Cornell University Library HD 4975.B8 Wages in various industrles.A summary of 3 1924 001 684 137 THE MARTIN P. CATHERWOOD LIBRARY OF THE NEW YORK STATE SCHOOL OF INDUSTRIAL AND LABOR RELATIONS AT CORNELL UNIVERSITY BUREAU OF APPLIED ECONOMICS, INC WASHINGTON WAGES IN VARIOUS INDUSTRIES. A SUMMARY OF WAGE MOVEMENTS DURING THE WAR. PROPtTRTY Or LIBn;ARY mmmi m um relations CORNELL UNIVERSITY WASHINGTON 1919 Copyrieht, 1919 by BUREAU OF APPLIED ECONOMICS, Inc. Washington. Reprint with Addition of One Chapter. ACME PRINTING COMPANY, Inc. WASHINGTON, D. C. TABLE OF CONTENTS. Preface 6 PvRT I. Wage Rates. 1. Army pay table 5 2. Arsenals of United States Government 10 3. Building trades of various cities 12 4. Building trades of New York City 22 5. Building trades, common labor 23 6. Coal mining: (1) Anthracite '. 24 (2) Bituminous 25 7. Dredge and tugboat employees, Great Lakes 27 8. Farm labor 28 9. Garment trades 30 10. Harbor employees. New York 31 11. Iron and steel industry 32 12. Longshoremen 35 13. Metal mining 37 14. Metal trades, railroad shops 39 15. Navy pay roll 40 16. Navy Yards of United States Government 42 17. Printers 47 18. Railroad employees , . . . . 49 19. Seamen 51 20. Shipyards '. 52 21. Street Railway employees 54 Paht II. Eabninqs. 22. Earnings in manufacturing industries of United States 59 23. Earnings in manufacturing industries of New York State. . 61 4375 15 ?^ prope:rty of library IHBllSTF.iAL A^D lAOr;^ RELATIONS 2)(i) I B CORNELL UNtVEFiSiTY Cornell University Library The original of tiiis book is in tine Cornell University Library. There are no known copyright restrictions in the United States on the use of the text. http://www.archive.org/details/cu31924001684137 PREFACE. This bulletin attempts to bring together all the available information regarding wages and earnings during the course of the war, that is to say, from 1914 to 1919. Wage data of this character are obtainable for only certain industries and, in some cases, in only fragmentary form. The industries here covered are by no means all the important industries in the country, but taken together they represent several miUion employees in a wide variety of work, and the wage data shown may thus be regarded as fully representative of conditions among American wage earners. The effort has been to include in the bulletin only material from sources which may be regarded as authoritative. Even then, it is recog- nized that a considerable part of the material is subject to some inac- curacy. It is believed, however, that the inaccuracies are-not sufficient to influence the broader wage movements developed by the data pre- sented. The publications of the United States Bureau of Labor Statistics, particularly the monthly Labor Review of that Bureau, are the most important sources of wage information, and these have been drawn on fully. Other Government departments have also furnished valuable information. The oflScials of various international labor unions have been extremely helpful in supplying information on request. Most of the detailed and laborious work of locating and summarizing material has been done by Mr. Leifur Magnusson, assisted by Mr. D. W Alexander, Mr. Ernest Kletsch, and Mr. Raymond Kenny. PART I. WAGES IN VARIOUS INDUSTRIES. CHAPTER 1. Aemy Pat Table. The table below is a statement of basic pay in the first enlistment of the grade and occupation named compiled from the Army Pay Table. It does not include slight additions for continuous years of service in the 2nd, 3rd, etc., enlistments. As the first enlistment period is from two to four years and as not over 25 per cent of the enlisted men continue in service it is a fair statement of possible earnings in the Army. In add- ition the Army man gets clothing and board and lodging— or its com- mutation. The pay fixed by the act of May 18, 1317, continues for the period of the war emergency, and is therefore still in effect. MONTHLY PAY OPf ENLISTED MEN IN THE AMERICAN ARMY. Title or Rank. 1908-1917 1917-1919 Per cent increase $75.00 $81.00 8.0 75.00 81.00 8.0 65.00 71.00 9 2 50.00 56.00 12.0 45.00 51.00 13.3 45.00 51.00 13.3 45.00 51.00 13.3 45.00 51.00 13.3 45.00 51.00 13.3 45.00 61.00 13.3 45.00 51.00 13.3 45.00 51.00 13.3 45.00 51.00 13.3 45.00 51.00 13.3 45.00 51.00 13.3 40.00 48.00 20.0 40.00 48.00 20.0 40.00 48.00 20.0 40.00 48.00 20.0 40.00 48.00 20.0 36.00 44.00 22.2 36.00 44.00 22.2 36.00 44.00 22.2 36.00 44.00 22.2 36.00 44.00 22.2 30.00 38.00 26.7 30.00 38.00 26.7 30.00 38.00 26.7 30.00 38.00 26.7 30.00 38.00 26.7 24.00 36.00 50.0 24.00 36.00 50.0 24.00 36.00 50.0 24.00 36.00 50.0 24.00 36.00 50.0 24.00 36.00 50.0 21.00 36.00 71.4 21.00 36.00 71.4 21.00 36.00 71.4 21.00 36.00 71.4 21.00 30.00 71.4 21.00 36.00 71.4 21.00 36.00 71.4 21.00 36.00 71.4 18.00 33.00 83.3 16.00 31.00 93.8 15.00 30.00 100.0 15.00 30.00 100.0 15.00 30.00 100-0 15.00 30.00 100.0 Master electricians Master signal electricians Engineers Sergeant, 1st class, Hospital Corps Regimental Sergeant Major Regimental Q. M. Sergeant Regimental Commissary Sergeants Sergeants Major, Senior Grade Coast Artillery Battalion Sergeants-Major of Engineers Post Quartermaster Sergeants Post Commissary Sergeante Post Ordnance Sergeants Battali^>n Q. M. Sergeants of Engineers Electrician--Sergeants, 1st class, Signal Corps First Sergeants Battalion Sergeant-Major Infantry and Field Artillery Squadron, Sergeant Major Sergeants-Major, junior grade, Coast Artillery Battalion Quartermaster Sergeant, Field Artillery Master Gunners Electrician Sergeants, 2nd class Sergeants of Engineers, Ordnance and Signal Corps Q. M. Sergeant of Engineers Mess Sergeant Color Sergeants Sergeant and Q. M. Sergeant of Cavalry, Artillery and Infantry Stable Sergeants Acting Cooka of Hospital Corps Firemen Cooks Corporals of Engineers Corporals of Ordnance Corporals of Signal Corps Corporals of Hospital Corps Chief Mechanics Mechanics, Coast Artillery Corporals of Cavalry Corporals of Artillery Corporals of Infantry Mechanics of Field Artillery Blacksmiths and Farriers Saddlers "Wagoners Artificers I^ivate, 1st class, Engineers, Ordnance, Signal Corps and Hospital CoTpB Privfates, Hospital Corps Trumpeters Musicians of Infantry, Artillery and Engineres Privates of Cavalry, Engineers, Artillery, Infantry, Signal Corps Privates, 2nd class, Engineers, Ordnance 8418 10 WAGES IN VARIOUS INDUSTRIES. CHAPTER 2. ARSBN..LS, United States Government. The following statement summarized from the Monthly Labor Review of the United States Bureau of Labor Statistics for October 1919 is a tabulation of the basic day rates of payment for the principal occupa- tions in the arsenals of the War Department for 1914 and 1919. In the case of piece workers, the rates shown are the minimum guaranteed rates per day. There are maximum and minimum ranges, as shown, within which compensation is according to degree of skill. The mini- mum is not an entrance rate necessarily; the rate at which a man is hired is based rather on skill and experience. The rates by no means reflect actual earnings, least of all during the war period when bonuses were paid and a great deal of overtime was worked. The value of the rates is principally to reflect basic wage movements in the Federal arsenals; in that respect they have the same value as union wage scales. The basic eight-hour day is in existence in all the arsenals. WAGES IN VARIOUS INDUSTRIES. MAXIMUM BASIC DAILY RATES OP PAY IN UNITED STATES ARSENALS 1914 and 1919. (Compiled from Monthly Labor Review of U. S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, October, 1919.) 11 Frankford. WatervUet. Occupation. 1914 1919 Per cent increase. 1914 1919 Per cent increase. 3.52 6.40 81.8 3.28 6.88 109.8 3.20 4.48 3.00 1.76 3.00 5.92 6.88 5.92 3.68 S.92 6.40 6.40 4.72 85.6 63.6 97.3 109.1 97.3 3.20 5.92 85.6 3.52 2.00 6.40 3.68 5.92 SI. 8 84.0 Millwright 3.66 2.24 1.76 2.60 3.44 3.00 2., 52 3.20 3.20 4.48 4.48 113.3 110.7 4.00 2.00 2.24 6.40 4.32 5.36 5.35 6.40 6.40 6,40 60 116.0 139.3 5.36 6.40 5.92 106.2 56.0 57.3 Patternmaker 3.26 3.28 3.28 100.0 Plumber 95.1 Steamfitter 95.1 5.92 5.92 6.88 6.88 85.0 85.0 53.6 53.6 Tin«!Tpitli 3.04 4.00 6.40 6.88 110 5 Toolmaker 72.0 Watertown. Rock Island . Occupation. 1914 1919 Per cent increase. 1914 1919 Per cent increase. 3.52 ' 7.68 118.2 3.75 4.00 3.25 3.76 3.25 1.85 2.75 3.25 3.75 2.25 2.2.'i 3.00 3.75 3.50 3.00 3.00 3.00 4.26 4.25 6.24 5.92 5.44 6.88 .5.92 3.68 5.04 5.92 6.4C 4.66 5.C4 6.^0 5.92 6.00 6.00 6.rf2 5.92 6.88 6.88 66.4 48 Carpenter 3.28 5.92 80.5 67 4 Die sinker S3 5 3.52 2.24 6.40 3.68 5.92 6.40 6.40 4.32 5.36 5.36 6.88 6.40 6.40 81.8 64.3 82.2 98 9 83 3 Moulder 3.68 3.76 2.80 2.56 2.88 4.00 3.28 4.50 73.9 70.1 54.3 109.4 86.1 72.0 95.1 42.2 f-1 1 70 7 102 7 Machine operator 124 Painter 86 7 67.9 Plumber 71.6 Steamfitter ^ 100 97 3 Tinsmith 4.96 6.88 97 3 3.68 87.0 61.9 61 9 Springfield. A vera- e of the five combined. arsenals Occupation. 1914 1919 Per cent increase. 1914 1919 Per cent increase. 3.50 6.70 62.9 3.51 4.00 3.34 4.33 3.2o 1.97 3.08 3.47 3.65 2.32 2.28 2.99 3.60 3.41 3.41 3.10 3.19 4.13 4.33 6.58 6.92 6.68 6.72 6.08 3.68 6.63 6.24 6.30 5.48 5.24 6.30 6.40 6.98 6.00 5.92 5.66 6.78 6.72 87 5 48 Carpenter 3.75 4.75 3.00 2.00 3.50 5.20 6.40 6.76 3.68 5.36 38.7 34.7 92.0 84.0 53.1 70 1 55 2 86 5 86 8 79 8 3.75 5.92 57.9 72 6 136 2 2.66 3.50 5.20 4.80 166.6 37.1 129 8 Painter 110 7 77 7 Plumber 4.00 3.75 5.20 6.20 30.0 38.7 75 4 Steamfitter 76 91 3.50 4.25 4.25 J 6.20 6.40 6.40 48.6 50.6 50.6 77 4 64 2 65 2 12 WAGES IN VARIOUS INDUSTRIES. CHAPTER 3. Building Tbadbs of Various Cities. Information regarding the trend of union wage rates in the building trades was obtained for three large groups of workers: (I) Union wages for various trades for most of the larger cities of the country, as compile by the United States Bureau of Labor Statistics and supplemented by data furnished by union officials; (2) Wage rates of building laborers under the scales of the Hod Carriers' and Building Laborers' Union; and (3) Prevailing wages in the building trades of New York as published by the Building Trades Council of that city. A brief analysis of the wage movements in each of these three groups is presented in this and the two following chapters. In considering these data it is important to bear in mind just what the union scale is. In brief, the union scale is a statement, either written or definitely under- stood, of wages and hours of labor agreed to or accepted by an organiza- tion of union men and an employer or group of employers, under which agreement union men are actually working. The union scale usually fixes the limit in only one direction. It sets a minimum wage and a maximum of hours for a regular day's work. This compilation shows such minimum wage and maximum hours as are established by the agreed scale. In certain cities, some workmen, and at the present time probably a considerable number, actually are paid more than the scale, and in some instances employees work less than the scale hours. In general, however, the union scale represents the prevailing scale for efficient labor. Skilled Building Trades in Large Cities. The series of tables following show the prevailing union wage rates and regular weekly hours in 1914 and in 1919 for certain of the more important trades for which information was obtainable. In general the data for 1914 were taken from Bulletin 171 of the United States Bureau of Labor Statistics and the data for 1919 were supplied by the international headquarters of the union concerned and give the rates prevailing in or about September of this year. A total of at least 30 cities are covered for most of the trades, altho it has not always been possible to obtain information for all trades in each of these cities. The first table gives the averages, by trades, for all cities combined. The succeeding tables give the detailed data by trades and cities. WAGES IN VARIOUS INDUSTRIES. SUMMARY OF UNION RATES OF PAY AND HOUES OF WORK IN VARIOUS CITIES , 1914 and 1919. Cents per hour. Hours per week. Occupation. No. of cities. 1914 No. of cities. 1919 Per cent increase. No. of cities. 1914 No. of cities. 1919 39 38 18 35 37 35 34 32 33 32 B8,2 50.8 59.3 52.8 47.4 67.7 61.6 51.8 61.2 62.1 39 37 14 27 36 33 34 29 33 32 89.3 78.2 80.8 79.9 76.2 89.5 92.4 80.9 92.8 94.2 30.9 53.9 36.3 51.4 60.8 32.2 50.0 56. 2 51.6 51.7 39 38 18 35 36 35 34 30 33 32 45.2 45.6 47.1 45.6 44.6 44.6 45.4 43.3 44.4 44.5 39 37 14 27 37 34 34 28 33 31 44.2 44.2 Cement workers and fin- 44.9 44.3 42.8 43.6 44.0 Sheet metal workers Steam fitters 44.0 44.0 Structural iron workers . . . 44.0 BRICKLAYERS Hourly Rate in Cents 1914 1919 Per ctot Increase Hours per Week 1919 Boston Buffalo Fall River . . Manchester . Newark .... New Haven. . New York . . . Philadelphia . Pittsburgh, . . Providence. . . Scranton . . . . Atlanta Baltimore. . . Charleston. . Jacksonville. , Richmond . . Washington. Chicago .... Cincinnati . . Cleveland. . . Detroit ,. Indianapolis . Kansas City. Milwaukee. . . Minneapolis. . Omaha St. Louis Birmingham . Dallas Little Rock . . Louisville. . . . Memphis .... New Orleans . Denver Los Angeles. . Portland Salt Lake City . San Francisco . . Seattle Average . Cities . . 65.0 66.0 60.0 60.0 65.0 60.0 76.0 6E.0 70.0 66.0 60.0 4o.O ea.s 4C'.0 62. S 65.0 66.7 75.0 65.0 70.0 65.0 76.0 75. 67.5 70.0 70.0 75.0 70.0 87.5 75. 66.0 76.0 62.5 76. 75.0 76.0 8f-.0 87.5 7.3..0 68.2 90.0 90.0 85.0 90.0 80.0 82.5 87.5 100.0 100.0 00.0 75.0 100.0 100.0 95.0 75.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 90.0 100.0 100.0 90.0 100.0 90.0 87.5 100.0 100.0 87.5 112.5 100.0 75.0 87.5 73. 100.0 100.0 112.5 100.0 112.5 112.5 38.46 38.46 41.67 50.00 23.07 37.50 16.67 .53.85 42.86 38.46 25.00 122.22 60.00 137.50 20.00 53.85 49.93 33.33 38.46 42.86 53.85 20.00 33.33 33.33 25.00 42.86 33.33 25.00 28.57 33.33 15.38 16.67 20.00 33.33 33.33 .50.00 25.00 28.57 50.00 80.3 39 30.94 1 From information supplied by Mass. Bureau of Labor Statistica. ' 44 hours and $27.50 per week Nov. to March inc. • Work^3 hours, paid tor 54. '44i hours per week, Oct. to April. '44 hours per week Oct. to April inc. 44 48 48 44 44 44 44 44 44 44 44 53 ^5 '53 48 45 <45 44 45 44 548 44 44 44 45.2 39 44 44 44 44 44 44 44 44 44 44 44 44 46 44 45 45 44 44 46 44 44 44 44 44 44 44 44 44 48 44 44 44 44 44 44 44 44 44 44 44.2 39 14 WAGES IN VARIOUS INDUSTRIES. CARPENTERS. Hourly Rate in Cents. Per cent Inoreaae. HouiB per Week 1914 . 1919 1914 1919 55.0 50.0 42.0 40.0 50.0 50.0 62.5 55.0 56.3 50.0 47.5 40.0 43.8 33.3 37.5 50.0 65.0 50.0 55.0 50.0 50.0 60.0 50.0 50.0 50.0 62.5 45.0 55.0 50.0 45.0 50.0 40.0 60.0 50.0 50.0 62.5 62.5 56.3 100.0 70.0 75.0 70.0 80.0 65.0 78.0 80.0 90.0 80.0 70.0 60.0 80.0 75.0 65.0 87.5 100.0 70.0 85.0 80.0 75.0 85.0 70.0 75.0 75.0 82.5 65.0 87.5 80.0 75.0 60.0 87.5 75.0 85.0 75,0 87. 5 94.0 81.82 40.00 78.57 75.00 60.00 30.00 24.80 45.45 59.85 60.00 47.37 50.00 82.65 125.22 73.33 75.00 53.85 40.00 54.54 60.00 50.00 41.66 40.00 50.00 50.00 32.00 44.44 59.09 60.00 50.00 60.00 45.83 50.00 70.00 20.00 40.00 66.98 44 48 48 48 44 44 44 44 44 44 48 50 44 <63 48 44} 44 44} 44 48 , 44} 44 44 48 44 44 48 44 48 44 44 48 44 48 44 44 44 44 40 44 Fall River . 44 44 44 44 New York 44 Philadelphia 44 44 44 44 Atlanta 44 Baltimore 44 , 48 48 44 44 44 Cleveland 44 Detroit 44 44 44 44 44 44 44 Birmingham Dallas 44 44 44 44 New Orleans 48 Denver .... 44 44 Portland 44 Salt Lake City 44 44 Seattle 44 Average 50.8 38 78.2 37 53.94 45.6 38 44.2 37 ' Work 53 hours paid for 54. CEMENT WORKERS AND FINISHERS. Hourly Rat e in Cents. Hours per Week Per cent Increase. 1 1914 1919 1914 1919 62.5 90.0 44.0 44 44 62.5 44 62.5 90.0 44.0 44 44 47.5 72.5 52.6 48 44 65.0 80.0 23.1 44 44 50.0 60.0 20.0 50 SO 55.0 80.0 45.5 48 44 50.0 80.0 60.0 54 44 55.0 70.0 27.3 50 50 65.0 87.5 34.6 44 44 45.0 70.0 55.6 48 44 60.0 83.5 39.2 44 44 55.6 54 68.8 87.5 27.2 44 44 62.5 48 62.5 80.0 28.0 48 44 75.0 100.0 33.3 44 44 62.5 48 59.3 80.8 36.3 47.i 44.9 18 14 18 14 Boston Newark New York Philadelphia. . Chicago Cincinnati Cleveland Detroit Indianapolis. . Kansas City. . Milwaukee . . . St. Louis Little Rock... Denver Los Angeles..: Portland San Francisco Seattle Average. . Cities WAGES IN VARIOUS INDUSTRIES. INSIDte WIREMEN. 15 Hourly Rate in Cents. 1914 Boston Buffalo Fall River Manchester Newark New York Philadelphia. . . Pittsburgh Providence. ..'. Scranton Baltimore JaclcBonville . . . Richmond Washington. . . Chicago Cincinnati Cleveland . . . . . Detroit Indianapolis. . . Kansas City. . . Milwaukee . . . . Minneapolis . . . Omaha St.- Louis Dallas Little Rock. . . . Louisville Memphis New Orleans. . Denver Los Angeles. . . Portland Salt,Lake City San Francisco. Seattle Average. . . Cities 55.0 47.5 37.5 34.8 62.5 60.0 45.0 57.0 50.0 46.9 43.8 45.0 43.8' 60.0 75.0 50.0 60.0 50.0 50.0 62.5 50.0 60.0 50.0 70.0 .56.3 50.0 40.0 50.0 50.0 56.3 50.0 56.3 56.3 62.5 62.5 52.8 35 1919 77.5 70.0 75.0 75.0 82.5 90.0 68.5 70.0 85.0 100.0 87.5 68.8 87.5 72.0 75.0 75.0 87.5 87. 5 60.0 80.0 90.0 82.5 72,5 87.5 75.0 87.5 87.5 79.9 27 Per cent Increase. 40.90 47.37 20.00 25.00 83.33 57.89 46,05 59.82 88.88 66.66 16,66 37.60 45.83 44.00 20.00 50,00 75,00 25.00 50.00 60,00 80.00 46.54 45.00 55.42 33.21 40.00 40,00 51.4 Hours per Week 1914 44 48 48 48 44 44 44 48 44 48 48 45 48 44 44 44i 44 148 148 48 44 44 44 44 44 48 48 44 48 44 48 442 44 44 44 45.6 35 1919 44 44 44 44 44 44- 44 44 44 44' 44 44 44 44 44 44 44 48- 44 44 44 48, 44 44. 44 44 44.3 27 1 44 hours June to Sept. inc. ' 44 hours July to Sept. inc. 16 WAGES IN VARIOUS INDUSTRIES. PLASTERERS. Hoiirly Rate in Centa. 1914 1919 Per cent Increaae. Hours per Week 1914 1919 Boston Buffalo Fall River Manchester. . . Newark New Haven. . . New York Philadelphia. . Pittsburgh Scran ton Atlanta Baltimore .... Jacksonville. . Washington, . . Chicago Cincinnati Cleveland .... Detroit Indianapolis. , Kansas City. . Milwaukee . . . Minneapolis. . Omaha St. Louis Birmingham. . Dallas Lotiisville .... Memphis New Orleans.. Denver Los Angeles. . . Portland Salt Lake City 6an Francisco. Seattle Average. . Cities 65.0 60.0 60.0 50.0 65.0 60.0 68.8 62.5 68.8 65.0 45.0 62.5 62.5 62.5 75.0 75.0 62.5 68.8 65.0 75.0 65.0 70.0 75.0 75.0 62.5 87.5 65.0 75.0 62.5 75.0 75.0 75.0 75.0 87.5 75.0 67.7 35 90.0 85.0 75.0 82.5 100.0 80.0 97.5 80.0 67.4 87.5 75.0 87.5 87.5 87.5 90.0 100.0 87.6 100.0 87.5 87.5 87.5 100.0 75.0 112.5 87.5 87.5 75.0 100.0 87.5 80.0 100.0 112.5 112.5 89.5 33 38.46 41.66 25.00 37.50 45.35 28.00 41.71 45.45 49.78 40.00 20.00 40.00 16.66 16.66 44.00 45.35 34.62 33.33 34.61 25.00 16.66 33.33 20.00 28.57 34.62 16.66 20.00 33.33 16.66 6.66 33.33 28.57 50.00 32.2 44 44 48 44 44 44 44 44 44 44 53 44 48 44 44 44J 44 44 44J 44 44 44 44 44 44 44 44 44 48 44 44 44 44 44 44 44.6 35 44i 40 44 44 **. 44 40 44 44 48 44 44 44 44 tJ» 44 44} 44 44 44 44 44 44 44 44 44 45 44 44 44 44 40 40 43.6 34 'No rate given. WAGES IN VARIOUS INDUSTRIES. PAINTERS. 17 Hourly Rate in CenJs Per cent Increase. Hours per Week 1914 1919 1914 191S Boflton 55.0 46.9 37.5 44.0 40.9 50.0 42.5 56.3 45.5 40.0 33.3 37.5 25.0 37.5 30.6 50.0 70.0 50.0 50.0 45.0 50.0 60.0 50.0 50.0 50.0 60.0 45.0 60.0 50.0 50.0 52.5 40.0 50.0 43.8 50.0 59.4 56.3 90.0 62.5 65.0 75.0 62.5 87.5 80.0 87.5 70.0 65.0 60.0 68.75 65.0 75.0 60.0 90.0 87.5 75.0 85.0 80.0 70.0 87.5 70.0 70.0 87.5 75.0 87.5 80.0 62.5 75.0 50.0 80.0 75.0 90.0 100.0 90.0 63.64 33.26 73.33 70.45 52.81 75.00 88.23 55.42 53.85 62.50 80.18 S3. 33 160.00 100.00 96.08 80.00 26.00 50.00 70.00 77.77 40.00 45.83 10.00 40.00 75.00 25.00 75.00 60.00 25.00 42.86 25.00 60.00 71.23 80.00 68.35 59.86 44 48 44 44 44 44 44 44 48 48 531 48 48 48 54 44 44 44 44 48 44 44 44 44 44 44 48 44 48 48 44 48 44 48 44 44 44 40 Buffalo 44 Fall River 44 Newark .' 44 New Haven 44 New York 44 PhjlnHplphia 44 44 Providence 44 44 Atlanta 44 Baltimore 44 44 44 44 Washington 44 44 44 Cleveland 44 44 44 Milwaukee 44 44 St. Louis 44 Dallas 44 Little Rock 44 44 Memphis 44 44 44 Los Angeles 44 44 44 Seattle 40 47.4 37 76.2 36 60.8 44.6 35 42 8 37 ■Work 53 hours, paid for 54. 18 WAGES IN VARIOUS INDUSTRIES. PLUMBERS. Hourly Bate in Cents. Par cent Increase. Hours per Week 1914 1919 1914 1919 Boston 65.0 56.3 43.8 31.3 62.5 68.8 50.0 62.5 56.3 53.1 50.0 62.5 50.0 56.3 75.0 62.5 56.3 62.5 68.8 62.5 62.5 68.3 75.0 75.0 62.5 60.0 62.5 56.3 62.5 56.3 75.0 75.0 75.0 75.0 ICO.O 81.2 81.2 75.0 87.4 87.4 81.2 93.6 90.0 ,75.0 100.0 100.0 81.2 100.0 100.0 100.0 87.4 87.5 100.0 81.2 87.5 100.0 100.0 100.0 87.5 90.0 87.5 87.5 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 112.4 100.0 53.8 44.2 85.4 139.6 39.8 27.0 62.4 49.8 59.9 41.2 100.0 60.0 62.4 77.6 33.3 60.0 55.2 4fl.O 45.5 29.9 40.0 46.4 33.3 33.3 40.0 50.0 40.0 55.4 60.0 77.6 33.3 33.3 49.9 33.3 44 48 48 48 44 44 44 44 44 48 48 48 48 48 44 44 48 44 44 44 44 44 44 44 44 44 48 48 44 48 44 44 44 44 44 44 Fall River . 44 44 Newark 44 . New York 44 Philadelphia '. 44 44 44 44 44 44 44 44 44 44 44 44 44 44 44 44 44 44 Little Rock 44 44 44 44 44 44 44 44 44 Seattle 44 61.6 34 92.4 34 50.0 45.4 34 44 Cities 34 WAGES IN VARIOUS INDUSTRIES. SHEET METAL WORKERS. 19 Hourly Rate in Cents. 1914 1919 Per cent Increase. Hours per Week 1914 1919 Boston^ Buffalo Manchester. . . Newark New Haven. . . New York Philadelphia. . Pittsburgh Providence . . . Scranton Baltimore .... Cincinnati Washington . . . Chicago Cleveland .... Detroit Indianapolia. . Kansas City. . Milwaukee . . . Minneapolis . . Omaha St. Louis Dallas Little Rock . . . Louisville. . . . Memphis New Orleans . . Denver Los Angeles. . Portland San Francisco Seattle Average. . Cities. . . . 55.0 50.0 34.4 60.0 47.7 62.5 50.0 55.0 48.0 46.9 40.0 45.0 50.0 68.8 45.0 50.0 50.0 60,0 45.0 50.0 42,5 60,0 56,3 52.5 42.5 50,0 40.0 66.3 56,3 66.3 62.5 51,84 32 90,0 70,0 50,0 86,0 75.0, 76.0 75.0 90.0 75.0 80.0 75.0 85.0 90.0 80.0 75.0 80.0 67.0 80,0 75.0 80.0 90.0 65.0 80.0 82.5 93.8 81.3 100,0 112,5 90.0 63.64 40.00 45.35 41.67 67.23 20.00 50.00 63.64 59,91 100.0 60.00 23.. 55 100,0 60.00 50.00 33.33 48.89 60.00 76.47 33,33 59,86 52,94 60,00 106,25 66.61 44.41 77.62 63.52 44.00 80.9 29 56.2 44 48 48 44 44 44 44 44 44 482 48 44 44 44 48 48 44 44 48 48 44 44 44 48 48 48 48 44 44 44 44 45.5 32 44 44 44 44 44 44 44 44 44 44 44 44 44 44 44 44 44 44 44 44 44 44 44 44 44 44 44 44 44.0 28 1 From information supplied by Mass. Bureau of Labor Statistics. 2 44 hours per week June to Sept. inc. 20 WAGES IN VARIOUS INDUSTRIES. STEAMFITTEHS. Hourly rate in cents Per cent Increase. Hours per week. 1914 1919 1914 1919 50.0 S6.3 31.3 62.5 68.8 50.0 62.5 43.8 46.9 50.0 62.5 50.0 55.0 75.0 62.5 56.3 62.5 68.8 56.3 62.6 68. 3 75.0 75.0 62.5 50.0 62.5 56.3 62.5 56.3 75.0 75.0 75.0 75.0 100.0 81.2 75.0 87.5 87.5 81.2 96.3 90.0 75.0 100.0 100.0 81.2 100. 100.0 100.0 87.5 87.5 100.0 81.2 87.6 100.0 100.0 100.0 87.8 90.0 87.6 87 .o 100. 100.0 100.0 100.0 112.5 100.0 100.0 44.3 139.6 40.0 27.2 62.4 54.1 105.5 59.9 100.0 60.0 62.4 81.8 33.3 60.0 55.4 40.0 45.4 44.2 40.0 46.4 33.3 33.3 40.0 80.0 40.0 55.4 60.0 77.6 33.3 33.3 50.0 33.3 44 48 48 44 44 44 48 44 48 48 48 48 44 44 44 48 44 44 44 44 44 44 44 g- It 48 48 44 44 44 44 44 Buffalo . 44 44 44 New York 44 44 Pittsbureh 44 44 44 44 44 44 44 44 Cleveland 44 44 44 44 44 44 44 44 44 Little Rock 44 44 44 44 Denver 44 Los AnRelea 44 44 44 San I^YaDcisco 44 Seattle 44 61.2 33 92.8 .33 51.6 44.4 33 44.0 Cities 33 1 44 hours June to Sept. Ind. WAGES IN VARIOUS INDUSTRIES. STRUCTURAL IRON WORKERS. 21 Hourly Rate in Cents. Per cent Increase. Hours per Week 1914 1919 1914 1919 62.5 62.5 62.5 62.5 62.5 60.0 62.5 62.5 56.3 62.5 56.3 56.3 62.5 68.0 62.5 70.0 65.0 68.0 65.0 62.5 62.5 65.0 62.5 62.5 50.0 65.0 56. 3 50.0 62.5 62.5 75.0 62.5 100.0 92.5 100.0 87.5 87.5 100.0 100.0 87.5 100.0 87.5 100.0 87.5 100.0 100.0 92.5 100.0 100.0 85.0 92.5 87.5 92.5 92,5 87.5 100.0 87.5 92.5 100.0 75.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 60.00 48.00 60.00 40.00 40.00 66.68 60.00 40.00 77.62 40.00 77.62 55.42 60.00 47.06 48.00 42.86 53.84 25.00 42.31 40.00 48.00 42.38 40.00 60.00 75.00 42.31 77.62 50.00 60.00 60.00 33.33 60.00 44 48 44 44 44 44 44 44 48 44 44 44 44 ■44 44J '44 >48 44 44 144 •44 44 44 44 44 44 44 48 44 44 44 44 44 Buffalo 44 44 44 New York 44 44 Pittsburgh 44 44 44 Atlanta '. 44 44 44 44 44 Cleveland 44 44 44 44 Milwaukee 44 44 44 44 44 44 44 44 44 44 Salt Lake City 44 44 44 62.1 32 94.2 32 61.7 44.5 32 44.0 Cities 31 1 48 hours week, Deo.-Msrch Inc. « 48 hours week, Oct. to April Inc. ' 44 hours week, June to Sept. Inc. < 48 hours week, Nov. to April Inc. 22 WAGES IN VARIOUS INDUSTRIES. CHAPTER 4. Building Trades, New Yokk City. The New York Building Trades Council issues a statement periodically of the prevailing rates of wages in the building trades of that city. The following table gives the rates thus reported for the principal building trades for 1914 and September 1919. All rates are based on 8 hours work per day, with a half holiday on Saturday. UNION WAGES IN THE PRINCIPAL BUILDING TRADES IN NEW YORK CITY. 1914 and 1919. (Rates per day.) Occupation. 1914 1919 Per cent jnerease Asbestos workers, boiler fitters, pipe coverers, insulators. . . M.7S 5.00 6.00 5.00 5.00 6.28 4.80 4.50 6.00 5.00 5.00 5.00 6.50 4.50 5.00 3.50 5.50 5.50 4.00 4.00 4.25 2.50 5.00 5.00 5.50 5.50 3.75 4.00 $6.40 8.00 34.7 60.0 6.50 7.20 6.80 6.00 «.S0 7.50 7.00 7.00 6.50 6.50 5.60 8.00 6.00 7.50 '7.00 8.00 7.00 5.60 4.60 6.00 6.50 7.00 6.50 5.00 8.00 7.00 30.0 44.0 28.8 25.0 44.0 25.0 HousesmithB, bridgemen and structural iron workers Ironworkers, bronze, metal furniture and metal trim workers 40.0 40.0 30.0 18.2 22.2 60.0 71.4 36.4 27.3 100,0 75.0 Roofers, tar, felt, composition, damp and water proofers. . . 31.8 84.0 Sheet metal workers, coppersmiths, tinsmiths, metal workers 20.0 30.0 27.3 Tile layers - ig 3 100.0 'Will be 18.00 per day beginning January 1, 1920. WAGES IN VARIOUS INDUSTRIES. 23 CHAPITER 5. Building Trades, Common Laboe. The foUowing table presents the union wage rates of hod carriers, building and conunon laborers in 31 cities for the year 1914 and 1919. The data were compiled from the scales of the International Hod Carriers, Building and Common Laborers' Union of America. The rates shown for 1919 were as given in the published scales of October 1918, and in most cases still in effect for a considerable part of 1919, altho changes may have occurred before the present time. UNION RATES OF PAY PER HOUR (IN CENTS) OF HOD CARRIERS, BUILDING AND COMMON LABORERS, IN VARIOUS CITIES, 1914 and 1919. 147.5 to 50.0 oenta. '50.0 to 75.0 cents. •70.0 to 75.0 cents. <62.5 to 56.3 cents. Mason tending. Plaster tending. Concrete. Excavating. City. 1914 1919 1914 1919 1914 1919 1914 1919 Albany, N Y 35.0 34.3 30.0 31.3 30.0 28.0 37.5 35.0 27.5 35.0 30.0 25.0 31.3 37.5 40.0 40.0 45.0 45.0 37.5 32.5 40.0 30.0 34.4 42.5 30.0 62.5 37.5 37.5 43.8 56.3 37.5 45.0 42.5 45.0 45.0 50.0 '■■47;6' 50.0 50.0 50.0 50.0 50.0 55.0 65.0 70.0 55.0 65.0 ■47.5 50.0 45.0 47.5 45.0 46.9 65.0 "69.9 68.8 62.5 ■"75!6' 35.0 34.3 30.0 28.0 37.5 35.0 27.5 41.0 30.0 31.3 35.0 37.5 42.5 40.0 50.0 45.0 37.5 32.5 40.0 30.0 37.5 45.0 37.5 62.5 56.3 50.0 56.3 62.5 50.0 45.0 42.5 45.0 45.0 60.0 70.0 47.0 50.0 50.0 55.0 50.0 50.0 55.0 55.0 60.0 55.0 65.0 35.0 34.3 28.5 45.0 42.5 45.0 ■"34;3' 25.0 45 Asbury Park, N. J 42.5 45 Binghamton, N. Y Lawrence, Mass Syracuse, N. Y Mt. Vernon, N. Y 28.5 28.0 37.5 35.0 27.5 25.0 25.0 25.0 30.0 30.0 45.0 ■■■47:6' 50.0 SO.O 50.0 50.0 40.0 55.0 45.0 50.0 25.0 28.0 45.0 Newburgh, N. Y Oneida, N. Y 35.6 27.5 26.0 25.0 25.0 ■■■25!6' "ioio' 25.0 50.0 50.0 Pf>rt-l?inH, Mft 50.0 Soranton, Pa Wasliington, D. C Cleveland, Ohio CoffeyviUe, Kan Dayton, Ohio 50.0 40.0 55.0 45.0 55.0 Decatur, 111 E. St. Louis, 111 30.0 60.0 147.5 50.0 50.0 45.0 SO.O 45.0 46.9 65.0 50.0 69.9 37.5 75.0 Ottawa, 111 32.5 35.0 30.0 34.4 45.0 47.5 45.0 43.8 32.5 35.0 30.0 31.3 45 Sheboygan, Wia 43!8 Covington, Ky Memphis, Tenn 56.3 31.5 37.5 62.5 43.8 62.5 66.3 31.5 '50.5 Los Angelea, Cal Portland, Ore 31.3 62.5 75.0 "srls' 75.0 =70.0 75.0 Seattle, Wash '62.5 Average for all cities. 36.8 53.6 45.7 40.5 53.9 33.1 32.5 50.7 55.0 30.9 49.7 60.8 24 WAGES IN VARIOUS INDUSTRIES. CHAPTER 6. Coal Mining. Anthracite and bituminous mining differ considerably in methods of work, but the two branches of the industry are not very dissimilar as regards occupations, the distribution of the labor force and the systepas of wage payment. In both the employees fall into two general classes: (1) The miners proper who do the actual digging and cutting of the coal and who are paid, except when working under special conditions, on a tonnage basis; and (2) a large number of accessory occupations, such as hoisting and pumping engineers, machinists, carpenters and timbermen, who are almost always paid on a time basis. (1) Anthbacitb Coal. The existing wage rates for all classes of anthracite mine employees are directly based upon the award of the Anthracite Coal Strike Com- mission of 1903. The increases granted by that commission were in the form of flat percentage increases. No basic rates were fixed and the existing differentials between companies were maintained. This system of wage advances has continued until the present. A series of agreements subsequent to 1903 have either continued the existing agreements or provided for certain fixed increases, usually in percentage form. The last of these series of increases resulted from an order of the Fuel Administration in the autumn of 1918. • In the conferences of the National Labor Adjusting Agencies, on whose recommendation this order was based, a memorandum of current wages and earnings of principal occupations was submitted as fairly typical of existing conditions. The table below gives the rates for 1916 as con- tained in this memorandum, the increases resulting from the order of the Fuel Administration, and a computation of the probable rates existing in 1914 as interpreted from the terms of the agreement of May 6, 1916. As the existing rates differed between companies the memorandum gave simply high and low rates, and this is necessarily followed in the table here presented. The mines operate on a basic 8 hour day for practically all time workers. The contract miners decide in considerable degree the number of hours they care to work but 8 hours per day is the customary maxi- mvmi. WAGES IN VARIOUS INDUSTRIES. 25 WAGES AND EARNINGS IN THE ANTHKACITE COAL INDUSTRY, 1914 to 1919. (Compiled from wage agreements and memorandum submitted to the Conference of National Labor Adjusting Agencies, November, 1918.) Occupations. 1914 1916 (Agreement May 6, 1916.) 1919 (In effect since Oct. 1, 1918.) Per cent of increase 1919 over 1914. Low. High. Low. High. Low. High. Low. High. OUTSIDE LABOR $0,277 .277 .350 .20 .26 .169 .277 .225 1.94 2.99 5.26 $0,303 .303 .390 .242 .278 .203 .303 .251 3.00 3.36 5.26 $0,320 .320 .360 .230 .300 .195 .32 .26 2.08 3.20 '5.63 Hourly $0,350 .350 .400 .280 .320 .235 .35 .29 Daily 3.20 3.60 5.63 rates. $0.57 .57 .61 .48 .55 .42 .57 .51 rates. 3.70 5.00 6.63 $0.60 .60 .65 .63 .57 .46 .60 .64 5.16 5.50 6.63 105.8 105.8 74.3 140.0 111.5 148.5 105.8 126.7 90.7 67.2 26.0 98.0 98.0 Shaft engineers Firemen 66.7 119.0 Machinery repairmen . . 105.0 126.6 INSIDE LABOR ■Company miners Inside labotcrs Contract laborers Consideration miners. . . Contract miners 98.0 155.0 72.0 63.7 26.0 'Average per start. (2) Bituminous Mining. Bituminous coal is mined in about one-half of the States of the Union, but almost three-quarters of the tonnage in recent years has been pro- duced in western Pennsylvania, Ohio, Illinois, Indiana, and West Vir- ginia. With the exception of West Virginia, the mine workers of these states are strongly organized and for a number of years have been work- ing under fixed agreements, usually biennial, with the mine operators. Instead, however, of a single agreement for the industry, such as exists in anthracite mining, there are a number of district agreements. These district agreements differ in their wage scales, but the differ- ences are based on differences in the physical difficulties of mining and the wage changes have usually been more or less uniform in the several districts. Thus for the four States above mentioned — ^known as the central competitive field — a single wage agreement, which uses the Hocking Valley District of Ohio as a basing district, constitutes the basic agreement for all four States. Therefore, the wage changes in the Hocking Valley District may be taken as representative of the trend of wage rates in this whole field and, in a general way, for practically all bituminous mining in the country. The table below shows, for this district and also for the Pittsburgh District, the tonnage rates for miners and the daily wage rates of several important occupations which are on a tune basis, for 1914 and 1919. Since 1914, practically all wage rates in the central competitive field have been computed on the basis of mine- run coal. The rates now in effect (September 1919) were last modified by the so-called Washington Agreement of October 6, 1917. This was drawn to run not to exceed two years from April 1, 1918. In 1918 the question of further increases was discussed but was denied by the Fuel Adminis- tration on October 26, 1918. (See Monthly Labor Review of United States Btfreau of Labor Statistics for November 1918, for an account of the discussion.) The 8-hour day prevails in the industry. 26 WAGES IN VARIOUS INDUSTRIES. RATES OF WAGES OF MINERS AND DAY LABORERS, BITUMINOUS COAL MINING MINE-RUN BASIS, 1914 and ;919. Occupation. 1914 1919 Per cent of increase. HOCKING VALLEY DISTRICT. Mining, rates per ton. Pi^t Tnining $0,676 .47 2.84 2.62 1.32 2.78 3.12 2.81 2.62 1.56 $0.6464 .5611 .4461 .3892 2.84 2.62 1.25 2.78 $0.8764 .70 5.00 4.75 2.65 4.92 5.27 4.95 4.75 3.64 $0.8764 .7911 .70 .6431 5.00 4.75 2.65 4.92 30 Machine mining — chain machines. Ciitt'i"Ei 'li"i^li"B ftpd 'oa) $23.00 6.00 12.00 18.00 21.00 25.00 27.60 11.50 15.00 13.00 9.50 16.00 16.50 14.00 6.00 7.00 7.00 8.50 $33.00 12.00 18.60 27.00 30.00 •35.00 38.00 17.50 23.00 19.00 15.50 22.50 24.50 20.50 (») P) 11.50 13.00 43.5 100.0 54.2 50.0 42.9 40.0 38.2 52.2 63.3 46.2 63.2 50.0 48.6 46.4 64.3 52.9 ■No such grade. '$38.00 per week if required to do pattern grading. •Not specified. WAGES IN VARIOUS INDUSTREIS. 31 CHAPTER 10. Harbor Employees, New York. The monthly wage rates of employees on the tugs, ferry boats, barges and other crafts in the commerce of New York Harbor are given in the following table for July 1914 and July 1919. The range of rates between high and low are shown as no averages can very well be drawn from the data available. MONTHLY WAGE RATES OF NEW YORK HARBOR EMPLOYEES, 1914 and 1919.i (Compiled from data in Bureau of Labor Statistics and in office of the Executive Secretary, Harbor Wage Adjustment Board, New Y.ork.) Occupation.* July, 1914. Low. High. July, 1919.3 Low. High. Per cent increase. Low. High TUGS, STEAM LIGHTERS, AND OTHER SELF PROPELLED BOATS Captains Mates and pilots Engineers Oilers Firemen ; Deck-hands Cooks FERRY BOATS (*) Captains or pilots Wheelsmen Engineers Oilers Firemen Deck-hands COVERED BARGES AND LIGHTERS Captains Engineers CANAL BOATS, GRAIN BOATS, SCOWS AND DUMPERS Captains CAR FLOATS AND CATTLE FLOATS Floatmen $115.00 75.00 100.00 60.00 55.00 50.00 50.00 125.00 60.00 100.00 55.00 40.00 50.00 45.00 63.60 40.00 55.00 1165.00 115.00 140.00 75.00 75.00 70.00 65.00 160.00 70.00 150.00 95.00 95.00 66.00 80.25 80.25 60.00 65.00 tl74.50 110.00 164.50 99.50 99.50 99.50 99.50 175.00 95.00 165.00 95.00 95.00 85.00 112.65 125.65 100.00 105.00 S244.50 199.50 209.50 115.00 115.00 110.00 105.00 190.00 110.00 180.00 120.00 115.00 105.00 130.00 140.00 110.00 105.00 51.74 46.67 64.50 65.83 80.91 99.00 99.00 40.00 68.33 65.00 72.73 137.50 70.00 150.33 97.56 150.00 90.91 48.18 73.48 49.64 53.33 53.33 67.14 61.54 18.75 67.14 20.00 26.32 21.06 59.09 61.99 74.45 83.33 61.54 ^Includes board where board is allowed in addition to wages. "Occupations as shown constitute all occupations represented in the specified crafts. 'Agreement with Railroad Administration and with private boat owners. 'Ferry boat scale is least satisfactory in that awards were not complied with and city ferries are included. Moreover, in 1919 no new agreement was made with private ferries and rates represent railroad ferries only. 32 WAGES IN VARIOUS INDUSTRIES. CHAPTER 11. Iron and Steel Industry. Detailed information regarding earnings and hours of labor in the iron and steel industry over a series of years are published in the Monthly Labor Review of the United States Bureau of Labor Statistics for October 1919. The contents of that study are summarized in the tables below, which give, for 1914 and 1919, by principal departments, the average hourly earnings and average full time hours per week for each of the principal occupations. No separation by geographical districts is made except in the case of common labor, for which the data are shown by four districts — Eastern, Pittsburgh, Great Lakes and Middle Western and Southern, and also by aU districts combined. HOURLY EARNINGS (IN CENTS) AND FULL TIME HOURS PER WEEK IN IRON AND STEEL INDUSTRY, 1914 and 1919. (Compiled from Bulletin and Monthly Labor Review of U. S. Bimau of Labor Statistics). BLAST FURNACES. Ooeupation. Average earnings per hour 1914 1919 Per cent Increase . Average full time hours per week. 1914 1919 Stockers Bottom fillers Top fillers Larrymen Larrymens' helpers Skip operators Blowers Blowing engineers Keepers Keepers' helpers Iron handlers and loaders Pig machine men Cindermen Laborers, all districts Eastern Pittsburgh Great Lakes and Middle Wi'st Southern 18.8 17.4 21.0 21.5 18.7 21.4 33.3 26.2 23.3 18.5 21.8 19.2 17.6 17.7 15.3 19.2 19.0 13.7 46.4 43.6 46.8 51.6 49.2 53.6 76.0 62.4 55.7 47.0 36.1 47.6 47.3 45.5 42.3 48.3 46.5 33,0 146.81 150.57 122.86 140.00 163.10 150.47 125.23 138.17 139.06 154.05 65.60 147.92 168.75 157.06 176.47 151.. 56 144,74 140.87 74.9 83.3 80.1 78.6 78.6 79.5 80.7 79.3 79.6 80.6 73.8 79.2 78.3 70.8 68.7 73.1 68.9 73.1 79.2 82.2- 76.7 79.4 78.5 79.6 79.1 78.3 80.2 79.5 73.2 79.9 77.2 78.9 76.2 82.0 73.1 76.7 WAGES IN VARIOUS INDUSTRIES. BESSEMER CONVEHTERfi. 33 Occupation. StockerB Cupola melters Cupola toppers Blowers Begulatora (Ist) Regulators (2zid) Veseelmen Vesselmens' helpers Cinder pitmen Bottom makers Bottom helpers Ladle liners Ladle helpers Stopper makers Stopper setters Steel pourers Mold cappers Ingot strippers Laborers, £ul districts Pittsburgh ^ Great Lakes and Middle West Average earnings per hour 35.1 39.0 28.6 54.5 32.8 28.9 49.9 34.2 21.3 29.3 22.5 30.4 22.2 26.1 37.6 44.4 26.0 31.3 19.3 19.3 19.1 1919 63.6 101.3 78.8 126.7 84.2 73.3 110.0 85.7 58. 1 73.0 59.5 75.6 55.1 62.8 109.8 108.2 67.1 73.6 48.9 48.5 50.6 Per cent Increase. 81.20 169.74 176.52 132.48 156.71 163.63 120.44 150.68 172.77 149.16 164.44 148.68 148.20 1.50.20 192.02 143.69 158.08 135.14 163.37 161.30 164.92 Average full time hours per week. 1914 55.5 59.5 56.9 64.1 63.8 66.5 55.6 64.3 71.9 73.0 72.4 68.6 69.1 70.2 50.7 52.6 60.8 66.0 74.0 74.7 71.8 1919 64.0 69.4 58.9 63.1 68.2 64.4 60.3 61.1 71.0 64.8 70.3 69.7 71.6 70.0 69.8 58.5 61.1 64.2 71.1 74.2 58.1 OPEN HEARTH. Average earnings per hour Per cent Increase . Average full time hours per week. 1914 1919 1914 1919 Stokers 20.4 23.7 30.7 42.0 27.8 20.7 28.7 33.9 23.2 30.5 29.2 18.5 16.9 18.8 19.1 / 16.9 50.1 57.4 76.3 96.9 69.5 64.6 66.3 78.1 59.2 73.6 72.9 46.4 40.8 47.3 48.6 38.8 49.0 126.69 142.19 148.53 130.71 150.00 163.77 131.01 130.38 155.17 141.31 149.66 150.81 141.42 151.60 154.46 129.59 77.0 78.4 77.4 75.6 74.7 77.4 76.0 76.4 77.7 76.6 76.8 69.5 67.2 71.3 69.5 64.3 74.9 72.0 73.0 73.0 72.1 Meltere' helpers (3rd) 73.4 71.4 70.4 73.8 71.9 66.6 72.7 67.5 Pittsburgh 78.5 Great Lakes and Middle West 76.8 65.0 56.0 BLOOMING MILLS. Average earnings per hour Per cent Increase. Average full time hours per week. 1914 1919 1914 1919 35.7 64.2 35.5 37.0 27.3 44.7 68.4 39.4 31.4 34.5 25.6 18.7 17.2 19.0 19.0 14.8 81.2 117.7 80.3 83.3 64.6 93.4 135.3 92.5 64.8 79.0 59.7 46.9 43.7 48.9 48.0 38.6 127.45 117.16 126.20 125.14 136.26 108.96 97.81 134.77 106.37 128.99 133.20 150.80 154.07 154.69 152.63 160.81 66.6 69.3 62.4 68.6 69.8 65.6 63.6 62.4 63.6 66.0 68.4 71.7 61.3 72.0 72.0 74.1 66.1 Heaters 67.5 64.6 64.9 67.4 62.6 Rollers 60.4 61.1 62.2 63.1 66.6 69.6 70.2 71.9 Clronf Lakps and Middle West 65.7 76 6 34 WAGES IN VARIOUS INDUSTRIES. PL^TE MILLS. O'coupatioD. Average earnings per hour Per cent Increase . Average full time hours per week. 1914 1919 1914 1919 Charging Crane and Charging machine 30.6 52.9 24.7 30.7 70.3 43.4 31.7 29.4 25.7 40.6 24.3 17.4 15.1 18.8 19.0 78.6 123.9 59.9 75.3 129.1 112.0 83.3 81.1 66.7 98.2 63.0 44.9 36.8 48.4 46.9 156.86 134.21 142.51 145.28 83.64 158.06 162.78 175.85 159.53 141.87 159.28 158.00 143.71 157.45 146.84 70.2 70.5 67.7 70.2 68.0 68.7 67.6 68.2 67.4 68.4 68.2 67.6 61.6 71.5 71.3 71.1 70.6 71.1 72.1 70.5 71.0 70.6 71.2 71.1 70.7 71.9 63.8 05.8 70.3 . Great Lakes and Middle West 69.0 SHEET MILLS. Oceunation. Average Earnings Per Hour Per cent Increase. Average Full Time hours per Week 1914 1919 1914 1919 54.0 143.1 64.8 63.6 48.4 46.2 96.6 48.5 86.0 28.2 28.2 18.8 19.2 18.0 105.3 257.5 130.7 118.2 98.0 92.8 187.8 95.5 163.4 70.5 68.5 46.0 45.5 46.6 95.00 79.94 101.69 85.84 102.48 100.87 94.40 96.91 78.37 150.00 142.91 144.68 136.98 158.89 42.8 42.8 42.8 42.8 42.8 42.8 42.8 42.8 42.9 42.9 42.8 65.9 65.8 66,4 43.6 43.6 43.7 Catchers 42.8 43.7 43.6 43.7 43.2 43.5 46.6 44.0 66.5 Pittsburgh 70.6 Great Lakes and Middle West 61.5 COMMON LABORERS, BY DISTRICTS AND BY DEPARTMENTS. District and year. All depart- ments. Blast furnaces. Bessemer Con- verters. Open- hearth furnaces. Bloom- ing mil^. Plate mills. Sheet mills. Eastern: 1914 16.1 40.9 19.1 48.3 19.0 47.9 16.1 36.8 17.3 43.5 15.3 42.3 19.2 48.3 19.0 46.5 13.7 33.0 16.8 42.5 16.9 40.8 18.8 47.3 19.1 48.6 16.9 38.8 17.9 43.9 17.2 43.7 19.2 48.9 19.0 48.0 14.8 38.6 17.6 44.8 15.1 36.8 18.8 48.4 19.0 46.9 1919 ; Pittsburgh: 1914 19.3 48.5 19.1 50.6 19 2 1919 45.5 18.0 46.6 Great Lakes and Middle . West: 1914 1919 Southern: 1914 1919 Total': 1914 19.2 49.6 17.6 44.7 18. « 46.1 1919 ^Un weighted average. WAGES IN VARIOUS INDUSTRIES. 35 CHAPTER 12. LONGSHOHEMEN. The hourly rates of wages of longshoremen in 14 principal American ports, in July 1914 and July 1919, are shown in the following table. Longshoremen in deepwater traffic have different rates from those in coastwise traffic and are therefore shown separately. Under the present agreements longshoremen are working on the basic 8-hour day and 44-hour week. HOURLY RATES OF WAGES OF LONGSHOREMEN (DEEPWATER) IN FOURTEEN PRINCIPAL AMERICAN PORTS, July, 1914, and Wy, 1919. (Report of tho Director of the Marine and Dock Industrial Relations Division, U. S. Shipping Board Washington, 1919.) Fort and district. Rate of wages in cents per hour in July. Per cent 1914 1919 increase. $0.33 .33 .30 .25 .26 J0.6S .65 .65 .65 .65 97 New York 97 116 7 160 Norfolk 160 .292 .20 .26 .65 .50 .50 122.6 150 100 .225 .30 .40 .40 .50 .65 .66 .65 122 2 Mobile 116 7 62.5 62.5 .367 .50 .55 .65 .45 .65 .80 .80 .80 .80 77 1 60 45.5 Portland 45.5 Seattle 77.8 .513 .80 55 9 36 WAGES IN VARIOUS INDUSTRIES. HOURLY RATES OF WAGES OP tONGSHOREMEN (COASTWISE) AT FOURTEEN PRINCIPAL AMERICAN PORTS, July, 1914. and July, 1919. (Report of the Director of the Marine and Dock Industrial Relations Division, U. S. Shipping Board, Washington, 1919.) Port or district. Rate of wages in cents per hour in July. Per cent 1914 1919 increase. JO. 30 .30 .225 .20 .22 $0.65 .65 .65 .65 .65 116.7 New York 116.7 Philadelphia 188 9 225.0 Norfolk 195 5 .249 .25 .22 .20 .65 .40 .40 .40 161 Charleston 60 81 8 Jadcsonville 100 South Atlantic average .223 . .30 .30 .30 .40 .45 .45 .45 79 4 Mobile 50 New Orleans 60.0 .30 .475 .50 .50 .45 .45 .80 .80 .80 .70 53 3 San Diego 68 4 San Francisco 60.0 60.0 55.6 Portland Seattle .481 .775 61.0 WAGES IN VARIOUS INDUSTRIES. 37 CHAPTER 13. Metal Mining. The only information available regarding the wages of metal miners is that furnished by the report in the latter part of 1918 of the committee appointed by the Secretary of Interior to study the gold situation. This report contains interesting data on wages in gold, silver and copper mining in the Western States, for a series of years up to September 1918. These data, as printed in the Monthly Labor Review of the United States Bureau of Labor Statistics for April 1919, are summarized in the table below: HATES OF WAGES PER DAY IN METAL MINING, September, 1914 and 1918. (Compiled from Monthly Review of U. S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, April, 1919. } Machine men. Sept., 1914. Sept., 1918. Per cent inczeaee. Copper mining: Montana — Butte District Arizona — • Bisbee Phelps Dodge Corporation Verde Utah. Bingham-Utah Copper Co General Average Nevada. Ely District California. All DietrictB Copper and gold mining: ■W^hington Silver and gold mining: Nevada. Tonopah Cometock Gold mining: Nevada. Goldfield Montana. Kendall, Barnes, King Development Co. California. Mother Lode and Grass Valley $4.00 3.60 3.50- 3.75 3.25 3.25 3.25 3.50 4.50 4.00 4.00 3.50 2.75- 3.00 »6.2S-»5.75 6.10 5.15- 5.90 4.75- 5.25 4.75- 5.25 5.75 4.00- 4.50 5.00 5.50 5.00 4.00 4.00- 4.50 3.50- 4.00 50-04 69 47-57 4No change. WAGES IN VARIOUS INDUSTRIES. 39 CHAPTER 14. Metal Trades in Railroad Shops. An order of the Director General of Railroads of June 1918, (retro- active to Jan. 1918) established a minimum rate of 68 cents an hour for machinists, blacksmiths, boilermakers and practically all the other skilled'' trades in the railroad shops, and a minimum rate of 45 cents for helpers. Under the operation of the supplementary order recently announced these rates are raised approximately 4 cents an hour. The metal trades in the railroad shops are therefore now receiving a minimum wage rate of 72 cents an hour for journeyman and 49 cents for helpers. In the following table these rates are given for machinists, blacksmiths and boilermakers in comparison with the rates existing in May 1914 and May 1918. The data for these earher years are compiled from the bulletins of the U. S. Bureau of Labor Statistics and represent averages for a large group of cities. ' HOURLY WAGE RATES AND FULL TIME HOURS PER WEEK OF CERTAIN METAL TRADES IN RAILROAD SHOPS MAY 1914, MAY 1918 AND SEPT. 1919. (Data for 1914 and 191S from publicationB of U. S, Bureau of Labor Statistica). Years. Rate per hour (cents) Percent Inoreaee 1919 over 1914 Fulltime hours per week 1914 1918 1919 1914 1918 1919 1914 1918 1919 38.7 68.0 72.0 40.3 68.0 72.0 39.0 68.1 72.0 86.0 78.7 84.6 S3. 7 48.0 48.0 52.5 48.0 48.0 54.7 48.0 48.0 \ 40 WAGES IN VARIOUS INDUSTRIES. CHAPTER 15. Navy Pat Table. As compiled from the Navy Register, 1919, issued by the Navy Department, the rates of pay of the enlisted personnel of the Navy are shown in the table below. The rates of 1914, as fixed by the act of May 13, 1908, represent merely ten per cent increases over the scale pre- viously in effect. The rates fixed in 1917 by the act of May 22 of that year consist of increases graduated according to rates in effect at that time and will continue operative for at least six months after the termina- tion of the war. The rates are minimum rates, and do not show increases due to re-enlistment. Enlisted men in the Navy receive food, housing and clothing in addition to their pay. WAGES IN VARIOUS INDUSTRIES. 41 MONTHLY KATES OF PAY OF PRINCIPAL GRADES AND OCCUPATIONS IN THE NAVY (From the Navy Register, January 1, 1919, pp. 1008-1011 ) Grade or occupation. 1914 (Act May 13,1908). 1919 (Act May22,1917) Per cent increase. Shaman Branch. Chief Petty Officers: Chief masters-at arms Cluef turret captains 'Chief mates and quartermasters Petty Officers, 1st class; Turret captains Masters-at arms, mates, etc Petty Officers, 2d class: Masters-at arms, mates, quatermasters Petty Officers, 3d class Seamen, 1st class: Seaman, gunners Seamen Seamen, 2d class: Messmen branch Stewards (highest grade) Stewards and cooks, cabin, etc Storage cooks Mess attendants, Ist dass^ Mess attendants, 2d dassi Mess attendants, 3d clasa^ Abtotcbb Bbanch. Chief Petty Officers: Special n^echanics Machinists, mates Electiicians Printers Carpenters, mates Water tenders Storekeepers Petty Officers, 1st class: Mechanics, let class Blacksmiths, 1st class Coppersmiths, 1st class Patternmakers, 1st class Molders, 1st class Boilermakers Machinists mates, 1st class Coppersmitlis Sluphtters, Ist class Electricians, 1st class Blacksmiths Plumbers and fitters Watertenders Engineers, 1st class Painters, 1st class Sailmakers, mates Carpenters, mates, let class Storkeepers, 1st class Printers, let class Petty Officers, 2nd class: Blacksmiths, 2nd class Coppersmiths, 2nd class Patternmakers, 2nd class Molders, 2nd class Machinists, mates, 2nd class Electricians, 2nd class Sfaipfitters, 2nd class Engineers, 2nd class OileiB Carpenters, mates, 2nd class Printers, 2nd class Storekeepers' 2nd class Petty Officers, 3rd class: Electricians, 3rd chse. Carpenters, ma^B, 3rd class Painters, 3rd class Storekeepers 3rd class Seamen, 1st class: Firemen, Ist class Shipwrights Seamen, 2nd class: Firemen, 2nd class Seamen, 3rd class: Firemen, 3rd class Landsmen J71.50 66.00 55.00 55.00 44.00 38.50 38.50 28.00 26.40 20.90 66.00 as. 00 33.00 33.00 27.50 22.00 139 77 66 66 55 55 55 88 71 71 71 71 71 60 60 60 55 55 49 49 49 44 44. 44 44 44 65 55. 55 55 49 44. 44. 44. 40 38 38. 38. 33. 33. 33. 33. 38. 27. 33.00 24. 17. $77.50 72.00 61.00 61.00 52.00 46.50 46.60 34.00 34.40 35.90 72.00 61.00 41.00 41.00 39.60 37.00 145.70 83.00 72.00 72.00 61.00 61.00 61.00 94.00 77.50 77.50 77.60 71.60 77.50 66 SO 66.50 66.50 61.00 61.00 55.50 56.50 55.50 52.00 S2.00 52.00 52.00 62.00 66.00 61.00 61.00 61.00 55.60 52.00 52.00 52.00 48.70 46.50 46.50 46.50 41.00 41.00 41.00 41.00 46.50 35.60 41.00 36.20 32.60 Lower rates to non-citi sen of U. S., $24, $20, and $16, respectively. 42 WAGES IN VARIOUS INDUSTRIES. CHAPTER 16. Navy Yards. The hourly wage rates in 12 of the Navy Yards and stations of the United States Government are shown below for the years 1914 and 1919, except that for New Orleans and Pensacola the 1914 rates were not available and those for 1911 have been given instead. This affects the comparisons but httle as between 1911 and 1914 there were only nunor changes of rates and some occupations did not change at all. The first table shows the rates for all yards combined. This is fol- lowed by a series of tables for the yards separately. At the present time the wage rates for navy yards are almost completely standardized, there being one series of rates for the Atlantic Coast and one for the Pacific Coast. The only important exception is in the case of common labor, for which lower rates are paid in the South Atlantic than in the North Atlantic district. The 8-hour basic day prevails in all these yards. SUMMARY SHOWING AVERAGE RATES OF DAILY PAY IN SELECTED OCCUPATIONS IN NAVY YARDS: 1914 and 1919. Average rates of pay per day. * Per cent OocupatioQ. 1914 1919 increase. {3.69 3.92 4.03 3.81 3.85 3.71 4.07 3.54 3.16 3.47 3.72 3.72 4.00 2.49 2.03 S6.40 6.88 6.40 6.40 6.40 6.40 6.93 6.40 6.40 6.40 6.40 6.40 6.88 4.85 3.56 73.4 75. S 68.8 68.0 66.2 73.0 70.3 81.0 102.5 84.4 Shinfittera 72.0 72.0 72.0 94.8 75.4 PORTSMOUTH, N. H. Occupation. Rates of pay per day. 1914 1919 Per cent increase. Boilermakers Coppersmiths Electricians Machinists Machinists, Electrical. Molders Pattern makers.' Pipefitters Plumbers Rireters ShipfitteiB Shipemiths Toolmakers Holders on Laborers, common t3.60 4.00 4.00 3.60 3.60 4.00 3.60 3.52 >3.52 4.00 2.40 2.00 $6.40 6.88 6.40 6.40 6.40 6.40 6.88 6.40 6.40 6.40 6.40 "6.40 6.88 4.80 3.68 77.7 72.0 60.0 77.7 77.7 72.0 77.7 81.8 81.8 72.0 100.0 84.0 '1911 rate. ■Heavy fire*. t7.68. WAGES IN VARIOUS INDUSTRIES. BOSTON, MASS. 43 Oooupation. Rates of pay per day. Per cent 1914 1919 inarease. Boilermakers ' , . $3.76 3.76 4.80 3.76 3.62 4.00 4.00 4.40 3,36 3.76 3.76 4.00 2.40 2.24 {6.40 6.88 6.40 6.40 6.40 6.88 6.40 6.40 6.40 6.40 16.40 6.88 4.80 3.68 70.2 83.0 33.3 70.2 81.8 72.0 60.0 46. S 90.4 70.2 70.2 72.0 100.0 64.3 Coppersmitha Electricians Pftttftm mfilrArp Pipefitters Riveters Shipfittere Holders on Laborers, common ,'. 'Heavy fires, $7.68. NEWPORT, R. I. ' Occupation Rates of pay per day. Per cent 1914 1919 inereaee. Boilermakers $3.44 $6.40 6.88 6.40 6.40 6.40 6.40 6.88 6.40 6.40 6,40 6.40 ■6.40 6.88 4.80 3.68 86.0 3.60 3.52 3.68 4.08 2.56 3.76 77 7 Mnchiniflte, 'Rlp.nt.rii'^1 , . , , 81 S Molders 73.9 68 9 Pipefitters. .'. 150 Plumbers Riveters 70.2 Shipfitters TnnlTnAtfiTB, , Holders on 2.16 70 3 'Heavy fires, $7.68. NEW YORK, N. Y. Oocupation. Rates of pay per day. Per cent 1914 1919 increase. >$3.76 4.00 4.48 4.00 $6.40 6.88 6.40 6.40 70.2 CopperBmitha -. 72.0 42.8 60.6 Molders 3.76 4.48 3.76 6.40 6.88 6.40 6.40 6.40 6.40 "6.40 6.88 4.88 3.68 70.2 53.5 Kpefittere 70.2 3.28 3.76 4.00 4.00 2.64 2.00 95.1 70.2 Shipsmiths Toolmakers 60.0 72.0 81.8 84.0 >1911 rates. 'Heavy fires, $7.08. 44 WAGES IN VARIOUS INDUSTRIES. PHILADELPHIA, PA. Rates of pay per day. Percent Occupation. 1914 1919 inciease. >S3.44 3.68 $6.40 6.88 6.40 6.40 6.40 6.88 6.40 6.40 6.40 ' 6.40 «6.40 6.88 4.80 3.68 86.0 87.0 3.76 70.2 Moldere 3.76 3.44 3.52 ■3.04 3.52 3.52 83.0 86.0 pinnibera 81.8 110.5 Ship6ttera Shipsmiths 81.8 81.8 2.64 2.00 81.8 84.0 ■1911 rates. •Heavy fires, $7.68. WASHINGTON, D. C. Ocoupatioa. Rates of pay per day. Per cent 1914 1919 increase. Boilermaker^. : , $3.72 4.00 $6.40 6.88 6.40 6.40 6.40 6.40 6.88 6.40 6.40 6.40 6.40 •6.40 6.88 4.80 3.68 72 KleotrioiasB 72.0 Machinists 4.08 >3.76 3.92 4.32 3.92 4.16 56.8 70 2 Moldere Pattern makera 63.3 59 3 Pipefittere PlumbefB 63.3 53.8 Shipfitteta Shipsmiths Holders on 2.16 70.4 •1911 rates. •Heavy fires, $7.68. NORFOLK, VA. n9ll rates. •Heavy fires, $7.68. Rates of pay per day. Per cent Occnpatloa. 1914 1919 increase. i$3.62 3.68 3.50 3.52 $6.40 6.88 6.40 6.40 6.40 6.88 6.40 6.40 6.40 6.40 •6.40 6.88 4.80 3.68 81.8 87.0 82.9 Eleotrieians Machiniate Moldere 3.84 3.76 4.24 79.2 70.2 50.9 Pipefittere Riveters Shipflttera 3.52 13.28 3.76 81.8 95.1 83.0 Toolmakere Holders on Laborers, common 1.76 109.1 WAGES IN VARIOUS INDUSTRIES. CHARLESTON, S. C. 45 Kates of pay per clay. Per cent Occupation. 1914 1919 increase. Boileniiakere Coppersmiths S3. 60 3.84 {6.40 6.88 6.40 6.40 6.40 6.40 6.88 6.40 6.40 6.40 6.40 '6.40 6.88 4.80 2.88 77.8 79.2 3.60 4.00 3.60 3.76 2.80 4.00 3.44 3.52 '3.52 3.76 2.56 1.52 77.8 Machinists, Electrical Moldera 60.0 77.8 83.0 Pipefitters Plumbers Kiveters Shipfitters Shipsmiths Toolmakeis 128.6 60.0 86.0 81.8 81.8 83.0 87.1 89.fi '1911 rates. 'Heavy fires, $7.68. PENSACOLA, FLA. Kates of pay per day. Per cent Occupation. 1911 1919 increase. $3.68 4.00 S6.40 6.88 6.40 6.40 6.40 6.40 6.88 6.40 6.40 6.40 6.40 '6.40 6.88 4.80 2.88 73.9 72.0 3.76 3.76 70.2 70.2 Molders 4.00 3.20 3.28 3.20 3.68 3.68 3.76 2.00 1.68 72,0 Finefitters 100.0 96.1 100.0 Shipfitters 73.9 73.9 83.0 140.0 71.4 'Heavy fires, t7.S8. NEW ORLEANS, LA. 'Heavy fires, J7.68. Rates of pay per day. Percent Occupation. 1914 1919 increase. »3.52 3.52 *6.40 6.88 6.40 6.40 81.8 Coppersmiths 96.5 4.00 3.52 3.76 3.62 4.00 3.52 3.76 3.76 4.00 2.00 2.00 6.40 6.88 6.40 6.40 6.40 6.40 '6.40 6.88 4.80 2.88 si. 8 83.0 81.8 60.0 81.8 70.2 70.2 72.0 140.0 44.0 46 WAGES IN VARIOUS INDUSTRIES. PUGET SOUND, WASH. Rates of pay per day. Per cent Occupation. 1914 1919 increase. BoilermskerB CoppcvBmiths S4.00 4.24 4.24 4.00 4.00 4.24 3.76 4.16 3.84 4.00 86.40 6.88 6.40 6.40 6.40 7.52 6.40 6.40 6.40 6.40 ■6.40 6.88 5.12 4.16 60.0 62.2 50.9 Maohinists Moldere, 60.0 60.0 75.7 Kpefittera i 70.2 53.8 Eivotera Shipfittera -Shipemiths . 66.6 60.0 ToolmakeiB '. ■ 4.24 2.72 2.40 62.2 88.1 73 3 Heavy firea, $7.68. MARE ISLAND, CAL. Occupation. Boilermakers — CJoppersmitha Electricians Machinists Machinists, Electrical. Molders Pattern makers. .' Pipefitters '. . . Pluinbers Riveters .Sliipfitters Shipemiths 'Toolmakers Holders on Laborers, common. . . . Rates of pay per day. 1914 1919 Per cent increase. S4.24 4.40 3.20 4.24' 4.32 5.04 4.16 4.72 4.08 4.24 4.24 4.48 3.04 2.40 86. 40 6.88 6.40 6.40 6.40 6.40 7.52 6.40 6.40 8.40 6.40 6.88 5.12 4.16 50.9 56.3 100.0 50.9 48.1 49.2 53.8 35.6 56.9 50.9 53.5 6S.3 73.3 WAGES IN VARIOUS INfiUSTRIES. 47 CHAPTER 17. Printers. The trend of wages of compositors and linotype operators in both newspaper, and book and job work, is shown in the following tabl^ in detail for several representative cities in various parts of the country; The data here presented were obtained from the computations of .the United States Bureau of Labor Statistics, supplemented, for 1919,. by the wage scale advances as pubHshed in the Journals and Bulletins for the Typographical Union. In cases where no advances have been reported during the year, the scale that prevailed in 1918 has been given for 1919. Rates of pay for day work only are presented.; On newspaper work, for both compositors and operators, the weekly scale for night work averages between three and five dollars per week niore than that for day work. WEEKLY EARNINGS, FULL TIME, OF COMPOSITORS AND LINOTYPE OPERATORS IN VARIOUS CITIES. 1914 and 1919. Linotype Ofbratobs. Day, Newspapers. Book and Job. 1914 1919 Per cent increase. 1914 1919 Pereent inereaee. Boston, Mass NewYork, N. Y Philaddphia, Pa $26.46 30.00 22.00 27.00 $28.56 43.50 25.50 42.00 7.9 46.0 15.9 55.5 $23.00 26.00 22.00 24.00 22.50 22.50 25.00 $36.00 39.00 31.00 27.00 22.60 24.00 26.00 41.00 38.00 30.00 30.00 24.00 52.2 50.0 40.9 12.5 Atlanta. Ga Baltimore, Md CiDcinnati, Ohio 24.00 26.00 36.66 42.00 42.00 38.10 33.00 28.50 45.8 61.5 6.7 4.0 Cleveland, Ohio Indianapolis, Ind 25.80 24.00 28.50 47.7' 37.5 25.80 24.00 26.60 24.00 47.3 25.0 13.2 Birmingham, Ala Denver, Colo Los Angeles, Cal San Francisco, Cal Seattle, Wash... Richmond, Va 22.26 28.50 29.00 29.00 31.50 20.00 39.66 30.00 31.00 42.00 36.8 3.4 6.9 33.3 26.00 29.00 29.00 si.so 30.00 33.00 21.2 3.4 13.8 26.00 31.50 .. 48 WAGES IN VARIOUS INDUSTRIES. CoMPOarroBS. Day, Newspapers. Book and Job. 1914 1919 Per cent increase. 1914 1919 Per cent increase «26.46 30.00 20.00 27.00 21.00 24.00 $34.86 43.50 25.50 42.00 24.00 35.00 42.00 42.00 38.10 33.00 33.00 24.23 28.35 39.00 34.00 34.00 42.00 31.7 45.0 27.5 55.6 14.3 45.8 •21.00 24.00 20.00 20.00 18.00 18.00 •33.50 39.00 29.00 23.00 21.00 21.00 59.5 New York, N Y 62.5 Pliladelphia, Pa 45.0 Pittsburgh, Pa 15.0 16.7 Baltimorei Md 16.7 Chicago, 111 27.90 25.80 24.00 28.50 23.80 50.5 47.7 37.5 15.8 1.8 24.66 20.00 21.00 20.00 21.00 41.00 32.00 30.00 24.00 21.00 70.8 60 43 Kai&aas City, Mo 20 Dehvur, Colo 28.50 29.00 29.00 31.50 36.8 17.2 17.2 33.3 26.00 24.00 24.00 OR m 31.50 25.00 28.00 28.50 23.00 21 2 4 1 16 7 Seattle, Wash 11 8 Richmond, Va , Portland, Ore 46.00 "/ WAGES ][N VARIOUS INDUSTRIES. 49 Chapter 18. RAILROAD EMPLOYEES. The following table shows the average hourly or daily earnings of 68 occupations or occupational groups of employees of Class I Railroads in the United States for the year ending December 31, 1915, and for the month of January 1919, as reproduced from the Report of the Rail- road Wage Commission of 1918 and from a statement prepared by the U. S. Railroad Administration under date of April 8, 1919. The data for January 1919 represent, in general, conditions still in force, except in the case of the shopmen whose rates were increased by a recent order. See Chapter 14 for the effect of this order on the wages of cer- tain railroad shop trades. AVERAGE EARNINGS OF EMPLOYEES OF CLASS I RAILROADS IN THE UNITED STATES, YEAR ENDING DECEMBER 31, 1915 (FROM REPORT OF THE RAILROAD WAGE COMMISSION) AND FOR THE MONTH OF JANUARY, 1919 (FROM STATEMENT PREPARED BY THE RAILROAD ADMINISTRATION UNDER DATE OF APRIL 8, 1919) OCCUPATION Karnlnss pad passenger firemen and helpers Road passenger cohductors Road passenger baggagemen Road passenger brakemen and flagmen . . Other road train employees Oossing flagmen and gatemen Drawbridge operators 64 . Floating equipment employees . 66 . Express service employees .... 66 . Policemen and watchmen 67 . Other transportation employees . 68 . All other employees .275 .168 ..567 .387 .423 .528, .264 .287 .213 .241 .224 .253 .306 .187 .400 .368 .425 .261 .386 .349 .186 .167 .332 .176 .598 .382 .498 .336 .824 .506 .669 .364 .381 .291 .115 .168 .214 .176 .191 .203 .194 .539 .397 6.35 4.59 6.32 ■■ .915 .541 .663 .496 .531 ..547 4.38 ' ■ 5.20 ■ .408 7.67 ' 6.51 ' .688 .486 .636 .601 .347 .374 .506 .423 .825 .616 .643 .987 .694 .833 .576 .580 .470 2.65 ' 3.04 ■■ .460 .136 3.45 3.38 2.74 96 136 73 105 96 133 120 144 lis 62 65 72 87 124 52 140 38 61 39 62 20 37 25 S3 52 62 115 d 22 • Per day d Decrease. WAGES IN VARIOUS INDUSTRIES. 51 CHAPTER 19. Seauen. The monthly wages of various classes of seamen engaged in the Atlantic and Gulf Coast trade were compiled in a report of the Director of Marine and Dock Industrial Division, United States Shipping Board, recently issued. The following table summarizes the data therein pre- sented. The range of rates between high and low are given as it was impracticable to draw proper averages. In considering this table, it is to be remembered that the wages of seamen are in addition to board and lodging. RATES OF WAGES PER MONTH OF DECK OFFICERS AND CREW, AND OF LICENSED ENGINEERS AND OF FIREMEN, ATLANTIC AND GULF COAST. 1914 and 1919. (Compiled from aeaooiation and union wage scales and awards of U. S. Shipping Board, as setfortfi in Report of the Director of Marine and Dock Industrial Diviaion, U. S. Shipping Board. Deeember 31, 1918, and subsequent awards, July, 1919.) 1914 1919 (July). Per cent increase. Occupation. Low. High. Low. High. Low. High. Deck Offickiib and Cbew. $400.00 150.00 140.00 130.00 80.00 30.00 200.00 126.00 115.00 116.00 80.00 t400.00 150.00 140.00 130.00 80.00 30.00 200.00 126.00 115.00 115.00 80.00 $412.50 241.25 212.50 188.75 165.00 85.00 387.60 241.25 212.50 188.76 $412.50 241.25 212.50 188.75 165.00 85.00, 387.50 241.25 212.50 188.75 31.26 60.83 51.79 45.19 106.26 163.33 93.76 93.00 84.78 64.13 68.75 31 25 60.83 51.79 46.19 106 26 163 33 Licensed Engineebb and FiREMBN. Chief engineer 93.75 Krat assistant engineer Second assistant engineer Third assistant engineer 93.00 84.78 84.13 68.75 S2 WAGES IN VARIOUS INDUSTRIES. CHAPTER 20. Shipyabds. The award of the Shipbuilding Labor Adjustment Board in October 1918 provided for two general scales of shipyard wages — one for the Atlantic Coast and one for the Pacific Coast. These wage scales are still in effect in September 1919. It is very difficult to obtain compara- ble data for shipyard workers in 1914 and in 1919. The first of the following two tables presents the wage rates for the San Francisco shipyards in 1914 and for the Pacific Coast District in 1919, for those occupations for which comparable data were obtainable. In the same way the second table presents similar information for the Delaware River shipyards in 1914 and for the Atlantic Cqast District in 1919, for those occupations for which comparable data could be obtained. The basic 8-hour day is general in the shipyards. PACIFIC COAST DISTRICT. MINIMUM HOURLY RATES OF PAY (IN CENTS), PACIFIC COAST DISTRICT, IN 1919, WITH COMPARISON OVER SAN FRANCISCO DISTRICT IN 1914. Occupation. San Francisco District 1914.1 Whole Pacific Coast District 1918." Per cent increase. Acetylene welders .... Blacksmiths Blacksmiths Boilermakers Chippers and calkers . Driliers Drillers Holdera-on Laborers Machinists Molders Patternmakers Pape fitters Punch and shear men Reamers Riveters Sheet metal workers . . Ship fitters 50.0 50.0 37.5 60.0 50.0 37.5 34.4 37.5 30.0 50.0 50.0 62.5 43.8 37.5 37.5 45.0 50.0 50.0 80.0 80.0 58.0 80.0 80.0 68.0 64.0 64.0 52.0 80.0 80.0 94.0 80.0 68.0 68.0 80.0 86.0 80.0 60.0 60.0 54.6 60.0 60.0 54.6 90.0 71.0 73.0 60.0 60.0 50.4 82.6 81.3 81.3 77.8 72.0 60.0 'No change in rates of San Francisco District from 1907 to 1914. These are the rates of pay as of October 1, 1918, and still in effect. WAGES IN VABIOUS INDLiSTRIES. 53 ATLANTIC COAST DISTRICT MINIMUM HOURLY RATES OF PAY (IN CENTS), ATLANTIC COAST DISTRICT, IN 1919 WITH COMPARISON OVER DELAWARE RIVER DISTRICT IN 1914. Occupation. 1914 1919." 90.0 "ii'.o 86.0 62.0 86.0 66.0 80.0 60.0 50.0 26.0 80.0 64.0 64.0 364.0 72.0 (') 80.0 76.0 •80.0 «80.'0 80.0 68.0 86.0 58.0 64.0 86.0 80.0 86.0 80.0 '68.0 58.0 80.0 80.0 80.0 80.0 Per cent increase. Loftsmcn, lat class Loftsmen, 2nd class Painters Pattemmalters Granemen Rivet testers Stage builders Hand riveters Holders-on Rivet heaters Passer boys' Ship carpenetrs Punchers Planers and scrapers Drillers and countersinkera Pressmen Layer-outs Sheet metal workers Acetylene burners and welders Anglesmiths Blacksmiths B(»lermakers Drillers Flange turners Bolters Ijnermen Tank testers Hand chippers Coppersmiths Plumbers Drillers (boiler shop) Reamers Electricians Machinists Ship fitters Molders 39.0 30.0 33.3 27.5 22.5 29.6 25.0 20.0 15.0 10.0 8.0 33.0 22.0 25.0 22.0 33.0 46.0 30.0 30.0 30.0 22.0 18.5 18.5 25.0 15.0 20.0 25.0 22.5 36.0 33.0 17.5 15.0 30.0 33.0 30.0 30.0 'These are the rates of pay as for October 1, 1918, and still in effect. ^Newport News. 'Drillers (pneumatic), 68 cents. 'S0.05 in addition to journeymen's hourly rate. •Anglesmiths, heavy fires, ^.96. •Blacksmiths, heavy fires, $0.96. 'Drillers and countersinkers, $0.64 (ship shed department). 130.8 122.2 212.7 175.6 191 .5 164.0 300.0 300.0 400.0 212.6 142.4 190.« 156.0 190.9 118.1 166.7 153.3 166.7 263.6 332.4 287.6 244.0 288.7 220.0 244.0 a&s.e 138.9 142.4 288.5 286.8 166.7 142.4 168.7 186.7 54 WAGES IN VARIOUS INDUSTRIES. CHAPTER 21. Street Railway Employees. The wage rates of motormen and conductors given in this chapter are maximum rates. Most street car systems employ a wage system under which wages are increased automatically from time to time according to length of service. At present the great majority of the larger systems fix the hmit necessary to obtain the maximum at one year. The following table gives the maximum hourly rates of motormen and conductors, for 1914 and 1919, in representative cities. The informa- tion was compUed from trade and labor publications and is beheved to be closely accurate,, except that the data for 1919 are not all for the same month. In most cases the rates shown are those which were in effect in September 1919. Full information was not available regarding hours of labor of motormen and conductors. In a few cities — notably Boston and Chicago — these employees are now on an 8-hour basis, but in most places the hours of labor are more than eight and are very ■complicated, owing to the adjustment of hours to traffic conditions. WAUJio JLIN VAitiOUS INDUSTRIES. 55 MAXIMUM HOURLY RATES OF WAGES OF MOTORMEN AND CONDUCTORS ON, STREET RAILWAYS IN VARIOUS CITIES. 1911, 1914 and 1919. (All entries for 1919 are for January, except as otherwise specified.) Cities. 1911 1914 1919 Per cent increase 1919 OTcr 1914. NOBTH ATLAXnC. Albany, N. Y . : 127.0 128.9 »32.0 "27.0 127.5 27.5 28.0 24.0 27.5 24.0 25.0 27.5 27.5 27.5 127.5 27.5 27.5 27.5 27.5 125.0 127.5 127.5 122.0 27.0 21.0 127.5 25.0 35.0 24.0 •$2.70 •2.60 • 3.50 • 2.50 ' 3.50 ■ 2.50 130.0c 25.0 27.0 27.5 126.5 27.5 127.0 126.6 27.5 '$2.85 26.5c 27.5 24.0 27.0 128.5 127.5 20.0 27.5 28.5 23.0 122.0 121.0 123.0 21.5 125.0 22.0 125.0 120.0 122.0 25.0 126.0 23.25 125.0 126.0 28.0 31.3 33.0 28.0 28.5 28.0 30.0 25.0 28.0 27.0 29.0 28.0 29.0 28.0 28.5 28.0 28.0 28.0 28.0 26.0 28.5 28.5 25.0 28.0 23.0 27.5 28.0 37.6 25.0 •$2.85 « 2.70 • 3.75 ' 2.60 • 3.75 • 2.60 30.0c 27.0 28.5 28.0 28.0 28.0 28.5 26.5 30.5 $2.85 28. 5e 28.0 36.0 28.0 28.5 28.5 22.5 28.0 28. 6 25.0 22.0 21.0 22.0 25.0 26.0 27.0 25.0 20.0 22.0 25.0 26.0 24.0 26.0 27.0 40.0 60.0 62.0 56.5 50.0 51.0 48.0 54.0 51.0 55.0 45.0 51.0 47.0 51.0 50.0 51.0 51.0 51.0 51.0 55.0 50.0 50.0 35.0 35.0 35.0 50.0 •62.0 *79.0 •57.0 •$4.96 • 4.96 •6.32 •4.56 ' 6.32 « 4.56 •S4.0c 45.0 56.0 51.0 51.0 51.0 45.0 49.0 47.6 3$3.87 45.0c 51.0 42.0 40.0 46.0 60.0 42.5 Sl.O 43.0 40.0 29.0 40.0 44.6 44.0 50.0 48.0 42.0 32.0 36.0 35.0 37.0 42.0 42.0 37.0 42.9 Boston, Maes. 91.7 Elevated lines. 87.8 Conductors 101.8 75.4 82.1 Buffalo, N. Y 60.0 Butler, Pa 116.0 82.1 103.7 55.2 Fall River, Mass S2.1 62.7 82.1 75.4 82.1 82.1 82:1 82.1 111.5 75.4 75.4 Montpelier, Vt 40.0 Nashua, N H 25.0 Newburgh. N. Y .52.2 81.8 New York, N. Y. Brooklyn Rapid Transit. 121.4 Elevated. 110.7- 128.0 New York RaUway Co. All lines except horse and storage battery. 74.0 83.7 Elevated lines. 68.5 75.4 68.5 75.4 Pittsburgh, Pa 80.0 Fottsville, Pa . 66.7 96.5 82.1 Rochester. N. Y 82.1 82.1 Schenectady, N. Y 57.9 84.9 55.7 35.8 Syracuae, N. Y 57.9 32. 1 61.5 Troy, N. Y 42.9 Utica, NY 67.9 75.4 88.0 82.1 50.9 eOTTTH ATUjmc. Atlanta, Ga 60.0 31.8 Charleston. S C 90.6 Columbia, S. C Aflheville, N. C 102.3 76.0 92.3 77.8 Galveston, Texas 68.0 Citv lines 60.0 59.1 Little Rock, Ark 40.0 McAllister Okla 42.3 New Orleans, La 75.0 61.6 37.0 56: WAGES IN VARIOUS INDUSTRIES. MAXIMUM HOURLY RATES OF WAGES OF MOTORMEN AND CONDUCTORS ON STREET RAILWAYS IN VARIOUS CITIES; 1911, 1914 AND 1919 (Continued). Cities. 1911 1914 1919 Per cent increase 1919 over 1914. NOBTH CbNTKAL. Alton, lU. Doubb track Single track Akron, Ohio. Intenirban City.. ^ Battle Creek, Mioli Burlington, Iowa Chicago, lU. Motormen on all except northwestern division Conductors Surface lines Cincinnati, Ohio . J . Cleveland, Ohio, .' Columbus, Ohio.' Motormen Conductors Davenport, Iowa Des Moiues, Iowa Detroit, Mich Dubuque, Iowa East Liverpool, Ohio Qalesburg, III Gary, Ind IndianapoUs, Ind Jackson, Mich . . b Joliet, III. City lines Interurban lines Kalamazoo, Mich .' ■ La Crosse, Wis , Lansing, Mich Madison,' Wis Mansfield, Ohio Niles, Ohio Omaha, Nebr Portsmouth, Ohio Rook Island, 111 Steuben-ville, Ohio Toledo, Ohio Wheelingi W. Va Youngatown, Ohio Western. Butte, Mont Colorado Springs, Colo Oakland, Cal Ogden, Utah Portland, Oregon Sacramento, Cal Salt I,ake City, Utah San Francisco, Cal. (Municipal Railway) Seattle, Wash. (Benton & Southern Railway) . . Stockton, Cal 26.5 27.5 27.0 24.0 25.0 20.0 32.0 25.5 30.0 23.0 '30.0 '25.0 26.0 28.0 28.0 23.0 29.0 22.0 30.0 24.0 25.0 25.0 26.0 25.0 23.0 25.0 24.0 123.0 28.0 28.0 '22.0 26.0 25,0 '25.0 27,0 28.0 '45,0 30,0 '40.0 27.0 30.0 '32.0 31.0 '37.5 30.0 27.0 26.5 27.5 31.0 29.0 26.0 24.0 34,0 27,0 32.0 27,0 30,0 27.0 27.0 28,0 29,0 32,0 25,0 30.0 24.0 30.0 27.0 26.0 26.0 27,0 26.0 25,0 26.0 24.0 24.0 31.0 29.0 25.0 28.0 29,0 27.0 29.0 31.0 45.0 30.0 40,0 30.0 31.0 32.0 33.0 37.5 32.0 30.0 51.0 51.0 49,0 48.0 42,0 42,0 67.0 62,0 65.0 50.0 60,0 47.0 45.0 60.0 60.0 60.0 42,0 50,0 42,0 48,0 39.0 42.0 54,0 60,0 42.0 40.0 42,0 42.0 45.0 48.0 45.0 42,0 60.0 50,0 46,0 50.0 48.0 65.0 37.0 42,0 45.0 50.0 46.0 47.0 56.3 61.1 45.0 92.5 85.5 58.1 65.5 61.5 75.0 97.1 129.6 103.1 85.2 100.0 74.1 66.7 114.2 106.9 87.5 68.0 66.7 75.0 60.0 44.4 61,5 107.7 122,2 61.5 60.0 61.5 7S.0 87.5 54.8 55.2 68.0 114.3 72.4 70.4 72.4 54;, 8 44.4 23.3 5,0 50.0 61.3 43.8 42.4 50.0 90.9 50.0 'Year 1912. 'Year 1913. •Per 4ay; hours not reported. •Per day of 10 hours. •Per day of 8 hours. •August, 1919. PART n. EARNINGS. WAGES IN VARIOUS INDUSTRIES. CHAPTER 22. Eahnings in Various Manufacturing Industries of the United States. For a period of several years the United States Bureau of Labor Statistics has collected and published monthly, in its Monthly Labor Review, statistics as to the number of persons employed and total amount of pay roll in certain important manufacturing industries. The number and size of the establishments covered are sufficient to make the results obtained very representative. The number of persons employed means, in each case, the number of persons on the payroll during the period reported upon. It is thus not a true measure of actual employment and the amount of the payroll divided by the number of persons on the payroll does not give the true average earnings per individual. In general, average earnings shown by such division will be somewhat smaller than the true earnings owing to the inclusion of persons who did not work the full payroll period. In spite of this defect, however, the averages thus obtained are very useful, particularly as indicating the comparative earnings in different indus- tries and the trend of earnings within the same industry. The following table gives for each of the industries covered by the Bureaus' report the per capita earnings per week in Januray 1915, and in July 1919. In a few instances the data were not available as early as January in 1915. The exceptions are noted in the table. In considering the figures of the table it is to be borne in mind that changes in earnings from year to year may be due to changes in hours of labor or overtime work, and the figures are thus id no way indicative of wage rates. Another point to be noted is that, while the payroll period in most cases was one week, Lq a few cases it was two weeks and in the case of two industries it was a half month. In reducing the figures for these industries to a weekly basis, the average earnings for two weeks payroll have been divided by two and those for a half month payroll period have been divided by the number of days in the particular month and then multiplied by seven. This adjustment, in itself, introduces another element of error which prevents the averages from being any more than roughly indicative of actual earnings. 60 WAGES IN VARIOUS INDUSTRIES. ;\ '■'^ PBE CAPITA WEEKLY EARNINGS IN VARIOUS INDUSTRIES - 1915 and 1919. (Compiled from Monthly Labor Reviews of U. S. Bureau of Labor Statistics.) Industry. Per capita earnings per week. 1915 Jan. 1919 July. Per cent Increase. Number on payroll. 1915 Jan. 1919 July. Amount of payroll. 1915 Jan. 1919 July. Boots and^shoes Cotton finishing Ootton -manufacturing. . . . Hosiery and underwear Iron and steel Men's rendymade clothing. Silk manufacturing Woolen manufacturing .... Car building and repairing Cigar manufacturing Automobile manufacturing Leather manufacturing Pa4»€!r making S12.12 10.54 8.31 7.75 11 76 11.92 8.99 9.70 113 20 >9.33 '17.23 11.76 13.20 $20.91 22.27 18.04 16.39 26.94 24.43 17.56 21.02 23.69 17.13 27.74 23.08 22.45 73 111 117 111 129 105 95 117 79 84 61 96 70 56,929 12,597 59,694 27,467 100,792 19,053 17,033 17,057 •32,775 224,086 '52,171 14,946 14,505 47,008 14,801 56,885 28,242 169,335 16,861 15,544 45,790 49,7.37 14,022 99,303 17,175 24,481 S690 132 496 212 2,626 227: 306 165; ■865, 2224. •898; 175, 191, ,080 ,768 ,349 ,736 ,997 085 ,260 ,421 315 736 866 808 456 $982,778 329,566 1,026,176 462,837 10,102,974 411,908 545,795 962,529 2,609,108 240,192 2,754,297 396,421' 549,586 'February. ■March. '■ 'Noyember. WAGES IN VARIOUS INDUSTRIES. .61 CHAPTER 23. Earnings in Manufacturing Industries of New Yokk State. The average weekly earnings of employees in the manufactur- ing industries of New York state are pubhshed in the Labor Market Bulletin of the Bureau of Statistics and Information of the New York Industrial Commission. These figures are based upon returns from a large number of employers giving total employment Mid total payroll in their estabUshments. As indicating the comprehensive char- acter of the data obtained the Bulletin states that returns were m^de by 1,648 representative firms with over 550,000 employees, or more than one-third of the factory workers in the State, and a weekly payroll of over $12,000,000. In considering these data it is important to bear in mind that they deal solely with earnings, and not with rates of pay, and that the earn- ings of an employee are, of course, dependent upon the amount of time worked. The information regarding average weekly earnings is showil by months from June 1914 to June 1919, inclusive in the first of the two following tables, taken from the June 1919 issue of the Bulletin. The second table shows the average weekly earnings by industries for Juiie 1914 and June 1919. AVERAGE WEEKLY EARNINGS IN REPRESENTATIVE NEW YORK'STATE ' FACTORIES. ■ ■ (Includee all employees in both ofBce and shop.) (From The Labor Market Bulletin of the New York State Industrial Commiasoi, June, 1S19.) 1914 1915 1916 1917 •1918 1919 Month. Week including 15th of month. Week including 15th of month. Week including 15th of month. Week including 15th of montdb. Week inchiding 16th of month. WeA 'iSthoI* month. $12.44 12.41 12.65 12.54 12.74 12.81 12.66 12.89 12.86 13.30 13.45 13.49 $13.63 13.77 13.96 14.15 14.24 14.41 14.11 14.44 14.87 14.95 15.16 15.61 $15.28 16.31 15.79 16.50 16.08 16.20 16.17 16.44 16.97 17.33 17.69 17.71 i$16.81 17.66 18.71 19.26 19.91 20.44 20.78 21.23 22.31 22.34 521.60 23.18 $23 03 22.07 March 22.20 April 22 11 iSy 22.23 $12.70 12.54 12.53 12.48 12.26 12.32 12.56 22 61 July October December $12.48 $12.85 $14.43 $16.37 $20.35 ^Drop in January, 1918, was due to Fuel P dminietrator's closing order for January lS-22. *Drop in November, 1918, was due to closing of factories on November 11, Armistice Day. Note. — The average weekly earning is obtained by dividing the total weekly payroll by the total number of employees on the payroll for ths given week. 62 WAGES IN VARIOUS INDUSTRIES. AVKEAGE WEEKLY EARNINGS IN JUNE IN REPRESENTATIVE NEW YORK STATE FACTORIES. CFrw (Includes all employeefi in both ofiBce and ahop.) [ The Labor Market Bulletin of the New Ydrk State Industrial Commission, June, 1919) Industry. 1914 Stone, day and Qlaas Products Mi£»oellaneous stone and mineral products . Lime, oement and plaster Brick, tile and pottery GlasB Metals, Maohinery and Conveyances Gold, silver and precious stones Brass, copper, aluminum, etc Pig iron and rolling mill products Structural and architectural iron work Sheet metal work and hardware Firearms, tools and cutlery Cooking, heating and ventilating apparatus. Machinery (including electrical apparatus) Automobiles, carriages and aeroplanes Cars, locomotives and railway repair shops. . ' Boat and shipbuilding Instruments and appliances Wood Manufactures Saw mill and planing mill products Furniture and cabinet work Pianos, organs and other musical instruments. Misoellaiieous wood and allied products Furs, Leather and Rubber Goods Leather Furs and fur goods Boots and shoes Miscellaneous leather and canvas goods. Rubber and gutta percha goods Pearl, horn, bone, celluloid, hair, etc Chemicals, Oils, Paints, Etc ' Drucs and chemicals Paints, dye« and colors Animal and mineral oil products. Miscellaneous ehemical products. P«per Printing and Paper Goods Paper bexee and tubes Miscellaneous paper goods Printing and book making Textiles Silk and silk goods Wool manufactures Cotton goods Cotton and woolen hosiery and knit goods. Other textiles and allied products Clothing, Millinery, Laundering, Etc. Men's clothing Men's shirts and furnishinga Women's clothing Women's underwear and furnishings Women's headwear MisoeUaneous sewing Laundering, cleaning, dyeing etc Food, Liquors and Tobacco . Flour, feed and other cereal products Fruit and vegetable canning and preserving Groceries not elsewhere claasiBed Slaughtering, meat packing and dairy products. Bread and other bakery products Confectionery and ice cream Beverages Cigars and other tobacco products Water, Light and Power Total.... Per cent increase. $12.69 15.50 13.66 11.26 12.10 14.37 14.28 12.67 15.84 14.85 12.48 13.50 13.76 14.51 16.53 14.62 17.86 13.69 12.03 12.65 12.61 11.43 10.96 11.74 11.03 13.10 12.42 11.11 10.99 9.57 13.42 13.25 13.88 13.03 14.02 12.76 15.11 10.20 11.72 16.84 9.71 9.90 10.12 9.63 9.02 10.05 10.88 12.01 9.31 12.80 8.94 11.93 8.34 8.96 11.72 14.62 7.28 13.32 14.49 11.61 9,30 19.73 9.10 15.96 $12.70 HD4975.B8™" ""'"""•' "-'""^ Wages in various industries.A summary of 3 1924 001 684 137