mentioned in Sir John Johnson's report, from the 
 colonel commanding to the private soldier, who had not suffer- 
 ed one or more of the injuries and indignities mentioned in the 
 foregoing extract. ■■ 
 
 From Canadian Archive.s—Haldimand Papers, Series 
 B.,V0L. 158, P. 35 1. 
 
 To His Excellency General Haldimand, General and Com- 
 mander-in-Chief of all His Majesty's Forces in Canada 
 and the Frontiers thereof, &c., &c., &c. 
 
 The memorial of John and Alexander McDonell, Captains 
 in the King's Royal Regiment, of New York, humbly 
 sheweth, — 
 
 That your memorialist, John McDonell's family, are at 
 present detained by the rebels in the County of Tryon, with- 
 
Old Eastern District. 351 
 
 in the Province of New York, destitute of every support but 
 such as they may receive from the few friends to Government 
 in said quarters, in which situation they have been since the 
 year 1777. 
 
 And your memoralist, Alexander McDonell, in behalf of 
 his brother, Captain Allen McDonell, of the 84th Regiment,, 
 that the family of his said brother have been detained by the 
 Rebels in and about Albany since the year 1775, and that unless 
 it were for the assistance they have met with from Mr. James 
 Ellice, of Schenectady, merchant, they must have perished. 
 
 Your memoralists therefore humbly pray your Excellency 
 will be graciously pleased to take the distressed situation of 
 said families into consideration, and to grant that a flag be sent 
 to demand them in exchange or otherwise direct towards ob- 
 taining their releasement, as your Excellency in your wisdom 
 I shall see fit, and your memorialists will ever pray as in duty 
 bound. 
 
 Endorsed. — Memorial of John and Allan McDonell, Cap- 
 tain in the King's Royal Regiment, New York, 13th February / 
 (the year is not given, probably 1779 or 1780.) 
 
 3- 
 Series B., Vol. 158, Pp. 352-353. 
 
 To the Honourable Sir John Johnson, Lieutenant-Colonel . 
 Commander of the King's Royal Regiment of New 
 York. 
 
 The humble petition of sundry soldiers of said regiment 
 sheweth, — 
 
 That your humble petitioners, whose names are hereunto 
 subscribed, have families in different places of, the Counties of 
 Albany and Tryon, who have been and are daily ill-treated by 
 the enemies of Government. 
 
352 
 
 Lunenbiirgh, or the 
 
 Therefore we do humbly pray that your Honour would 
 .be pleased to procure permission for them to come to Canada. 
 And your petitioners will ever pray. 
 
 / John McGlennv, 
 Thomas Ros.s, 
 Alexander Cameron, 
 Frederick Goose, 
 Wm! Urghad,* 
 Duncan McIntire, 
 Andrew Mileross, 
 Donald McCarter, 
 Allen Grant, 
 Hugh Chlsholm, 
 Angus Grant, 
 John McDonald. 
 
 4- 
 
 Alex. Ferguson, 
 Thomas Taylor, 
 william c.vmeron, 
 George Murdoff, 
 William CHESSiM.f 
 JOHN Christy, 
 Daniel Campbell, 
 Donald Ross, 
 Donald CnissEM.f 
 Roderick McDonald, 
 Alexander Grant, 
 
 The names and number 
 
 of each 
 
 family intended 
 
 in the 
 
 ithin petition : 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Name of Fajiiln' 
 
 
 COMSISTIXG OF 
 
 No. 
 
 I, 
 
 Duncan Mclntyre's 
 
 w 
 
 ife, Sister 
 
 and Child 
 
 3 
 
 2, 
 
 John Christy's 
 
 Wife and 
 
 3 
 
 Children 
 
 4 
 
 3. 
 
 George Mordoff's 
 
 
 do 
 
 6 
 
 do 
 
 7 
 
 4, 
 
 Daniel CampliellV 
 
 
 do 
 
 5 
 
 do 
 
 6 
 
 S. 
 
 Andrew Milrass' 
 
 W 
 
 ife 
 
 
 
 I 
 
 6, 
 
 William Urghad 's 
 
 Wife and 
 
 3 
 
 Children 
 
 4 
 
 7> 
 
 Donald McCarter's 
 
 
 do 
 
 3 
 
 do 
 
 4 
 
 8, 
 
 Donald Ress' 
 
 
 do 
 
 I 
 
 Child 
 
 2 
 
 9, 
 
 Allan Grant's 
 
 
 do 
 
 I 
 
 do 
 
 2 
 
 10, 
 
 William Chissim's 
 
 
 do 
 
 I 
 
 do , 
 
 2 
 
 II) 
 
 Donald Chissini's 
 
 
 do 
 
 2 
 
 Children 
 
 3 
 
 12, 
 
 Hugh Chissim's 
 
 
 do 
 
 5 
 
 do 
 
 6 
 
 13, 
 
 Roderick McDonald's 
 
 
 do 
 
 4 
 
 do 
 
 ■5 
 
 14, 
 
 Angus Grant's 
 
 
 do 
 
 5 
 
 do 
 
 6 
 
 15: 
 
 Alex. Grant's 
 
 
 do 
 
 4 
 
 do 
 
 5 
 
 1 6, 
 
 Donald Grant's 
 
 
 do 
 
 4 
 
 do 
 
 5 
 
 17, 
 
 John McDonald's 
 
 \\' 
 
 ife 
 
 
 
 I 
 
 i8, 
 
 John McGlenhy's 
 
 Wife and 
 
 2 
 
 Children 
 
 3 
 
 i9> 
 
 -\lex. Ferguson 
 
 
 do 
 
 5 
 
 do 
 
 6 
 
 / .-:/ 
 
 * Probably Urquharl. t Probal)ly Chisholni. 
 
Old Eastern District. 3 5 3. 
 
 
 Xa.me of Family 
 
 Consisting of 
 
 Xo 
 
 20, 
 
 Thomas Ross' 
 
 Wife and 4 Children 
 
 5 
 
 21, 
 
 Thos. Taylors' 
 
 Wife and i Child 
 
 2 
 
 22, 
 
 Alexander Cariieron's 
 
 ^Vife and 3 Children 
 
 4 
 
 23, 
 
 William Cameron's 
 
 do 3 do 
 
 4 
 
 24, 
 
 Frederick Goose's 
 
 do 4 do 
 
 5 
 
 Endorsed — Memorial from several soldiers of Sir John Johnson's Corps, received 
 27th July. , (The year is not given, it was probably 1779 or 1780.) 
 
 s- 
 
 Series B., Vol. 158, P. 355. 
 
 List of the prisoners with the Rebels of the King^sJfeoJ^al 
 Regiment of New York : 
 
 Major's — Simon Swart, John Weaver, Alexander,<.SSmeron, Isaac Awson, 
 Henry Harris, John Lussly. 
 
 Captain Angus McDonell's — Hugh McMillan, Duncan McDonell,, Thos> 
 Kooman, James Lockwood, Peter Lockwood, John Lewis. 
 
 Captain Monro's — ^Jdhn Cayden, Robert Turnbull, John Maddoch, Jno. 
 Freeland. 
 
 Captain Daly's — Charles Johnson, Frederick Rice, William Empey. 
 
 Captain Duncan's^-Corporal Philip Cook, Adam Shades. Dennis Sullivan,. 
 John Martell, Adam Hobber. 
 
 Captain Alexander McDonell's — Peter McDougall, Xathaniel Crossley, 
 Richard Freeman. 
 
 Captain J. Anderson's — ^John Dingwall, George Smith, Peter Cross. 
 
 (Signed), J. Valentine, Adjutant. 
 
 Hazelton Spencer, Volunteer, now at Skeenesborough. 
 Endorsed — List of prisoners with the rebels of the King's Royal Regiment, New 
 
 York. (The date is not given, probably 1778 or 1779.) 
 
 6. 
 
 Series B., Vol. 158, P. 356. 
 
 List of prisoners inlisted by Mr. Halbert for the 2nd Bat- 
 tahon of the King's Royal Regiment of New York : 
 
 John Gibson \ jj^j.^^ ^jjjjg Hunting, -and were ever called friends. 
 Martin Ammon, ) \ 
 
 Ass Debol 
 Jabiel Hulbert 
 George Wright 
 Ezra Wood 
 Zachias Granger 
 David Brown 
 Elias Lent 
 Calvin Hinds 
 
 Last spring, attempting to make their escape at Fort George, 
 were taken prisoners. 
 
 Have no knowledge of them further than their friends say- 
 
 f ' they were forced into the Militia. 
 
354 Lunenburgh, or the 
 
 , 7- 
 
 Series B., Vol. 158, Pp. 357-358. 
 
 A list of men lately come in from Tryon County, and now 
 I at Yamaska, desirous of joining the King's Royal Regiment of 
 New York : 
 
 Patrick Fitzpatrick — Pettingale ^ 
 
 — Phillipse — Bodgardus 
 
 — Magra One more n!tme forgot. 
 
 Samuel Hurissan, lately brought in, has a brother in the 
 above regiment. Sent in his name desiring to join it, but 
 could not be got out of confinement ; since released, and en- 
 gaged by promises of three guineas' bounty and permission to 
 work in the King's works at 3s. per day, and to have his 
 brother exchanged by persons recruiting for Major Rogers. 
 
 List of men of the late Major McAlpine's corps desirous 
 -of serving under the command of Sir John Johnson in the 
 Royal Regiment of New York : 
 
 James A'anCamp Jacob \'anCamp 
 
 Stephen Boiro John Conkling 
 
 Daniel Robertson John Lane 
 
 Joseph Kmr)' Ebenezer Perkins 
 
 Duncan Cameron James McCara 
 
 ■ John Eiirhart Abram Hiiliker 
 
 Series B., Vol. 158, P. 365. 
 
 A list of men inlisted by order of the late Mr. Hewetson 
 for Sir John Johnson's (Bart.) Brigade, and joined Colonel 
 Butler's Rangers of their own accord : 
 
 Casper Towsick Urbanus Hains 
 
 Tunis SHngerland Derrick Slingerland 
 
 I George Rauzier Aaron Hogtealing 
 
 Isaac Van Volkenbm-gh John Bratt 
 Jacob Quant. 
 
 A list of men inlisted by orders of the late Mr. Hewetson 
 
Old Eastern District. ' 355 
 
 -for Sir John Johnson's (Bart.) Brigade, and joined Joseph 
 Brant's Volunteers of their own accord : 
 
 Peter Chant Christian Plats 
 
 Nicholas Kerkner Aaron HoUenbeck 
 
 Anthony Bratt John Emmerick Plass 
 
 Christopher Hawk Philip Moake 
 
 William May — RucUey. 
 
 Series B, Vol. 158, P. 366. 
 
 David Williams Ichabod Hawley 
 
 David Craviffoot Daniel Walker 
 
 Benjamin Reynolds Andrew French 
 
 William Willoughby William Reynolds 
 
 Beiiegar Benedict John Curtis 
 
 Seth Cook Thomas Graiss 
 
 Ayer Northrop Francis Redding; 
 
 Peter Beebe Calib Henderson 
 
 Daniel Scott Nathan Brown 
 Timothy Hill. 
 
 I do hereby certify that the above named men were in- 
 listed by me, and have served under my command in and 
 ■since the year 1777. Jed. French. 
 
 9- 
 The following list of officers,- recommended to His Excel- 
 lency General Haldimand for promotion in the 2nd Batt. of the 
 King's Royal Regiment of New York, is compiled from three 
 returns given in Series B., Vol. 158, pages 360, 361 and 362. 
 It is not considered .necessary to give the three returns, as 
 
 ^several .of the names appear in -each of them : 
 
 Returns in 
 
 WHICH THE Name 
 
 Appears. 
 
 Lieutenant-Colonel 123 
 
 Major John Ross - 2 - 
 
 Captains. 
 Stephen Watts, Captain, 8th Regiment 
 Richard Brown, Lieut., 31st Regiment 
 James Kirkman, Lieut. -Adjt., 29th Regiment 
 Richard Haughton, Lieut., 53rd Regiment 
 Geo. Singleton, Lieut., K.R.R., N.Y. 
 Wm. Johnson, Lieut., 47th Regiment 
 
3S6 
 
 Lunenburgh, or the 
 
 Wm. Morrison, Lieut. , K.R.R., N.V. , i 
 
 Robert Laeke, cammanding a corps of 'Loyalists i 
 
 Thos. Gomersall, Capt.-Lieiit., 1st Batt., K.R.R,,N.V. 
 Jacob Maiirer, Lieut., do do 
 
 James McDoneU, Lieut,, do do 
 
 Wm. Redford Crawford, (13th July, 1778), as Capt.- 
 Lieut. , I 
 
 Lieutenants. 
 
 Alex. Saunders, Ensign and Quartermaster, 29th Regt 
 
 Isaac Mann, Lieut, in Leake's 
 
 Wm. McKay, do 1779 
 
 Neil Robertson, Lieut, in McAlpin's, 1777 
 
 Alex. Campbell, do do 
 
 Christian Weire, Lieut, in Jessup's 
 
 John Howard, Lieut, in Leake's, 1777 
 
 Jeremiah French, Lieut, in Peters'. (Served as Cap 
 
 tain, paid as Lieutenant, 1777) 
 Gershom French, Lieut, in Peters' 
 Humphrey Arden, Ensign, 34th Regiment 
 Patrick Langan, Ensign, ist Batt., K. R. R. 
 
 4th Oct., 1779 
 William Fraser, Lieut, in Leake's, 4th Oct., 
 Henry Youug, do do Ju'yj 
 
 — Coffin, 
 
 Philip P. Lansinsjh, High Sheriff of Charlotte County 
 Allen McDonell, 
 Henry Young 
 
 N.Y. 
 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 777 - 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 777 - 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 Ensig.ns. 
 
 Walter Sutherland, Volunteer, K.R. R., N.Y. 
 Philo Hurlbut, Lieutenant in Peters' corps . - 
 'Oliver Church,, Ensign, K.R.R., N.Y, 
 Hazelton Spencer, Ensign, K.R.R., N.Y. 
 James McAlpin, do do 
 
 Jacob Farrand, do do 
 
 William Fraser, Recruiting Ensign 
 William Mann, Volunteer, K.R.R., N.Y., 
 Ronnell McDonell, taken as hostage in 1776, paid 
 
 ;f li.Q.o per muster 
 Samuel McKay, son of late Captain McKay, 
 Timothy Thompson, pensioner at £l\.a.o per muster - 
 — Clinch, 2nd Lieut, in Butler's Rangers 
 Chaplain — John Stewart i 
 
 Adjutant — Walter Sutl^erland i 
 
Old Eastern District. 
 
 3S7 
 
 Humphry Aiden, 
 
 Quartermaster — Alex. Saunders, Ensign 24th Regt. 
 
 Matthew Dies 
 
 Surgeoh — Williamson, Surgeon's Mate 31st Regt. 
 
 — Carr 
 
 , I 
 
 10. 
 
 , Series B., Vol. 167, P. 322. 
 
 List of the officers of different coi'ps of Royalists in 
 Canada, specifying the time they joined the King's troops, in 
 what rank they commenced pay, and to what corps they be- 
 long, with remarks, &c., &c., 15th May, 1781 : 
 
 Names. 
 
 Of What 
 Corps. 
 
 When Entered 
 Service. 
 
 How Paid 
 
 Having 
 Families. 
 
 I'^benezer Jessup, P^sc[. 
 
 Jessup's Corps 
 
 4th Nov., 1776 
 
 As Captain 
 
 A Family 
 
 Edward Jessup, Esq. 
 
 do 
 
 do 
 
 do 
 
 do 
 
 Jonathan Jones, Esq. 
 
 ;do 
 
 do 
 
 do 
 
 do 
 
 Joseph Jessup 
 
 do 
 
 do 
 
 As Lieutenant - 
 
 None 
 
 Christian Weher 
 
 do 
 
 In Aug., 1777 
 
 do 
 
 None here 
 
 David Jones 
 
 do 
 
 4th Nov., 1776 
 
 do 
 
 None 
 
 James O'Neil 
 
 do 
 
 In Aug., 1777 
 
 do 
 
 None here 
 
 Henry Simonds 
 
 do 
 
 do 
 
 do 
 
 do 
 
 Guysbert Sharpe 
 
 do 
 
 do 
 
 do 
 
 do 
 
 \Vm. Lamson. (I'aid 
 
 do 
 
 4th Nov., 1776 
 
 As •Ensign 
 
 N(jnc 
 
 as Lieut, since Oct., 
 
 ^ 
 
 
 
 
 1777- 
 
 
 
 
 
 John Man 
 
 do 
 
 In July 1777, 
 
 As Lieutenant 
 
 A Family 
 
 William Snyder 
 
 do 
 
 4th Nov., 1776 
 
 As Ensign ' 
 
 do 
 
 John Dusenburg 
 
 do 
 
 In Aug., 1777 
 
 do 
 
 None 
 
 Christian Haver 
 
 do 
 
 do 
 
 do 
 
 do 
 
 (Taken prisoner in 
 
 
 
 ^ 
 
 
 Sept., 1777, 'came 
 
 
 
 
 
 to this Province in 
 
 
 
 
 
 July, 1780.) 
 
 
 
 
 
 Thomas Man 
 
 -do 
 
 In March, 1777 
 
 do 
 
 do 
 
 Solomon Jones . 
 
 do 
 
 4th Nov., 1776 
 
 As Surg's-Mate 
 As Chaplain 
 
 do 
 
 The Rev. John Bryant 
 
 do 
 
 In Oct., 1780 
 
 A F-amily 
 
 Peter Drummond. | 
 (Taken prisoner 19J 
 Sept., 1777, rescued! 
 and came iijto this' 
 Province, Aug". 20, 1 
 1780.) 
 
 Neil Robertson 
 
 (Appointed a Lieut, 
 by Major McAlpine 
 in a corps he began 
 to raise in Sep., 1 776 
 
 Late Major 
 McAlpine's 
 
 do 
 
 4th Nov. 1776 As Lieutenant None 
 
 do 
 
 do 
 
 do 
 
358 
 
 Lunenburgk, or the 
 
 Names. 
 
 Of What 
 Corps. 
 
 When Entered 
 Service. 
 
 How Paid. 
 
 Haviiig 
 Families. 
 
 William Fraser 
 
 McAlpine's 
 
 In Aug., 1777 
 
 As Lieutenant 
 
 A Family 
 
 Thomas P'raser 
 
 do 
 
 In July, 1777 
 
 do 
 
 do 
 
 Gideon Adams 
 
 do 
 
 4th Nov., 1776 
 
 
 None 
 
 (Commenced pay as 
 
 
 
 
 
 an officer in Oct., 
 
 
 
 
 
 I777-) 
 
 
 
 
 
 Daniel Fraser 
 
 do 
 
 In July, 1777 
 
 As Ensign 
 
 do 
 
 James McAlpine 
 
 do 
 
 In Oct., " 
 
 do 
 
 ^ do 
 
 James Campbell 
 
 do 
 
 In July, " 
 
 do 
 
 A Family 
 
 Jacob Miller 
 
 do 
 
 
 ff 
 
 
 John Peters, Esq. 
 
 
 
 
 
 Justus Sherwood 
 
 Peters' Corps 
 
 In Nov., 1776 
 
 
 A Family 
 
 Francis Hogle 
 
 do 
 
 In July, 1777 
 
 
 do 
 
 James Parrott 
 
 do 
 
 In Nov., 1776 
 
 
 do 
 
 Gershom French 
 
 do 
 
 In Aug., 1777 
 
 As Lieutenant 
 
 do 
 
 John Dulmage 
 
 do 
 
 In Nov., 1776 
 
 
 do 
 
 (Messrs. Sherwood, 
 
 
 
 
 
 Parrott and Dul- 
 
 
 
 
 
 mage, commenced 
 
 
 
 
 
 pay the first as Capt. 
 
 
 
 
 
 the others as Lieu- 
 
 
 
 
 
 tenants in the sum- 
 
 
 
 
 
 mer of 1777. They 
 
 
 
 
 
 were paid as pri- 
 
 
 
 
 
 vates before. ) 
 
 
 
 
 
 Philip Hulhbert 
 
 do 
 
 
 
 do 
 
 Titus Simons 
 
 • do 
 
 In Aug., 1777 
 
 As Lieutenant 
 
 do 
 
 David McFall 
 
 do 
 
 From 26th Regt. 
 
 do 
 
 None 
 
 (First attached to 
 
 
 
 
 
 Jessup's, joined Pet- 
 
 
 
 
 
 ers' in 1777, taken 
 
 
 
 
 
 prisoner i6th Aug. 
 
 
 
 
 
 following. ) 
 
 
 
 
 
 John Peters, junior 
 
 do 
 
 In Aug., 1777 
 
 As Ensign 
 
 None 
 
 Hugh Munro, Esq. 
 
 Leake's Corps 
 
 In July, 1777 
 
 AsCapt. batteau 
 
 None here 
 
 (Capt, Leake never 
 
 
 
 
 
 consideredhim as be- 
 
 
 
 
 
 longing to his corpi) 
 
 
 
 
 
 \Viniam McKay 
 
 
 In Aug., 1777, 
 from 2ist Regt. 
 
 As Lieutenant 
 
 None 
 
 Henry Young 
 
 do 
 
 17th Aug., 1777 
 
 do- 
 
 None here 
 
 Isaac Man,' junior 
 
 do ' 
 
 In July, " 
 
 As Adjutant 
 
 None 
 
 (Belonged to Jes- 
 
 
 
 
 
 sup's, and joined 
 
 
 
 
 
 Capt. Leake by ord- 
 
 
 
 
 
 er of Sir John John- 
 
 
 
 
 
 son ?n '79i as Lieut) 
 
 
 
 
 
 William Fraser,junior 
 
 do 
 
 l7lhAug., " 
 
 As Ensign 
 
 do 
 
 (Received pay as 
 
 
 
 
 
 Lievit. frort^ 25th 
 
 
 
 
 
 Pft. 1777-) 
 
 
 
 
 
old Eastern District. 
 
 359 
 
 Names. 
 
 Of What 
 Corps. 
 
 When Entered 
 Service. 
 
 How Paid. 
 
 Having 
 Families. 
 
 John Ruyter 
 
 Leake's-Gorps 
 
 17th Aug., 1777 
 
 As Capt. to 24th, 
 
 A Family 
 
 (Commenced pay as 
 
 
 
 Oct., 1777 
 
 
 Lieut, in Canada, 
 
 
 
 
 
 25th Oct. 1777.) 
 
 
 , 
 
 - 
 
 
 Henry Ruyter 
 
 do 
 
 do 
 
 do 
 
 do 
 
 (Commenced pay as 
 
 
 
 
 
 Lieut, in Canada, 
 
 
 
 
 
 25th Oct., 1777.) 
 
 
 
 
 
 Conradt Best 
 
 do 
 
 , do 
 
 As Lieutenant 
 
 None 
 
 John Howard 
 
 do 
 
 In Aug., 1777 
 
 do 
 
 A Family 
 
 (Taken ^prisoner in 
 
 
 
 
 
 Sept., 1777, came 
 
 
 / 
 
 
 
 to this Province in 
 
 
 
 '■'■A ' 
 
 
 Feb., 1778.) 
 
 
 
 
 
 Anthony La Climet 
 
 do 
 
 
 
 
 (A Canadian. A 
 
 
 
 ' 
 
 
 bad character put on 
 
 
 
 '' ' 
 
 
 the list and recom- 
 
 
 
 
 
 mended by Capt. 
 
 
 
 
 
 Sam'l McKay, de- 
 
 
 
 
 
 ceased. ) 
 
 
 
 
 
 Edward Carscallim 
 
 do 
 
 Nov., 1776 
 
 
 do 
 
 (Paid as a private to 
 
 ' 
 
 
 
 
 24th June, 1777; 
 
 
 
 
 
 made Lieut, by Mr. 
 
 
 
 
 
 Peters.) 
 
 
 
 
 
 Duncan Cameron 
 
 do 
 
 17th Aug., 1777 
 
 
 do 
 
 (Served the whole 
 
 
 
 
 
 of the last war,* and 
 
 
 
 
 
 an honest man. ) 
 
 
 
 
 
 John Wilson 
 
 do 
 
 In Nov., 1776 
 
 
 do 
 
 (Employed in the 
 
 
 
 
 
 Engineer's service ; 
 
 
 
 / 
 
 
 a very good man. ) 
 Hermanus Best 
 
 do 
 
 In Aug., 1777 
 
 As Ensign 
 
 None. 
 
 Neil Robertson, 
 
 > Acting Adjutant to the Royalists. 
 
 *" Served the whole of the last war," meaning the war with the French 
 from 1756 to 1763. 
 
36o 
 
 Lunmhurgh, or the 
 
 II. 
 
 Return of thk ( )ikici5us of the Cours of Loyal Kan(;f,rs CoMnrAxDRii 
 ijv AIajor E. Jessui'.. 
 
 Rank. 
 
 Nnmes. 
 
 Place of 
 Nativity. 
 
 Len'th 
 of Ser- 
 vice. 
 
 Former Stations, and Remarks 
 
 Major jKdward lessu]^ 
 
 Connecticut 
 
 Captain 
 
 Captain 
 
 Captain 
 
 Elienezer Je.ssup 
 
 Connecticut 
 
 John I'eters 
 
 Connecticut 
 
 Justus Sherwood 
 
 (-'onnecticut 
 
 7 years Served the last war a volunteer 
 in the Militia, and the campaign, 
 1759, conniiandod a company 
 of Provincials, which he raised 
 at liis own e,\pense ; has been 
 for some years a Justice of the. 
 Peace for the County of Albany, 
 where he possessed a consider- 
 able property, until deprived of 
 it by the late rebellion. 
 
 7 years Was a Ju.stice of the Peace for 
 the Coimty of Albany, in the 
 Province of New York, where 
 he possessed a considerable pro- 
 perty, until he was deprived of 
 it by the rebellion. He began 
 to raise a corps and served as 
 Lieut. -Colonel in the campaign 
 under Lieut. -(jeneral Burgoy.ne 
 in 1777 ; from that year he re- 
 ceived pay as a captain, and 
 owing to infirmities when the 
 corps was again formed in the 
 year 1781, he was continued as 
 captain and the command given 
 to Major Jessup, 
 
 7 )-ears|\\'as a Justice of the Peace for 
 the County of Gloucester, on 
 iConnecticut River, where he 
 jpossessed property. He began 
 to raise a corps, and served 
 under Lieut. -General Burgoyne 
 in the campaign of 1777 as 
 Lieut. -Colonel, but froiji that 
 year to November, 1781, he 
 was paid as captain, and from 
 the impossibility of his filling a 
 corps and his own infirmities he 
 was continued as captain in )e 
 Loyal Rangers. 
 
 7 years 
 
 Was a farmer of property in 
 ■what is now called the New 
 Vermont State, and deprived of 
 it by the late rebelliim, through 
 which he has been both active 
 and zealous in opposing it. 
 
Old Eastern District. 
 
 361 
 
 Rank. 
 
 Names. 
 
 Place of 
 Nativity. 
 
 Len'th 
 of Ser- 
 vice. 
 
 Former Stations, and Remarks. 
 
 Captain 
 
 Captain 
 Captain 
 Captain 
 Captain 
 
 Captain 
 
 I.ieut. 
 Lieut. 
 Lieut. 
 
 Lieut. 
 
 Lieut. 
 Lieut. 
 Lieut. 
 
 Jonathan Jones Connecticut 7 years 
 
 William Fraser 
 John Jones 
 Peter Drummonrl 
 John W. Meyers 
 
 Thomas Fraser 
 
 (iuisbert .Sh.arp 
 Ilenry Simnionds 
 David Jones 
 
 James Parrot 
 
 .VIex'r Campbell 
 David McFall 
 John Dulmage 
 
 Was a Justice of the Peace for 
 the County of Albany, in the 
 Province of New York, where 
 he had a farm, mills, and other 
 property, of which he was de- 
 prived by the late rebellion. 
 
 Scotland 
 
 ,6y, yn 
 
 property in the 
 ;w York, of which 
 
 .-V farmer of 
 I'rovince of New '^ 
 lie was deprived by the late re- 
 bellion. 
 
 Connecticut' '6^ yrs 
 
 .Scotland 7 years 
 
 New York 
 Province 
 
 6 '/. yr 
 
 .Scotland 6^ yrs 
 
 Province 6% yrs 
 
 New Vorl<| 
 
 Province l^Vz )"rs 
 New Vork 
 
 Connecticut 7 years 
 
 Boston 
 
 Province 
 
 Province 
 New \'ork 
 
 "Ireland 
 
 'Ireland 
 
 7 years 
 
 6;4 yrs 
 
 7 years 
 Prov'l 
 Line 
 
 7 years 
 
 A farmer of proj^erty in the 
 I'rovince of New York, which 
 he was deprived of by the late 
 rebellion. 
 
 A farmer of properly in the Pro- 
 vince of New York, of which 
 he wa.s deprived- by the late re- 
 bellion. 
 
 A farmer in theProvince of New 
 York, of which with other pro- 
 perty to a considerable amount 
 lost by the rebellion. 
 
 A farmer of property in the 
 Province of New 'S'ork, lost by 
 the rebellion. 
 
 A wealth)- farmer in that Pro- 
 vince, lost by the rebellion. 
 
 A farmer of property in that 
 Province, lost by the rebellion. 
 
 A farmer of property in the 
 Province of New York, lost by 
 the rebellion. 
 
 A farmer of property in the 
 Province of New York, lost by 
 the rebellion. 
 
 A wealthy farmer of some con- 
 siderable property in that Pro- 
 vince, lost by the reljellion. 
 
 Was many years a sefgeant in 
 the 26th Regiment, where he 
 served with credit. 
 
 A farmer of property in the 
 Province of New York. 
 
362 
 
 Lunmhurgh, or the 
 
 Rank. 
 
 Names. 
 
 Place of 
 
 Nativity. 
 
 Len'th 
 of Ser- 
 
 Former .Stations, and Remarks. 
 
 Lieut. 
 
 Lieut. 
 Lieut. 
 
 Lieut. 
 
 Lieut. 
 
 Ensign 
 
 Ensign 
 
 Ensign 
 Ensign 
 
 Ensign 
 
 Ensign 
 
 Ensign 
 
 Ensign 
 Adjt. 
 
 Quarter 
 Master 
 
 Surgeon 
 Mate 
 
 Gershorn French 
 
 Gideon Adams 
 Jolin Ritter 
 
 James "Robins 
 
 Edward Jessup 
 
 John Dusenbury 
 
 John Peters 
 
 Elijah Bottom 
 Thomas .Sherwood 
 
 Thomas Mann 
 
 ITarmonius Best 
 
 WilUam Lawson 
 
 Conrad Best 
 Matthew Thompson 
 
 John Ferguson 
 
 George Smyth 
 Solomon Jones 
 
 Connecticut 6_J^ yrs A young man of some property 
 who had commenced business 
 as a merchant just at the begin- 
 jning of the trouble in America. 
 
 Connecticut 7 years A young farmer of property. 
 
 Prov. N. Yk. 6^ yrs A farmer of property in that 
 Province. 
 
 I 
 
 Old England 6^ yrs A country merchant in the Pro- 
 vince of New York. 
 
 Prov. N. Yk. 6^ yrs Major Jessup's, son, and entirely 
 dependent on his father. 
 
 Prov. N. Yk. 6_J^ yrs A wealthy farmer's son in that 
 Province. 
 
 Connecticut 6^ yrs Son of Col. Peters, and depend- 
 ent on his father. 
 
 Connecticut 6j^ yrs A farnier's son in that Province. 
 
 Connecticut \]4, yrs A farmer in the Province of 
 New York. 
 
 Prov. N. Yk. 6^ yrs Son of a gentleman farmer in 
 that Province. 
 
 Prov. N. Yk. 6^ yrs A farmer of propert)' in that 
 Province. 
 
 Connecticut 7 years A farmer in the Province of 
 New York. 
 
 Prov. N. Yk. 6 years A farmer in that Province. 
 
 Ireland ' 2 years A sergeant-major in the 31st 
 Prov'l Regiment, where he had served 
 Line many years as a non-commis- 
 sioned officer with credit. 
 
 Ireland i year A ^ergeant-major in the 29th 
 
 10 mos Regiment, where he had served 
 Prov'l many years as a non-commis- 
 Line sioned officer with credit. 
 
 Ireland 2>^ yrs A physician in the Province of 
 
 New York. 
 
 Connecticut 7 years Student of his profession in Al- 
 bany, in the Prov. of New York. 
 
 Edward Jessup, Major, 
 
 Commander Loyal Rangers. 
 
Old Eastern District. 
 
 363 
 
 12. 
 
 Return of the Officers of the Corps of Rangers, Commanded by 
 Lieut. -Colonel John Butler. 
 
 Rank. 
 
 Former Situations and 
 Remarks. 
 
 Lt.-Col. 
 Com'nt 
 
 Captain 
 
 John Butler 
 William Caldwell 
 
 Captain 
 
 John McDonell 
 
 Captain 
 
 , Captain 
 Captain 
 Captain 
 
 Captain 
 
 Peter Ten Broeck 
 
 Peter H^re 
 George Dame 
 Bernard Frey 
 
 John McICinpon 
 
 Near London 
 
 In the Prov. 
 Connecticut 
 
 29 yrs 
 
 9 years 
 
 Invernes- 
 shire, Scot 
 land 
 
 9 years 
 
 In the ye 
 Co. of Alb'y, 
 Prov.N.Y. 
 
 Mohawk riv- 
 er, Tryon C'y 
 
 Halifax, 
 Nova Scotia 
 
 Tryon C'y 
 in ye Prov. 
 New York 
 
 Scotland 
 
 28 yrs 
 
 7 years 
 24 yrs 
 
 An officer, from the year I7SS' 
 
 Abandoned some property and 
 considerable expectation from 
 an opulent relation, strongly 
 attached to the Americans, by 
 making his escape from Phila- 
 delphia to Niagara, in the year 
 1775) where he was appointed 
 an officer in ye Indian depart- 
 ment, and afterwards to a 
 company in the Rangers, in 
 which line Ije has on frequent 
 occasions distinguished himself 
 as an active gallant partisan. 
 
 Came to America with his 
 father and other Highland em- 
 igrants in 1773 ; settled inTry-- 
 oh County, near Johnstown, in 
 the Province of New York;' 
 entered in His Majesty's ser- 
 vice, as a subaltern officer, 14th 
 June, 1775, in the 84th or 
 Royal Highland Emigrants. 
 
 A captain in the York Provin- 
 cial Regiment, last war, com- 
 manded by Col. Oliver de 
 Lancey, and one of His 
 Majesty's Justices of the Peace 
 
 Private gentleman. 
 
 A subaltern promoted from the 
 8S|.th Regiment. 
 
 7 years A gentleman's son ; on the 
 Mohawk river, served in ye In- 
 dian department ; two vears 
 from thence joined the corps of 
 Rangers. , 
 
 Served with the Southern army 
 and recommended to His Ex- 
 cellency the commander-in- 
 chief by Lord George Gerjoflifij 
 
364 
 
 Liimnburgh, or the 
 
 Rank. 
 
 Captain 
 
 Caplain 
 Cap.-U 
 isl Lt. 
 
 ibt Lt. 
 
 Name. 
 
 Louis Genevey 
 
 Andrew Biadt 
 Benjamin I'awliiig 
 John Tiirney 
 
 Jacob Ball 
 
 Ibt Lt. I John Hare 
 
 I'.t Lt. 
 
 1st Lt. 
 
 1st Lt. 
 
 1st Lt. 
 
 I'eler Ball 
 
 Thomas Butler 
 foseph Tennics 
 
 Alex. McDonell 
 
 jst Lt. 
 
 1st Lt. 
 
 Ralph Clinch 
 
 Richard Haiisori 
 
 Place of 
 Nativity. 
 
 .Switzerland 
 
 Len'th 
 of Ser- 
 vice. 
 
 28 yrs 
 
 I'ormer Situations, and 
 Remarks. 
 
 Joined the 60th Regt. as a 
 volunteer in the year 1756, and 
 served until the reduction in 
 1763. Served as adjutant to 
 ye British Militia when Can- 
 ada was invaded in 1775, and 
 was that year appointed quarter- ' 
 master to the 3rd Batt. of the 
 60th Regt., and though upon 
 service in Canada, with leave, 
 and paying another for doing 
 his duty, he was superceded, 
 upon which he was appointed 
 to a con^pany in this corps. 
 
 Schenectady 9 years Farmer's son 
 Philadelphia 17 years' Farmer. 
 
 Slrangford, 
 C't). Down, 
 Ireland 
 
 25 yrs 18 years in King's (or 8th) 
 Regt., 17 of which as non- 
 commissioned officer. 
 
 Schoharry.in 6 years'.^ farmer. Captain of Militia, 
 ye County of jLeft his estate and family in 
 
 Albany, I'ro-I 1778, and brought off part of a 
 
 vinceofNew jcompany of men; joined the 
 
 ^'ork. corps of Rangers. 
 
 .Mohawk Riv 7 \-ears farmer's son. 
 
 i 
 t'lLoTAlbany 5 years Farmer's son. 
 Prov. N, Vk.' 
 
 .Mohawk Riv 3yr,9m 
 
 Stamford, in 6 years 
 
 Connecticut, 
 
 NewEngla'd 
 
 Invernes- ;; years 
 .shire, .Scot- 
 land 
 
 , I'ennsylva'ia 5 years 
 
 :Co'y Tryon,l4 years 
 I I'rov. N. Yk. I 
 
 Lieut. -Col. Butler's 
 Farmer. 
 
 Came to America with his 
 father and other Highland emi- 
 grants in 1773 ; settled in Try- 
 on County, near Johnstown, 
 in the I'rovince of New ^'ork ; 
 entered into His Majesty's ser- 
 vice as a volunteer in the 84th 
 Royal Highland Emigrants. 
 
 Farmer's son, served one year 
 as a volunteer in the King's (or 
 8th) Regiment. 
 
 Farmer. 
 
Old Eastern District. 
 
 i"S 
 
 Rank. 
 
 2nd Lt. 
 
 2nc1 Lt. 
 
 2ncl Lt. 
 2nd Ll. 
 
 2nd Lt. 
 
 Names. 
 
 2nd Lt, 
 
 2nd Lt. 
 2nd Ll. 
 
 2nd Lt. 
 
 .2nd Lt. 
 Adj'ant 
 
 Quarter 
 
 Master 
 
 Surgeon 
 
 Mate 
 
 David Haas 
 
 Charles Tonnancour 
 
 John I3radt 
 Caleb Reynolds 
 
 Chichester McDonell 
 
 Place of ! re , Former Situations, and 
 
 Nativity. '■ Remarks. 
 
 ' Nice. : 
 
 .Somerset Co. 6}^ yrsMill-wright. 
 ENew[ersev 
 
 Philip Leek 
 
 Samuel Tiellie 
 Solomon .Secord 
 
 David .Sutherland 
 
 Andrew Butler 
 William .Smith 
 
 Jessy Pawling 
 
 Canada 
 
 Mohawk Riv 
 
 I'lainfield, 
 Connecticut 
 
 Invernes- 
 
 shire, 
 .Scotland 
 
 Jericho, Co. 
 Albany, Pro- 
 vince of New 
 \'ork. 
 
 New Rochell 
 West Chester 
 Prov. N. M<. 
 
 Scotland 
 
 4 years 
 
 Sun of Col. Tonnancour, of the 
 Militia at Three Rivers. 
 
 Farmer's son. 
 
 7 ycarsi Farmer's son. 
 5 year 
 
 6 )ears 
 
 7 years 
 
 Came toAmerica with his father 
 and other Highland emigrants 
 i" '773; settledjinTryon County 
 near Johnstown, in ye Province 
 of New York; entered His Ma- 
 jesty's service a volunteer in tlie 
 King's Royal Regiment of New 
 York in the year 1778. 
 
 A farmer, served four years in a ■> 
 body of Refiigees at New ^'ork, 
 and two years in tlie cprps of 
 Rangers. ^ 
 
 Three yeai's a volunteer in the 
 44th Reginient, and son of 
 Quarter-Master Tieffie. 
 
 Farmer's son. 
 
 .Served -n year as volunteer in 
 tile 84th Regiment. 
 
 .Vlohawk Riv 9 mos j Lieut. -Colonel Butler's son. 
 Halifax, Co. '32 yrs jIn the army; served twenty-nine 
 
 N'ork, Eng'd 
 
 ,)'ears in the 47th Regiment, 
 nineteen of which a sergeant 
 npd three years in the corps of 
 Rangers. 
 
 Philadelphia !6 yearsil'rivale gentleman. 
 
 Robert M. Guthrie |Limerick, 
 
 i Ireland 
 
 Patrick Burke 
 
 Co. Ma\o, 
 Ireland 
 
 8 years .Six months hospital mate; came 
 Vo America with ye first troops 
 ■ in May, 1776. 
 
 2 )ears .V surgeon to ditrerent trading 
 [vessels. 
 
 John Butlbr, 
 
 Lieut. -Colonel Commanding. 
 
366 
 
 Lunenhurgh, or the 
 
 13- 
 
 Rk'I'urn (ik the Officers of the i.ate P'irst Battalion, Kinc's Royai, 
 Reoiment of New York. 
 
 Rank. 
 
 Name 
 
 Lt.-Ciil. Sir John Johnson, 
 Coui'dt. Bavt. 
 
 Captain 'Angus .McDonald 
 
 Captain 
 
 Captain 
 C'aptain 
 Captain 
 Captain 
 
 Captain 
 
 Captain 
 
 Cap.-Lt 
 
 Lieut. 
 
 Lieut. 
 
 Lieut. 
 
 Place of 
 Nativity. 
 
 America 
 
 M.ajor James CJray .Scotland 
 
 John Mumo 
 
 Patrick Daly 
 Richard Duncan 
 Samuel .-Vnderson. 
 John McDonell 
 
 Ale.x. McDonell 
 
 Arch'd McDonell 
 Allan McDonell 
 i\Lalc()lm McMartin 
 Peter Everett 
 John Prentiss 
 
 .Scotland 
 
 Scotland 
 
 Ireland 
 Scotland 
 America 
 Scotland 
 
 Scotland 
 
 Scotland 
 .Scotland 
 .Scotland 
 America 
 America 
 
 Len'th 
 of .Ser- 
 vice. 
 
 8 years 
 
 26 yrs 
 
 !5 yrs 
 
 8 )'ears 
 
 9 years 
 13 yrs 
 8 years 
 8 years 
 
 8 years 
 
 8 years 
 8 years 
 
 8 years 
 7 years 
 
 9 years 
 
 Former Situations and 
 Remarks. 
 
 Succeeded his father, the late .Sir 
 Wm. Johnson, as major-general 
 of the Northern District of the 
 Province of New York ; was in 
 possession of near 2OO,0O0acres 
 of valuable land, lost in conse- 
 quence of the rebellion. 
 Ensign in Lord Loudon's Regi- 
 ment, 1745 ; lieut. and capt., 
 in ye 42nd till after taking the 
 Havannah, at which time he 
 sold out.* Had some landed 
 property, part of which is se- 
 cured to his Son, ye remnant 
 lost in consequence of the re- 
 bellion. 
 
 Ensign in 60th Regt., 8th July, 
 :76o; lieut. in same regiment, 
 27th Dec, 1770. Sold out on 
 account of bad state of health, 
 22nd May, 1775. Had no 
 lands. J 
 
 Had considerable landed prop- 
 erty lost in consequence of ye 
 rebeUion, and served in last 
 war in America. 
 Lieut, in the 84th Regiment at 
 the seige of Quebec, 1775-76. 
 Five years ensign in the 55th 
 Regiment. 
 
 Had landed property, and 
 served in last war in America. 
 Had landed property, 500 
 acres, purchased, and began to 
 imjDrove in April, 1774. 
 200 acres of land in fee simple, 
 under Sir John Johnson, Bart., 
 ye annual rent ol £,(> per 100. 
 Merchant. Had no lands. 
 
 Held 200 acres of land under 
 Sir John Johnson, at^6per 100. 
 Held 100 acres of land under 
 Sir John Johnson, at £ii. 
 Had some landed property. 
 
 A volunteer at the seige of 
 Quebec, 1775-76. 
 
 ■f Havannah was taken in 1762. Gray sold out in 1763. 
 
Old Eastern District. 
 
 367 
 
 Rank. 
 
 Lieut. 
 Lieut. 
 
 Lieut. 
 
 Lieut. 
 Lieut. 
 
 Lieut. 
 
 Lieut. 
 
 Lieut. 
 
 Ensign 
 
 Ensign 
 
 Name 
 
 Place of 
 Nativity. 
 
 Hugh McDonell 
 John F. Holland 
 
 William Coffin 
 
 Jacob Farrand 
 William Claus 
 
 Hugh Munro 
 Joseph Anderson 
 Thomas Smith 
 John Connolly > 
 Jacob Glen 
 
 Ensign 
 Ensign 
 Ensign 
 
 Ensign 
 Ensign 
 
 Ensign 
 
 Chapl'n 
 
 Adjl. 
 (^)uai-ter 
 Master 
 .Surgeon 
 Male 
 
 Miles McDonell 
 Ebenezer Anderson 
 Duncan Cameron 
 
 John Mann 
 Francis McCartliy 
 
 John ^'a]c'ntinc 
 
 John Dqty 
 
 James A'alentine 
 
 Isaac Mann 
 Charles Austin 
 James Stewart 
 
 Scotland 
 America 
 
 America 
 
 America 
 America 
 
 America 
 
 America 
 
 Ireland 
 
 Ireland 
 
 America 
 
 Scotland 
 America 
 Scotland 
 
 America 
 Ireland 
 
 America 
 
 America 
 
 Ireland 
 
 Ameri"ca 
 England 
 Scotland 
 
 Len'th 
 of Ser- 
 vice. 
 
 Former Situations, and 
 Remarks. 
 
 7 years Son of Capt. McDonell. 
 
 5 years Son of Major Holland, surveyor- 
 
 , general, Province of Quebec. 
 3 years Son of Mr. Coffin, merchant. 
 
 late of Boston. 
 
 Nephew to Major Gray. 
 
 7 years 
 7 years 
 
 6 years 
 6 years 
 4 years 
 
 2 years 
 
 3 years 
 
 3 years 
 6, years 
 14 yrs 
 
 5 years 
 28 yrs 
 
 24 yrs 
 
 8 yefirs 
 
 4 years 
 
 8 years 
 22 yrs 
 14 yrs 
 
 Son of Col. Claus, deputy 
 agent Indian affairs. 
 Son of Capt. John Munro. 
 Son of Capt. Samuel Anderson. 
 Son of Dr. Smith. 
 Private gentleman. 
 Son of John Glen. Esq., of 
 Schenectady- Had consider- 
 able landed property. 
 San of Capt. John McDonell. 
 Son of Capt. Samuel Anderson. 
 In service last war preceding 
 this one. 
 
 Private^ gentleman. 
 Formerly sergeant' in the 34lh 
 Regiment. 
 
 l8 years in 55th and 62nd 
 Regiments. ' 
 
 Formerly minister of the Gospel 
 at .Schenectady. 
 .Son of ensign John Valentine. 
 
 Merchant. 
 
 14 years in hospital work. 
 Surgeon's male in the 42nd 
 Regiment the war before last. 
 
 14. 
 
 Rkturn of the Ofi'icers of the late Secon'd Battalion, Kinc;'s Rovat. 
 Regiment of New York. 
 
 Rank. 
 
 Major 
 
 Captain 
 Captain 
 
 Names. 
 
 Robert Leake 
 
 Thomas Gumniesell 
 1- 
 Jacob Maiirer 
 
 Place of 
 Nativity. 
 
 England 
 
 England 
 Foreigner 
 
 Len'th 
 of .Ser- 
 vice. 
 
 7 years 
 
 8 years 
 28 yrs 
 
 Former Situations and 
 Remarks. 
 
 Had large landed property, (.\:c. , 
 lost in consequence of the re- 
 bellion. 
 
 Formerly merchant in New 
 York. 
 
 Served in ye army in the 6olh 
 Regiment, from 1756 to 1763, 
 afterwards in the quarter-mast- 
 er general's department. 
 
368 
 
 Lunenburgh, or the 
 
 
 
 Place of 
 
 Len'th 
 of Ser- 
 vice. 
 
 Former Situations and 
 
 Rank. 
 
 Name. 
 
 Nativity. 
 
 Remarks. 
 
 Captain 
 
 William Morrison 
 
 Scotland. 
 
 8 yenrs 
 
 Was lieut., 19th June, 1776, in 
 
 
 
 
 1st Batt.: capt., iSth Nov., 
 
 
 
 
 
 1 781, in 2nd Batt. 
 
 (';iplain 
 
 James McDonell 
 
 .Scotland. 
 
 8 years 
 
 Held 200 acres of land in fee 
 
 
 
 
 simple, under Sir John |ohn- 
 
 
 
 
 ison, at £(> per lOO. 
 
 Captain 
 
 (ieorge Singleton 
 
 Ireland 
 
 8 years; Formerly merchant. 
 
 Captain 
 
 \Vm. Kerlford Craw- 
 
 America 
 
 8 yearsll-Ield lands under Sir John 
 
 
 ford 
 
 
 Johnson. 
 
 Captain 
 
 — Byrns 
 
 Iieland 
 
 Syears'IIeld lands under Sir John 
 'Johnson. 
 
 Captain 
 
 — Lep.sconib 
 
 England 
 
 7 years|Midshipman, Koyal Navy 
 
 Ca|itain 
 
 — McKenzie 
 
 Scotland 
 
 8 years, Held lands under Sir John 
 Jolmson. 
 
 Lieut. 
 
 Patrick Langan 
 
 Ireland 
 
 7 years. Private gentleman. 
 
 Lieut. 
 
 Walter Sutherland 
 
 Scotland 
 
 to yrsiSoldier and non-commissioned 
 officer in 26th Regt. ; ensign, 
 17th Oct., 1779, in 1st Batt.; 
 
 [lieut., Nov., 1781, in and Batt. 
 
 Lieut. 
 
 William McKay 
 
 Scotland 
 
 15 yrs 7 years volunteer and sergeant, 
 
 
 
 
 
 in 2ist Kegiment. 
 
 Lieut. 
 
 Neal Kol)ertson 
 
 Scotland 
 
 8 years 
 
 Merchant. 
 
 Lieut. 
 
 Henry Young 
 
 America 
 
 8 years 
 
 Farmer. 
 
 Lieut. 
 
 John Howard 
 
 Ireland 
 
 13 yrs 
 
 l''armer; served 6 years last war. 
 from 1755 to 1 761, as soldier 
 and non-commissioned ofticer 
 
 
 
 
 lin 28th Kegim'ent. 
 
 Lieut. 
 
 Jeremiah French 
 
 .America 
 
 7 years Farmer. 
 
 Lieut. 
 
 Philip P. Lansingh 
 
 America 
 
 4 years High Sheriff, Chariot county. 
 
 Lieut. 
 
 Hazelton Spencer 
 
 America 
 
 7 years Farmer. 
 
 Lieut. 
 
 Oliver Church 
 
 America 
 
 7 years Farmer. 
 
 Lieut. 
 
 William Eraser 
 
 Scotland 
 
 7 years] Farmer. 
 
 Lieut. 
 
 Christian Wher 
 
 Foreigner 
 
 7 )'earsj Farmer. 
 
 linsign 
 
 AIe.\-. McKenzie 
 
 N. Britain 
 
 4 years! Farmer. 
 
 Ensign 
 
 Ronald McDonell 
 
 N. Britain 
 
 3 years! Farmer. 
 
 Ensign 
 
 — Hay 
 
 America 
 
 3 yearSiSon ofCiovernor Hay at Detroit. 
 
 Ensign 
 
 Samuel McKay 
 
 America 
 
 3 years 
 
 Son of the late Captain McKay. 
 
 Ensign 
 
 Timothy Thompson 
 
 America 
 
 3 years 
 
 Private gentleman. 
 
 Ensign 
 
 John McKay 
 
 America 
 
 3 years 
 
 Sonofthelatc Captain McKay. 
 
 J^nsign 
 
 — Johnson 
 
 Ireland 
 
 2 years^ 
 
 Nephew to the late Sir William 
 Johnson, Bart. 
 
 Ensign 
 
 — Crawford 
 
 America 
 
 4 years 
 
 Son of Captain Crawford. 
 
 ('hai>rn 
 
 John Stewart 
 
 America 
 
 3 years 
 
 Missionary for the Mohawk 
 Indians at Fort Hunter. 
 
 A.ljt. 
 
 — Eraser 
 
 Scotland 
 
 10 yrs 
 
 7 years soldier and non-com- 
 
 f^uarter 
 
 
 
 
 missioned officer in 34th Regt. 
 
 Master 
 
 — Dies 
 
 America 
 
 7 years 
 
 Farmer. 
 
 •Sm-geon 
 
 ii. Ken- 
 
 Scotland 
 
 3 years 
 
 Assistant surgeon. 
 
Old Eastern District. 
 
 369 
 
 APPENDIX B. 
 
 Roll of the 2nd Battalion of the King's Royal Regiment 
 of New York, copied by permission of Dr. Canniff from his 
 work, "The Settlement of Upper Canada." The original roll 
 is in the possession of Mr. Sills. See page 439 of Dr. Canniff's 
 book. I have arranged this copy of the roll alphabetically for 
 more easy reference : — 
 
 Albery, Richard 
 Athersoii, Charles 
 Ashley, Samuel 
 Arginsinger, John 
 Argussiger, Philip 
 Albert, Edward 
 Abstrie, Lamliert 
 Urefsea, Gabriel 
 lircfsea, Christopher 
 Hanks, John, junjor 
 Banks, John, senior 
 Brant, Franc 
 Baxter, Lawrence 
 Benedict, Benjamin 
 Berniis, Gother 
 Bondish, John 
 Badenach, John 
 Berrn, John 
 Berron, John 
 Barnhart, David 
 Baltingal, Jacob 
 Baltingal, .Samuel 
 Heedehee, John 
 Barnhart, George 
 Bailer, William 
 Bell, Johnson 
 Butte, Barnard 
 Barnhart, Nicholas 
 Barnhart, Jacob 
 Barnhart, John 
 Brown, Nicholas 
 Eurch, Jacob 
 Brown, James 
 Bomteal, Luke 
 Barnhart, Charles 
 
 Beranny, William 
 Boner, Gasper 
 Boner, Adam 
 Bender, .Samuel 
 Baltingal, Jacob 
 Brant, John 
 
 Bor\'en, William, junior 
 Baker, Henry 
 Borven, William, senior 
 Bush, Henry 
 Bartley, Michael 
 Hartley, Isaac 
 Ball, .Samuel 
 Clark, Alexander 
 Cobman, Jacob 
 Coons, Jacob 
 Coons, David 
 Campbell, Matthew 
 Counrad, William 
 Coolcraft, Christian 
 Cook, Seth 
 Catchcatch,'^Christian 
 Cornell, I'atner 
 Christie, George 
 Carscallion, John 
 Carscallion, Luke 
 Cole, John 
 Calder, John 
 Coons, Simon 
 Coons, Peter 
 Cronkhite, John 
 Cornelious, John 
 Curtis, John 
 Cameron, Alexander 
 Cameron, Angus 
 
 Cameron, Donald 
 Clarke, Hugh 
 Chisholni, Donald 
 Christie, George 
 Clute, John 
 Cooper, Thomas 
 Cook, Silas 
 Coomb, John 
 Coomb, Barnard 
 Christian, John 
 Christian, Simon 
 Cameron, William 
 Cugh, George 
 Culman, Frederick 
 Connor, Christi.an 
 Cox, Alexander 
 Crowder, Anthony 
 Crowder, John 
 Crowder, William 
 Cadman, William 
 Cadman, George 
 Coundouse, George 
 Critchet, Bartholomew 
 Church, Oliver 
 Cotter, Richard 
 Clement, Joseph 
 Cameron, Archibald 
 Cook, Robert 
 Clark, Thomas 
 Chisholm, Allen 
 Chisholm, Duncan 
 Cain, John 
 Coon, Jacob 
 Campbell, John 
 Cain, Barney 
 
370 
 
 Lunenburgh, or the 
 
 Cool<, Joseph 
 Civan, Thomas 
 Christie, Abeah 
 Crawford, William 
 Cruniwell, Nicholas 
 Crawford, Bryan 
 Clark, Jaail) 
 Clark, John 
 Chisholm, Hugh 
 Duhell, Cornelius 
 Dcwitt, Caston 
 1 ))'ckman, Martin 
 Defovest, Abraham 
 Deal, Peter 
 Deal, I'elcr 
 Dyck, Nicholas 
 Dyck, Ilenry 
 Deal, Adam 
 Detlor, \^alentine 
 Detlor, Jacob 
 Davis, I'eler 
 Dagetger, tieorge 
 Douser, John 
 Dire, John 
 DaviSj Henry 
 1 )ogstader, Adam 
 Dengandre, Crarrett 
 Dogstader, Ponipey 
 Dow, Thomas ' 
 Delong, John 
 Davis, Henry 
 Dodger, Thomas 
 Deal, Henry 
 Dogstider, John 
 Dcrvitt, John 
 Delorm, John 
 Donevan, Herener 
 Deprender, Geort^re 
 Emerish, Henry 
 lOamer, Peter 
 Earheart, Simon 
 li^averson, John 
 Edgar, John 
 Earner, I'hilip 
 P^vans, Tomy 
 Erwing, Robert 
 I^nYburg, .'Vndrew 
 Evans, Bolton 
 i^'glon, Leonard 
 Eastwood, John 
 Koster, Moses 
 l^'riar, Samuel 
 Kile, John 
 J'Vanklirr, Johp 
 Fend, Andrew 
 Metcher, John 
 
 French, Andrew 
 Finkle, George 
 Foy, John 
 Foy, Daniel 
 Farling, John" 
 PTke, Peter 
 Fairchild, Benjamin 
 Faish, Christian 
 Filzpatrick, George 
 Foy, Francis 
 Fosseni, Daniel 
 French, Albert 
 Flamsbury, ^^"illiam 
 P'arrent, Matthew 
 P'arling, John 
 Planagan, James 
 Faber, David 
 P"itzgerald, William 
 Furney, Rodolph 
 Furney, Adam 
 Gates, Thomas 
 Grant, Alexander 
 Goose, Frederick 
 CJilbert, Luke 
 Graham, Thomas 
 Grant, Peter 
 Gold, Edward 
 Gallinger, George 
 Gardiner, John 
 Gilbert, Nathaniel 
 Graham, William 
 .Grant, l^eter 
 Plopkinson, John 
 Haines, Barast 
 PLaines, Frederick 
 Haines, John 
 Haines, David 
 Ployle, John 
 Hoyle, Peter 
 House, John 
 Huffman, Jacob 
 Henerham, Andrew 
 Hill, Timothy . 
 Hart, Zachariah 
 Howell, Warren 
 Pluben, Peter 
 Hugh,, John 
 Pfenning, Henry 
 Plawley, Jacob 
 Ilelse, Frederick 
 Hugh, Henry 
 Pfendrick, Peter 
 Helmer, Adam 
 Harbinger, John 
 Hawdord, Edward 
 Ilurd, Tpd 
 
 Heming, Andrew 
 Hamilton, Thomas 
 House, Coomroot 
 
 (Conrad ?) 
 Fiedler, Adam 
 Hellen, John 
 Hummerly, Andrew 
 Heller, Henry 
 Ploward, William 
 Plarding, Richard 
 Plellinger, Abraham 
 Howell, John 
 Hoyt, Francis 
 Hart, Jothan 
 Hart, Nathaniel 
 Plough, C^eorge 
 Plight, Matthew 
 Horan, Peter 
 Plotan, Jacob 
 Hubbert, Jubilee 
 Hegel, John 
 Ham, John 
 f-Jelmmer, John 
 Howard, Christian 
 . Ploran, Joseph 
 Johnson, Henry 
 Johnson, John 
 Jones, Thomas 
 Jones, John 
 Johnson, A\'illiam 
 Johnson, Prince 
 Kough, Peter 
 Kreem, John 
 Kough, James 
 Knight, Benjamin 
 Koughnet, John 
 Kenedy, Robert 
 Kenton, John 
 ICoughnet, William 
 Koliph, Henry 
 Koughnet,* Michac 
 Koughnet,* John 
 Laraney, Jonas 
 Loukes, Jacob 
 Lount, John 
 Lishamblier, David 
 Litcher, John 
 Latoch, Plalburt 
 Landras, Samuel 
 Logest, Andre^v 
 Law, Samuel 
 Lonkey, George 
 Lonkey, Henry 
 Loukes, Abraham 
 Loft, David 
 Laryo, Matthew 
 
 Th 
 
 esc names 
 
 are spelled Roughnel, probably a typographical erroi 
 
Old Eastern District, 
 
 371 
 
 ^Lambert, John 
 JNTorden, John 
 Morrison, James 
 Afillross, Andrew 
 Matthews, I'ompey 
 Middletoh, Reuben 
 Magle, Ciotlip 
 Medagh, John 
 Myers, John 
 Mure, John 
 Miller, John 
 Murdoff, CJeorge 
 Murdoff, James 
 Murdoff, George 
 Moss, Simon 
 Matthew, Jacob 
 Martin, Robert 
 Martin, Patrick 
 iMirile, Jacolj 
 Minse, John 
 Matthew, Nicholas 
 Mitchell, John 
 McCardy, Jacob 
 McCarty, William 
 McDougall, Alexander 
 McUonell, John, senior 
 McDonell, John, junior 
 McDonell, Roderick 
 .\icDonell, Ronald 
 McDonell, Daniel 
 JMcDonald, Duncan 
 McGowen, Stephen - 
 McGran, Owen 
 McGraw, Denis 
 ^Iclntyre, John 
 Mclntyre, Duncan 
 McKay, Stephen 
 McLennan, John 
 McPherson, James 
 McPherson, lyaughlin 
 McPherson, Donald 
 McTaggart, James 
 Northrop, Eson 
 Noon, William 
 Narramore, Esau 
 Nicholson, William 
 Nellinger, Abraham 
 Oxbury, John 
 Plattu, Alexander 
 Phillips, Michael 
 Phillips, Peter 
 Pember, Philip 
 Priest, Jacob 
 Pitcher, Cornelius 
 Plant, Peter 
 Prest, George 
 Pafsons, John 
 
 Penn, Matthew 
 Prentice, Daniel 
 Pritchell, John 
 Phillips, Jacolj 
 Porker, Isaac 
 Peacock, John 
 Phillips, Elijah 
 Phillips, John 
 Rankins, James 
 Redding, Francis 
 Rahall, John 
 Reynold, William 
 Ross, Alexander 
 Randal, Joseph 
 Ranley, Jacob 
 Rollin, Thomas 
 Rood, Mirchell 
 Ramsay, Adam 
 Reutuer, George 
 Rogers, John 
 Rond)augh, Jacob 
 Rombaugh, John 
 Rombaugh, Andrew 
 Rombaugh, \\'illiam 
 Ross, Thomas, senior 
 Ross, Thomas, junior 
 Ross, John 
 Roaf, John 
 Ryan, Dennis 
 Rowland, Jervis 
 Rierman, Henry 
 Rapole, George 
 Rote, George 
 Rogers, William 
 Robertson, Daniel 
 Simmons, fonas 
 Scot, Daniel 
 Shaw, William 
 Sholter, John 
 Swartfager, Frederick 
 Smith, Stephen 
 Smith, Jacob 
 Sipperly, Philip 
 Shilliner, Christian 
 Scyler, Nicholas 
 Sullivan, George 
 Snyder, Jacob 
 Snider, Ludwick 
 Sills, John 
 Sills, Lawrence 
 Sills, George 
 Smith, Michael 
 Smith, Philip 
 Swathfayer, John 
 Sutter, Isaac 
 Sullivan, Cornelius 
 Shirley, John 
 
 Shellop, Henry 
 Smith, Jacob 
 .Sarrabe, Elijah 
 Suckey, Samuel 
 Saver, John 
 Savanay, Alexander 
 Sambert, David 
 Sawyer, ^^'illiam 
 Shellop, Christian 
 Smith, Daniel 
 Sheek, Christian 
 Schnars, Frederick 
 Starring, Jacob 
 Severn, Peter 
 Serons, Philip 
 Smith, John 
 Sherman, William 
 Schilles, Henry 
 Service, Henry 
 Shaver, Adam 
 Sample, Hugh 
 Street, Daniel 
 Staly, Toliias 
 Stering, (ieorge 
 Sautner, Jacob 
 Shaver, James 
 Smith, William 
 Smith, Peter 
 Sweeny, Daniel 
 Stewart, John 
 Thomson, Thomas 
 Thom, ^\'illiam 
 Titehert, James 
 Tarhoson, David 
 Teague, John 
 Tute, John 
 Tingorac, John 
 Turnever, William 
 Thoyer, David 
 Toyer, Richard 
 Truax, Isaac 
 Turnburing, John 
 Tower, John 
 Towar, Cantobert 
 Tarrainy, Isaac 
 Tarrang, Abraham 
 Teague, Jacob 
 Tomsset, Benjamin 
 Teahy, Adam 
 'Vanalstine, James 
 N'izie, Joseph 
 Valentine, Alexander 
 Vandregoo, Philip 
 Weegaf, Jacob 
 Wher, John 
 Wallan, Sanniel 
 Werst, lohn 
 
372 
 
 WiUoughby, William 
 William, Albert 
 Winter, Jacob 
 Wilson, t^irnes 
 Winter, Henry 
 Willinger, Michael 
 Windaker, John 
 Warmly, tacob 
 Woodcock, Abraham 
 
 Lunenburgh, or the 
 
 Woodcock, Pclcr 
 Welsh, Morris 
 Wilson, James 
 Winter, Tutor 
 Witts, Henry' 
 Witts, John 
 Wright, John 
 Walroda, Jacob 
 Wood, James 
 Wood, William 
 
 Weegar, Thomas 
 West, John 
 Young, Daniel 
 Young, Peter 
 Young, Stephen 
 Young, Peter 
 Young, Cain 
 
 Ylline, 
 
 Zenith, Peter 
 
 The following list was obtained from the late Donald 
 yEneas McDonell, late Warden of the Provincial Penetentiary, 
 who was the grandson of Captain John McDonell : — 
 
 List of officers, non-commissioned officers and privates of 
 the Grenadier Company, of the First Battalion of the King's 
 Royal Regiment of New York, in the year 1782 : 
 
 Captain— John McDonell. 
 
 LllCUTENANTS. 
 
 Peter Everitt, John Prentice. 
 
 Sekcieaxi's. 
 John McKeo John Empey Joseph Benedict. 
 
 CORl'ORALS. 
 Duncan Jlc.Vrtliur Nicholas Denney John Coltman 
 
 DliUMMKRS. 
 
 Alexander Rose Leonard Stoneburner 
 
 <T Nicholas Mattice 
 James Dingwall 
 Jacob Asten 
 Francis Putman 
 
 ■ — Peter Loucks 
 John Stawing 
 John MuUin 
 Michael Ault 
 John McDonell 
 Francis Albraiit 
 
 Marcus Shaver 
 
 Christien Harris 
 Conrade Coons 
 John Crabtrie 
 'John Bangle 
 John Foster 
 Joseph Mott 
 
 Privates. 
 B.alshczar Tablebach 
 Alexander McDonell 
 Nicholas Ault 
 Donald McGillis 
 David Jacocks 
 Daniel Morden 
 Richard Langdou 
 Caspar Coons 
 John Coons 
 Abraham Freese 
 F'rancis Bratham 
 George Murray 
 Jeremiah Snyder 
 John Paddock 
 NicholaiL j'ren iier 
 Angus Grant , 
 William Orkard 
 
 Martin Meddock 
 John Redick 
 Adam Empey 
 Solomon Tutlle 
 David Kelchum 
 Joseph Loucks — 
 Philip Stottie 
 John O'Brien 
 Jacob Denney 
 Michael Gallanger 
 Conrad Devon 
 Jacob Sheets 
 Duncan Mclntyre 
 Francis Prime 
 James Willis 
 Philip Frcemier. — 
 
Old Eastern District, 
 
 373 
 
 APPENDIX C. 
 
 List of officers, non-commissioned officers and men of 
 the 84th Regiment, the King's Royal Regiment of New York, 
 the Loyal Rangers (Major Jessup's corps), Butler's Rangers, 
 etc., who settled in the eastern part of Upper Canada. Copied 
 by permission of Messrs. Hunter, Rose & Co., from " The 
 Centennial of the Settlement of Upper Canada," published in 
 1885: 
 
 NA.-MES. 
 
 KESIDENX'E. 
 
 KECIMEXI'. 
 
 Abcaham, Christian 
 
 Ernest town 
 
 R. R. N. \. 
 
 Aby, George 
 
 Eastern District 
 
 44th 
 
 Adams, Andrew 
 
 Edwardsburgh 
 
 K. R. 
 
 Adams, Elijah Curtis 
 
 E. District 
 
 Soldier \ Corps not 
 
 Adams, Erray 
 
 do 
 
 Soldier f stated. 
 
 Adams, Gideon 
 
 do 
 
 L. R., Lieutenant 
 
 Adams, James 
 
 do 
 
 K.R. 
 
 Adams, Joel 
 
 do 
 
 do 
 
 Adams, Samuel 
 
 do 
 
 Capt. under Gen. Burgoyne 
 
 Adams, Sam. William 
 
 do 
 
 K. R., Sergeant 
 
 Airhart, Simon 
 
 Edwardsburgh 
 
 L. R. 
 
 Albrant, Francis 
 
 E. District 
 
 R. R. N. \. 
 
 Albrant, Henry 
 
 do 
 
 do 
 
 Algire, Martin 
 
 do 
 
 do 
 
 Algire, senior, William 
 
 do 
 
 do 
 
 Alt, Nicholas 
 
 do 
 
 do 
 
 Aman or Anion, John 
 
 do 
 
 do 
 
 Aman, Jacob 
 
 do 
 
 do 
 
 Arney, John James 
 
 Ernest town 
 
 \\ith Gen. Burgoyne 
 
 Amon, Laurence 
 
 E. District 
 
 R. R. N. V. [Jessup's 
 
 Amor, Peter, ' 
 
 do 
 
 do 
 
 Amor, Philip 
 
 do 
 
 do 
 
 Amsberry, William 
 
 Ernest town 
 
 L. R. 
 
 Amy, Nicholas 
 
 do 
 
 do 
 
 Anderson, Ebenezer 
 
 E. District 
 
 R. R. N. v., Ensign 
 
 Anderson, Elisha 
 
 do 
 
 do 
 
 Anderson, Henry 
 
 do 
 
 L. K. 
 
 R.R.N.Y.— King's Royal Regiment of New York (Sir John Johnson's corps.) 
 
 L. R. — Loyal Rangers (Jessup's corps.) 
 
 K. R. — King's Rangers. 
 
 O. R. — Orange Rangers. 
 
 B. R. — Butler's Rangers, ''■ 
 
374 
 
 Lmienburgh, or the 
 
 1 NAMES. 
 
 RESIDENCE. 
 
 REGIMENT. 
 
 Anderson, James 
 
 E. District 
 
 R. R. N. Y. 
 
 Anderson, Joseph 
 
 do 
 
 do Lieutenant 
 
 Anderson, Samuel 
 
 do 
 
 do Captain 
 
 Annable, John 
 
 do 
 
 do Sergeant 
 
 Arkenbrack, John 
 
 do 
 
 L. R. 
 
 ArnjStrong, John 
 
 do 
 
 do 
 
 Armstrong, Thomas 
 
 lulwardsburgh 
 
 Served under Gen. Burgoyne 
 
 As-iclstine, John 
 
 Ernest town 
 
 L. R. 
 
 Asselstine, Peter 
 
 do 
 
 do 
 
 Ave rail, Robert 
 
 E. District 
 
 R, R. N. v., Drummer 
 
 Avery, Joseph 
 
 do 
 
 do Fifer 
 
 Ault, Everhart 
 
 do 
 
 do 1 
 
 Aiilt, i\Iichael 
 
 do Matilda 
 
 do 
 
 Aiill, John 
 
 do 
 
 do 
 
 Bailey, John 
 
 do 
 
 Ship carpenter 
 
 Bailey, Levi 
 
 do 
 
 Delancy's RegimenI 
 
 Baker, senior, Adam 
 
 do 
 
 R. R. N. Y. 
 
 -Baker, Benjamin 
 
 do Lancaster do 
 
 Baker, Conrad t 
 
 do Williamsburg do 
 
 Baker, Frederick 
 
 Ernest town 
 
 L. R. 
 
 liiker, Henry 
 
 E.District, Matilda 
 
 R. R. N. Y. 
 
 Baker, Martin 
 
 do 
 
 do 
 
 Ball, Shadrack 
 
 Ernest town 
 
 L. R. 
 
 Ball, Solomon 
 
 do 
 
 do 
 
 Barnhart, Charles 
 
 Fredericksburgh , 
 
 R. R. N. Y, 
 
 Barnhart, George 
 
 E. District 
 
 do Sergeant 
 
 Barnhart, John 
 
 H. District 
 
 do 
 
 Barnhart. Jacob 
 
 E. District 
 
 do 
 
 Barnhart, Nicholas 
 
 do 
 
 do 
 
 Bartley, Isaiah 
 
 Fredericksburgh 
 
 do 
 
 Bartley, Michael 
 
 do 
 
 do 
 
 Barton, Thomas 
 
 E. District 
 
 L. R. 
 
 Batman, Samuel 
 
 do 
 
 do - 
 
 Baxter, William 
 
 do 
 
 R. R. N. Y. 
 
 Beach, John 
 
 *J. District 
 
 Sergeant 
 
 Beach, "Samuel 
 
 Ernest town 
 
 L. R. ' 
 
 Beavins or Bavins, James 
 
 do 
 
 do 
 
 Behn, John 
 
 Fredericksburgh 
 
 R. R. N. Y 
 
 Bell, Duncan 
 
 do 
 
 K. R. 
 
 Bell, Thomas 
 
 do 
 
 R. R. N. ^'. 
 
 Bell, William 
 
 do 
 
 K. R., Sergeant 
 
 Bender, George 
 
 E. District 
 
 R. R. N. Y. 
 
 Benedict, John 
 
 do Matilda 
 
 do 
 
 Benedict, Joseph 
 
 do 
 
 do Corporal 
 
 Bennet, Corporal 
 
 do 
 
 L. R. 
 
 Berkley, Averhart 
 
 do Wmsburgh 
 
 B. R.t 
 
 Berrard or Bernard, Ale.x'i 
 
 r do 
 
 L. R. ■ 
 
 Bethune, Angus 
 
 do. 
 
 R. R. N. Y. 
 
 Bethune, Rev. John 
 
 do 
 
 Chaplain 84th Regiment 
 
 Bettersworth, James 
 
 do 
 
 R. R. N. Y. 
 
 Birch, Jacob 
 
 Fredericksburgh 
 
 do 
 
 Bold, senior, Thomas 
 
 Edwardsburgh 
 
 Quarter-master's Dept, 
 
 Bishop, John 
 
 E.District, Matilda 
 
 R, R. N. Y, 
 
 * Johnstown District. 
 
 t B. R.— Butler's Rangers, 
 
Old Eastern District. 
 
 375 
 
 Benson, Matthew 
 
 Blacker, John 
 
 Bogart, Gilbert or Gyspert 
 
 Bonistal, Jacob 
 
 Booth, Joshua 
 
 Bottoni, Elijah 
 
 Bough or Eouclc, John 
 
 Bough, senior, Frederick 
 
 Bough, junior, Frederick 
 
 Bouk, Adam 
 
 Bouk, senior. Christian 
 
 Bouck, Frederick 
 
 Bowen, Luke 
 •"-Bowen, William 
 
 Bower, Adam 
 
 Bower, Caspar 
 
 Boyce, Andrew 
 
 Boyce, John 
 
 Boyce, Stephen 
 
 Brackenridge, David 
 
 Brackenridge, James 
 
 Bradshaw, John 
 — Bradt, Arent 
 
 Brannan, William 
 
 Brant, Henry 
 
 Bready, James 
 
 Bready, Luke 
 
 Briscoe, Isaac 
 
 Briscoe, Nathan 
 
 Browce, George 
 
 Brown, Abraham 
 
 Brouse, Joseph 
 
 Brouse, Peter 
 
 Brouse, Peter 
 
 Brown, senior, Jesse 
 
 Brown, junior, Jesse 
 
 Brown, Nathan 
 
 Brown, Nathaniel 
 
 Brown, Thomas 
 
 Bruce, Alexander 
 
 Brpmdage, John 
 
 Bryan, John 
 
 Bemsley, Buel 
 
 Buel, William 
 
 Bulson Cornelius 
 
 Bunker, Bethuel 
 
 Bunker, John 
 
 Burley, Freeman 
 
 Burrit, Stephen 
 
 Bush, Henry 
 
 Butler, senior, Freelove 
 
 Byrnes, Esq., William 
 
 Cadmen, senior, John 
 
 Cadman, junior, John 
 
 RESIDENCE. 
 
 Fredericksburgh 
 Marysborough 
 Adoiphustown 
 E. District 
 Ernest town 
 E. District 
 
 do 
 
 do 
 
 do 
 
 do 
 ' do 
 
 do W'msljurgh 
 E. District, Matilda 
 Fredericksburgh 
 Ernest town ' 
 Fredericksburgh 
 Ernest town 
 E. District, Matilda 
 Ernest town 
 E. District 
 
 do 
 
 do Osnaliruck 
 H. District -^ 
 E. District 
 Fredericksburgh 
 Kingston 
 E. District 
 Ernest town 
 
 do 
 E. District 
 Augusta 
 Matilda 
 E. District 
 
 do 
 
 do 
 .\ do 
 Augusta 
 E. District 
 
 do 
 
 REGIMENT. 
 
 O. R. * 
 L. R. 
 
 L. Refugees 
 L.R. 
 do Surgeon 
 do Ensign 
 R. R. N. Y. 
 
 do \ 
 
 do 
 do 
 do 
 do 
 do 
 do 
 do 
 do 
 do 
 do 
 L. R. 
 do Ensign 
 do Captain 
 c R. R. N. v., Corporal 
 do 
 84th 
 
 R. R. ]\. V. 
 do 
 do 
 L. R. 
 
 do 
 R. R. N. \. 
 \ L. R. 
 R. R. N. \. 
 do 
 do 
 L. R. 
 do 
 
 do . 
 do 
 do 
 
 do Glengarry Soldier (Quere, 84th ?) 
 
 do 
 
 do 
 
 do 
 
 do 
 Williamsburgh 
 !•:. District' 
 
 do 
 Ernest town 
 E. District 
 M. District 
 Ernest town 
 Charlottenburgh 
 E, District 
 
 do 
 
 do Delancy's Regt. 
 L. R., Reverend 
 K. R. 
 
 L. R. , Ensign 
 R. R. N. Y., Dnimnier 
 
 do 
 
 do 
 L. R. 
 
 N. R. K. R., Sergeant 
 R. R. N. Y. 
 L. R. 
 R. R. N. V. , Captain 
 
 do 
 
 do 
 
 O. R. — Orange Rangers. 
 
376 
 
 Lunenburgh, or the 
 
 NAMKS. 
 
 RESIDENCE. 
 
 REGIMENT. 
 
 Cadman William 
 
 Fredericksblirgh 
 
 R. R. N. Y. 
 
 Calder, William 
 
 E. District 
 
 do 
 
 Caldwell, John 
 
 do 
 
 do 
 
 Campbell, Esq., Alex. 
 
 do 
 
 L. R. , Lieutenant 
 
 Campbell, Allen 
 
 Elizabethtown 
 
 do 
 
 Campbell, Daniel 
 
 E. D't.W'msburgh 
 
 R. R. N. Y., Sergeant 
 
 Campbell, senior, Daniel 
 
 do 
 
 Charlottenb 
 
 'g do 
 
 Campbell, junior, Daniel 
 
 do 
 
 do 
 
 do 
 
 Campbell, James 
 
 do 
 
 Augusta 
 
 L. R., Lieutenant 
 
 Campbell, James 
 
 do 
 
 Osnal^ruck 
 
 R. R. N. Y. 
 
 Campbell, Richard 
 
 Marysburgh 
 
 84th 
 
 Cameron, Alex'r 
 
 E.D't 
 
 , Lancaster 
 
 R. R. N. ^■. 
 
 Cameron, senior, Alex'r 
 
 do 
 
 Cornwall 
 
 do 
 
 Cameron, junior, Alex'r 
 
 do 
 
 
 do 
 
 Cameron, Allan 
 
 do 
 
 
 do 
 
 Cameron, Angus 
 
 do 
 
 Charlottenb' 
 
 g do 
 
 Cameron, Arch'd 
 
 do 
 
 
 do 
 
 Cameron, Dan'l or Donald 
 
 do 
 
 
 K. R. 
 
 Cameron, Donald 
 
 do 
 
 CharIottenb'_ 
 
 e 84th 
 
 Cameron, Donald 
 
 do 
 
 15 in 5th con.) Son of John Cameron, 
 Cornwall/of R. R. N. Y. 
 
 Cameron, Duncan 
 
 do 
 
 Edwardsb'g 
 
 L. R. 
 
 Cameron, senior, Hugh 
 
 do 
 
 Cornwall 
 
 R. R. N. Y. 
 
 Cameron, Hugh 
 
 do 
 
 Charlottenb*! 
 
 g do [Burgoyne 
 
 Cameron, John 
 Cameron, John 
 
 do 
 
 do 
 
 Subaltern under Gen. 
 
 do 
 
 Lancaster 
 
 R. R. N. Y., 1st Battalion 
 
 Cameron, senior, John 
 
 do 
 
 Cornwall 
 
 do 
 
 Cameron, Wm. Buy 
 
 do 
 
 Charlottenb'] 
 
 a do 
 
 Cameron, William 
 
 do 
 
 Cornwall 
 
 84th 
 
 Carley, Barthow 
 
 do 
 
 Augusta 
 
 L. R. 
 
 Carman, George 
 
 do 
 
 Matilda 
 
 R. R. N. Y., 1st Battalion 
 
 Carman, senior, Michael 
 
 do 
 
 do 
 
 do 
 
 Cams, senior, Jacob- 
 
 do 
 
 do 
 
 do 
 
 Carpenter, Peter 
 
 <lq 
 
 Cornwall 
 
 L. R. 
 
 Carr, senior, Daniel 
 
 Ernesi 
 
 : town 
 
 do 
 
 Carrigan, Peter 
 
 E. District 
 
 do Sergeant 
 
 Carr, William 
 
 do Cornwall 
 
 R. R. N. Y. 
 
 Carrscallon, Edward 
 
 PVedericksburgh 
 
 do Lieutenant 
 
 Carscallon, George 
 
 
 do 
 
 do 
 
 Carscallin, John 
 
 
 do 
 
 do Sergeant 
 
 Carscallon, James 
 
 
 do 
 
 do do 
 
 Carscallon, Luke 
 
 
 do 
 
 do do 
 
 Case or Cass, Josiah 
 
 E.D't, 
 
 , Grand River 
 
 do 
 
 Case, Joseph Pomroy 
 
 do 
 
 
 do Drummer 
 
 Case, Peter 
 
 do 
 
 
 do 
 
 Cashin or Casan, John 
 
 do 
 
 Charlottenb'; 
 
 g 84th 
 
 Cassleman, Conradt 
 
 do 
 
 W'msburgh 
 
 R. R. N. \. 
 
 Cassleman, Henry 
 
 do 
 
 do ■ 
 
 do Drummer 
 
 Cassleman, Richard 
 
 do 
 
 do 
 
 do 
 
 Cassleman, .Suffrenus 
 
 do 
 
 Matilda 
 
 do 
 
 Cassleinan, William 
 
 do 
 
 
 do 
 
 Cassleman, Thomas 
 
 do 
 
 W'msburgh 
 
 do Drummer 
 
 Cassleman, Warner or\'erne: 
 
 r do 
 
 do 
 
 do 
 
 Caswell, Lemuel 
 
 do 
 
 
 K. R., Sergeant 
 
 Chambers, James 
 
 do 
 
 
 L. R. 
 
 Chavassey, James 
 
 Marysburgh 
 
 84th 
 
Old Eastern District. 
 
 377 
 
 NAMES. 
 
 RESIDENCE. 
 
 REGIMENT. 
 
 Chester, John 
 
 E. District 
 
 L. R. 
 
 
 Chisholm, senior, Alex. 
 
 E.D't, Lancaster 
 
 R. R. N. 
 
 V. 
 
 Chishblm, Allan 
 
 do do 
 
 do 
 
 Drummer 
 
 Chisholm, Donald 
 
 do Charlottenb'g do 
 
 
 Chisholm, Duncan 
 
 do Lancaster 
 
 do 
 
 Corporal 
 
 Chisholm, Hugh 
 
 do do 
 
 do 
 
 
 Chisholm, John 
 
 do Cornwall 
 
 L. R. 
 
 
 Chisholm, William 
 
 do Charlottenb'i 
 
 I R. R. N. 
 
 Y. 
 
 Christie, Abijah 
 
 do 
 
 do 
 
 
 Christie, senior, John 
 
 do 
 
 do 
 
 
 Church, Jonathan Mills 
 
 Elizabethtown 
 
 do 
 
 Sergeant 
 
 Church, Oliver 
 
 Fredericksburgh 
 
 do 
 
 Lieutenant 
 
 Church, junior, Oliver 
 
 do 
 
 do 
 
 
 Clark, Alexander 
 
 do 
 
 do 
 
 Sergeant 
 
 Clark, Henry 
 
 ICrnest town 
 
 L. R. 
 
 
 Clark, Robert 
 
 do 
 
 do 
 
 
 Classen, Caleb 
 
 E. Distr't, Augusta 
 
 do Sergeant 
 
 Clinch, Ralph 
 
 H. District 
 
 R. R. N. 
 
 Y., Lieutenant 
 
 Clerk, Francis 
 
 E. District 
 
 do 
 
 Sergeant 
 
 Clerk, James 
 
 E.D't, Charlottenl)' 
 
 g do 
 
 Corporal 
 
 Clew or Clough, William 
 
 do 
 
 L. R., Corporal 
 
 Cline, Adam 
 
 
 R. R. N. 
 
 Y. 
 
 Clenny, James 
 
 do Augusta 
 
 L. R. , Drummer 
 
 Clyne or Cline, Michael 
 
 do 
 
 R. R. N. 
 
 Y. 
 
 Coffin, William 
 
 Kingston 
 
 do 
 
 Lieutenant 
 
 Coll, Adam 
 
 E.D't, Elizabetht'rt 
 
 L. R. 
 
 
 Cole, John 
 
 do Augusta 
 
 do 
 
 
 Collison, John 
 
 Matilda 
 
 R. R. N. 
 
 Y. , Drummer 
 
 Coltman, John 
 
 H. District 
 
 do 
 
 
 Comber, Jacob 
 
 Ernst town 
 
 L. R. 
 
 
 Comber, Thomas 
 
 do 
 
 do 
 
 
 Concklin, Joseph 
 
 * 
 
 do 
 
 
 Conlon, Michael 
 
 Kingston 
 
 84th 
 
 
 Cook, Michael 
 
 Edwardsburgh 
 
 do 
 
 
 Cook, Michael 
 
 E.D't, W'msburgh 
 
 Commiss: 
 
 iry DeiMrtment 
 
 Cook, John 
 
 do Osnabruck 
 
 South Carolina 
 
 Coons, Conradt 
 
 do W'msburgh 
 
 R. R. N. 
 
 Y. 
 
 Coons, Gasper 
 
 do Matilda 
 
 do 
 
 
 Coons, John 
 
 do Osnabruck 
 
 do 
 
 
 Coons, Jacob 
 
 do W'msburgh 
 
 do 
 
 
 Corbin, Nathaniel 
 
 ^° 
 
 L. R. 
 
 I 
 
 Corbman, Jacob 
 
 .Sophias&Ameliasb'i 
 
 I R. R. X. 
 
 Y. , Sergeant 
 
 Cornelius, John 
 
 Fredericksburgh 
 
 do 
 
 
 Corby, George 
 
 H. District 
 
 do 
 
 
 Cottier, senior, James 
 
 Fredericksburgh 
 
 do 
 
 
 Cottier, Richard 
 
 do 
 
 do 
 
 Sergeant 
 
 Conville, Simeon 
 
 E.D't, Augusta 
 
 L. R. 
 
 
 Cough, John 
 
 do Osnabruck 
 
 R. R. N. 
 
 Y. 
 
 Countryman, sen'r, Jacob 
 
 do 
 
 do 
 
 
 Crawford, John 
 
 H. District 
 
 do 
 
 
 Crawford, William 
 
 Fredericksburgh 
 
 do 
 
 Ensign 
 
 Critus or Crytes, George 
 
 Cornwall 
 
 do 
 
 
 Cross, Henry 
 
 E.D't, Cornwall 
 
 K. R. 
 
 
 Crouder, Anthony 
 
 do do 
 
 R. R. X. 
 
 Y. 
 
 Crouder, John 
 
 do Charlottenb' 
 
 'g do 
 
 
 Crouder, John 
 
 Osnabruck 
 
 do 
 
 
378 
 
 Lunenburgh, or the 
 
 NAMES. 
 
 RESIDENCE. 
 
 REGIMENT. 
 
 Crouder, Isaac 
 
 E.D't, Osnabruck 
 
 R. R. N. Y. 
 
 Crouder, 3rd William 
 
 do 
 
 do 
 
 Grouse, John 
 
 do Matilda 
 
 do 
 
 Cryderman or Chrithuman, 
 
 do 
 
 do 
 
 Harmanus 
 
 
 
 Cryderman, John 
 
 E. District 
 
 do Corporal 
 
 Cryderman or Cruderman, 
 
 
 
 Michael 
 
 Marysburgh 
 
 do 
 
 ^Qhrysler oi- Chrysdale, Jno 
 
 . Thurlow 
 
 L. R. 
 
 —Chrysler, Gerominus 
 
 E. District 
 
 R. R. N. y. 
 
 ^jChrysler, senior, John 
 
 E. D't, Matilda 
 
 do 
 
 ..^Chrysler, junior, John 
 
 do do 
 
 B. R., Drummer 
 
 Crysler, Philip 
 
 do Cornwall 
 
 R. R. N. Y. 
 
 Culbert, Donald 
 
 Charlottenburgh 
 
 do 
 
 Cumming, William 
 
 E. District 
 
 84th 
 
 Cummings, John 
 
 Marysburgh 
 
 84th 
 
 Curry, Ephraim 
 
 E. District 
 
 L. R., Sergeant; 
 
 Curry, John 
 
 E. D't, Lancaster 
 
 K. R. 
 
 Curry, James 
 
 do do 
 
 R. R. N. Y. 
 
 Daly, Peter 
 
 Ernest town 
 
 L. R. 
 
 Davey, Henry 
 
 ' do 
 
 R. R. N. V. 
 
 Davey, John 
 
 do 
 
 do 
 
 Davies, Peter 
 
 E. District 
 
 do 
 
 Davies, Richard 
 
 do 
 
 do Drummer 
 
 Defoe, Abraham 
 
 Kredericksburgh 
 
 K. R., Corporal 
 
 Defoe, Daniel 
 
 do 
 
 do 
 
 Defoe, John 
 
 do 
 
 do 
 
 Deforest, Abram 
 
 H. District 
 
 R. R. N. Y. 
 
 Demorest, James 
 
 Fredericksburgh 
 
 0. R., Sergeant 
 
 Denault, Joachim 
 
 E. District 
 
 84th 
 
 Derheart, John 
 
 do 
 
 L. R. 
 
 Derry, Loudon 
 
 Edwardsburg 
 
 B. R. 
 
 Detlor, John 
 
 Fredericksburgh 
 
 R. R. N. Y. 
 
 Detlor, Jacob 
 
 do 
 
 do Sergeant 
 
 Detlor, Peter 
 
 do 
 
 do do 
 
 Detlor, Samuel 
 
 do 
 
 do 
 
 Detlor, Valentine 
 
 do 
 
 do 
 
 Devoe, Conradt 
 
 E. District 
 
 do 
 
 Dewit, Gaston 
 
 do 
 
 do 
 
 Dewit, John 
 
 do 
 
 do Drummer 
 
 Diamond, John 
 
 Ernest town 
 
 K. R. 
 
 Diamond, senior, John 
 
 Fredericksburgh 
 
 do 
 
 Diamond, Jacob 
 
 do 
 
 do 
 
 Diamond, junior, Jacob 
 
 do 
 
 do 
 
 Dickson, Francis 
 
 Ernest town 
 
 84th 
 
 Dicky, William 
 
 Charlottenburgh 
 
 R. R. N. Y. 
 
 Dies or Dice, sr. , William 
 
 Fredericksburgh 
 
 do Quarter-master 
 
 Dingman, Garrett 
 
 do 
 
 do 
 
 Dingman, Richard 
 
 Osnabruck 
 
 do 
 
 Dingwall, John 
 
 E. D't, Glengarry 
 
 do 
 
 Dingwall, James 
 
 E. District 
 
 do 
 
 Disman, Timothy 
 
 W. District 
 
 84th 
 
 Dixon, John 
 
 E. District 
 
 R. R. N. Y. . 
 
 Dixon, senior, Robert 
 
 do 
 
 With Gen. Burgoyne 
 
 Dixon, William 
 
 Lancaster 
 
 do do 
 
Old Eastern District. 
 
 379 
 
 NAMES. 
 
 RESIDENCE. 
 
 REGIMENT. 
 
 Donavan orDunavan, Flor 
 
 _ 
 
 
 
 ence 
 
 Fredericksburgh 
 
 R. R. N. 
 
 V. 
 
 Dopp, Peter 
 
 Montague 
 
 do 
 
 
 Dorin or Dorn, Jacob 
 
 E. District 
 
 do 
 
 
 Dorin, Jeremiah 
 
 do 
 
 do 
 
 
 Dorn, Peter 
 
 do 
 
 do 
 
 
 Dougharty, James 
 
 do 
 
 do 
 
 
 Downley or Downey, Con 
 
 - 
 
 
 
 retius 
 
 Marysburgh 
 
 84th 
 
 
 Drummond, Esq., Per. 
 
 E. District 
 
 L. R., Captain 
 
 Dulmadge, David 
 
 Marysburgh ' 
 
 do 
 
 
 Dulmage, John 
 
 Edwardsburg 
 
 do Lieutenant 
 
 Duncan, Esq., Richard 
 
 Williamsburg 
 
 R. R. N. 
 
 Y. , Captain 
 
 Dunham, Daniel 
 
 E. District 
 
 L. R., Sergeant 
 
 Dunham, John 
 
 do 
 
 R. R. N. 
 
 Y. 
 
 Dunham, James 
 
 do 
 
 do 
 
 
 Dunn, John 
 
 Lancaster 
 
 Volunteer Indian Dept. , 1776 
 
 Dugenberry or Durenberry, 
 
 
 
 John 
 
 "kErnest town 
 
 L. R., Ensign 
 
 Eaman or Aman, Jacob 
 
 Osnabruck 
 
 R. R. N. 
 
 Y. 
 
 Earhart, Adam 
 
 Fredericksburgh. 
 
 L. R. 
 
 
 Earhart, John 
 
 E. District 
 
 do 
 
 
 Eastman, Benjamin 
 
 do 
 
 do 
 
 
 Eastman, Nadab 
 
 do 
 
 do 
 
 
 Edwards, James 
 
 Marysburgh 
 
 84th 
 
 
 Embrie or Embury, And. 
 
 Fredericksburgh 
 
 R. R. N. 
 
 Y., Sergeant 
 
 Embrie, junior, David 
 
 do 
 
 do 
 
 
 Embrie or Embury, John 
 
 do 
 
 do 
 
 Sergeant 
 
 Emery, Thomas 
 
 E. District 
 
 do 
 
 
 Empey, Adam 
 
 Osnabruck 
 
 do 
 
 Corporal 
 
 Empey, junior, Adam 
 
 E. District 
 
 do 
 
 
 Empey, Chris. 
 
 do 
 
 do 
 
 
 Emi^ey, senior, John 
 
 Osnabruck 
 
 do 
 
 Corporal 
 
 Empey, junior, John 
 
 E. District 
 
 do 
 
 do 
 
 Empey, Jacob 
 
 do 
 
 do 
 
 
 Empey, Peter 
 
 do 
 
 do 
 
 
 Empey, senior, Philip 
 
 do " 
 
 do 
 
 
 Empey, junior, Philip 
 
 do 
 
 do' 
 
 
 Empey, senior, William 
 
 E. D't, Cornwall 
 
 do 
 
 
 England, William 
 
 E. District 
 
 L. R., Sergeant 
 
 Evans, Bolton 
 
 M. District 
 
 R. R. N. 
 
 Y. 
 
 Elveston, Edward 
 
 E. District 
 
 L. R. 
 
 
 Everett, Peter 
 
 do 
 
 K. R. N. 
 
 Y., Lieutenant 
 
 Everson, John 
 
 Williamsburgh 
 
 do 
 
 
 Eastman, Benjamin 
 
 E. District 
 
 L. R. 
 
 
 Farchild, Benjamin 
 
 H, District 
 
 R. R. N. 
 
 Y., Corporal 
 
 Fairfield, Archibald 
 
 Kingston 
 
 L. R. 
 
 
 Fairman, senior, John 
 
 Thurlow 
 
 do .Sergeant 
 
 Farlinger, John 
 
 E. District 
 
 R. R. N. 
 
 Y. 
 
 Farrand, Jacob 
 
 do 
 
 do 
 
 Lieutenant 
 
 Farrington, Robert 
 
 MErysburgh 
 
 do 
 
 
 Farrington, Samuel 
 
 do 
 
 84th 
 
 
 Farrington, Stephen 
 
 do 
 
 R. R. N. 
 
 Y. 
 
 Feader, Lucas or Lucis 
 
 E. District 
 
 do 
 
 
 Fennell, John 
 
 do 
 
 do 
 
 
 Ferguson, Alex. 
 
 do 
 
 do 
 
 
38o 
 
 Lunenburgh, or the 
 
 na:\ies. , 
 
 RESIDENCE. 
 
 JtEGIMENT. 
 
 Ferguson, senior, Alex. 
 
 E. District 
 
 R. R. N. V. 
 
 Ferguson, Peter 
 
 do 
 
 do 
 
 Ferguson, William 
 
 do 
 
 do 
 
 Fetterley, Peter 
 
 Williamsburgh 
 
 do 
 
 Fields, George 
 
 do 
 
 B. R. 
 
 Fields, Gilbert 
 
 do 
 
 do 
 
 Fyke, Daniel 
 
 
 R. 1^. N. Y. 
 
 File, Jolin 
 
 do 
 
 do 
 
 Files, John 
 
 do 
 
 do Corporal 
 
 Finkle, George 
 
 Fredericksburgh 
 
 do 
 
 Finkle, lienry 
 
 Ernest town 
 
 L. R., Corporal 
 
 Finney, Peter 
 
 E. District 
 
 R. R. N. Y. 
 
 Fisher, [ohn 
 
 M. District 
 
 do 
 
 Fitchet, James 
 
 P'redericksburgh 
 
 do 
 
 Fitchet. Richard, (l-'itchell) do 
 
 84th 
 
 Fitchet, Joseph 
 
 E. District 
 
 R. R. N. \. 
 
 Fitzgerald, — 
 
 Adolphus town 
 
 L. R. 
 
 Fit/.patrick, Peter 
 
 E. District 
 
 , R. R. N. Y. 
 * 84th 
 
 Flynn, fohn 
 
 do 
 
 Forsyth, James 
 
 do 
 
 R. R. N. Y. , Coqioral 
 
 Foster, Edward 
 
 do 
 
 do 
 
 P'oster, Jonn 
 
 dn 
 
 do 
 
 Foster, Moses 
 
 Fredericksburgh 
 
 do 
 
 Fox, Frederick 
 
 Sophiasburg 
 
 do 
 
 P'ranks, William 
 
 E. District 
 
 do 
 
 P'raser, Donald 
 
 do 
 
 84lh 
 
 Fraser, John 
 
 do 
 
 R. R. N. Y. 
 
 Fraser, Jeremiah 
 
 P'.dwardsburg 
 
 L. R. 
 
 Fraser, Kenneth 
 
 Ernest town 
 
 do 
 
 Fraser, Thomas 
 
 Edwardsburg 
 
 do Captain 
 
 P'raser, Thomas 
 
 E. District 
 
 do 
 
 Phraser, Thomas 
 
 do 
 
 do 
 
 P'raser, William 
 
 P'redericlcsburgh 
 
 R. R. N. Y., Adjutant 
 
 Fraser, William 
 
 E. District 
 
 L. R., Captain 
 
 P'raser, William 
 
 do 
 
 do 
 
 P'raser, William 
 
 Y.. D't„ Roxborough do 
 
 Fraser, William 
 
 E. District 
 
 do 
 
 Fraser, William 
 
 do 
 
 P<. R. N. \'., Lieutenant 
 
 P'rederick, Bainet 
 
 do 
 
 do 
 
 Freeman, John 
 
 Ernest town 
 
 L. R. 
 
 P'rench, Gersham 
 
 Cornwall 
 
 do Lieutenant 
 
 French, Pienry 
 
 E. District 
 
 do Corporal 
 
 P'rench, Jeremiah 
 
 do 
 
 R. R. N. Y., Lieutenant, 
 
 Froom, David 
 
 do 
 
 do 
 
 P'room, junior, James 
 
 do 
 
 do 
 
 ;,j^ Frost, Edmund 
 /^Frymire, Nicholas 
 V..Fi:ymire, Philip 
 
 PP. District 
 
 L. R., Corporal 
 
 E. District 
 
 R. R. N. Y. 
 
 do 
 
 do 
 
 Fullarton, James 
 
 do 
 
 R. R. 
 
 Furnier, Chris. 
 
 Kingston 
 
 R. R. N. Y. 
 
 P'ykes, Peter 
 
 Fredericksburgh 
 
 do 
 
 Frederick, Lodwick 
 
 Marysburg 
 
 do 
 
 Goffield, Nat. A, 
 
 do 
 
 L. R. 
 
 Galbraith, John 
 
 E. District 
 
 do 
 
 Gallinger, Christian 
 
 do 
 
 R. R. N. Y, 
 
 Gallinger, George 
 
 do 
 
 do 
 
Old Eastern District. 
 
 381 
 
 NAMES. 
 
 RESIDENCE. 
 
 REGIMENT. 
 
 Gallinger, Henry 
 
 K. District 
 
 R. R. N. \. 
 
 (Jallinger, senior, Michael do 
 
 do 
 
 Gardiner, John 
 
 do 
 
 do 
 
 Garlock, Henry 
 
 do 
 
 do 
 
 Garlock or Garlough, John Ernest town 
 
 I,. R., Corporal 
 
 Garloiigh, Jacob 
 
 E. District 
 
 R. R. N. Y. 
 
 Garlough, senior, Peter 
 
 do 
 
 do 
 
 Gay, Edward 
 
 do 
 
 do 
 
 German, Chris. 
 
 Adolphus town 
 
 L R, 
 
 German, John 
 
 do 
 
 do Corporal 
 
 German, Jacob 
 
 do 
 
 do Drummer 
 
 Gerolomy, James 
 
 Ernest town 
 
 L. R. 
 
 George, John 
 
 do 
 
 84th 
 
 Georger, Chrisloph 
 
 Kingston 
 
 84th, Sergeant 
 
 Gibson, John 
 
 E. District 
 
 K. R. 
 
 Gibson, Matthew 
 
 W. District 
 
 R. R. N. Y. 
 
 Gilchrist, Peter 
 
 Ernest town 
 
 L. R. 
 
 Glassford, John 
 
 E. District, Augusta Joined at Niagara, 1779 
 
 Glassford, Jonn 
 
 Matilda 
 
 R. R. N. Y. 
 
 Gl,assforc', Robert 
 
 E. District 
 
 do 
 
 (joose, Frederick 
 
 Cornwall 
 
 do 
 
 Gooseberry, Thomas 
 
 E. District 
 
 L. R. 
 
 Gordon, Robert 
 
 Charlottenburgh 
 
 R. R. N. Y. 
 
 Gordonier, Henry 
 
 Ernest town 
 
 L. R. 
 
 CJordonier, Jacob 
 
 do 
 
 do 
 
 Graham, Oliver 
 
 E.D't, Lancaster 
 
 K. R. 
 
 Graham. Thomas 
 
 E. District 
 
 R. R. N. Y. 
 
 Graham, William 
 
 do 
 
 84th, Sergeant 
 
 Grant, Alexander 
 
 E.D't, Edwardsb'g 
 
 .. do 
 
 Grant, Alexander 
 
 do Charlottenb' 
 
 g R. R. N. \'. 
 
 Grant, Allen 
 
 do Elizabetht'n 
 
 84th, Sergeant 
 
 Grant, Angus 
 
 do 
 
 R. R. N. Y. 
 
 Grant, Arch'd 
 
 do 
 
 do 
 
 Grant (Croskey), senior. 
 
 
 do 
 
 Donald 
 
 do Charlottenb' 
 
 g 
 
 Grant, junior, Donald 
 
 do do 
 
 do 
 
 Grant, Duncan 
 
 do 
 
 do 
 
 Grant, Duncan 
 
 do 
 
 do 
 
 Grant, Finlay 
 
 do 
 
 do 
 
 Grant, John 
 
 Marysburgh 
 
 84th 
 
 Grant, John 
 
 E. District 
 
 R. R. N. Y. 
 
 Grant, James 
 
 Marysburgh 
 
 84th, Sergeant 
 
 Grant, James 
 
 E. District 
 
 Ensign, Major McAlpine 
 
 Grant, Peter 
 
 do 
 
 84th 
 
 Grant, Peter 
 
 Charlottenburgh 
 
 R. R. N. Y. 
 
 Grant, William 
 
 ■E. District 
 
 do 
 
 Grant, William 
 
 Lancaster 
 
 84th 
 
 Gray, John 
 
 E. District 
 
 84th, Sergeant 
 
 Gray, James 
 
 Yonge 
 
 L. R. 
 
 Gray, James, Colonel 
 
 Gray 'sC'k, Cornwall 
 
 R. R. N. Y., Major 
 
 Green, John 
 
 Marysborough 
 
 L. R. 
 
 Greenop, Britain 
 
 Kingston 
 
 84th 
 
 Griffin, Joseph 
 
 E. District 
 
 L. R, 
 
 Gnnn, David 
 
 Lancaster 
 
 Was at conquest of Canada 
 in 78th Regiment 
 
 Hagerinan, Tunis 
 
 Ernest town 
 
 L. R. AA 
 
382 
 
 JLunmburgh, or the 
 
 NAMES. 
 
 RESIDENCK. 
 
 l^EGIMENT. 
 
 Haggart, John 
 
 Charlottenburgh 
 
 Artificer 
 
 Haines, Christ0]3her 
 
 E. D't,W'msburgh 
 
 R. R. N. Y. 
 
 Hains, Joseph 
 
 do do 
 
 do 
 
 Haines, Michael 
 
 do do 
 
 do Sergeant 
 
 Ilamblin, Silas 
 
 do Augusta 
 
 L. R., Major 
 
 Hard, James 
 
 do 
 
 do 
 
 Hard, Phili 
 
 do 
 
 do 
 
 Hare, Henry 
 
 do Lancaster 
 
 Indian Dept., Lieutenant 
 
 Hare, John 
 
 do 
 
 B. R. 
 
 Hare, James 
 
 Lancaster 
 
 Indian Dept,, Ensign, 
 
 Hart, Barney 
 
 E. District 
 
 R. R. N. Y. 
 
 Hatle, Adam 
 
 do 
 
 do 
 
 I-Iartle, senior, John 
 
 do 
 
 do 
 
 Hartman, David 
 
 Ernest town 
 
 L. R. 
 
 Hatler, Thomas 
 
 E. District 
 
 R. R. N. \. 
 
 Havens, John 
 
 Ernest town 
 
 L. R. 
 
 Hawley, Ichabad 
 
 do 
 
 do 
 
 Hawley, Jeptha 
 
 do 
 
 Lieutenant of Batteaux 
 
 Hawley, Martin 
 
 do 
 
 L. R. 
 
 Hawley, Zadok 
 
 Kredericksburgh 
 
 do 
 
 Hawn, Christian 
 
 E. District 
 
 R. R. N. V. 
 
 Hawn, Henry 
 
 do 
 
 do 
 
 Hawn, Hermanns 
 
 do 
 
 do 
 
 Hawn, Jacob 
 
 do 
 
 do 
 
 Heck, Paul 
 
 do 
 
 Corporal with Gen. Bucgoyne 
 
 Hedler, Adam 
 
 Fredericksburgh 
 
 R. R. N. Y. 
 
 Helmer, John 
 
 E.D't, Cornwall 
 
 do 
 
 Helmer, John 
 
 ■' do Wmsburgh 
 
 do 
 
 Tlerman, Valentine 
 
 Augusta 
 
 L. R. 
 
 Heron or Plerring, And'w 
 
 Fredericksburgh 
 
 R. R. N. \'. 
 
 Hesse, Jacob 
 
 Ernest town 
 
 L. R. 
 
 Hick, John 
 
 E. District 
 
 K. R. 
 
 Hicks, Benjamin 
 
 Marysburgh 
 
 B. R. 
 
 I licks, Lewis 
 
 Ernest town 
 
 L. R. 
 
 Hickey, John 
 
 E. District 
 
 R. R. N. Y. 
 
 Hitchler, Six 
 
 do 
 
 L. R. 
 
 Hodge, Timothy 
 
 do 
 
 do 
 
 Hodogau or Hogodoom, 
 
 do 
 
 do 
 
 Peter 
 
 
 
 Hoftman, David 
 
 Ernest town 
 
 ' do 
 
 Hoffman, Jacob 
 
 do 
 
 R. R. N. Y. 
 
 Hoffman, Philip 
 
 Fredericksburgh 
 
 do 
 
 Hogau, Major William 
 
 Cornwall 
 
 In war, 1759-1760 
 
 Hoffman, Joseph 
 
 Ernest town 
 
 L. R. 
 
 Hogle, James 
 
 do 
 
 do 
 
 Hoople, Henry 
 
 E.D't, Osnabruck 
 
 R. R. N. ^'. 
 
 Hoople,John 
 
 do do 
 
 do 
 
 Hopper,! Abraham 
 
 do 
 
 do 
 
 Hover, Henry 
 
 Adolphus town 
 
 B. R. 
 
 Hough, Barnabas 
 
 Ernest town 
 
 L. R. 
 
 Hough, Broner 
 
 do 
 
 K. R. 
 
 Hough, John 
 
 Fredericksburgh 
 
 R. R. N. Y. 
 
 Howard, Edward 
 
 Ernest town 
 
 do 
 
 Howard, senior, John 
 
 do 
 
 do Lieutenant 
 
 Howp-rd, Matthew 
 
 E. District 
 
 Ensign in Gen. Burgoyne'^ 
 campaign 
 
Old Eastern District, 
 
 383 
 
 NAMES. RESIDENCE. 
 
 Howard, Thomas Ernest town 
 
 Howell, John Sophiasburgh 
 
 Howell, Warren Fredericksburgh 
 
 Huffman, jr., Jno. Nicholas H. District 
 Huff, Asa Fredericksburgh 
 
 HuffnailorHuffnigle,And'w ' do 
 
 Huffnail, Jeptha 
 Humphrey, James 
 Huntsinger, John 
 Hurll^ert, Moses 
 Hurd, Jehiel 
 Jackson, David 
 Jackson, Henry 
 Jackson, James 
 Jackson, Thomas 
 Jacocks or Jacobs, David 
 Jessup, Esq., Edward 
 Jessup, Edward 
 Jessup, Joseph 
 Johns, Solomon 
 Johnston, Adam 
 
 Johnson, George 
 Johnson, George 
 lohnson, Sir John 
 
 Johnson, James 
 Johnston, James 
 Johnston, William 
 Jones, David 
 Jones, Esq., Ephraim 
 Jones, Esq., John 
 [ones, Solomon 
 Jones, Thomas 
 "Keller or Koeller, Chas. 
 Keller, Frederick 
 Keller, John 
 Keeler, James 
 Kelly, Patrick 
 Kelsey or Celsiy, James 
 Kemp, senior, John , 
 Kemp, junior, John 
 Kemp, James 
 Keinp, Joseph 
 Kennedy, Alexander 
 Kenny, James 
 Kintner, George 
 Kimmerly, Andrew 
 King, Constant 
 King, Ebenezer 
 Knapp, Joseph 
 Knight, John 
 Knight, James 
 Koughnet, William 
 Kronkheit, Hercules 
 
 Adolphustown 
 E. District 
 H. District 
 E. District 
 Augusta 
 Ernest town 
 E. District 
 
 do Augusta 
 
 do do 
 
 do 
 Augusta 
 E. District 
 
 do 
 H. District 
 E. D't, Cornwall 
 
 do do 
 
 do Matilda 
 H. District 
 
 REGIMENT. 
 
 R. R. N. Y. 
 
 do .Sergt. -Major 
 do 
 L. R. 
 do 
 
 do Drummer 
 R. R. N. Y. 
 L. R. 
 
 R. R. N. Y. 
 K. R. 
 
 R. R. N. Y. , Sergeant 
 
 L. R. 
 
 do 
 
 do 
 
 do 
 
 R. R. N. V. 
 
 L. R. , Major Commandant 
 L. R., Lieutenant 
 do Captain 
 ' do Lieutenant 
 Joined Royal Standard at 
 Saratoga in 1777, J. An- 
 derson, certificate 
 R. R..N. Y., Corporal 
 do 
 
 do Col. ,orLt.-Col. 
 Commandant 
 Corporal 
 
 do 
 
 E.D't, Cornwall 
 Ernest town 
 M. District 
 E. District 
 do 
 do 
 do 
 do 
 Eredericksburgli 
 do 
 
 do • 
 Augusta 
 Marysburgh 
 E.D't, Augusta 
 Fredericksburgh 
 \ do 
 
 1 ' do 
 
 do 
 E. District 
 H. District 
 E. District 
 Richmond 
 E. D't, Edwardsb'g L. R. 
 
 do Elizabetht'n do 
 E. District do Sergeant 
 
 ' do Cornwall R. R. N. Y. 
 
 do do do Corporal 
 
 Fredericksburgh do 
 
 Ernest town do 
 
 L. R. 
 
 do 
 
 do Lieutenant 
 Commissary 
 L. R. , Captain 
 
 do ,Surgeon's-mate 
 
 do 
 R. R. N. Y. 
 K., R. 
 
 R. R. N. Y. . 
 Jersey Volunteer 
 84th 
 L. R. 
 K. R. 
 
 do 
 
 do 
 
 do 
 R. R. N. \'. , Corporal 
 84th 
 
 R. R. N. Y. 
 do 
 
384 
 
 Lunenburgh, or the 
 
 NAMES. 
 
 RESIDENCE. 
 
 REGIMENT. 
 
 Kronl-cheit, John 
 
 Krnest town 
 
 R. R. N. \. 
 
 Lake, Christopher 
 
 do 
 
 L. R. 
 
 I^aUe, Thomas 
 
 do 
 
 do 
 
 Lamb, senior, Isaac 
 
 Johnstown District 
 
 Joined Gen.Burgoync in 1777 
 
 Lambert, David 
 
 Fredericksburgh 
 
 R. R. N. Y. 
 
 Lampson, John 
 
 E.D't, Edwardsbu' 
 
 g Served in 1777 under Gen. 
 Burgoyne 
 
 Lampson, William 
 
 do I do 
 
 L. R. , Ensign 
 
 Laiiden, Asa 
 
 do 
 
 / Joined (Jen. Burgoyne, 
 
 Lauden, junior, Asa 
 
 do 
 
 [served in 1777 
 
 Larraway, Abraham 
 
 Fredericksburgh 
 
 R. R. N. Y. , and Battalion 
 
 Larraway, senior, Isaac 
 
 do 
 
 do 
 
 Larraway, junior, Isaac 
 
 do 
 
 d.5 
 
 Laroway, Jonas 
 
 do 
 
 do 
 
 Larroway, Peter 
 
 do 
 
 do 
 
 Lawer or Layer, William 
 
 do 
 
 do 
 
 Laws, Samuel 
 
 Richmond 
 
 do 
 
 Leaky, William 
 
 E, D't, Walford 
 
 L. R. 
 
 Lee, David 
 
 do Boston 
 
 do 
 
 Lerrock, senior, Francis 
 
 Ernest town 
 
 do 
 
 Lerrock, junior, Francis 
 
 do 
 
 do 
 
 Lerrock, Peter 
 
 do 
 
 do Drummer 
 
 Livingstone, John 
 
 E.D't,Charlottenb'g R. R. N. Y., Sergeant 
 
 Livingston, Mary, widow 
 
 
 
 of Jonathan Mutchmore 
 
 do do 
 
 do 
 
 Lightheart, Daniel 
 
 M. District 
 
 L. R. 
 
 Lindsey, John 
 
 Ernest town 
 
 K. R. 
 
 Livermore, Moses 
 
 Hawkesbury 
 
 L. R. 
 
 Loldcl, Daniel 
 
 M. District 
 
 R. R. N. \-. 
 
 Lodwick, Frederick 
 
 Marysburgh 
 
 do 
 
 Loeney, John 
 
 Charlottenburgh 
 
 do 
 
 Losce, Cornelius 
 
 Matilda 
 
 L. R. 
 
 Losee, senior, Joshua 
 
 
 do 
 
 LovelaSs, Thomas 
 
 E.D't, (.irand River 
 
 do Lieutenant 
 
 Louck, Abraham 
 
 do Augusta 
 
 R. R. N. Y. 
 
 Loucks, George 
 
 Williamsburgh 
 
 do 
 
 Loucks, Nicholas 
 
 E.D't, Augusta 
 
 L. R. 
 
 OLoucks, Abraham 
 
 P'redemcksjmrgh 
 
 R. R. N. Y. 
 
 Loucks, George 
 
 do 
 
 do 
 
 Loucks, llenr) 
 
 do 
 
 do 
 
 Loucks, Jacob 
 
 do 
 
 do 
 
 Louckes, Joseph 
 
 E.D't, Osnabruck 
 
 do Sergeant 
 
 Loyd, Daniel 
 
 Fredericksburgh 
 
 do 
 
 Loyd, Richard 
 
 do 
 
 do 
 
 Lynch, James 
 
 E.D't, Cornwall 
 
 do 
 
 Lynk, John 
 
 do do 
 
 do 
 
 Lynk, Mathias 
 
 do do 
 
 do 
 
 Lyst, Andrew 
 
 E.D't, Cornwall 
 
 do 
 
 Lyst or Loyest, Henry 
 
 Fredericksburgh 
 
 do 
 
 Moak, Philip 
 
 do 
 
 Indian Dept., under Ciil. 
 D. Clause 
 
 Main, senior, Thomas 
 
 do 
 
 84th 
 
 Mallery, Enoch 
 
 ^'onge 
 
 L.R. 
 
 Mandeville, Richaril 
 
 E.D't, Cornwall 
 
 R. R. N. Y. 
 
 Mandeville, Richard 
 
 do W'msburgh 
 
 do Sergeant 
 
 Marcellis, John 
 
 do do 
 
 do ^ 
 
Old Eastern District. 
 
 3S5 
 
 NAMES. 
 
 RESIDENCE. 
 
 liEGIMENT. 
 
 Marcellus, Sevares 
 
 E.D't, Osnabruck 
 
 R. R. N. \. 
 
 Marsh, Benjamin 
 
 M. District 
 
 84th 
 
 Mattice, William 
 
 K. District 
 
 B. R. 
 
 Mattice, John 
 
 do 
 
 R. R. N. \. 
 
 Mattice, Nicholas 
 
 E.D't, Elizabetht'n 
 
 B. R. 
 
 Mattice, Nicholas 
 
 Charlottenburgh 
 
 R. R. N. Y. 
 
 Medaugh, Stephen 
 
 H. District 
 
 do 
 
 Medaugh, senior, John 
 
 E.D't, Matilda 
 
 do 
 
 Meddough, Martin 
 
 do Osnabruck 
 
 do 
 
 Mercle, Henry 
 
 do W'msbnrgh 
 
 do 
 
 Mercle, fohn 
 
 do do 
 
 do 
 
 Mercle, senior, Jacob 
 
 do do . 
 
 do 
 
 Mercle, Michae 
 
 do do 
 
 do 
 
 Mercle, Henry 
 
 do Osnabruck 
 
 do 
 
 Merkle, Jacob 
 
 do do 
 
 clo 
 
 Millard or Millar, Thos. 
 
 H. District 
 
 do 
 
 Millard, Jessee 
 
 do 
 
 84th 
 
 Miller, Andrew 
 
 Erpest town 
 
 R. R. N. Y. 
 
 Miller or Moeller, And'w 
 
 do 
 
 L. R. 
 
 Miller, Nicholas 
 
 'Williamsburgh 
 
 R. R. N. Y. 
 
 Miller, Stephen 
 
 Cornwall 
 
 do Corporal 
 
 Millross, Andrew 
 
 E. District 
 
 do 
 
 Merkle, Frederick 
 
 do W'msburgh do 
 
 Mitchell, George 
 
 Augusta 
 
 do 
 
 Mills or Mittz, Henrj' 
 
 ' Fredericksburgh 
 
 do 
 
 Mills, Moak or Mittz, John do 
 
 do 
 
 Montgomery, Arch'd 
 
 E. District 
 
 Master or the Black Snake, 
 Privateer 
 
 Moott, Hemy 
 
 do 
 
 L. R. 
 
 Moor, Mosa, (Hosea) 
 
 do Yonge 
 
 do 
 
 Morden, John 
 
 H. District 
 
 R. R. N. Y. 
 
 Morrison, William 
 
 E. D't, Lancaster 
 
 do Captain 
 
 Mosher, Lewis 
 
 E. Distr't, Augusta 
 
 L. R. 
 
 Mosher, Nicholas 
 
 do do 
 
 do Corporal 
 
 Moss, Samuel 
 
 do, Cornwall 
 
 R. R. N. Y., Sergeant 
 
 Mott, Reuben 
 
 do Augusta 
 
 K.R. . 
 
 Mugel, Gadless 
 
 Sopias&Ameliasb'rg 
 
 R. R. N. Y. 
 
 Munro, David 
 
 Cornwall 
 
 do 
 
 Mimro, Hugh 
 
 E. District 
 
 do Lieutenant 
 
 Munro, Hugh 
 
 do 
 
 L. R. , Lieutenant 
 
 Munro, Hugh 
 
 do 
 
 R. R. N. Y., Lieutenant 
 
 Munro, Hon. John 
 
 Matilda 
 
 do ' Captain 
 
 Munro, John 
 
 E. District Yonge 
 
 do 
 
 Munro, junior, John 
 
 do 
 
 do 
 
 Murchison, William 
 
 do Lancaster 
 
 do 
 
 Murchison, junior, John 
 
 do Charlottenb'i 
 
 g do 
 
 Murchison, senior, John 
 
 do do 
 
 do 
 
 Murchison, Kenneth 
 
 do do 
 
 do 
 
 Murchison, William 
 
 do do 
 
 do 
 
 Miirdoff, senior, George 
 
 Fredericksburgh 
 
 do Sergeant 
 
 MurdofF, junior, George' 
 
 do 
 
 R. R. N. Y. 
 
 Murdoff, James 
 
 do 
 
 do Sergeant 
 
 Murray, Dimcan 
 
 H. District 
 
 84th, Lieutenant 
 
 Murray, John 
 
 do 
 
 84th, Quarter-master 
 
 Myres, Michal 
 
 E. District 
 
 R. R. N. Y. 
 
 McAlpin, Duncan 
 
 do 
 
 L. R., Sergeant 
 
386 
 
 Lunenburgh, or the 
 
 RESIDENCE. 
 
 REGIMENT. 
 
 McArthur, Archibald 
 McArthur, Charles 
 McArthur, Donald 
 McArthur, Duncan 
 McArthur, Duncan 
 McArthur, senior, John 
 McArthur, John 
 McBane, Gillis 
 McCaffrey, John 
 McCarthy, Michael 
 McConnell, Hugh 
 McCrimmon, Donald 
 McCue, Wm. 
 McCuin, senior, David 
 McDonell, Alex, 
 McDonell, Alex. 
 McDonell, Alex. 
 McDonell, Alex. 
 McDonell, Alex. 
 McDonell, Alex. 
 McDonell, Alex. Knoidert 
 McDonell, Alex. 
 McDonell, Alex. 
 McDonell, Alex. 
 McDonell, Allan 
 McDonell, Allan 
 McDonell, Allan 
 McDonell, Angus 
 
 jNIcDonell, An§us 
 
 E.D't.Qharlottenb'gR. R. N. Y. 
 do Augusta K. R. 
 
 do Charlottenb'gR. R. N. Y. 
 
 .McDonell, 
 McDonell, 
 McDonell, 
 McDonell, 
 McDonell, 
 McDonell, 
 McDonell, 
 McDonell, 
 McDonell, 
 McDonell, 
 McDonell, 
 
 Angus 
 
 Arch'd, Col. 
 
 ArchM 
 
 Arch'd 
 
 Daniel 
 
 Donald 
 
 Donald 
 
 Donald 
 
 Duncan 
 
 Duncan 
 
 Farquer. 
 
 do 
 do 
 Charlottenburgh 
 Thurlow 
 E. D't, Cornwall 
 
 do do 
 Marysburgh 
 Fredericksburgh 
 Marysburgh 
 Escott 
 E. D't, Cornwall 
 
 do Charlottenb'g 
 E. District 
 
 do Cornwall 
 E. District 
 
 do Charlottenb'g 
 do do 
 
 do Cornwall 
 E. District 
 do, 
 do 
 fl. District 
 E. District 
 
 do do ' 
 
 do 1 2th Con. 84th 
 Cornwall. 
 
 do sth Con. R. R. N, 
 Cornwall. 
 E. District 
 
 do 
 Cornwall 
 Marysburg 
 E. D't, Augusta 
 
 do Sergeant 
 
 R. R. N. Y. 
 
 do 
 L. R. 
 R. R. N. Y. 
 
 do 
 84th 
 
 R. R. N. Y. 
 84th 
 R. R. N. Y. 
 
 do 
 
 do Captain 
 
 do 
 
 do 
 
 do 
 
 do 
 
 do 
 84th 
 L. R. . 
 R. R. N. Y. 
 
 do 
 84th, Captain 
 R. R. N. Y., Captain 
 
 do Captain 
 
 do do 
 
 84th 
 
 do Lieutenant 
 R. R. N. Y., Corporal 
 do ' 
 
 McDonell, Finnan 
 McDonell, Hugh 
 McDonell, Hugh 
 McDonell, Hugh 
 
 McDonell, Hugh 
 McDonell, John 
 .McDonell, John, Captain 
 McDonell, John 
 
 do Roxborough 84th 
 E. District R. R. N. Y. 
 
 do 84th 
 
 Cornwall do 
 
 do R. R. N. Y. 
 
 E. D't, Wms'burg, / do Corporal 
 
 came to America \ Had been in 84th. 
 
 with 26th, taken 
 
 prisoner at Sorel. 
 E. District 84th, Sergeant 
 
 Roxborough R. R. N. Y. 
 
 Cornwall 
 
 do 
 
 Lieutenant 
 
 
 E. D't, N. S. River 
 
 do 
 
 
 
 Rasin, CharlotteU' 
 
 
 
 
 burgh. 
 
 
 
 
 E. District 
 
 84th 
 
 
 
 do 
 
 R.R.N.Y., 
 
 Captain , 
 
 
 do 
 
 do Sor 
 
 LofCapt.Alexar 
 
 ider 
 
 4th Con., No. 17, 
 
 do 
 
 
 
 Cornwall. 
 
 
 
 
Old Eastern District. 
 
 387 
 
 NAMES. 
 
 RESIDENCE. 
 
 REGIMENT. 
 
 McDonell, John 
 
 4th Con., No. 20, 
 Cornwall. 
 
 R. R. N. Y. 
 
 
 McDonell, John 
 
 5th Con., No. 7, 
 Cornwall. 
 
 do 
 
 
 McDonell, John 
 
 Sth Con,, No. 10, 
 Cornwall. 
 
 do 
 
 
 McDonell, John 
 
 Edwardsburgh 
 
 do 
 
 
 McDonell, John 
 
 E. District 
 
 84th 
 
 
 McDonell, John 
 
 do 
 
 do 
 
 
 McDonell, John, Bane 
 
 do Charlottenb'eR. R- N. Y. 
 
 
 McDonell, John 
 
 do do 
 
 do 
 
 
 McDonell, James 
 
 Kingston 
 
 do 
 
 Captain 
 
 McDonell, James 
 
 E. District 
 
 do 
 
 Sergeant 
 
 McDonell, Kenneth 
 
 Cornwall" 
 
 do 
 
 do 
 
 McDonell, Miles 
 
 E.D't,Charlottenb'g 
 
 ; do 
 
 Ensign 
 
 McDonell, Esq., Ranald 
 
 Cornwall 
 
 84th, Ensign 
 
 McDonell, Ranald 
 
 E. District 
 
 R. R. N. Y. 
 
 , Lieutenant 
 
 McDonell, Ranald 
 
 Charlottenburgh 
 
 do 
 
 
 McDonell, Roderick 
 
 do 
 
 dq 
 
 
 McDonell, William 
 
 Kingston 
 
 84th Drummer 
 
 McDougald, John 
 
 E- D't, Augusta 
 
 L. R. 
 
 
 McDougald, John 
 
 Ernest town 
 
 do 
 
 
 McDougald, John 
 
 E. District 
 
 R. R. N. Y. 
 
 
 McDougall, Peter 
 
 Ernest town 
 
 L. R. 
 
 
 McFall, David 
 
 E. D't, Lancaster 
 
 do Lieutenant 
 
 McGillis, senior, Donald 
 
 do Charlottenb'g 
 
 ' R. R. N. Y. 
 
 , Sergeant 
 
 McGillis, junior, Donald 
 
 do do 
 
 do 
 
 
 McGillis, Donald 
 
 do do 
 
 do 
 
 
 McGrawth, Owen 
 
 Fredericksburgh 
 
 do 
 
 
 McGregor, Donald 
 
 E. District, Cornwall 
 
 I do 
 
 
 McGregor, John 
 
 E. District 
 
 do 
 
 Corporal 
 
 McGregor, James 
 
 E.District, Cornwall 
 
 1 do 
 
 Sergeant 
 
 McGregor, Peter 
 
 fi.D't, Charlottenb'g do 
 
 
 McGruer, Donald 
 
 do do 
 
 84th 
 
 
 McGruer, John 
 
 do do 
 
 R. R. N. Y. 
 
 , Corporal. 
 
 McGiiire, Patrick 
 
 do 
 
 84th, Corporal 
 
 Mcllmoyle, Hugh 
 
 Edwardsburg 
 
 L. R., Sergeant 
 
 McIImoyle, James 
 
 E.D't, Edwardsburg 
 
 ' do 
 
 
 Mcintosh, Benjamin 
 
 Charlottenburgh 
 
 34th 
 
 
 Mcintosh, Lauchlan 
 
 Marysburgh 
 
 84th 
 
 
 Mcintosh, Peter 
 
 Lancaster 
 
 R.R.N.Y. 
 
 
 Mcintosh, Daniel 
 
 E.D't, Charlottenb'g 
 
 ; do 
 
 
 Mclntyre, Donald 
 
 do Lancaster 
 
 do 
 
 
 Mclntyre, senior, Duncan 
 
 do do 
 
 do 
 
 
 Mclntyre, junior, Duncan 
 
 do do 
 
 do 
 
 Sergeant 
 
 Mclntyre, John 
 
 do do 
 
 do 
 
 do 
 
 Mclntyre, John 
 
 do Charlottenb'g 
 
 do 
 
 do 
 
 McKarty or McCarty, Flor 
 
 
 
 
 ence 
 
 Matilda 
 
 do 
 
 
 McKay, Angus 
 
 E. D't, Lancaster 
 
 do 
 
 
 McKay Donald 
 
 do do 
 
 do 
 
 
 McKay, Hugh 
 
 do do 
 
 do 
 
 
 McKay, John '" ; 
 
 '; Marysburg 
 
 84th 
 
 
 McKay, John 
 
 E.D't, Charlottenb'g 
 
 R.R.N.Y. 
 
 
 McKay, John 
 
 do do 
 
 do .Sergeant 
 
 McKay, Samuel 
 
 Ernest town 
 
 L. R, 
 
 
388 
 
 Lunenburgh, or the 
 
 RESIDENCE. 
 
 REGIMENT. 
 
 McKay William 
 McKee, John' 
 McKenzie, senior, Colin 
 McKenzie, junior, Colin 
 McKenzie, Duncan 
 McKenzie, John 
 McKenzie, John 
 McKenzie, Kenneth, Capt. 
 McKenzie, John, Lieut. 
 McKenzie, William 
 McKim, senior, James 
 McKetchie, John 
 McLaren, Hugh 
 McLaren, Peter 
 McLaughlin, Alexander 
 McLaughlin, William 
 McLean, Donald 
 McLean, Murdock 
 McLean, John 
 McLeland, senior, John 
 i\[cLeod, William 
 McMartin, Malcolm 
 McNairn, John 
 McNaughton, Donald 
 McNaughton, John 
 McNeil, Archibald 
 McNight or Knight, Thos. 
 McPhee, Allan 
 McPherson, Alexander 
 McPherson, John 
 McPherson, Peter 
 McPherson, Murdock 
 McPherson, James 
 McTaggart, — 
 McAVilliams, John 
 Neber or Nehor, John 
 Nettleton, Daniel 
 Nicholson, Alex. 
 Nicholson, Arch'd 
 Noble, William 
 Nudale, Adam 
 Ogden, John 
 Otto, Gotlet or Gotlieb 
 Papst, Adam 
 Paush, Ezekiel 
 Parks, Robert 
 Parker, John 
 Parks, senior, Nathan 
 Parlow, John 
 Parrott, James 
 Palter, Philip 
 Pattingale, Samuel 
 Parks, Cyrenus or Escry- 
 
 nos 
 Parks, James 
 Parks, Nathaniel 
 
 E. D. Lancaster 
 
 L. R. 
 
 Osnabruck 
 
 R. R. N \', Sergeant. 
 
 Ernest town 
 
 L. R., Sergeant 
 
 do 
 
 do Drummer 
 
 E. District 
 
 R.R.N.Y. 
 
 Charlottenburgh 
 
 do 
 
 Edwardsbnrg 
 
 84th 
 
 Cornwall 
 
 R.R.N.Y. 
 
 Williamsburg 
 
 do 
 
 ^larysburgh 
 
 84th 
 
 Ernest town 
 
 L. R. , Sergeant 
 
 E. D't, Williamsburg R. R. N, V. Corporal 
 
 do Augusta 
 
 do 
 
 do ' do 
 
 L. R. , Lieutenant 
 
 do Charlottenb 
 
 'gR. R. N. \. 
 
 do Cornwall 
 
 do 
 
 do Charlottenb 
 
 'g <lo 
 
 do 
 
 do Sergeant 
 
 Cornwall 
 
 84th 
 
 E. D't, Charlottenb 
 
 'g R. R. N. \. 
 
 do do 
 
 do .Sergeant 
 
 Williamsburgh 
 
 do Lieutenant 
 
 p:.Dt., Cornwall 
 
 do Sergeant 
 
 do Charlottenb'] 
 
 [T do 
 
 do do 
 
 do 
 
 do lidwardsburg L. R. 
 
 do 
 
 do 
 
 do 
 
 84th 
 
 do 
 
 R. R. N. Y. 
 
 M. District 
 
 L. R. 
 
 Ernest town 
 
 do 
 
 E. D't Charlottenb' 
 
 gR. R.N. Y., Sergeant 
 
 do do 
 
 di) do 
 
 Fredericksburgh, 
 
 do Corporal 
 
 E. D't, Osnabruck 
 
 -do 
 
 Fredericksburgh 
 
 do 
 
 E. District 
 
 L. R. 
 
 Fredericksburgh 
 
 do 
 
 do 
 
 do 
 
 Lancaster 
 
 Capt. Herchmer's Batteau Co. 
 
 E. District 
 
 R. R. N. Y. 
 
 Marys & Sophiasb'i 
 
 g do 
 
 E. District 
 
 B. R. 
 
 do 
 
 ^0 
 
 do 
 
 Peters' Militia, Sergeant 
 
 do Cornwall 
 
 R. R.,N. Y., Corporal 
 
 H. District 
 
 do 
 
 E. District 
 
 K. R. 
 
 do Matilda 
 
 Artificer at Carleton Island. 
 
 Ernest town 
 
 L. R., Lieutenant 
 
 Matilda 
 
 B. R. 
 
 Fredericksburgh 
 
 R. R. N. Y. 
 
 do 
 
 K. R. 
 
 do 
 
 do Sergeant 
 
 do 
 
 do Drummer 
 
Old Eastern District. 
 
 389 
 
 NAMES. 
 
 RESIDENCE. 
 
 REGIMENT. 
 
 Peck, Calab 
 
 E.D't,W'msburgh 
 
 R. R. N. Y. 
 
 Pember, Philip , 
 
 Kingston 
 
 do Corporal 
 
 Penwick, Samuel 
 
 Elizabethtown 
 
 Lieut, in Col. Peters' Militia 
 
 Perrigor, James 
 
 E. District 
 
 R. R. N. Y. , Sergeant 
 
 Perry, John 
 
 Ernest towh. 
 
 L. R. 
 
 Percy, John 
 
 do 
 
 do 
 
 Perry, senior, Robert 
 
 da 
 
 do Sergeant 
 
 Perry, senior, William 
 
 do 
 
 do 
 
 Peters, John 
 
 Marys & Sophiasb'g 
 
 do Ensign 
 
 Peterson,- Conradt 
 
 E. District 
 
 do Sergeant 
 
 Philips, Elisha 
 
 Fredericksburgh 
 
 K. R. 
 
 Philips, Peter 
 
 do 
 
 R. R. N. \. 
 
 Phillips, Zelia 
 
 Augusta 
 
 K. R., Sergeant 
 
 Pickle, senior, John 
 
 Fredericksburgh 
 
 R. R. N. Y. 
 
 Pickle, junior, John ,■ 
 
 do 
 
 K. R. 
 
 Piller, Michael 
 
 Williamsburgh 
 
 R. K. N. W 
 
 Pitman, Gary 
 
 E. District 
 
 L. R., Fifer 
 
 Pilman or Pitman, Russell Fredericksburgh 
 
 do 
 
 Place, Willain Simmon 
 
 Osnabruck 
 
 K. R. 
 
 Papst, Rudolph 
 
 do 
 
 R, R. N. Y. 
 
 Porter, Timothy 
 
 Marys & Sophiasb'g 
 
 L. R. 
 
 Post, Frederick 
 
 Fredericksburgh 
 
 0. R. 
 
 Pother, John 
 
 Augusta 
 
 L. R., Fifer 
 
 , < Powiss, Edward 
 
 Marysburgh 
 E. District 
 
 84th 
 
 Prentice, Daniel 
 
 R. R. N. Y. 
 
 . Pescod, senior, John 
 
 do Cornwall 
 
 do Sergeant 
 
 Price, Thomas 
 
 Marysburgh 
 
 K. R. 
 
 Prindle, Daetor 
 
 Fredericksburgh 
 
 do 
 
 Prindle, Joel 
 
 do 
 
 do 
 
 Prindle, Joseph 
 
 do 
 
 do 
 
 Prindle or Pringle, Tim. 
 
 do 
 
 do 
 
 Prindle, William 
 
 do 
 
 do 
 
 Prunner, senior, Peter 
 
 E. District 
 
 R. R. N. Y,, Sergeant 
 
 Purdy, Joseph 
 
 Ernest town 
 
 19th, Sergeant 
 
 Putman, Effron or Ephraim E. District 
 
 R. R. N. Y. 
 
 Quin, Michael 
 
 H. District 
 
 do 
 
 Quin, John 
 
 E. District, Cornwal! 
 
 1 do 
 
 Quin, Michael 
 
 . do do 
 
 do 
 
 Rambough, William 
 
 Fredericksburgh 
 
 do 
 
 Rambough, Amos 
 
 E. District 
 
 do 
 
 Rambough, John 
 
 E.D't, Osnabruck 
 
 do 
 
 Rambough, Jacob 
 
 do do 
 
 do 
 
 Randolph, Benjamin 
 
 Yonge 
 
 do 
 
 Ransier or Ransler, Wm. 
 
 Kingston 
 
 do 
 
 Reddick, Christor 
 
 E. D't,Wmsburgli 
 
 do 
 
 Reddick, George 
 
 do do 
 
 do 
 
 Redick, John 
 
 do Osnabruck 
 
 .do 
 
 Redins, Francis 
 
 Ernest town 
 
 do , 
 
 Richards, Owen 
 
 Marys & Sophiasb'g 
 
 do Sergeant 
 
 Ridhardson, Asa 
 
 Fredericksburgh 
 
 L. R. 
 
 •^ Richardson, Wm. 
 
 do 
 
 K. R. 
 
 Rickley or Rightly, And'w 
 
 do 
 
 do 
 
 Roberts, Thomas 
 
 Marysburgh 
 
 R. R. N. Y. 
 
 Robertson, Joseph 
 
 E.D't, Ed waifdsburg 
 
 L. R. 
 
 Robertson, Neil 
 
 E. District 
 
 R. R. N. Y, , Lieutenant 
 
 Robins, James 
 
 JCingston 
 
 L. R., Lieutenant M- 
 
390 
 
 Lunenburgh, or the 
 
 NAMES. 
 
 RESIDENCE. 
 
 REGIMENT. 
 
 Robins, ^^■illiam 
 
 E.D't,Charlottcnb'g 
 
 ■ R. R. N. Y. 
 
 Rogers, William 
 
 Ernest town 
 
 L. R. 
 
 Roice or Roye, sr. , Evan 
 
 E.Dt.,. Cornwall 
 
 R. R. N. Y. 
 
 Roice, jim., Evan 
 
 do do. 
 
 do 
 
 Rovison, Basil 
 
 Elizabethtown 
 
 C). R., Lieutenant 
 
 Rose, Alexander 
 
 E.D't,Charlottenb'g 
 
 ; R. R. N. Y. 
 
 Rose, Charles 
 
 do do 
 
 do 
 
 Rose, Daniel . 
 
 Ernest town 
 
 L. R. 
 
 Rose, Matthias 
 
 do 
 
 do 
 
 Rose, junior, Matthias 
 
 do 
 
 do 
 
 Rose, Samuel 
 
 E.D't, Edwardsbu'g 
 
 Joined Gen. Biirgoyne 
 
 Rosenbury or Rosenburg, 
 
 Jacob 
 Rose, Alex. 
 
 do W'msburgh 
 
 L. R. 
 
 do do 
 
 R. R. N. Y. , Drummer 
 
 Ross,. Donald 
 
 do Lancaster, 
 
 Of Capt. Watt's Co. 
 
 Ross, Donald 
 
 do do 
 
 R.R.N.Y., came with Sir 
 J. Johnson, 1776 
 
 Ross, Finlay 
 
 do Charlottenb'g 
 
 ' R. R. N. W 
 
 Ross, Jacob 
 
 do Osnabruck 
 
 do 
 
 Ross, Philip 
 
 do Charlottenb'g 
 
 do 
 
 Ross, Thomas 
 
 do Cornwall 
 
 do 
 
 Ross, Walter 
 
 Marysburgh 
 
 84th, Sergeant 
 
 Ross, ^^^illiam 
 
 do 
 
 do 
 
 Ross, Zenus 
 
 Fredericksburtjh 
 
 K. R. 
 
 Rudderbiick, John 
 
 E.D't, Edwardsb'g 
 
 L. R. 
 
 Rimnion, Henry 
 
 do Cornwall 
 
 R. R. N. Y. 
 
 Rupert, Podor or Peter 
 
 do Osnabruck 
 
 do 
 
 Rush or Rusk, Martin 
 
 l^rnest town 
 
 K. R. 
 
 Russell, Michael 
 
 E.D't, Matilda 
 
 R. R. N. Y. 
 
 Russell, William 
 
 do do 
 
 do Corporal 
 
 Sanders, J-Ienry 
 
 do Yonge 
 
 L. R. 
 
 .Saunders, Abraham 
 
 do Edwardsburp 
 
 ' do - 
 
 Saunders, Henry 
 
 Marysburgh 
 
 K. R. 
 
 Saunders, William 
 
 E. D't, Edwardsb'g 
 
 L. R. 
 
 Saver, John 
 
 do Matilda 
 
 R. R. N. Y. 
 
 Scaffer or Schaffer, Nicho 
 
 las 
 .Schermerhorn, Wni. 
 
 ■ do 
 
 E. R., Sergeant 
 
 Fredericksburgh 
 
 K. R. 
 
 .Schneeider, Abraham 
 
 Ernest town 
 
 L. R. 
 
 Schneeider, John 
 
 do 
 
 do 
 
 Schneider, Isaac 
 
 do 
 
 do , 
 
 Schneeider, Simon 
 
 do 
 
 do ^ 
 
 Scott, Arch'd 
 
 H. District , 
 
 R. R. N. Y. 
 
 Scott, senior, John 
 
 E. District 
 
 L. R. 
 
 Scott, Francis 
 
 do , Augusta 
 
 do Sergeant 
 
 .Scott, John 
 
 do 
 
 do 
 
 Sea, Hermanns 
 
 Ernest towir 
 
 do 
 
 Segar, senior, Stoatz 
 
 Richmond 
 
 R. R. N. Y. 
 
 Sealey, Joseph 
 
 Augusta 
 
 L. R. 
 
 Sealey, Justus 
 
 Elizabethtown 
 
 do Drummer 
 
 Sealey, Justus 
 
 E. District, Augusta 
 
 L R. R. N. Y. 
 
 Service, junior, John 
 
 do Matilda 
 
 do 
 
 Service, Philip, (died at 
 
 
 do 
 
 Lachine) 
 
 
 
 Servos, Christopher 
 
 E. D't, Osnabruck 
 
 do 
 
 Servos, Philip 
 
 , flo Matilda 
 
 do 
 
Old Eastern District. 
 
 391 
 
 NAMES. 
 
 RESIDENCE. 
 
 REGIMENT. 
 
 Servos, Peter 
 
 
 R. R. N. \. 
 
 Sharpe, Cornelius 
 
 Adoljjhustown 
 
 L. K. 
 
 Sharpe, junior, John G. 
 
 Ernest town 
 
 do 
 
 Sharpe, Giiesbard or Guys 
 
 Ixirg 
 Sharp, John 
 
 i- do 
 
 do Lieutenant 
 
 E.D't, Edwardsb'g 
 
 do 
 
 Shaver, John 
 
 do Osnabruck 
 
 B. R. 
 
 Shaver, Adam 
 
 do Matilda 
 
 K. R. N. v.. Corporal 
 do 
 
 Shaver, John 
 
 do do 
 
 Shavef, John 
 
 do W'msburgh 
 
 do 
 
 Shaver, Jacob 
 
 do Matilda 
 
 do 
 
 Shaver, senior, Philip 
 
 do do 
 
 do 
 
 Shaw, William 
 
 Fredericksburgh 
 
 do Corporal 
 
 Sheck, Christian 
 
 E.D't, Cornwall 
 
 do 
 
 Sheets, George 
 
 do do 
 
 do 
 
 Sheets, senior, Jacob 
 
 do do 
 
 do 
 
 Sheets, W'm. 
 
 do do 
 
 do 
 
 Shell, John 
 
 do W'msburgh 
 
 do 
 
 Sherman, Simon 
 
 Hawkesbury 
 
 L. R. 
 
 Sherwood, Samuel 
 
 Thurlow 
 
 do Lieutenant 
 
 Sherwood; Justus 
 
 E. District 
 
 do Captain 
 
 Sherwood,. Samuel 
 
 do 
 
 do 
 
 Sherwood, Thomas 
 
 do 
 
 do Ensign 
 
 Shebley, John 
 
 Ernest town 
 
 do Corporal 
 
 Shibley, Jacob 
 
 do 
 
 do 
 
 Shoeman, Martin 
 
 P'redericksburgh 
 
 R. R. N. V. 
 
 Shoeman, William 
 
 do 
 
 do 
 
 Shorey, senior, David 
 
 Ernest town 
 
 L. R. 
 
 Shawder or Schrador, May 
 
 do 
 
 do 
 
 nus 
 Schwettfeyer, John A. 
 
 Williamsburgh 
 
 R. R. N. V. 
 
 Silk, Daily 
 
 E.D't, Edwardsb'g 
 
 L.R. 
 
 Sills, Conrad 
 
 Fredericksburgh 
 
 R. R. N. V. 
 
 Sills, George 
 
 do 
 
 do 
 
 Silmeser, Maftin 
 
 E. D't, Cornwall 
 
 L. R. 
 
 Silmeser, Nicholas 
 
 do do 
 
 R. R. N. ^■. 
 
 Sinimonds, Henry 
 
 Ernest town 
 
 L. R., Lieiitetianl 
 
 Simonds, Henry 
 
 Thurlow 
 
 do 
 
 Simmonds, Nicholas 
 
 Ernest town 
 
 do 
 
 Singleton, George 
 
 Thurlow 
 
 R. R. N. \'. , Captain 
 
 Sipes, Andrew 
 
 Matilda 
 
 B. R. 
 
 Smith,- Benoin 
 
 E. D't, Augusta 
 
 McAlpin's Corps 
 
 Smith, Comfort 
 
 Fredericksburgh 
 
 K. R. 
 
 Smith, Daniel 
 
 do 
 
 do 
 
 Smith, Daniel 
 
 E.D't, Cornwall 
 
 K. R. N. \'. 
 
 Smith, Dennis > 
 
 Augusta 
 
 L. R. 
 
 Smith, Dennis 
 
 Edwardsburg 
 
 do 
 
 Smith, George 
 
 Elizabethtown 
 
 R. R. N. Y. 
 
 Smith, John 
 
 H. District 
 
 78th Regt. ; at taking of Que- 
 bec joined S4th Regt. 
 
 Smith, John 
 
 Fredericksburgh 
 
 K. R. 
 
 Smith, John 
 
 E.D't, Augusta 
 
 L. R., Sergeant 
 
 Smith, senior, John 
 
 do Cornwall 
 
 R. R. N. Y. 
 
 Smith, senior, Jacob 
 
 Fredericksburgh 
 
 do 
 
 Smith, James 
 
 E.D't, Charlottenb'g 
 
 :84th 
 
 Smith, Michael 
 
 Fredericksburgh 
 
 R. R. N. Y. 
 
392 
 
 Lunenburgh, or the 
 
 NAMES. 
 
 RESIDENCE. 
 
 REGIMENT. 
 
 Smith, senior, Peter 
 
 E.D't,Charlottenb'| 
 
 J R. R. N 
 
 . Y. 
 
 Smith, junior, Peter 
 
 do do 
 
 84th 
 
 
 Smith, Philip 
 
 Fredericksburgh 
 
 R. R. N. 
 
 Y. 
 
 Smith, 'Richard 
 
 Osnabruck 
 
 do 
 
 
 Smith, Robert 
 
 E. D't, Elizabetht'n do 
 
 
 Smith, Samuel 
 
 Kingston 
 
 L. R. 
 
 
 Smith, Stephen 
 
 E.D't, Elizabethl'n 
 
 K. R. N. 
 
 V. 
 
 Smith, Thomas 
 
 do Yonge 
 
 do 
 
 Ensign 
 
 Smith, Wm. 
 
 Fredericksburgh 
 
 L. R. 
 
 
 Snetsinger, Matthias 
 
 E.D't, Cornwall 
 
 R. R. N. 
 
 \. 
 
 Snyder, Adam 
 
 do do 
 
 do 
 
 
 Snyder, Conrad t 
 
 do do 
 
 do 
 
 
 Snyder, John 
 
 do Lancaster 
 
 do 
 
 
 Snyder, Jeremiah 
 
 do do 
 
 do 
 
 
 Snyder, Marcus 
 
 Ernest town 
 
 L. R. 
 
 
 Snyder, senior, William 
 
 E.D't, Ehzabetht'n 
 
 do Ensign 
 
 Snyder, junior, William 
 
 do do 
 
 do 
 
 
 Sowils, senior, William 
 
 do Matilda 
 
 do 
 
 
 Sparam, Doctor 
 
 do Augusta 
 
 Hospital 
 
 Mate 
 
 Spencer, Hazelton 
 
 Fredericksburgh 
 
 R. R. N. 
 
 \., Lieutenant 
 
 Spicef, Daniel 
 
 E. District 
 
 L. R. 
 
 
 Spicer, Ezekiel 
 
 E.D't, Augusta 
 
 do 
 
 
 Stanford, Wm. 
 
 do Matilda 
 
 R. R. N. 
 
 Y. 
 
 Starrs or Starr, George 
 
 do Yonge 
 
 L. R. 
 
 
 Stata or Stait, Henry 
 
 do W'msburgh 
 
 R. R. N. 
 
 \. 
 
 Staty, Philip 
 
 do Osnabruck 
 
 do 
 
 
 Stealy, Martin 
 
 do Matilda 
 
 do 
 
 
 Steely, Tobias 
 
 Fredericksburgh 
 
 do 
 
 
 Stevens, Roger 
 
 E. District 
 
 K. R., Ensign 
 
 Stewart, John 
 
 Marysburgh 
 
 84th 
 
 
 Stiles, Selah or Silas 
 
 H. District 
 
 R. R. N. 
 
 Y. 
 
 Stoneburner or Stonebrand 
 
 - E. District 
 
 do 
 
 Drummer 
 
 er, John 
 
 
 
 
 Stoneburner, Joseph 
 
 do 
 
 do 
 
 Corporal 
 
 Stoneburner, Leonard 
 
 do 
 
 do 
 
 
 .Stoneburner, junior, Jacob 
 
 do Cornwall 
 
 do 
 
 
 Stooks, Edward 
 
 H. District 
 
 do 
 
 
 Storin, George 
 
 Williamsburgh 
 
 do 
 
 
 Stonn, John 
 
 do 
 
 do 
 
 
 Slorens, Gilbert 
 
 Ernest town 
 
 L. R. 
 
 
 Stover, Martin 
 
 do 
 
 do 
 
 
 Strada, Henry 
 
 E.D't, W'msburgh 
 
 R. R. N. 
 
 \. 
 
 Strader, John 
 
 do Matilda 
 
 do 
 
 
 Strader, -Simon 
 
 do do 
 
 do 
 
 
 .Strader, William 
 
 do do 
 
 do 
 
 
 Stuart, James 
 
 do Osnabruck 
 
 do 
 
 Surgeon's-mate 
 
 Stuart, Rev. John 
 
 Kingston 
 
 do 
 
 Chaplain 
 
 Summers, Andrew 
 
 E.D't, Charlottenb'g do 
 
 
 Summers, Jacob 
 
 do do 
 
 do 
 
 
 Sutherland, Alex. 
 
 do Lancaster 
 
 do 
 
 
 Sutherland, George 
 
 do do 
 
 do 
 
 
 Sutherland, John 
 
 Marysburgh 
 
 do 
 
 
 Sutherland, Walter 
 
 E.D't, Lancaster 
 
 do 
 
 Lieutenant 
 
 Swart, Simon 
 
 Ernest town 
 
 do 
 
 
 Swartieger, Frederick 
 
 Marys & Sophiasb'g 
 
 do 
 
 
 Sweet, Oliver 
 
 E.D't, Augusta 
 
 R. R., Co 
 
 irporal 
 
Old Eastern District. 
 
 393 
 
 NAMES. 
 
 RESIDENCE. 
 
 REGIMENT. 
 
 Switzer, Philip 
 
 Ernest town - 
 
 L. R., Corporal 
 
 Taylor, John 
 
 Thurlow 
 
 do 
 
 Thicle or Thiol)-, John 
 
 Ernest town 
 
 do 
 
 Thomas, Jacob 
 
 E. D't, Elizabetht'n 
 
 do 
 
 Thomas, Peter 
 
 Ernest town 
 
 do 
 
 Thompkins, Israel 
 
 E. D't, Augusta 
 
 do 
 
 Thompson, George 
 
 do Matilda 
 
 R. R. N. Y., Corporal 
 
 Thompson, John 
 
 do Yonge 
 
 do 
 
 Thompson, Timothy 
 
 Fredericksburgh 
 
 do Ensign 
 
 Thompson, William 
 
 do 
 
 K. R. 
 
 Tillebough or Dilleboiigh, 
 
 E. D't, Matilda 
 
 R. R. N. \'. 
 
 Christian 
 
 
 
 Tilliboiigh or Dillebach, 
 
 do do 
 
 R. Foresters' 
 
 Martin ( 
 
 
 
 Tipple, John 
 
 do Osnabrtick 
 
 ; R. R. N. \. , Sergeant 
 
 Tuttle, Nathan 
 
 do ^'onge 
 
 L. R. 
 
 Twohy, John 
 
 
 R. R. N. \-. 
 
 Tyler, Gerrard 
 
 Fredericksburgh 
 
 L. R. 
 
 Urquhart, William 
 
 E. D't, Lancaster 
 
 R. R. N. y. 
 
 Valentine, widow, C. 
 
 do 
 
 Widow of Adjt John \'al 
 entine, R. R. N. \-. 
 
 Van Allen, Jacob 
 
 do Matilda 
 
 R. R. N. Y. 
 
 Van Alstine, Isaac 
 
 Richmond 
 
 do 
 
 Van Alstine, Lambert or 
 
 do 
 
 do 
 
 Lumber 
 
 
 
 Van Camp, John 
 
 E. D't, Matilda 
 
 L. R. 
 
 Van Camp, Jacob 
 
 do do 
 
 R. R. N. V. 
 
 Vqn Camp, Peter 
 
 do do 
 
 L. R. 
 
 Van Debarrich or Vande- 
 
 Richmond 
 
 R. R. N. V. 
 
 berg. Garret 
 
 
 
 Vanderbozart, Francis 
 
 Fredericlcsburgh 
 
 K. R. 
 
 Vanderheyden, Adam 
 
 Ernest town 
 
 L. R. 
 
 Vanducan, Ralph or Roelfe do 
 
 do 
 
 Vankoughnet, Mickle 
 
 E.D't, Cornwall 
 
 R. R. N.V. 
 
 Vent, Adam 
 
 Ernest town 
 
 L. R. 
 
 Wager or \\'eager, Ever- 
 
 Fredericksburgh 
 
 R. R. N. Y. 
 
 hard 
 
 
 
 Wager, 'I'homas 
 
 do 
 
 do 
 
 Waggoner, Henry 
 
 E. District, Cornwall do 
 
 Waggoner, senior, Jacob 
 
 do do 
 
 do 
 
 Warcoff, John 
 
 Yonge 
 
 L. R. 
 
 Wait, George 
 
 , E. D't, Cornwall 
 
 R. R. X. Y. 
 
 Waite, Joseph 
 
 do do 
 
 do Corpora 
 
 Walker, senior, Daniel 
 
 Ernest town 
 
 L. R. 
 
 Walker, James 
 
 E- D't, Augusta 
 
 do Surgeon 
 
 Walliser, Anthony 
 
 do Matilda 
 
 R. Jl. N. Y. 
 do 
 
 Walliser,. John 
 
 do do 
 
 Walliser, Martin 
 
 do do 
 
 do 
 
 Walter, Martin 
 
 E. D't, Matilda 
 
 do 
 
 Walter, Philip 
 
 do do 
 
 do 
 
 Warner, senior, Michael 
 
 do Cornwall 
 
 do 
 
 Washburn, Ebenezer 
 
 Fredericksburgh 
 
 L. R., Sergeant 
 
 Weart, Conradt 
 
 E.D't, Osnabruck 
 
 R. R. N. Y. 
 
 Weart, George 
 
 E. D't, Wms'burg 
 
 do 
 
 Weart or Whart, John 
 
 .Sopias&Amhersb'rg 
 
 do 
 
 Weatherhead, Samuel 
 
 E. D't, Augusta 
 
 L. R. 
 
394 
 
 Lunenhurgh, or the 
 
 Weaver, Frederick 
 A\'eaver, John 
 \Veaver, Peter 
 Weiger, Jacob 
 Welch, Samuel 
 Welch. W'ca. 
 Wert, Andrew 
 Wert, junior, John 
 Whaling or ^\'helane, 
 
 Michael 
 Whealer or Whelin, David 
 White, senior, Joseph 
 Whitley, John 
 Whitley, John 
 Wichwise, Jonathan 
 \Vickwise, Lewis 
 W^ickwise, Philip 
 Williams, Albert 
 Williams, Armstrong 
 Williams, senior, David 
 Williams, senior, John 
 Williams, junior, John 
 Williams, James 
 Williams, Robert 
 Williams. jVIoses 
 Williams, Samuel 
 Wjlsey, Benona 
 ^ViIsie, James 
 Wilsie, John 
 Wiltsey, junior, Benoni 
 Winter, Henry 
 Winter, Peter 
 AVist or Wiust, David 
 Wist or Wuist, John 
 Wist, junior, John 
 Wood, Benjamin 
 Wood, John 
 Wood, Jonas 
 Wood, Roger 
 Wood, Thomas 
 Wood. William 
 Woodcock, Abraharn 
 Woodcock, John 
 Work or \Varwick, J as. 
 Wright, Asel 
 Wright, Daniel 
 
 Wright, James 
 Wright, Jesse 
 Wright, Joseph 
 Voung, Daniel 
 Young, senior, Henry 
 Young, Henry 
 Young, senior, Peter 
 Young, junior, Peter 
 Zufelt, Henry 
 
 RESIDENCE. 
 
 
 REGIMENT. 
 
 E.b't, 
 
 Cornwall 
 
 R. 
 
 R. N. \. 
 
 do 
 
 do 
 
 
 do 
 
 do 
 
 do 
 
 
 do 
 
 do 
 
 ^^'m'sburg, 
 
 
 do Sergeant 
 
 Ernest town 
 
 K. 
 
 R. 
 
 E. D't 
 
 , Edwardsb'g 
 
 Naval Department 
 
 do 
 
 Osnabruck 
 
 R. 
 
 R. N. Y. 
 
 do 
 
 do 
 
 
 do 
 
 do 
 
 Charlottenb'g 
 
 
 do 
 
 do ' do 
 cto Augusta 
 do Elizabethto'n 
 do do 
 
 do 
 
 do ^Vugusta 
 do do 
 
 l''redericksburgh 
 Ernest town 
 do 
 do 
 do 
 do 
 do 
 li. D't, Lancaster 
 Ernest town 
 E. D't, Augusta 
 Yonge 
 
 do 
 E. D't, Elizabetht'n 
 do Cornwall 
 do do 
 
 Ernest town 
 do 
 do 
 E.D't,Charlottenb'g 
 do Cornwall 
 do Wms'burg 
 do Cornwall 
 do Elizabetht'n 
 do Cornwall 
 Fredericksburgh 
 
 do 
 Ernest town 
 Augusta 
 E. D't, Cornwall 
 
 E. D't, Elizabetht'n 
 
 E. D't, Matilda 
 
 Marysburg 
 
 Marys & Sophiasb'g 
 
 Fredericksburgh 
 
 Marys & .Sophiasb'g 
 
 Fredericksburg 
 
 do 
 Hallowel 
 
 do 
 L. R. 
 
 R. R. N. ^^ 
 
 L. R. 
 
 do 
 K. R. 
 L. R. 
 
 R. R, N. Y. 
 L. R. 
 do Sergeant 
 do 
 do 
 do 
 do 
 L. R., Corporal 
 Lt. in Major Ward's Corps 
 L. R., .Sergeant 
 do 
 do 
 do 
 R. R. N. ^'. 
 
 do 
 L. R. 
 
 R. R. N. \\ 
 L. R. 
 B. R. 
 
 R. R. N. \. 
 do 
 do 
 L. R. 
 
 R. R. N. Y. 
 do 
 do 
 L. R. 
 84th 
 
 Joined Royal Standard 1777, 
 S.Anderson's certificate 
 84th 
 
 R. R. N. Y., Sergeant 
 84th 
 
 R. R. N. Y. 
 do 
 
 do Lieutenant 
 do- 
 do Drummer 
 L. R. 
 
Old Eastern District. 
 
 395 
 
 Names Inserted on U. E. List by Order ok the Honourable the 
 Executive Council.* 
 / 
 
 name. 
 Claus, William, Captain 
 
 REGIMENT. 
 R. R. N. Y., Lieutenant 
 
 SUE'PLEMENTARY LiST.* 
 
 XAMES. 
 
 REGIMENT. 
 
 NAMES. 
 
 REGIMENT. 
 
 Armstrong, Jonathan 
 
 R.R.N.Y. 
 
 Bangell, William 
 
 R.R.N.Y. 
 
 Alt, Conrad 
 
 do 
 
 Bangell, John 
 
 do 
 
 Argassinger, Philip 
 
 do 
 
 Becker, Conradt 
 
 do 
 
 Austin, Isaac 
 
 do 
 
 Brathower, John 
 
 do 
 
 Archer, Edward 
 
 do 
 
 Beverley, David 
 
 do 
 
 Aston, Jacob 
 
 do 
 
 Beny, George 
 
 do 
 
 Allen, John 
 
 L. K. 
 
 Brahower, Francis 
 
 do 
 
 Andrew, John 
 
 do 
 
 Benneway, Exekiel 
 
 do 
 
 Andrew, Jacob 
 
 do 
 
 Burke, John 
 
 L. R. , Corp'l 
 
 Ayres, Daniel B. 
 
 do 
 
 Best, Conrad 
 
 do Ensign 
 
 Allen, Andrew 
 
 84th 
 
 Balster, William 
 
 do 
 
 Alyine, Philip 
 
 R.R.R.V. 
 
 Bennet, Charles 
 
 do 
 
 Algire, John 
 
 do 
 
 Brownson, John 
 
 do 
 
 Alexander, David 
 
 84th 
 
 Beagle, Daniel 
 
 do 
 
 Acher, Lodwick 
 
 R.R.N.Y. 
 
 Bomistell, Philip 
 
 do 
 
 Austin, Dalton Chas. 
 
 •do Surg'n 
 
 Bobbit, Elkanah 
 
 do 
 
 Ashburn, John 
 
 \ 84th, Corporal 
 
 Browson, James 
 
 do 
 
 Antonee, Richard 
 
 R.R.N.Y. 
 
 Bell, Enos 
 
 do 
 
 Bartlemas, Peter 
 
 L. R. 
 
 Bolton, Henry 
 
 do 
 
 Barber, Abraham 
 
 do 
 
 Belts, Benjamin 
 
 do 
 
 Burk, Patrick 
 
 R.R.N.Y. 
 
 Burgarr, Alexander 
 
 do 
 
 Ball, Jacob 
 
 L. R. 
 
 Blasher, Lozo 
 
 do 
 
 Boket, Dallows 
 
 do 
 
 Beaty, David 
 
 do 
 
 Brownhill, Stephen 
 
 R.R.N.Y. 
 
 Beckman, Samuel 
 
 do 
 
 Bradford or Burnett, 
 
 L. R. 
 
 Boltwood, John 
 
 do 
 
 John 
 
 
 Burrows, Thomas 
 
 do 
 
 Bouks, John 
 
 R.R.N.Y. 
 
 Bratt, Abraham 
 
 do 
 
 Best, Harmanus 
 
 L. R. or Rogers' 
 
 Brisbin, John 
 
 do 
 
 
 R. , Ensign 
 
 Blockley, John 
 
 do 
 
 Bender, Lawrence 
 
 R.R.N.Y. 
 
 Brisbie, Robert 
 
 do 
 
 Bauhers or Bracken, 
 
 do 
 
 Brisbin, Samuel 
 
 ,do 
 
 John 
 
 
 Brisbin, James 
 
 do 
 
 Bolton, Abraham 
 
 L. R. 
 
 Bustard, William 
 
 do 
 
 Black, Jacob 
 
 R.R.N.Y. 
 
 Brown, [ames 
 
 do 
 
 Becker, Adam 
 
 do 
 
 Earnhardt, Jobest 
 
 do 
 
 Bank, David 
 
 do 
 
 Bell, Francis 
 
 do 
 
 Blook, John 
 
 do 
 
 Benninger, Isaac 
 
 do 
 
 Burns, Garret 
 
 do 
 
 Burke, Peter 
 
 R.R.N.Y. 
 
 Bratt, Elisha 
 
 do 
 
 Bowen, William C. 
 
 do 
 
 Black, Cato 
 
 do 
 
 Bocker, John 
 
 do 2nd Bn 
 
 Brooks, Donald 
 
 do Drum'r 
 
 Colder, John 
 
 do 
 
 Baxter, Roger 
 
 do 
 
 Coons, Simeon 
 
 do do 
 
 Bangell, Henry 
 
 do 
 
 Chambers, Robert 
 
 do 
 
 Bangell, Peter 
 
 do 
 
 Cattum or Cottom, 
 
 do 
 
 Bangell, Adam 
 
 do 
 
 William 
 
 
 ■* In these Lists the places of residence or settlements are not given, as they 
 ar« in the first List, 
 
396 
 
 Lunenhurgh, or the 
 
 NAMES. 
 
 REGIMENT. 
 
 NAMES. 
 
 REGIMENT. 
 
 Crfiiher, John 
 
 R.R.N.Y. 
 
 Carr, John 
 
 R.R.N.Y. 
 
 Cook, Philip 
 
 do Cofp'l 
 
 Clock, Jacob 
 
 do 
 
 Courtney, Dennis 
 
 do 
 
 Dodge, Thomas 
 
 do 
 
 Carrier, John 
 
 L. R. 
 
 Davis, John 
 
 L. R. 
 
 Cross, John 
 
 R.R.N.V. 
 
 Dennys, Nicholas 
 
 R.R.N.V. 
 
 Corregan, Paul 
 
 L. R. 
 
 Dusler, William 
 
 do 
 
 Clark, Thos., Char- 
 
 Sergeant 
 
 Dusler, Andrew 
 
 do 
 
 lottenburgh 
 
 
 Davis, John 
 
 , do 
 
 Curere, ■ — , Matlida 
 
 Corporal 
 
 Daley, Patrick 
 
 do Captain 
 
 Cameron, Duncan 
 
 84th 
 
 Darcy, Thomas 
 
 do Paymaster 
 
 Cogd(jn,'John 
 
 R.R.N.V 
 
 Delany, Peter 
 
 do Ensign 
 
 Crousc, Peter 
 
 do Corp'l 
 
 Dennis, junior, Jacob 
 
 do 
 
 Campbell, Wm. 
 
 do 
 
 Deal, Adam 
 
 do 
 
 Cornelius, Henry 
 
 do 
 
 Dunberry, John 
 
 do 
 
 Calder, James 
 
 do 
 
 Daley, William 
 
 do 
 
 CuUegan, Charles 
 
 do 
 
 Dopp, John 
 
 do 
 
 Carr, Hugh 
 
 do 
 
 Dopp, Adam 
 
 do 
 
 Clyne, Jacob 
 
 do 
 
 Dure, John 
 
 -do 
 
 Crossley, Nathaniel 
 
 do 
 
 , Dougherty, John 
 
 do 
 
 Connolly, William 
 
 do 
 
 Daily, Philip 
 
 do 
 
 Cain, Henry 
 
 do 
 
 Devan, Cornelius 
 
 do Corporal 
 
 Creightoop, John 
 
 do 
 
 Davis, James 
 
 L. R. 
 
 CHne, Philip 
 
 do 
 
 Duntan, Levi 
 
 do 
 
 Case, Elijah or Elihue 
 
 do Drum'r 
 
 Dunham, Samuel 
 
 do 
 
 Cryderman, Thomas 
 
 do 
 
 Davis, Benjamin 
 
 do 
 
 Crawford, David ^ 
 
 do 
 
 Dunham, Solomon 
 
 do 
 
 Clair, Francis 
 
 do 
 
 Dawson, John 
 
 do 
 
 Carrier, Martin 
 
 do 
 
 Drake, Benjainin 
 
 do 
 
 Crabtree, John 
 
 do 
 
 Davis, Daniel 
 
 do 
 
 Cousins, John 
 
 do do 
 
 Dodge, Peter 
 
 R.R.N.V. 
 
 Cole, Henry 
 
 L. R. 
 
 Evickhouse, Henry 
 
 do 
 
 Cox, Edward John 
 
 do 
 
 Ellice. John 
 
 84th 
 
 Cossens, Jacob 
 
 do 
 
 Embry or Embra, Jno, 
 
 . do 
 
 Carpenter, Beloved 
 
 do 
 
 Essling, Garrett 
 
 R.R.N.V. 
 
 Cameron, Hugh 
 
 do 
 
 Elloms, John 
 
 do 
 
 Clark, William 
 
 do 
 
 Earhart, Simon 
 
 do 
 
 Coons, Mathias 
 
 do 
 
 Elcihs, Moses 
 
 L. R. 
 
 Castle, Elephalet 
 
 do 
 
 Ernest, Anthony 
 
 do 
 
 Choudv, Jacob 
 
 do 
 
 Foster, Adam 
 
 R.R.N.Y. 
 
 Costelow, James 
 
 do 
 
 Freize, Jacob 
 
 do 
 
 Crisedell, Thomas 
 
 do 
 
 P'reeman, Francis 
 
 84th 
 
 Carpenter, lohn 
 
 do 
 
 Faucher, 1 '. 
 
 do 
 
 Curtis, Uriah 
 
 do 
 
 F'osborough, John 
 
 L. R. 
 
 Crawford, George 
 
 do 
 
 Falconer, Thomas 
 
 84th 
 
 Crawson, Abraham 
 
 do 
 
 Freeman, Richard 
 
 R.R.N.V. 
 
 Coleton, Daniel 
 
 do 
 
 Ferguson, John 
 
 L. R. 
 
 Conner, Thomas 
 
 do 
 
 Fulton, Michael 
 
 R-R.N.\-. 
 
 Copeland, William 
 
 do 
 
 Frats. David 
 
 do 
 
 Conner, Michael 
 
 do 
 
 Fraystown, Michael 
 
 do 
 
 Coon, Abraham 
 
 do 
 
 Freeland, John 
 
 do 
 
 Cline, Henry 
 
 do 
 
 Fries, Abraham 
 
 do 
 
 Carpenter, Jacob 
 
 do 
 
 F^inknor, John 
 
 do 
 
 Cotlard, James 
 
 do 
 
 Fyke, Francis 
 
 do 
 
 Conklin, Abraham 
 
 di 
 
 Ferguson, John 
 
 L. R. 
 
 Cole, George 
 
 do'. 
 
 Fenel, Amherst 
 
 do 
 
 (,'ole, Francis 
 
 R.R.N.V. 
 
 Falterer, Jqhii 
 
 flC! 
 
Old Eastern District. 
 
 397 
 
 Falteroth, John 
 Fajkner, — 
 Ferris, England 
 Frink, Andrew 
 Fraser, James 
 French, Andrew 
 Frederick, Dedrick 
 P>ancis, Jeremiah Wm 
 Ferguson, James 
 Fock or Fykes, John 
 German, junior, John 
 Gibson, Andrew 
 Crevasse, Asa 
 Gleeson, Daniel 
 Glenn, Jacob, 
 Gummersall, Thomas 
 Goshee, Peter 
 Gilchrist, fohn, Eliza- 
 
 bethtown 
 Grant, Alexander, 
 
 Charlottenbnrg 
 Grant, Allan, Eliza- 
 
 bethtown 
 Grant, Archibald 
 Grout, John 
 Grjint, Hugh 
 Gray, Philip 
 Griffin, Charles 
 Gavin, Thamns 
 Gillet, Adonijah 
 Goodwilly, Josejih 
 Gilles, John 
 Gordineer, Robert 
 Garhard, Mathew 
 Garvey, John 
 Gallermoult, Baptiste 
 Hopper, Conrad 
 Hayne, Henry 
 Hoff, Hans 
 Hattingbrant, Jacob 
 Hay, Henry 
 Holland, J ohnFred'k 
 Hamilton, Robert 
 Hamilton, William 
 Heron, Owen 
 Hamilton, Colin, Corn 
 
 wall or Roxborough 
 Hay, John, Charlotten 
 
 burgh 
 Henly, Thomas, Haw 
 
 ' kesbury 
 Holities, Thos., Osna 
 
 bruck 
 Hind, Thomas, Fred- 
 
 ericksburgh 
 Herns, John ' 
 
 REGIMEiNJ'. 
 
 NAMES. 
 
 UliGI^IKNT. 
 
 L. R. 
 
 Herring, John 
 
 R.R.N.V. 
 
 do 
 
 Haston, Izrail 
 
 do 
 
 do 
 
 Hubor, Adam 
 
 do 
 
 do 
 
 House, Chronst 
 
 do 
 
 do 
 
 Heeth, John 
 
 do ■* 
 
 do 
 
 Howel, Griffith 
 
 do 
 
 do 
 
 Hales, Johrt 
 
 do 
 
 . do 
 
 Hope, Richard 
 
 do 
 
 R.R.N.V. 
 
 Henning, Henry 
 
 do 
 
 do 
 
 Havilin, Benjamin 
 
 do 
 
 L. R. 
 
 Holland, David 
 
 do 
 
 R.R.N.V. 
 
 Hylard, Nicholas 
 
 do 
 
 L. R. 
 
 Herring, Nathaniel 
 
 do 
 
 84th 
 
 Herring, Henry 
 
 do 
 
 R R.N.\'., Lieut, 
 
 . Haines, Henry 
 
 do 
 
 do Captain 
 
 Himmand, Benjamin 
 
 do 
 
 84th 
 
 Homer, William 
 
 ^ do 
 
 L. R., Sergeant 
 
 Hyatt, Cornelius 
 
 L. R. 
 
 
 HiUiker, John 
 
 do Sergt. 
 
 do do 
 
 Harris, Jonathan 
 
 do 
 
 
 Harris, Richard 
 
 do 
 
 do do 
 
 Hard, Limon 
 
 do 
 
 
 Hewet, Henry 
 
 do 
 
 84th, Lieut. 
 
 Haath, Phineas 
 
 do 
 
 R.R.N.V. 
 
 Hiens, Godfrey 
 
 do i 
 do ' 
 
 do 
 
 Holland, John And'w 
 
 do 
 
 Hielle, Andrew 
 
 do 
 
 L. R. 
 
 Hutlinger, Adam 
 
 do 
 
 do 
 
 Hoysler, Henry 
 
 do 
 
 do 
 
 Hellik?r, Abraham 
 
 do 
 
 do 
 
 Hard, Elisha 
 
 do 
 
 do 
 
 Hoyt, Abraham 
 
 do 
 
 do 
 
 Hubbel, Isaac 
 
 do 
 
 do 
 
 itunter, Moses 
 
 do 
 
 do 
 
 Hill, Timothy 
 
 do 
 
 do 
 
 ,Hand, John 
 
 do 
 
 R.R.N.Y. 
 
 Hoffman, Jabest 
 
 do 
 
 do 
 
 Holstead, Emas 
 
 do 
 
 do 
 
 JIutchison, George 
 
 do 
 
 do 
 
 Hervey, David 
 
 do 
 
 do Lieut. 
 
 liuntly, John 
 
 do 
 
 do do 
 
 Harman, Valentine 
 
 do 
 
 do 
 
 Hoy, Alexander 
 
 do 
 
 do 
 
 Hyatt, Gilbert 
 
 do 
 
 84th, Ser.-Maj. 
 
 Hoyle, John 
 
 do 
 
 do Corporal Hawley, Eli 
 
 do 
 
 
 Hogle, George 
 
 do 
 
 - Sergeant 
 
 . Hogedale, Christopher 
 
 do 
 
 
 Hogedale, John 
 
 do 
 
 ■ do 
 
 Huddleman, John An- 
 drew 
 
 do 
 
 ■ do 
 
 Hoeman, John 
 
 do 
 
 
 Hagerdoon, Peter 
 
 do 
 
 ■ do 
 
 Hogan, Edward' 
 
 do 
 
 
 Heymond, J6h'n 
 
 do 
 
 R.R.N.Y. 
 
 Posier, Joseph 
 
 do 
 
 AC 
 
398 
 
 Lunenburgh, or the 
 
 Hope, Richard 
 
 Hough, George 
 
 Hesford, Joseph 
 
 Hctlar, Adam 
 
 Hard. James 
 
 Johnson, John 
 
 Jones, Wilham 
 
 Johnson, Charles 
 
 Jones, Ephraim 
 
 Jadscheak, John 
 
 Johnson, Jonathan 
 
 Jackson, John 
 
 Jackson, William 
 
 Jimice, Gilbert 
 
 Jacobs, John 
 
 Jobear, I''rancis 
 
 Kerr, Rol^ert 
 
 Kezer, John 
 
 Knave, John 
 
 Iventner, John 
 
 Koughnott, John 
 
 Knave, Adam 
 
 King, Patrick 
 
 Killl)Ourne, Charles 
 
 KoLighnet, Michael, 
 Fredericksburgh 
 
 Knight, Charles, ^\'il■ 
 liamsbtn-gh 
 
 Knoiight, — , Sophias- 
 burgh 
 
 Ketler, Henry 
 
 Kelly, Thomas 
 
 Kilman, — 
 
 Kyser, Michael 
 
 Karn, Jacob 
 
 Ketelmin, David 
 
 Kelly, John 
 
 Kelly, Martin 
 
 Ketelmin, Ephraim 
 
 Keith, Cornelius 
 
 Kingsheart, Elisha 
 
 Knar, John 
 
 Ketch, Cornelius 
 
 Kingsberry, Joseph 
 
 Kayne, Michael 
 
 Kilmire (alias Bvrne), 
 Philip 
 
 Lucky, Samuel 
 
 Loft, David 
 
 Lawray, John 
 
 Lansingh, P. P. 
 
 Louks, Peter 
 
 Lake, Israel 
 
 Lampman, senior, 
 Abraham 
 
 UliOIMKNT. 
 
 R.R.N.Y. 
 
 do 2nd Batt. 
 do 
 
 do do 
 L. K. 
 R.R.N.V. 
 L. R. 
 R.R.N.V. 
 L. R. 
 do 
 do 
 do 
 do 
 do 
 do 
 do 
 R.R.N.V. 
 do 
 do 
 do 
 do 
 do 
 do - 
 L. R.' 
 Sergeant 
 
 do 
 
 do 
 
 R.R.R.Y. 
 84th 
 
 R.R.N.V. 
 do 
 do 
 do 
 84th 
 L.R.. 
 do 
 do 
 do 
 do 
 do 
 do 
 R.R.N.y. 
 do 
 
 Sergt. 
 
 do 
 do 
 do 
 do 
 do 
 R. 
 
 Lieut. 
 
 do 
 
 NAMES. 
 
 Lampman, junior, 
 
 Abraham 
 Leatch, William 
 Lent, Elias 
 Liddle, Andrew 
 Losee, Pompo 
 Lucas, Daniel 
 Lummis, Ezekiel 
 Langan, Patrick 
 Lipscombe, Patrick 
 Lepaye (dit .^Vmont), 
 
 J. B. 
 Lawe, George 
 Lemoine, Henry 
 Link or Lynk, Benj. 
 Livingston, Benj. 
 
 Lessley, John 
 Tyockwood, James 
 Lockwood, Peter 
 Lewis, John 
 Lubdel, James 
 Lawyer, John 
 Loveless, Thomas 
 Lampbear, William 
 Lampbear, Sanniel 
 Light, Benjamin 
 Loughy, William 
 Lowson, Joseph 
 Ijcib, John 
 Logan, David 
 Lean, John 
 Lighthcart, John 
 Lester, senior, Thus. 
 Leonard, Ealdoff 
 Lebarge, Jean 
 Morden, Daniel 
 Mott, Jo.seph 
 March, Thomas 
 Marcellius, .Sevories 
 Mitchell, Winard 
 Mann, Isaac 
 .Mann, John 
 Murphy, John 
 March, Josiah 
 -Vlargan or Morgan, 
 
 Wm., Osnabruck 
 Mitchell, John, Wil- 
 
 liamsburgh 
 Miller, John 
 Murray,- Patrick 
 Mills, Cornelius 
 Massey, James 
 Martial, John 
 Mechison, John 
 Mornson, Angus 
 
 RUGIMK.NT. 
 L, R. 
 
 do 
 
 do 
 
 do 
 
 do 
 
 do 
 
 do 
 R.R.N.V.,Lieu 
 do Captain 
 84th 
 
 84th, Cajjt. 
 841 h, I^nsign 
 R.R.N.Y. 
 
 do Officer 
 2nd Batt. 
 R.R.N.Y. 
 do 
 do 
 do 
 do 
 do 
 L. R. 
 do 
 do 
 do 
 dft 
 do 
 do 
 do ' 
 do 
 do 
 do 
 do 
 do 
 R.R.N.Y; 
 
 do 
 84th 
 
 R.R.N.Y. 
 do . 
 do Lieut, 
 do I'^nsign 
 
 do 
 Sergt. 53rd Reg. 
 
 Drum .Major 
 
 84th 
 R.R.N.N-. 
 
 do 
 
 do 
 
 do 
 
 do 
 
 do 
 
Old Eastern DistHct. 
 
 399 
 
 Marsellis, Garrelt 
 Mann, William 
 Mann, Edward 
 Mitchell, Hugh 
 Mantle, J. Baptiste 
 Miller, David 
 Munro, Cornelius 
 Mosier, John 
 Miles, Thomas 
 Mullen, John 
 Murray, George 
 Mindoe, John 
 Mills, Cornelius 
 Mallory, Elisha 
 Matlory, Jeremiah 
 Mann, Thomas 
 Miller, Ralph 
 Maynard, Henry 
 Moore, Jasper 
 Micfiel, David 
 Mead, Jahies 
 Mock, John 
 Mitchell, David 
 Mott, Henry 
 Maxwell, William 
 Millar, John 
 Mosier, Christopher 
 Motifet, William 
 Mitchel, John 
 Mukle, Richard 
 Murchison, Murdo 
 Motl, Joseoh 
 Mathews, Pompey 
 Moot, William 
 M)ers, (iodfrey 
 Marchand, Francis 
 McDonell, James 
 McCarthy, l«rancis 
 McKay, William 
 McKenzie, Alc.\. 
 McKenzie, Ak-v. 
 McLean, Hector 
 McCarthy, Edward 
 McPherson, Daniel 
 McDonell, Patrick 
 AfcGowan, Stephen 
 McMahon, John 
 McCarthy, Duncan, 
 Charlottenburgh 
 McCahey, John, 
 
 Williamsburgh 
 McClure, John, 
 
 Williamsburgh 
 McLean, Neal 
 McArty, John 
 McKain, Samuel 
 
 REGIJTEN'T. 
 
 NAMES. 
 
 REGIMEN r. 
 
 R.R.N. V. 
 
 McKercher, — 
 
 R.R.N.V. 
 
 do 
 
 McClougady, James 
 
 do 
 
 do 
 
 McCue, fames 
 
 do 
 
 do 
 
 McMullen, Michael, 
 
 do , 
 
 do 
 
 Johnstown 
 
 
 do 
 do. 
 
 McKinty, Francis 
 
 do Serg't- 
 Maior 
 
 do 
 
 McLawren, Evan 
 
 R. R N. \. 
 
 do 
 
 McCarter, Donald 
 
 do 
 
 do 
 
 McDonell, Evan 
 
 ilo 
 
 do 
 
 McDougall, I'eter 
 
 do 
 
 do 
 
 McCarty, Caleb 
 
 do Corii'I 
 
 L. R. 
 
 McVicar, Dougal 
 
 do 
 
 do Drum'r 
 
 McKellup, Alc\.' 
 
 do 
 
 do 
 
 McCormiss, William 
 
 do 
 
 do Ensign 
 
 .McMurdy, James 
 
 do 
 
 do 
 
 McCartney, James 
 
 84th 
 
 do 
 
 McGregor, Duncan 
 
 L. R. Sergeant 
 
 do 
 
 McKenzie, John 
 
 do Drummer 
 
 do 
 
 McKenzie, Thomas 
 
 do do 
 
 do 
 
 McNeil, Alexander 
 
 do 
 
 do 
 
 McSheehy, Eugene 
 
 do 
 
 ■ do 
 
 McNeil, James 
 
 do 
 
 do 
 
 McGillivrajt, Daniel 
 
 do 
 
 do 
 
 McKenzie, Alex. 
 
 do 
 
 do 
 
 McMullen, John 
 
 . do 
 
 do 
 
 - McDonald, Michael 
 
 do 
 
 do 
 
 McKenzie, John 
 
 do 
 
 do 
 
 McDonell, Randy 
 
 R.R.N.^■. 
 
 R.R.N.V. 
 
 McDonell, Colqulran 
 
 84th 
 
 do 
 
 .McCew, Patrick 
 
 84th 
 
 do 
 
 McKenzie, Roderick, 
 
 Joined in 1777 
 
 do 
 
 22 in 12, Lancaster 
 
 
 84th 
 
 Nicholson, AN'illiam, 
 
 R.R.N.V., Serg't 
 
 R.i^.N.V 
 
 Kredericksburgh 
 
 
 84th 
 
 Nail, Frederick 
 
 do 
 
 do Ensign 
 
 Newton, John 
 
 do 
 
 R.R.N.V. Ens'n 
 
 Newton, Thomas 
 
 do 
 
 do 
 
 Nicholas^, James 
 
 do 
 
 do 
 
 Nanaraaker, Jacob 
 
 do 
 
 do Ensign 
 
 Northrop, Elilni 
 
 L. R., Scrij'l. 
 
 84th, Lieut. 
 
 Northrop, Azer 
 
 do 
 
 do do 
 
 Nelson, Caleb 
 
 do 
 
 do 
 
 Nicholas, John 
 
 do 
 
 R.R.N.V. 
 
 Nix, John 
 
 do 
 
 do 
 
 O^Nell, John 
 
 do Lieut. 
 
 do 
 
 O'Hara, Kean 
 
 R.R.N.V. 
 
 do Corp'l 
 
 O'Bryan, Timothy 
 
 do 
 
 
 Orchard, Donald 
 
 do ' 
 
 do do 
 
 O'Bryan, John 
 
 do 
 
 
 Orchard, William 
 
 do 
 
 do do 
 
 (batman, Henry 
 
 do 
 
 
 Osburn, Nathaniel 
 
 L.-R. 
 
 84th, Lieut. 
 
 Okes, John 
 
 do 
 
 R.R.N.V. 
 
 Ostrander, Evert 
 
 do 
 
 do 
 
 Ostrander, Abraham 
 
 do 
 
400 
 
 Lunenhurgh, or the 
 
 NAMES. 
 
 REGIMENT. 
 
 NAMES. 
 
 REGIMENT. 
 
 O'Kief, Cornelius 
 
 L. R. 
 
 Rawlins, Grant 
 
 R.R.N.Y., Serg't 
 
 Orr, Thomas 
 
 S4th 
 
 Reid, A^lexander 
 
 do 
 
 Parker, John 
 
 R.R.N.V. 
 
 Robinson James 
 
 do 
 
 Pratt, John 
 
 do Corp'l 
 
 Rowstown, George 
 
 do 
 
 Osnabruck 
 
 
 Ruport, Peter 
 
 do 
 
 Patterson, Elias 
 
 do Drum'r 
 
 ■ Row, Alexander 
 
 do 
 
 Punter, George 
 
 do 
 
 Row, James 
 
 do 
 
 Potter, William 
 
 do 
 
 Rouse, George 
 
 L. R. , Sergeant 
 
 I'rosser. Richard 
 
 do 
 
 Robertson-, Duncan 
 
 do do 
 
 Paddock, John 
 
 do 
 
 Richardson, Ttmothy 
 
 do 
 
 Prime, Cato 
 
 do 
 
 Refenbiirg, Abraham 
 
 do 
 
 Pinnecais, Joseph 
 
 do Drum'r 
 
 Radiker, Ilenrv 
 
 do 
 
 Plantz, John 
 
 do 
 
 Russel, Elisha 
 
 do 
 
 Perch, Robert 
 
 do 
 
 Robins, William 
 
 R.R.N.V. 
 
 Palmer, John 
 
 do Serg't 
 
 Smith, Joseph 
 
 L.R., Serijt. 
 
 Perch, Nathaniel 
 
 do 
 
 Shwarts, Frederick 
 
 R.R.N.Y. 
 
 Prime, Francis 
 
 do 
 
 Sutton, Isaac 
 
 do 
 
 Putman, Francis 
 
 do 
 
 Smith, John 
 
 84th, and at the 
 
 Price, Jacob 
 
 do 
 
 
 taking of Quebec 
 
 Plant, John 
 
 do Corp'l 
 
 .Smith, I. or J. 
 
 84th 
 
 Parker, William 
 
 L R. 
 
 Small, George 
 
 R.R.N.Y., Corp'l 
 
 Preston, William 
 
 do 
 
 Sutherland, David 
 
 Lieutenant 
 
 Plinter, Christopher 
 
 do , 
 
 Swartfager, John 
 
 R.R.N.Y. 
 
 Persons, Chalwell 
 
 do 
 
 Scout, John 
 
 L. R.' 
 
 Proctor, Ephraim , 
 
 do 
 
 Swope, Stephen 
 
 do 
 
 Plass, Peter 
 
 do 
 
 Sangerhanson, Geo. 
 
 do 
 
 Pest, John 
 
 do 
 
 .Schnyder, Peter 
 
 do 
 
 Poor, Augustus 
 
 do 
 
 Schnyder, Zachariah 
 
 do 
 
 Parthlow, John 
 
 do 
 
 Spratley, Thomas 
 
 R.R.N.Y. 
 
 Portague, Baptiste 
 
 do 
 
 Spencer, Barnard 
 
 do Sergt. 
 
 Peters, Andrew 
 
 do 
 
 Serey, Richard 
 
 do 
 
 Pettit, Dunham 
 
 do 
 
 Shyers, Jacob 
 
 do 
 
 Phelps, Jonathan 
 
 do 
 
 Sutton, Samuel 
 
 do 
 
 Prosser, Richard 
 
 R.R.N.Y. 
 
 Smith, Hugh 
 
 do 
 
 Phillips, John 
 
 do 
 
 .Showls, John G. 
 
 do 
 
 Quig, Patrick 
 
 84tli 
 
 .Shaver, George 
 
 do 
 
 Ronoir, John 
 
 do 
 
 Shaver, George 
 
 do 
 
 Ruff, James 
 
 do 
 
 Shaver, (ieorge 
 
 do 
 
 Robertson, David 
 
 Sergeant 
 
 Smith, William 
 
 do 
 
 Cornwall and 
 
 
 Sheveritt, John 
 
 do 
 
 Rox borough 
 
 
 Seymour, Henry 
 
 do 
 
 Reuter, John 
 
 L. R. orR.R., 
 
 .Spratly, Thomas 
 
 do 
 
 
 Lieut. 
 
 Syphert, Joseph 
 
 do 
 
 Reynolds, Samuel 
 
 R.R.N.Y. 
 
 Shades, Adam 
 
 do 
 
 Ross, Charles 
 
 L. R., Sergeant 
 
 Sullivan, Dennis 
 
 do 
 
 Roach, John , 
 
 do 
 
 Schamerhorn, Peter 
 
 do 
 
 Ruport, Francis 
 
 R.R.N.Y. 
 
 Siver, Henry 
 
 do 
 
 Rupott, John 
 
 ' do 
 
 Storieberg, .Stephen 
 
 do 
 
 Rose, James 
 
 do 
 
 Shaver, Maurius 
 
 do 
 
 Roach, James 
 
 do 
 
 Sullivan, Cornelius 
 
 do 
 
 Reynoll, Wm. 
 
 L. R. 
 
 Stats, Casper 
 
 do 
 
 Rose, Wm. 
 
 R.R.N.Y. 
 
 Solomon, Jeremiah ' 
 
 do 
 
 Riley, David 
 
 do Serg' 
 
 t Simson, Robert 
 
 L. R. , Scrceant 
 
 Robinson, Roliert 
 
 do 
 
 Shirts, John 
 
 do 
 
 Rose, Finlay 
 
 do 
 
 Smyth, George 
 
 do Surgeon 
 
 Rice, Frederick 
 
 do 
 
 Summerville, John 
 
 do Sergeant 
 
Old Eastern District. 
 
 401 
 
 NAMES. 
 
 REGIMENT. 
 
 NAMES. 
 
 regiment; 
 
 Skinkle, Henry 
 
 L. R. 
 
 Trip, Robert 
 
 L. R. 
 
 Simmon, Balsler 
 
 do 
 
 Threlie, Laurence 
 
 do 
 
 See, Tames 
 
 do 
 
 Tuchout, James 
 
 do 
 
 See, John 
 
 do 
 
 Tinkney, Abraham 
 
 do 
 
 Sole, Timothy 
 
 do 
 
 Twifle, John 
 
 do 
 
 Sharor, Thomas 
 
 do 
 
 Ulman, Henry 
 
 R.R.N.V. 
 
 Still, John 
 
 do 
 
 Utler, Isaac 
 
 L. R. 
 
 Stafford, Joseph 
 
 do 
 
 Vanderheyden, David 
 
 R.R.N.V.,2Batt 
 
 Sastera, Josepn 
 
 do 
 
 Valentine, John 
 
 do Adiu't 
 
 Stone, James 
 
 do ' 
 
 \'an Camp, — 
 
 do 
 
 Stever, Peter 
 
 do 
 
 Van Camp, fames 
 
 do 
 
 Scott, David 
 
 do 
 
 Van Scott, John 
 
 do 
 
 Slater, William 
 
 do 
 
 Valentine, fames 
 
 do 
 
 .Scott, jimipr, David 
 
 do 
 
 Vrooman, Thomas 
 
 do 
 
 Scott,, Neil 
 
 do 
 
 Veeder, Lucas 
 
 do 
 
 Stenson, Elnathan 
 
 do 
 
 Vernon, Michael 
 
 do 
 
 Scott, Daniel 
 
 do 
 
 Vansnell, John 
 
 do 
 
 Stone, Simon 
 
 do 
 
 Van Salsbury, Cornelius do 
 
 Sampson, Aaron 
 
 do 
 
 Van Colz, John 
 
 do 
 
 Sampson, Theophilus 
 
 do 
 
 Voss,, Christopher 
 
 L. R. 
 
 Sewseth, Henry 
 
 do 
 
 Van Vost, John 
 
 do 
 
 Sulfrage, John 
 
 do 
 
 Valentine, Isaac 
 
 do 
 
 Sutherland, James 
 
 do 
 
 Velie, Andrew (i. 
 
 do 
 
 Sharp, Philip 
 
 do 
 
 Van Camp, Jacob 
 
 do 
 
 Scott, Abraham 
 
 do 
 
 Valentine, Ciabriel ; 
 
 do 
 
 Saffara, Joseph 
 
 do 
 
 Van Camp, Tunis 
 
 do 
 
 Simmons, Jonas 
 
 do 
 
 Valentine, (Quere? Jas. 
 
 Ensign R. 
 
 Snurr, Peter 
 
 do 
 
 Ensign, R.R.NV.) 
 
 
 Sherer, Thomas, 
 
 do 
 
 Van Snell, Frederick 
 
 R.p.N.Y. 
 
 Sanders, junior, Wm. 
 
 do 
 
 Wade, Elijah 
 
 do 
 
 Sailmon, John 
 
 do 
 
 Williamsburg 
 
 
 Scherbert, Augustus 
 
 "do 
 
 Winter, Joseph 
 
 84th 
 
 Shoughnessy, William 
 
 do 
 
 Winter, Butler 
 
 do 
 
 Henry 
 
 
 Winter, Jacob 
 
 R.R.N.V. 
 
 Shaffer, Jacob 
 
 R.R.N.Y. 
 
 Waldradt, Jacob 
 
 L. R. 
 
 .Schrider, Simon 
 
 do 
 
 Weatherwat, Wm. 
 
 do 
 
 Swarts, Michael 
 
 do 
 
 Wickie, John 
 
 do 
 
 Steel, John 
 
 84th 
 
 White Jessee 
 
 do 
 
 Shafford, Connet 
 
 R.R.N.Y. 
 
 Walter, Martiii 
 
 R.R.N.Y. 
 
 Taylor, Peter 
 
 do 
 
 Wesseck, George 
 
 do 
 
 Thomas, James 
 
 do 
 
 Weaver, Nicholas 
 
 do 
 
 Tipperaine, Christoph' 
 
 r do 
 
 Worth, George 
 
 do 
 
 Trapp, Richard 
 
 do Drum'r 
 
 Wall, James 
 
 do 
 
 Trum'bell, Robert 
 
 do 
 
 Wearly, Peter 
 
 do 
 
 Tolbach, Bolsor 
 
 do 
 
 Wonnwood, William 
 
 cfo 
 
 Thompson, Thomas 
 
 do 
 
 Wade, Abijah 
 
 do 
 
 Turner, Richard 
 
 I.. R. 
 
 Ward, John 
 
 L. R., Sergeant 
 
 ThomiDson, Matthew 
 
 do Adjutant 
 
 Whitn7an, Maxwell 
 
 do 
 
 Tale, Simon 
 
 do 
 
 Ward, Abel 
 
 do 
 
 Tuttle, John 
 
 do 
 
 Wainwright, — 
 
 do 
 
 Tuttle, William 
 
 do 
 
 Whitman, Robert 
 
 do 
 
 Tuttle, Stephen 
 
 do 
 
 Wray, Roswell 
 
 do 
 
 Tramble, Asahel 
 
 do 
 
 White, William 
 
 do 
 
 Tuttle, Joseph 
 
 L. R. 
 
 Williston, William 
 
 do 
 
 Truman, Peter 
 
 do 
 
 Williston, Wm., jun. 
 
 do 
 
 Talhammer, David 
 
 do 
 
 Watson, Aaron 
 
 do 
 
402 Lunenburgh, or the 
 
 NAMES. 
 
 RF.(;1MF.NT. 
 
 NAMES. 
 
 REGIMENT. 
 
 Webster, Milo 
 
 L. R. 
 
 (Williams, Richard 
 
 L. R. 
 
 Weymore, George 
 
 do 
 
 Wearing, Frederick 
 
 do 
 
 White, Samuel 
 
 do 
 
 Woolf, Ludowick 
 
 do ' 
 
 Warwick, James* 
 
 do 
 
 Waggener, Hermanus 
 
 R.R.N.V. 
 
 Webb, George 
 
 do 
 
 Waldroff, IVTartin 
 
 do 
 
 Wyatt, John 
 
 do 
 
 Weaver, Christy 
 
 do 
 
 The lists from which numbers 2 and 3 are copied, do not (except in n very fev 
 cases), give the names of the places where the persons mentioned settled. I havi 
 therefore given the names of all who are staled to have served in the K. R.R.N.V 
 the 84lh, and the L.R. 
 
Old Eastern District. 
 
 403 
 
 APPENDIX D. 
 
 Names of Owners of Lots given in McNiff's Map, 
 Dated ist November, 1786. 
 
 " Lake Townshii'," miw cai.lkd Lancaviku. 
 
 IST CONCESSION. 
 
 Lot: 
 
 4, 
 
 s. 
 
 6, 
 7, 
 8, 
 9- 
 10, 
 
 ii> 
 12, 
 13, 
 14. 
 15, 
 16, 
 
 17, 
 i8, 
 
 19. 
 20, 
 
 5 I, 2, 3, Heirs of Capt. Morrison 21, 
 
 Lieut. D. McFall 22, 
 
 Peter Mcintosh 23, 
 
 Joseph Sutherland 24, 
 
 Alex. .Sutherland 25, 
 Alex. Sutherland, Thos. Sutherland 26, 
 
 Lieut. W. Sutherland 27, 
 
 do do " 28, 
 
 Mary .Sutherland, Anne .Sutherland 29, 
 
 \^'idow Campbell 30, 
 
 George .Sutherland 31, 
 
 Lieut. ^^ . Sutherland 32, 
 
 -Mary Morrison, Jane Morrison 33, 
 
 Thomas Busby 34, 
 
 Nathaniel Hillyear 35, 
 
 do do 
 
 John Grant 36, 
 
 John Dunn 37, 
 
 James Dare 
 
 Thomas Ciraham 
 
 Lieut. ^\'. .Sutherland 
 
 William Blond 
 
 .Ale.x. Cameron 
 
 Donald Ross 
 
 Alex, and Wm. Grant 
 
 Thomas I. Ross 
 
 Thomas M. Ross 
 
 Jane Dickson, John Cajneron 
 
 Robert Dickson and family 
 
 William Noble, David (iumi 
 
 John McDougall 
 
 Duncan Murcheson 
 
 Ralph Falkner and Ral]5h Falkner, 
 
 junior 
 William Falkner 
 
 do do 
 
 2ND CONCES.MON. 
 
 Lots' I, 2, 3, Heirs of Capt. Morri.son 
 4, Lieut. McFall 
 6, .Vrch. McBane 
 
 8, James Currie 
 
 9, Lieut. .Sutherland, John Curry 
 
 10, Cato Prime (a negro), John Wm. 
 
 Flyn 
 
 11, Ben. Baker 
 
 12, Donel McDonel * 
 
 13, John Lemon 
 
 14, James Fonda (a negro) 
 
 15, Widow Blakely ' 
 
 16, Jack Powell (a negro) 
 
 17, Richard Fountain 
 
 18, John .Scarrot 
 
 19, John Gr.ant 
 
 20, John Dunn 
 
 21, Jas. Hare, Jos. Goff (a negro) 
 
 * This is the spelling in the map. 
 
 22, Jacob Snyder 
 
 23, Jacob .Snyder's family, Wm. Tho- 
 
 mas (a negro) 
 
 24, Wm. Blond's family, Jerry Snyder 
 
 25, Augustus Seely 
 
 26, John Castles 
 
 27, A. and ^^'. (Jrant, Londonderry (a 
 
 negro) 
 
 28, Luke Bowman 
 
 29, Mar)- Edge 
 
 30, .Sambo (a negro) 
 
 31, R. Dickson's family 
 
 32, Wm. Noble, David (Junn 
 
 34, John Wrjght 
 
 35. 
 
 36, William talkner 
 
 37, do do 
 
404 
 
 Lmienburgh, or the 
 
 Township No. i, now Ciiaki.otiumiurgh. 
 
 1ST CONCESSION, I'-RONTIXi; ON THE LAKE. 
 
 C rt -^ 
 -: V. rt 
 
 re's, o" 
 
 O P fT) 
 
 Capt: Angus McUonell 
 1'. Delancey 
 D. McNaughton 
 D. McArthur 
 Alexander Chisliolm 
 Alexander Ferguson 
 R. McDonnel 
 .\. McPherson 
 Lots I, 2, 3, 4, and the tract' between 
 the east line of No. i, and the 
 west of X. McPherson's lot — .Sir 
 John Johnson, Knight and Bart. 
 5 and part 6, Wm. Byrne, Captain 
 I'art 6 and 7, Lieut. Wui. Coffin 
 
 8, Adam .Summers, Wm. Rose 
 
 9, Alex. McLaughlan, .Vlex. McDonell 
 10, Peter Grant, Kenneth McDonell 
 
 11, John Fiaser, Daniel Molntyre 
 
 12, Alex. McDonell, Alex. McDonell 
 
 13, Sergt. \\'m. McLeo d 
 
 14, Lieut. Hugh McDonell 
 
 15, John McDonell, John McGregor 
 
 Corporal 
 
 16, Daniel Whealon, John CaldwelL_ 
 
 17, John, Cameron, Allen Grant 
 
 18, Sergt. McLean, Donl. McLean 
 
 19, Capt. J. McKenzie, John McKay 
 
 20, Sergt. Clark, Sergt. J. Mclntire 
 
 21, R. Wilkinson 
 
 22, Finlay Ross, John ^furchison 
 
 23, Wm. Dickie. Lieut. R. McDonell 
 
 24, Sergt. D. McCarty, Sergt. Gordor 
 
 25, Capt. Alex. McDonell 
 
 26, do do 
 
 2ND CONCESSION FROM LAKE, FROM WEST nOUNlJARY EASTWARD. 
 
 Lots 25, 26, Capt. Alex. McDonell 
 24, Joseph Husford, Martin Staley 
 23, Chas. Calaghan, Wm. Robins 
 •22, E. Patterson, Dan'I Bourk 
 
 Michael Miller 
 
 — McDonell, R. Wilkinson 
 19, R. Wilkinson 
 18, do 
 
 17. do Allen McDonell 
 
 16, Christopher Brinkman, Allen Mc- 
 Donell 
 
 21. 
 
 20, 
 
 15, Daniel Grant, John McGregor, 
 
 Corporal 
 14, Lieut. Hugh McDonell 
 13, Lieut. Hugh McDonell, .ScrgeanI 
 AVm. McLeod 
 Alexi McDonell, Alex. McDonell 
 E. ^ , Richard Trap 
 E. j4, John Cameron 
 
 12, 
 
 II, 
 10, 
 
 9> 
 8, W. 
 
 Arch'd Scott 
 
 IN THE GORE, NORTH OF THE 2ND CONCESSION FROM LAKE. 
 
 Lots 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, Thomas Den- 
 nis, Esq. 
 
 II, 12, 13, 14, Pat. McNiff and family 
 6> 7, 8, 9, 10, John Grant. 
 
 The lots south of the River Raisin and north of Sir John Johnson's land, goinp 
 from east to west are marked respectively : 
 S. McKane Donald Mcintosh. 
 
 Francis Clarke 
 James Dingwall 
 John Baker 
 John McMarton* 
 Hugh McGruer 
 Peter Fumey 
 Patrick Burk 
 Thomas Spratley 
 
 No. I 
 
 /Donald McDonell 
 \Serg't McPherson 
 f Serg't McGillis 
 \ Donald McDonell 
 
 ,1 fDonald McGillis, junior 
 
 ^ \Donald McGillis 
 ,1 fjohn McKenzie 
 
 \ Duncan McKenzie 
 
 CONCESSION SOUTH OF SOUTH BRANCH OF THE RIVER AUX RAISIN. 
 
 6, Andrew Millross 
 
 7, Allen McDonell, .Sergeant J. Hay 
 
 8, Rodk. McDonell, Don. McDonell 
 
 9, Donald McDonell, John McDonell 
 
 10, Jonas Wood, John Wood 
 
 1 1 , Chas. Rose, Alex. Kennedy 
 
 12, John McDonell, Duncan McDonell 
 
 13, John Kane, Serg't Wm- McLeoci 
 
 ' McNiif 's spelling of names is arbitrary and phonetic. 
 
Old Eastfrn District. 
 
 405 
 
 I4> John McDonell, Alex. McUonell 
 
 15, George Barnhart, John Beach 
 
 16, 17, Olebe 
 
 18, Peter Carpenter, A ndrew Allen 
 
 19, PhineaS^Atherton, Capt., Patrick 
 
 Fitzpatrick 
 
 20, Serg't John Hay, John ^rcDondl 
 
 21, Serg'l D. McGillis, Serg't Murdock 
 
 McLean 
 
 22, Philip Ross, Willow Ross 
 
 23, Wni. Cameron, John McLeland 
 
 24, Don. Malcolm, Don. McKercher 
 
 25, 26, Mr. John Grant 
 
 I.ST ((l.XCKSSION SOUTH OF THE RIVER AUX RAISI.X. 
 
 10, 
 II, 
 
 12, 
 
 13. 
 14. 
 
 15, 
 
 4. 5, Sir John Johnson 
 Angus Baker, James Smith 
 John McjSuier , Daniel Campbell 
 Widow Grant7 W. Crowder 
 John Barnhart, Nicholas Barnhart 
 Duncan Mclntire, lohn Crowder 
 John Larraway, P. Byrne, James 
 
 Roach. 
 Peter Grant, John Grant 
 R. McDonell, Thos. Munro 
 Danl. Campbell, junior; Alex. Mc- 
 
 G ruer 
 Corpl. McGruer, John Mclntire, sr. 
 
 16, 
 
 17, 
 18, 
 
 21, 
 22, 
 23, 
 24, 
 
 25. 
 
 26, 
 
 Chas. Atkinson, Thomas Cooper 
 Peter Rupert, Francis Ruport 
 PhiUp Gray, Peter Grant 
 John Loney, W'm. McKay 
 Anthony Crouder, William Crou- 
 
 der, junior 
 John Ross, Donl. McKay 
 John Munro, Wni. Urkert 
 John Camer on. John McMartin 
 Duncan Grant, Angus Grant 
 John McMartin, by purchase; Pat- 
 rick O'Hale 
 Donl. McDonell 
 
 2X1) (.ONCESSIOX SOUTH OK THE RIVER AUX RAISINS. 
 
 11, Shadrick Ball, Jacob Ball 
 
 12, John Ba'lIT^mos Martin 
 
 13, Lewis TTrant, Donl. Grant 
 
 14, Archd. Grant, John McDonald 
 
 15, Jacob Lautwine, Jacob Merkley 
 
 16, Allen Chidiolm, Donl. Grant 
 
 17, Heirs oT Kenneth AIcKenzie, John 
 
 Grant 
 
 18, Lewis Grant, Duncan Grant 
 
 19, Donl. McDonell, Rodk. McDonell 
 
 20, Widow Sutherland, Dn. tirant 
 
 21, Malcolm McDonell, Widow Mc- 
 
 Bane 
 
 22, Donl. McLean, Donl. Prentiss 
 
 23, Wm. \\'ood, John Muney 
 
 24, Jonas Wood, Rd. McDonell, Corpl. 
 
 25, John Burton 
 
 26, John Cashen, James Lowe 
 
 1ST COXCESSrON NORTH OF THE RI\'ER AUX RAISIXS. 
 
 27. 
 28, 
 29> 
 
 30, 
 
 3'. 
 33> 
 34, 
 35. 
 36, 
 37, 
 38, 
 
 39, 
 40, 
 
 41, 
 42, 
 
 43. 
 
 42, 
 44, 
 45, 
 
 John Grant 
 
 John Bryan, Hugh Mc Greg or 
 
 John Haggard, Donl. JiTcBane 
 
 Robert Smith and son 
 
 32, James Milloy and famiiy 
 
 Alex. Ross, Sergt. Dn. Murchison 
 
 Dd. McArthur and two sons 
 
 Dl. Robertson, Angus McDonell 
 
 Widow of Allen McDonell 
 
 Peter Smith, Eljenr. Ears 
 
 Duncan ^Iclntyre, Sergt. McPher- 
 
 son 
 Peter Smith, junior 
 .Sergt. Alex. Grant 
 Sergt. John Mclntire 
 Malcolm McMartin, Danl. Camp- 
 bell, Corpl. 
 John McCaffrey, Angus Cameron 
 
 2XD CONCESSION XORJ'H HI- 
 
 Lewis Bright, Donl. McDonell, Corpl. 
 John Cameron, Donald McKay 
 William Howard 
 
 44, Kenneth Murchison, John Murchi- 
 
 son and family 
 
 45, Alex. McDonell, Hugh ^fcDonell 
 
 46, Donl. Cuthbert, Sergt. De Gray, 
 
 John Dingwall 
 
 47, 48, 49, .Sir John Johnson 
 
 50, Peter Ferguson, Archd. Grant 
 
 51, Alex. Cameron, Hugh McDonell 
 
 52, Nicholas Weaver, (George Kintner 
 
 53, Donl. Ross, Angus McKay 
 
 54, Hugh McKay, John McKay 
 
 55, John McDonell, Alex. McDonell 
 
 56, Hugh Chisholm, Hugh Cameron 
 
 57, John Mustard, Thos. Dodge 
 
 58, Murd'hMcPherson, Donl. Chisholm 
 
 59, Allen Chisholm, Widow Living- 
 
 stone 
 
 60, William Chisholm 
 
 THE RI\ER .\UX RAISIXS. 
 
 46, Sergt. Clarke, Duncan Chisholm 
 
 50, Da,vid Flynn 
 
 52, Heirs of Lieut. MrKenzie AD 
 
4o6 
 
 Ltmenbufgh, or the 
 
 Township No. 2, now Cornwai.i.. 
 
 1ST CONCESSION. 
 
 D. C. B., E.}^, Mnjor James Gray 
 W. >^ B. A., Lieut. J. F. Holland 
 I, 2, Capt. Samuel Anderson 
 3, Wm. Carr, David McCoon ' 
 
 4, Peter Enipey, Henry Hawn 
 
 5, Christopher Impey, Jacob Impe] 
 
 6, Phil. Impey, Will. Impey 
 
 '1(3\\N PLOT. 
 
 12, Patrick McNiff 
 
 13, Revd. Mr. Stuart 
 
 14, Sergt. John Smith 
 
 15, William McLaughlin, Michael (ial- 
 
 linger 
 1 5, George Johnson, James Johnson 
 17, E. ^, Sergt. Prescott 
 17, W- Yz 18, Lieut. Jos. Anderson 
 
 19, Henry Runnions, Geo. Barnhart 
 
 20, Geo. Barnhart, Richd. Prosser 
 
 21, Ashe] Wright, David Robertson 
 
 22, John Mattjce, Capt. French 
 
 23, E. yi li,, Ensign Anderson 
 
 W. Yz 24, Sergt. Moss 
 
 25, John McNairn, John Nave 
 
 26, Abraham Marsh 
 
 27, E. hf. 28, Lieut. \\'illiam Claws 
 W. hf. 28, Sergt. John Annable 
 
 29, Andw. Millross, Stephen Brown 
 
 30, James Forsyth, Jacob Summers 
 E. hf. 31, Sergt. Spencer 
 
 W. hf. 31, 32, Ensign Connolly 
 33, 34, Sir John Johnson, Knight a 
 Baronet 
 
 35, Elisha Anderson, Matt. Snetsinj 
 
 36, 37, Capt. Dally (Daly) 
 
 2ND CONCESSION. 
 
 D. C. E. hf B. , Major James Gray 
 W. hf. B. A., Lieut. J. F. Holland 
 I, 2. Capt. Samuel Anderson 
 
 3, Wm. Carr's family, Jerry VanDusen 
 
 4, Wm. Tusler, Andrew Tusler 
 
 5, Geo. Craj^fcrd, Robt. Robertson 
 
 6, Wm. Ferguson, heirs of D. Robert- 
 
 son, Solon Peck 
 
 7, J. Delabough, Herman Hawn 
 
 8, Henry Gallinger, George Craits 
 
 9, Frederick Bouck, Werner Cast 
 
 man " 
 
 10, John Foucks, Chris, (jallinger 
 
 1 1 , Herman and Joseph Cryderman 
 
 12, James Lynch, Wm. Palter 
 
 SRD CONCESSION. 
 
 D. C. B. E. hf.. Major James Gray 
 W. hf. B. A., Colon Hamilton, Henry 
 .Sayer 
 I, 2, Capt. Samuel Anderson 
 
 3, John Waite, Hugh Cameron 
 
 4, John McKay, Phil. Impey, senior 
 
 5, fames McCloughedy, Samuel An- 
 
 derson 
 
 6, John Dewit, Garret Dewit ■ 
 
 7, Nicholas Silmser, George Waite 
 
 8, John Hawn, Jacob Waggoner 
 
 9, Widow Austen, Adam Wenzell 
 10, John Quinn, Michael Quinn 
 
 4TH CONCESSION, ON 
 
 D. C. B. E. hf , Heirs of Kenneth Mc- 
 
 Kenzie 
 W. hf. B., John Mclntire, Sergt. 
 A., Thomas Swan, Joseph Burton 
 
 1 , Louis Weddows, Jas. Butterworth 
 
 2, John Christie, Paul Drew 
 
 3, Wm. Gumming, Christy and John 
 
 Cameron » 
 
 4, Alex. Cameron, Danl. McLeod 
 
 11, George Painter, Bernard Hart 
 
 12, WidowCryderman, JacobHawn, 
 
 13, Matt. Park, Corpl. R. Park 
 
 14, Adam Johnson 
 
 15, John Hartle, Adam Hartle 
 
 16, Ralph Christie, Ralph Christie 
 E. hf 17, Sergt. Prescatt 
 
 W. hf. 17, 18, Lieut. J. Anderson 
 Pt. rear 18, Arthur Fagan 
 
 19, Daniel Campbell 
 
 20, John Cook, senior; Wm. Castelm 
 
 21 Henry Merkley , Jacob Ross 
 
 22 James Anderson, Ben. Reynolds 
 
 EASTERN BOUNDARY. 
 
 5, Heirs of D. Robertson, Isaac H 
 
 6, Alex. Cameron, John Cameron 
 
 7, Allen Cameron, Corns. Bulson 
 
 8, Andrew Tusler, Michael Cline 
 
 9, John Alguyer, Philip Earner 
 
 10, Peter Earner, Margaret Selemsei 
 
 1 1 , George Gallinger, Michael Gall 
 
 ger, junior 
 
 1 2, Jacob Alguyer, Martin Alguyer 
 
Old Eastern District. 
 
 407 
 
 13, Luke Brady, Fred. Hut 
 
 14, D. Campbell, Rob. Chambers (by 
 
 purchase) 
 
 15, John Bradshaw, Levi Baley 
 
 l5, George Johnson, James Johnson 
 
 17, John Dickson, Ben. Eastman 
 
 18, John Milroy, Wm. Ferguson 
 
 19, Efferon Putman, heirs of D. Rob- 
 
 ertson 
 
 20, Tho.s. Anderson, Geo. Anderson 
 
 21, Cyrus Anderson, John Shaver 
 
 21, Michael ^^iwice, Andrew Milross 
 
 and family 
 23, E. hf. 24, Ensign Anderson 
 W. hf. 24, Sergt. Moss 
 
 25, Myers Solomans, Matt. Lyiik 
 
 26, Joseph Stoneburner, Jacob Stone- 
 
 burner 
 
 5TH CONCESSION, OX EASTERN HOUNDARV. 
 
 D. 
 
 B. 
 I, 
 3= 
 4, 
 5. 
 6, 
 7. 
 8, 
 9> 
 
 ID, 
 II> 
 
 12, 
 Ij- 
 14, 
 IS. 
 16, 
 
 17, 
 
 C, Major Wra. Hogan 18, 
 A., P. Delany 
 
 2, Thomas Swan 19, 
 Lieut. Simons 
 
 Donl. McDonell, Donl. McGregor 20, 
 Archd. McDonell, Allen McPhee 
 
 Duncan McDonell 21, 
 
 John McDonell 22, 
 
 Mr. Allen McDonell 23, 
 
 John McDonell 24, 
 
 Alex. McDonell, John McDonell 25, 
 
 John McDonell, junior; Rani, Mc- 26, 
 
 Donell ■ 27, 
 
 Alex- McDonell, Donl. McDonell W. 
 
 P. McGuire, Donl, McGuire 29, 
 
 John Mcintosh, Angus McDonell 30, 
 
 Donl. Fraser, Wm. Eraser E. 
 
 Donl. Cameron, Wm. Cameron W. 
 
 Dn. McDonell, John McDonell H, 
 
 34, 
 
 Angus McDonell, Angus McDonell, 
 
 Capt. French 
 Ed. Perry, Duncan McDonell, Benj . 
 
 French, Albert French 
 John McDonell, Donl. McMillan, 
 
 Capt. French, Am. Marsh 
 Ebenr. Wright, Ashel Wright 
 John Hartle's family and son 
 Chris. Templer, Ml. Cook 
 Samuel Sutton, Henry Inipey 
 [oseph Brownel, Christn. .Sheek 
 Corns. Shatford, John P. Helmer 
 E. hf. 28, Lieut. W. Claws 
 hf. 28, Sergt. Annablc 
 John Plantz, John A. Helmer 
 John Finkner, John flunsinger 
 hf 31, Sergt. Spencer 
 hf 31, 32, Ensign Connolly 
 Jacob Scheets, George .Scheets 
 Adam Mattice, Michael Mattice 
 
 6th concession, on eastern liOUNDARV. 
 
 B. 
 
 3, 
 
 6, 
 
 7, 
 W. 
 
 ID, 
 
 II, 
 12, 
 
 13. 
 
 15. 
 16, 
 
 17, 
 Pt. 
 20, 
 21, 
 
 A., I, 2, Stephen Delancey 
 4, 5, Lieut. Neil Robertson and 
 
 family (1350 acres) 
 William McDonell 
 E. hf S, Ale.x. McPherson 
 hf S, 9, R. McDonell and family 
 Lieut. Neil McLean 
 Lieut. R. McDonell, the elder 
 Lieut. R. McDonell 
 14, Lieut- Neil McLean 
 
 James McGregor, Corpl. 
 18, Lieut. Miles McDonell 
 18, 19, Levi Willard 
 
 Lieut. Wm. Fraser 
 
 Alex. Bruce, John McDonell 
 
 Corpl. 
 
 23^ 
 
 24; 
 25: 
 
 26, 
 
 27: 
 
 28: 
 29, 
 30^ 
 3I: 
 
 32: 
 33: 
 
 34' 
 35' 
 36: 
 
 Branr 
 
 Kenneth McDonell, Dond. Mc- 
 Donell 
 Sergt. Prescott's family 
 Sergt. Annable's family 
 Sergt. J. Smith's family 
 Jos. Stoneburner, \\'m. 
 Adam Nave, James Forsyth 
 George Christie's family 
 John Crammer, Fred. Bouck 
 John Reddock, Alex. McDonell 
 Cornelious O'Keeff, Thomas Syce 
 Corpl. R. Park, Finnan McDonell 
 Ralph Miller, f 'reorge ^Vagline 
 Jacob Stoneburner, John Harley 
 James \^■atso^, Cornelious Smith 
 Jacob Pickle and family 
 
 7x11 concession, on eastern IIOCNDARV. 
 
 C. and pt. D., Walter Scott and family 
 B., Wm. Scott and family 
 A., John Scott and family 
 
 1, John Chisholm and family 
 
 2, 3, 4, 5,6,7,8, 9, 10, II, 12, 13, 14, 
 
 15, E. hf 16, not taken up 
 
 W. hf 16, James McGregor 
 17, 18, 19, not taken up 
 
 20, Lieut. \\'m. p"raser 
 
 21, Angus Fraser 
 
 22, Jas. McDonell, Archd. McDonell, 
 
 son of Kennetii 
 
4o8 
 
 LimenburgJi, or the 
 
 23, Capt. P. Alhertoii 
 
 24, 25, Patrick McNiff 
 
 26, P. Smith 
 
 27, 28, Cajn. P. Atlievton 
 
 29, Ashd Wright, Allen Campbell 
 
 30, Duncan Reid, Stephen Brovvnell 
 
 31, John McKay, David Robertson 
 
 8'rU CDNlESSlOX, ON EASTERN BOUNDARY. 
 
 32, Ranald McDonell. John McDonel 
 
 33, John Maxwell, John McDonell 
 
 34, Colon Hamilton, Henry Dobbins 
 
 35, John Campbell, \Vin. McLoughlii 
 
 36, AVm. Frasher, Kenneth McDonell 
 Sergt. 
 
 37, Michael Crydernian, Corpl. 
 
 6, P'artjiihar McDonell, Rorv Mc- 
 
 Donell 
 
 7, Allen McDonell, Henrietta Mc- 
 
 Donell 
 10, Angus McDonald, l^a McTaN'ish 
 
 22, Ale.\. Frasher, Finlay McDonell 
 
 23, Anna Mcintosh, Angus McDonell 
 
 24, Angus McDonell, John Kennedy 
 
 25, Donald McDonell, Ale.\. McDonel 
 
 26, Angus McDonell, Wm. McGuire 
 
 27, Colon Frasher, John McDonell 
 
 28, John Mcintosh, Allen McDonell 
 
 29, Angus McDonell 
 34, Colin Hamilton 
 
 Township No. 3, now Osnahruck. 
 
 1ST CONCES.SION. 
 
 4, 
 5> 
 6, 
 
 7. 
 
 9. 
 
 13: 
 14, 
 IS. 
 16, 
 
 ?7, 
 18, 
 
 2, Capt. Archibald McDonell 
 Evan Rice, Jacob Countryman, 
 
 Corporal 
 Chris. Servos, John Fennel 
 Coend. AVert, Andrew Wert 
 John Cadman, John Cadman, jun. 
 E. hf. 8, Dr. James Stuart, 
 hf. 8, James Crowder, (a grist mill) 
 Jacob Eamen, Joseph Eamen 
 James .Mordon, Joseph F'itchet 
 Henry Iloople, John Hoople 
 Michael Crydernian, Corp'l ; John 
 
 Pratt, Corp'l 
 Sergt. John Wm l^hilips 
 Ensign John Maun 
 
 McKenzie Morgan, Sergt. Wm. 
 
 Morgan 
 Daniel Morden, Jacob Sheets 
 John Cook, jun., Heni'y Evehouse, 
 
 Common between 18 and IQ 
 
 19, 1-1 hf. 20, Lieut. Prentiss 
 W. hf. 20, Sergt. John McKie 
 
 21, Daniel FiUe, Francis Fike 
 
 22, Henry \A'inter, John Kirne 
 
 23, John Shell, John Reddick 
 
 24, facob Denny, Michael Denny, 
 
 Corporal 
 
 25, E. hf. 26, Lieut. P. Everett 
 W. hf. 26, Sergt. J. Im]3ey 
 
 27, I'hilip Staety, Francis Putman 
 
 28, Leonard Stoneburner, Ad.am Ini- 
 
 )iey 
 
 29, Soloman Tuttle, Corp. J. Impey 
 
 30, Joseph Jlott, Coen. Devoe 
 
 31, Michael Keyser, John Keyser 
 52. ^^'m. Impey. 
 
 33, Abraham Freese, F'rancis Albrant 
 
 34, Ale\. Rose, Michael .Vult 
 
 35, Peter Loucks, Joseph Loucks 
 
 36, E. hf., John McDonell 
 
 W hf. 36, 37, Lieut. Miles McDonell 
 
 2N1) CONCESSION. 
 
 I, 2, Capt. Archd. McDonell 
 
 3, — Countryman, — (.'.ibson 
 
 4, Jesse Wright, Richard .Scrsey 
 
 5, Philip Cline, James Lynch 
 
 6, Francis Cole, Michael Whealan 
 
 7, E >i 8, Dr. James Stuart 
 Wj4 8, Sergt. Cline, 
 
 9, John Gaidner, Thos. Hatter 
 
 10, tlilbert Stuart, Ceo. Stuart. 
 
 11, John Stoneburner, Thos. Ca.stle- 
 
 man 
 
 12, James .Mordon, Rhdol. Papist 
 
 13, Sergt. Johns, .Mancie Curiy 
 
 14, Ensign John Mann 
 
 I5i 
 
 16, Sergt. Wm -Morgan's family 
 
 17, Isaac Crowder, James Crowder 
 (From the east side of Iiil No. 18, tc 
 
 to the west side of lot No. 26, 
 the river bends so much to tht 
 northward, that the rear of the 
 1st Concession runs to the front 
 of the 3rd. ) 
 
 27, fialthis Dillabough, Chris. Haines 
 
 28, Wm. Impey, sen., and f'ainily 
 
 29, Corpl I. Impey, Wm. Impey, sen. 
 
 30, Jacob Winter, Peter Winter 
 
 31, John Pressley, Richard Loucks 
 
Old Eastern District. 
 
 409 
 
 32> 
 
 33, George Murray, John. Paddock 
 
 34, Mavgaret Jeacocks 
 
 35, David Ketchum, Martin >[ed- 
 
 doiigh 
 E Yi 36, John McDonell 
 ^'- Y^ 36, 37, Lieut. Miles McDonell 
 
 3RI) fONCE.SSION. 
 
 9. 
 10, 
 II, 
 
 12, 
 i3> 
 14, 
 
 — Armstrong, John McNairn 
 
 Hugh TuUoch, Rory McLeod 
 
 Desmond Bernard 
 
 Chris. Servos 
 
 John Brownell, John Donnelly 
 
 Joseph Brownell, Widow Huff and 
 
 son 
 John Pratt, Corp'l 
 Chas. Gascaigne 
 John Servos, senior 
 Martin and John Dillabough 
 Adam f-mpey 
 John Moor, Cas])er Coones 
 Adam Cline, Philip Moak 
 
 16, John Servos, junior, Adam Rupert 
 
 17, 18, Glebe 
 Common 
 
 19, John .Stickeman 
 
 21, John Foster 
 
 22, John Mullen, Capt. I. McDonnll, 
 
 by ]3urchase 
 
 23, John McWilliani, John Da\is 
 
 24, John Hunning 
 
 26, Sergt. J. Impey 
 
 27, Lawrence Emen 
 
 28, Wn.. Malone 
 33, R. Louck's 
 
 35, Daniel Fike's family 
 Lots 15, 18, 20, 25, 29, 30, 31, 32, 
 34, 36, 37, not occupied. 
 
 T0VVNSHU> No. 4, NOW Wn.LIAMSnURGH. 
 
 1ST CONCIiSSION. 
 
 I, 2, Caut. J. McKenzie .« 
 
 3, John Mickey, John Markley 
 3, John ilarkley, Philip Crysler 
 
 5, Adam Snyder, Coen. Snyder, C. 
 
 Snyder's family 
 
 6, Geo. Weaver, Frederick Weaver 
 
 7, Sergt. J. McInto.sh, Sergt. D. 
 
 Campbell 
 8 and- E ^ 9, I^ieut. J. Farrand 
 W. Yi 9, Farcjuhar McDonell 
 
 10, Edward Gay, Peter Davis 
 
 11, Frederick Bouck, Adam Eonck 
 
 12, Loud. Acker, John Killman 
 
 13, Heirs of Abijah Wade, John P. 
 
 Chrisler 
 E. yi 14, George Wert 
 W. ^ 14, 15, Adjutant \'alentine 
 
 16, Jacob Garlowe, Peter Garlowe 
 
 17, Chris. Bouck, John Crisler 
 
 18, Gillis .NicBane, John Link 
 Common 
 
 19, Nicholas Kreemire, Jno. Barnhart. 
 
 20, Coend. Baker, John Marcelius 
 
 21, E. >3 22, Doctor Austin 
 W. hf 22, Sergt. Mandeville 
 
 23, Coend. Castleman, .Stephen Gas- 
 
 tleman 
 
 24, Adam Caslleman, Herman Cas- 
 
 tleman 
 
 25, Chris. Deperiouse, Jns. Haines. 
 20, E. hf 27, Lieut. McMartin 
 W. hf. 27, Sergt. M. Haines 
 
 28, John Shaver, Chris. Reddick 
 
 29, Philiy \^'alters, Corp'l, fames .Mac- 
 
 Gaughey 
 
 30, Michael Markley, Jacob Markley 
 
 31, E. hf 32, Ensign Valentine 
 W. hf. 32, Henry Merkley 
 
 33, Henry Frauts, John Ulman 
 
 34, Abraham Hopper, Geo. Loucks 
 
 35, Jas. Rose, John McDonell 
 
 36, 57, Capt. R. Duncan 
 Common 
 
 2.VD. COXClvSMOX. 
 
 I and 2, Capt. J. Mackenzie 
 
 4, Jerominus Crisler 
 
 5, John Tuhey, Adam Snyder's family 
 
 6, .Severis Marcelius 
 
 7, 
 
 8, E. hf 9, Lieut. J. Farrand 
 \\'. hf 9 
 
 10, Aliegails Wade's heirs, Jacob Gar- 
 lowe 
 
4IO 
 
 Lunenburgk, or the 
 
 11, Peter Frayarline 24, 
 
 12, Widow Van Alstine, Saml. Van 25, 
 
 Alstine 26, 
 
 13, Robert and Stephen Farrington W. 
 E. hf. 14, Henry Garlow 28, 
 W. hf. 14, 15, Adjutant Valentine 29, 
 
 16, Herman Utnian, John Wert 30, 
 
 17, Matthias Link 
 
 18, Philip Byrne 31, 
 Common W. 
 
 19 33. 
 
 20, Widow O'Hara, Philip Cook 34, 
 
 21, E. hf. 22, Doctor Austin 35, 
 W. hf. 22, Sergt. Mandeville 36, 
 23, David Reilly 
 
 tlen. Reddock, John Shaver 
 Francis Ulman 
 E. hf. 27, Lieut McMartin 
 hf. 27, Sergt. Haines 
 
 Henry Frauts, Sergt. Knight 
 Joseph Haines, Richd. Mande- 
 ville 
 E. hf. 32, Ensign Valentine 
 hf. 32, Sergt. Knight 
 
 Robt. Abril, John Bunker 
 
 John Bishop 
 
 36, Capt. R. Duncan 
 
 TowNSHir No. 5, NOW Matilda. 
 
 1ST CONCESSION. 
 
 Common, Sergt. >\' right 
 
 I, E. hf 2, Capt. John Munro 
 A\'. hf 2 
 
 3, Herman Woggoner, (in red ink, 
 
 Jacob Dorn), Jacob Shieres, 
 (now Shafer) 
 
 4, John CoUison, Edward Stokes, 
 
 5, Robert Glasford, John Glasford 
 9, Jno. Benedict, Jacob Von Allen 
 7, E. hf 8,' Lieut Hugh Munro 
 
 W. hf 8, Sergt. James McDonell 
 9, John McCarter, Stephen Meddogh, 
 (in red ink, Middough) 
 
 10, Richd. Dingnean, David Beverley, 
 
 (in red ink, Jerm Dorn) 
 
 11, Henry Baker, Jacob Cairnes 
 
 12, Florence McCarthy, (in red ink, J. 
 
 (Kintners), Wni. McCormack, 
 (now J. Servos) 
 
 13, E. hf 14, Ensign P'rancis McCarty 
 AV. hf 14, Luke Bowen 
 
 15, Adam Shaver, John .Shaver 
 
 16, Lodok. Frederick, Bern'd Frederick 
 
 17, Adam Foster, Edward Foster 
 
 i8, Jonathan Armstrong, AA'm. Cutt- 
 ham, (in red ink James Evering- 
 house) 
 
 Common 
 
 19, John Ault, P^dward Ailt 
 
 20, John Meddogh, Michael Ault, (in 
 
 red ink, now Shafers) 
 
 21, Dorothy Russell, Michael Russell 
 
 22, Eliz. Brouse, Peter Brouse 
 
 23, Jacob Coons, Peter Murray 
 E. hf 24, Sergt. Martin Walter 
 
 W. hf 24 and 21;, (No name entered 
 on map. Patent issued to Peter 
 Carman, 4th Oct., 1803). 
 Point Iroquois here forms a Conces- 
 sion in front 
 
 26, Jerry Doring, David , Jacob 
 
 Doring, H. .Servos. 
 
 27, Widow Fedar, Lucas Fedar 
 
 28, Caspar Coons, David Doring ' 
 
 29, John Van Camp, John Boyer 
 
 30, Martin Wallace, Arth. Z. Wallace 
 
 31, E. hf 32, Lieut. J. Smythe 
 ^^'. hf 32, Sersrt. Teeple 
 
 33, Corp'l Shaver, Corp'l P. Crouse 
 
 34, Wm. Baxter, Richd. Davis, (in red 
 
 ink, Clarke) 
 
 35, Plenry Albrant, John Saver 
 
 36, 27, Capt. Allen McDonell 
 
 2X11 CONCESSION. 
 
 Common, Sergt. Wright 
 I, E hf 2, Capt. John Mimro 
 \\. hf 2 
 
 3. 
 
 4, George Thompson, Fred. \ . Snell 
 
 Corporal 
 
 5, Henry Munro, Cornelius Munro 
 
 6, John Munro, Wm. Johnson Munro 
 
 7, E. hf 8, Lieut. Hugh Munro 
 W. hf 8, Sergt. James McDonell 
 9, George Johnson, Garret Eastling 
 
 10, Abraham Rowson, Jno. McDonell 
 
 11, John Strader, Joseph Warte 
 
 13, E. hf 14, Ensign Francis McCarthy 
 
 A\'. hf 14, Luke Bowen 
 
 15, Philip Shaw, Jacob Shaver 
 
Old Eastern District. 
 
 411 
 
 16, John Palmer, Dennis Courtney 
 
 17, R. McDonell, Cora'l T. Van Allen 
 18, 
 
 Common, Henry Witner 
 19, 
 
 20, ~- 
 
 21, Adam Baker 
 22, 
 
 E. hf. 24, John Ashburn, Corporal 
 26, Michael Carman, Henry Waley 
 
 27, Timothy O'Brien, Geo. Schriver 
 
 28, 
 
 29, 
 
 30, Simon Strider 
 
 31, E, hf. 32, Lieut. J. Smythe 
 W. hf. 32, Sergt. Teeple 
 
 33, Corp'l Shaver, Corp'l P. Crause 
 
 34, Henry Strider, jun., Geo. Myres 
 
 35, Esther Saver 
 
 36, 37, Capt. Allen McDonell, John 
 
 Secord 
 
412 
 
 Lunenburgh, or the 
 
 APPENDIX E. 
 
 (From Neilson's Quebec Almanac, 1799.) 
 I. 
 
 Royal Canadian Volunteers. 
 
 Formed igth May, 1796. Disbanded 25th September, 1802.. 
 
 First Battalion. 
 
 Lieu tenant -Colonel, 
 Alajor, 
 
 J. De Longueil. 
 Louis De Saleberry. 
 
 Dcjaunies Beaubien 
 Francis Piedmont 
 Pieerie Marcaux 
 C. S. De Bleury 
 
 Daniel Dupre 
 Peter Ducheynet 
 A. J. Duchesnay 
 Joseph De Beaujeuy 
 C. G. Lanaudiere 
 
 LIEUTENANTS. 
 
 Louvigny Montigny 
 Francois Vassal 
 J. Bte. D'Eslnnonville 
 Richard Ferguson. 
 
 Hipolite Hertell 
 I'ierre Bazin 
 Llenry Hay 
 Joseph Bouchette 
 Benjamjn Johest 
 
 Louis Montizambert 
 Honore Bailie 
 Antoine Lanaudiere 
 g.ichard Hay 
 Francois Benches 
 
 Chaplain, 
 
 .'Vdjutant, 
 
 Quarter-Master, 
 
 Sui'.CTeon, 
 
 Mate, 
 
 Robert Anderson 
 Francois Duval 
 Denis Alexander 
 M. R. De Salaberry 
 J. B. Ph. D'Estimanville. 
 
 Revd. Salter Mountain. 
 
 Robert Anderson. 
 
 Louis Fromenteau. 
 
 James Walker. 
 
 Henry Leodel. 
 
 Second Battalion. 
 Lieutenant-Colonel, John Macdonell (Aberchallader. 
 
 M.njor, 
 
 Peter Drummond 
 Hector McLean 
 Hugh Macdonell 
 Neil McLean 
 
 CAFl'AIN'S. 
 
 Hazelton Spencer. 
 
 Miles Macdonell . 
 Richard Wilkinson 
 Alexander McMillan 
 Chaussegros De Lery 
 
Old Eastern District. 
 
 413 
 
 "William Fraser 
 William Crawford 
 Thomas Fraser 
 Ranald Macdonell 
 William Johnson 
 
 Pierre Boucherville 
 William Drace 
 Peter Grant 
 George Ermatinger 
 Charles Laurnere 
 
 Chaplain, 
 
 Adjutant, 
 
 Quarter-Master, 
 
 Surgeon, 
 
 Mate, 
 
 LIEUTENANTS. 
 
 ENSIGNS. 
 
 Angus McDonell 
 
 Farcherson 
 
 Pierre Ignaci Malhiot 
 I. B. J. Duchesnay 
 Ant. Petrimeulx. 
 
 Joseph Boardniin 
 Robert Woolsej- 
 Stephen McKay 
 Fred. Darue 
 Joseph Chinique. 
 
 The Revd. Mr. Duval. 
 
 John Crampton. 
 
 Andrew Crampton. 
 
 James Davidson. 
 
 Cyrus Anderson. 
 
 Militia, 1803. 
 
 Glengarry. 
 
 Colonel, 
 
 Lieutenant-Colonel, 
 
 Major, 
 
 Hanald McDonell * 
 Richard Wilkinson 
 Alexander McMillan 
 Alexander McDonell ' 
 
 John McDonell.* 
 - Hugh McDonell.* 
 Walter Sutherland.* 
 
 CAPTAINS. 
 
 Murdock McLean 
 John Hay 
 Duncan Mclntire 
 Duncan McKenzie 
 Allan McDonell 
 
 LIEUTENANTS. 
 
 Joseph Sutherland 
 Duncan Murchison 
 John Mclntire * 
 
 John Dunn 
 Peter McDonell 
 Duncan McDonell 
 Donald McGillis 
 Norman McLeod 
 
 Jacob Summers 
 Jeremiah Snyder 
 "Hector McKay- 
 Duncan McDonell 
 Donald McMillan 
 
 Chaplain, 
 Adjutant, 
 Quarter-Master, 
 
 John McDonell 
 Duncan McDonell 
 Alexander Grant 
 Donald McKay, junior 
 John Cameron. 
 
 - John Bethune.t 
 
 - Murdock McLean. 
 
 Lawrence McKay. 
 
 ^-' Served in the King's Royal Regiment of New York. 
 + Served in the 84th Royal Highland Emigrants. 
 
414 
 
 Lunenburgh, or the 
 
 Prescott. 
 
 Colonel, 
 
 Lieutenant-Colonel, 
 
 Major, 
 
 Fra's Rawdon Fortune 
 Enoch V\\.z Henry 
 
 CAPTAINS. 
 
 Thomas P. Fortune 
 Stephen Story 
 
 - William Fortune. 
 Joseph Fortune. 
 
 Arthur Wade 
 Eden Johnson. 
 
 LIEUTENANTS. 
 
 Jeremiah Ilarayou 
 •Simon Vanclecic 
 
 Omry Eddy 
 Abraham Gale 
 
 Adjutant, 
 
 Qiiaiter-Master, 
 
 Peter Beers 
 Every Stor)-. 
 
 Storjiont. 
 
 Colonel, 
 
 Lieutenant-Colonel, 
 
 Major, 
 
 Archibald McDonell.* 
 
 CAPTAINS. 
 
 LIEUTENANTS. 
 
 ENSIGNS. 
 
 Adjutant, 
 Quarter-Master, - 
 
 DUXDAS. 
 
 Colonel , 
 
 Lieutenant-Colonel , 
 Major, 
 
 Michael Plains " 
 Farquhar McDonell " 
 
 Jacob Merkle * 
 Henry Merkle * 
 Michael Ault * 
 
 John Shaver 
 John Munro 
 Frederick Wea\'er 
 
 Adjutant, 
 Quarter-Master, 
 
 - Allan McDonell.* 
 Malcolm McMartin." 
 
 CAPTAINS. 
 
 Cornelius Munro ' 
 Allan Paterson. 
 
 LIEUTENANTS. 
 
 Jacob Weegar * 
 Jesse Wright * 
 John Serviss ' 
 
 Jacob VanAUan 
 Michael Carman. 
 
 Jacob Weaver. 
 Alexander McDonell. 
 
 * Served in the King's Royal Regiment of New York. 
 
Old Eastern District. 
 
 415 
 
 Grenville. 
 
 Colonel, 
 
 Lieutenant-Colonel, 
 
 Major, 
 
 - William Fraser X 
 
 Thomas Fraser j 
 
 Alexander Campbell % 
 
 John Dulmage % 
 James Campbell § 
 Gideon Adams % 
 Solomon Jones J 
 Ephraim Curry 
 
 Captan- Lieutenant, 
 
 Lewis Grant 
 Caleb Clauson 
 Stephen Burnett * 
 Richard Arnold 
 
 Samuel Sherwood 
 
 Joseph Knapp 
 Francis Scott 
 Asahel Wright 
 William Snyder 
 Daniel Burnett 
 
 LIEUTENANTS. 
 
 Hugh Munro 
 Philip Dulmage 
 Thos. Doyle 
 Martin Kelly 
 Asahiel Hurd 
 
 William Eraser 
 Joel Adams , 
 Thomas Fraser 
 Peter Grant 
 Samuel Hicks 
 Samuel Stafford 
 
 Adjutant, 
 
 Quarter-Master, 
 
 Colonel, 
 
 Lieutenant-Colonel, 
 
 Major, 
 
 Leeds. 
 
 Jahiel Hurd 
 Herman Landon 
 Abraham Bolton 
 Thomas Brown 
 James Mills 
 Abraham Lake 
 William Fraser 
 Oliver Everts 
 
 Joel Stone 
 
 Edward Jesssup % 
 
 Thomas Smyth 
 
 Samuel Wright 
 Samuel Caswell J 
 Allan Grant t 
 Bartholomew Carley % 
 Benone Watson • 
 
 Joseph Neiph 
 John Howard 
 Reuben Sherwood 
 William LaRue 
 
 Jehiel Smith 
 Truman Hicok 
 William Reid 
 Allan McDonell 
 Samuel Booth 
 
 lieutenants. 
 
 David Hunter 
 Abel Coleman 
 Stephen Wathburn 
 Ezra Benedick 
 
 William B. Wright 
 Philip Philips 
 
 Ap. Loudon 
 William B. Stone 
 
 * Served in the King's Royal Regiment of New York. 
 
 + Served in the 84th Royal Highland Regiment. 
 
 X Served in the Loyal Rangers, Major Edward Jessup's corps. 
 
 § Served in Major McAlpine's corps. 
 
4i6 
 
 Lumnhurgh, or the 
 
 Archibald McLean Jonathan Fulford 
 
 Nathan Dayton Eathan McCulJom 
 
 Adiel Sherwood Richard Day 
 
 Adjutant, • - - Reuben Sherwood 
 
 Quarter-Master, - Dyer Howard 
 
 The appointments to the Stormont regiment of Militia do not appear to have 
 been filled up in 1802. 
 
 The following are the lists of the First and Second Stormont, in 1823, as 
 given in the " York Almanac " of 1824 : 
 
 First Stormont. 
 
 Colonel, 
 
 Lieutenant-Colonel, 
 
 Major, 
 
 The Hon. Neil McLean + 
 
 - ."Albert P'rench 
 
 - Donald McDonell 
 
 Angus Fraser 
 Josh.- Y. Cozens 
 Archibald McDonell . 
 J. Vankoughnet 
 
 Philip Empey 
 Archibald McDonell 
 Hugh McDermid 
 Duncan Scott 
 Ronald MeDonell 
 
 Simon Fraser 
 John D. Campbell 
 John Mcintosh 
 Alex. McDonell 
 
 LIEUTENANTS. 
 
 Alexander McDonell 
 \YiIliam Bruce 
 John Barnhart 
 Ronald McDonell 
 Arthur Burton, Adjutant 
 
 John Cameron 
 John McGibbon 
 Jonn McDonell 
 Arthur Burton 
 Allan McDonell 
 
 Adjutant-Captain, 
 
 Martin McMartin 
 \Vm. Mcintosh 
 Michael Link 
 Wm. Ray 
 Philip Eamer 
 Arthur Burton 
 
 Second Stormont. 
 
 Colonel 
 
 Lieu tenan t - Colonel , 
 
 Major, 
 
 Donald Mc.\ulay 
 Philip P. Empey 
 Charles C. Farren 
 Geo. Anderson, Adjutant 
 Noah Dickinson 
 William Macfarlane 
 
 captains. 
 
 Joseph Anderson 
 
 Philip Vankoughnet 
 
 Benjamin French 
 
 Joseph Bachus, (spelled Balk- 
 
 ness). 
 William Browne 
 Adam Dixson 
 McKenzicr Morgan. 
 
 LIEUTENANTS. 
 
 Henry Stuart 
 John Ault 
 Alex. Cameron 
 George Morgan 
 Murdoch Stuart 
 
 Henry Shaver 
 Alexander Bruce 
 Isaac Sheek 
 Peter Chesley 
 Jacob W. Empey. 
 
 + Served in the 84th Royal Highland Emigrants. 
 
Old Eastern District. 
 
 417 
 
 George Robertson 
 Gersham French 
 William Cline 
 Austin Shaver 
 James McAnlay 
 
 Adjutant, 
 
 William Loucks 
 Nelson Cozens 
 David Chesley 
 John r. Empey 
 
 'Captain Geo. Anderson. 
 
 0- 
 
 Canadian Fencible Infantry Regiment. 
 
 Raised in 18 12. 
 
 Colonel, - - Thomas Peters, (Major-General. ) 
 Lieutenant-Colonel, - Daxid Shank, (Major-General. ) 
 
 George Robertson. 
 Major, .... Francis Cockburn. 
 
 CAPTAINS. 
 
 James Eccles , 
 William de Haren 
 Thomas Hay 
 Edward Cartwright 
 Dougald Campbell 
 
 John Reid 
 William Marshall 
 Ronald McDonell 
 William Radenhurst 
 Henry Weatherston 
 John Johnston 
 
 Alexander McMillin 
 Charles Pinguet 
 Charles F. Gunter 
 
 Paymaster, 
 
 Adjutant, 
 
 Quarter-Master, 
 
 Surgeon, 
 
 Assistant-Surgeon, 
 
 Goorge R. Ferguson 
 Ewan McMillan 
 Alexander McQueen 
 James Pautz 
 
 LIEUTENANTS. 
 
 Daniel Dupre 
 Archd. K.ffohnston 
 Alexander Grant 
 R. M. Cochrane 
 Edward Dewar, (Staff.), 
 
 Benjamin Delisle 
 Ulysses Fitzmaurice 
 
 William Marshall, Lieut. 
 
 R. M. Cochrane, Lieut. 
 
 Alexander Eraser 
 
 Michael Mabey 
 
 Alexander Cunningham.. 
 
41 8 Lunenburgk, or the 
 
 APPENDIX F. 
 
 Copies of Letters relating to the War of 1812 
 
 From Lieut. -Colonel Neil McLean to Major-General Shaw, Adjutant- 
 General. 
 
 Cornwall, ist March, 1813. 
 
 Sir, — I have tl^ honoiir to acknowledge the receipt of your letter of the 15th 
 ult. , relative to Mr. Philip Vankoiighnet's memorial, claiming remuneration for 
 four months' services as adjutant to the Stormont Militia, and in reply beg leave to 
 say that Mr. Vankoughnet did duty as adjutant for a period. In order to explain 
 how more than one person came to be employed in that capacity, I may refer to 
 the many letters I have had the honour of addressing to you on the subject of ap- 
 pointing adjutants for the Stormont Militia. You will find that previous to the 
 declaration of war, I recommended Mr. P. Vankoughnet as an active, promising 
 young man, who, with a little experience, would be useful in the position to which 
 he had been nominated by my predecessor. At the same time, I endeavoured to 
 have it clearly understood that he was not to stand in the way of any person His 
 Honor the President might think fit to appoint as adjutant to discipline the flank 
 companies. I recommended and requested that a suitable non-commissioned officer 
 from the line should be appointed to this duty, as there was no person .vithin the 
 county whom I could recommend. When the flank companies were formed and 
 war was declared, I found it absolutely necessary to employ the most capable person 
 1 could find to assist in bringing the regmient, which had been greatly neglected 
 for many years, into some order and discipline. For this purpose I fixed upon 
 Sergt. Arthur Burton, who had formerly served in my company in the Canadian 
 Volunteers, and whose appointment I recommended on the 7th July, 1812. Find- 
 ing great occasion for a person of Mr. Vankoughnet's qualifications to assist in the 
 work, he was continued and returned on the muster rolls. When estimates were 
 ordered to be made out for the payment of the Flankers and staff, it was found 
 that not more than one adjutant, and no quarter-master, would be allowed, since 
 which period Mr. Vankoughnet has done no duty. I certainly do conceive that he 
 has a just claim for remuneratioii, tho' he had no promise from me, except for what 
 Government might think fit to allow. 
 
Old, Eastern District, 419 
 
 From M/vjor-General Shaw, Adjutant-General, to Lieut. -Colonel 
 Neil McLean, Stormont Militia. 
 
 LIeadquarters, York, ist March, 1813. 
 
 Sir, — The memorial of commanding officers of regiments of Militia in the 
 Eastern District, transmitted with your letter of the 2ist ultimo, has been laid 
 before His Honour Major-General Sheaffe. His Honour feels very sensibly for 
 the distresses and privations to which the Militia on duty and their families have 
 been exposed. In order to prevent, as far as may be practicable, their recurrence, 
 he some time since determined to establish some new regulations, the final arrange- 
 ment of which has been retarded by his late severe indisisosition, as well as by 
 other circumstances. A new mode of paying the Militia is already in operation, 
 though the system is not yet perfected, and it is intended to authorize the issue of 
 provisions to at least a portion of their wives and children, and means will be 
 adopted for providing the Militia on duty more amply with barracks, bedding 
 utensils, etc. 
 
 His Honour directs that pay lists be prepared in duplicate in the several 
 regiments to which the sedentary militia alluded to belonged, stating the names 
 and ranks, the periods employed, and the rate per day. They are to be certified 
 upon, however, by the officers who were called out, to act with them, and by the 
 conmianding officers of regiments ; the authority by which they were called out, and 
 for what service, are to be stated on separate documents, with the signatures of 
 the senior officers employed on such occasions, verified liy those of the command- 
 ing officers of corps. Further directions will be given respecting the person to 
 whom they are to be transmitted. 
 
 His Honour is perfectly aware of the hereditary as well as personal claims 
 which the respectable population in general of the Eastern District have on the 
 attention of Government. He feels assured that they will always use their best 
 exertions to realise the public expectation and to sustain their high character in the 
 Province, and they will ever find His Honour ready on his part to contribute 
 everything in his power towards their comfort and welfare. His Honour is pteased 
 to direct that you will be pleased to communicate this letter to the memorialists. 
 
 Lieut. -Colonel McLean to Major-General Shaw, Adjutant-General. 
 
 Cornwall, 5th June, 1813. 
 
 .Sir, — Herewith you will receive the return of the Stormont Regiment of 
 Militia, and also the return of arms, etc., in our possession. You will perceive 
 that we are greatly deficient in serviceable arms, and that a large proportion of 
 those we have are unfit for service. To account for thio, it is necessary to observe 
 that until last summer a considerable part of them have been in possession of the 
 Militia of Glengarry and Stormont for nearly thirty years without any repair, and 
 that the remaining part were used by different corps serving in these Provinces for 
 . probably fifty years. It is obvious that arms left to the care of MiUtiamen, whose 
 want of experience and variety of occupation precluded that care essential to 
 efficiency, must soon become defective. I beg,' therefore, to request that you will 
 be pleased to inform me in what manner the arms and accoutrements are to be re- 
 paired and kept in repair. 
 
 Permit me to take this opportunity of recommending Archibald McDonell, 
 gentleman, to succeed Ensign Donald McDonell, of my regiment, who died 15th 
 March, 1813. 
 
-420 Ltinenburgh, or the 
 
 4- 
 From Arch'd McLran to Lieut.-Col. Neil McLean. 
 
 KoRT George, July 12th, 1814. 
 
 My Dear Father, — We arrived at this place on the 6th inst. , from York, 
 and marched to Queenstown the same evening. We remained there till the 8th, 
 when we were ordered up to Chippewa, where General Real's headquarters were, 
 and where the enemy were immediately in onr front. We had scarcely arrived 
 there before the enemy's batteries opened in order to force a passage across the 
 Chippewa, and after a short resistance from two field pieces on our side, we were 
 ' obliged to give way, and the whole force was immediately put in motion for this 
 place, not being further molested by the Americans. We arrived here about ten 
 o'clock at night, having marched about eight and twenty' miles during the warmest 
 day we have seen this summer, and what added to the fatigue was the immense 
 clouds of dust in wl^5ch we were constantly kept by the Dragoons and Artil- 
 lery. Since we came to this place, nothing of interest has occurred. Two hun- 
 dred of our men, under Col. Robinson, have been out about half way to 
 Queenstown for forage, but did not meet any of the enemy, though they are now 
 in possession of that place, in numbers uncertain. Last night a force of a thous- 
 
 - and men advanced in order to cut off our piquets if possible, but they found them 
 too alert, and after exchanging some shots they retired. There has been no loss 
 on our side except a corporal and three or four of the King's missing.* The 
 enemy's loss is uncertain, but that they have lost a General seems to be under- 
 stood. One of their wounded officers was left at the house of -Mr. Thompson, a 
 short distance from this. Befpre his death he informed the people of the house 
 that he was General Swift. He was a Lieut.-Col. of some regiment at the attack 
 upon York, and -was well spoken of by the people there. We have frequent 
 alarms here, but do not expect to have anything to do till the enemy's fleet comes 
 up. We are pretty well prepared for an attack, having three months' provisions in 
 stote, plenty of guns, ammunition and men, and I hope plenty of courage. I 
 
 - shall send this by a vessel to Yol-k, the communication by land being rather 
 ■ dangerous owing to its being stopped by the, enemy. 
 
 Letter from the Rev'h John Strachan, Treasurer to the Loyal and 
 Patriotic Society of Upper Canada. 
 
 The Loyal Patriotic Society of Upper Canada, anxious to extend the benefit 
 of the institution through the whole Province, voted the sum of five hundred 
 pounds, Halifax currency, to be distributed in the Eastern District as circumstances 
 may require, to such persons in distress as come within the provisions of their qon- 
 
 .stitution. Of this money the treasurer has distributed the sums following, and in 
 the name of the Society requests the Revd. John Bethune, the Revd. Alexander 
 McDonell, the Revd. Mr. Baldwyne, Judge Anderson, and Colonel McLean, to 
 form themselves into a committee for distributing the remainder by granting relief 
 to Militiamen who have been wounded or who are in distress, occasioned by 
 military duty, or to those who have been plundered by the enemy, guiding their 
 bounty by the constitution of the Society. Mr. John Bethune, junior, is requested 
 
 - to act as secretary-, and Mr. Guy C. Wood as treasurer. The secretary will bring 
 before the committee all such cases as appear worthy of their attention, and the 
 treasurer will pay from the funds in his hands any order signed by two or more of 
 the committee and countersigned by the secretary, such an order being to him a 
 
 : sufficient warrant. 
 
 * The 8th Regiment. 
 
Old Eastern District. 421 
 
 The General Society al York are led to hope that the aid which they have 
 >us given to the inhabitants of the Eastern District will induce them to subscribe 
 berallv among themselves in addition to that aid, in order to alleviate as far as 
 ossible the pressure of the war, and they beg leave to remind the subscribers that 
 y their constitution every person contributing ten pounds per annum during the 
 ar is virtually a director, and has a right to assist at all the deliberations of the 
 immittee above named, and to be summoned to all meetings by the secretary, so 
 lat all such subscribers of ten pounds a year are members of the committee of 
 istribution in virtue of their subscription. 
 
 As it is a principal object with the Society to nourish affection for the Govern- 
 lent and a determined resistance to the enemy, they will be careful to attend to 
 lat part of the constitution which excludes all those who have deserted their posts, 
 r have given just cause of suspicion, from participating in their bounty. 
 
 Money distributed by the treasurer of the Loyal and Patriotic Society of" 
 'pper Canada in the Eastern District : — 
 
 £ s. <i. 
 
 To Joseph Anderson, Esq 20 o o 
 
 do do loan from funds of Society 20 o o 
 
 David Wright 20 5 8 
 
 John Pescod and his son ,. . 25 14 10 
 
 Charles McKinnon ■ • ■ 25 o o 
 
 Henry Runnions I 20 I 4 
 
 * 131 I 4 
 
 Ey vote of the Society 500 o o 
 
 In the hands of G. C.Wood, Esq., and subject to the order 
 
 of the committee , . 3^^ '^ ^ 
 
 Cornwall, 4th March, 1814. 
 
APPENDA. 
 
 Haldimand Collection, B. 213, Page 15. 
 
 Return of Officers of the First Battalion of His Majesty's Regiment of 
 Royal Highland Emigrants. 
 
 Isle Aux Noix, 15th April, 1778. 
 
 ^-- Ap™^;.. ^^■— • e°™^ FORMER RANK IN THE ARMV 
 
 Lieut. -Col. 
 Major 
 
 Captain 
 
 Lieutenant 
 
 Ensign 
 
 '13 Jan., 1775 
 
 15 June 
 14 June, 
 21 Nov., 
 
 12 June, 
 14 June, 
 Nov., 1776 
 
 14 June, 
 31 Dec, 
 14 June 
 31 Dec, 
 
 16 July, 
 21 Nov., 
 
 1775 
 
 776 
 1775 
 
 25 Oct., 1776 
 9 April, 1777 
 
 Allan McLean 
 Donald McDonald 
 
 William Dunbar 
 John Nairne 
 Alex. Eraser 
 Geo. McDougall 
 Malcolm Eraser 
 Daniel Robertson 
 George Laws . 
 * Neil McLean, 
 
 (prisoner.) 
 John McLean 
 Alex. Firtelier 
 Lachlan McLean 
 Fran. Damburgess 
 
 (prisoner.) 
 David Cairns 
 Don. McKinnon 
 Ronald McDonald 
 
 Jan. 1775 
 Never up to 
 date of return. 
 Aug., 1775 
 
 July. 
 
 Nov.. 
 
 J»iy/ 
 
 1775 
 1775 
 1775 
 
 John McDonell 
 Alex. Stratton, 
 
 (a prisoner. ) 
 Hector McLean 
 14 June, 1775 Ronald McDonald 
 
 Chaplain 
 
 Adjutant 
 Q'r-Master 
 Surgeon 
 Surg's-Mate 
 
 1 2 June, 
 14 June, 
 14 June, 
 14 Jan., 
 
 14 June, " 
 June, 1776 
 June, 1776 
 
 Archibald Grant 
 David Smith 
 George Daine 
 Arch'd McDonald 
 William Wood 
 John Pringle 
 Hector McLean, 
 
 (prisoner.) 
 John Bethune, 
 
 (prisoner. ) 
 Ronald McDonald 
 Lachlan McLean 
 James Davidson 
 'ames Walker 
 
 July, 1775 
 
 Never up to 
 date of return, 
 Oct., 1777 
 Aug., 1775 
 April, 1777 
 Aug., 1775 
 
 Never up to 
 date of return. 
 
 Nov., 1775 
 Aug., 1775 
 Aug., 1775 
 June, 1776 
 Oct., 1775 
 June, 1776 
 Never up to 
 date of return. 
 
 Aug., 1775 
 June, 1776 
 
 June, 1777 
 
 Lieutenant-Colonel. 
 
 Capt., late 78th Regt., 26th! 
 
 April, 1761. 
 Lt., late 78th Regt., Feb., 1757 
 Lt., 60th Regt., May, 1759 
 Lt., late 8th Regt., 25 Sept., '59 
 Lt., 42nd Regt., 19 April, 1762 
 
 Lt., 7th Regt., 1762 
 
 Ensign, late 114th Regt., 1761 
 
 Ensign, 21st Nov., 1775 
 
 Ensign, ist June, 1775 
 Ensign, 20th Nov., 1775 
 Ensign, 14th June, 1775. Has. 
 
 served 18 years. 
 Ensign, 14th June, 1774 
 
 Sergeant for 21 years. In 
 service in North America 
 and West Indies. 
 
 », T* ^''™ *^ ^"^'^ BattaHon was at Carletori Island in May, 1779, there were two Neil 
 McLean s m it — one a captain, the other an ensign. 
 
N. B. — It is said that there is n Lieutenant David Price, ns also one Knsign ■ 
 Henry May, who have commissions in this battalion, but the regiment never 
 mustered them, though they have drawn some money to account of their pay. 
 
 John Nairne, 
 Captain Royal Highland Regiment. 
 
 In Mr. Brymner's report on Canadian Archives for 1890, page 52, it is stated 
 that Mr. John Bryan was in charge of the Episcopal or English Church congrega- 
 tion at Cornwall, at a salary of ;^50,o.o. The exact date at which he took charge 
 is not given, but it was probable that he did so in 1786 or 1787.