V ORNELL UN-IVEaSim 
 
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li^ -A. IsT tr A. L 
 
 or THE 
 
 BOTANY OF JEFFERSON CO., 
 
 j?L. HI. -Z- O TJ IsT C3- , 
 
 OP HANO=VIiR COLLEGE, IND. 
 
 PBEPAKED FOE THE 
 
 SECOND REPORT OF THE 
 
 GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OP INDIANA. 
 
 INDIANAPOLIS : 
 1871. 
 
 S. G. K. — 16 
 
The following catalogue of plants, collected in Jefferson 
 county, Indiana, was kindly furnished by A. H. Young, 
 of Madison. 
 
 The list is very complete, and is a valuable contribution 
 to our knowledge of the botany of the southern part of the 
 State. The common names and medical properties, when 
 known, are given in connection with the scientific nomen- 
 clature, so that a great many of the plants will be readily 
 recognized by the less scientific students of botany. 
 
 E. T. COX, 
 
 State Geologist. 
 
 {2V 
 
INTRODUCTION. 
 
 Hanovee, Ind., November, 1871. 
 
 Peof. Cox : — The list of flowers furnished in this report, 
 is, we think, but partial, and a thorough canvass of the hills 
 and valleys, flat lands, marshes and pools, would largely 
 increase it ; placing it at least 200 to 300 species in advance 
 of its present standing. This estimate, though somewhat 
 large, is not beyond what we think reasonable; for our 
 researches thus far have been confined to rather a small area, 
 say one-sixth to one-fifth of the county. The supposition 
 that there is in the county a large n^mber of plants not 
 mentioned in the Catalogue, is founded on the fact, that each 
 new locality we have visited has disclosed several species 
 differing from those found in other places not far distant, 
 and also many plants unknown to us, that had not arrived 
 at the analyzable period. The supposition is further 
 strengthened by the great diversity of surface to be found 
 in this county. From the river bluffs of the Ohio, creviced 
 in all directions by ravines and guUeys, there rolls back a 
 comparatively unbroken stretch of flat land — this again is 
 gradually changed, and the country becomes diversified by 
 brooks, and creeks, along whose banks flowers flourish in 
 great abundance. 
 
 The Cyperacese {Sedges,) Graminese (Grasses,) Filices 
 (Ferns,) and Lichens, are all well represented in this county ; 
 and an interesting field of labor is opened to the Botanist 
 
244 STATE GEOLOGIST. 
 
 in these departments. Especially in the rich moist woods 
 do the ferns attain a luxuriant growth; some species, we 
 think, being three to four feet in hight. O' the grasses we 
 have examined a few, but not carefully enough to notice 
 them in the report. Want of time and of the requisite 
 instruments for investigating the properties of most of the 
 above named classes, has deterred us from entering on their 
 study. It is to be hoped that some one better able to 
 prosecute this work, will at no distant day undertake the 
 labor of presenting to the public a full list of the Flora of 
 Jefferson county. 
 
 I am, 
 
 Your obedient servant, 
 
 A. H. YOUNG. 
 
 ABBREVIATIONS. 
 
 The month named in the description, indicates the time 
 of flowering. 
 
 The letters immediately following the specific name of each 
 plant, indicates the person who fi.rst described it. 
 
 The abbreviation adv. for adventive, denotes that the 
 plant is exotic. 
 
 Eu. Europe, Afr. Africa, Hex. Mexico, S. Am. South 
 America. 
 
CA.T-A.IL.OC3-TTE 
 
 OF THE 
 
 FLORA 
 
 OF 
 
 JEFFERSON COUNTY, INDIANA, 
 
 Obdeb 1. RAWrNCriiACEiE. (Crowfoot Family.) 
 
 1. CtEMATIS, L. Vibgin's-Bowee. 
 
 1. C. Viorna, L. (Leathee-Flow^e.) A vine, may be known 
 by its thick sepals, which are reflexed at points, and of a purplish color. 
 Plentiful. May, June, July. 
 
 2. C Yirginiana, L. (Common Vikgin's Bowee ) August. Med- 
 ical properties of Viorna and Yirginiana. Tiiese plants are of use in can- 
 cerous ulcers and severe headaches. 
 
 8. AWEMOHTE, L. (Wind-Floweb.) 
 
 1. A. Virglnlana, L. (Vibginian Anemone.) Eather common 
 on rocky clifls. June to Ausust. 
 
 3. HEPATICA, Dill. (Livee-leaf. Hepatica. Liverwoet.) 
 
 1. H. acntiloba, DC. (Shabp-I/OBBB Hepavica.) Varies in 
 color from white to pink and purple. Seeks moist places, and flowers for 
 about four weeks. March. Medical properties: Is a mild demulcent 
 tonic and astringent. 
 
246 REPORT OF 
 
 4. THAMCTRTJM, Tourn. (Meadow-Eue.) 
 
 1. T. ancmonoides, Michx. Found about the roots of trees. 
 March. ^ Very common. 
 
 2. T, dioicum, L. (Eably Meadow-Rub.) Fertile and sterile 
 flowers on different plants; sterile most abundant. March, April, May. 
 
 3. T. purpurasceus, L. (Pubple M.) Eather a pretty plant, 
 and somewhat dommon. April, May, June. 
 
 5. RA]VUWCUr,US, L. Crowfoot. BtJTTEKotTPS. 
 
 1. B. alismsefolins, Geyer. ' ("Water -Plantain Spbarwort.) 
 Rather common in wet places. June, July, August. 
 
 2. B. Flammnla, L. (Smaller Speakwort.) Rather rare. 
 July. 
 
 3. Var. reptans, (Creeping S.) August. 
 
 4. B. aboi'tivus, L. (Small-flowbeed C.) Abundant ; wet places. 
 April, May. 
 
 5. B. recnrvatns, Polr. (Hooked C.) Damp soils. April. 
 
 6. B. fasicularis, Muhl. (Early C.) Rather rare. April. 
 
 7. B. repens, L. (Creeping C.) Not plentiful. April, May. 
 Med. prop, of the Buttercups : repens is used for inflaming and Vesicat- 
 ing the skin. Its action, however, is uncertain. 
 
 6. AQUIIiEGIA, Tourn. (Columbine.) 
 
 1. A. canadensis, L. (Wild Columbine.) Very common on 
 rocks. April to June. 
 
 7. DEIiPHEVIlIM, Tourti. (Larkspur.) 
 
 1. D. tricorne, Michx. (DwAjpp L.) Quite common on the river 
 bluffs. April, May. 
 
 2. D. aznreum, Michx, (Azure L.) June. 
 
 S. HYDBASTIS, L. (Orange Root or Yellow PtrccooN.) 
 
 1. H. Canadensis, L. Flower but one, which is raised on a flow- 
 er stem, and of a greenish color. Not common. March. Med. Prop.: 
 Used as a dye, producing a t)ermanent yellow. It is also used as a tonic 
 and aperient. 
 
 9. ACT^A, L. ' (Baneberry.) 
 
 1. A. spicata, L. var. rubra, Michx. (Red Baneberry.) Red 
 berries. April and May. 
 
 2. A. alba, Bigel. (White Baneberry.) White berries. April. 
 Med. prop.: Actsea alba is mentioned as a violent purgative. 
 
STATE GEOLOGIST. 247 
 
 10. CIMICirrGA, L. (Btobane.) 
 
 1. C. raceinosa. Ell. (Black Snakekoot.) July. Med. Prop.: 
 Exercises considerable influence over the nervous system, probably of a 
 sedative character. Dangerous in large doses. 
 
 Obdeh 2. MAGIVOI^IACE^. (Magnolia Family.) 
 
 1. lilRIODElVORON, L. (Tulip Tree.) 
 
 1. Li. Tulipifera, L. (Poplar.) Common forest tree, and makes 
 very good lumber — from 2 to 6 feet in diameter. Med. Prop.: Used as a 
 stimulant tonic, and for chronic rheumatism and dyspepsia. May and 
 June. 
 
 2. MAGJiOULA. (Magnolia.) 
 
 1. M. acilininata, L. (Cucumber-tree.) This tree is said to be 
 found in thig county. 
 
 Obdek 3. ASfOWACE^. (Custak1)-ap*le Family.) 
 
 1. ASrWCOfA, Adans. (North AmtEKicAN Papaw.) 
 
 1. A. triloba, Dunal, (Common Papaw.) An abundant shrub! 
 flower, dark purple. March, April, and May. 
 
 Order 4. SEEXISPERIMACEiE:. (Moonsebd Family.) 
 
 1. IWEWISPERMIJIH:, L. (Moonsbed.) 
 
 1. M. Canadense, L. (Canadian Moonseed.) Plentiful ; vining 
 along fences, and over other plants. Mjiy to' July. 
 
 Order 5. BERBERFDACEJE:. (Barberry Family.) 
 
 1. CAULOPHYMiUM, Michs. (Blue Cohosh.) 
 
 1. C. thalictroides, Michx. (Blue C, or Pappoose Eoot.) 
 Rare. April, May. 
 
 S. JEFFERSONIA. Barton. (Twin Leap.) 
 
 1. J. dipliylla, Pers. Often found growing side by side with blood 
 root, and for which the flower is sometimes taken. Eoots very numerous, 
 and take a deep hold for a small plant. April. Med. Prop.: The root is 
 said to act as an emetic, in large doses, and as a tonic, and expectorant, in 
 small doses. 
 
248 REPORT OF 
 
 3. PODOPHYIiMJM, L. (May Apple. Mandrake-) 
 
 1. P. peltatuin, L. Very plentiful. April, May. Med. Prop.: 
 It is an active and certain cathartic. 
 
 Okdee 6. PAPAVEBACE^. (Poppy Family.) 
 
 1. STYIOPHOKUM, Nutt. (Celaijdine.) 
 
 1. S. dipliylluni, Nutt. Very abundant, sometimes bedecking 
 whole hillsides with its yellow hue. March, April, May, and June. 
 
 3. SANGUIIVARIA, Dill. (Blood-root.) 
 
 1. S. Canadensis, L. Very pretty, and quite abundant. Found 
 often in patches; season, about a month. March. Med. Prop.: Is an 
 acrid.emetic, with stimulant narcotic powers. Is, also, an expectorant. 
 The plant occupies a high place in medicine. 
 
 Order 7. FUMAKIACE JE. (Fttrmitoby Family.) 
 
 1. DICEIVTBA, Bork. (Djutchman's Breeches.) 
 
 1. I>. Cueullaria, DC. (Dutchman's Breeches.) Plentiful, 
 and grows frequently in large patches. Of a white color. March, April, 
 and May. 
 
 2. D. Canadensis, DC. (Squirrel Corn.) In abundance, this 
 species is not far behind calcullaria. Flower frequently tinged with purple. 
 
 Kemabks. — The other species eximia is probably found here, but we 
 have not yet been able to satisfy ourself as to its identity. 
 
 2. COBYDAMS, Vent. (Corydaus.) 
 
 1. C. fflavwla, Raf. Not plentiful. April. 
 
 2. C. aurca. Wild. (Golden C.) Plentiful — seems to flourish best 
 in stony places. Bright yellow. April, May. 
 
 Order 8. CRUCIFBKJE. (Mustard Family.) 
 1. NASTURTIUM, E. Br. (Water-Cress.) 
 
 1. H. armoracia, Fries. (Hoese-kadish.) Escaped from culti- 
 vation. Comparatively rare. Med. Prop. Is a valuable stimulant, as 
 promoting appetite and invigforating digestion. 
 
 3. DEBfTARIA, L. (Tooth- wort. Pepper-root.) 
 
 1. D. dipliylla, L. Eare, only two specimens having been foUnd. 
 April and May. 
 
 2. 1>. laciniata, Mnhl. This plant varies much in the form of its 
 leaf; being found in all grades from a fine linear, very accute leaf, to an 
 oblong, almost oval. Very abundant. March to May. 
 
STATE GEOLOGIST. 249 
 
 3. CARDAIH I?f£, L. (Bittek-Cress.) 
 
 1. C I'lioiuboidea, DC. (Speing-Ceess.) Common in daidp 
 ground and along creeks. April, May. 
 
 2. C. rhomboldea, Var. purpurea. Torr. Eare. Of a purple 
 color. 
 
 3. C Ilii'Snta, L. (Small Bitter Ceess.) April to July. 
 
 4. C blrsuta, Var. Sylvatica. Dry ground. White color. March 
 and April. 
 
 4. ARABIS, L. (EocK Cress.) 
 
 1. A. petrsea. Lam. May. 
 
 2. A. patens, SuUiv. May. 
 
 3. A. leevlgata, DC Common on rock. Flowers white. March. 
 
 4. A. liesperidoides. May and June. 
 
 5. BARBAREA, K. Br. ("Winter Cress.) 
 
 1. B. TUlgarls, (Common Winter Cress. Yellow Kocket.) 
 April and May. Wet places. Eare. 
 
 6. SISYMBBIIJM, L. (Hedge Mustard.) 
 
 1. S. officinale, Scop. (Hedge Mustard.) Gardens and mead- 
 ows, common. May and June. Med. Prop. The juice mixed with sugar 
 is useful in chronic coughs, hoarseness, and ulcerations of mouth. 
 
 7. BRASSI€A, Tourn. 
 
 1. B. (or SiNAPis) ALBA. (White Mustard.) Cultivated and adven- 
 tive from Europe. Not common. 
 
 2. B. (or Sinapis) nigra. (Black Mustaed.) Very common. 
 Adventive from Europe. Med. Prop. The uses of these plants are 
 almost too familiar to need my remarks. Suffice it to say, that mustard is 
 used as a laxative, emetic, stimulant and rubefacient, according to doses 
 used. 
 
 8. AXYSSm, Tourn. (Allyssum.) 
 
 1. A. maritimum, L. (Sweet Alyssum.) Escaped from cultivation. 
 June. 
 
 ». CAMEL,I]SA, Crantz. (False Flax.) 
 
 1. C sativa. a weed in flax fields. Adv. from Europe. June. 
 
 10. CAPSEIiLiA, Vent. 
 
 1. C. Buesa-pastoris. (Shepherd's Purse.) Grows everywhere, 
 and seems to flourish best where it is most likely to be trodden down. 
 Adv. from Europe. March to December, if weather is warm. 
 
250 BEPOBT OF 
 
 11. liEPIDIUM, L. (Pbpperwort. Peppergrass.) 
 
 1. li. Tirginicnm, L. (Wix,d Peppergrass.) May to Septem- 
 ber, a common weed. 
 
 Order 9. CAPPARIDACEJG. (Capparids.) 
 
 1. POIiAlVISIA, Kaf. 
 1. P. graTeolcns, Eaf. Plentiful. June. 
 
 Order. 10. VIOIiACEiE. (Violet Family.) 
 
 1. SOIiAE, Ging., DC. (Green Violet.) 
 
 1. S. concolor, Ging. Found mostly about rocka. Bather com- 
 mon. April, May and June. 
 
 3. TIOIiA, L. (Violet. Heart's-ease.) 
 
 1. T. rotundifolia, Michx. (Eound-leaved Violet.) Found 
 on hill-sides, and is rare. March and April. 
 
 2. V. laiiceolata, L. (Lance-leaved Violet.) Wet meadows. 
 Very common. April and May. 
 
 3. V. cucullata, Ait. (Common blue Violet.) Found growing 
 everywhere. March to May. 
 
 4. V. cucullata, Var. palmata. (Hand-leaf Violet.) Eather 
 scarce. April and May. 
 
 5. cucullata, Var. abba. Y. & N. (White Violet.) Some 
 specimens are smooth, and some very hairy. Lower petal streaked with 
 purple lines, side petals bearded. Both dry and wet soils. The leaves as 
 in cucullata. April. 
 
 6. V. sagittata. Ait. (Akrow-leaved Violet.) Eather plenti- 
 ful ; moist meadows. May. 
 
 7. v. striata, Ait. (Pale Violet.) Abundant. April and May. 
 
 8. V. Canadensis, L. (Canada Violet.) Color of the flowers 
 vary, even on the same plant. Common. April to July. 
 
 9. V. pubesceus, Ait. (Downey Yellow Violet.) Common, 
 It varies from pubescent to almost smooth. 
 
 Order 11. HYPERICACE.<E. (St. John's-wokt Family.) 
 
 1. HYPEBICrM. St. John's-wort. 
 
 1. H. proliflcum, L. (Shrubby St. John's-wort. July to Sep- 
 tember. 
 
 2. H. perforatum, L. (Common St. John's-wort.) Nat. from 
 Europe. June. Med. prop.: Leaves and seeds act as an astringent. 
 
 3. H. corymbosum, Muhl. Plentiful. June, July. 
 
 4. H. mutilnm, L. July. 
 
STATE GEOLOGIST. 251 
 
 Order 12. CAKYOPHYLiLACEiE. (Pink Family.) 
 
 1. SAPOWAUIA, L. (SoAP-woRT.) 
 
 1. S. OFFICINALIS, L. (Common Soap-wort. Bouncing Bet.) Spar- 
 ingly escaped from cultivation. The principal Saponin obtained from 
 plant is said to be poisonous. 
 
 S. VACCARIA, Medik. (Cow-Herb.) 
 
 1. V. viJlGARis, Horst. Escaped from cultivation. Adv. from Eu. 
 July to October. 
 
 3. SrLElVE, L. (Catchfly. Campion.) 
 
 1. S. stellata. Ait. (Starry Campion.) Eather scarce. June and 
 July. 
 
 2. S. nlTea, DC. Bare. August. 
 
 3. S. PennsylTanica, Michx. (Wild Pink.) Bare. July. 
 
 4. S. Tirginica, L. (Fire Pink. Catchply.) Plentiful in cer- 
 tain localities. May. Med. prop.; A decoction of the root is said to act 
 as an anthelmintic. 
 
 5. S. NOCTIFLORA, L. (NiGHT-FLOWBRiNS C.) Bather rare. Nat. 
 from Eu. 
 
 4. liYCHIS, Tourn. (Lychnis Cockle.) 
 
 1. L. GiTHAGo, Lam. (Corn Cockle.) Found in wheat and old 
 fields. Although a very pretty weed, it is a great nuisance to the farmer, 
 and should be destroyed immediately; otherwise it will be very trouble- 
 some. Adv. from Eu. May, June. 
 
 5. STELiIiARIA, L. (Chickweed. Starwort.) 
 
 1. S. MEDIA, Smith. Grows best on moist soils. Flowers from March 
 till frost comes in the fall. Nat. from En. 
 
 2. S. pnbera, Michx. (Great Chickweed.) Scarce. Found gen- 
 erally in small bunches or clumps. White. March and April. 
 
 3. S. longifblia, Muhl. (Long-aeaved Stichwort.) Common 
 along creeks. April to June. 
 
 6. CERASTITM, L. (Mouse-ear Chickweed.) 
 
 1. C VULGATUM, L. (Mouse-eak Chickweed.) Common along 
 road-sides and waste places. April. Nat. from Eu. 
 
 2. C viscosuM, L. (Larger M.) Aug. Nat. from Eu. 
 
 3. C nutans, Eaf. April and May. 
 
 7. ABTYCHIA, Michx. (Forked Chickweed.) 
 1. A. dlcliotoma. Very common. May. 
 
252 REPORT OF 
 
 8. MOI.1LIIGO, L. (Indian Chickweed.) 
 
 1. W. verticillata, L. (Cabpet-weed ) Common in gardens, 
 gometimes almost furnishing a carpet of its leaves for large spaces. 
 July. 
 
 Order 13. PORTUIiACACE^. (Pdeslanb Family.) 
 
 1. PORTUtACA, Tourn. iPukslane.) 
 
 1. P. OLERACEA, L. (COMMON PuBSLANE.) A troublesome weed in 
 gardens. Seeming impossible to exterminate it. Hogs are very fond of it. 
 Med. Prop.: Purslane is considered a cooling diuretic, and is recom- 
 mended in scurvy, and affections of the urinary passages. Nat. from Eu. 
 July and August. 
 
 3. CLiAYTOlVIA, L. (Spring-Beauty.) 
 
 1. C Vlrglnlca, L. Has very narrow linear leaves, and is much 
 more abundant than the next species. March and April. 
 
 2. C Carolilliana, Michx. Leaves two or three times broader 
 than Virginiea. Comparatively rare. March and April. 
 
 Order 14. MAIiVACE^. (Max-low Family.) 
 
 1. MAtVA, L. (Mallow.) 
 
 1. M. botundifolia, L. (Common Mallow.) Common. Nat. from 
 Eu. 
 
 S. SilDA, L. (Sida.) 
 
 1. S. SPINOSA, L. A common weed along roadsides, and in gardens. 
 Nat. from Trop. Amer. or Afr. July and August. 
 
 3. ABUTItOBT, Tourn. (Indian Mallow.) 
 
 .1. A. AVICENN.S;, Gsertn. (Velvet Leap.) Waste places. July. 
 Adv. from India. 
 
 Oeder 15. TIIilACE^. (Linden Family.) 
 
 1. TILiIA, L. (Linden Basswood.) 
 
 1. T. Americana, L. (Basswood.) See Wood's Botany for 
 description of the tree. The timber is very valuable ; the wood soft and 
 white. June and July. 
 
 2. T. lieteropliylla, Vent. (White Basswood.) Eiver bluffs. 
 Kot common. A very pi-etty tree. May and June. 
 
lfH_ 
 
 STATE GEOLOGIST. /^/S 253 
 
 Order 16. LiIWACEiE. (Flax Family.) 
 
 1. liUVUM, L. (Flax.) 
 
 1. L. TJSiTATissiMUM, L (COMMON' Flax.) Found occassionally in 
 old fields, or along roadsides. July. Europe. Med. Prop.: Valuable as 
 a demulcent and mollient, in inflammatory affections of the mucous mem- 
 brane of the lungs, intestines, and urinary passages. 
 
 Order 17. GERAWIACEJB. (Geranium Family.) 
 
 1. GERASriUM, L. (Cranesbill.) 
 
 1. G. luaculatum, L. (Wild Cranesbill.) Plentiful. AprU 
 and May. Med. Prop.: This plant is one of the best astringents ; and is 
 particularly useful to infants, and persons of very delicate stomach. I» 
 used in cases of diarrhoea, chronic dysentery, and cholera infantum. 
 
 * a. IMPATIEjVS, L. (Balsam. Jewel-weed.) 
 
 1. I. pallida, Nutt. (Pale Touch-me-not.) Moist places. Com- 
 mon. July and August. 
 
 2. I. fnlva, Nutt. (Spotted Touch-me-not.) Wet places. Com- 
 mon. July. 
 
 3. OXAMS, L. (Wood-sorrel.) 
 
 1. O. Tiolacea, L. (Violet W.) Abundant. Grows in patches. 
 April and May. 
 
 2. O. Stricta, L. (Yellow W.) Common in woods, and along old 
 fences. May to September. 
 
 Order 18. BUTACE^. (Kue Family.) 
 
 1. ZAISTHOXYHJM:, Colden. (Prickly Ash.) 
 
 1. Z. Ainericanuni, Mill. (Northern Prickly Ash.) Not 
 rare. Med. Prop.: It is used as a stimulant in medicine. 
 
 2. PTEIiE*, L. (Shrubby Trefoil. Hop Tree.) 
 
 1. P. trlfoliata, L. Gray states the odor of the flowers is disagree- 
 able, while we have found it just the opposite, viz, pleasant. 
 
 3. AIIilNTUS. (Chinese Tree-of-Heaven.) 
 
 1. A. GLANDULOSUs, Desf. Med. Prop.: The powdered bark of this, 
 tree, is a powerful anthelmintic, and has been used very successfully im. 
 expelling the tape worm from the human body. May. Adv. froia 
 China. 
 
254 BEPOBT OF 
 
 Obder 19. ANACARDIACEjE. (Cashew Family.) 
 
 1. RUTS, L. (Sumach.) 
 
 1. B. glabra, L. (Smooth S.) Eather common. Med. prop. 
 The berries are astringent and refrigerant, and are considered almost as a 
 «pecific in sore mouth, attending mercurial salivation. June and July. 
 
 2. B. copalllna, L. (Dwaef S.) July and August. 
 
 3. K. Toxicodendron, L. (Poison Ivy. Poison Oak.) Com- 
 mon. Found vining on trees and along fences. April and May. This 
 plant not only poisons by immediate contact, but it also gives ofiF a volatile 
 principle, which, on some persons, acts very readily, even when they come 
 within the vicinity of the plant. It produces, by its action, erysipelatoid 
 affection. 
 
 4. K. aromatlca. Ait. (Feageant S.) Bare. Found in only 
 one locality, and that is a high bluff •of th« river. The plant is considered 
 not poisonous, but the leaves and juice, to our knowledge,' produced sores 
 on the mouth of one who chewed them. 
 
 Okbee 20. YITACE^aE. (Vine Family.) 
 
 1. VmS, Tourn. (Geape.) 
 
 1. V. laltrusca, L. (Nokthee Fox-GeApe.) Common ; and the 
 vine is often of considerable thickness. May and June. 
 
 2. V. sestivalis, Michx. (Summer Grape.) Scarcer than la- 
 BEUSCA. Thickets. May. 
 
 3. V. IndiTlSil. (Wild.) Eare. June. 
 
 3. AMPEIOPIS, Michi. (Virginian Crebpee.) 
 
 1. A. qninquefolia, Michx. Called Ameeican Ivy and Wood- 
 bine. Very common; found attached to fences and trees. June and 
 July. 
 
 Oedbe 21. CELiESTBAC-iE. (Stafe-Teee Family.) 
 
 1. CEIiASTRUS, L. (Staff-Tree. Shrubbery Bitter Sweet.) 
 
 1. C. scandens, L. (Wax-woek. Climbing Bitter Sweet.) 
 Not plentiful. A climbing shrub. May and June. Med. prop. Pos- 
 sesses emetic, diaphoretic, and narcotic properties. 
 
 3: EUONYMUS, Tourn. (Spindle-Tree.) 
 
 1. E: atropurpureus, Jacq. (Burning Bush. Waahoo.) 
 Eather common. May be k'nown by the bright red color of its fruit, which 
 reaches maturity in the autumn. The properties of this plant are not well 
 known. 
 
 2. E: Americanns, Var. Obovatus. Torr. and Gray. Eare. 
 
STATE GEOLOGIST. 255 
 
 Obdeb 22. SAPIBTDACE-iE. (Soapbeeby Family.) 
 
 1. ST4PH¥IiAE, L. (Bladdee-Nut.) 
 
 1. S. trifolia, L. (Amebican Bladdee-Nut.) Found in the 
 neighborhood of small streams. Flower greenish white. Common. 
 April and Maj^. 
 
 3. .lESCUIiUS, L. (Hobse-Chestnut. Buckeye.) 
 
 1. J9E. glabra, Willd. (Fetid ob Ohio Buckeye.) Plentiful in 
 the woods ; wood of no use except for firewood. April to June. 
 . 2. JE. flaTa, Ait. (Sweet Buckeye.) Kather rare. April and 
 May. 
 
 3. JE. flaTa. Var. Pubpubascens. Eare. 
 
 3. ACER, Tourn. (Maple.) 
 
 1. A. sacliarinilin, "Wank. (Sugae oe Eock M.) One of our 
 
 most common trees, forty to eighty feet high. The flowers are of a greeish 
 color. From this tree the maple molasses and sugar are obtained. March, 
 April. 
 
 2. A. dasycarpum, Ehrhast. (White oe Silvee Maple.) 
 Scarce. Found along river banks. April. 
 
 3. A. rnmbrnm, D. (Bed oe Swamp Maple.) One of the 
 first flowering trees in spring. Very abundant on wet lands back from the 
 river. ' "Wood quite soft. T):ee forty to sixty feet high, and, when covered 
 with blossoms, is a very pretty sight. March. 
 
 4. NEG'USrDO, Moench. (Box Eldek.) 
 
 1. Bi". acei'Oides; Moench. (Ash-leaved Maple.) A rather rare 
 tree, and is cultivated for ornament. Found along the Ohio river bank. 
 Thirty to fifty feet high. 
 
 5. CARDIOSPERMUM, L. (Heaet Seed.) 
 
 1. C. Ilallacabuiu, L. See ""Woods' Botany" for description of 
 plant. August. 
 
 Obdeb 23. liEGIJMIJir OS-ffi3. (Pulse Family ) 
 
 1. TRIFOMIJM, L. (Cloveb Teeeoil.) 
 
 1. T. PEATENSE, L. (Eed Clovee.) This and repens are the com- 
 mon clover of our fields and meadows. May. Adv. from Eu. 
 
 2. T. repens, L. ("White C.) Fine for bees. April. 
 
 3. MEMIiOTUS, Tourn. (Melilot. Sweet Clovee.) 
 1. M. ALBA, Lam. ("White M.) Eare. Adv. from Eu. August. 
 
256 REPORT 01 
 
 3. ROBCVIA, L. (Locust-tree.) 
 
 1. K. Pseudacacia, L. (Common Locust.) Tree common, and 
 is valuable timber. April and May. Medl prop.: Tonic, in small doses, 
 purgative, and emetic in large doses. 
 
 4. ASTBAI-GUS, L. (Milk Vetch.) 
 1. A. Canadensis, L. Rare. A very pretty plant. May, June. 
 
 5. DESMODIUM, DC. (Tick-Teefoil.) 
 
 1. D. nndiflornm, DC. August. 
 
 2. D. acuminatum, DC. July. 
 
 3. I>. pauciflorum, DC. August. 
 
 4. I>. rotundiflorum, DC. August. 
 
 5. D. viridiflorum. Beck. August. 
 
 6. D. I>illenii, Darlingt. July. 
 
 7. D. panLculatum, DC. August. 
 
 8. 1>. ciliare, DC. August. 
 
 6. PHASEOIilJS, L. (Kidkey Beaii.) 
 
 1. P. perennls, Walt. (Wild Bean.) August. 
 
 2. P. helTolus, L. August. 
 
 7- BAPTISIA, Vent. (False Indigo.) 
 
 1. B. australis, R. Brown. (Blue False Indigo.) Found along 
 river banks. June. 
 
 2. B. leucantha, Torr. & Gray. Eare ; fields. White. June. 
 
 8. CEBCIS, L. (Red-bud. Judas-tree.) 
 
 1. C C/anadensis, L. (Red-bud.) Very abundant, and when in 
 blossom is very pretty. March and April. 
 
 9. CASSIA, L. (Senna.) 
 
 1. C. Marllandica, L. (Wild Senna.) Common along small 
 creeks. Leaflets oblique at base. August and July. 
 
 2. C> Cliamsecrista, L. (Fabtridge Fea.) Rare. August. 
 
 Remark.— Have probably a variety of obtusifolia, or else an entirely 
 new species. Having found but one specimen, and that somewhat defec- 
 tive, we could not determine certainly its identity, 
 
 10. GYMNOCI/AUDrS, Lam. (Kentucky CorFEE-TEEE.) 
 
 1. a. Canadensis, Lam. Rather rare. Flowers quite fragrant. 
 May. 
 
STATE GEOLOGIST. ■ 267 
 
 11. GLEDISC1II4. (Honey Locust.) 
 
 1. G. triaciinthos, L. (Honey Locust or Thbee-thobned 
 Acacia.) Common. Bloom quite fragrant. 
 
 Okder 24. ROSAfEiE. (Rose Family.) 
 
 1. PBrarS, Tourn. (Plum and Cherry.) 
 
 1. P. Americana, Marshall. (Wild Yellow or Kbd Plum.) 
 Quite common. The fruit seldom reaches maturity. Thickets ;_and ie 
 somewhat cultivated. March and April. 
 
 2. P. serotina, Ehrhart. ^WiLD Black Cherby.) Common 
 along old fences and edges of woods. Wood hard. Tree often quite 
 large. April and May. 
 
 2. SPIRE 4, L. (Meadow Sweet.) 
 
 1. S. opnlifolia, L. (Nine-Bark.) Eather rare May. 
 
 2. S. sallclfolia, L. (Common Meadow Sweet.) May. 
 
 3. S. tonicntosa, L. (Hardhack, Steeple Bush.) Common 
 about old meadows and thickets. June and July. Med. prop. Used as 
 a tonic and as an astringent. And may be used in diarrhoea and cholera 
 infantum. 
 
 4. S. Arimcus, L. (Goat's Beard.) Has its flowers in a com- 
 pound panicle, making a bunch of flowers about the size of the head, 
 Eare. May and June. 
 
 3. GEUM, L. (A YENS.-) 
 
 1. O. albtlfll, Gmelin. Common. June. 
 
 2. G. Tlrginianiiin, L. June and July. 
 
 3. G. strlctuin, Ait. July. 
 
 4. G. Teriium, Torr. and Gray. 
 
 4. POTElSTIIili 4, L. (CiNQUE-roiL. Five-finger.) 
 
 1. P. Tforveglca, L. Eare. June. 
 
 2. P. (Janadensis, L. (Common Cinciue-foil.) Common fields. 
 April and Muy. 
 
 5. FRliGlRIl, Tourn. (Strawberry.) 
 
 1. F. Tirginlana, Var. Illincensis. Eather common. April. 
 
 2. F. vesca,' (English Strawberry.) 
 
 6. RIJBRS, Tourn. (Bramble.) 
 
 1. R. strigosiis, Michx. (Wild Eed Easpberky.) May. 
 
 2. R. accidentalis, L. (Black Easpbebby.) Common.' Rooky 
 places. April and May. 
 
 S. G. K.— 17 
 
258 REPORT OF 
 
 3. B. Tillosus, Ait. (Common or High Blackbubby.) Very 
 common. May. Med. prop. The roots of the blackberry and bewberry 
 are tonic and strongly astringent. 
 
 4. B. villosiis. (Vab. HUMiFustrs.) About woods. Trailing. May. 
 
 5. K. Canadensis, L. (Low Blackbebby. Dbwbebry.) Com- 
 mon. Fields and meadows. April and May. 
 
 6. R. liispidus, L. (Kunning Swamp Blackbubby.) Common 
 in wet or moist iields. June. 
 
 7. ROSA, Tourn. (Eose.) 
 
 1. R. setigera, Michx. (Clinging ob Pbaibie Eose.) Eather 
 ijire. June. 
 
 2. R. Carolina, L. (Sir amp IRose.) June and July. 
 
 3. B. Incida, Ehrhart. (Dwaef Wild Eose.) May and June. 
 
 4. R. lucida, (Vab. Nitida.) "Wild. May and June. 
 
 5. R. RuBiGiNOSA, L. (Sweet Beieb.) Quite common. Nat. from 
 Eu. May and June. 
 
 6. E. MiCEANTHA, Smith. (Small Flowebed Eose.) Nat. from 
 Bu. May and June. 
 
 8. CRATOAVS, L. (Hawthorn. White Thobn.) 
 
 1. C. COCCina, L. Scaelet-pbuited Thobn.) Eather Common. 
 April and May. 
 
 2. C. tomentosa, L. (Black or Peab Thobn.) Our most com- 
 mon haw. Woods and thickets. April and May. 
 
 3. C tomentosa, (Var. Punctata.) Common. April and May. 
 
 4. C. Ci'US-galli, L. (Cockspue Thorn.) Eare. April and 
 
 9. PYRUS, L. (Apple.) 
 
 1. P. coronoria, L. (American Cbab-apple.) Eare. April. 
 
 2. P. arbutitblia, L. (Choke Bbbby.) Quite common in wet 
 grounds. This shrub may be found with blossoms when not any more than 
 MX inches high. It reaches a bight of from eight to ten feet ; diameter, 
 one-half to three-fourths of an inch. 
 
 10. AlLEIiAJVCHIER, Medic. (June-beeby.) 
 
 1. A. Canadensis. (Toeb. and Geay.) Eare, and is being killed 
 by frosts. April. 
 
 2. A. Canadensis. (Var. Botbypium.) 
 
 Order 25. SAXIFRAOACE^. (Saxipbagace^ Family.) 
 1. RISES, L. (CuBBANT. Gooseberry.) 
 
 1. R. cynosbati, L. Seems to thrive best among the rocks and 
 cliffs. Common. Flowers greenish. April, 
 
STATE QEOLOOIST. 2&9 
 
 2. B. rotundlfollniii, Michx. March and April. 
 
 3. B. prostratnm, L, Her. (Fetid Currant.) Rare. April. 
 
 a. HYDRANGE4, Gronov. (Hydrangea.) 
 
 1. H. arborescens, L. (Wild Hydrangea.) Common on rooky- 
 cliffs, June. 
 
 3. ASTrLBE, Don. (False Goatsbbard.) 
 1. A. decandra, Don. Bather common. Wooda. July and 
 August, 
 
 4. SmiililVAWTIA, Torr.&Gray. , (Sullivantia.) 
 
 1. S. Ohlonls Torr. & Gray. Found growing on the rocky cliff's in 
 spots where the earth has fallen. Delicate pinkish white flowers, and 
 faeaulii'ul round shjning leaves. June. 
 
 5. irEUCHEBA, D. (Alpm-root.) 
 
 1. II. Americana, L. (Common ALtrM-ROOT.) Bather common. 
 Med. prop. : Is a powerful astringent. 
 
 6. MITELiIiA, Tourn. (Mitre-wort. Bishops-cap.) 
 
 1 . TUl. dlpliylla, L. Very delicate flowers. Found in rocky places. 
 Common. March and April. 
 
 Oeder 26. CRASSriiACEJE. (Orpine Tamilt.) 
 
 1. PEBTTHOBUM, Gronov. (Ditch Stone-crop.) 
 1. P. scdoides, L. Not common. July, 
 
 3. SEDUM, Tourn. (Stone-crop. Orpine.) 
 1. S. ternatum, Michx. Common on rooks. April and May. 
 
 Order 27. HAMAMELACEJE. (Witch Hazel Family.) 
 
 1. BIAMAMELIS, L. [Witch Hazel.] 
 
 X. H. Virglnica, L. Blooms in the autumn, and the flowera 
 remain till spring, so that it would lead one finding it in spring to think 
 that it was a spring flower. Med. prop. : A decoction of the bark is usefud 
 in hemorrhage of the lungs and stomach. 
 
 S. MQUIDAMBAB, L. (Svteet Gum Tree;) 
 
 1. Ti. Styraciflua, L. [Sweet Gum. Bilsted.] Plsntiful. The 
 timber is not of any use except as fuel. April. Med. prop.:; A ajfrug. 
 made from bark may be used in summer diarrhoea and dysenteiQ-., 
 
260 BEPOBT Op 
 
 Order 28. BLAIiORAGfiiE. (Water Milfoil Family.) 
 
 1. PROSEKPIBTACA, L. (Meemaid-weed.) 
 1. P. palustris, L. Common. Wet pools. June. 
 
 Order 29. OIVAC^ICACIliE. (Evening Primrose Family.) 
 
 1. CIKC-iEA, Tourn. [Enohastebs' Night-shade.] 
 
 1. C l^Iltetiana, L. Eich moist woods. June. 
 
 2. C. alpina, L. This species is doubtful. June. 
 
 S. CEIVOTHERA. (Evening Primrose.) 
 
 1. CE. biennis, L. (Common Evening Pkimrosb.) July and 
 August. 
 
 2. <E. biennis, Var. (Parviploea.) Aug. 
 
 3. <E. I'ruiticosa, L. (Sundrops.) Kather rare. June. 
 
 3. liUDWIGIA, L. (False LoosE-sTBirB.) 
 
 1. li. alternifolia, L. (Seed Box.) Plentiful. July. 
 
 2. li. llirtella, Eaf. August and September. 
 
 3. Li. vtrgata. Ph. August. 
 
 •.Order 30. MELASTOMCAEiE. (Melastoma Family.) 
 
 1. RIIEXIA, L. (Deer Grass. Meadow Beauty.) 
 
 1. B« Virginica, L. Plentiful in wet or moist meadows. July 
 and August. 
 
 Order 31. I.YTHBACAEJE. (Loosestrife.) 
 
 1. CUPHEA, Jacq. (CuPHEA.) 
 
 1. C. Tlscostssima, Jacq. (Clammy Cuphea.) Kare. July and 
 August. 
 
 8. AMMAjVIA, Houston. (Ammania.) 
 1. A. latifolia, L. Tliis species somewhat doubtful. 
 
 Order 32. PASSIFIiOKCEA./E, (Passion Flower 
 
 Family.) 
 
 1. PASSIFIiOBA, L. (Passion Flower.) 
 
 1. P. lutea, L. Bare. A very remarkable flower. June, July and 
 August. 
 
STATE GEOLOGIST. 261 
 
 Okder 33. CIJClJRBiTACXljC:. (Gourd Tamilt.) 
 
 1. MJt:LOTHRIA, L. (Melothkia.) 
 1. M. pcndula, L. August and September. 
 
 3. SICYOSt. (One-seeded Star Cucumbeb.) 
 1. S. anglllatns. L. Bather common. September. 
 
 Order 34. IJiSlBEIiljIFfiBJE:. (Parsley Family.) 
 
 1. SAWICULiA, Tourn. (Saniclb or Black Snaeeboot.) 
 
 1. S. Canadensis, L. May. 
 
 2. S. Marllandica, L. July. Med. prop.: Useful in intermit- 
 tent fever. Known as Black: Snakeroot. 
 
 2. DA1TCV8, Tourn. (Caeeot.) 
 
 1. I>. Carota, L. (Common Cabbot.) Sparingly escaped into tka 
 fields. Adv. from Eu. June. 
 
 3. PASTIHTACA, Tourn. (Pabsnip.) 
 1. P. satlTa, L. (Common Pabsnip.) May and June. 
 
 4. ARCSTEMORA, DC. (Cowbane.) 
 
 1. A. rigida, DC. This plant is a deadly poison. June, July andl 
 August. 
 
 5. THASPIIJM, Nutt. (Meadow Parsnip.) 
 
 1. T. barbinode, Nutt. May. 
 
 2. T. anrcum, Nutt. Moist places. May. 
 
 3. T. trlfoliatum. Bare. April. 
 
 6. CICUTA, L. (Water Hemlock.) 
 
 1. C, IKacuIata, L. (Spoited Cowbane.) Poisonous. Wet place*. 
 July. 
 
 7. CRTPTOT^ariA, DC. (Honewort.) 
 1. €. Canadensis, DC. June. 
 
 8. CH^ROPHYLtUM, L. (Chervil.) 
 
 1. C. procumbens, Lam. Plentiful. Moist places. April. 
 
 9. OSMORRmZA, Eaf. (Sweet Cicely.) 
 
 1. O, longistylif^ DC (Smooth Sweet Cicely.) Common. 
 Maj. 
 
262 REPORT OF 
 
 2. O. breTlstylis, DC. (Haiby Sweet Cicely.) April. 
 10. ERIGESTIA, Nutt. (Hakbinger op Spbino) 
 
 1. E. bnlbosa, Nutt. Commonly called Pepper and Salt. Found 
 abundantly on the river blufls. March and April. 
 
 Order 35. ARAULACEJE. (Ginseng Family.) 
 
 1. ARAIilA, Tourn. (Ginseng ob Wild Sarsapaeilla.) 
 
 1. A. splnosa, L. {Angelioa-tree, Hercules' Club.) Bather 
 common ; woods and thickets. July and August. Med. prop. An infusion 
 acts as an emetic and cathartic. 
 
 2. A. qninquefolla, (Ginseng.) June. 
 
 Order 36. €OR]!li'A€i:^. (Dogwood Family.) 
 
 1. CORlVrS, Tourn. (Cornel. Dog'wood.) 
 
 1. C. florida., L. (Dwarp Cornel. BuncIh-berby.) Most abun- 
 dant on the river bluffs, but frequently met with on the flats back from the 
 river. March, April and May. 
 
 2. C serieea, h. (Silky Cornel. Kinnikinniok.) Bare. June. 
 Med. prop. Both the florida and serieea may be used as tonics and astrin- 
 ';gents, 
 
 3. C asperifolla, Michx. (Eough-lbaveb Dogwood.) 
 
 4. C. panlculata, L'Her. (Panicled Cornel.) Bather rare. 
 May. 
 
 5. C. alternifolia, L. (Altebnate-leayed Cornel.) Bare. 
 May. , , 
 
 3. WYSSA, L. (Tupelo. Peppebidge. Sour Gum-tree.) 
 
 1. IV. multiflora. Common; woods. The timber is not valuable. 
 Thirty to fifty feet high. 
 
 Order 37. CAPKIFOLIACEJE. (Honeysuckle 
 Family.) 
 
 1. SYMPHOBICARPUS, Dill. (Snowbeeby.) 
 
 1. 8. occidentalis, B. Brown. (Wolpberey.) August. 
 .2. S. racemosus, Michx. (Bnowbeery.) May. 
 
 2. liOlTICERA, L. (Honeysuckle. Woodbine.) 
 
 1, I/. seiQperf Irens, Ait. ^Trumpet. Honeysuckle.) A few 
 inpiecifljejis pf tjijs plant have been found. May. 
 
STATE GEOLOGIST. 268 
 
 3. TRIOSTEIIM, L. (Fevee-wokt. Hobsb-gentian.) 
 
 1. T. perfoliattim, L. Common. Med. prop. The bark of the 
 roots acts as an emetic and cathai-tic. April and May, 
 
 4. SAMBrCUS, Tourn. (Elder.) 
 
 1. St. Canadensis, L. (Comuon Elder.) Common. May and 
 June. Med. Prop.:# The flowers, in the form of a poultice are gently 
 excitant and sudorific, and the berries act as an aperient. 
 
 5. VIBURNUM, L. (Arrow-wood. Laurestinus.) 
 
 1. V. lentago, L. - (Sweet Viburnum. Sheep Berry.) April 
 and May. 
 
 2. T. pi'UnlfoUum, L. (Black Haw.) Bather rare. April and 
 May. 
 
 3. T. prunifolium Var. ferruginenui. Leaves ovate to oval 
 and rusty beneath, shining above. May. 
 
 4. V. dentatnin, L. (Arrow-wood.) Bather common. Moist 
 thickets. May and June. 
 
 6. v. molle, Michx, June. 
 
 6. V. aceriiblium, L. (Maple-leaved A. Dockmackie.) 
 
 Oeder 38. KUBIACEiE (Madder Family.) 
 
 1. GAIilUM, L. (Bedstraw. Cleavers.) 
 
 1. G. Apai'iue, L. (Cleavers. Goose-orass.) Quite commoo. 
 White. April. 
 
 2. O. asprellum, Mickx. (Bough Bedstraw.) July. 
 
 3. O. COIlCinniini, Torr. and Gray. May. 
 
 4. O. trlfldum, L. (Small Bedstraw.) June. 
 
 5. Q. trlfldnni Var. tinctorlnm. May. 
 
 6. O. trlfldum. (Var. Latifolium.) June. 
 
 7. G. trlflorum, Michx. (Sweet-scented Bedstraw.) June. 
 
 8. O. circsezans, Michx. (Wild Liquorice.) May and June. 
 
 9. G. unifloruiii, Michx. May. 
 
 . 3. SPEBMACOCE, L. (Button Weed.) 
 1. S. glabea, Michx. May and June. 
 
 3. CEPHAliAJfTHUS, L. (Button Bush.) 
 
 1. C. OCCidentallS, L. Bather common. June and July. Med. 
 Prop.: Used as a tonic and laxative. 
 
264 •REPORT OF 
 
 4. MITCHELiIiA, L. (Partridge Bekey.) 
 
 1. M. repeus. Common. Woods, about the roots of trees. May 
 and June. 
 
 5. HOUSTOXIA, L. (Houstonia.) 
 
 1. H. purpurea, L. Common. Moist meadows. April and May. 
 
 2. H. ceernlea, L. (Bluets. Dwarf Pink. Innocence.) Plen- 
 tiful. Wet grounds. April and May. 
 
 Order 39. TAIiFRIAlVAOElJE:. (Valerian Family.) 
 
 1. VAIERIAXA, Tourn. (Valerian.) 
 
 1. V. pauciflora, Michx. Common. Moist woods. Root leaves 
 heart-shaped. May. 
 
 2. V. sylvatioa, Richards. Damp woods. May. 
 
 3. FEDI4. (Corn Salad. Lamb-Lettuce.) 
 
 1. F. olitorla, Vahl. Abundant. Escaped from cultivatiou. Adv. 
 from Eu. April and May. 
 
 Orde-r 40, MPISACE^k (Teasel Family.) 
 
 1, UIPSACUS, Tourn. (Teasel.) 
 
 1. D. SEylvesteis, Mill. (Wk-d Teasel.) JVery common. June 
 m& July. Nat. from Eu. 
 
 Order 41. COMPOSITJE. (Composite Family.) 
 
 1. VERNONIA, Schreb. (Iron Weed.) 
 
 1. Tfoveboraccusls, Wild. Very common, and a, great nuisance 
 in pastures, as it is very hard to exterminate. Summer months. 
 
 S. EliEPHAWTOPUS, L. (Elephant's foot.) 
 
 1. E. Carollnlanus, Wild. Common — Creek and river banks. 
 August and September. 
 
 3. ErPATOBirai, Tourn. (Thoroughwort Boneset.) 
 
 1. E. purpurlum, L. (Joe-Eye Weed. Trumpet Weed.) 
 Bather common. August. < 
 
 2. E. flstulosuin, Barratt. (Trumpet Wee^ ) See Wood's 
 Botany for description. August. 
 
STATE GEOLOGIST. 265 
 
 3. Xi. perfoliatuni, L. (Thosouohwokt Boneset.) Common; 
 fieldi and woods. July and August to October. 
 
 4. E. serotinnni, Michx. August and Septemher. 
 
 5. E. ageratoldeis, (White Snake-eoot.) August and Sep- 
 tember. 
 
 t 
 
 4. ASTER, L. (Starwoet Asteb.) 
 
 1. A. nndtllatus, (Vae. aspbeulus.) See "Wood's Botany for 
 description. October. 
 
 2. A. SllortU, Bott. September. 
 
 3. A. cordlfolitis, L. September. 
 
 4. A. erlcoldes, L. September. 
 
 6. A. tennlfisliiis, L. November. 
 
 5. ERIGERON, L. (Fleabane.) 
 
 1. E. Oanadcnse^ L. (Hoese-weed. Butterweed.) Common. 
 August and September. 
 
 2. E. belUdlfoliuin, Muhl. (Bobin'^ Plantain.) 
 
 3. E. Plilladelplticum, L- (Common Fleabane.V Medical 
 Prop. : either bellidifolium or Philadelphici<tm, will make a pleasant diu- 
 retic. 
 
 4 E. aillinni, Pers. (Daisy Fi-eabanb. Sweet Scabious.) This 
 ix a very troublesome weed in meadows. Very common. May to August. 
 
 5. E. strlg^siiiii, Muhl. (Daisy Fleabane.) Plentiful. Juno 
 to August. 
 
 6. DIPIiOPAPPUS, Cass. (DOWBIE-BRISTLED ASTEK.) 
 
 1. D. limbellatus, Torr. & Gray. August. 
 
 7. BOIiTONIA, L'Her. (Bottonia.) 
 1. R. glastlfolia. August. 
 
 8. SOL.IDAGO, L. (Goiden-eod.) 
 
 1. S. pctlolarls. Ait. September and October. 
 
 2. S. Ciesla, L. September. 
 
 3. 8. pilberilla, Nutt. August and September. 
 
 4. S. argiita. Ait. June. 
 
 6. S. altlNSlina, L. August and September. 
 
 6. 8. Illinlfolia^ Muhl. August and September. 
 
 7. S. pllosn, Walt. September. 
 
 8. 8. iicmoralis. Ait. September. 
 
 9. S. Canadensis, L. August. 
 
 10. S. gigantca. Ait. August and September. 
 
 11. S. lanceolata, L. August. 
 
266 REPOBT OF 
 
 9. llVUIiA, L. (Elecampane.) 
 
 1. I. Helenilim, L. (Common Elecampane.) June and July. 
 Eu. Med. prop.: Tonic and gently stimulant. 
 
 > 
 10. PliUCIEEA, Cass. (Marsh Fleabane.) 
 
 1. P. foetida, DC. Eatlier common. August. 
 
 11. POIiYMlVIA, L. (Leaf-Cup.) 
 1. P. VTedalia, L. August. 
 
 IS. PARTHENIUM, L. (Paethenium.) 
 1. P. integrifolium, L. June. 
 
 13. AMBROSIA, Toum. (Ragweed.) 
 
 1. A. artemisisefolia, Michx. A great nuisance in fields and 
 gardens. August. 
 
 2. A. ti'ifida, L. (Great Kagweed.) Quite common. August. 
 
 3. A. psilostacliya, DC. River banks. June. 
 
 14. XAIVTHIUM, Tourn. (Cocklebur.) 
 
 1. X. strumariuiii, L. (Common Cocklebur.) Common, road- 
 sides and fields. August and September. 
 
 2. X. spinosilin, L. Kat. Trop. Amer. 
 
 15. ECI.IPTA, L. (Eclipta.) 
 
 1. E. procumbeus or alba, Michx. August. 
 
 16. HEIilOPlSIS, Pers. (Ox-eye.) 
 
 1. H. liBTiS, Pers. July and August. 
 
 2. H. ISBTiS, Var. scabra. Rather common. June to October. 
 
 17. RUDBECKIA, L. (Cone-flower.) 
 
 1. B. lacinlata, L. August and September. 
 
 2. B. speciosa, Wenderoth. August. 
 
 3. B. birta, L. Getting quite common in our meadows. June and 
 July. 
 
 18. HEIilAXTHUS, L. (Sun Flower.) 
 
 1. H. annnus, L. (Common Sunflower.) This is sparingly 
 escaped from cultivation. 
 
 2. H. mlcrocepbalus, Torr. and Gray. August 
 
STATE GEOLOGIST. 267 
 
 19. COREOPSIS, L. (TicKSEED.) , 
 
 1. C. tripteris, L. (Fall Coreopsis.) August. 
 
 2. C arguta, Ph. August. 
 
 80. BID£NS, L. (Bure-Mabigold.) 
 
 1. B. frondosa, L. (Common Beggar Ticks.) August. 
 
 2. B. connata, Muhl. (Swamp Beggar Ticks.) September. 
 
 3. B. bipinnata, L. (Spanish Needles.) Common. July and 
 August. 
 
 SI. BTSODIA, Cav. (Fetid Marigold.) 
 1. B. crysantliemoides. Lag. August. 
 
 as. HELiESflCM, L. (Sjsteeseweed.) 
 
 1. H. atitumnalc, L. August. 
 
 2. II. Bracbypoda. August. 
 
 83. MABIJTA, Cass. (May-weed.) 
 
 1. COtnla, DC. (Common May-weed.) Common along roadsides. 
 May to July. ' 
 
 84. ACHIIilEA, L. (Yarrow.) 
 
 1. A. millefolium, L. (Common Yarrow Milfoil.) Waste 
 places. May and June. Med. prop.: A mild aromatic tonic and 
 astringent. 
 
 85. liEUCANTHEMFM, Tourn. (Ox-eye.) 
 
 1. Ij. volgare, Lam. (Ox-eye or White Daisy. White Weed.) 
 June. Nat. from Eu. 
 
 86. TASTACETrM, L. (Tansy.) 
 
 1. T. VDLGARE, L. (Common Tansy.) Escaped to the woods, pro- 
 bably from cultivation. Adv. from Eu. 
 
 87. GNAPHAI.IIJM, L. (Cudweed.) 
 
 1. G. uliginosnm, L. (Low Cudweed.) Bather common. 
 Scales about flower, yellowish to brown. May. 
 
 88. AWTEXNARIA, Gsertn. (Everlasting.) 
 
 1. A. plantaginifolia, Hook. (Plantain-leaved Eveblast- 
 IWG.) Common, edges of woods. April and May. 
 
268 MEPOBT OF 
 
 89. ERECHTHITES, Eaf. (Fireweed.) 
 1. E. llieracifolia, Kaf. (Fireweed.) August and September. 
 
 30. CACALIA, L. (Indian Plantain.) 
 
 1. C. renifbrmls, Muhl. (Great Indian Plantain.) June and 
 July. 
 
 2. C. artlpIiciroUa, L. (Pale Indian P.) August. 
 
 31. SEBTECIO, L. (Groundsel.) 
 
 1. S. aureus, L. (Golden Ragwort. S<4uaw Weed.) One of 
 the earliest flowera, and very plentiful. Color, yellow. March and April. 
 
 2. S. aureus. (Var. Obvatus.) April. 
 
 32. CIRSI1JM, Tourn. (Common Plumed Thistle.) 
 
 1. C altiselmum. Scop. (Common Thistle.) Very abundant. 
 Nat. from Eu. 
 
 2. C lauceolatum, Spreng. Woods. Bather rare. August. 
 
 33. OlVOPORDOKTjVaill. (Cotton or Scotch Thistle.) 
 
 1. O. acanthium, L. Bather an attractive plant. Bare. June and 
 July. Adv. from Eu. 
 
 34. liAPPA, Tourn. (Burdock.) 
 
 1. X<. officinalis, Allioni. Common. Grows everywhere. A great 
 trouble to farmers, as the burs get into the wool of their sheep. Bemedy s 
 Dig up and hum the plant. Summer. Nat. from Eu. 
 
 35. HIERACIim, Tourn. (Hawkweed.) 
 
 1. n. Canadense, Michx. (Canada Hawkweed.) August and 
 September. 
 
 2. H. OronoTli, L. (Hairy H.) August. 
 
 36. ]y ABALilTS, Cass. (Battlesnake Boot.) 
 
 1. "S. altlssimus. Hook. September. 
 
 2. ST. asper, Torr. and Gr. August. 
 
 37. TARAXACUM, Haller. (DiANDEHON.) 
 
 1. T. Dens-leonis, Desf. (Common Dandelion.) Grows every- 
 where. April to the end of the flowering season. Med. Prop. : Slightly 
 tonic, diuretic and aperient. It is somewhat used as a substitute for coffee. 
 
STATE OEOLOGIST. 
 
 SS. IiACTrCA, Tourn. (Lettuce.) 
 
 1. li. Canadensis, L. (WtLD Lettuce.) Common. June. 
 
 2. li. Canadensis, Var. Inteqbifolia. Torr. and Gray. June. 
 
 3. li. Canadensis, Var. Sanguinea. Torr. and Gray. June. 
 This last species is rare. 
 
 39. MlJIiGEDIUlfl, Cass. (Fame or Blue Lettuce.) 
 
 1. M. Icncophseum, DC. August. 
 
 40. SOWCIirS, L. (Sow-Thistle.) 
 
 1. fS. OLERACEUS, L. (Common Sow Thistle.) Common in old 
 meadows and along fences. May. Nat. from Eu. 
 
 2. S. ASPER, Vill. (Sping-Leaved S.) Bather rare. June. 
 
 Oeder 42. liOBfililACEii:. (Lobelia Family.) 
 
 1. I^OBEIilA, L. (Lobelia.) 
 
 1. li. cardinalls, L. (Cardinal Flower.) Rather plentiful- 
 Moist places, especially woods. August and September. 
 
 2. Li. syphilitica, L. (Great Lobelia.) Wet places. Common. 
 August and September. 
 
 3. li. pnberula, Michx. July and August. 
 
 4. li. Icptostacliys, A. DC. ,Eare. June. 
 
 5. li. inliata, L. (Indian Doctor.) Common. July to Septem- 
 ber. Med. Prop. : Is a powerful emetic, and it also has narcotic powers. 
 Its effect on the system is much the same as tobacco. 
 
 6. li. spicala. Lam. September. 
 
 Obdek43. CAIWPAirUIiACEiE. (Campanula Family.) 
 
 1. CAMPA9rUIi4, Tourn. (Bell Flower.) 
 
 1. C. Americana, Tourn. (Fall Bell Flower.) Plentiful 
 June and July. 
 
 2. SPECrL4RI4, Heister. (Venus Looking-Glass.) 
 1. S. perfoliata> A. DC. Rather common. Dry grounds. May, 
 
 Order 44. EltlCACE^. (Heath Family.) 
 
 1. GAYIirSSACI.4, H. B. K. (Huckleberry.) 
 
 1. ©. resinosa, Torr. and Gray. (Blacs Huckleberry.) Quite 
 plentiful in the woods. April and May. 
 
270 REPORT OF 
 
 S. MOIVOTROPA, L. (Indian Pipb. Pine Sap.) 
 
 1. M. nniflora L. (Indian Pipe. Cobpse-Plant.) Plant white 
 throughout. Very delicate and pretty; resembles wax. Not abundant. 
 July to September. 
 
 Order 45. AQ1JIFOL.IACEiE. (Holly Family.) 
 
 1. IIiEX, L. (Ilex and Pbinos, L.) (Holly.) 
 
 1. I. mollis. Gray. Bather rare. June. 
 2. I. Terticillata, Gray. (Black Alder. Winterberry.) 
 
 Order 46. EBEWACE^. (Ebony Family.) 
 
 1. DIOSPYBUS, L. (Date-Plum; Persimmon.) 
 
 1. I>. Virglniana, L. (Common Persimmon.) Plentiful. Moist 
 places and flat fields, and woods. April. 
 
 Order 47. PI.AlJfTACJIIS'ACEJE. (Plantain Family.) 
 
 1. PLiANTAGO, L. (Plantain. Rib Grass.) 
 
 1. P. Major, L. (Common Plantain.) Very plentiful. July. 
 Nat. from Eu. 
 
 , 2. P. lanccolata, L. (Eib Grass. Eipple Grass. English 
 Plantain.) Meadows. Somewhat common. August, and September. 
 
 Order 48. PRIMUIiACE^. (Primrose Family.) 
 
 1. DODECATHEOW, L. (American Cowslip.) 
 
 1. D. lleadia, L. Eocky woods. Quite plentiful. April and 
 May. 
 
 a. I^YSIMACHIA, Tourn. (Goose-stripe.) 
 
 1. Li. qnadrifolia, L. May and June. 
 
 2. Li. ciliata, L. June and July. 
 
 3. Li. lanceolata, Walt. Common. Wet meadows. June. 
 
 4. Li. lanceolata, Var. Hybrida. 
 
 5. Li. louglfolia, Pursh. July. 
 
 3. ANAGALiLilS, Tourn. (Pimpernel.) 
 
 1. A. arvensis, L. (Common Pimpernel.) Bare. August, 
 
STATE GEOLOGIST. 271 
 
 4. CEBTTIJBrClJtUS, L. (Chaffweed.) 
 1. C minimus, L. Common. Hay. 
 
 5. SiMOIJUS, L. (WnsfTEB Pimpernel. Bhookweed.) 
 
 1. S. Valerandi, L. Bather common. Wet places. May to 
 July. 
 
 Order 49. BIOlVOlM'IACEilE:. (Bignonia Family.) 
 
 1. TECOMA, Ju89. (Trumpet Floweb.) 
 1. F. radicans, Jusb. (Trempet Cbeepeb.) 
 
 Order 50. OBOBAIVCHACGJEi. (Broom Eape Family.) ' 
 
 1. EPIPHEGUS. Nutt. (Beech Drops.) (Cancbr-koot.) 
 
 1. E. Tirginiana, Bart. Very common in[ the woods. September 
 and October. 
 
 3. COIWOPHOLIS, Wallroth. (Squaw-root.) 
 
 1. C Americana, Wallroth. Bather plentiful in the woods. 
 Looks very much like a cone. It is a parasite. April and May. 
 
 3. APHYJLIiOW, Mitchell. (Naked Brown-kape.) 
 
 1. A. uniflortim. (One-flowered Canceb-Iioot.) Is reported 
 as being found in the woods. It is rare. 
 
 Order 61. SCROPHVI^ARIACEiE. (Figwort 
 Family.) 
 
 1. VEBKASCUM, L. (Mullein.) 
 
 1. T. thapsns, L. (Common Mullein.) Very plentiful and quite 
 troublesome. June and July. 
 
 2. V. blattaria, L. (Moth M.) Not scarce. June. 
 
 8. L.nrARIA, Tourn. (Toad Flax.) 
 
 1. li. vnlgaris, Mill. (Toad Flax. Butter and Egos Eamsted.) 
 Common. May to July and September. Med. Prop.: Diuretic and 
 cathartic. 
 
 8. SCROPmiliARIA, Tourn. (Figwort.) 
 
 1. S. nodosa, L. July and August, 
 
272 REPORT OF 
 
 4. COLLIIVSIA, Nutt. (CoLLiNsiA.) 
 
 1. C. Terna, Nutt. Damp woods and thickets. Plentiful. April 
 and May. 
 
 5. CKEIiOIVE, Tourn. (Ttjrtle-head. S^ake-Head.) 
 1. C. glabra, L. Eare. September and October. 
 
 6. PEafTSTEMOW, Mitchell. (Beard-tongue. Pentslemon.) 
 
 1. P. pnbesceuS) Solander. Common. Eocky bluffs. May to 
 July. 
 
 2. P. digitalis, Nutt. , The presence of this species is somewhat 
 doubtful. Jiuie. 
 
 7. MIMUI/US, L. (MONKEY-FLOWEE.) 
 
 1. M. ringens, L. Commun. Wet places. June and July. 
 
 2. M. alatUS, Ait. July. 
 
 8. COJVOBEA, Aublet. 
 
 1. C. mnltiflda, Benth. August. 
 
 9. GRATIOIiA, L. (Hedge Hyssop.) 
 
 1. G. virginiana, L. Leaves toothed toward apex and entire at 
 bnse. Tube of flnwer stri|ied with purple lines. May. 
 
 2. G. spliaerocarpa. Ell. Found growing in water. May. 
 
 3. O. viscosa, Schyeinitz. Eather plentiful. All the specimens we 
 have found have the peduncle a little longer than the leaves. 
 
 10. ILiYSABfTIIES, Eaf. 
 
 1. I. gratioloides, Benth. (False Pimpernel.) July to Sep- 
 tember. Wet places. 
 
 11. TERONICA, L. (Speedwell.) 
 
 1. V. virginlca, L. (Culver's Boot. Culver's Physic.) Bather 
 rare. August. Med. Prop.: Emetic and cathartic. 
 
 2. V. Americana, Schweinitz. (American Brookltme.) August. 
 
 3. v. officinalis, L. (Common Speedwell.) Grassy woods and 
 meadows. Common. May. 
 
 4. V. serpyllifolla, L. (Thyme-leaved Speedwell.) April 
 and May. 
 
 5. V. pcrcgrina, L. (Neckweed. Purslane Speedwell.) 
 Common. April and May. 
 
 6. T. ARVENSis, L. (Corn Speedwell.) Common. >April and 
 May, Nat. from Eu. 
 
STATE GEOLOGIST. 273 
 
 13. SCYMERIA, Pursh. (Seymeria.) 
 
 1. S. inacropIiyUa< Nutt. (Mullein. Foxglove.) August. 
 
 13. CiERlBUIA, L. (Gebardia.) 
 
 1. Q. anriculata, Michx. August. 
 
 2, Cr. flava, L. (Downy False Foxglove.) August. 
 
 14. PEDICriiARIS. Tourn. (Lousewort.) 
 
 1. P. Canadensis, L. (Common Lousewort.) Somewhat rare. 
 April and Maj. 
 
 Order 52. ACAIVTHACE^. (AcANTHrs Family.) 
 
 1. DIANTHERA, Gronov. (Water Willow.) 
 1. D. Americana, L. Eiverbank. June. 
 
 a. RUEIililA, L. 
 
 1. R. ciliosa, Pui-sh. June. 
 
 2. R. strepcns, L. May. 
 
 Order 53. TERBEHTACEiE. (Vervain Family.) 
 
 1. VERBENA, L. (Vervain.) 
 
 1. V. Iiastata, L. (Blue Varvain.) Common. June and July. 
 
 2. T. ui'tlcifolia, L. ( Nettled-leaved or White V.) Common 
 in waste places and roadsides. June to August. Med. Prop.: Antidote 
 in poisoning with Phus. Foxicodendron. 
 
 3. V. stricta, L. (Hoary V.) July. 
 
 4. V. bracteosa, Michx. Quite common, waste places generally 
 June to September. 
 
 3. PHRYMA, L. (Lopseed.) 
 
 1. p. I^eptostacbya, L. Somewhat common— woods. June to 
 August. 
 
 Order 54. IjABIAT^. (Mint Family.) 
 
 1. TEUCRIIJM, L. (Germander.) 
 1. T. Canadense, L. (Americ-jIn Germander.) June. 
 
 3. HYPTIS, L. 
 
 1. H. Radiata, Willd. July. 
 S. G. E.— 18 
 
274 REPORT OF 
 
 3. ISAIVTHUS, Minx. (False Pennyroyal.) 
 1. I. caenilens, Michx. Dry woods, and plentiful. August to 
 
 October. 
 
 4. HEIVTHA, L. (Mint.) 
 
 1. M. vraiDis, L. (Spearmint.) Common. Wet places. Leaves 
 sessile. July to September. Adv. from Eu. 
 
 2. M. piPiRiTA, L. (Peppermint.) Wet places. Common. Leaves 
 petiolate. July to September. Adv. from Eu. 
 
 3. M. SATivA, L. (Whorled Mint.) August. Adv. from Eu. 
 
 4. M. arvensis, L. (Corn Mint.) Aug. Adv. from Eu. 
 
 5. IiYCOPUS, L. (Water Horehound.) 
 
 1. I/. Vlrginicus, L. (Bugle-weed.) August. 
 
 2. li. Enropicus, L. August. 
 
 3. Li. Enropseus, Var. integrifolius. August. 
 
 4. Ii. Europsens, Var. sinuatus. August. 
 
 6. PYCNANTBTEMUM, Michx. (Mountain Mint. Basil.) 
 
 1. I*. lil.nceoIa.tnin, Pursh. Rare. Flower aggregated into a 
 head, resembling the Gompositoe. June to July. 
 
 7. CAI-AmiyTHA, Moench. (Caliminth.) 
 
 1. C glabella, Var. Nuttallii. Gray. August and September. 
 
 2. C. dinopodinm, Benth. (Basil.) August. 
 
 8. MEMSSA, L. (Balm.) 
 1. M. officinalis, L. (Common Balm.) Bare. June and July. 
 
 9. IIEDEOMA, Pers. (Mock Penneroyal.) 
 
 1. H. Pulegioides, Pers. (American Penneroyal.) 
 
 10. COIiMBTSOJriA, L. (Horse Mint.) 
 
 1. C. Canadensis, L. (Kich Weed. Stone Boot.) August to 
 September. 
 
 11. SAtYIA, L. (Sage.) 
 
 1. S. lyrata, L. (Lyre-leaved Sage.) Not plentiful. May. 
 
 IS. MOIVARDA, L. (Horse Mint.) 
 
 1. M. fistulosa, L. (Wild Bersamot.) Quite common. Eooky 
 woods. May and June. 
 
STATE GEOLOGIST. 275 
 
 2. 'SI. Bradbnrlaiia, Beck. Calix, hairy within and without 
 Bracts, ciliate, and strongly cuspidate. Upper lip of corolla, densely 
 bearded; also, the outer surface of corolla. The lateral lobes of the lower 
 lip of the corolla, each marked with a darle purple stop at the juncture 
 with the middle lobe, and also, lighter spots in other places. 
 
 Eemabk. — This might probably be called, a variety of Bradhuriana. 
 Sare. June. 
 
 13. Bl<X:PH:rLI4, Eaf. (Blephilia.) 
 
 1. B. birsilta, Benth. See both Wood and Gray, for description of 
 this species. The only flowers of the specimen, we have found, were pure 
 while, with the exception of a few purple spots. Rare. June. 
 
 14. tOPHASTTHlJS, Benth. (Giant Hysop.) _ 
 
 1. Li. nepetoides, Benth. August. 
 
 2. li. scroplinlaritefolins, Benth. August. 
 
 15. JVEPETA, L. (Cat-mint.) 
 
 1. Sf. CATARIA, L. (Catnip.) Common. Dry grounds. June and 
 July. Med. prop. : Tonic and stimulant. 
 
 2. N. GLECHOMA, Benth. (Gbouni) Ivy. Gill.) Abundant. Wonfls 
 and lately cleared fields. Spreads rapidly. Med. prop.: Gently stimu- 
 lant and tonic ; not much used. March to May. Eu. 
 
 16. SYWAIVBBA, Nutt. (Synandba.) 
 
 1. S. grandiflora, Nutt. Stamens beset with red hairs, and c6rol1a 
 streaked with pinkish lines. Very pretty. May. 
 
 17. PHYSOSTEGI4, Benth. (False Deagon Head.) 
 1. P. Tirginiana, Benth. August. 
 
 18. BBUNEIiliA, Tourn. (Self-heal.) 
 
 1. B. TUlgarls, L. (Common Self-heal, or Heal-all. Blue 
 Curls.) 
 
 19. SCrTEtliABIA, L. (Scull-cap.) 
 
 1. S. versicolor. Nutt. Eare. June. 
 
 2. S. nerTOSa« Pursh. Scarce. May and Jnne. 
 
 3. S. lateriflora L, (Mad-dog S.) July and August. 
 
 20. MABBUBIUM, L. (Hobehound.) 
 
 1. M. vulgaee, L. (Common Horehound.) Common. Dry hill- 
 sides. Nat. from Eu. May and June. 
 
276 REPORT OF 
 
 21. GAIiEOPSIS, L. (Hemp Nettle.) 
 
 L G. Tetrahit, L. (Common Hemp Nettle.) June. Nat. from 
 En. 
 
 S3. lEOlVmirS, L. (Mothekwoet.) 
 
 1. li. CABDiACA. Commencing to enoape to woods, streets, and road- 
 sides. Nat. from Eu. June. 
 
 S3. STACHYS, L. (Hedge Nettle.) 
 
 1. S. pallistris, Var. Aspera. June. 
 
 8. S. palnstris, Var. Cordota. Plentiful. June. 
 
 34. lAMIUM, L. (Dead Nettle.) 
 
 1. I/. AMPLEXICATJLE, L. Common in fields near a river. March 
 to June. Nat. from Bo. 
 
 Order 55. BOKBAC3IJ¥ACEJE. (Borage Family.) 
 
 1. lYCOPSIS, L. (BuGLoss.) 
 
 1. li. AEVENSis, L. (Small Bugloss.) August. Eu. 
 
 3. SYMPHYTUM, Tourn. (Comfbey.) 
 
 1. 8. OFFICINALE, L. (CoMMON CoMFBEY.) Plentiful. Dry woods. 
 April and May. Adv. from Europe. 
 
 3. MTHOSPERMUM, Tourn. (Groomwell. PnccooN.) 
 1. li. latlfolium, Michx. May. 
 
 4. MERTEBfSIA, Eoth. (Smooth Lungwort.) 
 
 1. M. Vlrginica, DC. (Virginian Cowslip, or Lungwort.) 
 Woods. On hillsides facing the south. Flowers, various shades of color, 
 from pink to blue. March. 
 
 5. MYOSOTIS, L. (Scorpton-qsass. Forget-me-not.) 
 
 1. M. palnstris. Withering. (TuuE Fobget-me-not.) August. 
 
 2. M. Terna, Nutt. Bare. May. 
 
 6. CYNOGIiOSSUM, Tourn. (Hound's Tongue.) 
 
 1. C. officinale, L. (Common Hound's Tongue.) Common on 
 poor and rocky soils. April. 
 
 2. C Tirginicum, L. (Wild Comfrey^) Doubtful.) 
 
 3. C. Morrisoili, DC. (Beggar Lice.) Abundant. Woods. 
 June to August. 
 
STATE GEOLOGIST. 277 
 
 Ordee 56. IIYI>ROPMYr.I.A.€i:.aE:. (Waterleai' 
 
 Family.) 
 
 1. HYDROPHYLtUM, L. (Watbrleaf.) 
 
 1. H. macroptayllum, Nutt. Plentiful. Woods. April to 
 June. 
 
 2. H. Canadense, L. Bather rare. Moist woods. June. 
 
 3. H. appeudiculatum, Michx. Not plentiful. April. 
 
 2. PH4CEI.IA. Joss. 
 1. P. blpinnatiflda, Michx. Abundant. Moist hillsides April. 
 
 Order 57. POIiEBIOlflACEJE. (Polemonium 
 Family.) « 
 
 1. POIiEMOSriirM, Tourn. (Greek Valerian.) 
 
 1. P. rcptans, L. Varies much in color, even on the same plant. 
 Blue and white prevail. March to May. 
 
 a. PHIiOX, L. (Phloy.) 
 
 1. P. panicnlata, L. June. 
 
 2. P. panlculata, Var. Acuminata. Rich woods. June. 
 
 3. P. macnlata, L. (Wild Sweet William.) June. 
 
 4. P. glaberrima, L. Common. Flat woods and meadows. 
 June to July. 
 
 5. P. ptloso, L. June. 
 
 6. P. procuinbens, Lehm. June and July. 
 
 7. P. divarlcata, L. Eiver hills. Petals vary from deeply 
 lobed to simply toothed. March and .April. 
 
 8. P. divarlcata, Var. Laphamii. April and May. 
 
 Order 58. COWVOJLVUIiACiEE. (Convolvulus 
 
 Family.) 
 
 1. IP0IM[0£4, L. (Morning Glory.) 
 
 1. I. PURPUREA, Lam. (Common Morning Glory.) Found some- 
 what escaped, but more frequently cultivated. Adv. from trop. Amer. 
 June. 
 
 2. I. Nil, Eoth. (Smaller M.) Fields, especially along the river. 
 Very common. August. 
 
 3. I. lacuuosa, L. August. 
 
 4 I. lacunosa. Var. Alpha. We have a plant or vine growing 
 spontaneously in our gardens, that is probably a variety of lacunosa. 
 This we call Alpha, August. 
 
278 REPORT OF 
 
 5. I. pandurata, Meyer. (Wild Potato-vine. Man op the 
 Eabth.) Eather common. Woods and river banks. June and July. 
 
 3. CAIiYSTEGIA, E. Br. (Bbacted Bindweed.) 
 1. C. sepium, E. Br. (Hedge Bindweed.) 
 
 3. CUSCUTA, Tourn. (Dodder.) 
 
 1. C. GronoTli, Wild. August. 
 
 2. C, compacta, Juss. August and September. 
 
 3. C. glomerata, Choisq. August. 
 
 Order 59. SOE.AlJi'ACEJE. (^S'ightshade Family.) 
 
 1. SOIiAJrtJM, Tourn. (Nightshade.) 
 
 1. S. Dulcamara, L. (Bittersweet.) Eare. May and June. Med. 
 Prop. : Possesses feeble narcotic properties, with the power of increasing 
 the secretions. Nat. from Eu. 
 
 2. S. NIGRUM, L. (Common Nightshade.) Common. Fields an 
 copses. Said to be poisonous. June to November. Nat. from Eu. 
 
 3. S. Carollnense, L. (Horse-nettle.) Common. Fields. May 
 to July. 
 
 2. PHTSAIilS, L. (Ground Cherry.) 
 
 1. P. pnbescens, L. Not common. June. 
 
 2. P. Pbiladelpliica, Lam. June. 
 
 3. P. Tiscosa, L. Summer months. 
 
 4. P. Pennsylvaulca, L. June. 
 
 3. liYCIUM, Duval. (Matrimony Vine.) 
 
 1. Ii. VULG-ABE, Duval. Just Commencing to escape from cultivation. 
 May. Adv. from Eu. 
 
 4. DATURA, L. (Jamestown Weed. Thorn Apple.) 
 
 1. I>. Stramonium, L. (Jimson Weed or Thorn Apple.) Plenti- 
 ful. June to October. Adv. from Asia. 
 
 2. I>. Tatula, L. (Purple T.) June to August. Adv. from trop. 
 Amer. Med. Prop. : Stramonium and Tatula are powerful narcotics, 
 and in large doses a violent poison. In the hands of a skillful physician, 
 these herbs may be used beneficially in many diseases. 
 
 Order 60. OEWTIAXACEJE. (Gentian Family.) 
 
 1. SABBATIA, Adans. (American Centaury.) 
 1. S. angularis, Fursh. August. 
 
STATE GEOLOaiST. 279 
 
 a. GEBfTIANA, L. (Gentian.) 
 
 1. ©. Andrewsii, Griseb. (Closed Gentian.) Plentiful. Wet, 
 flat ground. September and October, Used in making bitters. 
 
 3. OBOIiARIA, L. (Obolabia.) 
 
 1. O. Tirginica, L. Eare. Only one specimen has been found, and 
 in this the petals seemed to be convolute in their arrangement. April 17th. 
 
 Oeder 61. APOCYHTACE^. (Dogbane Family.) 
 1. APOCYWUM, Tourn. (Dogbane. Indian Hemp.) 
 
 1. A. androssemlfolium, L. (Speeading Dogbane.) June. 
 Rather scarce. Med. Prop. : Boot acts as an emetic. 
 
 2. A. cannabinum, L. (Indian Hemp.) Plentiful. Eiver bank 
 and fields. June to September. 
 
 Order 62. ASCLEPI4BACEJE. (Milkweed Family.) 
 1. ASCIiEPIAS, L. (Milkweed. Silkweed.) 
 
 1. A. Cornuti, Deoaisne. (Common Milkweed ob Silkweed.) 
 Common. Grows everywhere. June and July. 
 
 2. A. pliytolaccoldes, Pursh. (Poke Milkweed.) June. 
 
 3. A. piirpurascens, L. (Pubple M.) Bare. June. 
 
 4. A. qnadril'olla, Jacq. (Foue-leavbd M.) Plentiful. April 
 and May. 
 
 5. A. incarnata, L. (Swamp Milkweed.) August. 
 
 6. A. Incarnata. Var. pulchra. August. 
 
 7. A. perennls, Walt. 
 
 8. A. varlegata. Var. nivea. June. 
 
 2. EWSIiEBTIA, Nutt. (Enslenia.) 
 1. E. albida, Nutt. Bather rare. August. 
 
 Order 63. OIiEACE^. (Olive Family.) 
 1. FBAXISTUS, Tourn. (Ash.) 
 
 1. F. Americana, L. (White Ash.) Not plentiful. Flowers 
 purple, and each subtended by a bract. The young branches much angled. 
 March. 
 
 2. F. qnadrangnlata, Michx. (Blub Ash.) March. 
 
 Order 64. AltlSTOIiOCHIACEjE. (Birthwort 
 
 Family.) 
 
 1. ASABIJ9E, Tourn. (Wild Gingeb.) 
 
 1. A. Canadense, L. Boot has somewhat the taste of ginger, and 
 quite aromatic^ March to May. 
 
280 REPORT OF 
 
 Order 65. PHYTOI.ACCACEiE. (Pokewood 
 Family.) 
 
 1. PHYTOIiACCA,#ourn. (Pokewood,) 
 
 1. P. decandra, L. (Common Poke oe Scoke. Garget. Pigeon- 
 berry.) Common. June. 
 
 Order 66. CHKIirOPOOACEiE. (Goosefoot Family.) 
 
 1. CHElVOPODirH , L. (Goosefoot. Pigweed.; 
 
 1. C- ALBUM, L. (Lamb's Quarters. Pigweed.) Common ; gardens. 
 Nat. from Eu. 
 
 2. C. ambrosioldes, L. (Mexican Tea.) August. Nat. from 
 trop. Amer. 
 
 3. CYd-OIiOMA, Moquin. (Winged Pigweed) 
 1. C platypliylluin, Moquin. August. 
 
 Order 67. AMARAWTACE^. (Amaranth Family.) 
 
 1. AMIRAIVTHUS, Tourn. (Amaranth.) 
 
 1. A. spiNosus, L. (Thorny Amaranth) Livid purple, stem and 
 mucronate leaves. , August. Nat. from trop. Amer. 
 
 2. A. MviDus, L. August. 
 
 3. MOlVTEtIA, Moquin. , (Wa3:er Hemp.) 
 1. M. tamariscina. August. 
 
 3. IRESINE, P. Browne. (Ibesine.) 
 I. I. celosioides, L. August. 
 
 Order 68. POLTGOIVACE^E. (Buckwheat Family.) 
 .1. POIiYGOJrUM. (Knotweed.) 
 
 1. P. Tareyl, Olney. August. 
 
 2. P. Pennsylvanicum, L. August. 
 
 3. P. Incarnatum, Ell. May. Glands raised on hairs. 
 
 i. P. Persicaria, L. (Lady's Thumb.) June. Nat. from Eu. 
 
 5. P. Hydropiper, L. (Common Smart Weed, or Water- 
 pepper. 
 
 6. P. acre, H. B. K. (Water Smart-weed.) June and July. 
 
 7. P. Hydropiperoides, Miehx. (Mild Water-pepper.) 
 
 8. P. Hydropipcroides, Var. Setaceae. (Wood.) Leaves and 
 irtem above more or less hispid. Wet. June. 
 
STATE GEOLOGIST. 281 
 
 9. P. ampbibium L. (Water Pebsicaria.) July. 
 
 10. I». Tirglnianum, L. Scarce. August. 
 
 11. P. aviculare, L. (Knot-grass. Goose-grass. Door-weed) 
 Common around houses. June to August. 
 
 12. P. aTlClllare, Var. ErectulSd. June and August. 
 
 13. P. ramosissimum, Michz. May. 
 
 14. P. sagittatum, L. (Halbeed-leaved. Tear Thumb, or 
 Scratch-weed.) August. 
 
 15. P. coNVOLVuiiUS, L. (Black Bindweed.) June and August. 
 Eu. 
 
 16. P. dumetorum, L. (Climbing False Buckwheat.) May 
 and June. 
 
 2. FAGOPYRim, Tourn. (Bctckwheat.) 
 
 1. F. esoulentum, Moench. (Buckwheat.) Bemaining in cultiva- 
 ted fields. August. Adv. from Eu. 
 
 3. R1JMFX, L. (DocK-soEREL.) 
 
 1. K. orbicnIatUB, G. (Great Water Dock.) Plentiful. May 
 and Juue 
 
 2. R. altissinins. Wood. (Peach-leaved D.) August. 
 
 3. R. OBTUSiFOLius, L. (Bitter Dock.) Nat. from Eu. August. 
 
 4. R. Acetosella, L. (Field, or Sheep Sorrel.) Waste places 
 and meadows. May and June. 
 
 Order 69. I..AURACEiE, Eees. (Laurel Family.) 
 
 1. SASSAFRAS, Neea. (Sassafras.) 
 
 1. S. ollicinale, Neea. Plentiful. April and May. 
 
 S. liCVDERA, Neea. (Wild Allspice. Fever-bbsh.) 
 
 1. li. Renzoln, Meianer. (Spice-bush. Benjamin Bush.) Plen- 
 tiful on river bluffs. Found growing in patches. Flowers fragant, and 
 appear before the leaves. Wood haa a apicy taste. 
 
 Order 70. liORAlVTHACfiji:. (Mistletoe Family.) 
 
 1. PHORADEIVDROIV, Nutt. (False Mistletoe.) 
 
 1. P. flavescens, Nutt. (American Mistletoe.) Found ae a 
 parasite on Elm, (Ulmus Americana,) Walnut, common Locust. Jan- 
 uary, February, and March. Med. Prop.: This plant ia little used in 
 medicine. Several deatha are recorded from eating the berries. 
 
282 REPORT OF 
 
 Order 71. SAURURACE^. (Lizard's-tail Family.) 
 
 1. SAVRVBUS. 
 
 1. S. cernnns, L. (LiZABD-TAiii.) July and August. 
 
 Order 72. ElIPHOBBIACEiE. (Spurge Family.) 
 
 1. EUPHORBIA, L. (Spurge. 
 
 1. E. macnlata, L. Common. August to November. 
 
 2. E. humistrata, Englem. August. 
 
 3. E. liypericifolia, L. Common. Gardens and fields. Summer 
 and autumn. 
 
 4. E. marglnata, Pursh. Common. The juice is very acrid and 
 pungent, and if taken in large doses, may produce death. August to 
 October. 
 
 5. corollata, L. Bare. August. 
 
 8. BICKVTS. (Castor Oil Plant.) 
 
 1. B. COMMUNIS, L. Commencing to escape into roads and streets. 
 Adv. from E. India. 
 
 Order 73. URTICACE^. (Nettle Family.) 
 
 1. UI,1IUS,L. (Elm.) 
 
 1. U. fulva, Michx. (Slippery ok Bed Elm.) Plentiful. Flowers 
 pinkish and somewhat fragrant. Thirty to fifty feet high. March. The 
 use of the bark is familiar to every one. 
 
 2. U. Americana, L. (American or White Elm.) A cjommon 
 tree in the woods. Bloom precedes the leaves, and lasts but a few days. 
 A few very odd specimens are to be seen in this county. Their peculiarity 
 consists in a monstrous enlargement of the limbs and branches at various 
 distances from each other. March. 
 
 3. MACLiVBA, N. (Osage Orange.) 
 
 1. M. aurantiaca. There seem to be a few spontaneeus specimens 
 of this shrub. May. 
 
 3. CEIiTIS, Toum. (Nettle-tree. Hackbebey.) 
 
 1. C. occidentalis, L. (Sugae-berby. Haokberry.) Plentiful. 
 Bloom greenish. March. 
 
 2. C Mississippiensis, Bosc. Very rare. We have seen but one 
 specimen. April. 
 
STATE GEOLOGIST. 283 
 
 4. MORVS, Tourn. (Mulberby.) 
 
 1. M. rubra, L. (Eed Mulberry.) A common tree in the woods. 
 April and May. 
 
 2. M. ALBA. (White Mulberry.) Found growing in the fields. 
 Rather scarce. Adv. from Eu. 
 
 5. URTICACE^, Tourn. (Nettle.) 
 1. 11. gracilis. Ait. June. 
 
 6. liAPORTEA, Gaudiohaud. (Wood Nettle.) 
 1. li. CanadenslSi Gaudichaud. Plentiful. July to September. 
 
 7. CAIVWABIS, Tourn. (Hemp.) 
 1. C. SATIVA, L. (Hemp.) July and August. Adv. from Eu. 
 
 Order 74. PliATAJTACEJE. (Plane-tree Family.) 
 
 1. PIJATAWUS, L. (PlANE-TBEE. BUTTONWOOD.) 
 
 1. P. ocddentalls, L. (American Plane or Sycamore.) Com- 
 mon. April. 
 
 Order 75. JlIOIiASTDACEJS:. (Walnut Family.) 
 
 1. JVGLAIVS, L. (Walnut.) 
 
 1. J. dncrea, L. (Butternut.) April. Med. Prop. : Butternut is 
 a mild cathartic, resembling rhubarb in its action. 
 
 2. J. nigra, L. (Black Walnut.) Plentiful; forms our most val- 
 uable timber, April and May. 
 
 3. CAUYA, Nutt. ^Hickory.) 
 
 1. C. ollvseformis, Nutt. (Peoan-nut.) There are but two speci- 
 mens of this tree found in this county ; of these one was planted, and the 
 other is probably native. May. 
 
 2. C. alba. (Shell-bark or Shag-bark Hickory.) Common. 
 April, 
 
 3. C lulcro-carpa, Nutt. (Small-fruited Hickory.) Bare. 
 May. 
 
 4. C. sulcata, Nutt. (Western Shell-bark Hickory.) April. 
 
 5. C touieiitosa. Nutt. (Mocker-nut. White-heart Hickory.) 
 
 6. C. porciua, Nutt. (Pig-nut or Broom H.) April. 
 
284 REPORT OF 
 
 Order 76. ClJPlJL,IFEIt^. (Oak Family.) 
 
 1. QUERCUS, L. (Oak.) 
 
 1. <t. alba, L. (White Oak.) April. Med. Prop. : Astringent and 
 tonic. 
 
 2. Q. bicolor, Willd. (Swamp White Oak.) Common. Moist 
 woods. April. 
 
 3. Q. prinus. Var. acuminata. Miclix. (Yellow Chestnut Oak.) 
 Scarce. 
 
 4. Q,. coccinea, Wang. (Scarlet Oak.) April. 
 
 5. Q. rubra, L. (Red Oak.) Common. April. 
 
 3. CASTAWE.4,Tourn. (Chestnut.) 
 1. C. vesca. Var. Americana, L. (Chestnut.) Not plentiful. June. 
 
 3. FAGUS, Tourn. (Beech.) 
 
 1. F. ferruginea. Ait. (American Beech.) Forms a large pro- 
 portion of our forests. March. 
 
 4. CORYIiUS, Tourn. (Hazel-nut. Filbert.) 
 
 1. C Americana, Walt. (Wild Hazel-nut.) Common. Flat 
 woods. March. 
 
 5. OSTRYA, Micheli. (Hop-Hornbeam. Iron Wood.) 
 
 1. O. Yirginica, Willd. (American Hop-Hornbeam. Lever 
 Wood.) Wood very hard. Bark shaggy. March. 
 
 6. CARPIWrS, L. (Hornbeam. Iron Wood.) 
 
 1. C Americana, Michx. (Blue, or Water JPeech.) Bark 
 (smooth. Found mostly, near running water. March. 
 
 Order 77. SAIilCACE^. (Willow Family.) 
 
 1. SALIX, Tourn. (Willow Osier.) 
 
 1. S. bumllls, Marshall. (Prairie Willow.) April. 
 
 2. S. discolor, Muhl. (Glancus W.) March. 
 
 3. S. viMiNALis, L. (Basket Osier.) April. Adv. from Eu. 
 
 4. S. nigra. Marsh. (Black W.) Common. April. 
 
 5. S. ALBA, L. (White W.) March. Adv. from Eu. 
 
 6. S. ALBA, Var. Caerulea. April. River banks. Adv. from Eu. 
 
 7. S. longlfolia, Muhl. (Long-leaved W.) June. 
 
 S. POPUmS, Tourn. (Poplar Aspen.) 
 1. P. monilif'era. Ait. (Cotton-wood. Necklace Poplar.) 
 
STATE GEOLOGIST. 286 
 
 Elver banks. Also, probably found along creeks. Height, 75 to 100 feet ; 
 diameter, 1 to 3 feet. 
 
 Order 78. ARACfiiC:. (Arum Family.) 
 
 1. ARIS^MA, Martius. (Indian Turnip.) 
 
 1. A. tripliyllum, Torr. Indian Turnip. Dragon. Arum.) 
 Common. Some specimens attain a height of three feet. April and May. 
 
 3. ACORUS, L. (Sweet-flag. Calamus.) 
 1. A. Calamus, L. Bare. 
 
 Order 79. TTPHACEiE. .(Cat-tail Family.) 
 
 1. TYPHA, Tourn. (Cat-tail Flag.) 
 
 1. T. latifoUa, L. (Common Cat-tail, or Reed Mace.) June 
 and July, 
 
 Order 80. AI..ISMACEJE. (Water Plantain Family.) 
 
 1. AlilSmA, L. (Water Plantain.) 
 
 1. A. plantago, Var. Americanum. Plentiful. August. 
 
 2. SAG ITT ARIA, L. (Arrow Head.) 
 1. S. variabilis, Engelm. Scarce. August. 
 
 Order 81. OBCIIlDAC£.^, L. (Orchis Family.) 
 
 1. ORCHIS, L. (Orchis. , 
 
 1. O. spectabllis, L. (Showy Orchis.) Rare. Slightly fragrant. 
 April and May. 
 
 3. CORAI.LORHIZA, Haller. (Cokal-koot.) 
 1. C odontoi'hiza, Nutt. Rare. April. 
 
 3. APM3CTRUM, Nutt. (Putty-root. Adam and Eve.) 
 1. A. liyemale, Nutt. Rare. May. 
 
 Order 82. AMARYLcIilDACE^. (Amaryllis Family.) 
 
 1. HYPOXYS, L. (Stab-grass.) 
 1. H. ei'Cta, L. Rare. May. 
 
REPORT OF 
 
 Oeder 38. ITSTDJLCIEM. (Ibis Family.) 
 
 1. SISYRIXCHIVM, L. (Blue-eyed Grass.) 
 
 1. "i, Bermudiana, L. June. 
 
 2. S- Bermudiana, Var. Ancepi. Plentiful. May. 
 
 Obder 84. DIOSCOREACE^. (Yam Family.) 
 
 1. DIOSCOKEA, Plumier. (Yam.) 
 
 1. D. Tillosa, L. (Wild Yam-root.) Leaves, some opposite, 4's, 
 's, or 6's. Abundant. May and June. 
 
 Order 85. SWLLACJEJS. (Smilax Family.) 
 
 1. SMIIiAX, Tourn. (Greenbrier. Catbrier.) 
 
 1. S. rotnndifolia, L; (Common Greenbrier.) Common. April 
 and May. 
 
 2. S. glaiica, Walt. June. 
 
 3. S. hispida, Muhl. Damp woods. May. 
 
 4. S. herbacese, L. (Carrion Flotver.) A, scarce vine in the 
 woods. June." 
 
 5. S. hei'bacese. Var. pulverulenta. May. 
 
 Order 86. I.TSAJLC^M. (Lily Family.) 
 
 1. TBIIiIilUM, L. (Three-leaved Nightshade.) 
 
 1. T. sessile, L. Common. There is a plant resembling this in color 
 that has the leayes in 5's, sopals 4, petals 4, stamens 8, and pistils 4. 
 Whether this variation is constant or not, we have not been able to observe. 
 March and April. 
 
 2. T. recurvatnm, Beck. Plentiful. April and May. 
 
 3. T. ereotum, L. (Purple T. or Birthwort.) Scarce. April. 
 
 4. T. erectum. Var. album, Pursh. Common. March and April, 
 
 6. T. erectum. Var. declinatum. Bare. May. 
 
 6. T. cernuuin. Var. atrorubens. This is a new species or rather 
 variety ; and having corresponded with Prof. Wood in regard to it, I take 
 the liberty to report his letter : 
 
 West Farms, N. Y., Sept. 25th, 1871. 
 Mr. Youno — Dear Sir: Your plant is a new variety of T. cernuum, 
 Linn. I would by no means call it a new species, for it forms a strong 
 connecting link between two other species, (viz.: T. erectum and T. cer- 
 nuum,) and makes it highly probable that the two should be united into 
 one, and this with them. We describe it as follows : 
 
 T. cernuum, L. B. atrorubens. Leaves orbicular-rhombic, sessile, with 
 a small abrupt point ; peduncle declinate half the length of the leaves 
 
STATE GEOLOGIST. 287 
 
 petals ovate, lanceolate, acuminate, twice broader than the sepals, brown- 
 ish purple. Plant large, leaves 5 to 6' diara. Flowers 3' broad. 
 
 Differs from T. ereotum in its cernuus peduncle, acuminate petals. 
 Otherwise very similar to that species. 
 
 Respectfully yours, A. Wood. 
 
 7. T. Remabk — We also found another "Trillium, the identity of 
 which we have not been able to make out. 
 
 Description. — Leaves sessile, rhombic ovate, abruptly acuminate, and 
 tapering at base. Peduncle thick, nearly as long as the flower and deflexed 
 beneath the leaves. Petals ovate, lanceolate, longer than sepals, and more 
 than twice as broad, dark purple. Sepals lanceolate, bordered slightly with 
 purple. Styles separate, stigmas strongly reflexed and as long as stamens. 
 Plant, one to two feet. 
 
 a. UVlIIiARIA, L. (Bellwort.) 
 
 1. 17. gra/n(lifloi'», Smith. Bather scarce. April. 
 
 2. U. perfollata, L. Not rare. April. 
 
 8. v. sessillfolla, L. Rare. April and May, 
 
 3. SMMiiCIWt, Desf. (Fame Solomon's Seal.) 
 
 1. S. racemosa, Desf. (False Spikenard.) Common. Eocky 
 woods. April. 
 
 2. S. stellata, Desf. Bare. April. 
 
 4. POI/YGdBT ATUM, Tourn. (Solomon's Seal.) 
 
 J. P. bifloruin. Ell. (Smaller Solomon's Seal.) April. 
 2. P. giganteuiu, Dietrich. (Great S.) Common. April. 
 
 5. ASPAKA.GIJS, L. (Asparagus.) 
 
 1. A. OFPiciNALLis. (Garden Asparagus.) Escaped from cultiva- 
 tion. Adv. from Eu. 
 
 6. MILIUM, L. (Lily.) 
 1. li. supertonm, L. (Turk's-cap Lily.) Not plentiful. July. 
 
 7. EKYTHBONirM, L. (Dog's-tooth Violet.) 
 
 1. E. Americaniim, Smith. (Yellow Adder's Tongue.) 
 March. Common in the woods. 
 
 2. E. albiduiu, Nutt. (White Dog's-tooth Violet.) Bare. 
 Woods. March. 
 
 8. OBNITHOGIS.TM Tourn. (Stab of Bethlehem.) 
 
 1. O. Uinbellatum, L. This plant is commencing to escape, and 
 grow spontaneously in the streets, and we think that in a few years, it will 
 be growing abundantly in the fields. April. 
 
288 ' STATE GEOLOGIST. 
 
 9. SCILIiA, L. (Squili,.) 
 
 1. S. Fraserl. (Eastern Qtiamish. Wild Hyacinth.) Abund- 
 ant. April and May. 
 
 10. AliMUM, L. (Onion Garlic.) 
 1. A. cernnnm, Koth. (Wild Onion.) Bare. July. 
 
 Ohder 87. COMMELYNACE^. (Spiderwort Family.) 
 
 1. COMMEIYNA, Dill. (Day-flower.) 
 
 1. C communis, L. See Wood's Botany. August. 
 
 2. C/. erecta, L. August. 
 
 S. TRADESCANTIA, L. (Spiderwoet.) 
 
 1. T. Vlrglnica, L. (Common Spiderwort.) Not plentiful. 
 
 2. T. pilosa, Lehm. May and June. 
 
 TOTAL. 
 
 Number of Families 87 
 
 Number of Genera 315 
 
 Number of Indigenous Species • 637 
 
 Number of Adventive, or Introduced Species 72 
 
 Total Number of Species 609 
 
Il^DEX TO LIST OF PLANTS. 
 
 AlJUCilon 252 
 
 Acacift 257 
 
 Acanthus Family 273 
 
 Acer 2fi5 
 
 Achillea 2il7 
 
 Acoius ». 28B: 
 
 Actoea 246 
 
 Adam and Eve 285 
 
 Adder's -tongue 287 
 
 iEaciilua 265 
 
 Ailantus 263 
 
 Alisma 285 
 
 Allium 288 
 
 Ahim-root 259 
 
 AlyBHum 249 
 
 AiuaranTh 2}j0 
 
 Amiiryllis Family 2S5 
 
 Ambrosia 2(ilS 
 
 Ameelanchler 258 
 
 American Cowslip 270 
 
 Ammauia 2G0 
 
 Ampelupsis 2(i4 
 
 Anagalliei 270 
 
 Anemone 245 
 
 Antennaria 2ii7 
 
 Anycliia 251 
 
 ApliyJlon 271 
 
 Aplectrum 285 
 
 Apocyuum 279 
 
 Apple 258 
 
 Aqiiilegia 24(3 
 
 Arabis 249 
 
 Aruiia 2H2 
 
 Ariaoima 285 
 
 Arrow-head.... 285 
 
 Asarum 279 
 
 Asclopias 279 
 
 Ash 279 
 
 Asimina 247 
 
 Asparagus 287 
 
 Aster 205 
 
 Astilbe 259 
 
 Astralgus 25<i 
 
 Avons 257 
 
 Balm 274 
 
 Baptlsia 25^ 
 
 Barbarea 249 
 
 Barberry Family 247 
 
 Basil 274 
 
 Bassvvood 2 2 
 
 Beard-tungue 272 
 
 Beech 284 
 
 Beech-drops 271 
 
 Bedstraw 263 
 
 Beggars' Ijice 276 
 
 Beggar-ticks 207 
 
 Belinower 2fi9 
 
 Eollwort 287 
 
 Benjaminbush 281 
 
 Becgamot 274 
 
 S. G. R.— 19 
 
 Bidens 26T 
 
 Bindweed „ 278 
 
 Birthwort Family 279 
 
 Bitter-Cress 249 
 
 Bittersweet 278 
 
 Blackberry 258 
 
 Black Haw 263 
 
 Black Snakeroot 261 
 
 Bladder-nut 225 
 
 Blephilia 275 
 
 Blood-root 248 
 
 Blue Cohosh , 247 
 
 Blue Curls 275 
 
 Bluets 264 
 
 Blue-eyed Grass 286 
 
 Bo'Uonia 265 
 
 Boneset 264 
 
 Borage Family 278 
 
 Bouncing Bet 251 
 
 Braseica 249 
 
 Brooklime 272 
 
 Brown Rape Family 271 
 
 Brunella 276 
 
 Buckeye 265 
 
 Buckwheat Family 280 
 
 Bugbane 247 
 
 Bngloss 276 
 
 Burdock 268 
 
 Bur. Mangold 267 
 
 Burriing-buab 254 
 
 Buttercup 246 
 
 Butteruul 283 
 
 Button-bush 263 
 
 iBiitton-weed 263 
 
 Button-wood 283 
 
 Cacalia 2G8 
 
 Caltimiiith :.. 274 
 
 Calamus..... 285 
 
 CiilystPgia 276 
 
 CamoUna 249 
 
 Campanula Family 269 
 
 Campion 251 
 
 Cancer-root 271 
 
 Cannabis 283 
 
 Cardan'ine , 249 
 
 Cardinal Flower 269 
 
 Carpet-weed 252 
 
 Carpinus 284 
 
 Carrion Flower 286 
 
 Carrot 261 
 
 Carya 283 
 
 Cashew Family 254 
 
 Cassia ,. 256 
 
 Castanea... 284 
 
 Catchfly 251 
 
 Cat-mint 275 
 
 Catnip 275 
 
 Oat-tail Family 285 
 
 Gauiophyllum 247 
 
 CelaBtrus 254 . 
 
290 
 
 REPORT OF 
 / 
 
 Celtis 282 
 
 Centunculus 271 
 
 Cephalanthua 263 
 
 Oerastium 251 
 
 Cero 8..... 266 
 
 Chailweed 271 
 
 ChiBlone 272 
 
 Ciienepodium 280 
 
 Cherry 257 
 
 Chervil 261 
 
 Chestnut 284 
 
 Chickweed 251 
 
 Choke-herry 258 
 
 Cicuta 261 
 
 Cinicifuga 247 
 
 Cinque-foil 257 
 
 Circiea 260 
 
 Cirsiuni 268 
 
 Ciaytonia 252 
 
 Cleavers 263 
 
 Clematia 245 
 
 Coeklebur 266 
 
 Clover 255 
 
 Collinsia IH 
 
 Columbine 246 
 
 Comfrey 276 
 
 Commelyna 288 
 
 ComposUe Family 264 
 
 Conubc-a' 272 
 
 Convolvulus 277 
 
 Corallorhiza 285 
 
 Coral-root 285 
 
 Coreopsis 267 
 
 Corn Cockle 261 
 
 CornuB 2(j2 
 
 Corydalis 248 
 
 Corylus 284 
 
 Cotton-wood 284 
 
 Cowbane 261 
 
 Cowslip 276 
 
 Crab-Apple 258 
 
 Cranesbill 253 
 
 Crataegus 258 
 
 Crowfoot 246 
 
 Crowfoot Family 245 
 
 Cucuiuber-tree 247 
 
 Cndweed 2lj7 
 
 Oulver's-root .' 272 
 
 Cuphea 260 
 
 Ouscuta 278 
 
 Custard Apple Family ■ 247 
 
 Cynoglossum 276 
 
 I Dandelion 2G8 
 
 Datura 278 
 
 Daucus 261 
 
 Delphinium 246 
 
 Dentaria 248 
 
 Dosmondium 256 
 
 Dianthera 273 
 
 Diccntra 248 
 
 Diuscorea 286 
 
 DiplopappuH 266 
 
 Dipsacus 2U4 
 
 Dodder 278 
 
 Dodecatbeou 270 
 
 Dogbane 279 
 
 Dogwood 262 
 
 Door-weed 281 
 
 Dutchman's Breeches 248 
 
 Ebony Family 270 
 
 Eclipta 266 
 
 Elder 2(33 
 
 Elet-ampane 266 
 
 .£ilephautupiiB 264 
 
 ,Elf phant's foot 264 
 
 iKlm 282 
 
 Enchanter's Nightshade 260 
 
 Jlnslonia 279 
 
 iBpipheguB 271 
 
 Erigenia 262 
 
 Erigeron 2G& 
 
 Erythronium 287 
 
 Euonymus 264 
 
 Eupatorium 264 
 
 Euphorbia 282 
 
 Evening Primrose Family 260 
 
 Fagopyrum 281 
 
 Fa«UH.... 284; 
 
 False Flax 249 
 
 False Miatletoo 281 
 
 False Pimpernel. 271 
 
 False Solomon's Seal 287 
 
 Fedia 264 
 
 Figwort Family 271 
 
 Fire Pink 261 
 
 Fireweed 268 
 
 Five-finger 257 
 
 Flax Family 253 
 
 Fleabane 265 
 
 Forget-me-not ., 276 
 
 Fragaria 257 
 
 Fraxinus 279 
 
 Furmitory Family 248 
 
 Galeopsis 276 
 
 Galium , 263 
 
 Gaylussacia 269 
 
 Gentian Family 275 
 
 Geranium Family 263 
 
 Gerardia 273 
 
 Geum 267 
 
 Ginseng Family 262 
 
 Gnaphalium 207 
 
 Golden-rod 2G5 
 
 Gooseberry 258 
 
 Goosefoot Family 280 
 
 Gourd Family 261 
 
 Grape 254 
 
 Gratiola J..., 272 
 
 Greenbrier 286 
 
 Green-Violet 250 
 
 Groomwell 276 
 
 Gymoclaudus 256 
 
 Uackberry 282 
 
 Hamamelia 259 
 
 Hurdhack 257 
 
 Hawkweed 268 
 
 Hawthorn 268 
 
 Hazel-nut 284 
 
 Hedeoma 274 
 
 Hedge Hysop 272 
 
 Hedge Nettle 276 
 
 Heliopsis 266 
 
 Hemp 283 
 
 HepatJca'..: 245 
 
 Hercules' Club 262 
 
 Heucher 259 
 
 Hickory 283 
 
 Honey Locust 257 
 
 Honey-Suckle Family 262 
 
 Hoarhound 275 
 
 Hornbeam 284 
 
 Horse-mint 274 
 
 Horse Nettle 278 
 
 Horse-radiBh 248 
 
 Hound's-tongue 276 
 
 Huckleberry 269 
 
 Hydrangea 259 
 
 Hydrastis 246 
 
 Hydrophyllum 277 
 
 Hypericum :i50 
 
 Ilex 270 
 
 Ilysanthes 272 
 
 Impatiens 253 
 
 Indian Pipe 270 
 
 Indian Turnip 285 
 
 Inula 266 
 
 Ipomoea 277 
 
 Iron-weed 264 
 
STATE GEOLOGIST. 
 
 291 
 
 Tronwood 284 
 
 Jameatowu Weed 278 
 
 JefTersonia 247 
 
 Joe Kye Weed. 204 
 
 Judas-tree 256 
 
 JuglanR 283 
 
 Kentucky Coffee-tree 25(3 
 
 Kinnikinuik 262 
 
 Knotgrass 281 
 
 Knotweed 280 
 
 Lactiica 209 
 
 Lamb-Lettuce .■„., 264 
 
 Lamium 276 
 
 Laportea 283 
 
 Lappa <, 268 
 
 Larkspur 246 
 
 Leather Flower 245 
 
 Leonnrus 276 
 
 Lepidium 250 
 
 Leucanthemum 267 
 
 Linaria 271 
 
 Lindt'n ^ 252 
 
 Lindera 281 
 
 Linnm 253 
 
 Liqiiidambar 259 
 
 Liquorice 263 
 
 Liriodendron ; 247 
 
 LithoBpermum 276 
 
 Lizavd'a-tail .-. 282 
 
 Lobelia 269 
 
 Locust-tree 256 
 
 Lophantbus 274 
 
 Lopseed 273 
 
 Lousewort 273 
 
 Ludvi'igia ....i „ 260 
 
 Lungwort 276 
 
 Lycopus 274 
 
 Lysimiichia ; 270 
 
 Madder 263 
 
 Mandrake 248 
 
 Hagnolia 247 
 
 Maple Family 255 
 
 Marrubium 275 
 
 Marsh Fleabane 266 
 
 Marnia 267 
 
 Matrimony Vine 278 
 
 May Apple 248 
 
 MelilotuB 255 
 
 Melissa 274 
 
 Menispermnm 247 
 
 Mentha ^... 274 
 
 Mermaid Weed 260 
 
 Mertensia 276 
 
 Milkweed Family 279 
 
 Mimnlua 272 
 
 Mint Family 273 
 
 Mistletoe 281 
 
 Millfoil Family 260 
 
 Mitella 259 
 
 Miterwort 259 
 
 Mocker-nut 283 
 
 Monarda 274 
 
 Monkey-flower 272 
 
 Moonseed Family 247 
 
 Morning Glory 276 
 
 Morus .* ; 283 
 
 Motherwort 270 
 
 MouDtxin Mint , 274 
 
 Mulberry 283 
 
 Mullein 271 
 
 Mustard Family 248 
 
 ITabHiuB 208 
 
 Negundo 255 
 
 Nepeta 275 
 
 Nettle Family , 282 
 
 Nightshade Family... : 278 
 
 Nine-bark 257 
 
 Nyssa 2pi2 
 
 Oak Family 284 
 
 Obolaria 279i 
 
 (Ennthera 260- 
 
 Onopordon 268 
 
 OrcblB Family , 285 
 
 Ornithogalum ."■. 287 
 
 Orpine Family 259 
 
 Osier 284 
 
 Osmorrhiza '. 261 
 
 Ostrya 284 
 
 Oxalis JL 253 
 
 Ox-eye .". 266 
 
 Papaw 247 
 
 Parsley Family 261 
 
 Parsnip 261 
 
 Passiflora 260 
 
 Passion Flower Family 260 
 
 Pecan-nut 283 
 
 Pedicularis. 273 
 
 Pennyroyal 274 
 
 Pentstemon 272 
 
 Peppermint 274- 
 
 Persecaria 281 
 
 Persimmon 270 
 
 Phacelia 277 
 
 Pfaasoolus 256 
 
 Phlox 277 
 
 Pboradendron 281 
 
 Phryma ,„,.. 273 
 
 Physalis » 278 
 
 Phytolacca .,... 280 
 
 Pig-nut 283 
 
 Pimpernel 270 
 
 Pink Family 251 
 
 Plane-tree Family 283 
 
 Plantago 270 
 
 Plantain Family 270 
 
 Platauus -,83 
 
 Plum -Am 
 
 Podophyllum 248 
 
 Poison Oak 254 
 
 Polteweed Family 280 
 
 Polansia 250 
 
 Polenionium Family 277 
 
 Polygonatum 287 
 
 Polygonum 280 
 
 Poplar .i 247 
 
 Poppy Family 248 
 
 Populua.i 284 
 
 Pnrtulacca 252 
 
 Potentilla 257 
 
 Primrose Family 270 
 
 Proserpinaca 260 
 
 Pruiius 1 257 
 
 Ptelta 253 
 
 Puccoon 276 
 
 Pulse Family i..,. 255 
 
 I'urslane 252 
 
 Putty-root 285 
 
 Fyctianthemum 274 
 
 Pyrus , 258 
 
 Quercus 284 
 
 Bagweed 266 
 
 Ranunculus 246 
 
 Rasplterry... 257 
 
 Ued-bud 256 
 
 Bhexia 260 
 
 Rhus 254 
 
 Ribes „ 258 
 
 Robinia 256 
 
 Rock-Cress 249 
 
 Rosa (Rose) , 258 
 
 Rose Family '. 257 
 
 Rubus 257 
 
 Rudbeckia 266 
 
 Ruellia 273 
 
 Rumex ....'.. ; 281 
 
 Sabbatia 278 
 
 Sagittaria 285 
 
 St. Johu*s-wort 250 
 
292 
 
 STATE GEOLOaiST. 
 
 Salix 284 
 
 Salvia,., 274 
 
 Sambiicua , 203 
 
 ^Sainoliis i 271 
 
 ISangumana 248 
 
 Saiiicula 201 
 
 Saponaria 251 
 
 Saseaftas 281 
 
 Saui'iirus 282 
 
 Saxifraga 258 
 
 Scilla 288 
 
 Scotch Thistle 268 
 
 Scrophuiaria , 271 
 
 Scutellaria 276 
 
 Seduil) 259 
 
 Self Heal 275 
 
 Senecio 208 
 
 Setma ^ 250 
 
 Shepherd's PurBe , 249 
 
 SicvoB 261 
 
 8id» 262 
 
 Silene 261 
 
 Silkwesd 279 
 
 Siuapi? 249 
 
 Sisymbrinm 249 
 
 Sisyi'iucbium 286 
 
 Smartweed 280 
 
 Smilacina ^^ 
 
 Smilax Family 286 
 
 Solanum 278 
 
 Solidago 2B5 
 
 Solomon's Seal 287 
 
 Sonchus 2li9 
 
 Son-el , 253 
 
 Sour Gum-tree 202 
 
 Sow Thistle 2(j9 
 
 Spanish Needles 2(J7 
 
 Spearmint 274 
 
 Specularia 269 
 
 Speedwell 272 
 
 SpicB-bush 281 
 
 Spiderwort Family 288 
 
 Spiroa 267 
 
 SpriDg-Bjanty 252 
 
 Spurge Family 282 
 
 Sqnaw-root 271 
 
 Squill 288 
 
 Squirrel Corn 248 
 
 Stachys 276 
 
 Staff-tree Family 264 
 
 Staphylea 256 
 
 Star' Cucumber 201 
 
 Star Grass, 285 
 
 Star-of-Bothlehem 287 
 
 Slellaria 261 
 
 Stone-crop 259 
 
 Stran^pnium i 278 
 
 Strawberry 267 
 
 Stylophorum 248 
 
 SiiUivantia 269 
 
 Sumach 254 
 
 Sweet CiC'ly 2(il 
 
 Sweet Clover 256 
 
 Swpet Flag 286 
 
 S.weet Gnm-trecj 269 
 
 Sweet William 277 
 
 Sycamore 283 
 
 Symphoricarpns 202 
 
 Symphytum 270 
 
 Synandra 276 
 
 Tanacetnm 207 
 
 Tansy 267 
 
 Taraxacum 268 
 
 Teastl Family 204 
 
 Tecoma 271 
 
 Teucrium 273 
 
 Thalictrum 246 
 
 Thaspium 2'il 
 
 Thistle 268 
 
 Thorn Apple 278 
 
 Thorough wort 204 
 
 Tjcksecd 207 
 
 tick- Trefoil 266 
 
 Tilia 2.62 
 
 Toad Flax .'. 271 
 
 Touch-ipe-not 253 
 
 Tradescantia 2'8S 
 
 Tree-of-Heaven 253 
 
 Trefoil 255 
 
 Trifolium 255 
 
 Trillium 28S 
 
 TrioS'eiim 263 
 
 Trumpet 262 
 
 TnliiJ-tree 247 
 
 Tupelo 262 
 
 Twin-leaf 247 
 
 Typha 286 
 
 Ulmns 282 
 
 Uvularia -. 287 
 
 Vaccaria 261 
 
 Valeriana , 264 
 
 Valerian Family 264 
 
 Velvet Leaf 252 
 
 Venns's Lookiug-glass : 209 
 
 Verhascnm 271 
 
 Verbena 273 
 
 Vernonio 264 
 
 Veronica 2'72 
 
 Vprvain Family 273 
 
 Viburnum 263 
 
 Vine Family 25.4 
 
 Viola 250 
 
 Violet Family 250 
 
 Virginian Creeper 254 
 
 Virgin's Bower 245 
 
 Vitis 254 
 
 Waahoo 254 
 
 Walnut Family 283 
 
 Water Beech 284 
 
 Water Hemp 280 
 
 Water Horehound 274 
 
 Waterleaf Family 277 
 
 Water Pipper , 280 
 
 Water Plantain 285 
 
 Whit? Weed... 267 
 
 Wild Allspice 281 
 
 Wild Bean 256 
 
 Wild Ginger 279 
 
 Wild Hyacinth 288 
 
 Wild Pink 251 
 
 Wild Potato Vine 278 
 
 Willow Family 284 
 
 Wind Flower 245 
 
 Witch Hazel 259 
 
 Woodbine 202 
 
 Wood Nettle 283 
 
 Wood Sorrel 263 
 
 Xanthium 256 
 
 Yam Family 2?S 
 
 Yarrow 267 
 
 Yellow Pnccoon 246 
 
 Zanthoxylum 253