y^^^mmmmm^^m^imm^i ¥ m..v -WM: h ji^.^>:-: ■$: CORNELL UNIVERSITY LIBRARY FROM F 472B9''h67" """""•" '""'"'>' "'^iSIilflllllllllllwiiiSiitefli.,^^^ Missouri : c olin 3 1924 028 846 421 Overs Cornell University Library The original of tiiis book is in the Cornell University Library. There are no known copyright restrictions in the United States on the use of the text. http://www.archive.org/details/cu31924028846421 4 ""^ m *^; Joseph Robidoux THE HISTORY OF BUCHANAN COUNTY, MISSOURI, CONTAINING A HISTORY OF THE COUNTY, ITS CITIES, TOWNS, ETC., BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES OF ITS CITIZENS, BUCHANAN COUNTY IN THE LATE WAR, GENERAL AND LOCAL STATISTICS, PORTRAITS OF EARLY SETTLERS AND PROMINENT MEN, HISTORY OF MISSOURI, MAP OF BUCHANAN COUNTY, ETC., ETC. ILLUSTRATED. ST. JOSEPH, MC: * (UNION HISTORICAL COMPANY, V\Oa V ■ Entered according to Act of Congress, in the year 1881, by BIRDSALL, WILLIAMS & CO., in the Office of the Librarian of Congress, at Washington, D. C. ST. JOSEPH, MO., St. Joseph Steam Prihtikg Company, Printers, Binders, Etc, 1881. CI^ CI> U MT F=* L./\ T T E PREFACE, After months of unceasing toil, we have completed the history of Buchanan County. The result proves that we did not overestimate the importance and difficulty of the task. The importance and difficulty of the work result from the same cause, viz : The almost total lack in many instances of reliable data. This difficulty, however, has in a meas- ure been overcome by a systematic canvass of the county, whereby we have been enabled to gather together, glean and compile into compre- hensible and permanent form, what, until now, has floated about in the changing mists of tradition ; the reader will readily realize how difficult has been this task, and how important that the work is done at this com- paratively early date. . The first settlers who acted so important a part in the history of the county, and who heretofore have been the sole cus- todians of much material essential for such a work as this, are rapidly disappearing from among us, and those who remain become less and less reliable as year by year the memory of early times grows indistinct. The importance ol the work is enhanced by the fact, that Buchanan county is one of the chief agricultural counties of the State, and further, by the fact, that it contains in point of population the third city in the State. In order to devote that attention to the various interests of the county which its importance demanded, we supposed it would be neces- sary to make a book of from eight to nine hundred pages. The publica- tion of such a book for a patronage limited to a single county was a hazardous undertaking, viewed from a business standpoint. Much solic- IV PREFACE. itude was felt on this account during the first stages of the enterprise but what misgivings we may have felt, have been dispelled by the gen- erous patronage afforded by the people of the county. We have been so far encouraged by the patronage vouchsafed, that the work has been extended to beyond what was originally intended, and instead of a book of from eight to nine hundred pages as promised in our prospectus, the book approximates eleven hundred pages. Our solicitude for the success of the enterprise in a business sense was natural, but it has not been our sole solicitude ; we have likewise intensely desired to make the work reliable, full and attractive, and thereby to merit the public favor, which the people of.the county have extended to us. In presenting the work to our many hundred readers, we have the satisfaction of knowing that they will. appreciate merit when found, and of further believing that errors will be criticised with the understanding that book-making, like all other kinds of labor, has its peculiar vicissitudes. The publishers avail themselves of this opportunity to thank all who have aided in the preparation of this book ; whatever of merit the his- tory of Buchanan County may contain is due, in a large measure, to their assistance. To each and all of our patrons we come with the satisfaction of knowing that we bring what we guaranteed, and in the belief that should any of them not appreciate the work, the time will come when their children will. THE PUBLISHERS. CONTENTS '•0^0«'i HISTORY OF MISSOURI. CHAPTER T. LOUISIANA PURCHASE- Brief Historical Sketch . Page. CHAPTER I[. DESCRIPTIVE AND GEOGRAPHICAL— Name — Extent — Surface — Rivers — Timber — Climate — Prairies — Soils — Population by Counties 14 CHAPTER III. GEOLOGY OF MISSOURI— Classification of Rocks — Quarternary Formation — Tertiary — Cretaceous — Carboniferous — Devonian — Silurian — Azoic — Economic Geology — Coal — li-on — Lead — Copper- Zinc— Build- ing Stone — Marble — Gypsum — Lime Paints— Springs— Water Puwer ... 20 CHAPTER IV. TITLE AND EARLY SETTLEMENTS— Title to Missouri Lands — Right of Discovery — Title of France and Spain — Cession to the United States — Ter- ritorial Changes — Treaties with In- dians — First Settlement — Ste. Gene- vieve and New Bourbon — St. Louis — When Incorporated — Potosi — St. Charles — Portage Des Sioux — New Madrid — St. Francois County — Perry — Mississippi — Loutre Island — " Boone's Lick " — Cole Sans Dessein — Howard County- Some First Things — Counties — When Organized ... 26 CHAPTER V. TERRITORIAI. ORGANIZATION— Organization 1812 — Council— House of Representatives — Wm. Clark First Territorial Governor — Edward Hemp- stead First Delegate — Spanish Grants — First General Assembly — Proceed- ings — Second Assembly — Proceedings — Population of Territory— Vote of Territory — Rufus Easton — Absent members — Third Assembly — Proceed- ings — Application for Admission . . 32 CHAPTER VI. MISSOURI ADMITTED INTO THE UNION- Application of Missouri to be Admit- ted into the Union — Agitation of the Slaver) Question — " Missouri Compro- Page. mise" — Constitutional Convention of 1820 — Constitution Presented to Con- gress — Further Resistance to Admis- sion — Mr. Clay and his Committee Make Report — Second Compromise — Missouri Admitted . *. 35 CHAPTER VII. MISSOURI AS A STATE— First Election for Governor and Other State Officers — Senators and Represen- tatives to General Assembly*— Sheriffs and Coroiiers — United States Senators — Representatives in Congress — Su- preme Court Judges — Counties Organ- ized — Capital Moved to St. Charles — Official Record of Territorial and State Officers '. . 40 CHAPTER VIII, EARLY MILITARY RECORD— Black Hawk War — Mormon Difficul- ties — Florida War — Mexican War . 46 CHAPTER IX. CIVIL WAR IN MISSOURI— Fort Sumpter Fired Upon — Call fot 7S,ooo Men — Gov. Jackson . Refuses to Furnish a Man — U. S. Arsenal at Mo , Seized — Proclamation of Gov. Jackson — General Order No 7— Leg- islature Convenes — Camp Jackson Organized — Sterling Price Appointed Major General — Frost's Letter to Lyon — Lyon's Letter to Frost — Sur- render of Camp Jackson — Proclama- tion of Gen. Harney — Conference Be- tween Price and Harney — Harney Superceded by Lyon — Second Confer- ence — Governor Jackson Burns the Bridges Behind Him — Proclamation of Gov. Jackson — Gen. Blair Takes Possession of Jefferson City — Trocla- mation of Lyon — Lyon at Springfield — State Offices Declared Vacant — Gen. Fremont Assumes Command— r Proclamation of Lieut. Gov. Rey- nolds — Proclamation of Jeff. Thomp- son and Gov. Jackson — Death of Gen. Lyon — Succeeded by Sturgis — Pro- clamation of M'CuUough and Gamble — Martial Law Declared — Second Proclamation of Jeff. Thompson — President Modifies Fremont's Order — VI CONTENTS. Page. Fremont Relieved by Hunter — Pro- clamation of Price — Hunter's Order of Assessment — Hunter Declares Martial LSw — Order Relating to Newspaper^ — Halleck Succeeds Hun- ter— Halleck's Order 8t— Similar Or- der by Halleck — Boone Cbanty Standard Confiscated — Execution of Prisoners at Macon and Palmyra — Gen. Ewing's Order No. ii — Gen. Rosecrans Takes Command — Massa- cre at Centralia — Death of Bill An- derson — Gen. Dodge Succeeds Gen. Rosecrans— List of Battles . ... 51 CHAPTER X. AGRICULTURAL AND MATERIAL WEALTH Missouri as an Agricultural State — The Different Crops — Live Stock — Horses and Mules — Milch Cows — Oxen and Other Cattle — Sheep— ;Hogs — Comparisons — Missouri Adapted to Live Stock — Cotton — Broom Corn and Other Products — Fruits — Berries —Grapes — Railroads — First Neigh of the "Iron Horse" In Missouri — Names of Railroads — Manufactures — Great Bridge at St. Louis 60 CHAPTER XI. Page. EDUCATION— Public School System —Public School System of Missouri — Lincoln Insti- tute—Officers of Public School Sys- tem—Certificates of Teachers— Uni- versity of Missouri — Schools — Col- leges — Institutions of Learning — Lo- cation — Libraries — Newspapers and Periodicals— No. of School Children — Amount Expended — Value of Grounds and Buildings — "The Press" 66 CHAPTER XII. RELIGIOUS DENOMINATIONS— Baptist Church— Its History — Congre- gational — When Founded — Its His- tory — Christian Church — Its History — Cumberland Presbyterian Church — Its History— Methodist Episcopal Church — Its H istory — Presbyterian Church — Its History — Protestant Episcopal Church — Its History — United Presbyterian Church — Its His- tory — Unitarian Church-Its History — Roman Catholic Church— Its History 73 HISTORY OF BUCHANAN COUNTY CHAPTER I. Page. 96 PREFATORY- The County, Its Location and Name — Plan and Scope of This Work ... 79 CHAPTER II. PHYSICAL FEATURES— Location — Boundary — Civil and Con- gressional Townships — Surface — Riv- ers — Lakes — Timber — Its Importance to Early Settlers — Climate- Rainfall— Health— Soil— Prairie— Waste Land. 87 CHAPTER III. GEOLOGY OF BUCHANAN COUNTY- CHAPTER IV, PLATTE PURCHASE— The Platte Country — Correspondence in Reference Thereto — Meeting at Liberty, Missouri— Its Object — Memo- rial — Efforts of Benton and Linn — ■ Treaty with the lowas, Sacs and Fox Indians 104 CHAPTER V. EARLY SETTLEMENTS— Importance of First Settlements — When Settlements First Commenced— Settlement of Platte Township — Jack- son Township— Crawford— Blooming- ton— Centi-e — Rush — Agency — Ma- rion — Wayne — Lake — Washington . 112 CHAPTER VL Page. PIONEER LIFE— Tne Pioneers' Peculiarities — Conven- iences and Inconveniences — The His- torical Log Cabin — Agricultural Im- plements — Household Furniture — Pioneer Corn-bread — Hand Mills and Hominy Blocks — Going to Mill — Trading Points — Bee Trees— Shooting Matches and Quiltings 141 CHAPTER VII. ORGANIZATION— Legislative Act Organizing Buchanan and Platte Counties — Appointment of Commissioners to Locate County Seat • — Organization of the County — First Court — County and Township System — Government Surveys — Organiza- tion of Townships — Boundaries of Same Established — Proceedings of First Court — Election Precincts — Roads — Ferries . . • 152 CHAPTER Vllt. THE FIRST RECORDS- 169 CHAPTER IX. FIRST COURT HOUSE— First Court House— Further Extracts from County Court Records — Early Papers On File — Circuit Court Docket CONTENTS. VU Page. — First Cases-^Bills of Indictment — Chancery "Court Docket 179 CHAPTER X. SECOND COURT HOUSE— Second Court House ordered to be Built at Sparta— Six Thousand Dol- lars to be Appropriated Therefor — Agitation of the Countjf Seat Ques- tion — Legislative Enactment — Vote upon the Question — County Seat Fi- nally Changed — Commissioner Hinks- ton's Report 188 CHAPTER XI. MEXICAN WAR— OREGON EXPEDITION— The Interest Taken by Buclianan County in the Mexican War — Compa- nies Organized — General James W. Denver — Captain Jesse B. Moran — Doniphas's Expedition — Oregon Bat- talion — Officers — Service and Return 197 CHAPTER XII. THE CALIFORNIA GOLD EXCITEMENT- CHAPTER XIII. THE COUNTY LUNATIC ASYLUM, POOR HOUSE AND FARM- CHAPTER XIV. FINANCIAL AND POLITICAL— 221 CHAPTER XV. BENCH AND BAR- Andrew S. Hughes— Wm. B. Al- mond — Theodore L. Wheaton — Peter H. Burnett — Henry M. Voiies — James K . Gardenhire — David R. Atchison — Willard P. Hall — Solomon L. Leon- ard-Bela M. Hughes-Silas Woodson - Robert M. Stewart— J. M. Bassett— Benjamin F. Loan- A.W. Doniphan— Names of Other Attorneys who Came at a More Recent Date 229 Page. CHAPTER XVI. CRIMES, INCIDENTS, AND ACCIDENTS— 225 CHAPTER XVII. AGRICULTURAL— Review of the Progress of Agricultu- ral Enterprise- Fairs and Expositions - State Fish Hatchery 284 CHAPTER XVIII. REUNION— Of Old Settlers of the Platte Purchase at St. Joseph, Missouri, September, 1874, and Set)tember, 1875 — Bishop Marvin's Letter— Addresses — Names of Old Settlers 304 CHAPTER XIX. BUCHANAN COUNTY DURING THE WAR ^ @ CHAPTER XX. COURT HOUSE- Second Court House — New Court - House — Ceremonies at Laying Comer Stone — Address of Col. John Doni- ptan 334 CHAPTER XXI. CHURCHES IN RURAL DISTRICTS- -. . . . 344 CHAPTER XXII. SCHOOLS- 349 CHAPTER XXIII. OFFICIAL DIRECTORY— 367 CHAPTER XXIV. HAMLETS AND VILLAGES- DeKalb — Rushville — Winthrop — Agency — Halleck — Wallace — Ar- noldsville — Frazer — Eveline — Lake Station — Easton — Saxton's Station — Schools — Churches — Secret Orders, Etc 370 HISTORY OF ST. JOSEPH. CHAPTER I. Page. INTRODUCTORY- HOW Ancient jCities were Founded and Built — The Considerations Deter- mining their Location — How Modern Cities are Built, and the Considera- tions Determining their Location — American Cities, how Located and how Built— Western Cities— The Im- , portance of Transportation Facilities — The People who Determine the Lo- cation, and Why — " Motion Follows the Line of Least Resistance." . . . 38s CHAPTER II. Page., EARLY EXPEDITIONS AND SETTLE- MENTS— The Fur Companies— The First Set- tlement of Blacksnake Hills — Robi- doux' Portrait — His Lithograph — Bio- graphical Sketch — Locates at Chicago — Then at the Bluffs— Then at Roy's Branch and Blacksnake Hills — 1834- 1 836 — Robidoux' Home — Employes — Servant — Ferry — From 1837 to 1840 — Rival Towns — Mission of Three Gentlemen — Wolves .... 389 VIU CONTENTS. CHAPTER III. Page. FROM 1840 TO 1843— Arrival of Settlers — Smal Beginning Four Thousand Dollar Burglary — Audubon — Laying Off the Town — Declaration of Proprietor — Certifica;te — Acknowledgement — Reservation of Lots — Streets — Additions — First Con - veyance 400 CHAPTER IV. OLD SETTLERS AND WHAT THEY DID- Postmasters of St. Joseph — Business Men of 1845 — Professional Men — Prices Current — Fourth of July Cele- bration — Letters — Meeting of Physi- cians — Interesting Incidents, Etc . . 413 CHAPTER V. CITY OFFICERS— 1845 TO 1881- CHAPTER VI. NEWSPAPERS- CHAPTER VII. CHURCHES OF ST. JOSEPH- CHAPTER VIII. 440 459 474 Page. SECRET AND BENEVOLENT SOCIETIES IN BUCHANAN COUNTY- CHAPTER IX. PUBLIC SCHOOLS OF ST. JOSEf H- 506 S3I CHAPTER X. RAILROADS— Hannibal & St. Joseph, Railroad — St. Joseph & Western Railroad — The Kansas City, St. Jjseph & Council Bluffs Railroad — St. Louis & St. Joseph Railroad — Missouri Pacific Railway — St. Joseph & Des Moines Railroad 569 CHAPTER XI. • TRADE, COMMERCE, ETC.— Board of Trade — Its Officers and Mem- bers—Wholesale Trade — Sewerage — Street Railways— Gas Works— Water Works^St. Joseph Clearing House- Union Stock Yards — Live Stock- Packing House— Ice —Opera House — City Hall— Chamber of Commerce — Custom House and Postoffice — Glucose Works — Star Pieserving Works— Produce Packing — Military — Telephone— Telegraph Statistics- Express Companies — Postoffice — In- ternal Revenue-Grain-City Finances. $88 ' CHAPTER XII. COLLEGES, BANKS, ETC.— . Medical Colleges — Banks and Bank- ers — Insurance Companies — Real Estate Associations — Hotels — Manu- facturing Interests — Mills and Manu- factories—Wholesale Houses. . . . 616 CHAPTER XIII. INTERESTING EVENTS— Horace Greeley — Lincoln — Seward- Seward's Speech — Grant — Sherman — Hayes— Park and Boulevard— New Ulm Park— Cemeteries — Death of ._^ Joseph Rubidoux — Pony Express — /-^\ Homes of St. Joseph— Tom Farris . , 637 CHAPTER XIV. "" THE GREAT IRON BRIDGE AND UNION DEPOT— History of the Bridge — Description — Celebration in Honor of Its Comple- tion—Railroad Traffic Over It— Foot and Wagon Traffic — Union Depot — Description — Its Necessity — Import ■ ance to St. Joseph 647 CHAPTER XV. FIRE DEPARTMENT OF ST. JOSEPH— Its Origin, Growth and Subsequent Importance . . . . ' 657 BIOGRAPHICAL. dry OF St. Joseph and Washington Township 659 Marion Township 955 Tremont Township 966 Agency Township 975 Center Township 984 Wayne Township 999 Lake Township 1008 Rush Township 1009 Bloomington Township ... .... 1020 Crawford Township 1042 Jackson Township 1056 Platte Township 1065 Addenda 1073 LITHOGRAPHIC PORTRAITS. Joseph Robidoux Frontispiece. Israel Landis 681 R T. Davis 745 A. N. Schuster 809 W. R. Penick 850 W. C. Toole 917 C W. Campbell 937 S. L. Leonard • . . .1000' History of Missouri, CHAPTER I. LOUISIANA PURCHASE. BRIEF HISTORICAL SKETCH. The purchase of the vast territory west of the Mississippi River, by the United States, extending through Oregon to the Pacific coast and south to the dominions of Mexico, constitutes the most important event that ever occurred in the history of the nation. It gave to our republic additional room for that expansion and stu- pendous growth, to which it has since attained, in all that makes it strong and enduring, and forms the seat of an empire, from which will radiate an influence for good unequaled in the annals of time. In 1763, one hundred and eighteen years ago, the irrtmense region of country, known at that time as Louisiana, was ceded to Spain by France. By a secret article, in the treaty of St. Ildefonso, concluded in 1800, Spain ceded it back to France. Napoleon, at that time, coveted the island of St. Domingo, not only because of the value of its products, but more especially because its location in the Gulf of Mexico would, in a military point of view, afford him a fine field, whence he could the more effec- tively guard his newly acquired possessions. Hence he desired this cession by Spain should be kept a profound secret until he succeeded in reducing St. Domingo to submission. In this undertaking, however, his hopes were blasted, and so great was his disappointment that he apparently became indifferent to the advantages to be derived to France from his purchase of Louisiana. In 1803' he sent out Laussat as prefect of the colony, who gave the people of Louisiana the first intimation that they had had, that they had once more become the subjects of France. This was the occasion of gjeat rejoicing among the inhabitants, who were Frenchmen in their •^origin, habits, manners and customs. lO HISTORY OF MISSOURI. Mr. Jefferson, then President of the United States, on being in- formed of the retrocession, immediately dispatched Instructions to Robert Livingston, the American Minister at Paris, to make known to Napoleon that the occupancy of New Orleans, by his government, would not only endanger the friendly relations existing between the two nations, but, perhaps, oblige the United States to make common cause with England, his bitterest and most dreaded enemy, as the possession of the city by France would give her command of the Mississippi, which was the only outlet for the produce of the Western States, and give her also control of the Gulf of Mexico, so necessary to the protection of American commerce. Mr. Jefferson was so fully impressed with the idea that the occupancy of New Orleans, by France, would bring about a conflict of interests between the two nations, which would finally cul- minate in an open rupture, that he urged Mr. Livingston, to not only insist upon the free navigation of the Mississippi, but to negotiate for the purchase of the city and the surrounding country. The question of this negotiation was of so grave a character to the United States that the President appointed Mr. Monroe, with full power, to act in conjunction with Mr. Livingston. Ever equal to all emergen- cies, and prompt in the cabinet, as well as in the field. Napoleon "came to the conclusion that, as he could not well defend his occupancy of New Orleans, he would dispose of it, on the best terms possible. Before, however, taking final action in the matter, he summoned two of his min- isters, and addressed them as follows : " I am fully sensible of the value of Louisiana, and it was my wish to repair the error of the French diplomatists who abandoned it in 1763. I have scarcely recovered it before I run the risk of losing it ; but if I am obliged to give it up, it shall hereafter cost more to those who force me to part with it, than to those to whom I shall yield it. The English have despoiled France of all her northern possessions in America, and now they covet those of the South. I am determined that they shall not have the Mississippi. Although Louisiana is but a trifle compared to their vast possessions in other parts of the globe, yet, judging from the vexation they have manifested on seeing it return to the power of France, I am certain that their first object will be to gain possession of it. They will probably commence the war in that quarter. They have twenty vessels in the- Gulf of Mexico, and our affairs in St. Domingo are daily getting worse since the death of LeClerc. The conquest of Lou- isiana might be easily made, and I have not a moment to lose in getting it out of their reach. I am not sure but that they have already begun an attack upon it. Such a measure would be in accordance with their habits ; and in their place I should not wait. I am inclined, in order to deprive them of all prospect of ever possessing it, to ce^^e it to the United States. Indeed, I can hardly say that I cede it, for I do not yet HISTORY OF MISSOURI. it possess it ; and if I wait but a short time my enemies may leave rtie Tiothing but an empty title to grant to the republic I wish to conciliate. 1 consider the whole colony as lost, and I believe that in the hands of this rising power it will be more useful to the political and even com- mercial interests of France than if I should attempt to retain it. Let me have both your opinions on the subject." One of his ministers approved of the contemplated cession, but the other opposed it. The matter was long and earnestly discussed by them, before the conference was ended. The next day Napoleon sent for the -minister who had agreed with him, and said to him : " The season for ■deliberation is over. I have determined to renounce Louisiana. I shall give up not only New Orleafts, but the whole colony, without reserva- tion. That I do not undervalue Louisiana, I have sufficiently proved, as the object of my first treaty with Spain was to recover it. But though I regret parting with it, I am convinced it would be folly to persist in try- ing to keep it. I commission you, therefore, to negotiate this affair with the envoys of the United States. Do not wait the arrival of Mr. Monroe, Tjut go this very day and confer with Mr. Livingston. Remember, however, that I need ample funds for carrying on the war, and I do not wish to commence it by levying new taxes. For the last century France and Spain have incurred great expense in the improvement ■of Louisiana, for which her trade has never indemnified them. Large sums have been advanced to different companies, which have never been returned to the treasury. It is fair that I should require repayment for these. Were I to regulate my demands by the importance of this terri- tory to the United States, they would be unbounded ; but, being obliged to part with it, I shall be moderate in my terms. Still, remember, I must have fifty millions of francs, and I will not consent to take less. I would rather make some desperate effort to Jireserve this fine country." That day the negotiations commenced. Mr. Monroe reached Paris on the 1 2th of April, and the two representatives of the United States, after holding a private interview, announced that they were ready to treat for the entire territory. Om the 30th of April, 1803, eighteen days afterward, the treaty was signed, and on the 21st of October, of the same year. Congress ratified the treaty. The United States were to pay $ii,250,cxx), and her citizens to be compensated for some illegal captures to the amount of $3,750,000, making in the aggregate the sum of $15,000,000, while it was agreed that the vessels and merchandise of France and Spain should be admitted into all the ports of Louisiana fre^ ■of duty for twelve years. Bonaparte stipulated in favor of Louisiana, that it should be, as soon as possible, incorporated into the Union, and that its inhabitants should enjoy the same rights, privileges and immuni- ties as other citizens of the United States, and the clause giving to them 12 HISTORY OF MISSOURI. these benefits, was drawn up by Bonaparte, who presented it to the plenipotentiaries with these words : " Make it known to the people of Louisiana, that we regret to part with them ; that we have stipulated for all the advantages they could desire ; and that France, in giving them up, has insured to them the greatest of all. They could never have pros- pered under any European government as they will when they become independent. But while they enjoy the privileges of liberty let them remember that they are French, and preserve for their mother country that affection which a common origin inspires." Complete satisfaction was given to both parties in the terms of the treaty. Mr. Livingston said : " I consider that from this day the United States takes rank with the first powers of Europe, and now she has entirely escaped from the power of England," and Bonaparte expressed a similar sentiment when he said : " By this cession of terri- tory I have secured the power of the United States, and given to England a maritime rival, who, at some future time, will humble her pride." These were prophetic words, for within a few years afterward the British met with a signal defeat, on the plains of the very territory of which the great Corsican had been speaking. From 1800, the date of the cession made by Spain, to 1803, when it was purchased by the United States, no change had been made by the French authorities in the jurisprudence of the Upper and Lower Louis- iana, and during this period the Spanish laws remained in full force as the laws of the entire province ; a fact which is of interest 'to those who would understand the legal history and some of the present laws of Missouri. On December 20th, 1803, Gens. Wilkinson and Claiborne, who were jointly commissioned to take possession of the territory for the United States, arrived in the city of New Orleans at the head of the American forces. Laussat, who had taken possession but twenty days previously as the prefect of the colony, gave up his command, and the star-spangled banner supplanted the tri-colored flag of France. The agent of France, to take possession of Upper Louisiana from the Spanish authorities, was Amos Stoddard, captain of artillery in the United States service. He was placed in possession of St. Louis on the 9th of March, 1804, by Charles Dehault Delassus, the Spanish commandant, and on the follow- ing day he transferred it to the United States. The authority of the United States in Missouri dates from this day. From that moment the interests of the people of the Mississippi Valley became identified. They were troubled no more with the uncer- tainties of free navigation. The great river, along whose banks they had planted their towns and villages, now afforded them a safe and easy outlet to the markets of the world. Under the protecting aegis of a government, republican in form, and having free access to an almost HISTORY OF MISSOURI. 1 3 boundless domain, embracing in its broad area the diversified climates of the globe, and possessing a soil unsurpassed for fertility, beauty of scenery and wealth of minerals, they had every incentive to push on their enterprises and build up the land wherein their lot had been cast. In the purchase of Louisiana, it was known that a great empire had been secured as a heritage to the people of our country, for all time to come, but of its grandeur, its possibilities, its inexhaustible resources and the important relations it would sustain to the nation and the world, were never dreamed of by even Mr. Jefferson and his adroit and accom- plished diplomatists. The most ardent imagination never conceived of the progress, which would mark the history of the " Great West.'' The adventurous pioneer, who fifty years ago pitched his tent upon its broad prairies, or threaded the dark labyrinths of its lonely forests, little thought that a mighty tide of physical and intellectual strength would so rapidly flow on in his footsteps, to populate, build up and enrich the domain which he had conquered. Year after year, civilization has advanced further and further, until at length the mountains, the plains, the hills and the valleys, and even the rocks and the caverns, resound with the noise and din of busy millions. " I beheld the westward marches Of the unknown crowded nations. All the land was full of people. Restless, struggling, toiling, striving, Speaking many tongues, yet feeling But one heartbeat in their bosoms. In the woodland rang their axes, Smoked their towns in all the valleys ; Over all the lakes and rivers Rushed their great canoes of thunder." In 1804 Congress, by an act, passed in April of the same year, divided Louisiana into two parts, the " Territory of Orleans," and the " District of Louisiana," known as "Upper Louisiana." This district included all that portion of the old province, north of "Hope Encamp- ment," on the Lower Mississippi, and embraced the present State of Missouri, and all the western region of country to the Pacific Ocean, and all below the forty-ninth degree of north latitude not claimed by Spain. As "a matter of convenience, on March 26th, 1804, Missouri was placed within the jurisdiction of the government of the Territory of Indiana, and its government put in motion by Gen. William H. Harrison, then governor of Indiana. In this he was assisted by Judges Griffin, Vanderberg and Davis, who established in St. Louis what were called Courts of Common Pleas. The District of Louisiana was regularly organized into the Territory of Louisiana by Congress, March 3d, 1805, H HISTORY OF MISSOURI. and President Jefferson appointed Gen. James Wilkinson governor, and Frederick Bates secretary. The Legislature of the Territory was formed by Governor Wilkinson and Judges R. J. Meigs and John B. C. Lucas.. In 1807 Governor Wilkinson was succeeded by Captain Meriwether Lewis, who had become famous by reason of his having made the expe- dition with Clark. Governor Lewis committed suicide in 1809, and President Madison appointed Gen. Benjamin Howard, of Lexington,. Kentucky, to fill his place. Gen. Howard resigned October 25, 1810, to- enter the war of 18 13, and died in St. Louis, in 18 14. Captain William Clark, of Lewis and Clark's expedition, was appointed governor in 18 10, to succeed Gen. Howard, and remained in. office until the admission of the State into the Union. The portions of Missouri which were settled, for the purpose of local government, were divided into four districts. Cape Girardeau was the first, and embraced the territory between Tywappity Bottom and Apple Creek. Ste. Genevieve, the second, embraced the territory from Apple Creek to the Meramec River. St. Louis, the third, embraced the terri- tory between the Meramec and Missouri Rivers. St. Charles, the fourth,, included the settled territory between the Missouri and Mississippi Rivers. The total population of these districts at that time was 8,670,. including slaves. The population of the district of Louisiana, when ceded to the United States, was 10,120. CHAPTER II. DESCRIPTIVE AND GEOGRAPHICAL. NAME-EXTENT— SURFACE— RIVERS— TIMBER— CLIMATE— PRAIRIES— SOILS- population: By COUNTIES. NAME. The name Missouri, is derived from the Indian tongue and signifies muddy. EXTENT. Missouri is bounded on the north by Iowa (from which it is separated for about thirty miles on the northeast by the DesMoines River), and on the east by the Mississippi River, which divides it from Illinois, Ken- tucky and Tennessee, and on the west by the Indian Territory, and by the states of Kansas and Nebraska. The state lies (with the exception of a small projection between the St. Francis and the Mississippi Rivers, which extends to 36°), between 36° 30' and 40° 36' north latitude, and between 12° 2' and 18° 51' west longitude from Washington. HISTORY OF MISSOURI. 1$ The extreme width of the state east and west is about 348 miles ; its width on its northern boundary, measured from its northwest corner along the Iowa line to its intersection with the DesMoines River, is about 210 miles; its width on its southern boundary is about 288 miles. Its average width is about 235 miles. The length of the state north and south, not including the narrow strip between the St. Francis and Mississippi Rivers, is about 282 miles. It is about 450 miles from its extreme northwest corner to its southeast corner, and from the northeast corner to the southwest corner it is about 230 miles. These limits embrace an ar«a of 65,350 square miles, or 41,824,000 acres, being nearly as large as England, and the states of Vermont and New Hampshire. SURFACE. North of the Missouri the state is level or undulating, while the por- tion south of that river (the larger portion of the state) exhibits a greater variety of surface. In the southeastern part is an extensive marsh, reaching beyond the state into Arkansas. The remainder of this portion, between the Mississippi^ and Osage Rivers, is rolling and gradually rising into a hilly and mountainous district, forniing the outskirts of the Ozark Mountains. Beyond the Osage River, at some distance, commences a vast expanse of prairie land, which stretches away towards the Rocky Mount- ains. The ridges forming the Ozark chain extend in a northeast and southwest direction, separating the waters that flow northeast into the Missouri from those that flow southeast into the Mississippi River. RIVERS. No state in the Union enjoys better facilities for navigation than Missouri. By means of the Mississippi River, which stretches along her entire eastern boundary, she can hold commercial intercourse with the most northern territory and state in the Union ; with the whole valley of the Ohio ; with many of the Atlantic States, and with the Gulf of Mexico. "Ay, gather Europe's royal rivers all — The snow-swelled Neva, with an Empire's weight On her broad breast, she yet may overwhelm ; Dark Danube, hurrying, as by foe pursued. Through shaggy forests and by palace walls, To hide its terrors in a sea of gloom ; The castled Rhine, whose vine-crowned waters flow, The fount of fable and the source of song ; The rushing Rhone, in whose cerulean depths The loving sky seems wedded with the wave ; The yellow Tiber, chok'd with Roman spoils, A dying miser shrinking 'neath his gold ; The Seine, where fashion glasses the fairest forms ; And Thames that bears the riches of the world ; l6 HISTORY OF MISSOURI. Gather their waters in one ocean mass, Our Mississippi rolling pfoudly on. Would sweep them from its path, or swallow up, Like Aaron's rod, these streams 6f fame and song." By the Missouri River she can extend her commerce to the Rocky Mountains, and receive in return the products which will come in the course of time, by its multitude of tributaries. The Missouri River coasts the northwest line of the state for about 250 miles, following its windings, and then flows through the state, a lit- tle south of east, to its junction with the Mississippi. The Missouri River receives a number of tributaries within the limits of the state, the principal of which are the Nodaway, Platte, Loutre and Chariton from the north, and the Blue, Sniabar, Grand, Osage and Gasconade from the south. The principal tributaries of the Mississippi within the state are the Salt River, north, and the Meramec River, south, of the Missouri. The St. Francis and White Rivers, with their branches, drain the southeastern part of the state and pass into Arkansas. The Osage is navigable for steamboats for more than 275 miles. There are a vast number of smaller streams, such as creeks, branches and rivers, which water the state in all directions. TIMBER. Not more towering, in their sublimity were the cedars of ancient Lebanon, nor more precious in their utility were the almug trees of Ophir, than the native forests of Missouri. The river bottoms are cov- ered with a luxuriant growth of oak, ash, elm, hickory, cottonwood, linn, white and black walnut, and in fact all the varieties found in the Atlantic and Eastern States. In the more barren districts- may be seen the white and pin oak, and in many places a dense growth of pine. The crab apple, pawpaw and persimmon are abundant, as also the hazel and pecan. CLIMATE. The climate of Missouri is, in general, pleasant and salubrious. Like that of North America, it is changeable and subject to sudden and sometimes extreme changes pf heat and cold ; but it is decidedly milder, taking the whole year through, than that of the same latitudes east of the mountains. While the summers are not more oppressive than 'they are in the corresponding latitudes on and near the Atlantic Coast, the v/inters are shorter, and very much milder, except during the morrth of February, and it has many days of pleasant sunshine. PRAIRIIOS. Missouri is a prairie state, especially that portion of it north and northwest of the Missouri Ri.'er. These prairies, along the water courses, abound with the thickest and most luxurious belts of timber, HISTORY OF MISSOURI. 1 7 while the "rolling" prairies occupy the higher portions of the country, the descent generally to the forest or bottom lands being over stony declivities. Many of these prairies, however, exhibit a graceful, waving surface, swelling and sinking with an easy slope and a full, rounded out- line, equally avoiding the unmeaning, horizontal surface and the inter- ruption of abrupt or angular elevations. These prairies often embrace extensive tracts of land, and in one or two instances they cover an area of fifty thousand acres. During the Spring and summer they are carpeted with a velvet of green and gaily . bedecked with flowers of various forms and hues, making a most fasci- nating panorama of ever changing color and loveliness. To fully appre- ciate their great beauty and magnitude they must be seen. SOIL. The soil of Missouri is good, and of great agricultural capabilities, but the most fertile portions of the state are the river bottoms, which are a rich alluvium, mixed in many cases with sand, the producing qual- ities of which are not excelled by the prolific valley of the famous Nile. South of the Missouri River there is a greater variety of soil, but much of it is fertile, and even in the mountains and mineral districts there are rich valleys, and about the sources of the White, Eleven Points, Current and Big Black Rivers the soil, though unproductive, fur- nishes a valuable growth of yellow pine. The marshy lands in the southeastern part of the state will, by a system of drainage, be one of the most fertile districts in the state. POPULATION BY COUNTIES IN 1870, 1 876, i88o. Adair . . . . Andrew . . . . Atchison . . . Aadrain . . , Barry .... Barton , . . Bates Benton . . . Bollinger . . Boone .... Buchanan . . Butler .... Caldwell . . Callaway . . . Camden . . . Cape Girardeau , Carroll . . . , Carter .... Cass 1870. 1876. 1880 11,449 13774 15,190 '5.'37 14,992 16,318 8,440 10,925 14,565 12,307 15.157 19,739 10,373 11,146 14,424 •5.087 6,900 10,33,2 15,960 17,484 25,382 n,322 11,027 12,398 8,162 8,884 11,132 20,765 31,923 25424 35, '09 38,165 49,824 4,298 4,363 6,01 1 11,390 12,200 13.654 19,202 25,257 23,670 6,108 7,027 7,269 17558 17 891 20,998 17 445' 21,518 23,300 1.455 1,549 2,168 19,296 18,069 22,431 HISTORY OF MISSOURI. Cedai .... Chariton , , . Christian . . Clark .... Clinton . , . Cole .... Cooper . . . Crawford . . Dade .... Dallas . . . Daviess . . . DeKalb . . . Dent . . . Douglas . . . Dunkin . . . Franklin . . . Gasconade . . Gentry .... Greene . . . Grundy . . . Harrison . . . Henry .... Hickory. . . . Holt Howard . . . Howell . . . Iron Jackson . . Jasper .... Jefferson . . . Johnson . . . Knox .... Laclede . . . Lafayette. . . L,awrence . . Lewis .... Lincoln . . . Linn Livingston . . McDonald . . Macon. . . , Madison . . . Maries .... Marion .... Mercer. . . . Miller. . . . Mississippi . . Moniteau. . , Monroe . . . Montgomery . Morgan . . . New Madrid . Newton . . . 9-474 9,912 10,747 19.136 23,294 25,224 6,707 7.936 9,632 13,667 14549 15,631 14,063 13,698 16,073 10,292 14,122 15.559 20,692 21,356 21,622 7,982 9.391 10,763 8683 11,089 12,557 8,383 8,073 9,272 14,410 i6,5S7 19,174 9,858 11,159 13,343 6.357 7,401 10,647 3,91s 6,461 7,753 5,982 6,255 9,604 30,098 26,924 26,536 10,093 11,160 11,153 11,607 12,673 17,188 21.549 24,693 28,817 10,567 13,071 15,201 14,635 18,530 20,318 17,401 18,465 23914 6452 5,870 7,388 11,652 i3,2<5 15,510 17.233 17,815 18,428 4,218 6.756 8,814 6,278 6,623 8,183 55.041 54,045 82328 14,928 29.384 32,021 15.380 16,186 18.736 24,648 23,646 28,177 10,974 12,678 13,047 .9380 9,845 11,524 22,624 22,204 ■25,761 13.067 13,054 17,585 15,114 16,360 15,925 15,960 16,858 17,443 15,906 18,110 20,016 16,730 18,074 20,205 5,2,26 6,072 7.816 23,230 25,028 26,223 5.849 8,750 8,866 5,916 6,481 7,304 23,780 22,794 24,837 11.557 13,393 14,674 6,616 8,529 9,807 4,982 7,498 9,270 13375 13,084 14349 17,149 17,751 19.075 10,405 14418 16,250 8434 9.529 10,134 6-357 6,673 7,694 12,821 16,875 ' 18,948 HISTORY OF MISSOURI. 1 9 Nodaway. I4,75i 23,196 29,560 Oregon 3,287 4,469 5,791 Osage 10,793 11,200 11,824 Ozark 3,363 4,579 5,618 Pemiscot 2,059 2,573 4.299 Perry 9,877 11,189 11 895 Pettis i8,';o6 23,167 27,285 Phelps 10506 9,919 12,565 Pike 23,076 22,828 26,716 Platte 17,352 15,948 17,372 Polk 14,445 '3.467 15.745 Pulaski 4,714 6,157 7,250 Putnam 11,217 12,641 13,556 Ralls 10,510 9,997 11,838 Randolph 15908 '9,173 22751 Ray 18,700 18,394 20,196 Reynolds » 3,756 4,716 5,722 Ripley 3.175 3,913 5.377 St. Charles 21,304 21,821 23,060 St. Clair 6,742 11,242 14,126 St. Francois 9,742 11,621 13,822 Ste. Genevieve 8 384 9,409 10,309 St. Louis* 351,189 . . . 31,888 Saline 21,672 27,087 29,912 Schuyler 8,820 9, 881 10470 Scotland 10,670 12,030 12,507 Scott 7,317 7,312 8,587 Shannon 2,339 3,236 3,44i Shelby 10,119 13,243 14,024 Stoddard 8,535 10,888 13,432 Stone 3,253 3,544 4,405 Sullivan ",907 14,039 '6.569 Taney 4,407 6,124 5,^05 Texas 9,6i8 10,287 12,207 Vernon 11,247 14.4'3 '9 370 Warren 9,673 10,321 10,806 Washington 11,719 13,100 12,895 Wayne •••... 6,068 7,006 9,097 Webster 10,434 10,684 12,175 Worth 5,004 7,164 8,208 Wright 5,684 6,124 9,733 City of St. Louis .... ... 350,522 1,721,295 1,547.030 2,168,804 Males 1,127424 Females 1,041,380 Native ;,',957>564 Foreign 211,240 White 2,023 568 Coloredf 145,236 *St. Louis city and county separated in 1877. Population for 1876 not given. ■^Including 92 Chinese, 2 half Chinese, and 96 Indians and half-breeds. 20 HISTORY OF MISSOURI. CHAPTER III. GEOLOGY OF MISSOURI. CLASSIFfCATION OF ROCKS— QUATERNARY FORMATION— TERTIARY-CRETACEOUS— CAR- BONIFEROUS — DEVONIAN — SILURIAN— AZOIC— ECONOMIC GEOLOGY— COAL— IRON- LEAD — COPPER - ZINC— BUILDING STONE — MARBLE — GYPSUM — LIME — PA [NTS — SPRINGS— WATER POWER. The stratified rocks of Missouri, as classified and treated of by Prof G. C. Swallow, belong to the following divisions: I. Quaternary ; II. Ter- tiary ; III. Cretaceous ; IV. Carboniferous ; V. Devonian ; VI. Silurian ; VII. Azoic. The Quaternary formations are the most recent and the most val- uable to man ; valuable, because they can be more readily utilized. The Quaternary formation in Missouri, embraces the Alluvium, 30 feet thick; Bottom Prairie, 30 feet thick; Bluff, 200 feet thick; and Drift, 155 feet thick. The latest deposits are those which constitute the Allu- vium, and includes the soils, pebbles and sand, clays, vegetable mold, bog, iron ore, marls, etc. The Alluvium deposits cover an area, within the limits of Missouri, of more than four million acres of land, which are not surpassed for fer- tility by any region of country on the globe. The Bluff Prairie formation is confined to the lowlands, which are washed by the two great rivers which course our eastern and western boundaries, and while it is only about half as extensive as the Alluvial, it is equally as rich and productive." " The Bluff formation," says Professor Swallow, " rests upon the ridges and river bluffs, and descends along their slopes to the lowest valleys, the formation capping all the bluffs of the Missouri from Fort Union to its mouth, and those of the Mississippi from Dubuque to the mouth of the Ohio. It forms the upper stratum beneath the soil of all the high lands, both timber and prairies, of all the counties north of the Osage and Missouri, and also St. Louis, and the Mississippi counties on the south. Its greatest development is in the counties on the Missouri River, from the Iowa line to Boonville. In some localities it is 200 feet thick. At St. Joseph it is 140 ; at Boonville 100 ; and at St. Louis, in St. George's quarry, and the Big Mound, it is about 50 feet ; while its greatest observed thickness in Marion County was only 30 feet." The Drift formation is that which lies beneath the Bluff formation, having, as Prof Swallow informs us, three distinct deposits, to wit : "Altered Drift, which are strata of sand and pebbles, seen in the banks of the Missouri, in the northwestern portion of the state. HISTORY OF MISSOURI. 2{ The Boulder formation is a heterogenous stratum of sand, gravel and boulder, and water-worn fragments of the older rocks. Boulder Clay is a bed of bluish or brown sandy clay, through which pebbles are scattered in greater or less abundance. It some localities in northern Missouri, this formation assumes a pure white, pipe-clay color." The Tertiary formation is made up of clays, shales, iron ores, sand- stone, and sands, scattered along the bluffs, and edges of the bottoms, reaching from Commerce, Scott County, to Stoddard, and south to the Chalk Bluffs in Arkansas. The Cretaceous formation lies beneath the Tertiary, and is composed of variegated sandstone, bluish-brown sandy slate, whitish-brown im- pure sandstone, fine white clay mingled with spotted flint, purple, red and blue clays, all being in the aggregate, 158 feet in thickness. There are no fossils in these rocks, and nothing by which their age may be told. The Carboniferous system includes the Upper Carboniferous or coal- measures, and the Lower Carboniferous or Mountain Limestone. The coal-measures are made up of numerous strata of sandstones, limestones, shales, clays, marls, spathic iron ores and coals. The Carboniferous formation,- including coal-measures and the beds of iron, embrace an area in Missouri of 27,000 square miles. The varie- ties of coal found in the state are the common bituminous and cannel coals, and they exist in quantities inexhaustible. The fact that these coal measures are full of fossils, which are always confined to the coal measures, enables the geologist to point them out, and the coal beds con- tained in them. The rocks of the Lower Carboniferous formation are varied in color, and are quarried in many different parts of the state, being extensively utilized for building and other purposes. Among the Lower Carboniferous rocks is found the Upper Archi- medes Limestone, 200 feet ; Ferruginous Sandstone, 195 feet ; Middle Archimedes, 50 feet ; St. Louis Limestone, 250 feet ; Oolitic Limestone, 25 feet ; Lower Archimedes Limestone, 350 feet ; and Encrinital Lime- stone, 500 feet. These limestones generally contain fossils. The Ferruginous Limestone is soft when quarHed, but becomes hard and durable after exposure. It contains large quantities of iron, and is found skirting the eastern coal measures from the mouth of the Des Moines to McDonald County. The St. Louis Limestone is of various hues and tints, and very hard. It is found in Clark, Lewis and St. Louis Counties. The Lower Archimedes Limestone includes partly the lead-bearing rocks of Southwest Missouri. The Encrinital Limestone is the most. extensive of the divisions of Carboniferous Limestone, and is made up of brown, buff, gray and white* 22 HISTORY OF MISSOURI. In these strata are found the remains of corals and mollusks. This formation extends from Marion County to Greene County. The Devo- nian system contains : Chemung Group, Hamilton Group, Onondaga Limestone and Oriskany Sandstone. The rocks of the Devonian system are found in Marion, Ralls, Pike, Callaway, Saline and Ste. Genevieve Counties. The Chemung Group has three formations, Chouteau Limestone, 85 feet ; Vermicular Sandstone and shales, 75 feet ; Lithographic Limestone, 125 feet. The Chouteau Limestone is in two divisions, when fully developed, and when first quarried is soft. It is not only good for building purposes but makes an excellent cement. The Vermicular Sandstone and shales are usually buff or yellowish brown, perforated with pores. The Lithographic Limestone is a pure, fine, compact, evenly-textured limestone. Its color varies from light drab to buff and blue. It is called ^'pot-metal," because under the hammer it gives a sharp, ringing sound. It has but few fossils. The Hamilton Group is made up of some forty feet of blue shales, and 170 feet of Crystalline limestone. Onondaga Limestone is usually a coarse, gray or buff crystalline, thick-bedded and cherry limestone. No formation in Missouri presents such variable and widely different lithological characters as the Onondaga. The Oriskany Sandstone is a light gray limestone. Of the Upper Silurian series there are the following formations : Lower Helderburg, 350 feet ; Niagara Group, 200 feet; Cape Girardeau Limestone, 60 feet. The Lower Helderburg is made up of buff, gray and reddish cherry and argillaceous limestone. Niagara Group. The upper part of this group consists of red, yel- low and ash-colored shales, with compact limestones, variegated with bands and nodules of chert. The Cape Girardeau Limestone, on the Mississippi River near Cape Girardeau, is a compact, bluish-gray, brittle limestone, with smooth frac- tures in layers from two to six inches in thickness, with argillaceous partings. These strata contain a great many fossils. The Lower Silurian has the following ten formations, to wit : Hudson River Group, 220 feet ; Trenton Limestone, 360 feet ; Black River and Bird's Eye Limestone, 175 feet ; first Magnesian Limestone, 200 feet; Sac- charoidal Sandstone, 125 feet; second Magnesian Limestone,- 250 feet ; second Sandstone, 115 feet; third Magnesian Limestone, 350 feet; third Sandstone, 60 feet ; fourth Magnesian Limestone, 350 feet. ' Hudson River Group. There are three formations whi-ch Professor Swallow refers to in this group. These formation are found in the bluff HISTORY OF MISSOURI. 23 above and below Louisiana, on the Grassy, a few miles northwest of Louisiana, and in Ralls, Pike, Cape Girardeau and Ste. Genevieve Counties. Trenton Limestone. The upper part of this formation is made up of thick beds of hard, compact, bluish-gray and drab limestone, variegated with irregular cavities, filled with greenish materials. The beds are exposed between Hannibal and New London, north of Salt River, and near Glencoe, St. Lo«is County, and are 75 feet thick. Black River and Bird's Eye Limestone is the same color as the Tren- ton Limestone. The first Magnesian Limestone cap the picturesque bluffs of the Osage in Benton and neighboring counties. The Saccharoidal Sandstone has a wide range in the state. In a bluff about two miles from Warsaw, is a very striking change of thickness of this formation. Second Magnesian Limestone, in lithological character, is like the first. The second Sandstone, usually of yellowish-brown, sometimes becomes a pure white, fine-grained, soft, sandstone, as on Cedar Creek, in Wash- ington and Franklin Counties. The third Magnesian Limestone is exposed in the high and pictur- esque bluffs of the Niangua, in the neighborhood of Bry's Spring. The third Sandstone is white and has a formation in moving water. The fourth Magnesian Limestone is seen on the Niangua and Osage Rivers. The Azoic rocks lie below the Silurian and form a series of silicious and other slates, which contain no remains of organic life. ECONOMIC GEOLOGY. Coal. — Missouri is particularly rich in minerals. Indeed, no state in the Union surpasses her in this respect. In some unknown age of the past — long before the existence of man, nature, by a wise process, made a bountiful provision for the time, when in the order of things it should be necessary for civilized man to take possession of these broad, rich prairies. As an equivalent for lack of forests she quietly stored away beneath the soil those wonderful carboniferous treasures for the use of man. Geological surveys have developed the fact that the coal deposits in the state are almost unnumbered, embracing all varieties of the best bit- uminous coal. The southeast boundary of the state has been ascertained to be one continuous coal field, stretching from the mouth of the Des Moines River, through Clark, Lewis, Scotland, Adair, Macon, Shelby, Monroe, Audrain, Callaway, Boone, Cooper, Pettis, Benton, Henry, St. Clair, Bates, Vernon, Cedar, Dade, Barton and Jasper, into the Indian Territory, and the counties on the northwest of this line contain more or 24 HISTORY OF MISSOURI. less coal. Coal rocks exist in Ralls, Montgomery, Warren, St. Charles, Moniteau, Cole, Morgan, Crawford and Lincoln, and during the past few years all along the lines of all the railroads in North Missouri, and along the western end of the Missouri Pacific, and on the Missouri River between Kansas City and Sioux City, has systematic mining opened up hundreds of mines in different localities. The area of our coal beds on the line of the southwestern boundary of the state alone embrace more than 26,000 square miles of regular coal measures. This will give of workable coal, if the average be one foot, 26,800,000,000 tons. The estimates frorn the developments already made in the different portions of the state will give 134,000,000,000 tons. The economical value of this coal to the state, its influence in domestic life, in navigation, commerce and manufactures, is beyond the imagination of man to conceive. Suffice it to say, that in the possession of her developed and undeveloped coal mines, Missouri has a motive power which in its influence for good in the civilization of man is more than the gold of -California. Iron. — Prominent among the minerals which increase the power and prosperity of a nation is iron. Of this ore Missouri has an inexhaustible quantity, and, like her coal fields, it has been developed in many portions of the state, and of thie best and purest quality. It is found in great abundance in the counties of Cooper, St. Clair, Green, Henry, Franklin, Benton, Dallas, Camden, Stone, Madison, Iron, Washington, Perry.i St. Francois, Reynolds, Stoddard, Scott, Dent, and others. The greatest deposit of iron is found in the Iron Mountain, which is two hundred feet high, and covers an area of five hundred acres, and produces a metal which is shown by analysis to contain from 65 to. 69 per cent, of metallic iron. The ore of Shepherd Mountain contains from 64 to 67 per cent, of metallic iron. The ore of Pilot Knob contains from 53 to 60 per cent. Rich beds of iron are also found at the Big Bogy Mountain, and at Russell Mountain. This ore has in its nude state a variety of colors, from the red, dark red, black, brown, to a light bluish gray. The red ores are found in 21 or more counties of the state, and are of great com- mercial value. The brown hematite iron ores extend over a greater range of country than all the others combined ; embracing about 100 counties, and have been ascertained to exist in these in large quantities. Lead. — Long before any permanent settlements were made in Mis- souri by the whites, lead was mined within the limits of the state, at two or three points on the Mississippi. At this time more than five hun- dred mines are opened, and many of them are being successfully worked. These deposits of lead cover an area, so far as developed, of more than 7,000 square miles. Mines have been opened in Jefferson, Washington,. St. Francois, Madison, Wayne, Carter, Reynolds, Crawford, Ste. Gene- HISTORY OF MISSOURI. 25 ■ ■/ . vieve, Perry, Cole, Cape Girardeau, Camden, Morgan and some other counties: Copper and Zinc. — Several varieties of copper ore are found in Mis- souri. The copper mines of Shannon, Madison, and franklin Counties have been known for years, and some of these have been successfully worked and are now yielding good results. Deposits of copper have been discovered in Dent, (Crawford, Benton, Maries, Green, Lawrence, Dade, Taney, Dallas, Phelps, Reynolds and Wright Counties. Zinc is abundant in nearly all the lead m-ines in the southwestern part of the state, and since the completion of the A. & P. R. R. a market has been furnished for this ore, which will be converted into valuable merchandise. Building Stone and Mard/e.— There is no scarcity of good building stone in Missouri. Limestone, sandstone and granite exist in .all shades of buff, blue, red and brown, and are of great beauty as building material. There are many marble beds in the state, some of which furnish very beautiful and excellent marble. It is found in Marion, Cooper, St. Louis and other counties. One of the most desirable of the Missouri marbles is in the third Magnesian Lirhestone, on the Niangua. It is fine grained, crystalline, silico-magnesian limestone, light drab, slightly tinged with peach blos- som, and clouded by deep flesh-colored shades. In ornamental archi- tecture it is rarely surpassed. Gypsum and Lime. — Though no extensive beds of gypsum have been discovered in Missouri, there are vast beds of the pure white crystalline variety on the line of the Kansas Pacific Railroad, on Kansas River, and on Gypsum Creek. It exists also in several other localities accessible by both rail and boat. All of the limestone formations in the state^irom the coal measures to the fourth Magnesian, have more or less strata of very nearly pure carbonate of pure lime. Clays and Paints. — Clays are found in nearly all parts of the state suitable for making bricks. Potters' clay and fire clay are worked in many localities. There are several beds of purple shades in the coal measures which possess the properties requisite for paints used in outside work. Yellow and red ochres are found in considerable quantities oh the Missouri River. Some of these paints have been thoroughly tested and found fire-proof and durable. SPRINGS AND WATER POWER. No State is, perhaps, better supplied with cold springs of pure water than. Missouri. Out of the bottoms, there is scarcely a section of land 26 HISTORY OF MISSOURI. but has one or more perennial springs of good water. Even where there are no springs good water can be obtained by digging from twenty to forty feet. Salt springs are abundant in the central part of the state, and discharge their brine in Cooper, Saline, Howard and adjoining coun- ties. Considerable salt was made in Cooper and Howard counties at an early day. Sulphur springs are also numerous throughout the state. The Cho- teau Springs in Cooper, the Monagaw Springs in St. Clair, the Elk Springs in Pike, and the Cheltenham Springs in St. Louis County, have acquired considerable reputation as salubrious waters, and have become popular places of resort. Many other counties have good sulphur springs. Among the Chalybeate springs the Sweet Springs on the Black- water, and the Chalybeate Spring in the University campus are, perhaps, the most popular of the kind in the State. There are, however, other springs impregnated with some of the salts of iron. Petroleum springs are found in Carroll, Ray, Randolph, Cass, Lafay- ette, Bates, Vernon and other counties. The variety called lubricating oil is the more common. The water power of the State is excellent. Large springs are par- ticularly abundant on the Meramec, Gasconade, Bourbeuse, Osage, Nian- gua, Spring, White, Sugar and other streams. Besides these, there are hundreds of springs sufficiently large to drive mills and factories, and the day is not far distant when these crystal fountains will be utilized, and a thousand saws will buzz to their dashing music. CHAPTER IV. TITLE AND EARLY SETTLEMENTS. TITLE TO MISSOURI LANDS-RIGHT OF DISCOVERY— TITLE OF FRANCE AND SPAIN — CESSION TO THE UNITED STATES — TERRITORIAL CHANGES — TREATIES WITH INDIANS— FIRST SETTLEMENT- STE. GENEVIEVE AND NEW BOURBON— ST. LOUIS— WHENINCORPORATED— POTOSI-ST. CHARLES— PORTAGE DES SIOUX— NEW MADRID -ST. FRANCOIS COUNTY-PERRY-MISSISSIPPI-LOUTRE ISLANDS-" BOONE'S LICK " —COTE SANS DESSEIN— HOWARD COUNTY-SOME FIRST THINGS— COUNTIES-WHEN ORGANIZED. The title to the soil of Missouri was, of course, primarily vested in the original occupants who inhabited the country prior to its discovery by the whites. But the Indians, being savages, possessed but few rights HISTORY OF MISSOURI. 27 that civilized nations considered themselves bound to respect, so when they found this country in the possession of such a people, they claimed it in the name of the King of France by the right of discovery. It remained under the jurisdiction of France until 1763. Prior to the year 1763 the entire continent of North America was divided between France, England, Spain and Russia. France held all that portion that now constitutes our national domain west of the Mis- sissippi River, except Texas and the territory which we have obtained from Mexico and Russia. The vast region, while under the jurisdiction of France, was known as the "Province of Louisiana," and embraced the present State of Missouri. At the close of the " Old French War," in 1763, France gave up her share of the continent, and Spain came into the possession of the territory west of the Mississippi River, while Great Britain retained Canada and the regions northward, having obtained that territory by conquest in the war with France. For thirty-seven years the territory now embraced within the limits of Missouri, remained as a part of the possession of Spain, and then went back to France by the treaty of St. Ildefonso, October ist, 1800. On the 30th of April, 1803, France ceded it to the United States in consideration of receiving $11,250,000 and the liquidation of certain claims held by citizens of the United States against France, which amounted to the further sum of $3,750,00, making a total of $15,000,000. It will thus be seen that France has twice, and Spain once, held sovereignty over the territory embracing Missouri, but the financial needs of Napoleon afforded our government an opportunity to add another empire to its domain. On the 31st of October, 1803, an act of Congress was approved, authorizing the President to take possession of the newly acquired ter- ritory, and provided for it a temporary government, and another act, approved March 26th, 1804, authorized the division of the "Louisiana Purchase," as it was then called, into two separate territories. All that portion south of the 33d parallel of north latitude was called the " Territory of Orleans," and that north of the said parallel was known as the " District of Louisiana," and was placed under the jurisdiction of what was then known as " Indiana Territory." By virtue of an act of Congress, approved March 3, 1805, the " Dis- trict of Louisiana" was organizeid as the " Territory of Louisiana," with a territorial government of its own, which went into operation July 4th, of the same year, and it so remained untii 18 12. In this year the " Territory of Orleans " became the State of Louisiana, and the " Terri- tory of Louisiana " was organized as the " Territory of Missouri." This change took place under an act of Congress, approved June 4th, 1812. In 1819 a portion of this territory was organized as "Arkan- sas Territory," and in 18 12 the State of Missouri was admitted, being a part of the former " Territory of Missouri," 28 HISTORY OF MISSOURI. In 1836 the " Platte Purchase," then being a part of the Indian Ter- ritory, and now composing the counties of Atchison, Andrew, Buchanan, Holt, Nodaway, and Platte, was made by treaty with the Indians, and added to the state. It will be seen then that the soil of Missouri be- longed First — To France with other territory. Second— In 1768, with other territory it was ceded to Spain. Third— October 1st, 1800, it was ceded with other territory from Spain back to France. Fourth— April 30th, 1803, it was ceded with other territory, by France to the United States. Fifth — October 31, 1803, a temporary government was authorized by Congress for the newly acquired territory. Sixth — October i, 1804, it was included in the "District of Louis- iana," and placed under the territorial government of Indiana. Seventh— July 4, 1805, it was included as a part of the "Territory of Louisiana," then organized with a separate territorial government. Eighth — June 4, 18 12, it was embraced in what was then made the " Territory of Missouri." Ninth — August 10, 1821, it was admitted into the Union as a state. Tenth — In 1836 the " Platte Purchase" was made, adding more ter- ritory to the state. The cession by France, April 30, 1803, vested the title in the United States, subject to the claims of the Indians, which it was very justly the policy of the government to recognize. Before the government of the United States could vest clear title to the soil in the grantee it was necessary to extinguish the Indian title by purchase. This was done accordingly by treaties made with the Indians at different times. EARLY SETTLEMENTS. The name of the first white man who set foot on the territory now embraced in the State of Missouri is not known, nor is it known at what precise period the first settlements were made. It is, however, gener- ally agreed that they were made at Ste. Genevieve and New Bourbon, tradition fixing the date of these settlements in the autumn of 1735- These towns were settled by the French from Kaskaskia and St. Philip in Illinois. St. Louis was founded by Pierre Laclede Liguest, on the 15th of February, 1764. He was a native of France, and was one of the members of the company of Laclede, Liguest, Antoino Maxant & Co., to whom a royal charter had been granted, confirming the privilege of an exclu- sive trade with the Indians of the Missouri as far north as St, Peter's River. HISTORY OF MISSOURI. 29 While in search of a trading post he ascended the Mississippi as far as the mouth of the Missouri, and finally returned to the present town site of St. Louis. After the village had been laid off he named it St. Louis, in honor of Louis XV, of France. The colony thrived rapidly by accessions from Kaska^kia and other towns on the east side of the Mississippi, and its trade was largely in- -creased by many of the Indian tribes, who removed a portion of their paltry trade from the same towns to St. Louis. It was incorporated as a town on the 9th day of November, 1809, by the court of Common Pleas of the district of St. Louis; the town trustees being Auguste Chou- teau, Edward Hempstead, Jean F. Cabanne, Wm. C. Carr and Wm. Christy, and incorporated as a city December 9, 1822. The selection of the town site on which St. Louis stands was highly judicious, the spot not only being healthful and having the advantages of water transpor- tation unsurpassed, but surrounded by a beautiful region of country, rich in soil and mineral resources. St. Louis has grown to be the fifth city in population in the Union, and is to-day, the great centre of internal commerce of the Missouri, the Mississippi and their tributaries, and, with its railroad facilities, it is destined to be the greatest inland city of the American continent. The next settlement was made at Potosi, in Washington County, in 1765, by Francis Breton, who, while chasing a bear, discovered the mine near the present town of Potosi, where he afterward located. One of the most prominent pioneers who settled at Potosi, was Moses Austin, of Virginia, who, in 1773, received by grant from the Spanish government, a league of land now known as the "Austin Sur- vey." The grant was made on the condition that Mr. Austin would establish a lead mine at Potosi and work it. He built a palatial resi- dence, for that day, on the brow of the hill in the little village, which was, for many years, known as "Durham Hall." At this point the first shot-tower and sheet-lead manufactory were erected. Five years after the founding of St. Louis the first settlement made in Northern Missouri was made at or near St. Charles, in St. Charles County, in 1769. The name given to it, and which it retained till 1784, was Les Petites Cotes, signifying Little Hills. The town site was located by Blanchette, a Frenchman, surnamed LeChasseur, who built the first fort in the town and established there a military post. Soon after the establishment of the military post at St. Charles, the old French village of Portage des Sioux was located on the Mississipi, just below the mouth of the Illinois river, and at about the same time a Kickapoo village was commenced at Clear Weather Lake. The present .town site of New Madrid, in New Madrid County, was settled in 1781, by French Canadians, it then being occupied by Delaware Indians. The place now known as Big River Mills, St. Francois County, was settled in 30 HISTORY OF MISSOURI.- 1796, Andrew Baker, John Alley, Francis Starater and John Andrews each locating claims. The following year a settlement was made in the same county, just below the the present town of Farmington, by the Rev. Wm. Murphy, a Baptist minister from East Tennessee. In 1796, settlements were made in Perry County by emigrants from Kentucky and Pennsyl- vania ; the latter locating in the rich bottom lands of Bois Brule, the former generally settling in the "Barrens," and along the waters of Saline Creek. Bird's Point, in Mississippi County, opposite Cairo, 111., was settled August 6, 1800, by John Johnson, by virtue of a land grant from the com- mandant under the Spanish Government. Norfolk and Charleston, in the same county, were settled respectively in 1800 and 1801. Warren county was settled in 1801. Loutre Island, below the present tt>wn of Herman, in the Missouri River, was settled by a few American families ixi 1807. This little company of pioneers suffered greatly from the floods, as well as from the incursions of thieving and blood-thirsty Indians, and many incidents of a thrilling character could be related of trials and struggles had we the time and space. In 1807 Nathan and Daniel Boone, sons of the great hunter and pio- neer, in company with three others, went from St. Louis to " Boone's Lick," in Howard County, where they manufactured salt, and formed the nucleus of a small settlement. Cote Sans Dessein, now called Bakersville, on the Missouri River, in Callaway County, was settled by the French in 1801. This little town was considered at that time as the " Far West " of the new world. During the war of i8i2, at this place many hard-fought battles occurred between the whites and Indians, wherein woman's fortitude and courage greatly assisted in the defense of the settlement. In i8iO a colony of Kentuckians, numbering one hundred and fifty families, immigrated to Howard County, and settled in the Missouri River bottom, near the present town of Franklin. Such, in brief, is the history of some of the early settlements of Mis- souri, covering a period of more than half a century. These settlements were made on the water courses ; usually along the banks of the two great streams, whose navigation afforded them transportation for their marketable commodities and communication with the civilized portion of the country. They not only encountered the gloomy forests, settling as they did, by the river's brink, but the hostile incursion of savage Indians, by whom they were for many years surrounded. The expedients of these brave men who first broke ground in the territory have been succeeded by the permanent and tasteful improve- ments of their descendants. Upon the spots where they toiled, dared and died, are seen the comfortable farm, the beautiful village and thrifty HISTORY OF MISSOURI. 31 city. Churches and school houses greet the eye on every hand ; rail- roads diverge in every direction, and indeed, all the appliances of a higher civilization are profusely strewn over the smiling surface of the state. Culture's hand Has scattered verdure o'er the land ; And smiles and fragrance rule s 2rene, Where barren wild usurped the scene. SOME FIRST THINGS. The first marriage that took place in Missouri was April 20, 1766, in St. Louis. The first baptism was performed in May, 1776, in St. Louis. The first house of worship (Catholic), was erected in 1775, at St. Louis. The first ferry established in 1805, on the Mississippi River, at St. Louis. The first newspaper established in St. Louis (Missouri Gazette) in 1808. The first postoffice was established in 1804, in St. Louis — Rufus Easton, postmaster. The first Protestant church erected at Ste. Genevieve, in 1806 — Baptist. The first bank established, (Bank of St. Louis), in 18 14. The first market house opened in 181 1, in St. Louis. The first steamboat on the Upper Mississippi was the General Pike, Capt. Jacob Reid ; landed at St. Louis, 18 17. The first board of trustees for public schools appointed in 18 17, St. Louis. The first college built, (St. Louis College), in 1817. The first steamboat that came up the Missouri River as high as Franklin was the Independence, in 1819; Capt. Nelson, master. The first court house erected in 1823, in St. Louis. The first cholera appeared in St. Louis in 1832. The first railroad convention held in St. Louis, April 20, 1836. The first telegraph lines reached East St. Louis, December 20, 1847. The first great fire occurred in St. Louis, 1849. 32 HISTORY OF MISSOURI. CHAPTER V. TERRITORIAL ORGANIZATION. ORGANIZATION i8i2— COUNCIL-HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES— WM. CLARK FIRST TER- RITORIAL GOVERNOR— EDWARD HEMPSTEAD FIRST DELEGATE— SPANISH GRANTS —FIRST GENERAL ASSEMBLY— PROCEEDINGS-SECOND ASSEMBLY— PROCEEDINGS- POPULATION OF TERRITORY — VOTE OF TERRITORY— RUFUS EASTON — ABSENT MEMBERS— THIRD ASSEMBLY-PROCEEDINGS-APPLICATION FOR ADMISSION. Congress organized Missouri as a territory July 4, 18 12, with a Gov- ernor and General Assembly, The Governor, Legislative Council and House of Representatives exercised the legislative power of the terri- tory, the Governor's vetoing power being absolute. The Legislative Council was composed of nine members, whose tenure of office lasted five years. Eighteen citizens were nominated by the House of Representatives to the President of the United States, from whom he selected, with the approval of the Senate, nine Council- lors to compose the Legislative Council. The House of Representatives consisted of members chosen every two years by the people, the basis of representation being one member for every five hundred white males. The first House of Representatives consisted of thirteen members, and, by act of Congress, the whole num- ber of Representatives could not exceed twenty-five. The judicial power of the territory was vested in the Superior and Inferior Courts, and in the Justices of the Peace ; the Superior Court having three judges, whose term of office continued four years, having original and appellate jurisdiction in civil and criminal cases. The Territory could send one delegate to Congress. Governor Clark issued a proclamation, October ist, 1812, required by Congress, reorganizing the districts of St. Charles, St. Louis, Ste. Genevieve, Cape Girardeau and New Madrid into five counties, and fixed the second Mon- day in November following for the election of a delegate to Congress, and the members of the Territorial House of Representatives. William Clark, of the expedition of Lewis and Clark, was the first Territorial Governor, appointed by the President, who began his duties in 1813. Edward Hempstead, Rufus Easton, Samuel Hammond and Matthew Lyon were candidates in November for delegates to Congress. Edward Hempstead was elected, being the first Territorial Delegate to Cdngress from Missouri. He served one term, declining a second, and was instrumental in having Congress to pass the act of June 13, 1812, which he introduced, confirming the title to lands which were claimed HISTORY OF MISSOURI. 33, by the people by virtue of Spanish grants. The same act confirmed to the people "for the support of schools," the title to village lots, out-lots or common field-lots, which were held and enjoyed by them at the time of the cession of 1803. Under the act of June 4, i8i2, the first General Assembly held its session in the house of Joseph Robidoux, on the 7th of December, 18 12. The names of the members of the House were : St. Charles.— John Pitman and Robert Spencer. St. Louis. — David Music, Bernard G. Farrar, William C. Carr and Richard Clark. Ste. Genevieve. — George Bullet, Richard S. Thomas and Isaac McGready. Cape Girardeau. — George F. Bollinger and Spencer Byrd. New Madrid. — John Shrader and Samuel Phillips. John B. C. Lucas, one of the Territorial Judges, administered the oath of office. William C. Carr was elected Speaker and Andrew Scott, Clerk. The House of Representatives proceeded to nominate eighteen per- sons from whom the President of the United States, with the Senate, was to select nine for the Council. From this number the President chose the following : St. Charles. — James Flaugherty and Benjamin Emmons. St. Louis. — August Choteau, Sr. and Samuel Hammond. Ste. Genevieve. — John Scott and James Maxwell. Cape Girardeau. — William Neely and Joseph Cavenor. New Madrid. ^ — Joseph Hunter. The Legislative Council, thus chosen by the President and Senate, was announced by Frederick Bates, Secretary and Acting-Governor of the Territory, by proclamation, June 3, 1813, and fixing the first Monday in July following as the time for the meeting of the Legislature. In the meantime the duties of the executive office were assumed by William Clark. The Legislature accordingly met as required by the Acting-Governor's proclamation, in July, but its proceedings were never officially published. Consequently but little is known in reference to the workings of the first Territorial Legislature of Missouri. From the imperfect account, published in the Missouri Gazette, of that day, a paper which liad been in existence since 1808, it is found that laws were passed regulating and establishing weights and measures ; creating the office of sheriff; providing the manner for taking the census ; permanently fixing the seats of justice, and an act to compensate its own members. At this session laws were also passed defining crimes and penalties ; laws in reference to forcible entry and detainer ; estab- lishing Courts of Common Pleas ; incorporating the Bank of St. Louis and organizing a part of Ste. Genevieve County into the county of Washington. 34 HISTORY OF MISSOURI. The next session of the Legislature convened In St. Louis, Decem- ber 6, 1813. George Bullet, of Ste. Genevieve county, was Speaker elect, Andrew Scott, clerk, and William Sullivan, doorkeeper. Since the adjournment of the former Legislature several vacancies had occurred, and- new members had been elected to fill their places. Among these was Israel McGready, from the county of Washington. The president of the legislative council was Samuel Hammond. No journal of the council was officially published, but the proceedings of the, House are found in the Gazette. At this session of the Legislature many wise and useful laws were passed, having reference to the temporal as well as the moral and spirit- ual welfare of the people. Laws were enacted for the suppression of vice and immoraiity on the Sabbath day ; for the improvement of pub- lic roads and highways ; creating the offices of auditor, treasurer and county surveyor ; regulating the fiscal affairs of the Territory and fixing the boundary lines of New Madrid, Cape Girardeau, Washington and St. Charles Counties. The Legislature adjourned on the 19th of January, 1 8 14, sine die. The population of the territory as shown by the United States census in i8io, was 20,845. The census taken by the Legislature in 1814 gave the territory a population of 25,000. This enumeration shows the county of St. Louis contained the greatest number of inhabitants, and the new county of Arkansas the least — the latter having 827, and the former 3,149. The candidates for delegate to Congress were Rufus Easton, Samuel Hammond, Alexander McNair and Thomas F. Riddick. Rufus Easton and Samuel Hammond had been candidates at the preceding election. In all the counties, excepting Arkansas, the votes aggregated 2,599, of which number Mr. Easton received 965, Mr. Hammond 746, Mr. NcNair 853, and Mr. Riddick (who had withdrawn previously to the election) 35. Mr. Easton was elected. The census of 1814, showing a large increase in the population of the territory, an apportionment was rnade increasing the number of repre- sentatives in the territorial Legislature to twenty-two. The General Assembly began its session in St. Louis, December 5, 1814. There were present on the first day twenty Representatives. James Caldwell of Ste. Genevieve county was elected speaker, and Andrew Scott, who had been- clerk of the>preceding assembly, was chosen clerk. The president of the council was William Neely, of Cape Girardeau County. It appears that James Maxwell, the absent member of the council, and Seth Emmons, member elect of the House of Representatives, were dead. The county of Lawrence was organized at this session, from the western part of New Madrid County, and the corporate powers of St. Louis were enlarged. In 18 15 the territorial Legislature again began its HISTORY OF MISSOURI, 35 session. Only a partial report of its proceedings are given in the Gazette. The county of Howard was then organized from St. Louis and St. Charles Counties, and included all that part of the state lying north of the Osage and south of the dividing ridge between the Mississippi and Missouri Rivers. The next session of the territorial Legislature commenced its ses- sion in December, i8i6. During the sitting of this Legislature many important acts were passed. It was ttien that the " Bank of Missouri " was chartered and went into operation. In the fall of 1817 the " Bank of St. Louis" and the "Bank of Missouri" were issuing bills. An act was passed chartering lottery companies, chartering the academy at Potosi, and incorporating a board of trustees for superintending the schools in the town of St. Louis. Laws were also passed to encourage the " killing of wolves, panthers and wild-cats." The territorial Legislature met again in December, i8i8, and among other things, organized the counties of Pike, Cooper, Jefferson, Franklin, Wayne, Lincoln, Madison,. Montgomery, and three counties in the southern part of Arkansas. It 18 19 the Territory of Arkansas was formed into a separate government of its own. The people of the Territory of Missouri had been, for some time, anxious that their territory should assume the duties and responsibilities of a sovereign state. Since 1812, the date of the organization of the territory, the population had rapidly increased, many counties had been established, its commerce had grown into importance, its agricultural and mineral resources were being developed, and believing that its admission into the Union as a state would give fresh impetus to all these interests and hasten its settlement, the territorial Legislature of 1818-19 accordingly made application to Congress for the passage of an act authorizing the people of Missouri to organize a state government. CHAPTER VI. APPLICATION OF MISSOURI TO BE ADMITTED I^fT0 THE UNION— AGITATION OF THE SLAVERY QUESTION-" MISSOURI COMPROMISE "-CONSTITUTIONAL CONVENTION OF 1820— CONSTITUTION PRESENTED -TO CONGRESS— FURTHER RESISTANCE TO ADMISSION-MR. CLAY AND HIS COMMITTEE MAKE REPORT-SECOND COMPROMISE —MISSOURI ADMITTED. With the application of the territorial Legislature of Missouri for her admission into the Union commenced the real agitation of the slavery question in the United States. 36 HISTORY OF MISSOURI. Not only was our National Legislature the theatre of angry discus- sions, but everywhere throughout the length and bfeadth of the Repub- lic the "Missouri Question " was the all-absorbing theme. The political skies threatened, " In forked flashes, a commanding tempest," Which was liable, to burst upon the nation at any moment. Through such a crisis our country seemed destined to pass. The question as to the admission of Missouri was to be the beginning of this crisis, which distracted the public counsels of the nation for more than forty years afterward. Missouri asked to be admitted into the great family of states. " Lower Louisiana," her twin sister territory, had knocked at the door of the Union eight years previously, and was admitted, as stipulated by Napoleon, to all the rights, privileges and immunities of a state, and in accordance with the stipulations of the same treaty, Missouri now sought to be clothed with the same rights, privileges and immunities. As what is known in the history of the United States as the "Mis- souri Compromise," of 1820, takes rank among the most prominent measures that had up to that day engaged the attention of our National Legislature, we shall enter somewhat into its details, being connected as they are with the annals of the state. February 15th, i8ic). — After the House had resolved itself into a committee of the whole on the bill to authorize the admission of Mis- souri into the Union, and after the question of her admission had been discussed for some time, Mr. Tallmadge, of New York, moved to amend the bill by adding to it the following proviso : "■And Provided, That the further introduction of slavery or involun- tary servitude be prohibited, except for the punishment of crime, whereof the party shall have been duly convicted, and that all children born within the said state, after the admission thereof into the Union, shall be free at the age of twenty-five years." As might have been expected, this proviso precipitated the angry discussion which lasted for nearly three years, finally culminating in the Missouri Compromise. All phases of the slavery question were presented, not only in its moral and social aspects, but as a great constitutional question, affecting Missouri and the admission of future states. The pro- viso, when submitted to a vote, was .adopted — 79 to 67, and so reported to the House. Hon John Scott, who was at that time a delegate from the Territory of Missouri, was not permitted to vote, but as such delegate, he had the privilege of participating in the debates which followed. On the i6th day of February the proviso was taken up and discussed. After several speeches had been made, among them one by Mr. Scott and one by the HISTORY OF MISSOURI. 37 author of the proviso, Mr. Tallmadge, the amendment or proviso was divided into two parts, and voted upon. The first part of it, which included all to the word "convicted," was adopted — 87 to 76. The remaining part was then voted upon, and also adopted, by 82 to 78. By a vote of 97 to 56 the bill was ordered to be engrossed for a third reading. The Senate Committee, to whom the bill was referred, reported the same to the Senate on the lOth of February, when that body voted first upon a motion to strike out of the proviso all after the word "convicted," which was carried by a vote of 32 to 7. It then voted to strike out the first entire clause, which prevailed — 22 to 16, thereby defeating the proviso. The House declined to concur in the action of the Senate, and the bill was again returned to that body, which in turn refused to recede from its position. The bill was lost, and Congress adjourned. This was most unfortunate for the country. The people having been wrought up to fever heat over the agitation of the question in the national councils, now became intensely excited. The press added fuel to the flame, and the progress of events seemed rapidly tending to the downfall of our nationality. A'long interval of nine months was to ensue before the meeting of Congress. That body indicated by its Vote upon the "Missouri ques- tion" that the two great sections of the country were politically divided upon the subject of slavery. The restrictive clause, which it was sought to impose upon Missouri as a condition of her admission, would in all probability be one of the conditions of the admission of the Territory of Arkansas. The public mind was in a state of great doubt and uncer- tainty up to the meeting of Congress, which took place on the 6th of December, 1819. The memorial of the Legislative Council and House of Representatives of the Missouri Territory, praying for admission into the Union, was presented to the Senate by Mr. Smith, of South Carolina, , It was referred to the Judiciary Committee. Some three weeks having passed without any action thereon by the Senate, the bill was taken up and discussed by the House until the 19th of February, when the bill from the Senate for the admission of Maine was considered. The bill for the admission of Maine included the "Mis- souri question " by an amendment, which reads as follows : ''And be it further enacted. That in all territory ceded by France to the United States, under the name of Louisiana, which lies north of thirty-six degrees and thirty minutes, north latitude, (excepting such part thereof as is) included within the limits of the state, contemplated by this act, slavery and involuntary servitude, otherwise than in the punishment of crimes, whereof the party shall have been convicted, shall be and is hereby forever prohibited : Provided always, That any person escaping into the same, from whom labor or service is lawfully claimed. 38 HISTORY OF MISSOURI. in any state or territory of the United States, such fugitive may be law- fully reclaimed and conveyed to the person claiming his or her labor or service as aforesaid." The Senate adopted this amendment, which formed the basis of the " Missouri Compromise," modified afterward by striking out the words, " excepting only such part thereof" The bill passed the Senate by a vote of 24 to 20. On the 2d day of March the House took up the bill and amendments for consideration, and by a vote of 134 to 42 concurred in the Senate amendment, and the bill, being passed by the two Houses, constituted section 8, of " An Act to authorize the people of the Missouri Territory to form a Constitution and State Government, and for the admission of such state into the Union on an equal footing with the original states, and to prohibit slavery in certain territory." This act was approved March 6, 1820. Missouri then contained fif- teen organized counties. By act of Congress the people of said state were authorized to hold an election on the first Monday, and two suc- ceeding days thereafter in May, 1820, to select representatives to a state convention. This convention met in St. Louis on the 12th of June, fol- lowing the election in May, and concluded its labors on the 19th of July, 1820. David Barton was its president, and Wm. G. Pettis, secretary. There were forty-one members of this convention, men of ability and statesmanship, as the admirable constitution which they framed amply testifies. Their names and the counties represented by them are as -follows : Cape Girardeau. — Stephen Byrd, James Evans, Richard S. Thomas, ■ Alexander Buckner and Joseph McFerron. Cooper.— ^o\i&rt P. Clark, Robert Wallace, Wm. Lillard. Franklin. — John G. Heath. Howard. — Nicholas S. Burkhart, Duff Green, John Ray, Jonathan S. Findley, Benj. H. Reeves. Jefferson. — Daniel Hammond. Lincoln. — Malcolm Henry. Montgomery. — Jonathan Ramsey, James Talbott. Madison. — Nathaniel Cook. New Madrid. — Robert S. Dawson, Christopher G. Houts. Pike. — Stephen Cleaver. St. Charles. — Benjamin Emmons, Nathan Boone, Hiram H. Baber. Ste. Genevieve. — John D. Cook, Henry Dodge, John Scott, R. T. Brown. 5^. Louis. — David Barton, Edward Bates, Alexander McNair, Wm. Rector, John C. Sullivan, Pierre Choteau, Jr., Bernard Pratte, Thomas F. Riddick. Washington^o\m Rice Jones, Samuel Perry, John Hutchings. Wayne. — Elijah Bettis. HISTORY OF MISSOURI. 39 On the 13th of November, 1820, Congress met again, and on the 6th of the same month Mr. Scott, the delegate from Missouri, presented to the House the constitution as framed by the convention. The same was referred to a select committee, who made thereon a favorable report, The admission of the state, however, was resisted, because it was claimed that its constitution sanctioned slavery, and authorized thq Legislature to pass laws preventing free negroes and mulattoes froni settling in the state. The report of the committee to whom was referred the Constitution of Missouri was accompanied by a preamble and reso- lutions, offered by Mr. Lowndes, of South Carolina. The preamble and resolutions were stricken out. The application of the state for admission shared the same fate in the Senate. The question was referred to a select committee, who, on the 29th of November, reported in favor of admitting the state. The debate which followed continued for two weeks, and finally Mr. Eaton, of Tennessee, offered an amendment to the resolution, as follows : " Provided, That nothing herein contained shall be so construed as to give the assent of Congress to any provision in the Constitution of Missouri, if any such there be, which contravenes that clause in the Constitution of the United States which declares that the citizens of each state shall be entitled to all the privileges and immunities of citi-. zens in the several states." The resolution, as amended, was adopted. The resolution and pro-- viso were again taken up and discussed at great length, when the com-- mittee agreed to report the resolution to the House. The question on agreeing to the amendment, as reported from the committee of the whole, was lost in the House. A similar resolution afterward passed the Senate, but was again rejected in the House. Then it was that the great statesman and pure patriot, Henry Clay, of Ken-, tucky, feeling that the hour had come when angry discussion should cease : "With grave Aspect he rose, and in his rising seem'd A pillar of state ; deep on his front engraven Deliberation sat and public care ; And princely counsel in his face yet shone Majestic" * » * * • proposed that the question of Missouri's admission be referred to a com-, mittee consisting of twenty-three persons, (a number equal to the number of states then composing the Union,) to be appointed to act in conjunction with a committee of the Senate to consider and report whether Missouri should be admitted, etc. The motion prevailed, the committee was appointed and Mr. Clay made its chairman. The Senate selected seven of its members to act 40 HISTORY OF MISSOURI. with the committee of twenty-three, and the 26th of February the fol- lowing report was made by that committee: "Resolved, by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States of America in Congress assembled : That Missouri shall be admitted into the Union, on an equal footing with the original states, in all respects whatever, upon the fundamental condition that the fourth clause, of the twenty-sixth section of the third article of the Constitu- tion submitted on the part of said state to Congress, shall never be con- strued to authorize the passage of any law, and that no law shall be passed in conformity thereto, by which any citizen of either of the states in this Union shall be excluded from the enjoyment of any of the privi- leges and immunities to which such citizen is entitled, under the Con- stitution of the United States ; Provided, That the Legislature of said state, by a solemn public act, shall declare the assent of the said state to the said fundamental condition, and shall transmit to the President of the United States, on or before the fourth Monday in November next, an authentic copy of the said act ; upon the receipt whereof, the Presi- dent, by proclamation, shall announce the fact ; whereupon, and without any further proceeding on the part of Congress, the admission of the said state into the Union shall be considered complete." This resolution, after a brief debate, was adopted in the House, and passed the Senate on the 28th of February, 1821. At a special session of the Legistature held in St. Charles, in June following, a solemn public act was adopted, giving its assent to the con- ditions of admission, as expressed in the resolution of Mr. Clay. August lOth, 1821, President Monroe announced by proclamation the admission of Missouri into the Union to be complete. CHAPTER VII. MISSOURI AS A STATE. FIRST ELECTION FOR GOVERNOR AND OTHER STATE OFFICERS-SENATORS AND REP- RESENTATIVES TO GENERAL ASSEMBLY-SHERIFFS AND CORONERS — UNITED STATES SENATORS— REPRESENTATIVES IN CONGRESS— SUPREME COURT JUDGES- COUNTIES ORGANIZED-CAPITAL MOVED TO ST. CHARLES-OFFICIAL RECORD OF TERRITORIAL AND STATE OFFICERS. By the Constitution adopted by the Convention on the 19th of July, i^20, the General Assembly was required to meet in St. Louis on the third Monday in September of that year, and an election was ordered to HISTORY OF MISSOURI. 4: be held on the 28th of August, for the election of a Governor and other state officers, Senators and Representatives to the General Assembly, Sheriffs and Coroners, United States Senators and Representatives in Congress. It will be seen that Missouri had not as yet been admitted as a State, but in anticipation of that event and according to the provisions of the constitution the election was held, and the General Assemby con^ vened. William Clark (who had been Governor of the territory) and Alex- ander McNair were candidates for Governor. McNair received 6,576 votes, Clark 2,556, total vote of the state 9,132. There were three can- didates for Lieutenant Governor, to wit : William H. Ashley, Nathaniel Cook and Henry Elliot. Ashley received 3,907 votes, Cook 3,212, Elliot 931. A Representative was to be elected for the residue of the Six- teenth Congress and one" for the Seventeenth. John Scott, who was at the time territorial delegate, was elected to both Congresses without opposition. The General Assembly elected in August met on the 19th Septem- ber, 1820,, and organized by electing James Caldwell, of Ste. Genevieve, Speaker, and John McArthur, Clerk ; William H. Ashley, Lieutenant Governor, President of the Senate ; Silas Bent, President pro tern. Matthias McKirk, John D. Cook and John R. Jones were appointed Supreme Judges, each to hold office until sixty-five years of age. Joshua Barton was appointed Secretary of State ; Peter Didier, State Treasurer; Edward Bates, Attorney General, and William Christie, Auditor of Public Accounts. David Barton and Thomas H. Benton were elected by the General Assembly to the United States Senate. At this session of the Legislature the counties of Boone, Callaway, Chariton, Cole, Gasconade, Lillard, Percy, Ralls, Ray and Saline were organized. We should like to give in detail the meetings and proceedings of the different Legislatures which followed, the elections for Governors and other state officers, the elections for Congressmen and United States Senators, but for want of space we can only present in a condensed form the official record of the territorial and state officers. OFFICIAL RECORD — TERRITORIAL OFFICERS. : Governors. — Frederick Bates, Secretary and Acting-Governor, 1812-13; William Clark, 1813-20. OFFICERS OF STATE GOVERNMENT. Governors. — Alexander McNair, 1820-24; Frederick Bates, 1824-25 ; Abraham J. Williams vice Bates, 1825 ; John Miller vice Bates, 1826-28;- 42 HISTORY OF MISSOURI. John Miller, 1828-32; Daniel Dunklin, 1832-36, resigned, appointed Sur- veyor General United States; Lilburn W. Boggs vice Dunklin, 1836; Lilburn W. Boggs, 1836-40; Thomas Reynolds, 1840, died 1844; M. M. Marmaduke vice Reynolds — ^John C. Edwards, 1844-48 ; Austin A. King, 1848-52; Sterling Price, 1852-56; Trusten Polk, 1856-57, resigned; Hancock Jackson vice Polk, 1857; Robert M. Stewart vice Polk, 1857-60 ; C. F. Jackson, i860, office vacated by ordinance ; Hamilton R. Gamble vice Jackson, Governor Gamble died 1864; Williard P. Hall, 1864, vice Gamble; Thomas C. Fletcher, 1864-68; Joseph W. McClurg, 1868-70; B. Gratz Brown, 1870-72; Silas Woodson, 1872-74; Charles H. Hardin, 1874-76; John S. Phelps, 1876-80; Thomas T. Crittenden, 1880, and is now Governor. Lieutenant-Governors. — William H.Ashley, 1820-24; Benjamin A. Reeves, 1824-28; Daniel Dunklin, 1828-32; Lilburn W. Boggs, 1832-36 Franklin Cannon, 1836-40; M. M. Marmaduke, 1840-44; James Young, 1844-48-60; Thomas C. Reynolds, 1860-61; Williard P. Hall, 1861-64 George Smith, 1864-68; Edward O. Stanard, 1868-70; Joseph J. Gravely, 1870-72; Charles P. Johnson, 1872-74; Norman J. Colman, 1874-76 Henry C. Brockmeyer, 1876-80; Robert Campbell, 1880, and is the pres- ent incumbent. Secretaries of State. — Joshua Barton, 1820-21 ; William G. Pettis, 1821-24; Hamilton R. Gamble, 1824-26; Spencer Pettis, 1826-28; P. H. McBride, 1829-30; John C. Edwards, 1830, term expired 1835, re-ap- pointed 1837, resigned 1837; Peter G. Glover, 1837-39; James L. Miner, 1839-45; F. H. Martin, 1845-49; Ephraim B. Ewing, 1849-52; John M. Richardson, 1852-56; Benjamin F. Massey, 1856-60, re-elected i860, for four years; Mordecai Oliver, 1861-64; Francis Rodman, 1864-68, re- elected 1868, for two years; Eugene F. Weigel, 1870-72, re-elected 1872, for two years; Michael K. McGrath, 1874, and is the present incumbent. State Treasurers. — Peter Didier, 1820-21 ; Nathaniel Simonds, 1821- 28 ; James Earickson, 1829-33 ; John Walker, 1833-38 ; Abraham McClel- lan, 1838-43; Peter G. Glover, 1843-51 ; A. W. Morrison, 1851-60; Geo. C. Bingham, 1862-64; William Bishop, 1864-68; William Q. Dallmeyer, 1868-70; Samuel Hays, 1872; Harvey W. Salmon, 1872-74; Joseph W. Mercer, 1874-76; Elijah Gates, 1876-80; Phillip E. Chappel, 1880, and present incumbent. Attorneys General. — Edward Bates, 1820-21 ; Rufus Easton, 1821-26; Robert W. Wells, 1826-36; William B. Napton, 1836-39; S. M. Bay, 1839-45; B- F- Stringfellow, 1845-49; William A. Roberts, 1849-51; James B. Gardenhire, 1851-56; Ephraim W. Ewing, 1856-59; James P. Knott, 1859-61; Aikman Welsh, 1861-64; Thomas T. Crittenden, 1864; Robert F. Wingate, 1864-68; Horace P. Johnson, 1868-70; A. J. Baker, 1870-72; Henry Clay Ewing, 1872-74; John A. Hockaday, 1874-76; Jackson L. Smith, 1876-80; Mclntire, 1880, and present incumbent. HISTORY OF MISSOURI. . 43 Auditors of Public Accounts. — William Christie, 1820-21 ; William V. Rector, 1821-23; Elias Barcroft, 1823-33; Henry Shurlds, 1833-35; Peter G. Glover, 1835-37; Hiram H. Baber, 1837-45 ; William Monroe, 1845; J. R. McDermon, 1845-48; George W. Miller, 1848-49; Wilson Brown, 1849-52; William H. Buffington, 1852-60; William S. Moseley, 1860-64; Alonzo Thompson, 1864-68; Daniel M. Draper, 1868-72; Geo. B. Clark, 1872-74; Thomas Holladay, 1874-80; John Walker, 1880, and present incumbent. Judges of Supreme Court. — Matthias McKirk, 1822-41 ; John D. Cooke, 1822-23; John R. Jones, 1822-2^4.; Rufus Pettibone, 1823-25; George Tompkins, 1824-45 ; Robert Walsh, 1825-37; John C. Edwards, 1837-39; William Scott, appointed 1841 till meeting of General Assem- bly, in place of M. McKirk resigned, re-appointed 1843 ; P. H. McBride, 1845 ; William B. Napton, 1849-52; John F. Ryland, 1849-51 ; John H. Birch, 1849-51 ; William Scott, John F. Ryland and Hamilton R. Gamble elected by the people 185 1 for six years ; Gamble resigned 1854; Abiel Leonard elected to fill vacancy of Gamble ; William B. Napton (vacated by failure to file oath), William Scott and John C. Richardson (resigned), elected August, 1857, for six years; E. B. Ewing, 1859, to fill Richard- son's resignation ; Barton Bates appointed 1862 ; W. V. N. Bay appointed 1862; John D. S. Dryden, appointed 1862; Barton Bates, 1863-65 ; W. V. N. Bay, elected 1863 ; John D. S. Dryden, elected 1863 ; David Wag- ner, appointed 1865 ; Wallace L. Lovelace, appointed 1865 ; Nathaniel Holmes, appointed 1865; Thomas J. C. Fagg, appointed 1866; James Baker, appointed 1868; David Wagner, elected 1868-70; Philemon Bliss, 1868-70; Warren Currier, 1868-71 ; Washington Adams, appointed 1 87 1 to fill Currier's place, who resigned-^ Ephraim B. Ewing, elected 1872; Thomas A. Sherwood, elected 1872; W. B. Napton, appointed 1873, in place of Ewing, deceased; Edward A. Seins, appointed 1874, in place of Adams, resigned; Warwick Hough, elected 1874; William B. Napton, elected 1874-80; John E. Henry, 1876-86; Robert Ray suc- ceeded William B. Napton in 1880; Elijah H. Norton, appomted in 1876— elected in 1878. United States Senators. — T. H. Benton, 1820-50; D. Barton, 1820- 30; Alex. Buckner, 1830-33; L. F. Linn, 1833-43; D. R. Atchison, 1843-55; H. S. Geyer, 1851-57; Jas. M.Green, 1857-61; T. Polk, 1857- 63 ; Waldo P. Johnson, 1861 ; Robt. Wilson, 1861 ; B. Gratz Brown, 1863, for unexpired term of Johnson; J. B. Henderson, 1863-69; Chas. D- Drake, 1867-70; Carl Schurz, 1869-75; D. F. Jewett, 1870, in place pf Drake, resigned; F.'P. Blair, 1871-77; L. V. Bogy, 1873; F. M. Cock- rell, 1875-81 ; re-elected 1881 ; Geo. C. Vest, 1879. Representatives to Congress. — Jno. Scott, 1820-26: Ed. Bates, 1826- 28; Spencer Pettis, 1828-31 ; Wm. H. Ashley, 1831-36; John Bull, 1832- 34; Albert G. Harrison, 1834-39; J"o. Miller, 1836-43; John Jameson, 44 HISTORY OF MISSOURI. 1839-44, re-elected 1846 for two years; Jno. C. Edwards, 1840-42; Jas. M. Hughes, 1842-44; Jas. H. Relfe, 1842-46; Jas. B. Bowlin, 1842-50; Gustavus M. Boner, 1842-44; Sterling Price, 1844-46; Wm. McDaniel, 1846; Leonard H. Sims, 1844-46; John S. Phelps, 1844-60; Jas. S. Green, 1846-50, re-elected 1856, resigned; Willard P. Hall, 1846-53; Wm. V. N. Bay, 1848-61; John F. Darby, 1850-53; Gilchrist Porter, 1850-57; John G. Miller, 1850-56 ; Alfred W. Lamb, 1852-54; Thos. H. Benton, 1852-54; Mordecai Oliver, 1852-57; Jas. J. Lindley, 1852-56; Samuel Caruthers; 1852-58; Thomas P. Akers, 1855, to fill unexpired term of J. G. Miller; Francis P., Blair, Jr., 1856, re-elected i860, resigned; Thomas L. Anderson, 1856-1860; James Craig, 1856-60; Samuel H. Woodson, 1856-60; John B. Clark, Sr,, 1857-61 ; J. Richard Barrett, i860; John W. Noel, 1858-63; James S. Rollins, 1860-64; Elijah H. Norton, 1860-63; John W. Reid, 1860-61; William A. Hall, 1862-64; Thomas L. Price, 1862, in place of Reid, expelled; Henry T. Blow, 1862-66; Sempronius T. Boyd, elected in 1862, and again in 1868, for two years; Joseph W. McClurg, 1862-66; Austin A. King, 1862-64; Benjamin F. Loan, 1862-69; John G. Scott, 1863, in place of Noel, deceased; John Hogan, 1864-66; Thomas F. Noel, 1864-67; John R. Kelsoe, 1864-66; Robt. T. Van Horn, 1864-71 ; John F. Benjamin, 1864-71 ;> George W. Anderson, 1864-69; William A. Pile, 1866-68; C. A. Newcomb, 1866-68; Joseph E. Gravely, 1866-68; James R. McCormack, 1866-73 ; John H. Stover, 1867, in place of McClurg, resigned; Erastus Wells, 1868-82; G. A. Finklin- burg, 1868-71; Samuel S. Burdett, 1868-71; Joel F. Asper, 1868-70; David P. Dyer, 1868-70; Harrison E. Havens, 1870-75 ; Isaac C. Parker, 1870-75 ; James G. Blair, 1870-72 ; Andrew King, 1870-72 ; Edwin O. Stannard, 1872-74; William H. Stone, 1872-78; Robert A. Hatcher, elected 1872; Richard P. Bland, 1872; Thomas Crittenden, 1872-74; Ira B. Hyde, 1873-74; John B. Clark, 1872-78; John M. Glover, 1872 ; Aylett H. Buckner, 1872; Edward C. Kerr, 1874-78; Charles H. Morgan, 1874; John F. Phelps, 1874; B. J. Franklin, 1874; David Rea, 1874; Rezin A. DeBoet, 1874; Anthony Ittner, 1876; Nathaniel Cole, 1876; Robert A. Hatcher, 1876-78; R. P. Bland, 1876-78; A. H. Buckner, 1876-78 ; J. B. Clark, Jr., 1876-78; T. T. Crittenden, 1876-78; B. J. Franklin, 1876-78; Jno. M. Glover, 1876-78; Robert A. Hatcher, 1876-78; Chas. H. Morgan, 1876-78; L. S. Metcalfe, 1876-78; H. M. Pollard, 1876-78; David Rea, 1876-78; S. L. Sawyer, 1878-80; N. Ford, 1878-82; G. E. Rothwell, 1878-82; John B. Clark, Jr., 1878-82; W. H. Hatch, 1878-82; A. H. Buckner, 1878-82; M. L. Clardy, 1878-82; R. G. Frost, 1878-82; L. H. Davis, 1878-82; R. P. Bland, 1878-82; J. R. Waddill, 1878-80; T. Allen, 1880-82; R. Hazeltine, 1880-82; T. M. Rice, 1880-82; R. T. Van Horn, 18.80-82. HISTORY OF MISSOURI. COUNTIES — WHEN ORGANIZED. 45 Adair January 29, 1841 Andrew January 29, 1841 Atchison January 14, 1845 Audrain December 17, 1836 Barry January 5, 1835 Barton December 12, 1835 Bates January 29, 1841 Benton January 3, 1835 Bollinger March i, 185 1 Boone November 16, 1820 Buchanan February 10, 1839 Butler February 27, 1849 Caldwell December 26, 1836 Callaway November 25, 1820 Camden January 29, 1841 Cape Girardeau October i, i8i2 Carroll January 3, 1833 Carter March 10, 1859 Cass September 14, 1835 Cedar February 14 184S Chariton November 16, 1820 Christian March 8, 1 860 Clark December 15, 1818 Clay , January 2, 1822 Clinton January 15, 1833 Cole November 16, 1820 Cooper . December 17, 1818 Crawford January 23, 1829 Dade January 29, 1841 Dallas December 10, 1844 Daviess December 29, 1836 DeKalb February 25, 1845 Dent February 10, 1851 Douglas October 19, 1857 Dunklin 'February 14, 1845 Franklin December 11, 1818 Gasconade November 25, 1820 Gentry February 12, 1841 Greene January 2, 1833 Grundy January 2, 1843 Harrison February 14, 1845 Henry December 13, 1834 Hickory February 14, 1845 Holt February 15, 1841 Howard January 23, 1816 Howell March 2, 1857 Iron February 17, 1857 Jackson December 15, 1826 Jasper January 29, 1841 Jefferson December 8, 1818 Johnson December 13, 1834 Knox February 14, Laclede February 24, Lafayette November 16, Lawrence February 25, Lewis January 2, Lincoln December 14, Linn January 7, Livingston January 6, McDonald March 3, Macon January 6, Madison December 14, Maries March 2, Marion December 23, Mercer February 14, Miller February 6, Mississippi February 14, Moniteau February 14, Monroe January 6, Montgomery December 14, Morgan , January 5, New Madrid October i, Newton December 31, Nudaway February 14, Oregon February 14, Osage January 29, Ozark January 29, Pemiscot . February 19, Perry November 16, Pettis January 26, Phelps November 13, Pike December 14, Platte December 31, Polk March 13, Pulaski December 15, Putnam February 28, Ralls November 16, Randolph January 22, Ray November 16, Reynolds February 25, Ripley January 5, St. Charles October i, St. Clair January 29, St. Francois December 19, Ste. Genevieve October i, St. Louis October i, Saline . . .... November 25, Schuyler February 14, Scotland January 29, Scott December 28, ■ Shannon January 29, Shelby January :i. 46 HISTORY OF MISSOURI. COUNTIES — WHEN OKGAmZET).— Continued. Stoddard January 2, 1835 Stone rebruary 10, 185 1 Sullivan February 16, 1845 Taney January 16,1837 Texas February 14, 1835 Vernon February 17, 1851 Warren January 5, 1833 Washington August 21, 1813 Wayne December 11, 1818 Webster March 3, 1855 Worth February 8, 1861 Wright January 29, 1841 CHAPTER VIII. EARLY MILITARY RECORD. BLACK HAWK WAR— MORMON DIFFICULTIES-FLORIDA WAR— MEXICAN WAR. On the 14th day of May, 1832, a bloody engagement took place between the regular forces of the United States, and a part of the Sacs, Foxes and Winnebago Indians, commanded by Black Hawk and Keokuk, near Dixon's Ferry, in Illinois. The Governor (John Miller) of Missouri, fearing these savages would invade the soil of his state, ordered Major-General Richard Gentry to raise one thousand volunteers for the defense of the frontier. Five com- panies were at once raised in Boone County, and in Callaway, Mont- gomery, St. Charles, Lincoln, Pike, Marion, Ralls, Clay and Monroe other companies were raised. Two of these companies, commanded respectively by Captain John Jaimison, of Callaway, and Captain David M. Hickman, of Boone County, were mustered into service in July for thirty days, and put uiider com- mand of Major Thomas W. Conyers. This detachment, accompanied by General Gentry, arrived at Fort Pike on the iSth of July, 1832. Finding that the Indians had not crossed the Mississippi into Missouri, General Gentry returned to Columbia, leaving the fort in charge of Major Conyers. Thirty days having expired, the command under Major Conyers was relieved by two other com- panies under Captains Sinclair Kirtley, of Boone, and Patrick Ewing, of Callaway. This detachment was marched to Fort Pike by Col. Austin A. King, who conducted the two companies under Major Conyers home. Major Conyers was left in charge of the fort, where he remained until September following, at which time the Indian troubles, so far as Mis- souri was concerned, having all subsided, the frontier forces were mus- tered out of service. Black Hawk continued the war in Iowa and Illinois, and was finally defeated and captured in 1833. HISTORY OF MISSOURI. 4/ MORMON DIFFICULTIES. In 1832, Joseph Smith, the leader of the Mormons, and the chosen prophet and apostle, as he claimed, of the Most High, came with many followers to Jackson County, Missouri, where they located and entered several thousand acres of land. The object of his coming so far west — upon the very outskirts of civilization at that time — was to more securely establish his church, and the more effectively to instruct his followers in its peculiar tenets and practices. Upon the present town site of Independence the Mormons located their "Zion" and gave it the name of "The New Jerusalem." They pub- lished here the Evening Star, and made themselves generally obnox- ious to the Gentiles, who were then in the minority, by their denunciatory articles through their paper, their clannishness and their polygamous practices. Dreading the demoralizing influence of a paper which seemed to be inspired only with hatred and malice toward them, the Gentiles threw the press and type into the Missouri river, tarred and feathered one of their bishops, and otherwise gave the Mormons and their leaders to understand that they must conduct themselves in an entirely different manner if they wished to be let alone. After the destruction of their paper and press, they became furiously incensed, and sought many opportunities for retaliation. Matters con- tinued in an uncertain condition until the 31st of October, 1833, when a deadly conflict occurred near Westport, in which two Gentiles and one Mormon were killed. On the 2d of November following the Mormons were overpowered, and compelled to lay down their arms and agree to leave the country with their families by January 1st, on the condition that the owner would be paid for his printing press. Leaving Jackson County, they crossed the Missouri and located in Clay, Carroll, Caldwell and .other counties, and selected in Caldwell County a town site, which they called "Far West," and where they entered more land for their future homes. Through the influence of their missionaries, who were exerting themselves in the East and in different portions of Europe, converts had constantly flocked to their standard, and "Far West" and other Mormon settlements rapidly prospered. In 1837 they commenced the erection of a magnificent temple, but never finished it. As their settlements increased in numbers they became bolder in their practices and deeds of lawlessness. During the surnmer of 1838 two of their leaders settled in the town of DeWitt, on the Missouri River, having purchased the land from an 48 HISTORY OF MISSOURI; Illinois merchant. DeWitt was in Carroll County, and a good point from which to forward goods and immigrants to their town — Far West. Upon its being ascertained that these parties were Mormon leaders, the Crentiles called a public meeting, which was addressed by some of the prominent citizens of the county. Nothing, however, was done at this meeting, but at a subsequent meeting, which was held a few days afterward, a committee of citizens was appointed to notify Colonel Hinkle (one of the Mormon leaders at DeWitt), what they intended to do. Col. Hinkle, upon being notified by this committee, became indig- nant, and threatened extermination to all who should attempt to molest him or the Saints. In anticipation of trouble, and believing that the Gentiles would attempt to force them from DeWitt, Mormon recruits flocked to the town from every direction, and pitched their tents in and around the town in great numbers. The Gentiles, nothing daunted, planned an attack upon this encamp- ment, to take place on the 2 1st day of September, 1838, and, accordingly,, one hundred and fifty men^ bivouacked near the town on that day. A conflict ensued, but nothing serious occurred. The Mormons evacuated their works and fled to some log houses, where they could the more successfully resist the Gentiles, who had in the meantime returned to their camp to await reinforcements. Troops from Howard, Ray and other counties came to their assistance, and increased their number to five hundred men. Congreve Jackson was chosen Brigadier General ; Ebenezer Price, Colonel ; Singleton Vaughn, Lieutenant Colonel, and Sarchel Woods, Major. After some days of discipline, this brigade prepared for an assault, but before the attack was commenced Judge James Earickson and William F. Dunnica, influential citizens of Howard County, asked permission of General Jackson to let them try and adjust the difficulties without any bloodshed. It was finally agreed that Judge Earickson should propose to the Mormons that, if they would pay for all the cattle they had killed belonging to the citizens, and load their wagons during the night and be ready to move by ten o'clock next morning, and make no further attempt to settle in Howard County, the citizens would purchase at first cost their lots in DeWitt and one or two adjoining tracts of land. Col. Hinkle, the leader of the Mormons, at first refused all attempts to settle the difficulties in this way, but finally agreed to the proposition. In accordance therewith, the Mormons, without further delay, loaded up their wagons for the town of Far West, in Caldwell County. Whether the terms of the agreement were ever carried out on the part of the cit- izens, is not known. HISTORY OF MISSOURI. 49 The Mormons had doubtless suffered much and in many ways — the result of their own acts-^but their trials and sufferings were not at aii: end. In 1838 the discord between the citizens and Mormons became so great that Governor Boggs issued a proclamation ordering Major General David R. Atchison to call the militia of his division to enforce the laws. He called out a part of the First Brigade of the Missouri state militia, under command of General A. W. Doniphan, who proceeded to the seat of war. General John B. Clark, of Howard County, was placed in com- mand of the militia. The Mormon forces numbered about 1,000 men, and were led by G. W. Hinkle. The first engagement occurred at Crooked River, where one Mormon was killed. The principal fight took place at Haughn's Mills, where eighteen Mormons were killed and the balance captured, some of them being killed after they had surrendered. Only one militia- man was wounded. In the month of October, 1838, Joe Smith surrendered the town of Far West to General Doniphan, agreeing to his conditions, viz : That they should deliver up their arms, surrender their prominent leaders for trial, and the remainder of the Mormons should, with their families, leave the State. Indictments were found against a number of these leaders, including Joe Smith, who, while being taken to Boone County for trial, made his escape, and was afterward, in 1844, killed at Carthage, Illinois, with his brother Hyrum. FLORIDA WAR. In September, 1837, the Secretary of War issued a requisition on Governor Boggs, of Missouri, for six hundred volunteers, for service in Florida against the Seminole Indians, with whom the Creek nation had made common cause under Osceola. The first regiment was chiefly raised in Boone County by Colonel Richard Gentry, of which he was elected Colonel ; John W. Price, of Howard County, Lieutenant Colonel ; Harrison H. Hughes, also of Howard, Major. Four companies of the Second regiment were raised and attached to the First. Two of these companies were composed of Delaware and Osage Indians. October 6, 1837, Colonel Gentry's regiment left Columbia for the seat of war, stopping on the way at Jefferson barracks, where they were mustered into service. Arriving at Jackson barracks. New Orleans, they were from thence transported in brigs across the Gulf to Tampa Bay, Florida. General Zachary Taylor, who then commanded in Florida, ordered Colonel Gentry to march to Okee-cho-bee Lake, one hundred and thirty-five miles inland by the route traveled. Having reached the Kissimmee 50 HISTORY OF MISSOURI. River, seventy miles distant, a bloody battle ensued in which Colonel Gentry was killed. The Missourians,. though losing their gallant leader, continued the fight until the Indians were totally routed, leaving many of their dead and wounded on the field. There being no further service required of the Missourians, they returned to their homes in 1838. MEXICAN WAR. Soon after Mexico declared war dgairist the United States, on the 8th and 9th of May, 1846, the battles of Palo Alto and Resaca de la Palma were fought. Great excitement prevailed throughout the country. In none of her sister states however, did the fires of patriotism burn more intensely than in Missouri. Not waiting for the call for volunteers, the "St. Louis Legion" hastened to the field of conflict. The Legion was commanded by Colonel A. R. Easton. During the month of May, 1846, Governor Edwards, of Missouri, called for voluoteers to join the "Army of the West," an expedition to the Santa Fe — under command of General Stephen W. Kearny. Fort Leavenworth was the appointed rendezvous for the volunteers; By the i8th of June, the full complement of companies to compose the First Regiment had arrived from Jackson, Lafayette, Clay, Saline, Frank- lin, Cole, Howard and Callaway Counties. Of this regiment A. W. Don- iphan was made Colonel ; C. F. Ruff, Lieutenant-Colonel, and William Gilpin, Major. The battalion of light artillery from St. Louis, was com- manded by Captains R. A. Weightman and A. W. Fischer, with Major M. L. Clark as field officer; battalions of infantry from Platte and Cole Counties, commanded by Captains Murphy and W. Z. Augney, respect- ively, and the " Laclede Rangers," from St. Louis, by Captain Thomas B. Hudson, aggregating, all told, from Missouri, 1,658 men. In the summer of 1846 Hon. Sterling Price resigned his seat in Congress, and raised one mounted regiment, one mounted extra battalion, and one extra battalion of Mormon infantry to reinforce the "Army of the West." Mr. Price was made Colonel, and D. D. Mitchell, Lieutenant-Colonel. In August, 1847, Governor Edwards made another requisition for one thousand men, to consist of infantry. The regiment was raised at once. John Dougherty, of Clay County, was chosen Colonel, but before the regi- ment marched the President countermanded the order. A company of mounted volunteers was raised in Ralls County, com- manded by Captain Wm. T. Lalfland. Conspicuous among the engage- ments in which the Missouri volunteers participated in Mexico were the battles of Brazito, Sacramento, Canada, El Embudo, Taos and Santa Cruz de Resales. The forces from Missouri were mustered out in 1848, .and will ever be remembered in the history of the Mexican war, for "A thousand glorious actions that might claim Triumphant l-iurels, and immortal fame." HISTORY OF MISSOURI. Si CHAPTER IX. CIVIL WAR IN MISSOURI. FORT SUMTER FIRED UPON— CALL FOR 75,000 MEN— GOV JACKSON REFUSES TO FUR- NISH A MAN— U. S. ARSENAL AT LIBERTY, MO., SEIZED— PROCLAMATION OF GOV- ERNOR JACKSON — GENERAL ORDER NO. 7— LEGISLATURE CONVENES — CAMP JACKSON ORG.INIZED- STERLING PRICE APPOINTED MAJOR^ENERAL— FROST'S LETTER TO LYON— LYON'S LETTER TO FROST-SURRENDER OF CAMP JACKSON- PROCLAMATION OF GEN HARNEY -CONFERENCE BETWEEN PRICE AND HARNEY- HARNEY SUPERSEDED BY LYON— SECOND CONFERENCE-GOV. JACKSON BURNS THE BRIDGES BEHIND HIM-PROCLAMATION OF GOV. JACKSON— GEN. BLAIR TAKES POSSESSION OF JEFFERSON CITY— PROCLAMATION OF LYON— LYON AT SPRINGFIELD —STATE OFFICES DECLARED VACANT— GEN. FREMONT ASSUMES COMMAND-PRO- CLAMATION OF LIEUT, GOV. REYNOLDS— PRO JLAMATIO.V OF JEFF. THOMPSON AND GOV. JACKSON— DEATH OF GEN. LYON— SUCCEEDED BY STURGIS— PROCLAMA- TION OF M'CULLOCH AND GAMBLE - MARTIAL LAW DECLARED— SECOND PRO- CLAMATION OF JEFF. THOMPSON— PRESIDENT MODIFIES FREMONT'S ORDER— FRE- MONT RELIEVED BY HUNTER— PROCLAMATION OF PRICE— HUNTER'S ORDER OF ASSESSMENT— HUNTER DECLARES MARTIAL LAW — ORDER RELATING TO NEWS- PAPERS— HALLECK SUCCEEDS HUNTER-HALLECK'S ORDER 81 -SIMILAR ORDER BY HALLECK— BOONE COUNTY .STANDARD CONFISCATED-EXECUTION OF PRISONERS AT MACON AND PALMYRA— GEN. EWING'S ORDER NO. ii-GEN. ROSECRANS TAKES COMMAND— MASSACRE AT CENTR ALIA— DEATH OF BILL ANDERSON-GEN. DODGE SUCCEEDS GEN. ROSECRANS -LIST OF BATTLES. "Lastly stood war — With visage grim, stern looks, and blackly hued, ****** * Ah ! why will kings forget that they are men ? And men that they are brethren ? Why delight In human sacrifice ? Why burst the ties Of nature, that should knit their souls together In one bond of amity and love ?" Fort Sumter wss fired upon April 12, i86r. On April iSth, President Lincoln issued a proclamation, calling for 75,000 men, from the militia of the several states, to suppress combinations in the Southern States therein named. Simultaneously therewith the secretary of war sent a telegram to all the governors of the, states, excepting those mentioned in the proclamation, requesting them to detail a certain number of militia to serve for three months, Missouri's quota being four regiments. In response to this telegram Gov. Jackson sent the following answer: Executive Department of Missouri, Jefferson City; April 17, 1861. To the Hon. Simon Cameron, Secretary of War, Washington, D. C, : Sir: Your dispatch of the iSth ihst., making a call on Missouri for four regiments of men for immediate service, has been received. There can .be, I apprehend, no doubt but these men are intended to form a part of the President's army, to make war upon the people of the 52 HISTORY OF MISSOURI. seceded states. Your requisition, in my judgment, is illegal, unconsti- tutional, and cannot be complied with. Not one man will the State of Missouri furnish to carry on such an unholy war. C. F. JACKSON, Governor of Missouri. April 21, 1861. U. S. Arsenal at Liberty was seized by order of Governor Jackson. April 22, 1861. Governor Jackson issued a proclamation convening- the Legislature of Missouri in May following, in extra session, to take into consideration the momentuous issues, which were presented, and the attitude to be assumed by the state in the impending struggle. On the 22nd of April, 1861, the Adjutant-General of Missouri issued the following military order : Headquarters Adjutant-General's Office, Mo., Jefferson City, April 22, 1861. {General Order No. 7.) I. To attain a greater degree of efficiency and perfection in organi- zation and discipline, the commanding officers of the several military districts in this state, having four or more legally organized companies therein, whose armories are within fifteen miles of each other, will assem- ble their respective commands at some place to be by them severally designated, on the 3rd of May, and to go into an encampment for a _period of six days as provided by law. Captains of companies not organ- ized into battalions, will report the strength of their companies immedi- ately to these headquarters, and await further orders. II. The quartermaster-general will procure and issue to quarter- masters of districts, for these commands not now provided for, all nec- essary tents and camp equipage, to enable the commanding officers thereof to carry the foregoing orders into effect. III. The Light Battery now attached to the Southwest Battalion, and one company of mounted riflemen, including all officers and soldiers belonging to the First District, will proceed forthwith to St. Louis and report to Gen. D. M. Frost for duty. The remaining companies of said battalion will be disbanded for the purpose of assisting in the organiza- tion of companies upon that frontier. The details in the execution of the foregoing are intrusted to Lieutenant-Colonel John S. Bowen, com- manding the battalion. IV. The strength, organization and equipment of the several com- panies in the districts will be reported at once to these headquarters, and district inspectors will furnish all information which may be servic- able in ascertaining the condition of state forces. By order of the Governor. WARWICK HOUGH, Adjutant-General of Missouri. May 2, 1861. The Legislature convened in extra session. Many acts were passed among which was one to authorize the Governor to purchase or lease David Ballantine's foundry, at Boonville, for the man- ufacture of arms and munitions of war ; to authorize the governor to HISTORY OF MISSOURI. S3 appoint one major-general ; to authorize the governor, when in his opinion the security and welfare of the state required it, to take possession of the railroad and telegraph lines of the state ; to provide for the organ- ization, government and support of the military forces ; to borrow one million of dollars to arm and equip the militia of the state to repel invasion and protect the lives and property of the people. An act was also passed creating a "Military Fund," to consist of all the money then in the treasury or that might thereafter be received from the one-tenth of one per cent, on the hundred dollars, levied by act of November, 1857, to complete certain railroads ; also the proceeds of a tax of fifteen cents on the hundred dollars of the assessed value of the taxable property of the several counties in the state, and the proceeds of the two mill tax, which had been theretofore appropriated for educational purposes. May 3, 1861. "Camp Jackson" was organized. May 10, 1861. Sterling Price appointed major-general of state guard. May 10, 1861. General Frost, commanding "Camp Jackson," addressed General N. Lyon, as follows : Headquarters Camp Jackson, Missouri Militia, May 10, 1 861. Capt. N. Lyon, Commanding United States Troops in and about St. Louis Arsenal: Sir : — I am constantly in receipt of information that you contenj- plate an attack upon my camp, whilst I understand that you are impressed with the idea that an attack upon the arsenal and United States troops is intended on the part of the Militia of Missouri. I am greatly at a loss to -know what could justify you in attacking citizens of the United States, who are in lawful performance of their duties, devolving upon them under the constitution in organizing and instructing the militia of the state in obedience to her laws, and, therefore, have been disposed to doubt the correctness of the information I have received. I would be glad to know from you personally whether there is any truth in the statements that are constantly pouring into my ears. So far as regards any hostility being intended toward the United States, or its property or representatives by any portion of my command, or, as far as I can learn, (and I think I am fully informed,) of any other part of the state forces, I can positively say that the idea has never been enter- tained. On the contrary, prior to your taking cotnmand of the arsenal, I proffered to Mayor Bell, then in command of the very few troops con- stituting its guard, the services of myself and all my command, and, if necessary, the whole power of the state, to protect the United States in the full possession of all her property. Upon General Harney taking command of this department, I made the some proffer of services to him, and authorized his Adjutant General, Captain Williams, to communicate the fact that such had been done to the War Department. I have had no occasion since to change any of the views I entertained at the time, neither of my own volition nor through the orders of my constitutional commander..' 54 HISTORY OF MISSOURI. I trust that after this explicit statement that we may be able, by fully understanding each other, to keep far from our borders the misfor- tunes which so unhappily affect our common country. This communication will be handed you by Colonel Bowen, my Chief of Staff, who will be able to explain anything not fully set forth in the foregoing. I am, sir, very respectfully your obedient servant, BRIGADIER GENERAL D. M. FROST, Commanding Catnp Jackson, M. V. M. May lO, 1 86 1. General Lyon sent the following to General Frost : Headquarters United States Troops, St. Louis, Mo., May lo, 1861. General D. M. Frost, Commanding Camp Jackson : Sir : — Your command is regarded as evidently hostile toward the Government of the United States. It is, for the most part, made up of those Secessionists who have openly avowed their hostility to the general government, and have been plotting at the seizure of its property and the overthrow of its authority. You are openly in communication with the so-called Southern Confed- eracy, which is now at war with the United States, and you are receiv- ing at your camp, from the said Confederacy and under its flag, large supplies of the material of war, most of which is known to be the prop- erty of the United States. These extraordinary preparations plainly indicate none other than the well-known purpose of the Governor of this state, under whose orders you are acting, and whose communication' to the Legislature has just been responded to by that body in the most unparalleled legislation, having in direct view hostilities to the general government and co-operation with its enemies. In view of these considerations, and of your failure to disperse in obedience to the proclamation of the President, and of the imminent necessities of state policy and warfare, and the obligations imposed upon me by instructions from Washington, it is my duty to demand, and I do hereby demand of you an immediate surrender of your command, with no other conditions than that all persons surrendering under this com- mand shall be humanely and kindly treated. Believing myself prepared to enforce this demand, one-half hour's time before doing so will be allowed for your compliance therewith. Very respectfully, your obedient servant, N. LYON, Capt. 2d Infantry, Commanding Troops. May 10, 1861. Camp Jackson surrendered and prisoners all released excepting Capt. Emmet McDonald, who refused to subscribe the parole. May 12, 1861. Brigadier General Wm. S. Harney issued a procla- mation to the people of Missouri, saying, "he would carefully abstain from the exercise of any unnecessary powers," and only use "the military force stationed in this district in the last resort to preserve peace." May 14, 1861. General Harney issued a second proclamation. HISTORY OF MISSOURI. 55 May 21, 1861. General Harney held a conference with General Sterling Price, of the Missouri State Guards. May 31, 1861. General Harney superseded by General Lyon. June II, 1861. A second conference was held between the national and state authorities in St. Louis, which resulted in nothing. June II, 1861. Governor Jackson left St. Louis for Jefferson City, burning the railroad bridges behind him, and cutting telegraph wires. June 12, 1861. Governor Jackson issued a proclamation calling into active service 50,000 militia, "to repel invasion, protect life, prop- erty, etc." June 15, 1861. Colonel F. P. Blair took possession of the state capi- tal. Governor Jackson, General Price and other officers having left on the 13th of June for Boonville. June 17, 1861. Battle of Boonville took place between the forces of General Lyon and Colonel John S. Marmaduke. June 18, 1861. General Lyon issued a proclamation to the people of Missouri. July 5, 1861. Battle at Carthage between the forces of General Sigel and Governor Jackson. July 6, 1861. General Lyon reached Springfield. July 22, 1861. State convention met and declared the offices of Governor, Lieutenant Governor and Secretary of State vacated. July 26, 1861. General John C. Fremont assumed command of the 'W^pstern Department, with headquarters in St. Louis. July 31, 1 86 1. Lieutenant Governor Thomas C. Reynolds issued a proclamation at New Madrid. August I, 1861. General Jeff. Thompson issued a proclamation at Bloomfield. August 2, 1861. Battle of Dug Springs, between Captain Steele's forces and General Rains. August 5, 1861. Governor Jackson issued a proclamation at New Madrid. August 5, 1861. Battle of Athens. August ID, 1861. Battle of Wilson's Creek, between the forces under General Lyon and General McCulloch. In this engagemeet Gen- eral Lyon was killed. General Sturgis succeeded General Lyon. August 12, 1861. McCulloch issued a proclamation, and soon left Missouri. August 20, 1861. General Price issued a proclamation. August 24, 1861. Governor Gamble issued a proclamation calling for 32,000 men for six months, to protect the property and lives of the citizens of the state. August 30, 1 86 1. General Fremont declared martial law, and declared that the slaves of all persons who should thereafter take an active part with the enemies of the Government should be free. 5 6 HISTORY OF MISSbURI. September 2, 1861. General Jeff. Thompson issued a proclamation in response to Fremont's proclamation. September 7, 1861. Battle at Drywood Creek. September 11, 1861. President Lincoln modified the clause in Gen- eral Fremont's declaration of martial law, in reference to the confiscation of property and liberation of slaves. September 12, 1861. General Price begins the attack at Springfield on Colonel Mulligan's forces. September 20, 1861. Colonel Mulligan with 2,640 men surrendered. October 25, 1861. Second battle at Springfield. November 2, 1861. General Fremont succeeded by General David Hunter. November 7, 1861. General Grant attacked Belmont. November 9, 1861. General Hunter succeeded by General Halleck, who took command on the 19th of same month, with headquarters in St. Louis. November 27, 1861. General Price issued proclamation calling for 50,000 men, at Neosho, Missouri. December 12, 1861. General Hunter issued his order of assessment -upon certain wealthy citizens in St. Louis, for feeding and clothing Union refugees. December 23-25, 1861. Declared martial law in St. Louis and the country adjacent, and covering all the railroad lines. March 6, 1862. Battle at Pea Ridge, between the forces under Ge»- erals Curtis and Van Dorn. January 8, 1862. Provost Marshal Farrar, of St. Louis, issued the following order in reference to newspapers : Office of the Provost Marshal, General Department of Missouri, St. Louis, January 8, 1862. {General Order No. 10.) It is hereby ordered that from and after this date the publishers of newspapers in the State of Missouri, (St. Louis city papers excepted), furnish to this office, immediately upon publication, one copy of each issue, for inspection. A failure to comply with this order will render the newspaper liable to suppression. Local Provost Marshals will furnish the proprietors with copies of this order, and attend to its immediate enforcement. BERNARD G. FARRAR, Provost Marshal General. January 26, 1862. General Halleck issued order (No. 18) which fpr- badc, among other things, the display of Secession flags in the hands of women or on carriages, in the vicinity of the military prison in McDow- ell's College, the carriages to be confiscated and the offending women to be arrested. HISTORY OF MISSOURI. 57 February 4, 1862. General Halleck issued another order similar to Order No. 18, to railway companies, and to the professors and directors ■of the State University at Columbia, forbidding the funds of the institu- tion to be used "to teach treason or to instruct traitors." February 20, 1862. Special Order No. 120 convened a military com- mission, which sat in Columbia, March following, and tried Edmund J. Ellis, of Columbia, editor and proprietor of the Boone County Standard, for the publication of information for the benefit of the enemy, and encouraging resistance to the United States Government. Ellis was found guilty, was banished during the war from Missouri, and his print- ing materials confiscated and sold. April, 1862. General Halleck left for Corinth, Mississippi, leaving ■General Schofield in command, June, 1862. Battle at Cherry Grove between the forces under •Colonel Joseph C. Porter and Colonel H. S. Lipscomb. June, 1862. Battle at Pierce's Mill between the forces under Major John Y. Clopper and Colonel Porter. July 22, 1862. Battle at Florida. July 28, 1862. Battle at Moore's Mill. August 6, 1862. Battle near Kirksville. August II, 1862. Battle at Independence. August 16, 1862. Battle at Lone Jack. September 13, 1862. Battle at Newtonia. September 25, 1862. Ten Confederate prisoners were executed at Macon by order of General Merrill. October 18, 1862. Ten Confederate prisoners executed at Palmyra ty order of General McNeill. January 8, 1863. Battle at Springfield between the foces of General Marmaduke and General E. B. Brown. April 36, 1863. Battle at Cape Girardeau. August — , 1863. General Jeff. Thompson captured at Pocahontas, Arkansas, with his staff August 25, 1863. General Thomas Ewing issued his celebrated Order No. ii, at Kansas City, Missouri, which is as follows: Headquarters District of the Border, Kansas City, Mo., August 25, 1863. (" General Order No. 11.") First. — All persons living in Cass, Jackson and Bates Counties, Mis- souri, and in that part of Vernon included in this district, except those living within one mile of the limits of Independence, Hickman's Mills, Pleasant Hill and Harrisonville, and except those in fhat part of Kaw Township, Jackson County, north of Brush Creek and west of the Big Blue, embracing Kansas City and Westport, are hereby ordered to remove from their present places of residence within fifteen days from the date hereof. 58 HISTORY OF MISSOURI. Those who, within that time, establish their loyalty to the satisfac- tion of the commanding officer of the military station nearest their present places of residence, will receive from him certificates stating the fact of their loyalty, and the names of the witnesses by whom it can be shown. All who receive such certificate will be permitted to remove to any military station in this district, or to any part of the State of Kansas, except the counties on the eastern borders of the state. All others shall remove out of this district. Officers commanding companies and detach- ments serving in the counties named, will see that this paragraph is promptly obeyed. Second. — All grain and hay in the field, or under shelter, in the dis- trict from which the inhabitants are required to remove, within reach of military stations, after the 9th day of September next, will be taken to such stations and turned over to the proper officer there, and report of the amount so turned over made to district headquarters, specifying the names of aU loyal owners and the amount of such produce taken from them. All grain and hay found in such district after the 9th day of Sep- tember next, not convenient to such stations, will be destroyed. Third. — The provisions of General Order No. 10, from these head- quarters, will at once be vigorously executed by officers commanding in the parts of the district, and at stations not subject to the operations of paragraph First of this Order — and especially in the towns of Independ- ence, Westport and Kansas City. Fourth — Paragraph 3, General Order No. 10, is revoked as to all who have borne arms against the government in the district since August 20, 1863. By order of Brigadier-General Ewing. H. HANNAHS, Adjutant. October 12-13, 1863. Battle of Arrow Creek. January, 1864. General Rosecrans takes command of the depart- ment. September, 1864. Battle at Pilot Knob, Harrison and Little Mor- ceau River. September 27, 1864. Massacre at Centralia, by Captain William Anderson. October 5, 1864. Battle at Prince's Ford and James Gordon's farm. October 15, 1864. Battle at Glasgow. October 20, 1864. Battle at Little Blue Creek. October 27, 1864. Capt. Anderson killed. December — •, 1864. General Rosecrans relieved, and General Dodge appointed to succeed him. Nothing occurred specially, of a military character, in the state, after December, 1864. We have, in the main, given the facts as they occurred, without comment or entering into details. Many of the minor incidents and skirmishes of the war have been omitted because of our limited space. It is utterly impossible, at this date, to give the names and dates of all the battles fought in Missouri during the civil war. It will be found. HISTORY OF MISSOURI. 59 however, that the list given below, which has been arranged for conven- ience, contains the prominent battles and skirmishes which took place within the State : Potosi, May 14, i86i. Booneville, June 17, 1861. Carthage, July 5, 1861. Monroe Station, July 10, 1861. Overton's Run, July 17, i86t. Dug Spring, August 2, 1861. Wilson's Creek, August 9, 1861. Athens, August 5, 1861. Moreton, August 20, 1861. Bennett's Mills, September — , 1861. Drywood Creek, September 7, 1861. Norfolk, September 10, 1861. Lexington, September 12-20, 1861. Blue Mills Landing, September 17, 1861. Glasgow Mistake, September 20, 1861. Osceola, September 25, 1861, Shanghai, October 13, 1861. Lebanon, October 13, 1861. Linn Creek, October 15, 1861. Big River Bridge, October 15, 1861. Fredericktown, October 21, 1861. Springfield, October 25, 1861. Belmont, November 7, 1861. Piketon, November 8, 1861. Little Blue, November 10, 186 1. Clark's Station, November 11, 1861. Zion Church, December 28, i86i. , Silver Creek, January 15, 1862. New Madrid, February 28, 1862. Pea Ridge, March 6, 1862. Neosho, April 22, 1862. Rose Hill, July 10, 1862. Chariton River, July 30, 1862. Cherry Grove, June — , 1862. Pierce's Mill, June — , 1862. Florida, July 22, 1862. Moore's Mill, July 28, 1862. Kirksville, August 6, 1862. Compton's Ferry, August 8, 1862. Yellow Creek, August 13, 1862. 6o HISTORY OF MISSOURI. Independence, August ii, 1862. Lone Jack, August 16, 1862. Newtonia, September 13, 1862. Springfield, January 8, 1863. Cape Girardeau, April 29, 1863. Arrow Rock, October 12 and 13, 1863. Pilot Knob, September — , 1864. Harrison, September — , 1864 Moreau River, October 7, 1864. Prince's Ford, October S, 1864. Glasgow, October 15, 1864. Little Blue Creek, October 20, 1864. Albany, October 27, 1864. Near Rocheport, September 23, 1864. Centralia, September 27, 1864. CHAPTER X. AGRICULTURE AND MATERIAL WEALTH. MISSOURI AS AN AGRICULTURAL STATE— THE DIFFERENT CROPS-LIVE STOCK— HORSES MULES-MILCH COWS-OXEN AND OTHER CATTLE— SHEEP- HOGS— COMPARISONS- MISSOURI ADAPTED TO LIVE STOCK-COTTON— BROOM-CORN AND OTHER PRO- DUCTS-FRUITS—BERRIES-GRAPES—RAILROADS—FIRST NEIGH OF THE "IRON HORSE" IN MISSOURI— NAMES OF RAILROADS-MANUFACTURES— GREAT BRIDGE AT ST. LOUIS. Agriculture is the greatest among all the arts of man, as it is the first in supplying his necessities. It favors and strengthens population ; it creates and maintains manufactures ; gives employment to navigation, and furnishes materials to commerce. It animates every species of indus- try, and opens to nations the safest channels of wealth. It is the strong- est bond of well-regulated society, the surest basis of internal peace, and the natural associate of correct morals. Among all the occupations and professions of life there is none more honorable, none more independent and none more conducive to health and happiness. "In ancient times the sacred plow employ'd The kings, and awful fathers of mankind ; And some, with whom compared, your insect tribes Are but the beings of a summer's day, Have held the scale of empire, ruled the storm Of mighty war with unwearied hand, Disdaining little delicacies, seized The pljw and greatly independent lived." HISTORY OF MISSOURI. 6r As an agricultural region, Missouri is not surpassed by any state in the Union. It is indeed the farmer's kingdom, where he always reaps an abundant harvest. The soil, in many portions of the state, has an open, flexible structure, quickly absorbs the most excessive rains, and retains moisture with great tenacity. This being the case it is not so easily affected by drouth. The prairies are covered with sweet, luxuri- ant grass, equally good for grazing and hay ; grass not surpassed by the Kentucky blue grass — the best of clover and timothy in growing and fattening cattle. This grass is now as full of life-giving nutriment as it was when cropped by the buffalo, the elk, the antelope and the deer, and costs the herdsman nothing. No state or territory has a more complete or rapid system of nat- ural drainage, or a more abundant supply of pure, fresh water, than Missouri. Both man and beast may slake their thirst from a thousand perennial fountains, which gush in limpid streams from the hillsides and wend their way through verdant valleys and along smiling prairies, varying in size as they onward flow, from the diminutive brooklet to the giant river. Here nature has generously bestowed her attractions of climate, soil and scenery to please and gratify man while earning his bread in the sweat of his brow. Being thus munificiently endowed, Missouri offers superior inducements to the farmer, and bids him enter her broad domain and avail himself of her varied resources. We present here a table showing the product of each principal crop in Missouri for 1878. Indian Corn 93,062,000 bushels Wheat 20,196 000 " Rye , 732.°°° " Oats 19,584,000 " Buckwheat 46,400 " Potatoes 5.415.000 " Tobacco 23,023,000 pounds Hay 1 ,620,000 tons There were 3,522,000 acres in corn; wheat, 1,836,000; rye, 48,800 ; oats, 640,000 ; buckwheat, 2,900 ; potatoes, 72,200 ; tobacco, 29,900 ; hay; 850,000. Value of each crop: corn, $24,196,224; wheat, $13,531,320; rye, $300,120; oats, $3,325,120 ; buckwheat, $24,128 ; potatoes, $2,057,- 700; tobacco, $1,151,150; hay, $10,416,600. Average cash value of crops per acre, $7.69 ; average yield of corn per acre, 26 bushels ; wheat, 1 1 bushels. Next in importance to the corn crop in value is the live stock. The following table shows the number of horses, mules and milch cows in the different states for 1879 : 62 HISTORY OF MISSOURI. STATES, HORSES. Maine 81,700 New Hampshire 57, 100 Vermont 77 400 Massachusetts 131,000 Rhode Island 16,200 Connecticut ■■•.... 53 500 New York 898,000 New Jersey 114,500 Pennsylvania 614 500 Delaware 19,900 Maryland 108,600 Virginia 208.700 North Carolina 144,200 South Carolina S9,6oo Georgia 119.200 Florida 22,400 Alabama 112,800 Mississippi 97 200 Louisiana 79, S'^^ Texas 618,000 Arkansas 180,500 Tennessee 329 700 West Virginia 122,200 Kentucky 386,900 Ohio • • • 772,7iJo Michigan 333,800 Indiana 688,800 Illinois 1,100,000 Wisconsin 384 400 Minnesota 247,300 Iowa 770,7°° Misiouri 627,300 Kansas 265,000 Nebraska 157,200 California 173,000 Oregon 109,700 Nevada, Colorado, and Territories 250,000 It will be seen from the above table that Missouri is the fifth state in the number of horses ; fifth in number of milch cows, and the lead- ing state in number of mules, having 11,700 more than Texas, which produces the next largest number. Of oxen and cattle Missouri pro- duced in 1879, 1,632,000, which was more than any other state pro- duced excepting Texas, which had 4,800,000. In 1879, Missouri raised 2,817,600 hogs, which was more than any other state produced excepting Iowa. The number of sheep was 1,296,400. The number of hogs packed in 1879 t)y the different states is as follows : MULES. MILCH COWS. . . . 169,100 . . . 98,100 . . . 217,800 . . . 160,700 . . . 22,000 . . . 116,500 11,800 1,446,200 14.400 152,200 24,900 828,400 4,000 23,200 11,300 100,500 30,600 236,200 74,000 232,300 51,500 131,300 97,200 273,100 11,900 70,000 111,700 215,200 100,000 188,000 80,700 1 10,900 180,200 544,500 89,300 187,700 99.70° 245,700 2,400 130,500 117,800 237 200 26,700 714,100 4,300 416,900 61 200 439,200 138,000 702,400 8,700 477.300 7,000 278,900 43,490 676,200 191,900 516,200 50,000 321,900 13,600 127,600 25,700 459.600 3.500 112,400 25,700 423 600 STAPES. NO. Ohio 932.878 Indiana 622,321 Illinois 3 214,896 Iowa 569,763 STATES. NO Missouri 965 839 Wisconsin 472 108 Kentucky 212,412 HISTORY OF MISSOURI. 63 Average weight per head for each state : STAPES. POUNDS. STATES. POINDS. Ohio 210.47 Missouri 213.32 Indiana 193.80 Wisconsin 220 81 Illinois .' 22571 Kentucky 210. 11 Iowa 211.98 From the above, it will be seen that Missouri annually packs more hogs than any other state, except Illinois, and that she ranks third in the average weight. We see no reason why Missouri should not be the foremost stock- raising state of the Union. In addition to the enormous yield of corn and oats upon which the stock is largely dependent, the climate is well adapted to their growth and health. Water is not only inexhaustible, but everywhere convenient. The ranges for stock are boundless, afford- ing for nine months of the year, excellent pasturage of nutritious wild grasses, which grow in great luxuriance upon her thousand prairies. Cotton is grown successfully in many counties of the southeastern portions of the state, especially in Stoddard, Scott, Pemiscott, Butler, New Madrid, Lawrence and Mississippi. Sweet potatoes are produced in abundance and are not only sure but profitable. Broom corn, sorghum, castor beans, white beans, peas and hops, thrive well, and all kinds of garden vegetables are produced in great abundance and are found in the markets during all seasons of the year. Fruits of every variety, including the apple, pear, peach, cherries, apricots and nectarines are cultivated with great success, as are also the straw- berry, gooseberry, currant, raspberry and blackberry. The grape has not been produced with that success that was at first anticipated, yet the yield of wine for the year 1879 was nearly half a million gallons. Grapes do well in Kansas, and we see no reason why they should not be as surely and profitably grown in a similar climate and soil in Missouri, and particularly in many of the counties north and east of the Missouri River. RAILROADS. Twenty-nine years ago the neigh of the "iron horse" was heard for the first time within the broad domain of Missouri. His coming pres- aged the dawn of a brighter and grander era in the history of the state. Her fertile prairies and more prolific valleys would soon be of easy access to the oncoming tide of immigration, and the ores and minerals of her hills and mountains would be developed and utilized in her manufactur- ing and industrial enterprises. Additional facilities would be opened to the marts of trade and commerce; transportation from the interior of the state would be secured; 64 HISTORY OF MISSOURI. a fresh impetus would be given to the growth of her towns and cities,, and new hopes and inspirations would be imparted to all her people. Since 1852, the initial period of railroad building in Missouri, between four and five thousand miles of track have been laid ; additional roads- are now being constructed and many others in contemplation. The state is already supplied with railroads which thread her surface in all directions, bringing her remotest districts into close connection with St. Louis, that great centre of western railroads and inland commerce. These roads have a capital stock aggregating more than one hundred millions of dollars, and a funded debt of about the same amount. The lines of railroads which are operated in the state are the fol- lowing : Missouri Pacific — chartered May loth, 1850 ; the St. Louis, Iron Mountain & Southern Railroad, which is a consolidation of the Arkansas Branch ; the Cairo, Arkansas & Texas Railroad ; the Cairo Sc Fulton ' Railroad; the St. Louis, Kansas City & Northern Railway; the St. Louis & San Francisco Railway ; the Chicago, Alton & St. Louis Rail- road ; the Hannibal & St. Joseph Railroad ; the Missouri, Kansas & Texas Railroad ; the Illinois, Missouri & Texas Railroad ; the Kansas^ City, St. Joseph & Council Bluffs Railroad ; the Keokuk & Kansas City Railway Company ; the St. Louis, Salem & Little Rock Railroad Com- pany ; the Missouri & Western ; the St. Louis, Keokuk & Northwestern ; the St. Louis, Hannibal & Keokuk Railroad ; the Missouri, Iowa & Nebraska Railway ; the Quincy, Missouri & Pacific Railroad ; the Chi- cago, Rock Island & Pacific Railway ; the Burlington & Southwestern Railroad ; the Chicago, Burlington & Quincy Railroad and the St.. Joseph & Des Moines. MANUFACTURES. The natural resources of Missouri especially fit her for a great man^ ufacturing state. She is rich in soil ; rich in all the elements which sup- ply the furnace, the machine shop and the planing mill ; rich in the mul- titude and variety of her gigantic forests ; rich in her marble, stone and granite quarries ; rich in her mines of iron, coal, lead and zinc ; rich in strong arms and willing hands to apply the force ; rich in water power and river navigation ; and rich in her numerous and well built railroads,, whose numberless engines thunder along their multiplied trackways. Missouri contains over fourteen thousand manufacturing establish- ments, 1,965 of which are using steam and give employment to 80,00a hands. The capital employed is about $100,000,000, the material annu- ally used and worked up amounts to over $150,000,000 and the value of the products put upon the markets $250,000,000, while the wages paid are more than $40,000,000. HISTORY OF MISSOURI. 6? The leading manufacturing counties of the state are St. Louis, Jack- son, Buchanan, St. Charles, Marion, Franklin, Green, Lafayette, Platte, Cape Girardeau and Boone. Three-fourths, however, of the manufactur- ing is done in St. Louis, which is now about the second manufacturing city of the Union. Flouring mills produce annually about $38,194,000; carpentering, $18,763,000; meat-packing, $16,769,000; tobacco, $12,496,- 000; iron and castings, $12,000,000; liquors, $11,245,000; clothing, 10,022,000; lumber, $8,652,000; bagging and bags, $6,914,000, and many other smaller industries in proportion. GREAT BRIDGE AT ST. LOUIS. Of the many public improvements whichdo honor to the state and reflect great credit upon the genius of their projectors, we have space ■ only to mention the great bridge at St. Louis. This truly wonderful structure is built of tubular steel, the total length of which, with its approaches, is 6,277 feet, at a cost of nearly $8,000,000. The bridge spans the Mississippi from the Illinois to the Missouri shore, and has separate railroad tracks, roadways and foot paths. In durability, architectural beauty and practical utility, there is, perhaps, no similar piece of workmanship that opproximates it. The structure of Darius upon the Bosphorus ; of Xerxes upon the Hellespont ; of Caesar upon the Rhine ; and Trajan upon the Dainube, famous in ancient history, were built for military purposes, that over them might pass invading armies with their munitions of war, to destroy commerce, to lay in waste the provinces, and to slaughter the people. But the erection of this was for a higher and nobler purpose. Over it are coming the trade and merchandise of the opulent East, and thence are passing the untold riches of the West. Over it are crowding legions of men, armed not with the weapons of war, but the implements of peace and industry ; men who are skilled in all the arts of agriculture, of manufacture and of mining ; men who will hasten the day when St. Louis shall rank in population and importance second to no city on the continent, and when Missouri shall proudly fill the measure of greatness,, to which she is naturally so justly entitled. 66 HISTORY OF MISSOURI. CHAPTER XI. EDUCATION. PUBLIC SCHOOL SYSTEM-PUBLIC SCHOOL SYSTEM OF MISSOURI— LINCOLN INSTITUTE- OFFICERS OP PUBLIC SCHOOL SYSTEM-CERTIFICATES OF, TEACHERS— UNIVERSITY OF MISSOURI— SCHOOLS— COLLEGES — INSTITUTIONS OF LEARNING — LOCATION- LIBRARIES - NEWSPAPERS AND PERIODICALS — NO. OF SCHOOL CHILDREN — AMOUNT EXPENDED-VALUE OF GROUNDS AND BUILDINGS-" THE PRESS." The first constitution of Missouri provided that " one school or more shall be established in each township, as soon as practicable and neces- sary, where the poor shall be taught gratis.'' It will be seen that even at that early day (1820), the framers of the constitution made provision for at least a primary education for the poorest and the humblest, taking it for granted that those who were able would avail themselves of educational advantages which were not gratuitous. The establishment of the public school system in its essential feat- ures was not perfected until 1839, during the administration of Governor Boggs, and since that period the system has slowly grown into favor, not only in Missouri, but throughout the United States. The idea of a free or public school for all classes was not at first a popular one, espe- cially among those who had. the means to patronize private institutions of learning. In upholding and maintaining public schools, the oppo- nents of the system felt that they were not only compromising their own standing among their more wealthy neighbors, but that they were to some extent bringing opprobrium upon their children. Entertaining such prejudices they naturally thought that the training received in pub- lic schools could not be otherwise than defective, hence many years of probation passed before the popular mind was prepared to appreciate the benefits and blessings which spring from these institutions. Every year only adds to their popularity, and commends them the more earnestly to the fostering care of our State and National Legisla- tures, and to the esteem and favor of all classes of our people. We can hardly conceive of two grander and more potent promoters of civilization than the free school and the free press. They would indeed seem to constitute all that was necessary to the attainment of the happiness and intellectual growth of the republic, and all that was necessary to broaden, to liberalize, and to instruct. HISTORY OF MISSOURI. 6/ " Tis education forms the common mind; ****** For not>Ie youth there is nothing so meet As learning is, to know the good from ill ; To know the tongues, and perfectly indite, And of the laws to have a perfect skill, Things to reform as right and justice will, For honor is ordained for no cause But to see right maintained by the laws. All the states of the Union have in practical operation the public school system, governed in the main by similar laws, and riot differing materially in the manner and methods by which they are taught, but none have a wiser, a more liberal and comprehensive machinery of instruction than Missouri. Her school laws since 1839 have undergone many changes, and always for the better, keeping pace with the most enlightened and advanced theories of the most experienced educators of the land. But not until 1875, when the new constitution was adopted, did the present admirable systern of public instruction go into effect. Provisions were made not only for white, but for children of African descent, and are a part of the organic law, not subject to the caprices of unfriendly legislatures, or the whims of political parties. The Lincoln Institute, located at Jefferson City, for the education of colored teachers, receives an annual appropriation from the General Assembly. For the support of the public schools, in addition to the annual income derived from the public school fund, which is set apart by law, not less than twenty-five per cent, of the state revenue,' exclusive of the interest and sinking fund, is annually applied to this purpose. The officers having in charge the public school interests are the. State Board of Education, the State Superintendent, County Superin- tendent, County Clerk and Treasurer, Board of Directors, City and Town School Board and teacher. The State Board of Education is composed of the State Superintendent, the Governor, Secretary of State and the Attorney General, the executive officer of this board being the State Superintendent, who is chosen by the people every four years. His duties are numerous. He renders decisions concerning the local appli- cation of school law; keeps a record of all the school funds and annually distributes the same to the counties ; supervises the work of county school officers ; delivers lectures ; visits schools ; distributes educational information ; grants certificates of higher qualifications and makes an annual report to the General Assembly of the condition of the schools. The County Superintendents are also elected by the people for two years. Their work is to examine teachers, to distribute blanks and make reports. County clerks receive estimates from the local directors and extend them upon the tax-books." In addition to this they keep the general records of the county and township school funds, and return an 68 HISTORY OF MISSOURI. annual report of the financial condition of the schools of their county to the State Superintendent. School taxes are gathered with other taxes by the county collector. The custodian of the school funds belonging to the schools of the counties is the county treasurer, except in counties adopting the township organization, in which case the township trustee discharges these duties. Districts organized under the special law for cities and towns are governed by a board of six directors, two of whom are selected annually on the second Saturday in September, and hold their office for three years. One director is elected to serve for three years in each school dis- trict at the annual meeting. These directors may levy a tax not exceed- ing forty per cent, on the one hundred dollars valuation, provided such annual rates for school purposes may be increased in districts formed of cities and towns, to an amount not to exceed one dollar on the hundred dollars valuation ; and in other districts to an amount not to exceed sixty-five cents on the one hundred dollars valuation, on the condition that a majority of the voters who are tax payers, voting at an election held to decide the question, vote for said increase. For the purpose of erecting public buildings in school districts, the rates of taxation thus limited, may be increased when the rate of such increase and the pur- pose for which it is intended shall have been submitted to a vote of the people, and two-thirds of the qualified voters of such school district vot- ing at such election shall vote therefor. Local directors may direct the management of the school in respect to the choice of teachers and other details, but in the discharge of all important business such as the erection of a school house or the exten- sion of a term of school beyond the constitutional peribd, they simply execute the will of the people. The clerk of this board may be a director. He keeps a record of the names of ail the children and youth in the district between the ages of five and twenty-one ; records all busi- ness proceedings of the district, and reports to the annual meeting, to the County Clerk and County Superintendents. Teachers must hold a certificate from the State Superintendent or County Commissioner of the county where they teach. State certificates are granted upon personal written examinations in the common branches, together with the natural sciences and higher mathematics. The holder of such certificate may teach in any of the public schools of the state without further examination. Certificates granted by County Commis- sioners are of two classes, with two grades in each class. Those issued for a longer term than one year belong to the first class, and are suscep- tible of two grades, differing both as to length of time and attainments. Those issued for ohe year may represent two grades, marked by qualifi- cation alone. The township school fund arises from a grant of land by HISTORY OF MISSOURI. 69 the general government, consisting of section sixteen in each Congres- sional township. The annual income of the township, fund is appropri- ated to the various townships, according to their respective proprietary claims. The support from the permanent funds is supplemented by direct taxation laid upon the taxable property of each district. The greatest limit of taxation for the current expenses is one per cent.; the tax permitted for school house building cannot exceed the same amount. Among the institutions of learning, and ranking, perhaps, the first in importance, is the State University, located at Columbia, Boone County. When the state was admitted into the Union, Congress granted to it one entire township of land (46,080 acres) for the support of a " Seminary of Learning." The lands secured for this purpose are among the best and most valuable in the state. These lands were put upon, the market in 1832 and brought $75,000, which amount was invested in the .stock of the old Bank of the State of Missouri, where it remained and increased by accumulation to the sum of $100,000. In 1839, by an act •of the General Assembly, .five commissioners were appointed to select a site for the State University, the site to contain at least fifty acres of land in a compact form, within two miles of the county seat, of Cole, Cooper, Howard, Boone, Callaway or Saline. Bids were let among the counties named, and the county of Boone having subscribed the sum of $117,921, some $18,000 more than any other county, the State Univer- sity was located in that county, and on the 4th of July, 1840, the corner- stone was laid with imposing ceremonies. The present annual income of the university is nearly $65,000. There are still unsold about 200,000 acres of land from the grant of 1862. The donations to the institutions connected therewith amount to nearly $400,000. This university, with its different departments, is •opened to both male and female, and both sexes enjoy alike its rights and privileges. Among the professional schools, which form a part of the university, are the Normal, or College of Instruction in Teaching ; the Agricultural and Mechanical College ; the School of Mines and Metallurgy ; the College of Law ; the Medical College, and Department of Analytical and Applied Chemistry. Other departments are contemplated and will be added as necessity requires. The following will show the names and locations of the schools and institutions of Ihe state as reported by the Commissioner of Education in J 875. UNIVERSITIES AND COLLEGES. Christian University Canton. :St. Vincent's College Cape Girardeau. University of Missouri Columbia. Central College.. Fayette, 70 HISTORY OF MISSOURI. Westminster College Fulton. Lewis College . . . . Glasgow. Pritchett School Institute Glasgow.. Lincoln College. . ; Greenwood. Hannibal College Hannibal. Woodland College Independence.- Thayer College Kidder. LaGrartge College LaGrange. William Jewell College Liberty. Baptist College Louisiana.. St. Joseph College St. Josoph. College of Christian Brothers St. Louis. St. Louis University St. Louis. Washington University St. Louis. Drury College Springfield. Central Wesleyan College : . . . . Warrenton. FOR SUPERIOR INSTRUCTION OF WOMEN. St. Joseph Female Seminary St. Joseph.^ Christian College Columbia.' Stephens' College Columbia. Howard College .."... Fayette: Independence Female College Independence. Central Female College Lexington., Clay Seminary Liberty. Ingleside Female College Palmyra. Linden Wood College for Young Ladies St. Charles. Mary Institute (Washington University) St. Louis. St. Louis Seminary St. Louis.' Ursuline Academy St. Louis. FOR SECONDARY INSTRUCTION. Arcadia College Arcadia. St. Vincent's Academy Cape Girardeau. Chillicothe Academy Chillicothe, Grand River College Edinburgh. Marionville College Institute Marionville. Palmyra Seminary Palmyra. St. Paul's College Palmyra. Van Rensselaer Academy ... . Rensselaer. Shelby High School Shelbyville. Stewartsville Male and Female Seminary Stewartsville; SCHOOLS OF SCIENCE.. Mo. Agricultural and Mechanical College (University of Mo.). Columbia. Schools of Mines and Metallurgy (Universy of Missouri) Rolla. Polytechnic Institute (Washington University) St. Louis. HISTORY OF MISSOURI. 7 1, SCHOOLS OF THEOLOGY. St. Vincent's College (Theological Department) Cape Girardeau. Westminster College (Theological School) • . Fulton. Vardeman School of Theology (William Jewell College) . ." Liberty. Concordia College St. Louis: SCHOOLS OF LAW. Law School of the University of Missouri Columbia. Law School of the Washington University St. Louis. SCHOOLS OF MEDICINE. Medical College, University of Missouri Columbia College of Physicians and Surgeons , St. Joseph Kansas City College of Physicians and Surgeons Kansas City Hospital Medical College St. Joseph Missouri Medical College St. Louis Northwestern Medical College St. Joseph St. Louis Medical College St. Louis Homeopathic Medical College of Missouri St. Louis Mo. School of Midwifery and Diseases of Women and Children, St. Louis Missouri Central College St. Louis St. Louis College of Pharmacy St. Louis LARGEST PUBLIC LIBRARIES. NAME LOCATION. VOLUMES. St. Vincent's College Cape Girardeau. . . . 5,500 Southeast Missouri State Normal School Cape Girardeau. . 1,225 University of Missouri Columbia lo.ood Athenian Society Columbia ......'. 1,200 Union Literary Society Columbia 1,200 Law College Columbia 1,000 Westminster College Fulton 5,000 Lewis College Glasgow 3,ooo Mercantile Library Hannibal 2,219 Library Association Independence 1,100 Fruitland Normal Institute Jackson 1,000 State Library Jefferson City 1 3,000 Fetterman's Circulating Library Kansas City 1,300 Law Library. Kansas City. 3,ooo Whittemore's Circulating Library Kansas City 1,000 North Missouri State Normal School Kirksville 1,050 William Jewell College Liberty 4,000 St. Paul's College Palmyra 2,000 Missouri Schools of Mines and Metallurgy. . .Rolla 2,478 St. Charles Catholic Library St. Charles 1,716 Carl Fuelling's Library St. Joseph 6,000 Law Library St. Joseph 2,000 Public School Library ,, St. Joseph.. 2,500 72 HISTORY OF MISSOURI. Woolworth & Colt's Circulating Library St. Joseph 4,000 Academy of Science St. Louis 2,744 Academy of Visitation St. Louis 4,000 College of the Christian Brothers St. Louis 22,000 Deutsche Institute St. Louis 1,000 German Evang. Lutheran, Concordia College . . St. Louis 4,800 Law Library Association - - ... St. Louis 8,000 Missouri Medical College St. Louis 1,000 Mrs. Cuthbert's Seminary (Young Ladies) .- . . St. Louis 1,500 Odd Fellows Library St. Louis 4,000 Public School Library St. Louis 40,097 .St. Louis Medical College St. Louis 1,100 St. Louis Mercantile Library St. Louis . . . , 45,000 St. Louis Seminary St. Louis 2,000 St. Louis Turn Verein St. Louis 2,000 .St. Louis University St. Louis 17,000 St. Louis University Libraries St Louis 8,000 Ursuline Academy St. Louis 2,000 Washington University St. Louis 4,5oo St. Louis Law School St. Louis 3,000 Young Men's Sodality St. Louis 1,327 Library Association : Sedalia i ,500 Public School Library Sedalia 1,015 Drury College Springfield 2,000 IN 1880. Newspapers and periodicals 48 1 CHARITIES. State Asylum for Deaf and Dumb Fulton. St. Bridget's Institution for Deaf and Dumb St. Louis. Institution for the Education of the Blind St. Louis. State Asylum for Insane Fulton. State Asylum for the Imsame. , _ St. Joseph. NORMAL SCHOOLS. Normal Institute ..:......:.; Bolivar. Southeast Missouri State Normal School Cape Girardeau. Normal School (University of Missouri)'. '.■ ...... .Columbia. Fruit'land Normal Institute. . . . ; Jackson. Lincoln Institute (for colored). . ... Jefferson City. City Normal School St. Louis. Missouri State Normal School Wai;rensburg. IN 1878. Estimated value of school property $1,321,399 Total receipts for public schools. . 4,207,617 Total expenditures.^ ^.,406, 139 HISTORY OF MISSOURI. 73 NUMBER OF TEACHERS. Male teachers, 6,239 > average monthly pay $36.36 Female teachers, S,o6o; average monthly pay 2i.og NEWSPAPERS AND PERIODICALS. The fact that Missouri supports and maintains four hundred and seventy-one newspapers and periodicals shows that her inhabitants are not only a reading and reflecting people, but that they appreciate " The Press," and its wonderful influence as an educator. The poet has well " said : But mightiest of the mighty means, On which the arm of progress leans, Man's noblest mission to advance. His woes assuage, his weal enhance, His rights enforce, his wrongs redrei^s — Mightiest of mighty is the Press. CHAPTER XII. RELIGIOUS DENOMINATIONS. BAPTIST CHURCH-ITS HISTORY— CONGREGATIONAL— WHEN FOUNDED— ITS HISTORY- CHRISTIAN CHURCH— ITS HISTORY— CUMBERLAND PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH— ITS HISTORY — METHODIST EPISCOPAL CHURCH — ITS HISTORY — PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH-ITS HISTORY— PROTESTANT EPISCOPAL CHURCH— ITS HISTORY— UNITED PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH— ITS HISTORY— UNITARIAN CHURCH-ITS HISTORY— RO- MAN CATHOLIC CHURCH-ITS HISTORY. The first representatives of religious thought and training who pene- trated the Missouri and Mississippi Valleys were Pere Marquette, La Salle, and others of Catholic persuasion, who performed missionary labor among the Indians. A century afterward came the Protestants. At that early period "A church in every grove that spread Its living root above their heads," constituted for a time, their only house of worship, and yet to them " No temple built with hands could vie In glory with its majesty." In the course of time the seeds of Protestantism were scattered along the shores of the two great rivers which form the eastern and western boundaries of the state, and still a little later they were sown upon her hillsides and broad prairies, where they have since bloomed and blos- somed as the rose. 5 74 HISTORY OF MISSOURI. BAPTIST CHURCH. The earliest anti-Catholic religious denomination of which there is any record, was organized in Cape Girardeau County in 1806, through the efforts of Rev. David Green, a Baptist, and a native of Virginia. In 1816 the first association' of Missouri Baptists was formed, which was composed of seven churches, all of which were located in the southeast- ern' part' of the state. Iir 1817 a second association of churches was formed,' called' the Missoxiri Association, the name being afterwards changed to'St. Eouis Associatio>n. 1834 a general convention of all the churches of this dfenomination' was held in Howard County, for the pur- pose of effecting a central organization, at which time was commenced what is now Known as the " General Association of Missouri Baptists." To this body is committed the state mission work, denominational education, foreign missions and the circulation of religious literature. The Baptist Church has under its control a number of schools and col- leges, the most important of which is William Jewell College, located at Liberty, Clay County. As shown by the annual report for 1875, there were in Missouri at that date, sixty-one associations, one thousand four hundred churches, eight hundred and twenty-four ministers and eighty- rrine -thousand six hundred and fifty church members. CONGREGATIONAL CHURCH. The Congregatfonalists inaugurated their missionary labors in the state in 1 8 14. Rev. Samuel J. Mills, of Torringford, Connecticut, and Rev. Daniel Smith, of Bennington, Vermont, were sent west by the Mas- sachusetts Congregational Home Missionary Society during that year, and in November, 18 14, they preached the first regular Protestant ser- mons in St. Louis. Rev. Salmon Giddings, sent out under the auspices of the Connecticut Congregational Missionary Society, organized the first Protestant church in the city, consisting often members, constituted Presbyterian. The churches organized by Mr. Giddings were all Presby- terian in their order. No exclusively Congregational church was founded until 1852, when the First Trinitarian Congregational Church of St. Louis was organized. The next church of this denomination was organized at Hannibal, in 1S59. Then followed a Welsh church in New Cambria, in 1864, and after the close of the war fifteen churches of the same order were formed in- different parts of the state. In 1866 Pilgrim Church, St. Louis was organized. The General Conference of Churches of Missouri was formed in 1865; which was changed in 1868 to General Association. In 1866 Hannibal, Kidder and St. Louis District Associations were formed, and following these were the Kansas City and Springfield District Associa- HISTORY OF MISSOURI. 75 tions. This denomination in 1875 had 70 churches, 41 ministers, 3,363 church members, and had also several schools and colleges and one -monthly newspaper. CHRISTIAN CHURCH. The earliest churches of this denomination were organized in Cal- laway, Boone and Howard Counties, some time previously to 1829. The first church was formed in St. Louis in 1836, by Elder R. B. Fife. The first state Sunday school convention of the Christian Church was held in Mexico, in 1876. Besides a number of private institutions this ■denomination has three state institutions, all of which have an able corps of professors and have a good attendance of pupils. It has one religious paper published in St Louis, The Christian, which is a weekly publica- tion and well patronized. The membership of this church now numbers nearly one hundred thousand in the state and is increasing rapidly. It Ihas more tlian five hundred organized churches, the greater portion of nvliich are north of the Missouri River. CUMBERLAND PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH. In the spring of 1820 the first Presbytery of this denomination west of the Mississippi, was organized in Pike County. This Presbytery included all the territory of Missouri, Western Illinois and Arkansas, and numbered only four ministers, two of whom resided at the time in Missouri. There are now in the state twelve Presbyteries, three Synods, nearly three hundred ministers and over twenty thousand members. The Board of Missions is located at St. Louis. They have a number of High Schools and two monthly papers published at St. Louis. METHODIST EPISCOPAL CHURCH. In i8c36, Rev. John Travis, a young Methodist minister, was sent out to the Western Conference, which then embraced the Mississippi Valley, from Green County, Tennessee. During that year Mr. Travis organized a number of small churches. At the close of his conference year he reported the result of his labors to the Western Conference, which was held at Chillicothe, Ohio, in 1807, and showed an aggregate of one hun- dred and six members and two circuits, one called Missouri and the other Meramec. In 1808 two circuits had been formed, and at each suc- ceeding year the number of circuits and members constantly increased, until 1812, when what was called the Western Conference was divided into the Ohio and Tennessee Conferences, Missouri falling into the Ten- nessee Conference. In 1816 there was another division when the Mis- souri Annual Conference was formed. In 18 10 there were four traveling 76 HISTORY OF MISSOURI. preachers, and in 1820 fifteen traveling preachers, with over two thousand members. In 1836 the territory of the Missouri Conference was again divided when the Missouri Conference included only the state. In 1840 there were seventy-two traveling preachers, 177 local ministers and 13,992 church members. Between 1840 and 1850 the church was divided by the organization of the Methodist Episcopal Church South. In 1850 the membershiji of the M. E. Church was over 25,000, and during the succeed- ing ten years the church prospered rapidly. In 1875 the M. E. Church reported 274 church edifices and 34,156 members ; the M. E. Church South reported 443 church edifices and 49,588 members. This denom- ination has under its control several schools and colleges and two weekly newspapers. PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH. The Presbyterian church dates the beginning of their missionary efforts in the state as far back as 18 14, but the first Presbyterian Church was not organized until 18 16, at Bellevue settlement, eight miles from St. Louis. The next churches were formed in 1816 and 1817, at Bon- homme. Pike County. The first Presbyterian Church was organized in St. Louis in 18 17, by Rev. Salmon Gidding. The first Presbytery was organized 1817, by the Synod of Tennessee, with four ministers and four churches. The first Presbyterian house of worship (which was the first Protestant) was commenced in 1819 and completed in 1826. In 1820 a mission was formed among the Osage Indians. In 183 1, the Presbytery was divided into three : Missouri, St. Louis and St. Charles. These were erected with a synod, comprising eighteen ministers and twenty- three churches. The church was divided in 1838, throughout the United States. In i860 the rolls of the Old and New School Synods together showed 109 ministers and 146 churches. In 1866 the Old School Synod was divided on political questions springing out of the war — a part forming the Old School or Independent Synod of Missouri, who are connected with the General Assembly South. In 1870 the Old and New School Presbyterians united, since which time this Synod has steadily increased until it now numbers more than 12,000 members, with more than 220 churches and 150 ministers. This Synod is composed of six Presbyteries and has under its con- trol one or two institutions of learning and one or two newspapers. That part of the original Synod which withdrew from the General Assembly remained an independent body until 1874, when it united with the Southern Presbyterian Church. The Synod in 1875 numbered 80 ministers, 140 churches and 9,000 members. It has under its control several male and female institutions of a high order. The St. Louis Presbyterian, weekly paper, is the recognized organ of the Synod. HISTORY OF MISSOURI. TJ PROTESTANT EPISCOPAL CHURCH. The missionary enterprises of this church began in the state in 1818, when a parish was organized in the city of St. Louis. In 1828 an agent of the Domestic and Foreign Missionary Society visited the city, who reported the condition of things so favorably that Rev. Thomas Horrell was sent out as a missionary, and in 1825 he began his labors in St. Louis. A church edifice was completed in 1830. In 1836 there were five clergymen of this denomination in Missouri, who had organized congregations in Booneville, Fayette, St. Charles, Hannibal and other places. In 1840, the clergy and laity met in convention, a diocese was formed, a constitution and canons adopted, and in 1844 a Bishop was chosen, he being the Rev. Cicero S. Hawks. Through the efforts of Bishop Kemper, Kemper College was founded near St. Louis, but was afterward given up on account of pecuniary troubles. In 1847, the Clark Mission began and in 1849 the Orphans Home, a charitable institution was founded. In 1865, St. Luke's Hospital was established. In 1875, there were in the city of St. Louis, twelve parishes and missions and twelve clergymen. This denomination has several schools and colleges and one newspaper. UNITED PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH. This denomination is made up of the members of the Associate and Associate Reformed churches of the Northern states, which two bodies united in 1858, taking the name of United Presbyterian Church of North America. Its members were generally bitterly opposed to the institu- tion of slavery. The first congregation was organized at Warrensburg, Johnson County, in 1867. It rapidly increased in numbers and had, in 1875, ten ministers and five hundred members. UNITARIAN CHURCH. This church was formed in 1834, by Rev. W. G. Eliot, in St. Louis. The churches are i&vi in number throughout the state, the membership being probably less than 30x3, all told. It has a mission house and freie school, for poor children, supported by donations. ROMAN CATHOLIC CHURCH. The earliest written record of the Catholic Church in Missouri shows that Father Watrin performed ministerial services in Ste. Gene- vieve in 1760, and in St. Louis in 1766. In 1770 Father Meurin erected .a small log church in St. Louis. In i8i8 there were in the state four tchapels, and for Upper Louisiana, seven priests. A college and semin- 78 HISTORY OF MI^SOURI. ary were opened in Perry County about this period for the education of the young, being the first college west of the Mississippi river. In 1824 a college was opened in St. Louis, which is now known as the St. Louis University. In 1826, Father Rosatti was appointed Bishop of St. Louis, and, through his instrumentality, the Sisters of Charity, Sisters of St. Joseph and of the Visitation were founded, besides other benevolent and charitable institutions. In 1834 he completed the present Cathedral Church. Churches were built in different portions of the state. In 1847 St. Louis was created an arch-diocese, with Bishop Kenrick, Arch- bishop. In Kansas City there are five parish churches,, a hospital, a convent and several parish schools. In 1868 the northwestern portion of the state was erected into a separate diocese, with its seat at St. Joseph, and Right-Reverend John J. Hogan appointed Bishop. There were, in 1875, in the city of St. Louis, 34 churches, 27 schools, 5 hospitals, 3 colleges, 7 orphan asylums and 3 female protectorates. There were also 105 priests, 7 male and 13 female orders, and 20 conferences of St Vincent de Paul, numbering 1,100 members. In the diocese, outside of St. Louis, there is a college, a male protectorate, 9 convents, about 120 priests, 150 churches and 30 stations. In the diocese of St. Joseph there were, in 1875,21 priests, 29 churches, 24 stations, i college, i monastery, 5 con- vents and 14 parish schools. THEOLOGICAL SCHOOLS. Instruction preparatory to ministerial work is given ia connection! with collegiate study, or in special theological courses, at : Central College, (M. E. South) Fayette Central Wesleyan College (M. E. Church) Warrenton Christian University (Christian) Canton Concordia College Seminary (Evangelical Lutheran) St. Louis Lewis College (M. E. Church) Glasgow St. Vincent's College (Roman Catholic) Cape Girardeau Vardeman School of Theology (Baptist) Liberty The last is connected with William Jewell College History of Buchanan County CHAPTER I. PREFATORY. THE COUNTY, ITS LOCAl ION AND NAME— PLAN AND SCOPE OF THIS WORK. Over two score years have passed since the first white settlement was made within the bounds of that territory now known as Buchanan County, Missouri. A little more than half a century since, the uncivilized aborigines roamed the prairies wild and free, unfettered by the restraint of com- mon or statutory law, and uncircumscribed by township boundaries and county lines. The transformation which has taken place in the physiog- nomy of the country alone is beyond the comprehension of the finite mind ; luxuriant groves where there was the wide stretching prairie ; cultivated fields where was the primeval forest ; orchards, vineyards and gardens where waved the tall prairie grass. So marked has been the change in the physiognomy of the country that there has been a decided ' change in the climatology. The elements themselves seem to have taken notice of the great change and have governed themselves accord- ingly. While the annual rainfall and the mean annual temperature remain the same in quantity, they are now entirely different in quality, and although imperceptible and independent of man's will, they have nevertheless come under the same civilizing power which has changed the wilderness into a fruitful land. • The great change which has taken place in the development of the material resources of the country is more noticeable, as man can more readily discern the changes which take place by detail in his own cLr- 80 HISTORY OF BUCHANAN COUNTY. cumscribed field of activity than he can those grand revolutions in the boundless domain of nature. The changes which have occurred in social, intellectual and moral conditions are still more marked, mind being more swift to act on mind than on matter. These changes can best be estimated by the institution of a brief contrast : Then the material resources of the country consisted simply in the streams of water which quenched the thirst of the aborigine, wherein was found the fish which he ate, and upon which floated his frail canoe ; the forest where he procured his fuel, material for the construction of his rude weapons, and which sheltered the game which afforded him a meagre and uncertain sustenance. Such were the material resources made available to the owner of the soil. The social condition of the people was scarcely more advanced than is that of certain orders of the lower animals, whose social attainments are comprehended in the ability to unite for mutual offense or defense. In intellect and morals, there was a people somewhat above the brute, but on the lowest round of the ladder. Now the material resources of the country include in their number the soil, with every useful and ornamental product known to the temper- ate zone ; the forest with every species of manufacture, useful and orna- mental, known to the civilized world. The water in the streams, and the currents of air above us, are alike trained to do man's bidding, while from the depths of the earth beneath our feet is brought forth the hidden wealth, which was hoarded by the turmoil of ages. A city with its tens of thousands of people, a country with its thousands of inhabitants, while in city and country the lofty spires of churches and school houses are evidences of the social, moral and intellectual conditions. All this change in material things has been brought about by the incoming of a new people from the far off East and South, and that, too, within the space of half a century. History furnishes no parallel to the rapid development of this western country ; it has been a chain whose links were ever recurring surprises, and among the astonshed, there are none more so, than those whose thro"bbing brains have planned, and whose busy hands have executed the work. Almost a century ago, a friend of America, although an Englishman, in language almost prophetic, wrote : " Westward the course of empire takes its way, The four first acts already past, The fifth shall close the drama of the day; Time's noblest offering is the last." The settlement of the new world, alluded to by the. writer, has, as a* whole, fully mejt the conditions of that prophecy, but not till the past half a century, did the onward march of empire culminate in the settle- HISTORY OF BUCHANAN COUNTY. 8 1 ■ment of Northwest Missouri. With the exception of a few mining towns in the gold regions of California and the silver districts of Colorado, nothing has been like it before, and it will not be exceeded in time to come. This has not been an accident. All kinds of material development follow recognized and well-established laws, and in nothing does this fact more reveal itself than in the settlement of a country. Whoever has made it his business to study the " Great Northwest,'.' as it has unfolded itself in history during the last quarter of a century, has doubtless met with ever returning wonders. The story of its unparalleled growth, and' almost phenomenal development, has so often been repeated that it has become a common place platitude ; but a careful study of the country will suggest questions, which have thus far not been answered, and cannot be. Why, for instance, have some sections filled iup so rapidly, and certain cities spring up as if by magic, while others seemingly no less favored by nature, are still in the first stages of devel- opment ? These question cannot in all cases be answered ; but whoever ihas studied the matter carefully cannot fail to have discovered a law of growth, which is as unvarying as any law of nature. The two leading factors in the problem of municipal growth are location and character of first settlers. The location of Buchanan County was most favorable, and what is true of Buchanan County is true of the whole state. Almost surrounded, as it is, by two of the most renowned water-courses of the world, one will readily see that it pos- sessed advantages enjoyed by no other state in the Union. These con- ditions, so favorable to the past and future development of the country, are beautifully illustrated by an ingenious little poem entitled "Two Ancient Misses," written by a gentleman who has won a widespread reputation at the bar. We here quote it, as it well illustrates our point, and is of sufficient merit to be preserved : TWO ANCIENT MISSES. I know two ancient misses Who ever onward go, From a cold and rigid northern clime, Through a land of wheat, and corn and wine, To the southern sea where the fig and the lime And the golden orange? grow. In graceful curves they wind about, Upon their long and lonely route, Among the beauteous-hills; They never cease their onward step, Though day and night they're dripping wet, And oft with the sleet and snow beset, And sometimes with the chills. 82 HISTORY OF BUCHANAN COUNTY.. The one is a romping, dark brunette, As fickle and gay as any coquette ; She glides along by the western plains, And changes her bed every time it rains ; Witching as any dark-eyed houri. This romping, wild brunette, Missouri. The other is placid, mild and fair, With a gentle, sylph-like, quiet air, And a voice as sweet as a soft guitar ; She moves along the meadows and parks Where naiads play ./Eolian harps — Nor ever go by fits and starts — No fickle coquette of the city, But gentle, constant Mississippi. I love the wild and dark brunette Because she is a gay coquette ; Her, too, I love, of quiet air. Because she's gentle, true and fair; The land of my birth, on the east and the west, Embraced by these is doubly blest — 'Tis hard to tell which I love best. In entering upon the work before us, we have not underestimated the difificulty and importance of the task. The chief difficulty lies in the fact that the events to be treated, while they have to do' with the past, are so intimately interwoven with the present that they are properly a part of it. The writer of history, as a general thing, deals, wholly with the affairs of past generations, and his aim is to pause when he arrives at that realm bounded by the memory of men now livings The whole field of our investigation lies this side of that boundary line,, as there are many who) will doubtless peruse this work who' from the . first have witnessed and taken part in the events we shall attempt to relate. While there are a few who came to Buchanan County as early as 1836,. its permanent settlement did not properly begin until 1837-8. Assum- ing 1837, to be the beginning of the history proper, there have elapsed but forty-four years, and many who came at that time, or shortly afterward, still live in our midst. And such, while they have grown prematurely old in body by reason of the hardships and privations inci- dent upon a life of more than ordinary activity and trial have not grown old in spirit. Each one of siich knows the history of the county, and be it said, with due reverence for their hoary heads and bended forms, each one knows the history better than anyone else. Such readers are very uncharitable critics ; and a work of this kind, absolutely accurate in all its details and particulars, were it within the scope of human possibility to make such a work, would undoubtedly be pronounced by many well- meaning and honest person.?, faulty and untrustworthy.. This results. HISTORY or BitrCHANAN COUNTY.. Sj, from the fact that forty-three years, though act. a long period In the his- tory of the world, is a long time m the life of an individual. Events. occurring at that length of time in the past, we think we know perfectly well, when the fact is we kn»w them very imperfectly. This is proved and illustrated by the reluctancy and hesitation manifested invariably by old settlers, when called upon, to give the details of some early transac- tion ; the old settler usually hesiiates before giving a date, and after- having finally settled down upon the year and the month, when a certain event occurred, will probably hunt you. up^ in less than a day, and request the privilege of correcting the date. In the meantime, you have found another old settler, who was aru eye witness of the act in question,, and the date he will give you does not correspond with the first date,, nor the corrected date as given by the fixst old settler. There are some marked exceptions, but as a rule the memory of the old settler is not trustworthy ; his ideas of the geaeral outlines are usually comparatively correct, but no one who has the grace to put the proper estimate upon his mental faculties when impaired by age and weakened by the many- infirmities of years will trust it to the arbitrament of questions of parti- culars and details. The stranger who comes into the county with none of the informa- tion which those possess who have resided here for years, works at a great disadvantage in many respects. He does not at first know whom to- interview, or where to find the custodians of important records. How- ever, he • possesses one great advantage which more than makes up for this : he enters upon his work with an unbiased mind ; he has no friends, to reward, and no enemies to punish ; his mind is not preoccupied and prejudged by reports which may have incidentally come into his posses- sion while transacting the ordinary affairs of business ; and when in addi-- tion to this, he is a person whose business it is to collect statements and weigh facts of history, he is much better qualified for the task, and to dis- criminate between statements, seemingly of equal weight, than those- who either immediately o.r remotely are interested parties and whose regular employment lies in other fields of industry. This is true, even though the former be a total stranger and the latter have become familiar with men and things by many years of intercourse and acquaintanceship. He is best judge and best juror who is totally unacquainted with both plaintiff and defendant, and he is best qualified to arbitrate between con- flicting facts of history who. comes to the task without, that bias which is. the price one must pay for acquaintanceship and familiarity. The best, history of France was written by an Englishman, and the most authentic account of American institutions was written by a Frenchman, and it. remained for an American to write the. only authentic history of the. Dutch Republic. 84 HISTORY OF BUCHANAN COUNTY. The American people are much given to reading, but the character of the matter read is such, that, with regard to a large proportion of them, it may truthfully be said that "truth is stranger than fiction." Espe- cially is this the case in respect to those facts of local history belonging to their own immediate county and neighborhood. This is, perhaps, not so much the fault of the people as a neglect on the part of the book pub- lishers. Books, as a rule, are made to sell, and in order that a book may have a large sale its matter must be of such a general character as to be applicable to general rather than special conditions — to the nation and state rather than to county and township. Thus it is that no histories heretofore published pertain to matters relating to county and neighbor- hood affairs, for such books, in order to have a sale over a large section of country, must necessarily be very voluminous and contain much matter of no interest to the reader. After having given a synopsis of the history of the state, which is as brief as could well be, we shall then enter upon the history of the county. The physical features of the county and its geol- ogy, will first engage our attention ; then the Platte Purchase and treaty with the lowas. Sacs and Fox Indians ; then the act under which the counties of Platte and Buchanan were organized ; the location of first county seat ; then we shall gLve something of the history of the Platte country, and the incidents which led to its annexation to the state ; then speak of the first settlers, treating of them as accurately, definitely and fully as warranted by the facts at our disposal, giving the date when each one came to the county, from what state . or country, and where now located, if still living. Pioneer times will then be described, . and incidents related showing the trials and triumphs of the pioneer settler. Then county organization, courts and first records, removal of county seat, the early bench and bar, Mexican war, Oregon expedition, California emigrants, old settlers' reunions, etc. A history of St. Joseph from date of earliest settlement, its growth and prosperity, manufac- tures, newspapers, schools, churches, railroads, public buildings, enter- prises, citizens, etc. We shall give a biographical directory, the value of which will increase with years, and conclude with a chapter of facts and miscellaneous matter. The compiler of a history of a county has a task which may seem to be comparatively easy, and the facts which come within the legiti- mate scope of the work may appear commonplace when compared with national' events ; the narration of the peaceful events attending the con- quests of industry as '■ Westward the course of empire takes its way " may seem tame when compared with accounts of battles and sieges. Nevertheless, the faithful gathering, and the truthful narration of facts bearing upon the early settlement of this county, and the dangers, hard- HISTORY OF BUCHANAN COUNTY. 85 ships and privations encountered by the early pioneers, engaged in advancing the standards of civilization is a work of no small magnitude^ and the facts thus narrated are such as may challenge the admiration and arouse the sympathy of the reader, though they have nothing to do with the feats of arms. THE NAME. It has been intimated by one that there is nothing in a name, but a name sometimes means a great deal. In this case it indicates, in a measure, the character of the people who settled the county, and have given to it its distinctive characteristics. Names are sometimes given to towns and countries by accident ; sometimes they originate in the childish caprice of some one individual, whose dictate, by reason of some real or imaginary superiority, is law. However, in this instance the county and its chief city did not receive a name by accident ; neither did they originate in the vagaries of one man, but the christening took place after mature deliberation and by general consent. During the period when the "Platte Purchase" was made, and divided into counties, the man after whom the county was named, had, at that time, not only distinguished himself in the council chambers of the nation, as one of the leaders of the two great parties which were then struggling for the mastery, but had won a more extensive and enduring^ fame in a foreign field. The Russian government had, theretofore, refused all intercourse of a commercial character with the United States. The effort had been repeatedly made on the part of our government, through its foreign min- isters, but all attempts had been futile, until James Buchanan was. appointed Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary to St.. Petersburg. By his adroitness and talents, the commercial intercourse and friendly relations between the two nations were successfully and perma- nently established. His services in that behalf were so signally merito- rious that he grew in favor and popularity with his countrymen, until in 1856, he was elected President of the United States, by one of the largest popular majorities ever received by any man for that place. At the time, therefore, of Mr. Buchanan's rising fame, when his name was being mentioned with admiration by all, the small area of territory now known as Buchanan County was then christened. Whether or not the policy of naming counties after illustrious politicians and famous generals be a good one, it has, nevertheless, been followed to a greater or less extent in the various states throughout the Union, and in none more so than in Missouri, as is illustrated by the following named counties : Atchison, Barton, Bates, Benton, Clay, Clark, Clinton, Dallas, Lewis, Pike, Polk, 86 HISTORY OF BUCHANAN COUNTY. Taney, Randolph, Washington, Webster and many others, but in no case was the selection of a nanie more appropriate than that of Buchanan County. A brief sketch of the man whose name the county bears, will be in place here : He was born in Franklin County, Pennsylvania, April 13, 1791. His father was an Irishman, who had eight years before emigrated from Donegal, and was a farmer. James Buchanan completed his education at Dickinson College, Carlisle, graduating in 1809. Studied law and was admitted to the bar in 18 12, and located at Lancaster, Pennsylvania. In 1812 he joined a party of volunteers who, under command of Judge Shippen, marched to the defense of Baltimore, against the British. In 1 8 14 he was elected to the State Legislature, and was re-elected the fol- lowing year, and in 1820 became a Member of Congress. While in Con- gress he uttered grave warnings against alliances with Mexico and the South American Republics. In 1828 he supported General Jackson for President, and was at the same time re-elected to Congress. During the following year he succeeded Daniel Webster as the head of the Judiciary Committee, and in that capacity he conducted the trial and impeachment of Judge Peck, He retired from Congress in 1831, and in 1832 was appointed Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary to St. Petersburg. His mission was marked by the treaty of commerce between the United States and Russia. Returning home, he was elected to the United States Senate, and retained his seat till 1845. In the struggle between Calhoun and Jackson, he strongly defended Jackson. He advocated the independence of Texas, and also her annexation. He supported the establishment of an independent treasury. In 1845 was Secretary of State under President Polk, and during President Pierce's administration was Minister at Great Britain. He was the originator of the Ostend Conference, and one of its three members. In that confer- ence he advocated the seizure of Cuba. Was elected President of the United States in 1856, and thereafter led a retired life, until his death, which occurred in 1868. Thus much have we deemed proper to be said with regard to the person for whom the county was named. So much every boy or girl, whose home is within the bounds of the county, should know, and less than that certainly would be unsatisfactory to one, whose mind has ever been led to the investigation of the county's history. CHAPTER 11. PHYSICAL FEATURES, liOCATION— BOXTNEARY-CIVIL AND CONGRESSIONAL TOWNSH-IPS-^^SURFACE-RIVERS- LAKES-TlMBTiR— ITS IMPORTANCE TO EARLY SETTLERS— CLIMATE— RAINFALL- HEALTH-SOIL-PRAIRIE— WASTE LAND. Buchanan County Is situated near the northwestern portion of the ■state. Its latitude is 39° 47' north, and longitude 94° 55' west. It is Tiear the same parallel of Philadelphia, Columbus, Indianapolis, Spring- iield, Denver and San Francisco. It is about the same meridian as Lake Itasca and Galveston. It is bounded on the north by Andrew County, east by DeKalb and Clinton, south by Platte, and west by the Missouri River, and contains 272,329 acres, or about four hundred- square miles. Missouri is divided into one hundred and fourteen counties, Buchanan being the smallest in area, excepting Clark, Clay, Clinton, Cole, DeKalb, Dunklin, Grundy, Hickory, Mississippi, Moniteau, New Madrid, Platte, Schuyler, Scott, Warren and Worth. Texas is the largest county, containing 700,000 acres, and Dunklin is the smallest, having an area of 1 10,799 acres. Buchanan County is at an altitude of about one thousand feet above the level of the sea, and Is about four hundred feet above Chicago and nearly six hundred feet above St. Louis. The highest point in the county is Reservoir Hill 310 feet, two apd a half miles north of St. Joseph. The county is divided Into twelve civil townships, three full con- gressional townships, and nine fractional congressional townships. The •civil townships are as follows: Platte, Jackson, Crawford, Bloomington, Rush, Wayne, Center, Agency, Tremont, Marion, Washington and Lake, Lake being the smallest. ■SURFACE. The land in the county, away from the streams, is generally an ■undulating prairie, and has altogether a diversity of country seldom found in so small a space. At a varying distance from the larger streams rise irregular lines of bluffs, 'or hills, sometimes wooded, and sometimes, previous to improvement, covered with a luxuriant growth of prairie grass, having between them water bottom lands of surprising beauty and unsurpassed fertility, ' These hills are generally a gentle »» HISTORY OF BUCHANAN COUNTY. slope, easily ascended and descended by wagons, and sinking into mere benches, moderately lifted above the surface of the valley ; again, some- times they rise to a height of over two hundred feet above the bed of the Missouri River. From side to side, between these hills, the streams meander with banks varied by hill, meadow, and forest. Rising to the higher points the eye often commands views of exquisite loveliness, embracing the silvery course of river or creek, the waving foliage of trees, the changing outlines of hills and the undulating surface of flower- decked prairie, with cultivated farms, with farm houses from the log hut of the first settler to the brick or painted houses and barns of the more advanced cultivator of the soil, and the palatial mansions of the wealthy capitalists. The county has less land unfitted for cultivation by reason of sloughs and marshes than any of the neighboring counties. There is probably not a section of country of like extent in the state which pos- sesses a better distributed drainage system than Buchanan Count}^ There is proportionately such a small area of waste and swamp lands,, and the facilities for drainage are so admirable, that waste lands arising from this cause are too insignificant to be worthy of particular mention. The country presented to the first settler an easy task in subduing the wild land. Its natural prairies were fields almost ready for the planting of the crop, and its rich black soil seemed to be awaiting the opportunity of paying rewards as a tribute to the labor of the hus- bandman. The farms of Buchanan County are generally large, level, unbroken by impassable sloughs, without stumps or other obstructions, and furnish the best of conditions favorable to the use of reaping machines, mowers, corn planters, and other kinds of labor-saving machinery. The Missouri River bottoms are bounded by an irregular line of bluffs, varying in altitude from one to three hundred feet in height. North of St. Joseph they reach an elevation of one hundred and forty- five feet, and southward some of these attain an elevation of from two to- three hundred feet above the level of the river. RIVERS. Buchanan County is so well supplied with living streams of water,, and they are so well distributed over the county, that the people of the county could not possibly make an improvement upon the arrangement if they were allowed the privilege and endowed with the power to make a readjustment of the system of rivers and creeks. Some of these streams, have fine mill-sites, and by reason of the water power thus made so accessible, the early settler was spared many of the hardships and incon- veniences experienced by the pioneers of other sections. HISTORY OF BUCHANAN COUNTY. 89 The Missouri River is the largest stream, and forms the western boundary of the county, Wide, level bottoms border the Missouri, a great portion of which are still covered with native forests. The Blacksnake, Contrary, Lost, and other small streams flow west, into the Missouri. The Platte River runs from north to south, nearly through the central portion of the county, and receives the One Hun- dred and Two River, Bee Creek, and other small streams on the west, and the Third Fork of Platte, Castile and Maiden Creeks on the east. These streams are clear, and of course never-failing. Springs are abun- dant and good, and pure water can be obtained in any part of the county. LAKES. Besides the many rivers, creeks and springs which supply the best ■of living water for both man and beast, convenient to almost every •quarter-section of land in the county, there are a number of beautiful lakes in the townships bordering on the Missouri River. The principal of these is Contrary Lake, five miles southwest of St. Joseph. It is semi- circular in shape, six miles in length, half a mile in width, and abounding in perch, black bass and other kinds of excellent fish. It is a great place of resort for the anglers and sportsmen of St. Joseph and surrounding country. Upon the shore of this lake have been erected two or three hotels for the accommodation of those who frequent it during the sport- ing seasons of the year. These hotels are pleasantly located, and are supplied with all the comforts and conveniences usually found at such places. Sugar Lake contains also an abundance of fish. Horseshoe, Muskrat, Lost, Singleton, Prairie and Marks' Lakes are all in the county near the Missouri. These lakes are prized not only on account of the fish with which they teem, but also because of the geese and ducks which gather there by tens of thousands during the fall. The fish from these lakes supply the St. Joseph market. TIMBER. "Majestic woods of ev'ry vigorous green, Stage above stage high waving o'er the hilli, Or to the far horizon wide diffused, A boundless deep immensity of shade." The circumstance which more than any other favored the early and rapid settlement of Buchanan County was the abundance of timber. The presence of timber aided materially in bringing about an early set- tlement and it aided in two ways : first, the county had to depend on immigration from the older settled states of the Union for its popula- tion, Ohio, Indiana, Kentucky, Virginia and Tennessee. These states go HISTORY OF BUCHANAN COUNTY.. were originally almost entirely covered with dense forests, and farms were made by clearing off certain portions of the tinnber. Almost every farm there, after it became thoroughly improved, still retained a certain tract of timber, commonly known as " the woods." The woods is gen- erally regarded as the most important part of the farm, and the average farmer regarded it as indis{)ensable when he imimigrated West. The great objection to the country was the scarcity of timber as compared to the Eastern States, and he did not suppose that it would be possible to open up a farm on the bleak prairie. To live in a region devoid of the familiar sight of timber seemed unendurable, and the aver- age Ohio, Indiana and Kentucky emigrant could not endure the idea of founding a home far away from the familiar sight of forest trees. Then again the idea entertained by the early emigrants that timber was a necessity, was not simply theoretical and ethical. The early settler had to have a house to live in, fuel for cooking and heating purposes, and fences to enclose his claim. At that time there were no railroads whereby lumber could be transported from the pineries ; no coal mines had yet been opened or discovered. Timber was an absolutie necessity,, without which personal existence as well as material improvement was an impossibility. No wonder that a gentleman from the East, who in early times came to the prairie region of Missouri on a prospecting tour with a view of permanent location, returned home in disgi^t and embodied his views of the country in the following rhyme : " Ob, lonesome, windy, grassy place. Where bufialo and snakes prevail ; The first with dreadful looking face, The last with dreadful sounding tail ! I'd rather live on camel hump, And be a Yankee Doodle beggar, Than where I never see a stump. And shake to death with fever 'n 'ager." As before remarked, there are two reasons why the first settlers- refused to locate at a distance from the timber, and why the timbered regions bordering upon the rivers became densely populated while the more fertile and more easily cultivated prairies remained for many years unclaimed. The pioneers were in the main the descendants of those hardy backwoodsmen who conquered the dense forests of the South and East. When farms were opened up in those countries a large belt of timber was invariably reserved from which the farmer could draw his supply of logs for lumber and fence rails, and fuel for heating and cook- ing purposes. Even at the present day a farm without its patch of timber is exceedingly rare in those countries. Having from their youth up been accustomed to timber, the emigranj: from these timbered regions . of the East would have ever felt lonesome and solitary deprived of the HISTORY OF BUCHANAN COUNTY. 9I familiar sight of the tall forest trees and shut off from the familiar sound of the wind passing through the branches of the venerable oaks. Then again, timber was an actual necessity to the early settler. In this day of railroads, herd laws, cheap lumber and cheap fuel, it is easy enough to open a farm and build up a comfortable home away out on the prairie, far from the sight of timber. But not so under the circumstances sur- rounding the first settlers. There was no way of shipping lumber from the markets of the East, coal mines were unknown, and before a parcel of land could be cultivated it was necessary to fence it. In order to settle the prairie countries it was necessary to have railroads, and in order to have railroads it was necessary that at least a portion of the country should be settled. Hence the most important resource in the development of this western country was the belts of timber which skirted the streams ; and the settlers who first hewed %)ut homes in the timber, while at present not the most enterprising and progressive, were nevertheless an essential factor in the solution of the problem. Much of this primeval forest has been removed ; part of it was eco- nomically manufactured into lumber, which entered into the construction of the early dwelling houses, many of which still remain ; much of it was ruthlessly and reckless-ly destroyed. From the fact that attention was early given to the culture of artificial groves,- Buchanan County now has probably about as much timber as formerly, and the state much more. Among the most abundant of all trees originally found was the black walnut, so highly prized in all countries for manufacturing purposes. Timber of this kind was very plentiful and of good quality originally, but the high prices paid for this kind of timber presented itself as a tempta- tion to destroy it, which the people, frequently in straightened circum- stances, could not resist. Red, white and black oak are still very plentiful, although they have for many years been extensively used as fuel. Crab apple, elm, maple, ash, Cottonwood and wild cherry are also found. Some of the best timber in the state is to be found in this county. A line of timber follows the course of all the streams. Detached groves, both natural and artificial, are found at many places throughout the county, which are not only ornamental, in that they vary the monot- ony of the prairie, but likewise very useful; in that they have a very important bearing on the climate. It is a fact fully demonstrated by the best of authority that climate varies with the surface of a country. CLIMATE. The climate is what is generally termed a healthful one, subject, how- ever, to the sudden change ^om heat to cold. The winters, however, are as a general thing uniform, although there seems to have been some 92 HISTORY OF BUCHANAN COUNTY. modifications in the climate du|ing the past few years, resulting, doubt- less, from the changes which have taken place in the physiognomy of the country. The average yearly rainfall and melted snow, for twenty-five years,, has been 36.62 inches. The average rainfall and melted snow, for each month respectively, for this period, has been as follows: January, 1.68 inches; February, 1.67; March, 2.10; April, 3.49; May, 4,39 ; June, 4.75 ; July, 4.69; August, 4.66; September, 3.30; October, 2.33; November, 1.69; December, 1.89 inches. The rain and melted snow for winter, 5.25 inches; spring, 9.25 ; summer, 14.10; autumn, 7.32 inches. The following article, from the pen of William I. Heddens, M. D., Professor of the Theory and Practice of Medicine in the College of Phy- sicians and Surgeons, in St. Joseph, Missouri, was published in a recent issue of the St. Jd^eph Gazette, and is applicable to the whole of North- west Missouri : "Almost the whole of the Platte Purchase is healthy and singularly free from consumption, asthma, bronchitis, laryngitis, and the diseases most dreaded by the inhabitants of the Eastern states. It is seldom that typhoid or other fever prevails, and it is unusual that epidemics of any kind' exist. The climate is dry and pure. The few localities that are by nature unhealthy, can almost all of them be made healthy by a little foresight. The malarial fevers, so common in the Western and Southern states, are almost certain to be confined to the river bottoms, and are of a much milder character than those originating further south and west. There is scarcely any rheumatism in this climate, and what few cases there are, are mild in comparison with low and moist localities. In fact, as to climate, and to all climatic, teluric and other influences ; in regard to pure and cold water, free from mineral and other poisons ; drainage, wholesome vegetable and animal products, cereals and fruits, no country can boast of superiority in all that pertains to a man's health, strength and longevity, over the famous ' Platte Purchase.' "As 'wild' grasses are subdued, and 'tame' ones take their places — as the prairies are changed into wheat fields and corn fields, and swamps are drained, shade trees planted in some places and forests thinned in others — when roads are opened and dwellings modernized as is rapidly being done, it will then be the healthiest improved country, as it is now the healthiest by nature, of all the Western States. A climate that is never too cold in winter nor too hot in summer for health ; where neither drought nor wet seasons exist, but enough variety of temperature of seasons, combined with its altitude and latitude and healthy atmos- phere to produce the highest and best types of the lower animals, as well as man, my prediction is that the human beings who will in the near future dwell here, will be both physically atfd mentally superior to those born and reared in either a colder or warmer climate. They will be. HISTORY OF BUCHANAN COUNTY. 93 freer from all zymotic and other diseases which render feeble both mind and body in other climates. The child born here should grow to healthy, vigorous maturity, with great nerve force, energy and perse- verance, without any sickness except of an accidental nature, and ought to be ashamed to die before the age of 75 years." SOIL. There is a variety of soil, as well as surface in the county. Portions along the Missouri River, in particular, are somewhat broken and uneven, but the soil is productive and peculiarly well adapted for the growth of grasses. Along the river bottoms the soil is very deep and rich, owing to the heavy accretions, and there corn especially is raised with success. As a rule, the soil of the county is better adapted to the growth of grass and the cultivation of corn than to the production of the other cereals. PRAIRIES. " Lo ! they stretch In airy undulations, far away. As if an ocean in its gentlest swell Stood still, with all its rounded billows fixed And motionless forever. Motionless ? No, they ape all unchained again. The clouds Sweep over with their shadows, and beneath, The surface rolls and fluctuates to the eye ; Dark hollows seem to glide along and chase The sunny ridges. Breezes of the South ! Who toss the golden and the flame-like flowers, _ And pass the prairie hawk, that, poised on high, Flaps his broad wings, yet moves not — ye have played Among the palms of Mexico and vines Of Texas, and have crisped the limpid brooks That from the fountains of Sonora glide Into the calm Pacific — have ye fanned A nobler or a luvelier scene than this ? Man hath no part in all this glorious work ; The hand that built the firmament hath heaved And smoothed these verdant swells, and sown their hopes With herbage, planted them with island groves, And hedged them round with forests. Fitting floor For this magnificent temple of the sky — With flowers whose glory and whose multitude Rival the constellations ! The great heavens Seem to stoop down upon the scene in love — A nearer vault, and a tenderer hue Than that which bends above the eastern hills " About one-half of the county is prairie and mostly of a very excel- lent quality. Prairies, however, are not found in this county of so great extent as in most counties of the State and there are none 94 HISTORY OF BUCHANAN COUNTV. in which the soil is of an inferior character. On nearly all of the divides between the rivers and running streams, are found large tracts of beautiful, rolling prairie lands, well drained, easily cultivated, highly productive and conveniently located to water, timber, mills and markets. The character of the soil in these prairies is such that good crops are raised even during the very wet and very dry sea- sons. The soil is light and porous, so that ten hours of bright sunshine will dry the roads after a heavy rain and fit the plowed fields to be cul- tivated. The same peculiarity of soil which enable crops to withstand much moisture and thrive during a very wet season, also enables them to endure prolonged drouths — the soil, being very porous, is capable of absorbing a large amount of water during the rainy season, and when the drouth sets in, the forces of nature bring back to the surface the sur- plus moisture from the subterraneous storehouses with as much ease as the Water in the first place was absorbed. This is not the case with that quality of soil commonly known as hard-pan ; the subsoil not being porous, only a small quantity of water is absorbed, after which it gathers on the surface in pools, and is then carried away by the process of evapo- ration ; drouth sets in, and as soon" as the moisture is exhausted from the surface soil, plants wither and die. There is comparatively but little waste land from marshes in the county, and many years will not pass till these sloughs, by a proper sys- tem of drainage, will be converted into corn fields. IIUCHANAX COUNTV COURT HOUSE, ST. .RI. CHAPTER III. GEOLOGY OF BUCHANAN COUNTY. Having spoken of the area, surface, soil, prairie and timber of Buchanan County, we shall now proceed to speak of the different geo- logical formations of rocks, coal, mineral, etc. In order to present the geology of the county in an intelligent manner we shall here give the greater portion of Professor G. C. Broadhead's report, submitted in 1872,. beginning with .SCIENTIFIC GEOLOGY. Superficial Deposits — The alluvium is best developed on the Mis- souri bottoms. Bottom Prairie — The washings on flat grounds at St. Joseph expose about twenty feet of dark clay. Similar clays are seen on Platte River. The "bluff" or "loess" is Wtfll exposed on the Missouri bluffs near St.. Joseph, where it rises in steep and often gently sloping peaks, cov- ered mostly with grass. It is generally a fine, comminuted brown ash- clay, and where a few feet from the surface, exposed by washings, is- always perpendicularly jointed. In King Hill, below St. Joseph, it has at the lower part eight feet of finely comminuted brown sand resting on two feet of white calcareous concretions. • The fossils found were Heli- cina occulta, Succinia and Helix. The drift occurs immediately beneath the bluff, but I observed no good exposure of it in the county. Boulders of granite and quartzite were occasionally found. 1 • UPPER CARBONIFEROUS. The rocks in this county belong to the Upper Coal Series, and include a total thickness of about 470 feet, from a bluff limestone, equiv- alent to No. 160, Gen. Sec, to No. 108 or Plattsburgh limestone, inclus- ive, of which there are 125 feet of limestone, eleven feet bituminous shales, the remainder consisting of sandstone, sandy and argillaceous shales. The prevailing dip of rocks is a very little north of west. On the headwaters of Sugar and Contrary Creeks Mr. Ulffers observed the following section, which include some of the highest rocks. se-en in this county : HISTORY OF BUCHANAN COUNTY.. 97 No. I — 15 feet light bufTlimestone shales.. No. 2 — 17 feet argillaceous'', shales. No. 3 — 16 feet cherty limestone. No. 4 — 2 feet argillaceous shales. No. 5 — I J feet bituminous shales. No. 6 — I foot hard blue limestone. No. 7 — 14 feet argillaceous shales. No. 8 — 4 feet light buff, compact linnestone. No. 9 — 7 feet argillaceous shales. No. ID — 2 feet buff, shaly limestone. No. II — 36 feet red and blue argillaceous shales. No. 12 — 6 inches shaly bituminous coal. No. 13 — 18 feet argillaceous and sandy shales. No. 14 — 5 fsct sandstone and sandy shales. No. 160 was observed in bluffs back front the river, in the southwest: corner of the county. It occurs as a buff limestone, with 35 feet slope below, to No. 150. In the same vicinity No. 152 occurs as a dark gray lime- stone, containing a thin stratum of fine-grained, very dark green, fibrous Argillaceous Carbonate of lime, with probably some carbonate of iron,, the fibres nearly perpendicular to the horizontal surface, and interlock- ing, forming what is called " Tutcu Mergel," or "cone in cone." No. 150 occurs near the hilltops on the Missouri Bluffs, in. the northern part of the county, that occupies that horizon on the Missouri Bluffs as far as the south county line ; its greatest observed thickness was 23 feet at Rushville. It is a buff brown near the top, with P'roductus, Roger si,. Chonetes, Smithii, Syringapora, Fusulina cylindrica, Atliyris, subtilita; below it is very irregularly bedded and contains chert, especially in the upper portion. The beds of limestone are not often over 6 inches to i foot in thickness, and are separated by buff clay> Beatty's quarry, near St. Joseph,- exhibits most of the beds of No. 150. No. I — 23 inches limestone. No. 2 — 28 inches limestone. No. 3 — 18 inches concretionary limestone and buff shales. No. 4 — 5 inches concretionary limestone. No. 5 — I foot nodular limestone, chert and brown shales. No. 6 — 2 inches limestone. No. 7 — 3 inches limestone. No. 8 — 6 inches limestone. No. 9 — 6 inches brown shales and limestone nodules. No. 19 — 2 feet limestone; contains some dark chert concretions in; upper part. No. II — 4 inches shales and limestone nodules.. No. 12 — 5 inches shales. No. 13 — 2 feet limestone. •98 HISTORY OF BUCHANAN COUNTY. Total thickness of beds exposed here was about 14^ feet. The rock as used for making lime, and curbing and macadamizing, in St. Joseph. Bituminous shale is found in apifabout 10 feet below the limestone. The lower beds of limestone abound in fossils, mainly Orthis corbonaria; also contains Rotsia pimctulifiera, Rynchonella Osogensis, Athyris sub- Mlita, Productus splendens, Sc/nzodus. The upper beds abound in Fusu- ■lina cylindrica and Athyris subtilita; also contain Hemipronetes crassus, ^Orthis carbonaria, Spirifer {Martinid) planoconvexus, and Crinoid stems. Section on King Hill, below St. Joseph,' is as follows : No. I — 72 feet bluff formation, finely comminuted marly clays.. No. 2 — 8 feet sand. No. 3 — 2 feet white, calcareous, concretionary bed — bluff. No. 4 — 7 fs^t irregularly -bedded limestone; abound in Fusilnia^ -cylindrica, also contains Athyris, Rotzia, Orthis carbonaria; cherty, No. 150. No. 5 — 19 feet slope. No. 6 — S feet shales. No. 7 — 7 feet deep brown limestone (No. 143), upper two feet shaly, light drab ; below is ferruginous, and contains but (&\\ fossils. No. 8 — 35 feet slope ; tumbled sandstone, at lower part containing plants — Lepidastrobus, etc. No. 9^8 feet shales, bottom 2 feet green, with i^ feet red just above. No. 10 — ^7 feet ferruginous limestone, upper 2 feet shelly, with iron- oxide crust (No. 137.) No. II — 48 feet slope, mostly shales; in lower shales are some iron- stone concretions. No. 12 — Outcrop of shaly limestone, abounding in fossils. No. 13 — 5 feet shaly slope. No. 14 — 10 feet red and green clay shales ; at bottom we find 4 feet of ochrey green clay, with occasional thin bands of yellow ochre concre- tions and streaks of ochre. No. 15 — 4 feet limestone. No. 16 — 30 feet shales. A buff limestone, equivalent to No. 145, was observed on King Hill. No. 137 is seen on Platte River bluffs, two miles south of the Han- nibal & St. Joseph railroad, cropping out ten feet in thickness. On the Missouri bluffs there are shales 60 to 75 feet in thickness, with some- times a thin seanj of coal. Near the upper end of Sugar Creek Lake we have : No. I — Lop slope. No. 2 — 18 feet of limestone, fracture buff and drab, weathering, brown ; contains occasional lenticular beds of concretionary deep-blue ■chert; has brown shaly partings and contains Athyris subtilita Sp. Jineatus, Sp. camcratus, Rotzia, etc. HISTORY OF BUCHANAN COUNTY. 99 TSfo. 3 — JJ feet shaly slope ; shales near the lower part. No 4 — Outcrop of coal. No. 5 — 40 feet slope to railroad. Three miles above Rushville we have No. I — Limestone. No. 150. No. 2 — 95 feet slope. No. 3 — 4 feet even-bedded, shelly, dark ash colored limestone (128), at about 15 feet above the grade of railroad and forming a fine waterfall. Approaching St. Joseph from the south we find the last named lime- stone quarried near the hill, and also northwest on King Hill, and in the next succeeding hill it is seen 30 feet above the bottoms, with 30 feet of shales lying below it. Section 31, 2 J miles below St. Joseph, is as follows. No. I — 72 feet bluff clay ; contains some round calcareous concre- tions. No. 2 — 6 feet sandy shale. No. 3 — 5 feet limestone, upper part shelly, ferruginous, lower, 3 feet thick, even bed ; can be quarried in 2-feet layers. No. 4 — S3 feet slope. No. 5 — 5 feet shales. No. 6 — 5 feet shales, good red ochre at bottom. No. 7 — 4 feet even bed of limestone. One section, one-half mile below junction of Hannibal and St. Joseph Railroad, is as follows : No. I— Bluff. No. 2 — 4 feet green shales ; paint bed. No. 3 — 4 feet green and yellow ochery shales. No. 4 — 33 inches limestone, upper part gray ; the middle abounds in Fusulina .; lower part deep brown ; middle is fine grained. No. 5 — 17 feet sandy, ochrey shales. No. 6 — 15 feet slope to railroad. One-quarter mile below the last we find : No. I — Outcrop of shady limestone, with Allorisvia, Heiniprmiites. No. 2 — 15 feet slope. No. 3 — Red and green shales. No. 4 — 4 feet limestone, 128 ; very good bijilding rock. No. 5 — 30 feet shales, to level of railroad grade. Ascending King Hill, at 63 feet above No. 128, is found 7 feet of thick-bedded gray and brownish limestone, with but few fossils. Its upper part is shelly and brownish ochery, but affords a good, strong and durable building rock. It has been extensively used in buildings at St. Joseph. We found overlying it, tumbled masses of buff and brown soft sandstone, and hard green sandstone, containing remains of plant-leaves lOO HISTORY OF BUCHANAN COUNTY. and the stem of a tree, probably a Lepidostrobus. Intermingled with' this overlying mass was some deep red clay, apparently very suitable for paint ; sixteen feet still higher is found seven feet of ferruginous limestone, and 24 feet above the last are seen outcrops of No. 150. All these layers have been extensively quarried for various purposes of building in St. Joseph. The last named is quarried in the hills north of St. Joseph for lime and for paving. One and a-half miles along the bluff above St. Joseph our section is this: No. I — Slope. No. 2 — 10 feet gray limestone, slightly ferruginous, in one solid bed ;; breaks in small angular fragments. (No. 137.) No. 3 — 92 feet slope to railroad, 35 degrees for half way, then 30' degrees ; the lower 40 feet seems to be principally sand shales. No 2 corresponds to No. 143 ; in its manner of weathering resembles- No. 78. Three miles above St. Joseph it is 90 feet. (No. 128.) At bridge on Platte River, rocks^ were observed which I refer to those from 126 to 121, of which the following is a correct section : Section 4. No. 2 — 6 inches even-bedded, dark-gray limestone. No. 3 — 6 feet brownish-buff, sandy limestone,, so-me of it silicious^ and with sandy, shaly partings, thin bedded. No. 4 — 2^ feet green shales. No. 5 — 10 inches limestone, mottled drab and brown. No. 6 — I foot grayish drab and brown, irregularly bedded, coarser than No. S ; irregularly wavy-cracked. No. 7 — 2 feet gray limestone. No. 8 — 3 feet ashy-blue ferruginous limestone ; weathers brown. No. 9 — 3 feet ashy-blue limestone ; weathers buff; contains Spv Cameratus. From 126 to 113, the rocks are generally covered with debris, and include about 100 feet. In southeast of township 55, range 34, No. 112 was observed, 12 feet in thickness, consisting of thick beds of coarse,, colored, semi-crystalline limestone. The lowest rock was observed on Platte River, in the eastern part of the county ; it is a blue limestone,, equivalent to the Plattsburgh series ; 12 feet of it was observed.. >nNERALS. Coal. — Opposite Sugar Creek Lake, coal crops out about 30 feet above the level of the railroad. Limestone, No. 150, is in bluff 77 feet above. The same bed of coal is seen a mile below Hall's Statian, on Mr. Hinman's land. Section here is Section 19: No I — 104 feet slope from hill-top. HISTORY OF BUCHANAN COUNTY. lOI No. 2—5 feet drift. No. 3 — 3 feet blue, sandy shales. No. 3^ — 3 feet coarse, shaly, ferruginous sandstone. No. 4 — I inch shaly coal. No. 5 — 8 inches deep-blue, shaly clay, with thin laminae of coal ; contains ferns. No. 6 — 6 inches coal No. 7 — Fire clay. No. 8—67 feet to foot of hill. Opposite Hall's Station the coal has been opened at several places; •one on railroad land, worked by Jacob Gross, appears thus : 3 feet rough-bedded, yellow sandstone; 8 inches sandy clay; i| inches shale and thin laminae of coal; 2^ inches of coal; ij inches blue clay; 6 inches good coal ; i^ inches blue clay; 3 inches good coal ; fire- clay. An analysis of specimens of this coal from Niagara, Andrew County, •gives — Water 8.94 Volatile 34.75 F. carbon , ... .45.38 Ash iO'93 Color of ash light red brown. Section No. 30. No. I — 93 feet, 40 to 45 degrees slope. No. 2 — limestone outcrop. No. 3 — 52 feet to bottom of coal ; some red ochre clay appears on slope 8 feet above coal. On South Fork of Sugar Creek, near the south county line. Section 24:— No. I — 3 feet olive shales, with streaks of coal. No. 2 — 7 inches bituminous coal. No. 3 — 26 feet shales ; concretionary bed in lower part, with remains of striated plants. No. 4 — 15 to 20 feet slope. No. 5 — outcrop of ferruginous limestone ; fracture dark bluish, ash shelly and rough breakings. In the northeast of the southwest of Section i, T. 55, R. 26, six inches of shaly coal and shales. Four inches of bituminous coal was observed in Section 23, T. 45, R. 36, and in Section 32, coal is also said to have been found on the headwaters of Bee Creek, a few miles southwest of Sparta. These beds are thin and poor and not worth working. The annexed is the section of boring at St. Joseph. No. I — 21 feet soil, boulders and sandy clay. I02 HISTORY OF BUCHANAN COUN TV- No. 2 — 74 feet blue clay. No. 3 — 21 feet sandstone. No. 4 — 4 feet limestone. No. 5 — 2 feet soapstone. No. 6 — 2 feet slate. No. 7 — I 5-6 feet coal. No. 8 — 6 feet black slate. No. 9 — 7 feet limestone. No. lo — 5 feet slate. No. II — 6 feet limestone. No. 12 — 2 feet slate. No. 13 — 4^ feet limestone. No. 14 — 5^ feet slate. No. 15 — I foot limestone. No. 16 — 6 feet slate. No. 17 — 8 feet slate. No. 1 8 — 4^ feet limestone. No. 19 — 3 feet soapstone. No. 20 — 2j feet gray sandstone, No. 21 — 2^ feet soapstone. No. 22 — 4 5-6 feet gray limestone. No. 23 — 24 feet slate. No. 24 — 2 feet limestone. No. 25 — 10 feet limestone. No. 26 — 5j feet slate. No. 27 — ij feet coal. No. 28—8 feet slate. No. 29 — 4 feet limestone. No. 30 — 20 feet shale. No. 31 — 6 feet limestone. No. 32 — 20 feet slate. No. 33 — 25 feet limestone. No. 34 — 15 feet limestone. No. 35 — 10 inches coal. No. 36 — 3 4-5 feet soapstone. No. 41 — 2^ feet coal. No. 42 — 9 feet limestone. No. 43 — 4 feet limestone. No. 44 — 3 feet limestone. No. 45 — 2^ feet slate. No. 46 — 2^ feet limestone. No. 47 — 15 feet blue clay. Total depth, 402.3 feet. HISTORY OF BUCHANAN COUNTY. IO3; From careful comparisons I find, from reports made- by St. Joseph; Bridge Company, that the bottom of the "bore" still lacks about 44O' feet of reaching the "Lexington coal," which would be the first coal of any considerable thickness that would be reached. Other valuable coal' beds would lie still lower. These remarks concerning coal beds can be applied, with but slight variation, to localities in the adjoining counties, of Platte, Clinton, DeKalb, and southern parts of Gentry County. In each of these counties thin surface outcrops are seen, but they are not valuable. ******** The annual rainfall in the basin, drained by the river at St. Joseph,, averages 19^ inches, while that of the basin below is 36 inches, thus showing that three-fourths of the water flowing out of the Missouri River, at its mouth, passes St. Joseph ; at an ordinary spring flood, 170," 000 cubic feet pass in a second, with a mean velocity of 26-10 miles- per hour. The fall in the low water channel, for seven miles below the city, is 82-100 of a foot per mile. At low water the channel opposite the city is from 400 to 500 yards wide, and 15 to 30 feet deep. The differ- ence of high and low water is 23 feet. At the greatest, the narrowest channel opposite the city will be- 1,420 feet wide. Rock is found-at an average of 43 feet below low water, and at no point deeper than 48 feet. The bed of the river is fine sand on top, with layers of stiff, hard' clay, and coarse sand near the bed-rock ; resting on the bed-rock was found a 2 to 5 feet bed, consisting of medium sized and thoroughly- water-worn boulders mixed with coarse sand ; the boulders composed of red and gray granite, quartz, gneiss, trap, conglomei^te,. agate,, withi some fine quartz specimens containing gold. The excavations were made to a depth of about 40 feet below the- bed of the river, including the upper 30 feet of coarse and fine sand, then 5 feet stiff, blue clay, and lastly a deposit of gravel and boulders, through which flows a stream of clear, pure water, entirely different from, that of the river. 'While ice at the surface was two feet thick, and the mercury below zero, the water from this spring had a uniform. temperatu.re- of 54 degrees. The bed-rock is said to be a smooth, hard, whitish-gray limestone.. 1 have no doubt of its being equivalent to limestone No. 121 of General; section. CHAPTER IV. PLATTE PURCHASE. THE PLATTE COUNTRY -CORRESPONDENCE IN REFERENCE THERETO-MEETING AT LIB- ERTY, MISSOURI— ITS OBJECT— MEMORIAL-EFFORTS OF BENTON AND LINN- TREATY WITH THE lOWAS, SACS AND FOX INDIANS. Buchanan County being a portion of the territory originally included in the "Platte Purchase," a history, showing how, when, and through whom the same was accomplished, will doubtless be of great interest to the citizens of the county. In January, 1835, the Hon. L. F. Linn, then a United States Senator from the State of Missouri, addressed H. Ellsworth, Esq., the following letter : Washington, January 23, 1835. Sir : It has long been desired by the people of Missouri to have annexed to the state that portion of territory lying between her western boundary and the great river, Missouri, for the purpose of preventing the location of an annoying Indian population, and for the purpose of having points on the river to receive their supplies and ship their pro- ductions, within a moderate distance from the homes of those inhabit- ants residing along that line of the frontier. The location of the Pottawatamies, by the treaty of Chicago, on this territory, interposes a barrier to the attainment of these objects, so important to the welfare and tranquility of the inhabitants of the north- ern and western counties. Will you be so good as to furnish me your opinion as to the propriety of ratifying that treaty, and the danger of collision between the two races, from placing the Indians between the white population and the river Missouri. Very respectfully, H. Ellsworth, Esq. L. F. LINN. The following is the answer of Mr. Ellsworth : Washington, January 27, 1835. Sir : Yours of the 23d imstant, requesting my opinion as to the propriety of ratifying the Chicago treaty, and the danger of collision that will probably arise from placing the Indians between the white population and the river Missouri, at the northwest section of the state, was received this morning. In reply, I hasten to observe that the small strip of land lying between the Missouri River and the State of Missouri, is, compared with the country lying north of the state line, an unfavor- able location for the Indian tribes. HISTORY OF BUCHANAN COUNTY. lOS In the fall of 1833 I held a council with the loways and the little band of Sacs and Foxes living on this strip, who complained of the great difficulty attending their present situation, on account of the contiguity and encroachments of white men in the state, and all the chiefs desired me to make a treaty for their removal to land lying north of the state line. Not being authorized to make this treaty, I did not attempt it, but have recommended the subject to the favorable consideration of the government. r have understood that the Pottawatamies are willing to receive other land, in equal amount, for that lying south of the north line of Mis- souri extended. If this can be done I have no doubt it would be advan- tageous to all the parties concerned. The government would realize the value of land, but more especially the Pottawatamies would have an excellent location, one far less likely to be interrupted by the encroach- ment of white neighbors. The State of Missouri might hereafter be accommodated with a good natural boundary, several excellent water privileges, and additional landings on the navigable waters of Missouri for one hundred and forty miles. The ratification of the Chicago treaty will prevent the future disposal of this narrow strip to Missouri. Hence I conceive it highly important that the Pottawatamies should make an exchange of part of the lands embraced within the original treaty. It may be proper to state that, from the concurrent testimony of all per- sons residing on the Missouri, as well as from a personal view from the opposite side of the river, the location of the Pottawatamies north of the land in question, will give them a rich and fertile tract, equal to that of any tribe already migrated. It ought to be noticed that the general expectation that the Chicago treaty would be modified, has emboldened many squatters to enter upon the lands in question, in hopes of fixing their future residence. I have, therefore, no hesitation in giving an opinion as to the expediency of altering the Chicago treaty, so as to confine the Pottawatamies north of the little strip now wanted by the State of Missouri. Having given this opinion, permit me to say that I believe it prac- ticable, with little expense or delay, to remove the Indians now on this strip of land, and to extinguish any remaining right in the red men for hunting or other privileges, and this removal and extinguishment I would respectfully recommend before the state jurisdiction is extended to the waters of the Missouri. Yours most respectfully, HENRY ELLSWORTH. Hon. L. F. Linn, Senator. At the same time the Hon. L. F. Linn wrote to Maj. John Dough- erty, Indian Agent, for information concerning the geography and topo- graphy of the country embraced in the "Platte Purchase," and in three days thereafter, received the following answer : Washington, January 26, 1835. Sir : Your communication of the 23d instant, containing certain queries touching the slip of land lying between the western boundary line of the State of Missouri and the Missouri River has been received. I06 HISTORY OF BUCHANAN COUNTY. I assure you it will afford me great pleasure to furnish the answers called for, and in the order in which you have proposed the questions. 1st. The length of the strip of land referred to is, on its east line, one hundred miles long ; the west line, following the meanders of the Missouri River, is about one hundred and fifty miles in length, to a point on said river due west from the northwest corner of the state, the aver- age breadth being about fifteen miles. 2d. I feel no hesitation in stating (and this without the fear of contradiction) that the location of Indians upon this territory would be attended with the most ruinous effects ; it would alike be injurious to the Indians and whites ; take, for example, the loways, who now reside upon the upper end of this strip — they are a poor, drunken, miserable set of beings, dwindling away to nothing, quarreling among themselves, killing each other, and in constant broils with their white neighbors. Those evils would be greatly increased were the Indians located all the way down this strip of land, between the white settlements and the Missouri River to the mouth of the Kansas River, where it becomes nar- row, and the white population more dense. 3d. The inconvenience to our citizens would be incalculable, if those along the western line of the state were compelled to transport their productions to the mouth of the Kansas River for shipment ; some of them residing within eight or ten miles of steamboats passing every day, would be obliged to haul everything for market over a new country one hundred miles. 4th. There is a great deficiency of water power and springs in the northern counties of the State of Missouri, whilst the strip of land you have reference to abounds with numerous flush running springs and creeks, with great falls, well calculated for mills or other water works. 5th. The country north of the State of Missouri, reaching from the Mississippi to the Missouri River, and extending north between four and five hundred miles, is well timbered, interspered with fine rich prairies, and abounds with numerous large, bold running streams, coming in from the high lands between these two great rivers ; in short, the whole country is well adapted to agricultural purposes, with a fine climate, and exceedingly healthy. In reply to your 6th question, I deem it sufficient to refer to the answer under the second query. The peace and tranquility of both whites and Indians require that this long strip of land should be attached to the State of Missouri ; and I cannot suppose that any gentleman as well acquairited with its locality as I am, would entertain a different opinion, or dissent from the views herein expressed. With great respect, I have the honor to be Your obedient servant, JNO. DOUGHERTY, Hon. L. F. LiNN, Senate, U. S. Indian Agent. As early as 1834-5, two years before the removal of the Indians, the narrow strip of land between the western boundary of the state and the Missouri River began to be settled by white men. So numerous were these settlers that the United States Government sent a military force from Fort Leavenworth to remove them. What proportion of these HISTORY OF BUCHANAN COUNTY. 107 daring frontiersmen had located in the territory of what is now Buchanan County we cannot determine, but the number must have been consider- able, as will be seen from the following letter from Hon. L. F. Linn, to Hon. John Forsyth, Secretary of State : SAiNt Genevieve, August 10, 1835. Sir: I take the liberty of enclosing you a copy (perhaps imperfect, from having mislaid the original,) of a letter dated May 14, to the Sec- retary of War, on a subject of much interest to the people of this State. To this communication no answer has been received. May I tax your kindness by asking that you will read the letter, and give the subject your friendly attention in any way you may deem advisable. I feel that there is a propriety in endeavoring to obtain your assistance, knowing the state you so long represented in Congress, with such distinguished credit, has been greatly annoyed by an Indian population. I hear an order has come from the War Department to remove the families who have settled on the Indian lands lying between our western boundary and the Missouri River, by military force. You know the independent and daring character of our frontier population, and knowing, you will easily believe that this step is not to be accomplished without violence and much distress, as the families are two or three hundred in number. The accompanying diagram will at a _ glance show you what we want, and at the same time the utter useless- ness of this portion of country for Indian purposes. The long absence of Governor Cass, and multiplicity of business since his return, may have caused, him to lose sight of my letter. His order has caused much sensation in the northern part of the state, and for the present ought to be suspended. Yours truly, L. F. LINN. Hon. John Forsyth, Secretary of State. In the summer of 1835 there was held a regimental militia muster at Dale's farm, three miles from the town of Liberty, in Clay County. After the morning parade, and during the recess for dinner, a mass meeting of the citizens present was addressed, among others, by Gen- eral Andrew S. Hughes, who came to Clay from Montgomery County, Kentucky, in 1828, and who soon afterward was appointed Indian agent by President John Quincy Adams. At this meeting he proposed the acquisition of the Platte country, and the measure met with such hearty approval that a committee was at once appointed to make an effort to accomplish it. The committee was composed of William T. Wood, now judge of the Lexington Circuit ; David R. Atchison, ex-United States Senator ; A. W. Doniphan, a distinguished lawyer and hero of the Mex- ican war ; Peter H- Burnett, afterward one of the supreme judges of Cal- ifornia, and Edward M. Samuel, afterward president of the Commercial Bank in St. Louis — all of them at that time residents of Clay County. lo8 HISTORY OF BUCHANAN COUNTY. Subsequently an able memorial to Congress was drafted by Judge Wood, embracing the facts and considerations in behalf of the measure, which, after being signed by the committee, was forwarded to the Sen- ators and Representatives at Washington from Missouri. Following the prayer of this memorial, in 1836, a bill was' introduced in Congress by Thomas H. Benton, and zealously supportediby his col- league. Senator Linn, which provided for the extension of the then existing boundary of the state, so as to include the triangle between the existing line and the Missouri River, then a part of the Indian Territory, now comprising the counties of Atchison, Andrew, Buchanan, Holt, Nod- away and Platte. The difficulties encountered were three fold: i. To make still larger a state which was already one of the largest in the Union. 2. To remove Indians from a possession which had just been assigned to them in perpetuity. 3. To alter the Missouri Compromise line in relation to slave- territory, and thereby convert free soil into slave soil. Notwithstanding these difficulties, the two first mentioned serious and the last formidable, the act was passed and the treaties negotiated, and in 1837 the Indians removed west of the Missouri River, thus adding to the state a large body of the richest land in the world. During the fall of 1835, after the meeting held at the regimental muster above referred to. General Andrew S. Hughes wrote to Hon. L. F. Linn in reference to a treaty with the loways and Sacs of his agency. His letter is as follows : > lowAY Sub-agency, September 3, 1835. Sir : I have written a hasty scrawl to you. It might be well to pub- lish your letter to show to the people what you were doing. I send this to St. Genevieve, not exactly knowing where to find you. I give you liberty to do just as yoi\ may think proper with my letter. All letters addressed to me, I wish directed to the " Elm Grove Post- office, Clay County, Missouri." This is most convenient to me. When I hear from you I will write again. I desire to see you before you go on East. A treaty can be made with the loways of my agency and Sacs, with- out expense to the Government, or any other unnecessary pomp and parade, as has heretofore been the case. Colonel Dodge could make treaty with the Indians as a part of his official duty. They are near his post, and I should have no objections to render any assistance that might be asked of me. Believe me, your sincere friend, AND. S. HUGHES. To Hon. Lewis F. Linn. The treaty which was negotiated with the Sac and Fox Indians, whereby Missouri extended her western boundary line, is as follows : HISTORY OF BUCHANAN COUNTY. IO9 ARTICLES OF A TREATY made and concluded at Fort Leavenworth, on the Missouri River, between William Clark, Superintendent of Indian Affairs, on the part of the United States, of the one part, and the undersigned chiefs, warriors: and counsellors of the loway tribe, and the band of Sacs and Foxes of the Missouri (residing west of the State of Missouri) in behalf of their respective tribes, of the other part. Article i. By the first article of the treaty of Prairie du Chien, held the 15th of July, 1830, with the confederated tribes of the Sacs and Foxes, loways, Omahaws, Missourias, Ottoes and Sioux, the country ceded to the United States by that treaty, is to be "assigned and allotted, under the President of the United States, to the tribes living thereon, or to such other tribes as the President may locate thereon for hunting and and other purpose." And whereas, it is further represented to us, the chiefs, warriors and counsellors of the loways and Sacs and Fox band aforesaid to be desirable that the lands lying between the State of Mis- souri and the Missouri River should be attached to and become a part of the said state, and the Indian title thereto should be extinguished ; but that, notwithstanding, as these lands compose a part of the country embraced by the provision of said first article of the treaty aforesaid, the stipulations thereof will be strictly observed, until the assent of the Indians interested is given to the proposed measure. Now we, the chiefs, warriors and counsellors of the loways and Mis- souri band of Sacs and Foxes, fully understanding the subject, and well satisfied from the local position of the lands in question, that they can never be nriade available for Indian purposes, and that an attempt to place an Indian population on them must inevitably lead to collision with the citizens of the United States, and further believing that the exten- sion of the state fine in the direction indicated, would have a happy effect,, by presenting a natural boundary between the whites and the Indians; and willing, moreover, to give the United States a renewed evidence of our attachment and friendship, do hereby, for ourselves and on behalf of our respective tribes (having full power and authority to this effect) for- ever cede, relinquish and quit claim to the United States", all our rights title and interest, of whatever nature, in and to the land lying between the State of Missouri and the Missouri River, and do freely and fully exonerate the United States from any guarantee, condition or limitation,, expressed or implied, under the treaty of Prairie du Chien aforesaid or otherwise, as to the entire and absolute disposition of the said lands ; fully authorizing the United States to do with the same whatever shall seem expedient or necessary. As a proof of the continued friendship and liberality of the United States towards the loways and band of Sacs and Foxes of the Mis- sourias, and as an evidence of the same entertained for the good will manifested by said tribes to the citizens and Government of the United States, as evinced in the preceding cession or relinquishment, the under- signed, William Clark, agrees, on behalf of the United States, to pay as a present to the said loways and band of Sacs and Foxes $7,500 m money, the receipt of which they hereby acknowledge. Article 2. As the said tribes of loways, and Sacs and Foxes, have applied for a small piece of land south of the Missouri for a permanent no HISTORY OF BUCHANAN COUNTY. home, on which they can settle, and request the assistance of the Gov- ernment of the United States to place them on the land, in a situation at least equal to that they now enjoy on the lands ceded by them. Therefore, I, William Clark, Superintendent of Indian Affairs, do further agree on behalf of the United States, to assign to the loway tribes and Missouri band of Sacs and Foxes, the small strip of land on the south side of the Missouri River, lying between the Kickapoo northern boun- dary line and the Grand Nemaha River, and extending from the Mis- souri back and westwardly with the said Kickapoo line and the Grand Nemaha, making four hundred sections, to be divided between the said loways, and Missouri band of Sacs and Foxes, the lower half to the Sacs and Foxes, the upper half to the loways. Article 3. The loways and Missouri band of Sacs and Foxes, further agree that they will move and settle on the lands assigned them in the above article as soon as arrangements can be made, and the undersigned William Clark, in behalf of the United States, agrees that, as soon as the above tribes have selected a site for their villages, and places for their fields, and moved to them, to erect for the loways five comfortable houses ; to enclose and break up for them two hundred acres of ground ; to furnish them with a farmer, blacksmith, schoolmaster and interpreter, as long as the President of the United States deems proper; to furnish them with such agricultural implements as may be necessary, for five years ; to furnish them with rations for one year, commencing at the time of their arrival at their new home ; to furnish them with one ferry boat ; to furnish them with one hundred cows and calves, and five bulls, and one hundred stock hogs, when they require them ; to furnish them with a mill, and assist in removing them, to the extent of five hundred dollars. And to erect for the Sacs and Foxes, three comfortable houses; to enclose and break up for them two hundred acres of land ; to furnish them with a farmer, blacksmith, schoolmaster, and interpreter, as long as the President of the United States shall deem proper ; to furnish them with such agricultural implements as may be necessary, for five years ; to furnish them with rations for one year, commencing at the time of their arrival at their new home ; to furnish them with one ferry boat ; to furnish them with one hundred cows and calves, and five bulls ; one hundred stock hogs, when they require them ; to furnish them with a mill, and to assist in removing them to the extent of four hundred dollars. Article 4. This treaty shall be obligatory on the tribes, parties hereto, from and after the date hereof, and on the United States, from and after its ratification by the Government thereof Done, and signed and sealed at Fort Leavenworth, on the Missouri, this seventeenth day of September, eighteen hundred and thirty-six, and of the Independence of the United States the sixty-first. WILLIAM CLARK, Superintendent Indian Affairs. lOWAYS : MO-HOS-CA (or White Cloud), NE - WAN - THAW - CHU' ( Hair NAU-CHE-NING (or No Heart), Shedder), WA-CHE-MO-NE (or the Orator), MAN-HAW-KA (Bunch of Arrows), NE-0-MO-NE (or Raining Cloud), CHA-TAU-THE-NE (Big Bull) HISTORY OF BUCHANAN COUNTY. Ill MAN-0-MO-NE (or Pumpkin), CHA-TEA-THAU (Buffalo Bull), CON-GU (or Plumb), CHA - TA - HA - RA-WA- RE (For- WAU-THAW-CA-BE-CHU(one eign Buffalo), that eats rats). SACS AND FOXES: CA-HA-QUA (Red Fox), PE-SHAW-CA (Bear), PE-CAU-MA (Deer), NE-BOSH-CA-NA (WolQ, NE-SQUI-IN-A (Deer), NE-SAW-AU-QUA (Bear), QUA-CO-OUSI-SI (Wolf), SUQUIL-LA (Deer), AS-KE-PA-KE-KA-AS-A (Green Lake), WA-PA-SE (Swan), NO-CHA-TAU-WA-TA-SA (Star). CAN-C A-CAR-MACK (Rock Bass), SEA-SA-HO (Sturgeon), PE-A-CHIM-A-CAR-MACK (Bald Headed Eagle), PE-A-CHIM-A-CAR-MACK, Jr., (Bald Headed Eagle). WITNESSES : S. W. KEARNY, JNO. DOUGHERTY, A. S. HUGHES, GEO. R. H. CLARK, WILLIAM DUNCAN, JOS. V. HAMILTON, H. ROBIDOU, Jr., WILLIAM BOWMAN, JEFFRY DORION, PETER CONSTINE, JACQUES METTE, LOUIS M. DAVIDSON. CHAPTER V. EARLY SETTLEMENTS. IMPORTANCE OF FIRST SETTLEMETNS— WHEN SETTLEMENTS FIRST COMMENCED— SET- TLEMENT OF PLATTE TOWNSHIP-JACKSON TOWNSHIP—CRAWFORD-BLOOMING- TON-CENTRE— RUSH— AGENCY-MARION— WAYNE— LAKE— WASHINGTON. Every nation does not possess an authentic account of its origin, neither do all communities have the correct data whereby it is possible to accurately predicate the condition of their first beginnings. Never- theless, to be intensely interested in such things is characteristic of the race, and it is particularly the province of the historian to, deal with first causes. Should these facts, as is often the case, be lost in the myth- ical tradition of the past, the chronicler invades the realm of the ideal and compels his imagination to paint the missing picture. The patriotic Roman was not content till he had found the "First Settlers," and then he was satisfied, although they were found in the very undesirable com- pany of a wolf, and located on a drift, which the receding waters of the Tiber had permitted them to pre-empt. One of the advantages pertaining to a residence in a new country and one seldom appreciated, is the fact that we can go back to the first beginnings. We are thus enabled, not only to trace results to their causes, but also to grasp the facts which have contributed to form and mold these causes. We observe that a state or county has attained a certain position, and we at once try to trace out the reasons for this position in its early settlement and surroundings, in the class of men by whom it was peopled, and in the many chances and changes which have wrought out results in all the recorded deeds of mankind. In the history of Buchanan County we may trace its early settlers to their homes in the Eastern States and in the countries of the Old World. We may follow the course of the hardy woodman of the "Buckeye" or the "Hoosier" state, or from Kentucky and Virginia on his way west to "grow up with the country," trusting only to his strong arm and his wil- ling heart to work out his ambition of a home for himself and wife and a competence for his children. Again, we will see that others have been animated with the imptilse to "move on," after making themselves a part of the community, and have sought the newer parts of the extreme West, where civilization had not penetrated, or returned to their native soil. We shall find much of that distinctive New England character HISTORY OF BUCHANAN COUNTY. II3 which has contributed so many men and women to other portions of our state and the west ; also we shall find many an industrious native of Germany or the British Isles, and a few of the industrious and econom- ical French — all of whom have contributed to modify types of men already existing here. Those who have noted the career of the descendants of these brave, strong men, in subduing the wilds and overcoming the obstacles and withstanding the hardships of this country in early times, can but admit they are worthy sons of illustrious sires. The "Platte Purchase" was, until 1837, forbidden ground, and meas- ures were taken by the government to prevent settlement, consequently the settlement of the county properly began when it was thrown open and immigration was invited and encouraged. From this time the population increased rapidly, and the develop- ment of the material resources of the county was so speedy as to be almost unprecedented. In treating of the settlement of the cgunty during this period, we shall strive to be somewhat analytical in our style, as by this course we hope to be able to give a more accurate and lucid account than could otherwise be done ; to this end we shall sub- divide the county into districts, and speak of the first"settlements in each, and so continue until the distinctive neighborhoods grew together, and practically constituted one settlement — Buchanan County. Those who are any way familiar with the early settlement of Buchanan County, or in fact any of the Missouri counties, are aware that the first improvements were made along the various streams of water, not on the banks of these streams, as a general thing, but in or near the tirnber which grew in their vicinity. We fully realize that the task of tracing out these first settlements so as to accurately and fully give a history of each individual making them, is a difficult one ; in proportion as the reader understands the magnitude and difficulty of the work, to that extent will we have his sympathy and forbearance. The data upon which we found our sup- posed facts consist mainly of notes taken by our agents, who have visited every part of the county, and if the narrative should, in some particulars, seem to the reader to be incorrect, we wish to remind him that the par- ticular fact which he may question is founded on the statement of some one individual who resides in the immediate neighborhood, and, in all probability, substantiated by the best evidence obtainable. Such persons should remember that they are as liable to be mistaken as their neigh- bors, and that in the little circumscribed realm of their own neighbor- hood, even as in the boundless realm of the universe, " truth is stranger than fiction." We have stated elsewhere in this history, that as early as 1834-5 the adventurous pioneer had pitched his tent within the borders of the 114 HISTORY OF BUCHANAN COUNTY. Platte country. Its timber, its water courses, its salubrious climate and prolific soil constituted attractions which were to him irrisistible, and believing that this land, " flowing with milk and honey," would soon be given over to the possession of the white man, he accordingly braved the opposition of the Indian, and incursions of the military forces at Fort Leavenworth, by moving in and effecting, if nothing more, a tem- porary settlement. As soon, however, as the treaty was made, and in fact before the red man had taken up his line of march to other hunting grounds, towards the setting sun, the tide of anxious, restless emigration, like the ancient Scythians who poured into Hungary, soon overspread the Platte Purchase, bringing with them weapons of peace and industry, wherewith to conquer its wildernesses and waste places. The early emigrants who came to Buchanan County, erected their rude cabins in what were afterwards known as Platte, Jackson, Crawford, Bloomington and Centre townships, this portion of the county not only lying more contiguous to Clinton County, which had been settled for years, but it posessed an abundance of timber, which was to the old settler, one of the economic and indispensable surroundings of his new home. I SETTLEMENT OF PLATTE TOWNSHIP. We shall here begin the history of the early settlements, as to loca- tion, with what is now known as Platte Township. The most authentic accounts all point to Judge Weston J. Everett, of Clay County, but originally from Tennessee, as being the first perma- nent settler. He had visited the Platte country. in the fall of 1836, with the view of selecting a location for his future home. Having found the country all that he desired, he returned in February, 1837, and made a settlement on section 13, township 55, range 34, which had been occu- pied a short time by Absalom Enyard, of Clay 'County, Missouri. Mr. Enyard had already put up a small hut on the land, but having done so before the country was open for settlement, he was dispossessed and driven out by United States forces. His fence surrounding his premises was burned by the military, but his cabin was such an insignificant struc- ture, that it was left standing. This was purchased by Judge Everett, and was for a time his home. At the time of his arrival a fierce snow- storm was prevailing over this portion of the country, and the snow con- tinued to fall until it exceeded a depth of six inches. Judge Everett has been one of the prominent citizens of this portion of the county, filling various offices, from that of road overseer, to Judge of the County Court. He now resides on the farrn where he first located, HISTORY OP' BUCHANAN COUNTY. II 5 Absalom Munkers, a brother-in-law of Judge Everett, and a native of Tennessee, came to the same neighborhood where Judge Everett settled, in February, 1837, and located on section 18, township 55, range 33. They left Clay County together, but Mr. Munkers falling in com- pany with a family in Clinton County, was detained on the road for about a week. Mr. Munkers, not being so fortunate as Judge Everett, had to build his own cabin in the woods. It is claimed that the wagons of these two gentlemen were the first to make tracks on the soil of Platte Town- ship. Mr. Munkers still lives, at an advanced age, on the land which he first pre-*empted. His son David was the first white child born in the township, the date of his birth being April, 1837. Jackson Erickson was also a native of Tennessee, but came to Buchanan County from Ray County, Missouri, in 1837, and located on section 7, township 55, range 33. James Williams. came also late in the year 1837, and located where Judge John Rohan now resides, on section 18. Mr. Williams removed to California, and died there. Old "Uncle Jack Huntsucker," as he was familiarly called, came from Tennessee, and settled on Castile Creek in 1837. Peter Bledsoe came also in 1837, and settled in the northern part of the township. He is still living. William Cobb was one of the early settlers, from Tennessee, and located on section 11, where he still lives. Jesse Fletcher began to improve a farm in the northwestern part of the township in 1837, but moved to the Grand River country, in Caldwell County, and diet! there. John Fletcher, a son of Jesse Fletcher, came with his brother-in- law, Asa Rockhold, in March or April, 1837. Mr. Fletcher settled the place where the widow of Richard Deacon now lives, and Rockhold where Mrs. Head now lives. John Tobin, from Kentucky, was the only settler between the Fletcher and Rockhold places and Matney's Mill. He arrived in 1838, and located on the hill half a mile east of the mill. John Dryden settled the same year, about one mile north of the Platte County line. Thompson Burnham made a settlement in the southeast corner of the township in 1837. Charles Kennaird came in 1838. Morris Pile came in 1838, and settled on section 13, township 55, range 34, and is still living there. James Anderson came also about this time. Dr. Samuel Trower, from Kentucky, arrived in 1838, settled on sec- tion 12, township 55, range 34, and was the first physician to practice Il6 HISTORY OF BUCHANAN COUNTY. medicine in Platte Township. He practiced his profession for many years, and died in Kansas. Nelson Witt came early in the spring of 1838, and located where his son, Jackson Witt, now lives. He was also from Kentucky, and is now dead. He was the first Justice of the Peace (1839) in Platte Township, and was at one time County Judge. Daniel Clark came in 1838, and his children now reside in the vicin- ity where he settled. John Berryhill settled in the forks of Maiden Creek in the early part of 1838. . James Courtney bought the place which Jackson Erickson originally settled, on the latter's death, and lived in the township till his death, which occurred in 1876, at the age of seventy-seven years, the oldest man in the township when he died. James Fidler came into the township in 1838, and that year raised a crop on the place where the widow of his son James, now lives. He was from Tennessee and died on the place he settled. John G. Elliott, who now resides in Platte Township, says that his father, John Elliott, came from Kentucky in 1833 or '34, and settled in the Platte Purchase, next to the Clinton County line. The country was, of course, at that date, in the possession of the Indians, and the white settlers were soon driven off by the soldiers. Mr. Elliott moved over the line into Clinton County, but still continued to carry on the farm in Platte Township. John Commins, the father of Eli Commins, was also one of the early settlers of the township, and is said to have lived in Buchanan County several years before the Indians were removed. The first 'mill built in the township was Platte River, or, as it is now generally called, Matney's Mill. It was commenced in 1838 by Harrison Whitson, an old settler, and was completed at the Platte Town- ship end of the dam, exactly opposite to its present site in Jackson Township. Mr. Whitson operated it till 1843, when John Bretz, after- wards County Judge, became its owner. It remained in his hands till February 28th, 1845, when it was destroyed by fire. It was immediately rebuilt, across the river just opposite to its present site, in Jackson Township. Judge John Rohan, who was at one time a member of the County Court, was the only merchant who sold goods in Platte Township. His store was on his farm. He commenced business here after the war and removed his goods about 1876. The first school-house in the township stood on the Rockhold place, less than a quarter of a mile from the house of Asa Rockhold, on a little branch that flows into Castile Creek. It was known as the Rockhold school-house, and the first school was taught by a man named Jackman. HISTORY OF BUCHANAN COUNTY. II7 There are now five good school buildings in Platte Township. The first meeting house in the township was built by the Calvanistic Baptists, on land belonging to Judge Nelson Witt, and within a hundred yards of his dwelling. It was known as the "Witt Meeting House." It was a large structure, built of hewn logs, with eight corners, and held a considerable number of people. The first minister who preached in this church, and in Platte Township, was John Evans, a Cal- vanistic Baptist from Kentucky. The Missionary Baptist subsequently erected a frame meeting house, called "flebron," which was standing in 1876, not used, however, for church purposes. Another house of worship was erected in the northern part of the township, called "Jones' Chapel," which was burned down during the war. Rev. Wm. Bledsoe, of the Hardshell Baptist denomination, a pioneer and Christian gentleman, ministered with the earliest expound- ers of the Word in these regions. Henry Wetmore was the first and last postmaster in the township. The office was continued for about two years. The first bridge at Platte River, connecting Platte and Jackson Townships, was erected about 1854. Calvert and Hodges were the con- tractors at $3,700. W. C. Maddox built the approaches at $1,050. The second bridge in the township was built in 1870. C. Baker & Co., contractors, at $7,500, all complete. It broke down in 1878, and was rebuilt in a more substantial manner. SETTLEMENT OF JACKSON TOWNSHIP. Among the early settlers of this township was Pleasant Yates, who came in the spring of 1837, and settled in the vicinity of where he now lives. At the time of his arrival there were no white settlers within a dis- tance of seven miles. Isaac Farris settled in the northern part of the township in 1837. He was a native of Lincoln County, Kentucky, removed to Indiana, and emigrated from that state to Missouri. He came directly to the Platte Purchase, and in the fall of the year settled on section 6, township 55, range 34. The father of Isaac Farris, (Johnson Farris,) had previously been one of the pioneers of Kentucky, and is said to have built the first house erected in Warrensburg in that state. The father of George W. Ray, who is now one of the leading resi- dents of the township, settled about half way between Matney's Mill and Arnoldsville. Il8 HISTORY OF BUCHANAN COUNTY. Several families- by the name of Holland made settlements at an early period to the south of Matney's Mill, and their descendants formed a considerable part of the early population fn that Locality. Levi Jackson, from Kentucky, located on Platte River, above Matney's mill, and was one of the early settlers of the township. Judge Blevins was one of the pioneers. He came in 1837 or 1838, and settled on the river bluff, south of Matney's mill. John Johnson came from North Carolina in 1838. Robert Prather came the same year from Kentucky, and is now living in Atchison County, Kansas. Phillip Walker came about the same time, and is now living near the site of Old Sparta, at the advanced age of over eighty years. Robert Wilson, of Ohio, came also at the same time with the above, and died in 1865. There is but one church building within the limits of Jackson Town- ship. This is located about one and three-quarters miles north by east of Arnoldsville. It is styled Mount Pleasant Church, and is the property of the Missionary Baptists, by whom it was built some thirty-five or thirty-six years ago. The structure is a time-worn and weather-stained frame building, of contracted proportions ; the rude, unpretending style, proper to the day and generation when it was built. The surroundings are in harmony with the general aspect of this primitive edifice, which- doubtless in the day of its erection was something of which that then sparsely settled neighborhoood had some cause to be proud. Between the heavy body of timber to the southward of the road and the building, on a slight elevation to the northward, is a graveyard, thickly studded with mounds, in which many of the "rude forefathers of the hamlet sleep." Some of them are surrounded by fences, and dis- tinguished with monuments suggestive of a cultured taste, and more modern period of construction. Others again are of an exceedingly primitive character, while the general mass of unmarked graves have little to distinguish them from the fenceless and uncaredfor space which they seem to occupy, with little if any regard to order of arrangement. The first to preach in this antique church was Rev. Mathias Cline, who came to that vicinity about the year 1844 or '45. Rev. Delany Woods is the present minister in charge. John Ray came from North Carolina in 1838, settling first, between Arnoldsville and Matney's Mill. He died in 1857. G. W. Ray, his son, is the present merchant of Arnoldsville. In the same year came Christopher Cunningham (since dead) and his two sons, William and John, who now live in Kansas. Benjamin McCrary settled in the township in 1838, and died soon after the war. HISTORY OF BUCHANAN COUNTY. II9 Charles Grable, a prominent citizen of the township, now living one mile from Arnoldsville, came to the township in 1840. Anthony Grable, his brother (now dead), who came with him, sold goods in Arnoldsville with John Chesnut for a period of two years, soon after the close of the war. Eli Arnold came at an early day, and died since the war. Platte River Mills, also called Matney's Mills, was one of the earliest settled neighborhoods of the township. The postoffice at this period, called " Platte River," was established in 1848, and John Bretz appointed postmaster. This was the first post-, office established in Jackson Township. Bretz was succeeded in the office by Wm. Matney, the present owner of the mills. Joel Grable started a general store in 185 1, and sold goods about one year. In August, 1852, Wm. M. Matney opened, in partnership with E. Cody, a stock of goods. They continued in business together till April 1853, when Matney bought out his partner, and continued to sell goods till 1854, when he sold out to Isaac Brooks. In 1857, Brooks moved his goods to Plattsburg. Wm. M. Matney opened another store at the mills, and did business till 1861, when he closed out. There was no store kept at the mills during the period of the civil war, and the postoffice, as above stated, was moved across the the river into Platte Township, one mile north of the mills to the house of Henry Weltner, with whom it remained until after the close of the war, when it was moved back to its original and present site in Jackson Township. The present postmaster of Platte River, is O. D. Grable, son of Joel Grable, an old citizen of the township, and the merchant in whose store the postoffice is now kept. William M. Matney became the sole proprietor of what is now known as Matney's Mill in April, 1857. This mill is located in Jackson Township, on Platte River, just opposite to the point in Platte Town- ship, where it was first erected in J838. In August, 1867, the mill was consumed by fire. Mr. Matney rebuilt a frame building, 46x66 feet, three stories above basement. The base- ment wall is stone, twenty feet high, containing more than seven hundred perch. The mill contains two run of burrs, four and four and a half feet' in diameter. There is an addition to the main building two stories high. First story is used for saw mill, and contains one circular saw ; the second story contains two double custom roll carding machines, all driven by four Leffel turbine wheels, which cost about $2, coo. The mill is now in successful operation, except during very high or low water. I20 HISTORY OF BUCHANAN COUNTY. SETTLEMENT OF CRAWFORD TOWNSHIP. William Fowler, (deceased), settled in Crawford Township, 1837. William Harrington, (deceased), 1837. Edward Davidson, from Illinois, (deceased), 1837. Caleb Bailey, (deceased), 1837. William Guinn, from Illinois in 1837, went to California in 1846. William Lockhart, from Illinois, (deceased), 1837. Bartlett Curl, from Kentucky in 1837, living in Oregon. James B. O'Toole, from Illinois, (deceased), 1837. Harvey Jones, from North Carolina, (deceased), 1837. O. M. Spencer, from Kentucky in 1837, living in Kansas. Widdy Henderson, (deceased). James Curl, (deceased). William Payne, (deceased). Guian Brown, (deceased). Turpin Thomas, (deceased). Matt Ferrell, (deceased). Judge Thomas A. Brown, living ; present County Judge. Judge Brown came to Crawford Township in 1838, from Tennessee. H. W. Baker came in 1837, from Virginia ; living. John Hickman came in 1837, from St. Louis; living. Levi J. Judah came in 1839, from Indiana; living. Columbus H. Roundtree came in 1837, from Kentucky; living. John, James and Cornelius McGuire, (deceased). Captain William Fowler located here in 1837, from Delaware, on the quarter section of land now occupied by the town of Wallace. He had the honor of being the first Circuit and County Clerks of Buchanan County, having been appointed to those positions in 1839. H!e died in St. Joseph, in November, 1880, at the advanced age of eighty-two years. Dr. Silas McDonald came from Kentucky in the spring of 1838, and located in Crawford Township. He was the first physician in the county. Now a resident of St. Joseph. Major Sandford Feland came to this township in 1839, purchased a claim east of the town of Wallace, where he has continued to reside ever since. His apple orchard, one of the finest in the state, contains five thousand trees. Major Feland states when he came to his present home the bark wigwaras, which had just been vacated by the Sac Indians, were still standing on the banks of Bee Creek. The Major is a native of Ken- tucky, and was an officer in the Kentucky militia. Guilford Moultrie, who built the first log Court House at Sparta, was a resident of Crawford Township, and died at his home some years before the war, one mile east of Wallace. HISTORY OF BUCHANAN COUNTY. 121 The oldest business center in Crawford Township was known as West Point. It was a single store, kept by Joel Pennick, on a farm now owned by Milton Murphy, one and a half miles west of the present town •of Halleck. Mr. Pennick came to the township with his family in 1838, and afterwards removed to St. Joseph. Here was kept one among the first postoffices established in the county. Henry Fansher ran the first blacksmith shop in the township. This was on the present site of Faucett's rriiill. , The first camp meeting in Crawford Township was held by the Presbyterians, on Sparta camp ground, in the southwest part of the township, in 1848. Rev. Jesse Allen was the first Presbyterian minister. It is generally conceded that the first mill erected in the township was Clowser's mill, a water power built by Jones, and operated by John Clowser. The site of this mill was two and a half miles east of Halleck. Daniel Clowser destroyed and rebuilt the mill in 1849. In the great freshet of 1858 this was entirely swept aw;ay. The first steam mill erected in the township was by Dr. Silas McDonald, now of St. Joseph. Edward Davidson also built a steam mill, which was destroyed by fire in 1868. Brown & McClanahan built, in 1856-7, a steam saw mill north of Halleck. In 1861, Daniel Clowser bought it from Brown & McClanahan and coriyerted it into a grist mill and carding machine. The latter feature has ceased to exist. Ip, 1865 this was sold to Faucett & Ferril, who enlarged it and made it one of the best flouring mills in the country. It operates five run of burrs and has capacity for making one hundred barrels of flour per day and night.. The present owners are Faucett, Robinson & Baker. Faucp,tt's flour is widely and favorably known throughoiit the Miissouri valley. Nathan Turner ,l:)uilt. a mill in the fall Of 1838, and when he had a head of water w;ould start, tjie mill and go to clearing ground. Mr. Turner says that his neighbor, Sneed, had a dog, which was good to hunt "coons." One day, \vhen his miU was running (he being in the new ground at work) he heard Sneed's dog barking, and. thinking he had faund a "coon" in the mi.ll, In fact, the aborigines of the frontier have generally corroborated this statement, for they used to say that they knew the white man was not far behind when the bees appeared among them." There were other recreations, such as shooting matches and quilting parties, which obtained in those days, and which were enjoyed to the fullest extent. The quilting parties were especially pleasant and agree- able to those who attended. The established rule in those days at these quilting parties was, to pay either one dollar in money or split one hundred rails during the course of the day. The men would generally split the rails and the women would remain in the house and do the quilting. After the day's work was done the night would be passed in dancing. "All the swains that there abide, With jigs and rural dance resort." When daylight came the music and the dancing would cease, and the gallant young men would escort the ladies to their respective home.s. CHAPTER VII. LEGISLATIVE ACT ORGANIZING BUCHANAN AND PLATTE COUNTIES— APPOINTMENT OF COMMISSIONERS TO LOCATE COUNTY-SEAT— ORGANIZATION OF THE COUNTY- FIRST COURT —COUNTY AND TOWNSHIP SYSTEM— GOVERNMENT SURVEYS -OR- GANIZATION OF TOWNSHIPS — BOUNDARIES OF SAME ESTABLISHED - PROCEED- INGS OF FIRST COURT— ELECTION PRECINCTS-ROADS-FERRIES. In 1837, after the Platte Purchase was made, the territory now included in Buchanan County was by act of the General Assembly, attached to Clinton County, for civil and judicial purposes. That por- tion of the act referring to Buchanan County is as follows : "All that portion of territory included within the following bounda- ries, to wit : beginning at the southwest corner of Clinton County, thence ^^ due west to the middle of the main channel of the Missouri River, thence up the main channel of the same to where the northern boundary line of the State of Missouri intersects the same, thence along said line to the present northwest corner of the state, thence south to the beginning, be and the same is hereby attached to the county of Clinton, for civil and judicial purposes." The following is the act of the General Assembly of Missouri (1838) under which Platte and Buchanan Counties were organized, and their boundaries defiried. PLATTE AND BUCHANAN. "An Act to organize the Counties of Platte and Buchanan, to define the boundaries of the same. Be it enacted by the General A sseinbly of the State of Missouri, as follows : Section i. The territory west of Clay and Clinton Counties, included in the following boundaries, shall compose a new county, to be called Platte : Beginning at the southwest corner of Clay County and running north with the western boundary of said counties a sufficient distance, to a corner hereafter to be established by survey; and thence due west to the Missouri River ; thence down the middle of the main channel of said river to the beginning, so as to include in said county of Platte, four hundred square miles. Sec. 2. ' The territory west of Clinton County, included in the fol- lowing boundaries, shall compose a new county to be called Buchanan, in honor of the Hon. James Buchanan of Pennsylvania : Beginning at the northeast corner of Platte County, as hereinafter established, agree- ably to the provisions of this act ; and thence north along the Clinton HISTORY OF BUCHANAN COUNTY. 1 53 County or old State line, a sufficient distance, to a corner to be hereafter established by survey ; and thence west to the Missouri River ; and thence down the middle of the main channel of said river to the •northwest corner of Platte County, when established as aforesaid ; and thence east to the beginning, so as to contain four hundred square miles. Sec. 3. The Governor is authorized and required to appoint and commission three persons, resident in each of said counties, as justices of the County Court thereof, and one person in each of said counties as sheriff of the same, who, when commissioned, shall have full power and authority to act as such in their respective offices, under the existing laws, until the next general election, in 1840, and until their successors are duly commissioned and qualified. Sec. 4. Until the permanent seat for justice of said counties be established, the several courts for said counties shall (unless the respect- ive County Courts shall otherwise direct,) be held as follows : for the county of Platte [at] Falls of Platte, and for the county of Buchanan at Richard Hill's. Sec. 5. The regular terms of the County Courts, in each of the counties aforesaid, shall be held on the first Mondays of February, May, August and November, in each year ; but the courts may meet at their discretion, after the time of their stated terms, giving due notice thereof Sec. 6. The Circuit Courts, in said counties, shall be held as fol- lows : In the county of Platte on the third Monday in April, August and December ; and in the county of Buchanan on the second Mondays in April, August and December. Sec. 7. Said counties shall compose a part of the First Judicial District, and of the Fifth Judicial Circuit. Sec. 8. The Circuit and County Courts of said counties, or the jndge or judges thereof, in vacation, shall have power to appoint their respec- tive clerks, who shall hold their offices until the next general election in 1840, and until their successors are duly qualified. Sec. 9. Said counties shall belong to and compose a part of the Twelfth Senatorial District. Sec. 10. Immediately after the passage of this act the Governor [is] authorized and required to appoint some suitable person as sur- veyor, to ascertain, survey and establish the boundaries of said counties of Platte and Buchanan, agreeably to the provisions of this act. Sec. II. Said surveyor shall, within thirty days of his appoint- ment, or as soon thereafter as practicable, after being duly sworn and qualified to execute the duties required by this act, proceed to dis- charge the same, and make report thereof to the '.respective County Courts of Platte and Buchanan, and likewise to the Governor of this State. Sec. 12. Said surveyor shall be allowed the sum of six dollars per day, as compensation in full for his services, including all expenses for chain carrying, marking, &c., &c.;. to be paid by the said counties of Platte and Buchanan, in equal proportions, upon the reception of his report as aforesaid. • Sec. 13. The following persons are hereby appointed commission- ers to select the seat of justice in said counties : For the county of Platte, Samuel Hadley, of Clay County; Samuel D. Lucas, of Jackson County, and John M. Morehead, for Ray County. For the county of 10 154 HISTORY OF BUCHANAN COUNTY. Buchanan, Peter B. Fulkerson and Armstrong McClintock, of Clinton County, and Leonard Brassfield, of Clay County; and said commission- ers are hereby vested with all the powers granted by an act entitled " An act to provide for organizing counties hereinafter established," approved December, 1836. Sec. 14. The County Courts of said counties are empowered to supply any vacancy that may occur among the Commissioners hereby appointed ; and said Commissioners for the counties of Platte and Buchanan shall meet for the purpose of discharging their duties, at such time and place as the County Courts shall direct. Sec. 15. The said counties of Platte and Buchanan shall each elect one Representative to the General Assembly of the State of Missouri on the first Monday in August, in the year 1840. Sec. 16. The County Court for Platte County shall hold^the first term of their court on the second Monday in March next, at which time they shall appoint some suitable person as assessor for said county, who shall hold his office until the next general election for county offices, and until his Successor is duly elected and qualified. This act to be in force from and after its passage. Approved December 31, 1838. ' State of Missouri, City of Jefferson, Office of Secretary of State. I, James L. Minor, Secretary of State of the State of Missouri, do hereby certify that by the provisions of an act entitled "An act to organ- ize the counties of Platte and Buchanan and define the boundaries of the same," approved December 31, 1839, Peter P. Fulkerson and Armstrong McClintock, of Clinton County, and Leonard Brassfield, of Clay County, were appointed Commissioners to select the seat of justice of the said county of Buchanan. Witness my hand and seal of office, this 13th day of March A D. 1839- JAMES L. MINOR, Secretary of State. . Leonard Brassfield, Esq. (Postage on the above letter was i8| cents.) A copy of the above appointment was sent to each of the three Com- missioners, and in pursuance thereof they severally went before one of the Judges of the Buchanan County Court, and subscribed an oath for the performance of their respective duties. The oath taken by Mr. Brass- field, and endorsed upon the order of appointment, is as follows : " Personally appeared before me, William Harrington, one of the Judges of the Buchanan County Court, the within named Leonard Brass- field, and took^an oath to discharge the. duties of Commissioner, without favor, partiality or prejudice. "Given under my hand, this 26th day of May, 1840. WILLIAM HARRINGTON. Territory of Ne-at-a-wah attached to Buchanan in 1839, for military and civil purposes Repealed in 1845. HISTORY OF BUCHANAN COUNTY. 1^55 The following is the report of the Commissioners : " We, the undersigned Commissioners appointed by the act of Assembly entitled An Act to organize the counties of Platte and Buchanan, and define the boundaries thereof, approved the 31st of December, 1838, after having been first duly sworn, proceeded to view the territory and situation of the same, to take into consideration as well the weight of the population of the said County of Buchanan, as the interest of the same, have selected for their seat of justice the southest quarter of section 2T, township 56, range 35. Nevertheless it is the wish of the Commissioners that if under the provisions of the several acts of Congress, granting to the counties a pre- emption to one quarter section for seats of justice, approved May 26, 1824, and the several acts of Congress granting pre-emptions to actual settlers on public lands, will permit the division of a qu9.rter, we would prefer taking the east half of the southwest quarter of section 21, town- ship 56, range 35, instead of the east half of the southeast quarter of sec- tion 21, township 56, range 35. In testimony whereof we have hereunto subscribed our names, and affixed our seals, this 28th day of May, 1840. A. McCLINTOCK, LEONARD BRASSFIELD, PETER P. FULKERSON." On the reverse side of this report is the following : Whereas, It has been the custom of parents to name their child- ren, we have thought proper to call the town by the name of the town of Benton.* A. McCLINTOCK, LEONARD BRASSFIELD, PETER P. FULKERSON. Endorsed : Commissioners' report of the location of the seat of justice received at August Term of Buchanan County Court, 1840, and ordered to be filed. A ttpst ' WM. FOWLER, Clerk. ORGANIZATION OF COUNTY COURT. The Governor of the state, as authorized by act of the General Assem- bly, commissioned Samuel Johnson, William Harrington and William Curl, County Court Justices, and appointed Samuel M. Gilmore Sheriff. Two of the justices (Samuel Johnson and William Harrington, con- stituting a quorum) met at the house of Richard Hill, on the first Monday in April, 1839, a"d organized as a court, causing proclamation of the same to be made. Samuel Johnson, one of its members, was appointed President of the court and William Fowler, clerk. Being thus organized, the court pro- ceeded to the discharge of the public business. *T.ie County Court nimed the county seat Sparta at August Te m, in 184:). 156 HISTORY OF BUCHANAN COUNTY. After granting a license to Edward Dodge, to vend groceries in the county, the question of naming and defining the boundary lines of the townships was then taken up, but before noticing the orders of the court in reference thereto, we deem it proper to give some explanations of the county and township system and government surveys, as so much depends in business and civil transactions upon county limits and county organizations. COUNTY AND TOWNSHIP SYSTEM. With regard to the origin of dividing individual states into county and township organizations, which, in an important measure, should have the power and opportunity of transacting their own business and governing themselves, under the approval of, and subject to, the state and general government, of which they both form a part, we quote from Elijah M. Haines, who is considered good authority on the subject. In his " Laws of Illinois, Relative to Town.ship Organizations," he says : " The county system originated with Virginia, whose early set- tlers soon became large landed proprietors, aristocratic in feeling, living apart, in almost baronial magnificence, on their own estates, and owning the laboring part of the population. Thus the materials for a town were not at hand, the voters being thinly distributed over a great area. " The county organization, where a few influential men managed the whole, business of the community, retaining their places almost at their pleasure, scarcely responsible at all, except in name, and permit- ted to conduct the county concerns as their ideas or wishes rnight direct, was moreover consonant with their recollections or traditions of the judicial and social dignities of the landed aristocracy of England, in descent from whom the Virginia gentlemen felt so much pride. In 1834. eight counties were organized in Virginia, and the system, extending throughout the state, spread into all the Southern States, and some of the Northern States ; unless we except the nearly similar division into 'districts' in South Carolina, and that into 'parishes' in Louisiana, from the French laws. " Illinois, which, with its vast additional territory, became a county of Virginia, on its conquest by General George Rogers Clark, retained the county organization, which was formerly extended oyer the state by the constitution of 1818, and continued in exclusive use until the consti- tution of 1848. " Under this system, as in other states adopting it, most local busi- ness' was transacted by those commissioners in each county who consti- tuted a county court, with quarterly sessions. " During the period ending with the constitution of 1847, a large portion of the state had become filled up with a population of New Eng- HISTORY OF BUCHANAN COUNTY. 1 57 land birth or character, dally growing more and more compact and dis- satisfied with the comparatively arbitrary and inefficient county system. It was maintained by the people that the heavy populated districts would always control the election of the commis'sioners to the disadvan- tage of the more thinly populated sections— in short, that under that system • equal and exact justice ' to all parts of the county could not be secured. " The township system had its origin in Massachusetts, and dates back to 1635. " The first legal enactment concerning this- system provided that, whereas, ' particular townships have many things which concern only themselves, and the ordering of their own affairs, and disposing of business in their own town,' therefore, ' the freemen of every township, or a majority part of them, shall only have power to dispose of their own lands and woods, with all the appurtenances of said town, to grant lots, and to make such orders as may concern the well-ordering of their own towns, not repugnant to the laws and orders established by the general court.' " They might also (says Mr. Haines) impose fines of not more than twenty shillings, and ' choose their own particular officers, as constables, surveyors for the highways and the like.' " Evidently this enactment relieved the general court of a mass of municipal details, without any danger to the power of that body in con- trolling general measures of public policy. " Probably, also, a demand from the freemen of the towns was felt for the control of their own home concerns. "The New England colonies were first governed by a 'general court' or legislature composed of a governor and a small council, which court consisted of the most influential inhabitants, and possessed and exercised both legislative and judicial powers, which were limited only by the wisdom of the holders. "They made laws, ordered their execution by officers, tried and decided civil and criminal causes, enacted all manner of municipal regu- lations, and, in fact, did all the public business of the colony. , Similar provisions for the incorporation of towns were made- in the first constitution of Connecticut, adopted in 1639, and the plan of town- ship organization, as experience proved its remarkable economy, efficiency and adaptation to the requirements of a free and intelligent people, became universal throughout new England, and went westward with the immigrants from New England into New York, Ohio and other western states. Thus we find that the valuable system of county, township and town organizations had been thoroughly tried and proven long before there was need of adopting it in Missouri, or any of the broad region 158 HISTORY OF BUCHANAN COUNTY. west of the Misissippi River. But as the new country began to be opened, and as eastern people began to move westward across the mighty river, and form thick settlements along its western bank, the territory and state, and county and township organizations soon followed in quick succession, and those different systems became more or less improved, according as deemed necessary by the experience and judgment and demands of the people, until the/ have arrived at the present stage of advancement and efficiency. In the settlement of the Territory of Mis- souri, the Legislature began by organizing counties on the Mississippi River. As each new county was formed it was made to include under legal jurisdiction all the country bordering west of it, and required to grant to the accidental settlers electoral privileges, and an equal share m the county government, with those who properly lived in the geo- graphical limits of the county. The counties first organized along the eastern borders of the state, were given for a short time jurisdiction over the lands and settlements adjoining each on the west, until these localities became sufficiently settled to support organizations of their own. GOVERNMENT SURVEYS. No person can intelligently understand the history of a country without at the same time knowing its geography, and in order that a clear and correct idea of the geography of Buchanan County may be obtained from the language always used in defining different localities and pieces of land, we insert herewith the plan of Government surveys as given in Mr. E. A. Hickman's Property Map of Jackson County, Mis- souri : Previous to the formation of our present Govern mejit, the eastern portion of North America consisted of a number of British colonies, the territory of which was granted in large tracts to British noblemen. By treaty of 1783, these grants were acknowledged as valid by the colonies. After the Revolutionary war, when these colonies were acknowledged " Independent States," all public domain within their boundaries was acknowledged to be the property of the colony within the bounds of which said domain was situated. Virginia claimed all the northwest territory including what is now known as Wisconsin, Michigan, Ohio, Kentucky, Indiana and Illinois. After a meeting of the Representatives of the various states to form a Union, Virginia ceded the northwest territory to the United States Government. This took place in 1784; then all this northwest territory became Government land. It comprised all south of the lakes and east of the Mississippi River and north and west of the states having definite boundary lines. This territory had been known as New France, and had been ceded by France to England in 1763. In the year 1803, HISTORY OF BUCHANAN COUNTY. 1 59 Napoleon Bonaparte sold to the United -States all territory west of the 'Mississippi River and north of Mexico, extending to the Rocky Mountains. While the public domain was the property of the colonies it was dis- posed of as follows : Each individual caused the tract he desired to purchase to be surveyed and platted. A copy of the survey was then filed with the Register of Lands, when, by paying into the state or colonial treasury an agreed price, the purchaser received a patent for the land. This method of disposing of public lands made lawsuits num- erous, owing to different surveys often including the same ground. To avoid these difficulties and effect a general measurement of the terri- tories, the United States adopted the present mode, or system, of land surveys, a description of which we give as follows : In an unsurveyed region a point of marked and changeless topo- graphical features is selected as an initial point. The .exact latitude and longitude of this point is ascertained by astronomical observation, and ■a. suitable monument of iron or stone to perpetuate the position. Through this point a true north and south line is run, which is called a Principal Meridian. This principal meridian may be extended north and south any desired distance. Along this line are placed at distances of one-half mile from each other, posts of wood or stone, or mounds of earth. These posts are said to establish the line, and are called section and quarter-section posts. Principal meridians are numbered in the order in which they are established. Through the same initial point from which the principal meridian was surveyed, another line is now run and established by mile and half-mile posts as before, in a true east and west direction. This line is called the Base Line, and like the prin- <;ipal meridian, may be extended indefinitely in either direction. These lines -form the basis of the survey of the country into townships and ranges. Township lines extend east and west parallel with the base line, at distances of six miles from the base line and from each other, dividing the country into strips six miles wide, which strips are called townships. Range lines run north and south parallel to the principal meridian, dividing the country into strips six miles wide, which strips are called ranges. Township strips are numbered from the base line and range strips are numbered from the principal meridian. Townships lying north of the base line are " townships north," those on the south are "townships south." The strip lying next the base line is township ■one, the next one to that, township two, and so on. The range strips are numbered in the same manner, counting from the principal meridian •east or west, as the case may be. The township and range lines thus divide the county into six-mile squares. Each of these squares is called a Congressional township. All north and south lines north of the equator approach each other as they i6o HISTORY OF BUCHANAN COUNTY. extend north, finally meeting at the north pole ; therefore north and south lines are not literally parallel. The east and west boundary lines- of any range being six miles apart in the latitude of Missouri or Kansas, would, in thirty miles, approach each other 2.9 chains, or 190 feet. If, therefore, the width of the range when started from the base line is made exactly six miles, it would be 2.9 chains too narrow at the distance of thirty miles, or five townships north. To correct the width of ranges and keep them to the proper width, the range lines are not surveyed in a continuous straight line, like the principal meridian, entirely across- the st^te, but only across a limited number of townships, usually five„ where the width of the range is corrected by beginning a new line on the side of the range most distant from the principal meridian, at such a point as will make the range its correct width. All range lines are cor- rected in the same manner. The last and west township line on which these corrections are made are called correction lines or standard paral- lels. The surveys of the State of Missouri were made from the fifth principal meridian, which runs through the state, and its ranges are numbered from it. The State of Kansas is surveyed and numbered from the sixth. Congressional townships are divided into thirty-six square miles, called sections, and are known by numbers, according to their position. The following diagram shows the order of numbers and the: sections in a Congressional township : -18- -10 -15- -11- I -13- -19- -21- -22- -23- -24- -28- -27 — -26- -31- I -36- Sections are divided into quarters, eighths and sixteenths, and are described by their position in the section. The full section contains 640 acres, the quarter 160, the eighth 80 and the sixteenth 40. In the fol- HISTORY OF BUCHANAN COUNTY. i6r lowing diagram of a section the position designated by a is known as the northwest quarter ; / is the northeast quarter of the northeast quar- ter ; ^ would be the south half of the southeast quarter, and would con- tain 80 acres. Sec. post. J^ Sec. post. Sec. post. y^ Sec. post. a h i rdo acres f S h c e d Sec. post. ^ Sec. post. Sec. post. 3i^ Sec. post. Congressional townships, as we have seen, are six miles squares of land, made by the township and range lines, while civil or municipal townships are civil divisions, made for purposes of government, the one having no reference to the other, though similar in name. On the county map we. see both kinds of townships — the congressional usually desig- nated by numbers and in squares ; the municipal or civil township by name and in various forms. By the measuremements thus made by the Government,, the courses- and distances are defined between any two points. St. Louis is in town- ship 44 north, range 8 east, and Independence is in township 49 north,, range 32 west ; how far, then, are Kanas City and St. Louis apart on a direct line .' St. Louis is forty townships east — 240 miles — and five townships south — thirty miles ; the base and perpendicular of a right- angled triangle, the hypothenuse being the required distance. • ORGANIZATION OF TOWNSHIPS. The "township," as the term is used in common phraseology, in many instances, is widely distinguished from that of "town," though many persons persi-st in confounding the two. " In the United States,, many of the states are divided into townshps of five, six, seven, or per- haps ten miles square, and the inhabitants of such township are vested with certain powers for regulating their own affairs, such as repairing roads and providing for the poor. The township is subordinate to the county." A "town" is simply a collection of houses, either large or small, and opposed to "country." The most important features connected, with this system of township surveys should be thoroughly understood by every intelligent farmer and 162 HISTORY OK BUCHANAN COUNTY. business man ; still there are some poirtts connected with the under- standing of it, which need close and careful attention. The law which established this system required that the north and south lines should correspond exactly with the meridian passing through that point ; also, that each township should be six miles square. To do this would be an utter impossibility, since the figure of the earth causes the meridians to converge toward the pole, making the north line of each township shorter than the south line of the same township. To obviate the errors which are, on this account, constantly occurring, correction lines are estab- lished. They are parallels bounding a line of townships on the north, when lying north of the principal base ; on the south line of townships when lying south of the principal base, from which the surveys, as they are continued, are laid out anew ; the range lines again starting at cor- rect distances from the principal meridian. In Michigan these correc- tion lines are repeated at the end of every tenth township, but in Oregon they have been repeated with evefy fifth township. The instructions to the surveyors have been that each range of townships should be made as much over six miles in width on each base and correction line as it will fall short of the same width where it closes on to the next correction line north; and it is further provided that in all cases, where the exterior lines ■of the townships shall exceed, or shall not extend six miles, the excess ■or deficiency shall be specially noted, and added to or deducted from the western or northern sections or half sections in such township, according as the error may be in running the lines from east to west, or from south to north. In order to throw the excess of deficiencies on the north and on the west sides of the township, it is necessary to survey the section lines from south to north, on a true meridian, leaving the result in the north line of the township to be governed by the convexity of the earth, and the <;€>nvergency of the meridians. Navigable rivers, lakes and islands are " meandered " or surveyed by the compass and chain along the banks. "The instruments employed on these surveys, besides the solar compass, are a surveying chain thirty- three feet long, of fifty links, and another of smaller wire, as a standard to be used for correcting the former as often at least as every other day, also eleven tally pins, made of steel, telescope, targets, tape measure and tools for marking the lines upon trees or stones. In surveying through woods, trees intercepted by the line are marked with two chips or notches, one on each side ; these are called sight or line trees. Sometimes other trees in the vicinity are blazed on two sides quartering toward the line ; but if some distance from the line the two blazes should be near together on the side facing the line. These are found to be permanent marks, not only recognizable for many years, but carrying with them their own age by the rings of growth around the blaze, which may at any subsequent time be cut out and counted as years; and the same are recognized in HISTORY OF BUCHANAN COUNTY. 163 courts of law as evidence of the date of the survey. They cannot be obliterated by cutting down the trees or otherwise, without le^iving evi- ■dence of the act. Corners are marked upon trees if found at the right •spots, or else upon posts set in the ground, and sometimes a monurnent of stones is used for a township corner, and a single stone for section ■corner; mounds of earth are made^ where there are no stones nor timber. At the corners the four adjacent sections are designated by distinct marks cut into a tree, one in each section. These trees, facing the -corner, are plainly marked with the letters B. T. (bearing tree) cut into the wood. Notches cut upon the corner posts or trees indicate the num- ber of miles to the outlines of the township, or if on the boundaries of the township, to the township corners." Recurring now to the County Court, we shall here insert, from its •"Order Book" the following extracts, defining the boundaries of the dif- ferent townships : "Ordered by the court, that Platte Township shall be bounded as follows, to wit : Commencing on the old State boundary line, where Cas- tile Creek crosses the same ; thence due west to the Platte River, so as to include all the territory lying south of that line, between the old State boundary and Platte River, down to the north line of Platte County.'' At a subsequent term, May 7th, 1839, the County Court extended the boundary lines of Platte Township as follows : "Ordered by the court, that the north boundary line of Platte Town- ■ship be extended north one mile ; thence due west to Platte River ; thence down Platte River to the county line." "Treraont Township shall be bounded on the south by Platte Town- ship ; east by the old State, boundary ; north by the Third Fork of Platte River, and west by Platte River." "Marion Township shall be bounded on the south by the Third Fork ■of Platte ; west by the Hundred and Two ; east by the old State bound- ary, and north by the north line of the state." On Tuesday, April 2nd, 1839, the court convened, pursuant to adjournment, and continued the laying out of townships, beginning with Bloomington : "The court further orders that Bloomington Township shall be bounded as follows, to wit : Beginning at the mouth of Contrary Creek ; thence up said creek to Benjamin Sampson's, so as to include said Samp- son ; thence south to the Platte County line ; thence west with the said line to the Missouri River; thence up the Missouri River to the place of beginning." "Ordered by the court, that Crawford Township be bounded as fol- lows, to wit:: On the north by Jefferson Township; west by Blooming- ton Township ; south by the north boundary of Platte County, and east by Bee Creek, as far north as Dodge's mill ; thence by a line running 164 HISTORY OF BUCHANAN COUNTY. due north from Dodge's mill, until it strikes the north boundarjr of Jef- ferson Township." " Ordered by the court, that Washington Township be bounded as follows, to wit : Beginning in the main channel of the Missouri River, at the northwest corner of Buchanan County proper ; thence east with said line to the main channel of Creek One Hundred and Two; thence with the meanders of said creek to the mouth thereof; thence down Platte River in the' main channel thereof, to the mouth of the Third Fork of saij Platte River; thence westwardly to Dr. Hubble's ; thence due west tO' the middle of the main channel of the Missouri River ; thence up said river to the beginning." There were established by the County Court, at their first term, four other townships, bearing respectively the names of Lewis, Noble,. Jefferson and Nodaway. Atchison Township was formed two years after. These, however, have no distinctive existenice now. The county was originally divided into nine large townships, called Platte, Marion, Lewis, Jefferson, Nodaway, Bloomington, Washington, Crawford and Noble. Following up the varied history of the townships, we find on the 7th day of June, 1842, Buchanan County was divided into eight municipal townships, to be called aijd designated by the names of Bloomington, Crawford, Platte, Tremont, Marion, Washington, Wayne and Centre,, and were bounded and described as follows : Bloomington Township to embrace Congressional township 55,. in range 36, and the territory west to the Missouri River. Crawford Township to embrace Congressional township 55, in range 35. Platte Township to embrace Congressional township 55, in range 34, and the territory east to the old State boundary! TremOnt Township to embrace Congressional township 56^ in range 34, and the territory east to the old State boundary. Marion Township to embrace Congressional township' 57, in range 34, and the territory east to the old State boundary. Washington Township to embrace Congressional township 57, in range 35, and the territory west to the Missouri River. Wayne Township to embrace Congressional toiwnship 56, in range 36. Centre Township to embrace Congressional township 56, in range 3?. Agency Township was formed in 1876, and is bounded as follows: All that portion of Congressional township 56, range 34, west of Platte River, beginning at Platte River, on township line between 56 and 57 ; tjience west to the northwest corner of section 6,, township 56, range 34; thence south to the southwest corner of section 31,, township 56,, range HISTORY OF BUCHANAN COUNTY. 165 34; thence east to Platte River, including all that part of said township that was at the time attached to Washington and Centre. Townships. Rush Township was formed in August, 1842, and embraces all that portion of Bloomington Township west of the range line, dividing ranges 36 and 37, and south of the township line dividing townships 55 and 56 to the Missouri River. ^ In August, 1842, the boundary lines of Crawford Township were extended east to the range line dividing towns thirty-four and thirty- five, said range line being made the dividing line between Crawford and Jackson Townships. On the 27th of June, 1842, the court changed the boundaries of Marlon and Washington Townships, by attaching all of Marion Town- ship west of One Hundred and Two and Platte Rivers, to Washington Township, and locating the line dividing said townships on the west bank of the Platte River, where the township line, dividing towns fifty- six and fifty-seven intersects the same ; thence up Platte River to the mouth of the One Hundred and Two ; thence up the One Hundred and Two to the line dividing the counties of Buchanan and Andrew, and attaching all the territory north of Washington Township and south of the county line dividing the counties of Buchanan and Andrew, and attaching also, all the territory north of Marion Township and south of the county line to Marion Township. PLACES FOR HOLDING FIRST ELECTIONS. "Ordered by the court that an election be held in the several town- ships in this county, for the election of two Justices of the Peace for each township, and one Constable ; the election to be held on Saturday, the 27th day of this month, and at the following places, to wit : In Platte Township, at the house of John Henry, and that John Henry, James B. Glenn, and Richard Chaney, Sr., be appointed judges thereof" "In Tremont Township, at Donnell's store, and that George Jeffers, John S. Johnson, and John Benton be appointed judges thereof " In the Township of Marion, at the house of Benjamin Cornelius, and that Benjamin Cornelius, James Watters and Anderson B. Gregory be appointed judges thereof "In Bloomington Township, at the town of Bloomington, and that David May, Abraham Womach and James L. Mulkey, be appointed judges thereof " In Crawford Township, at West Point, and that Nathan T. Frakes, George W. Taylor and Henry Hensby be appointed judges thereof " In Noble Township, at the house of Pleasant Yates, and that Ben- jamin McCrary, Elisha Smith and Millford Gilmore be appointed judges thereof . 1 66 HISTORY OF BUCHANAN COUNTY. "In Lewis Township, at the house of William Stephenson, and that Thomas Crowley, William Thorp and Isaac Massa be appointed judges, thereof. In Nodaway Township, at Elliott's store, and that James Officer, Robert Elliott and Francis Wrightman be appointed judges thereof. " In Jefferson Township at Jamestown, and that George S. Nelson,. Theophilis McGruder and John Shannon be appointed judges thereof." They recommended also that a poll be opened in the townships for one County Court Justice, Richard Roberts, Esq., having either resigned or refused to act. William W. Reynolds was appointed County Assessor ; his term of ofifiice to expire at the end of the year 1839. ROADS. On the 7th of May, 1839, the County Court at its second term, held at the house of Joseph Robidoux, at Blacksnake Hills, began the work of laying out roads. Many applications upoa the part of the citizens residing in different portions of the county, had in the meantime (since the adjournment), been filed with the clerk, praying an order for the establishment of roads. These were taken up by the court and acted upon as follows : , "On application of Frederick Waymire, the court appoints Richard Hill, William Cogdil and Claybourne F. Parmer to view, mark 'and locate a road from S. H. Bell and F. Waymire's mill site, on Contrary Creek, thence the nearest and best way to Pennick's store or West Point, who shall make report at the next term of this court." "On application of Frederick Waymire, the court appoints H. W. Planson, Samuel C. Hall and John H. Whitehead, to view, mark and locate a road from S. H. Bell and F. Waymire's mill site, on Contrary Creek ; thence the nearest and best way to Robidoux's, on the Missouri River, and that they make report at the next term of this court." "On application of James Gilmore, the court appoints Robert Irvin, Robert Gilmore and James Davis, to view, mark, and locate a road from Joseph Jenkin's, at the line of Clinton County, crossing Platte at Gil- more and Dixon's Mill, thence the nsarest and best route to Robidoux's on the Missouri, and make report at the next term of this court." "On application of Jamss Gilmore, the court appoints William Poe, Jarvis McCorkle and George Jeffers, to view, mark and locate from Joel Burnam's, at the Clinton County line, to Gilmore and Dixon's Mill, thence intersecting a road about to be established, leading from Jenkin's to Robidoux's, and make report at the next term of this court." " On application of Robert Elliott, the court appoints William Clemens, Joel Estes and Ezekiel W. Smith to view, mark and locate a HISTORY OF BUCHANAN COUNTY. 1 6/ road from Gilmore's mill, on Platte River, to the rapids of Nodaway, by way of Elliott's store, and make report to this court at the next term." These were the first roads made by authority of law in the county of Buchanan. FERRIES. i Whoever will take the trouble' of examining the map of Buchanan County will see that the country is traversed by a number of large streams, which even at this day cannot be crossed during a greater por- tion of the year without the medium of bridges or some other appliance. The difficulty of crossing the streams was even greater in earlier days than now, as it is a fact that there were at that time jnore freshets, and a higher stage of water in the streams than now. While the Indians were occupying the territory now embraced in the limits of the county, one or two persons were permitted by government to locate within the county and operate a ferry; especially was this the case at Agency Ford. At a later day, however, after the county was organized, these ferries were under the direct control of the County Court, who, in consideration of an annual fee, licensed certain persons to operate them. The County Court, moreover, upon issuing said license, prescribed the rate of toll to be charged, and in other respects looked after their management. Public policy dictated that the supervision of the ferries should be rigid, for by their mismanagement commerce and travel would be mate- rially interfered with, and in some cases entirely interrupted. The first person regularly licensed as a ferryman was Julius C. Robi- doux, who was authorized to maintain a ferry across the Missouri River at Blacksnake Hills, on the 7th day of May, 1839. The record is as follows: "Ordered by the Court, that Julius C. Robidoux be licensed to keep a ferry on the Missouri River, in the county of Buchanan, at Robidoux's Landing, for the term of one year from this date, and that he pay a -tax therefor the sum of four dollars for state purposes, and four dollars for county purposes, and fix the rates of ferriage as follows : For each four-wheeled carriage drawn by four horses, oxen or other animals $150 For each two-horse carriage drawn by two horses, or oxen or other animals i . 00 For each one-horse carriage drawn by one horse, mule or ass .... 50 For each man and horse, or mule 25 For each footman 12^ For each led horse, mule or ass 12^ For each head of cattle 10 For each head of hogs or sheep 3 During the following December, John Ellington was licensed to keep a ferry. The following was the order of the Court : Ordered that John l68 HISTORY OF BUCHANAN COUNTY. Ellington be licensed to keep a ferry on the Nodaway River, at the Pot- awattamie crossing, for t?ie term of one year from this date, and that he pay a tax therefor of two dollars and fifty cents for state purposes, and the same amount for county purposes, and that he be allowed to charge the following rates of ferriage, to wit : Loaded w'agon and team $ i . oo Empty do So ' Two-horse wagon and team 75 Empty do 37^ Man and horse I2| Footmaji ■ ■ ■ 6^ Single horse , 6| Cattle per head 5 Sheep or hogs per head 3 There were other ferries licensed in various parts of the county which were of great service to the settlers and emigrants passing through, and at the same time they were a source of some little revenue to the county, and repaid the owners of them liberal rewards for the labor of operating them and the capital invested. CHAPTER VIII. THE FIRST RECORDS. The original real estate records are still in existence. The 'book in ■which they are recorded contains 478 pages, and although its leaves "have become yellowed and soiled by time, it is in a good state of pre- servation. Here are found, promiscuously recorded, mortgages, bills of sale, chattel mortgages, powers of attorney, indentures of apprentice- ship, warranty deeds, etc. The character of the penmanship and the ■orthography are generally good. Bills of sale, mortgages and deeds, were in early times usually drawn up by justices of the peace, who, while they were men of good judgment, of unimpeachable integrity, were fre- ■quently unlearned and unlettered, as nearly all the early records tes- tify, yet the early records of Buchanan County are generally an exception to this rule. The fact must not be lost sight of, however, that the early officials of the newly organized counties in this western coun- try, were hardy backwoodsmen, whose continual struggle for a livelihood precluded the possibility of devoting any time to self culture. In reproducing some of these first records it is not with a view to ridicule those brave, busy pioneers of justice, but to satisfy a curiosity to behold what is novel and ancient. The first record is that of the order of the appointment of Circuit Court and County Court Clerks, which is as follows : ""To all who shall see these presents — Greeting: "Know ye that reposing especial trust and confidence in the integ- rity and abilities of Edwin Toole, I do hereby appoint him Clerk of the Circuit Court for the County of Buchanan in the State of Missouri, and ■do authorize and empower him to discharge the duties of said office with all the powers, privileges and emoluments to the same of right apper- taining until the general election in the year 1840; and until his suc- cessor is elected and qualified. "Given under my hand as Judge of the fifth Judicial Circuit, in the State of Missouri, the i6th day of February, 1839. AUSTIN A. KING. State of Missouri, set. : I, Edwin Toole, do hereby swear that I will support the constitution of the United States, and of the State of Missouri, and that I will faith- 172 HISTORY OF BUCHANAN COUNTY.. fully discharge the duties of Clerk of the Circuit Court for Buchanan County, during my continuance in office. EDWIN TOOLE. The above oath of office taken and subscribed before me, the undersigned, this first day of March, 1839. AUSTIN A. KING, Judge, etc. The above commission was filed 8th of March, 1839. EDWIN TOOLE, Recorder. To all \yho shall see these presents greeting: Know ye that reposing especial trust and. confidence in the integ^ rity and abilities of William Fowler, we, Samuel Johnson and William Harrington, Justices of the County Court of Buchanan County and State of Missouri, do hereby appoint him, the said William Fowler, clerk of the County Court of Buchanan, in the aforesaid state, and do author- ize and erripower him to discharge the duties of said office according to law. And to have and to hold said office, with all the power, privileges and emoluments to the same of right appertaining, until the general election in the year 1840, and until his successor is elected and qualified. Given under our hands as Justices of the County Court of Buchanan County, in the State of Missouri, the 1st day of April, 1839. STATE OF MISSOURI, County of Buchanan, I, William Fowler, do hereby swear that I will support the Consti- tution of the United States and of the State of Missouri, and that I will faithfully discharge the duties of Clerk of the County Court of Buchanan County during my continuance in office. WILLIAM FOWLER. The above oath of office taken and subscribed in open court this 1st April, 1839. SAMUEL JOHNSON, WILLIAM HARRINGTON, The above filed for record ist April, 1839. EDWIN TOOLE, Recorder. The above mentioned were the first clerks of the Circuit and County Courts of Buchanan County, and in obedience to the custom of that day, were appointed by the judges of said courts. S. M. Gillmore was the first appointed sheriff of the county, and Peter H. Burnett, afterward Governor of California, first prosecuting attorney. At the general election, held on the first Monday in August, 1840, William Fowler received 979 votes for the office of Circuit Clerk. There being no other person voted for, he was declared duly elected to the office of Circuit Clerk for the term of six years. At the same election Samuel M. Gilmore was elected sheriff to serve two years. HISTORY OF BUCHANAN COUNTY. 1 73 The following is the bond filed by the latter officer : Know all men by these presents : That we, Samuel M. Gilmore as principal, and James Gilmore and Frederick Waymire as security, acknowledge ourselves to owe and be indebted to the State of Missouri, in the sum of seven thousand dollars, well and truly to be paid, we bind ourselves, our heirs, executors, administrators and assigns firmly by these presents. Witness our hands and seals this 2Sth day of August, 1840. The condition of the above obligation is sueh, that if the above bound Samuel M. Gilmore shall faithfully perform all the duties of sheriff of Buchanan County, in the State of Missouri aforesaid, according to law, for the term of two years, and until his successor is elected and qualified, and pay over all moneys that may come into his hands, by virtue of his office, to those entitled, and all things faithfully do and perform, touching the duties of the office of sheriff aforesaid, then this obligation to be null and void, otherwise to remain in full force and virtue. Signed and sealed this day and date above written. SAMUEL M. GILMORE. [seal.] JAMES GILMORE. [seal.] F. WAYMIRE. [SEAL.] Witness : EDWIN ToOLE. I, Edwin Toole, Clerk of the Circuit Court in and for the County of of Buchanan, and State of Missouri, do certify that I approve the penalty and security of the within bond. This 25th day of August, A. D. 1840. EDWIN TOOLE, Clerk. Note. — In the body of the above bond the following words are interlined, to wit : for the term of two years and until his successor is elected and qualified. And in the approval of the clerk a part of the second line is erased, and the words "of Buchanan and" visibly written. The above bond was delivered for record August 24, 1840. WILLIAM FOWLER, Recorder. The first record after the appointment of Edwin Toole as Circuit Clerk and the appointment of William Fowler, Clerk of the County Court, is the following : MORTGAGE. This indenture, made the I4tb March, 1839, between Joseph Wages and Zachariah Moreland, both of the County of Buchanan and State of Missouri. Whereas, the said Zachariah Moreland has this day stayed two judgments, one for two months and one for four months, for said Joseph Wages, which said judgments were lately obtained by J. & J. Long, before E. Toole, J. P., for the sum of $77. igcts; and the said Joseph Wages, being desirous to secure and save the said Moreland against all responsibility in a certain recognizance in which said More- 174 HISTORY OF BUCHANAN COUNTY. land bound himself in relation to said judgments, Therefore, this indenture witnesseth that the said Joseph Wages, as well for and in consideration of securing the said Moreland from the payment of the said judgments aforesaid, as the sum of one dollar to him, the said Wages, in hand paid, by the said Zachariah Moreland, at and before the sealing and delivery hereof, the receipt whereof is hereby acknowledged, hath granted, bargained, and sold, released and confirmed unto the said, Zachariah Moreland, one bay horse, two milch cows, seven head of sheep, to have and to hold the above mentioned property, to him the said, Zachariah Moreland and his assigns, forever. Provided always, never- theless, that if the said Joseph Wages shall and truly pay said judgments above mentioned, or cause them to be paid, then this deed of mortgage shall cease, determine and become absolutely null and void, anything herein contracted, to the contrary notwithstanding. In witness whereof, I have hereunto set my hand and seal, the day and date above written. his JOSEPH XI WAGES, [seal.] mark. Teste : Edwin Toole. The above filed for record 5th April, 1839. EDWIN TOOLE, Recorder. DEED OF GIFT. Know all men by these presents : That I, Lewis Gresham of the County of Buchanan and State of Mis- souri, in consideration of the natural love and affection which I have and bear unto my two beloved daughters, Margaret and Louisa Perlina, and also for divers other good causes, and considerations in the said Lewis Gresham hereunto moving, have given, granted and confirmed, and by these presents, do give, grant, and confirm unto the said Margaret and Louisa Perlina, all and singular, a certain negro girl slave, named Elizabeth, between fourteen and fifteen years of age. Also three cows and calves ; fifteen head of sheep, twenty head of hogs, and one bed and furniture, to have, hold and enjoy all and singular, the said negro girl slave, and the said goods, chattels, and personal estate, aforesaid, unto the said Margaret and Louisa Perlina, their executors administrators, and assigns forever. And I, the said Lewis Gresham, all and singular, the said negro girl slave, and the said goods and chattels, personal estate and other the premises to the said Margaret' and Louisa Perlina, their executors, administrators and assigns, against the said Lewis Gresham, my execu- tors and administrators, and all and every other person and persons whatsoever, shall and will warrant and forever defend by these presents, of all and singular, which said negro girl slave, with the aforesaid goods, chattels, personal estate, and other the premises, I, the said Lewis Gresham, have put the said Margaret and Louisa Perlina in full posses- sion, by delivering to them the said negro girl, named Elizabeth, as a slave forever, at the time of sealing and delivering of these presents, in the name of the whole premises hereby granted. HISTORY OF BUCHANAN COUNTY. 1 75 In witness whereof, I, the said Lewis Gresham, have hereunto set my hand and seal, this 25th day of June, in the year of our Lord, one thousand eight hundred and thirty-nine. LEWIS GRESHAM. [seal.] Signed and sealed in the presence of William Fowler. STATE OF MISSOURI, , ^^ . i- County of Buchanan, Be it remembered, that on this 25th day of June, A. D. 1839, Lewis Gresham, the grantor named in the foregoing deed of gift, personally appeared before me, the undersigned Clerk of the County Court, within and fo'r the county aforesaid, and acknowledging the signing and sealing of the same to be his act and deed, for the purposes therein mentioned. Given under my hand, the day and year above written. WILLIAM FOWLER, Clerk. The next instrument recorded is a will, the first will on record which is as follows : . I, William Monroe, of the County of Buchanan, and State of Mis- souri, do make and publish this, my last will and testament, in manner and following, that is to say : First — It is my will that my funeral expenses and all my just debts be fully paid. Second — It is my will and I do hereby give to my eldest son, Thomas Monroe, 'the sum of four hundred dollars, and to his heirs and assigns forever, to be paid to him or to his heirs and assigns by my executor on the ist day of May next, as his full, complete and entire portion of my estate forever. Third — I give to my second son, Daniel Monroe, the' sum of four hundred dollars, and to his heirs and assigns forever, to be paid to him or to his heirs and assigns by my executor on the first day of May next, as his full, complete and entire portion of my estate forever. Fourth — I give to my oldest daughter, Eleanor Douglass, the sum of two hundred dollars, and to her heirs and assigns forever, to be paid to her or her heirs by my executor on the ist day of May next, as her complete and entire portion of my estate forever. Fifth — I give to my second daughter, Susan Burris, the sum of four hundred dollars, and to her heirs and assigns forever, to be paid to her or to her heirs and assigns by my executor on the ist day of May next, as her complete and entire portion of my estate forever. Sixth — I give to my third daughter, Frances Reynolds, the note I hold against her husband (Reuben R. Reynolds), for the amount of sev- enty-seven dollars and thirty-six cents, principal and interest, up to this date. Said note was due August the ist, 1838, and is dated and bears ten per cent, interest from the above date August ist, 1838, to have and to hold to her heirs and assigns forever as and for her complete and entire portion of my estate forever. Seventh — I give to the heirs of my fourth daughter, Elizabeth Kuaur, the sum of four hundred dollars, to be paid to them or to their lawful guardian, by my executor on the ist day of May next, as their complete and entire portion of my estate forever. 176 HISTORY OF BUCHANAN COUNTY. Eighth — I give to my fifth daughter, Nancy Thorp, the sum of four hundred dollars, and to her heirs and assigns forever, to be paid to her or to her heirs by my executor on the 1st of May next, as her complete and entire portion of my estate forever. Ninth — I give, devise and bequeath to my third son, Samuel Mon- roe, my two servant boys, namely, Sam and John, to have and to hold to his heirs and assigns forever. Also I give to the said Samuel Monroe, the farm on which I now live, situate in the attached part of Buchanan County, and State of Missouri, and known as the northwest quarter of section No. 10, township No. 57, range No. 35, to have and to hold the said farm, together with all the appurtenance thereunto belonging (either as a pre-emption right, or as certified and patented to me from Government), to his heirs and assigns forever. Tenth — I give to my fourth son, Peter Monroe, my two servants, namely Emma and Mary Ann, to have and to hold, and to his heirs and assigns forever. Eleventh — After the above distribution is fully made, it is my will and I do hereby devise and bequeath the entire balance of my estate, either personal or real, to my two sons, Samuel Monroe and Peter Mon- roe, to their entire use and equal enjoyment, and. to their heirs and assigns forever. Twelfth — And, lastly, I hereby constitute and appoint my said son Samuel Monroe to be the executor to this my last will and testament, revoking and annulling all former wills by me made, and ratifying and confirming this, and no other to be my last will and testament. In testimony whereof I have hereunto set my hand and seal this twenty-first day of July, A. D. one thousand, eight hundred and forty. WILLIAM MONROE, [seal.] Signed, published and delared by the above named William Mon- roe as and for his last will and testament in presence of us who, at his request, have signed as witnesses to the same. C: M. JOHNSON, JOHN W. SAMUEL. The above will was filed for record October 3, 1840. Witness : WILLIAM FOWLER, Recorder. Cupid, the God of Love, whose universal sway over the hearts and affections of mankind has been commensurate with the history of our race, early manifested his presence among the pioneers of Buchanan County, as will be seen from the following verbatim copies of a few of the earlier marriages ; Feb. 14, 1839. United James Nichols and Francis Smith in bonds of matrimony. March 12, 1839. United David Granf and America Gilliam in bonds, of matrimony. March 19, 1839. United Solomon Shelton and Judith Nichols in the bonds of matrimony. March 21. United Henry and Vienna Halman in the bonds of matrimony. HISTORY OF BUCHANAN COUNTY. 1/7 STATE OF MISSOURI, County OF. Buchanan. ^'^^^ I do hereby certify that the bonds of matrimony between Noel Hen- derson and Caroline Arnold, both of the county and state aforesaid, were solemnized by me on the 17th of January, 1839. A licensed minister of the Gospel. VINCENT SNELLING. COMMONWEALTH OF MISSOURI, ) Buchanan County, f ^^' I do hereby certify that on the 7th day of March, A. D. 1839, I united together in the rites of matrimony, as husband and wife, Mr. Abel Herrington and Miss Rebecca C. Gilmore. Given under my hand this 15th day of April, A. D. 1839. ABRAHAM MILICE, Ordained Minister of the Gospel. COMMONWEALTH OF MO., ) County of Buchanan, j ^^' I do hereby certify that on the 20th day of March, A. D. 1839, I 'united together in the rites of matrimony, as husband and wife, Mr. Page Stanley and Miss Catharine Williams. Given under my hand this 7th day of May, A. D. 1839. JESSE F. WIXON, Ordained Minister of the Gospel. I hereby certify that I solemnized the bonds of matrimony, on the 31st day of March, 1839, between Samuel Walkup and Louisa Round- tr.ee, all of Buchanan County, State of Missouri. Given under my hand, April 13, 1839. SINGLETON ASHER, O. M. STATE OF MISSOURI, JBuchanan County, I do hereby certify that on the 23d day of May, A. D. 1839, 1 joined together, by the rites of matrimony, Mr. Ransom H. Trusty and Miss Mary Ann Muzinzo. Given under my hand this 1st day of .June, 1839. JESSE F. WIXON, O. M. April 7, 1839. This day solemnized a marriage between Jesse Blivens and Rosa Toner, both of the County of Buchanan, and State of Missouri. JOHN MARTIN, J. P. Buchanan County, Mo. : I, Mathias Cline, do certify, that the bonds of matrimony between Daniel Vestil and Mary Jane Snelling were solemnized by me, both then 178 HISTORY OF BUCHANAN COUNTY. of the County of Platte, thought to be, but since the survey, of the county- of Buchanan, on the 7th of March, 1839. MATHIAS CLINE, Justice of the Peace. STATE OF MISSOURI, ) County of Buchanan. ) This is to certify, that on the 15th day of May, 1839, in the presence- of Henry Noland and Joel Parker, I did join together in matrimony;. William Kitcher and Angeline Yates, both of Buchanan County. Given under my hand, this 22nd day of May, 1839. THOMAS B. RUBLE, O. M. G. STATE OF MISSOURI, ) County of Buchanan, f I, Zachariah Linville, a preacher of the Gospel, do certify, that om the 2ist day of August, 1839, I united in marriage, John Allison to Dicy Trapp, both of lawful age. Given under my hand, this 17th of November, 1839. ZACHARIAH LINVILLE. To the Clerk of Buchanan County, Mo. : This is to certify, that on the 17th Nov., 1839, in the presence of John Riggin and others, I joined together in wedlock, Mr. John W^ " Woods and Miss Joanna Stokes, both of Buchanan County, Mo. Given under my hand, this 27th Nov. 1839. T. B. RUBLE, Ordained Minister of the Gospel in M. E. church. The marriages above mentioned occurred forty-two years ago. The contracting parties, if still living, would be more than three-score years of age. In those primitive days, among the early settlers, marriages, we are persuaded, were the result of love. There was not only a union of hands, but a union of hearts. The pioneer maiden made the faithful wife, and the sturdy backwoodsman the fond and trusted husband. During 1839, there were recorded forty-one marriages, and in 1880- there were four hundred and three. CHAPTER IX. FIRST COURT HOUSE. FIRST COURT HOUSE— FURTHER EXTRACTS FROM COUNTY COURT RECORDS-EARLV PAPERS ON FILE— CIRCUIT COURT DOCKET-FIRST CASES -BILLS OF INDICTMENT CHANCERY COURT DOCKET. Notwithstanding the fact, that a large number, probably a majority^ of the people in every county, have very little practical experience in the courts, and although they have the legal capacity to sue and be sued,- never improve their opportunities, and never appear in court,, unless it be on compulsion as witnesses or jurors ; yet, as the one great conservator of peace, and as the final abiter in case of individual or neighborhood disputes, the court is distinguished above and apart from' all and every other institution of the land, and not only the proceedings of the court, but the place of holding court, is a matter of interest to the average reader. Not only so, but in many counties the court house was the first,, and usually the only public building in the county. The first court houses were not very elaborate buildings, to be sure,, but they are enshrined in memories that the present never can know. Their uses were general, rather than special, and so constaxitly were they in use, day and night when the court was in session, and when it was not in session, for judicial, educational, religious and social pur- poses, that the doors of the old court houses like the gates of gospell grace, stood open night and day, and the small amount invested in those old hewn-logs, and rough benches, returned a much better rate of inter- est on the investment, than do those stately piles of brick or granite > which have taken their places. The memorable court house of early times was a house adapted to- a variety of purposes, and had a career of great usefulness. School was taught, the gospel preached and justice dispensed within its substantial walls. Then it served frequently as a resting place for weary travelers, and indeed its doors always swung on easy hinges. On the fourth day of January, 1841, the County Court of Buchanan County (Stephen Jones being at the time President of said court) made an order relative to the building of a court house at Sparta. The court had held its sessions at Richard Hill's, near Rock House Prairie, and at the house of Joseph Rpbidoux, since April, 1839. The l8o HISTORY OF BUCHANAN COUNTY. accommodations of these places were meagre, and the expense to the county had been considerable. The following is the order of the court in reference thereto : "Ordered by the court, that a building be erected on the lot No. i, ■'in block No. 17, in the town of Sparta, to be used as a court house and 'clerk's office, until other and more suitable public buildings can be pro- vided, of the following description, to wit: to consist of two rooms, one 'eighteen feet by twenty ; the other eighteen feet by sixteen, with a par- tition wall between ; the wall to be fifteen feet high, nine feet between the first and second floors. The walls to be of logs, hewn to the thick- ness of six inches, and to face twelve inches ; two good substantial "floors, the joints and sleepers not to exceed two feet apart ; the floors to ibe of inch and a quarter oak or ash. Plank well seasoned and laid square joints. A good and substantial roof of eighteen-inch shingles, and sheet-, ing to be of good quality. Two twelve-light windows in each room below, glass ten by twelve, and a six-light window in each gable, and glass the same size ; a batten door in each of the lower rooms and a partition door of the same kind, all to be made of durable timber. The cracks to- be pointed with lime mortar; the building to be underpinned with rock,, eight inches above the level of the ground. The large room to be com- pleted by the third Monday in March next, and the other by the third Monday in July next. The whole to be done in a good and workman- like manner. And it is further ordered that John Sampson be appointed to superintend the erection of said building." The contractor of this rude structure was Guilford Moultray, who obligated himself, in accordance with the order of the court, to finish the building in July following. The plan of the building was furnished by George W. Nixon and William Fowler, who received therefor the sum of ten dollars. It was a large house, the largest perhaps in the county, when it was built. In it were located the several county offices., and there met that august assemblage known as the Circuit Court, \where the vocal, and not unfrequently muscular, pioneer attorneys had' full scope for the employment of their varied powers, both physical and intellectual. The old Sparta bar was one of which the attorneys of Buchanan County may well be proud. They were, indeed, without a single exception, able men ; men who not only stood at the head of 4heir profession in after years, but many of them attained honorable -positions in the State and National Legislatures. If the old settlers are to be believed, the old log court house at :^parta often rang on the pioneer Sabbath with a more stirring eloquence than enlivens the pulpits of the present time. Many of the earliest ministers have officiated within its walls, and if those old walls could ■ speak, they would doubtless tell rriariy a strange tale of pioneer religion ]that is now lost forever. HISTORY OF BUCHANAN COUNTY. l8l To that old court house, ministers came of different faiths, but all eager to expound the simple truths of a sublime and beautiful religion, and point out for comparison the thorny path of duty and the primrose way of dalliance. Often have those old walls given back the echoes of those who sang the songs of Zion, and many an erring wanderer has. had his heart moved to repentance thereby more strongly than ever by the strains of homely eloquence. With Monday morning the old building changed in character, and men went thither seeking not the mercy of God, but the justice of man. The scales were held with an even hand. Those who presided knew every ma,n in the county, and they dealt out substantial justice, and the broad principles of natural equity prevailed. Children came here to school, and sat at the foot of teachers who knew little more than themselves ; but, however humble the teacher's acquirements he was hailed as a wise man and a benefactor, and his les- sons were heeded with attention. The old people of the settlement went there to discuss their own affairs, and learn from visiting attorneys the news from the grgat world, so far away to the southward and east- ward. In addition to the orderly assemblies which formally gathered there, other meetings no less notable occurred' It was a sort of a forum whither all classes of people went for the purpose of loafing and gossiping, and telling and hearing some new thing. As a general thing, the first court house, after having served the purpose of its erection, and having served that purpose well, was torn down and conveyed to the rear of some remote lot, and thereafter was made to serve the purpose of an obscure cow stable on some dark alley. The old court house at Sparta, however, after having accomplished its mission, was used for a much higher and nobler purpose, having been converted into a granary — a receptacle for that which ultimately sustains the physical wants of both man and beast. There is little of the poetic and romantic in the make-up of Western society, and the old court house, after the removal of the county-seat, ceased to be regarded with reverence and awe. It was then looked upon as only the aggregation of so many oak or hickory logs, and the practi- cal eye of the modern citizen could see nothing in it but the aforesaid logs, and in his estimate of its value nothing but calculation relative to the number of bushels of wheat or corn which these reconstructed logs would contain, were the only conditions bearing on those estimates. In a new country, where every energy of the people is necessarily employed in the practical work of earning a living, and the always urgent and ever present question of bread and butter is up for solution, people cannot be expected to devote- much time to the poetic and ideal. It therefore follows that nothing was retained as a useless relic which could l82 HISTORY OF BUCHANAN COUNTY. be turned to some utility; but it is a shame that the people of modern' times have such little reverence for the relics of former days. After these houses ceased to be available for business purposes they should have been preserved, to have at least witnessed the semi-centennial of the country's history. It is sad that in their hurry to grow rich, so few have care even for the work of their own hands. How many of the early settlers have preserved their first habitations ? The sight of that humble cabin would be a source of much consolation in old age, as it reminded the owner of the trials and triumphs of other times, and its presence would go far toward reconciling the coming generation with their lot when comparing its lowly appearance with the modern residence, whose extensive apartments are beginning to be too unpretentious for the enter- prising sport of the irrepressible "Young Americans." Further extracts from the " Order Book " of the County Court : Wednesday Morning, July 3d, 1839. Court met pursuant to adjournment. Present as on yesterday. Samuel M. Gilmore, Collector, makes the following settlement with the court : Dr. to tax collected on merchants' license for state purposes. . . .$10.00 Ad valorem 2.50 To tax on grocers' license for state purposes 27.50 Ad valorem 2.77^ To tax on auction license for state purposes lo.oo To tax on ferry, do 4.00 $56.77^. To tax on merchants for county purposes $10.00 To tax on grocers, " " .... 25.00 To tax on auctioneers, " " 5.00 To tax on ferry, " " 4.00' $44.00 " The court orders that for the purpose of defraying the expenses of Buchanan County for the year 1839, the sum of one fourth of one per cent., upon the assessed value of all property made taxable by law for state purposes, shall be levied, and a tax on all licenses made taxable by law for state purposes, equal to the state tax on the same. From the proceedings of the February term of 1840, we make the following extract : "Matthew M. Hughes, who was appointed by the Governor Sur- veyor, to ascertain, survey and establish the boundaries of the counties of Platte and Buchanan, agreeably to the provisions of an act entitled "An act to organize the counties of Platte and Buchanan, and to define the boundaries of the same, approved December 31st, 1838," comes now HISTORY OF BUCHANAN COUNTY. 183 into court and makes his report, together with a plot or map of the county of Buchanan, which report is as follows, to wit : "To the Hon. County Court of Buchanan County, State of Missouri : I received from his Excellency, Lilburn W. Boggs, Governor of the State of Missouri, a commission, authorizing me to define and establish the boundaries of Platte and Buchanan Counties, agreeable to an act of the Legislature of said state, approved December 31, 1838, by which said acts I am required to report to your honorable body the boundaries of your county as established by me. I commenced on the northwest corner of Platte County, in the centre of the main channel of the Missouri River, and ran up the same, with its various meanders, forty-two miles and fifty-two chains, which constitutes the western boundary of your county ; thence I run a due east course, marking each fore and aft tree with a blaze and two chops, and trees on each side in the way pointing to the line of fourteen miles and twenty-seven chains to a stake in the old State line, or the line of Clinton County, which constitutes your northern boundary ; then south twenty miles and fifty-two chains along said line to the northeast corner of Platte County, which constitutes your eastern boundary ; thence west along the line of Platte County twenty-seven miles and forty chains to the beginning,-which constitutes your southern boundary, containg four hundred square miles. I have also furnished you with a plot or map, representing Buchanan County. All of which is submitted and reported to your honorable body. Jan. 8, 1840. MATTHEW M. HUGHES." The county_of Buchanan paid Mr. Hughes for his services in sur- veying the county the sum of ninety-four dollars. The first license authorizing the sale of intoxicating drinks to a dram-shop keeper was issued by the County Court at its May term in 1841, the order for the same being as follows : "Ordered by the Court, that Barr & Custer be licensed to keep a dram-shop in the town of Sparta, for six months, ending the seventh day of December, 1 841 ; and that they pay a tax therefor of fifteen dollars for • state purposes, and the same amount for county purposes." EARLY PAPERS ON FILE. Among the early papers on file in the County Clerk's office, we find the following : The Hon. The County Court of Buchanan County at their October Ses- sion, 1,840. Your petitioner, the undersigned, would present to your Honors, that he is by the act of an overruling Providence, rendered unable to make a living by his own exertions ; the rheumatism by long continu- ance, having distorted his limbs, and deprived him of their ordinary use. 184 HISTORY OF BUCHANAN COUNTY. He therefore prays your Honorable body, to take his 'case under consid- eration, and make such provision for him, in his afflictions as the circum- stances of his case require.* his HENRY X FULKS. Witness : mark. George Weaver. "The Honorable the County Court of Buchanan County we the undersigned citizens of y^^c/^z'i' township beg leave to represent to your Honorable body the emprapriety of attaching said township to the town- ship of Washington as we ar ?ieber able to hold an elections there/orre will eier pray. G. W. Taylor, Prior Singleton, William Bell, thomas Walker, William Chestnut, Christian Emnick, Benjamin Essmon, James D. Nonss, George Shanks, Tho.mas Deroviss, William Rector, Thomas madox, Enoch Devorss, John M. Dyer, Joseph H. Thomas, Solomon Dills, Arnot Groomes, Hensori Devoss." Simon Davis, I hereby certify that the within account was allowed at the July term of the Buchanan Court, and ordered to be certified to Buchanan County Court for payment, which is certified August 7th, 1840. EDWIN TOOLE, Clerk. The County of Buchanan, Dr., To Joseph Robidoux. To the use of a room for the accommodation of the County Court of said County for two days, at and during their May session, £839, at two dollars per day $4.00 Do. do. during the July session of said Court, for three days at two dollars per day 6.00 Do. do. during the August session of said Court, for two days, at two dollars per day 4.00 Do. do. during the October session, for two days 4.OO Do. do. at and during the November session, one day 2.00 For furnishing said Court with a room and fuel for two days, at three dollars per day 6.00 Total . . $30.00 Dec. II, 1839. One among the most ancient orders of the County Court, and one that will be read with some degree of curiosity by the present inhabi- tants, is the following : * Mr. FuUs was allowed $15 for three monihs HISTORY OF BUCHANAN COUNTY. 1 85 Ex-parte : On this day, Stephen Groves, a free negro man, about thirty-one years of age ; about five feet seven inches high ; of a light black color ; a common laborer, applies to this court for a license to reside within this State, and having produced a certificate of citizenship from the State of Indiana, and having also produced satisfactory evidence of his good character and behavior, and entered into bond wnh security to the acceptance of the Court, as required by the statute in such cases made and provided, it is is ordered by the court here, that the said Stephen Groves be and he is hereby licensed to reside within the State, as long; as he shall be of good behavior, and no longer. CIRCUIT COURT DOCKET. t Circuit Court, July Term, 1839. STATE OF MISSOURI, 'i County of Buchanan '' ^' Be it remembered, at a Circuit Court, begun and held at the house of Joseph Robidoux, at the Blacksnake Hills, in the county of Buchanan^ and within the Fifth Judicial Circuit, in the State of Missouri, it being- the place designated for holding court in said county, on Monday, the 15th day of July, 1839, it being the third Monday in said month, before the Hon. Austin A. King, Judge of said Circuit, commissioned and assigned to hold the said court in said county. Samuel M. Gilmore, high sheriff in and for said county, returned into open court, a State writ of venire facias, issued from the court, and to him directed, for a grand jury, executed on Reuben R. Reynolds, John Henry, William Bledsoe, Elijah Martin, Abil Evans, George S. Nelson, Ezekiel W. Smith, Job McNamara, Daniel Ferrell, Hugh Copeland, Hiram Rodgers, Jesse R. Barnett, Ezra Rose, Lloyd Beall, Hugh Glenn, John Martin, and James Curl — all of whom appeared being good and lawful men of said county. Reuben R. Reynolds was then appointed foreman, who, together with his fellow jurors, was duly sworn, as a grand inquest for the State of Missouri, and for the body of the county of Buchanan, and after receiving their charge from the court, retired to consider of their pre- s'entations. This grand jury cost the county of Buchanan fifty-six dollars and seventy cents, as is shown by the following : Reuben R. Reynolds, foreman, 2 days distance from ct h, 18 miles John Henry do William Bledsoe do Elijah Martin do Abil Evans . . do George T. Nelson do Ezekiel W. Smith do Job McNamara .... do Hugh Copeland . . . . do Daniel Ferrel do Hiram Rogers . . do 18 miles. .$3.80 20 do 4.00 12 do 3.20 18 do 3.80 18 do 3.80 10 do 3.00 12 do 3.20 .3 do . .2.30 12 do . . 3.20 12 do . ■ 3.20 15 do . ■ 350 l86 HISTORY OF BUCHANAN COUNTY. Jesse B. Barnett 2 days 12 miles. .$3.20 Ezra Rose do 20 do . , 4.00 Lloyd Beall do 10 do 3.00 Hugh Glenn do . . . . 10 do 3.00 James Curl do .15 do 3.50 John Martin do 10 do 3.00 $56.70 FIRST CASES. The first case on the docket was : Andrew S. Hughes ] vs. > Petition in Debt Ishmael Davis. ) And now at this day comes the said plaintiff, and moves the court for leave to dismiss this cause. It is therefore ordered that the same be and is hereby dismissed, and also that the said defendant recover his cost by him in this behalf expended, and that he have execution therefor. George Smith ^ vs. y Appeal. W. W. Gitt. j The defendant files his motion to dismiss this case, and the motion is overruled. Therefore it is ordered that this cause be continued until next term of court. Assault and Battery, Henry Fisher vs. Larkin Thompson and Moses Thompson. And now at this day comes the plaintiff, and moves the court for leave to dismiss his cause. It is therefore ordered that the same be and is hereby dismissed, and also that the said defeadants recover their costs by them, in this behalf expended, and that they have execution therefor. BILLS OF INDICTMENT. Grand jury returned into court the following bills of indictment all endorsed "true bills" and signed by Reuben R. Reynolds their foreman, to wit : The State of Missouri vs. Theophilus Magruder, for betting at a game of chance by means of a pack of cards ; same vs. James Herring for same offense ; same vs. Peter P. Fulkerson ; same' vs. Washington W. Gitt; same vs. Samuel Moss; same vs. William Yates ; same vs. Elijah Bunton ; same vs. Thomas Simpson ; same vs. James Duncan ; same vs. Emsley Rose ; same vs. Elijah Smith, Jr. ; same vs. James Wood ; same vs. James Peebly; same vs. Elisha Gladden ; same vs. Sampson L. Stans- berry ; same vs. Sabert SoUars ; same vs. Samuel Hall ; saipe vs. Wil- liam Harvey; same vs. John H. Whitehead; same vs. Jesse Roberts; same vs. Elijah Gladden ; same vs. Andrew Smith ; same vs. Reuben Gage ; all for betting. Same vs. George Tracy .and Henry Spates, for HISTORY OF BUCHANAN COUNTY. 1 8/ selling as grocers without license ; same vs. George Tracy and Henry Spates, for keeping gaming house ; same vs. John Snyder, for keeping gambling device ; same vs. Francis Robidoux, for selling goods without a license ; same vs. Sampson L. Stanberry, for keeping gaming house; and there being no other business for the grand jury they are discharged. And it is ordered that said grand jurors be allowed the sum of one dol- lar per diem allowance, for attendance, and also five cents per mile for necessary travel to and from court, and that their said accounts be cer- tified to the County Court of Buchanan County. Extracts from the first docket of the Chancery Court, July term 1841: The State of Missouri, Buchanan County to wit : At a Circuit Court begun and held, at this court house, in and for the county aforesaid, on the first Monday in July 1841, before the honorable David R. Atchison^ Judge of the 12th Judicial Circuit, in the State of Missouri. Among others, were the following proceedings to wit : Delila Vaughn ] vs. >- Petition For Divorce. James Vaughn. ) This day appeared, the said complainant by her solicitor, and the said defendant, though solemnly called, came not, but makes default, and it appearing to the court, that said complainant, is a person of good con- duct, and that she is the innocent and injured person, as a party to this suit", and it further appearing to the court, that said defendant has offered such indignities to the person of said complainant, as renders her condition as his wife intolerable, and that she has suffered from him such cruel treatment as to endanger her life, it is therefore ordered, adjudged, and decreed by the court now here, that said Delila Vaughn be divorced from the bonds of matrimony heretofore contracted, with her said hus- band, James Vaughn, unless the said defendant shall appear at the next term of this court, and show cause, why this decree should not be made final. Ordered that court adjourn until court in course. DAVID R. ATCHISON. CHAPTER X. SECOND COURT HOUSE, ORDERED TO BE BUILT AT SPARTA— SIX THOUSAND DOLLARS TO BE APPROPRIATED THEREFOR-AGITATION OF THE COUNTY SEAT QUESTION LEGISLATIVE ENACTMENT— VOTE UPON THE QUESTION— COUNTY SEAT FINALLY CHANGED-COMMISSIONER HINKSTON'S REPORT. The court house and jail erected at Sparta were designed merely as temporary structures, and after having subserved the interests of the county until there had been a large increase both in the revenue and population of the same, the County Court on the 9th of November, 1842, made the following order in reference to a more permanent building : "It is ordered by the Court, that a court house be built in the town of Sparta, the seat of justice of Buchanan County, at such place and within such time as shall hereafter be designated by this Court, and the sum of six thousand dollars be and the same is hereby appropriated for the erection of said building, to be paid out of the fund arising from the sale of lots in the said town of Sparta, and for want of a sufficient amount of that fund to pay the same, the balance to be paid out of any money in the county treasury of said county not otherwise appropriated." This court house, for which the county had made such a liberal allow- ance, was never erected, for about this time began the agitation of the question of changing tlie location of the county-seat. Sparta was destined to have a successful rival in the new town which was then struggling into existence at Blacksnake Hills, and this rivalry manifested itself in a spir- ited manner for several succeeding years. COUNTY-SEAT QUESTION. Soon after the laying out of St. Joseph in 1843, the first pronounced effort was made to move the county-seat from Sparta to St. Joseph. The latter, although not in the center of the county, was the center of the trading interests, and most of the transactions which became sub- jects of judicial investigation were connected in some way generally with its citizens. During the year 1843, a petition was presented to the County Court, signed by more than three-fifths of the taxable inhabitants of the county, asking for the removal of the county-seat. In accordance with the prayer of that petition, three commissioners, viz.: Winslow Turner, James Hull and James Kuykendall, were appointed by the Justices of the County Court to select a site for the county-seat, and on the 4th of July, 1843, made their report, which is as follows : HISTORY OF BUCHANAN COUNTY. 1 89 STATE OF MISSOURI, [ County of Buchanan. ( To the Honorable David R. Atchison, Judge of the Circuit Court of said county : The undersigned, on the 2ist day of February, 1843, having been appointed commissioners by the worshipful justices of the County Court of said county to select a site whereon to locate the seat of justice of said county, and having received a certificate thereof, together with a notice of the time and place appointed by said justices, for the assembling of said commissioners, in due form of law, would ask leave to submit the following report of their proceedings : The undersigned, deem it not amiss, to inform the court that on the 20th day of February, in the year aforesaid, a petition was presented to the County Court of said county, praying a removal of the seat of justice thereof, to a designated place, that is to say, in the language of the peti- tion, "on the southwest quarter of section No. 8, of township No. 57, in range No. 35, the same being on the Missouri River at the Blacksnake Hills." The said petition, as appears from the record of the County Court of said county, was subscribed by nine hundred and fifty-six "taxable inhabitants of said county, as ascertained by the tax list made and returned last preceding the presenting of the said petition, being ninety-eight over and above three-fifths of the taxable inhabitants of said county, the whole number of taxable inhabitants of said county, as appears from the said record, being fourteen hundred and thirty. The number and respectability of the petitioners induced the under- signed to discharge the duties devolving upon them, under their com- mission with the strictest attention to the interest of the count)*, and the wishes of the petitioners. A part of the commissioners, after having taken an oath before Samuel C. Hall, a justice of the peace of said county, for the faithful performance of their duty, as commissioners, assembled at the Blacksnake Hills on the 3d day of April, 1843, and adjourned from time to time until the 24th day of April, 1843, and then proceeded to examine and select the most suitable place in said county, within the limit prescribed by law, whereon to erect the public buildings. After an examination made with the strictest attention to the inter- est of the county, and the wishes of the petitioners, as above mentioned, the undersigned would respectfully report, that they have selected the southwest quarter of section No. 8, of township No. 57, in range No. 35, the same being on the Missouri River, at the Blacksnake Hills, as the imost suitable place, in said county, within the limits prescribed by law, under their commission, whereon to erect the public buildings. The undersigned will not pretend to say, how far they have been influenced, in the selection they have made, by the designation of the petitioners. They will, however, take occasion to remark, that the united judgment of niAe hundred and fifty-six taxable inhabitants of the county, could not be dismissed without consideration. But aside from the fact the place selected is the same as designated by the petitioners, the undersigned have no hesitation in saying that they are, unanimous in the opinion that the place selected is far the most suitable in the limit prescribed to them whereon to erect the public ■ buildings. The reasons for their opinion are too numerous to mention, and ^yere they few it would perhaps be out of the way to express them here, IQO HISTORY OF BUCHANAN COUNTY. The undersigned deem it proper to state to the court that the quar- ter section of land selected, is public land of the United States, and, con- sequently, the only evidence of title they can offer to the court is a reference to an act of the Congress of the United States, entitled " An Act granting to the counties or parishes of each State or Territory of the United States, in which the public lands are situated, the right of pre-emption to quarter sections of land for seats of justice, within the same," approved May 26th, 1824, and also a reference to the fact that the quarter section has been selected in the manner above mentioned, as a seat of justice, prior to the sale of the adjoining lands in said county. The undersigned deem it also proper to state to the court that a pre- emption right is claimed upon the quarter section selected by one Joseph Robidoux, and from the best information they can obtain, he has probably complied with the requirements of the pre-emption law. It is not the province of the undersigned to decide whether the selection made by them is a sufficient fixing of the seat of justice in said county, as will give the county a pre-emption right under the act of Congress above referred to. Nor is it their province to decide whether a county pre-emption can be located upon the pre-emption of an indi- vidual. The decision of these questions devolve upon the court, to which, with the foregoing report, they are respectfully submitted. WINSLOW TURNER, j JAMES HULL, >• Commissioners. JAMES KUYKENDALL. ) Endorsed. Filed July 4, 1843. WM. TOOLE, Clerk. Following this report of the commissioners is the order of the Buchanan County Court, appointing a day for an election to be held, to determine upon the selection as made by the commissioners. The order is as follows : THE STATE OF MISSOURI, ) County of Buchanan. f In the Buchanan County Court, July 4, 1843. On this day the report of a quorunj of the commissioners appointed at the February term, 1843, of this court, to select a site on which to locate the seat of justice of Buchanan County, having been certified to the County Court by the Circuit Court, at the last session thereof, it is thereupon ordered that an election be held, on the 5th day of August next,- in each township in this county, at the same places in said town- ships at which general elections are held for civil officers, to determine upon the selection made by said commissioners,'that is to say upon the southwest quarter of section No. 8 of township No. 57, in range No. 35, the same being on the Missouri River at the Blacksnake Hills. A true copy of the order. Attest: WILLIAM FOWLER, Clerk. On the reverse side of the order, the sheriff, G. W. Taylor, made his return of the posting up of notices in the .different townships as HISTORY OF BUCHANAN COUNTY. I9 I required by the order. At the election that followed 9, majority voted for the removal of the county seat to Blacksnake Hills, but the measure failed because the claim of the county to the quarter section on which St. Joseph stood, and on which the location of the county seat was made, was not sustained by the court. In the fall of 1844 a majority of all the voters in the county petitioned the Legislature on the subject, and that body passed an act in March 1845, under which succeeding elections were held for the i-emoval of the county seat. That act is as follows : AN ACT To authorize the people of Buchanan County to remove their Seat of Justice. Be it enacted by the General A ssembly of the State of Missouri, as follows : Section l. That Henry B. Mays, of the County of Platte, William Hurton, of the County of Clinton, and Joseph B. Nichol, of the County of Andrew, be and they are hereby appointed commissioners to select, at or near the town of St. Joseph, in the county of Buchanan, a site for the permanent seat of justice for Buchanan County; should vacancies . occur among said commissioners, the County Court of Buchanan County shall fill the same by appointing some competent disinterested person or persons, non-residents of Buchanan -County. It shall be the duty of each commissioner, before entering upon his duties, to take an oath or make affidavit before some judge or justice of the peace of Buchanan County, that he will faithfully discharge the duties of such commissioner. Sec. 2. 1 It shall be the diity of the commissioners to assemble in the town of Saint Joseph on the first Monday of April next ; or if they should fail to assemble on that day, then as soon thereafter as practica- ble, and they may hold an adjourned meeting. Sec. 3. Any two of said commissioners shall be competent to do business. Sec. 4. Said commissioners shall receive such donation in land, money, or subscriptions as shall be tendered to them, and when a suit- able site for public buildings shall have been tendered them, and they shall have obtained all the money and subscriptions practicable, without unreasonable delay they shall report, the title {)apers together with the subscription papers, to the Judge of the Circuit Court of Buchanan County, whether said Circuit Court be in session or not, and such Judge shall examine the same, and if he approve the validity thereof, he shall certify his decision thereon to the County Court of Buchanan County. But if he disapprove their validity he shall return the same to the com- missioners with his reasons for their invalidity, whose duty it shall be to correct the error, or to proceed anew as at first, and to make another report to the Judge, whose duty it shall be to examine and certify as before, and so proceed till the title shall be approved. Sec. 5. When the Judge shall certify his approval of the title papers to, the County Court, it shall be the duty of the County Court without delay, to fix on some day not more than sixty nor less than forty days 192 HISTORY.OF BUCHANAN COUNTV. distant, for an election by the people between the present site and the site proposed by the commissioners for the seat of justice. Sec. 6. The sheriff of Buchanan County shall cause notice to be set up in three of the most public places in each township in the county at least thirty days before the day appointed for the election, describing the site selected, the quantity of land donated, and the amount of money subscribed, and notifying the inhabitants of the time, place and import of the election, and make return thereof to the County Court, at least ten days before said election, for which said County Court shall pay to said sheriff, out of the county treasury, such compensation, as they shall deem right and reasonable, and if the sheriff fail to perform the duty enjoined by this section, he shall be fined fifty dollars, to be recovered by indictment. Sec. 7. If the election be contested, the same shall be tried by the County Court and determined without unnecessary delay, and if adjudged illegal, the County Court shall cause a second election to be held in like manner as the first election, giving like notice, and if necessary, a third and fourth election till one shall be adjudged legal. Sec. '8. All free white males, taxable inhabitants, over the age of twenty-one years, resident of the county at the time of the election, shall be elligible to vote, and the election shall be held at the same places and in a manner similar to elections for civil officers. Sec. 9. ■ If a majority of all the legal votes of the county, as in the next preceding section specified, be given for Sparta, the title and sub- scription papers shall be of no effect, the former shall be returned to the persons executing'the same, and the. latter destroyed, and no further pro- ceedings shall be had under this act. Should there not be a majority for either place, the County Court shall cause a second and third election, if necessary to be held, until there shall be a majority for one place or the other ; but should there be a majority for the proposed site, the same shall be the permanent seat of justice for Buchanan County, and the title to the real estate donated and the subscriptions and money shall vest in said county, and such proceedings not inconsistent with the provisions of this act, shall be had both in reference to Sparta and the holders of lots therein, and in reference to the new seat of justice, as in the case of the removal of the seat of justice as required by "An act provided for the removal of seats of justice," approved February 6th, 1835, provided that should lots be relinquished to the county in Sparta, as in said last men- tioned act specified, the county shall refund the money originally paid, with ten per cent, interest, in case it should not have lots to sell at the new seat of justice. Sec. 10. If the Commissioners cannot procure lands to the amount of fifty acres, on which to locate the seat of justice, they are hereby autho'rized to locate on any less quantity. Sec. 1 1 . The County Court shall allow to the Commissioners reason- able compensation for their services out of the county treasury. This act to take effect from and after its passage. C. F. JACKSON, Speaker of the House of Representatives. JAMES YOUNG, President of the Senate. Approved March 24, 1845. JOHN C. EDWARDS. History of buchanan county. 193 Office of Secretary of State, City of Jefferson. I. James L. Minor, Secretary of State, of the State of Missouri, do liereby certify that the foregoing is truly copied from the original bill, on file in this office, of " An Act to authorize the people of Buchanan County to remove their seat of justice," approved March 24, 1845. Witness my hand and the seal of said office, this 25th day of Marchy A. D., 1845. JAMES L. MINOR, Secretary of State. The commissioners, Henry B. Mayo, William B. Huston and Joseph 13. Nichol, appointed by the Legislature under the above act, met in St. Joseph, on the 24th of May, 1845, for the transaction of business. They ^elected block 48 as the site for the county buildings. This block was ■donated to the county by Joseph Robidoux, for that purpose. Mr Robi- •doux also donated ten lots ; F. W. Smith, one block ; John Patee, three ■acres of land; Elias F. Wells, two lots ; Samuel C. Hall, twenty acres of land. Besides this the citizens of St. Joseph subscribed about $1,000 in money. The commissioners made their report to the Circuit Judge, •and the County Court ordered the election to take place oft the 24th of December, 1845, in order that the people of the county might vote upon the question as to the removal of the county seat. The act of the Legislature which we have given in full above, pro- vided that the owners of lots in Sparta should be refunded their purchase money, with ten per cent, interest, if there were no lots for sale at the new seat of justice, if, however, there were lots for sale at the new seat of justice, then a credit for the amount of the purchase money in buying these lots should be given. By the operation of law, in case of the removal of the county seat, the county's liability to the lot holders in Sparta would be $2,185.00. All the lots that had been sold in Sparta up to that date amounted to $6,054.00. A number of lots had been for- feited by the purchasers, these of course were not to be paid for by the county. The forfeited lots had been sold for $1,461.00, which amount being subtracted from the entire sale, left $4,593.00. On these lots^ before forfeiture, the purchasers paid $965.00 which was a clear gain to the county ; this amount being also deducted from the whole amount, feft $3,628.00. There remained at that time an unpaid amount on lots sold of $1,443.00, which was also to be deducted, leaving as a demand against the county $2,185.00. The land which had been donated, it was thought, would pay two or three times the amount of the claim against the county. In case of the removal of the seat of justice, the lot owners in .Sparta would be entitled to buy to the amount of the purchase money paid, and the remainder of the property would belong to the county, and sold for the erection of the public buildings. 194 HISTORY OF BUCHANAN COUNTTv The election was held on the 24th of December, as advertised hy order of the County Court, and in casting up the result it was ascertained that 541 votes had been polled for Sparta, and 1,037 for St. Joseph. The people however, were destined to meet with another disappoint- ment. After the returns were made to the County Court, that body decided that a decision of the question had not been made, the court holding that it required a majority of all the free white male inhabitants taxable, over the age of twenty-one years, to determine the question and that they did not think there was such a majority for St. Joseph. The County Court accordingly ordered another election, to take place on \he 28th of February, 1846. In the meantime, the people who were favorable to Sparta, and those favorable to St. Joseph as the county seat worked like heroes for their respective towns. An address was published by the citizens of St. Joseph to the people of Buchanan County, setting; forth the advantages to be derived from having the county seat at St.. Joseph. This was answered by an address from the citizens of Sparta,, claiming superior advantages from having the county seat to remain where it had already been located. On the 28th of February, 1846, the final election was held, and the St. Joseph Gazette in speaking of that matter says : " We are happy to be able this week to record' the fact, that the county seat question has been settled. Notwithstanding the inclemency of the weather, the claims of St. Joseph were triumphantly vindicated on Saturday last, by the PEOPLE of the county. The vote stood 1164 fof St. Joseph and 455 for Sparta, which shows an increase for the former and a decrease for the latter since the last election. The County Court,, who had cognizance of the returns, on Tuesday decided that the vote for St. Joseph was sufficient; which fiat fixed the seat of justice amongst us,, and determined things to be arranged as the people have al'w.ays wished'.. After having attained the end for which we have so long been striv- ing ; after having triumphed upon the purest principles, with every pos- sible difficulty in the way; after having accomplished all by exertions which the best motives prompted, we are in the midst of exultation, of joy and of pride ; willing to forgive and forget all the harsh conduct with which we have met. We are willing to regard this matter as past ; we are willing to admit that our opposers were honest in their views, thougji in some cases, it is extremely difficult to do so, and we hope they will admit the same as to us. This removal will give fresh impetus to our already floudshing town ; it will concentrate the business of the county ; increase the demand, and enlarge the market, for produce ; furnish employment for the mechanic, and render the transaction of every kind of business con- venient. We congratulate the friends of St. Joseph upon our success ; we congratulate the people of the county upon the attainment of their HISTORY OF BUCHANAN COUNTY. I95 object, and we hope to see the public buildings erected without unneces- sary delay ; to see the county business transacted at the county seat, and to see no more impediments thrown in the way of the acknowledged wish of the people of Buchanan County." Below we give the official vote of the county on the removal of the county seat : Sparta. St. Joseph. Centre 1 57 24 Bloomington 71 143 Platte 56 , 19 Crawford. ... ... 71 i Tremont 28 53 Washington , . 9 733 Rush 3 76 Jackson 59 2 Atchison Marion 86 Wayne i 27 455 1,164 Majority for St. Joseph 709 Thus ended a struggle which had lasted for nearly three years — a struggle the results of which were fraught with great interest to the town of St. Joseph. It will be seen by the following account, that the item alone of cal- culating the interest to the lot owners in the town of Sparta, after the removal of the county-seat, cost considerable. The account is presented by Commissioner Hinkston : Buchanan County — Dr. To Harlow Hinkston, Com., September 3, 1846. To calculating interest to lot holders in Sparta.. .. $12.00 To acknowledging 24 deeds in Sparta, 25 cents each 6.00 To acknowledging 3 deeds at Clerk's office i ■ 5° To attending sale one day 2.00 To stationery 25 $21.75 Commissioner Hinkston presented also an account of the sale of lots in St. Joseph, after the removal of the county-seat, as follows : To the Honorable body, the County Court of Buchanan County, Missouri : The undersigned. Commissioner of the seat of justice of Buchanan County, makes the following report relative to the sales of lots in the 196 HISTORY OF BUCHANAN COUNTY. town of St. Joseph, the county-seat of the county aforesaid,- to wit: on the 1 8th of May, 1846: To amount of sale — total $1,370.50 One-fourth of amount due in six months from day of sale. . . . 342.62^ One-half of the balance due in twelve months, being 5 '3 -931 The remaining half due in eighteen months, being 5 '3 -931' Of which I have taken bonds for their respective payments. HARLOW HINKSTON, Commissioner. CHAPTER XI. MEXICAN WAR— OREGON EXPEDITION. THE INTEREST TAKEN BY BUCHANAN COUNTY IN THE MEXICAN WAR— COMPANIES ORGANIZED— GENERAL JAMES W. DENVER— CAPTAIN JESSE B. MORAN— DONI- PHAN'S EXPEDITION— OREGON BATTALION— OFFICERS-SERVICE AND RETURN. Having reached a period in the history of Buchanan County, — 1846, the date of the breaking out of the Mexican war, we cannot refrain from making a brief reference to the part the county took in that event- ful and memorable struggle. The county being then almost upon the very borders of civiliza- tion, the news concerning events happening at a remote distance from it, was carried by stage routes, post-riders, and steamboats, and of course the people of the county did not hear of the war with Mexico until after the occurrence of two or three sanguinary battles, between that nation and the United States, and even after hearing of the declara- tion of war, upon the part of Mexico, they were not inclined to give it full credence, as will be seen by the following from the St. Joseph Gazette of May, 1 846 : t "WAR WITH MEXICO. "We learn from a gentleman from Independence, that news was received in that place of a declaration of war, against the United States by Mexico. The news appears a little improbable, but from the conduct of Mexico lately, we would not be surprised if such were the case." On the 22d of May following, the vague rumors of war had been confirmed, and the same paper in its issue of that date, said : " In our paper, this week, will be found all the war news that we have received, which we publish to the exclusion of other matter, deem- ing that at this particular crisis, nothing so much interests our readers as the situation of our army on the Rio Grande, and the feeling with which the announcement of actual hostilities has been received in vari- ous parts of the Union. We are now looking with painful anxiety for later intelligence from the seat of war ; we say painful, for notwithstand- ing the greai confidence we have in the bravery and patriotism of our army, both officer and soldier, the fact cannot be disguised by the most earnest desire for the contrary, that Point Isabel, and General Taylor's igS HISTORY OF BUCHANAN COUNTY. camp were, at latest advices, in a precarious situation. We do hope, however, that long ere this time, the battle has been fought and won hy our army — it must, it cannot but be so. "That Mexicans can come into our country, upon our soil, and either hold in duress, or vanquish our army, we cannot, we will not believe. We hope our next intelligence will be that General Taylor has driven back the invading foe, and that ere long we shall hear of our army on the other side of the Rio Grande, bearing itself as is becoming in the present emergency. Doubtless a military expedition will soon be ordered against New Mexico and California, and our Gov- ernment will not fail to take possession of these countries immediately. "The request has been made, and the order will soon be issued, for the formation of volunteer companies in Missouri for the service. We think that Buchanan is entitled to two or three companies, and we hope to see our citizens move in this matter. The companies will be one hundred strong and select their own officers.'' During the month of May, Governor Edwards of Missouri called for volunteers to join the "Army of the West," in an expedition to Santa Fe, under command of General Stephen W. Kearney. Soon the war-spirit had infused itself into every nook and corner of the Union, and the people of Buchanan County became so thoroughly embued with this spirit, that a company was at once organized for service. On the 29th of May, 1846, there was a battalion muster in St. Joseph. After the exercises were over, the commanding officer. Brig. General Jesse B. Thompson, made a call for volunteers for the contem- plated Santa Fe expedition under General Kearney. Between fifty and sixty brave men stepped forward and 'enrolled themselves, to fight the battles of their country. These men immediately elected officers, and dispatched a messenger to the Governor, requesting to be received for this expedition. We regret, owing to the meagre information we have that we are unable to furnish the names of the officers and the names of the men forming this company. During the month of June following. General James W. Denver came to St. Joseph, (having notified the people, through the Gazette, of the time when he would arrive,) for the purpose also of raising a com- pany for the Santa" Fe expedition. This he did on the day of his. coming, and soon afterward, took up the line of march from Fort Leavenworth, the place of rendezvous, for Mexico by the way of New Orleans. His regiment was taken from the counties composing the "Platte Purchase." The first company organized in the county, repaired also to Fort Leavenworth, and was placed under the command of Capt. Jesse B. Moran, whose company accompanied that gallant officer, Gen. A. W. Doniphan, to New Mexico, participating HISTORY OF BUCHANAN COUNTY. 199 in all the engagements of the campaign, beginning with the fight at Brazito and closing with the battle at the pass of Sacramento. At the battle of Sacramento, Colonel Doniphan, with his volunteers numbering 924 men and six pieces of artillery, met and fought 4,000 Mexicans under General Heredia, who was posted with ten pieces of artillery. The Mexicans were defeated with a loss of 300 killed and 40 prisoners, and all their artillery and baggage taken. The American loss was one killed and eight wounded. The New York Post of July, 1847, in comparing Colonel Doniphan's expedition with that made by Xenophon in olden times, says : " The Greeks were lead from near Babylon, through Armina to the Black Sea, thence to Crysopolis, three thousand four hundred and sixty- five English miles. It was accomplished in fifteen months, and a large part of it through a mountainous and an unknown hostile country, the Greeks losing everything except their lives and arms. Doniphan and the Missourians traveled over six thousand miles in twelve months, neither receiving supplies nor money, but living exclusively on the country through which they passed, and supplying themselves with powder and balls, by capturing them from the enemy, and victorious in all the engagements against greatly superior forces, numerically. These are the two most remarkable expeditions that have ever occurred." OREGON EXPEDITION. In the spring of 1847, a requisition was made upon Governor Edwards by the Secretary of War for a second battalion to be raised in Missouri, the troops to operate against the Indians on the frontier in affording safety and protection to traders and emigrants on the routes to Santa Fe and Oregon. . The requisition was as follows : "I am instructed by the President to request that you will cause to be organized in the State of Missouri, with the least practical delay, for service on the Indian frontier, and the routes to Santa Fe and Oregon, one battalion of volunteers, to consist of one company of artillery, two companies of mounted men, and two companies of infantry, in all five companies ; to have the same organization, according to arms, as the companies heretofore requested. The field and staff of the battalion will consist of — I Lieutenant Colonel ; i Adjutant, a subaltern in addition to the subalterns of the companies ; i Sergeant Major ; i Quartermaster Sergeant ; i Principal Musician. The battalion will be mustered into service at Fort Leavenworth, and will be required to serve during the war with Mexico, unless sooner discharged. ' Very respectfully your ob't serv't, M. L. MARCY, His Excellency, Secretary of War. John C. Edwards, Gov, of Missouri, Jefferson City, Mo. 200 HISTORY OF BUCHANAX COUNTY. On the 25th day of June,' 1847, the St. Joseph Gazette says : "The Buchanan County company paraded on Monday last, and went into an election of officers which resulted in the choice of Robert M. Stuart, Captain ; Henry Smith, First Lieutenant ; Howell Thomas, Second Lieutenant ; and John Searcy, Third Lieutenant. The company is composed of a fine looking set of men and officers, and we learn will be mustered into service in a few days. They will go upon the Oregoni expedition. Success to the Buchanan County boys." This company, soon after the requisition made by Governor Edwards,, was mustered into service at Fort Leavenworth, and immediately departed for the west. Captain Stuart, while at the Fort, received an, attack of paralysis, which incapacitated him from any further active duty. The companies forming the battalion were principally made up from the counties composing the " Platte Purchase." The officers in command were : Lieutenant Colonel, L. E. Powell, St. Charles, Missouri. Adjutant, Dr. Todd, of St. Joseph, Missouri. Sergeant Major, McDowell, of St. Joseph, Missouri. Quartermaster, Captain Stuart Van Vliet. Commissary of Subsistence, Frank Warmcastle, of Atchison County. Missouri. When leaving Fort Leavenworth, it was intended to follow along in the Santa Fe route westward, but the battalion was ordered to pursue the Sioux Indians, who had just attacked the Ottoes and carried off captive many of their women and children. They prosecuted their fruitless pursuit, four hundred miles above the site of the present city of Omaha, and returned to where Nebraska City now stands ; built their log huts, and went into winter quarters. Upon their return from the mountains, and the Dakotah Territory, previously to going into winter quarters, they lost a number of their horses, in consequence of the scarcity of provender, and the extreme cold weather, and snow storms which prevailed in that latitude. One of the command was waylaid and killed by an Indian near Omaha. After faithfully performing the mission upon which they were sent, doing service over a vast region of country between the Missouri- River and the Rocky Mountains, and after erecting Fort Raney, the battalion returned home, and the men were mustered out late in the fall of 1848. General James Craig, now of St. Joseph, commanded a company in the battalion, composed of volunteers from Holt and Atchison counties. CHAPTER XII. THE CALIFORNIA GOLD EXCITEMENT. "The plague of gold strikes far and near — And deep and strong it enters ; Our thoughts grow blank, our words grow strange, We cheer the pale gold-diggers. Each soul is worth so much on change. And maiked like sheep, with figures " No doubt the desire for gold has been a mainspring of all progress and enterprise in the county from the beginning till the present time, and will so continue till remote ages. Generally, however, this desire has been manifested in the usual avenues of thrift, industry and enter- prise. On one occasion it passed the bounds of reason and assumed the character of a mania. The gold mania first broke out in the fall of 1848, when stories began to be first spread abroad of the wonderful richness of the placer mines of California. The excitement grew daily, feeding on the marvelous reports that came from the Pacific Slope, and nothing was talked of but the achievements of gold diggers. In the St. Joseph Gazette of October 27, 1848, we find the following: "An immense bed of gold, one hundred miles in extent, has been discovered in California, on American Fork and Feather Rivers, tribu- taries of the Sacramento and Monterey. Mr. Colton, the Alcade of Monterey, states that the gold is found in the sands in grains resembling squirrel shot flattened out. Some grains weigh one ounce each. It is got by washing out the sand in any vessel, from a tea saucer to a warming-pan. A single person can gather an ounce or two a day ; some even a hun- dred dollars worth. Two thousand whites, and as many Indians are on the grounds. All the American settlements are deserted, and farming nearly suspended. The women only remain in the settlements. Sailors and captains desert the ships, to go to the gold region, and laborers refuse ten dollars a day to work on the farms. Mr. Colton says ; ' One man, who resides next door to me, gathered five hundred dollars worth in six days. He has one lump which weighs over one ounce. A trough, such as you feed pigs in, will bring in the gold region fifty dollars. Put a piece of sheet iron, punched with holes on it, and it will bring a hundred. My friend, J. R., paid sixteen dollars for a little basket, and his com- ■202 HISTORY OF BUCHANAN COUNTY. panion gave twenty dollars for a teapot, all to wash out gold in.' More than twenty-eight thousand dollars worth, had been collected. Gover- nor Mason and his aid had gone to the district, which is five days jour- ney from Monterey. "The sailors have gone for gold from the ships, and the soldiers from their camps,, for the same purpose. The last vessel that left the coast was obliged to ship an entire new crew, and pay each fifty dol- lars per month. No one can be hired to dig gold, short of sixteen to twenty dollars a day. Every man prefers to work on his own hook ; he may make less than the wages offered, but he has a chance of making much more. There flour is worth thirty-two dollars per barrel ; fifteen pounds of Boston crackers in tin boxes, ten dollars a box ; a cotton shirt, ten dollars; boards, five hundred dollars per one hundred feet. A carpenter can get one hundred dollars per day. Mr. L. paid for a com- mon cradle trough, twelve feet by three wide, to wash gold earth in, one hundred and fifty dollars ; less than a day's work to make it.'' Day after day, and month after month, were the papers filled with just such glowing accounts from California. Instead of dying out, the fever mounted higher and higher. It was too late to cross the plains, but thousands of people throughout the state began their preparations for starting the following spring, and among the number were many in Buchanan County. The one great subject of dis- cussion about the firesides and in the log cabins that winter, was the gold of California. It is said that at one time the majority of the able- bodied men of the county were unsettled in mind and were considering the project of starting to California. Even the most thoughtful and sober-minded found it difficult to resist the infection. Wonderful sights were seen when this great emigration passed through — sights that may never be again seen in the county, perhaps. Some of the wagons were drawn by cows ;• other gold-hunters went on foot and hauled their worldly goods in hand-carts. The gold-hunters generally had left the moralities of life behind them, and were infested with a spirit of disorder and demoralization. The settlers breathed easier when they had passed. Early in the spring of 1849 the rush began. It must have been a scene to beggar all description. There was one continuous line of wagons from east to west as far as the eye could reach, moving steadily westward, and, like a cyclone, drawing into its course on the right and left many of those along its pathway. The gold-hunters from Buchanan County crowded eagerly into the gaps in the wagon-trains, bidding fare- well to their nearest and dearest friends, and many of them never to be seen again on earth. Sadder farewells were never spoken. Many of the gold-hunters left their quiet, peaceful homes only to find in the " Far West" utter disappointment and death. Very, very few of them ever HISTORY OF BUCHANAN COUNTY. 203 gained anytMng, and the great majority lost everything, including even ^' their lives, their fortunes, and their sacred honor." The persons who really gained by the gold excitement were those who remained on their farms and sold their produce to the gold-crazy emigrants. The rush continued until about the first of June, 1850, when the great tide began to abate, although belated-gold-hunters kept passing through for some time. But the excitement began to die away, and those citizens who had judgment enough to resist the contagion now settled down in quiet to pursue the even tenor of their way. As a starting point St, Joseph offered advantages which no other place possessed, to the emigrant and adventurer, leaving the confines of civilization for Oregon and California. The advantages were set forth in the St. Joseph Gazette, bearing date of February 9, 1849. The editor of that paper among other things said: "St Joseph contains a population of 1,800. Nineteen stores are now in successful operation, with an aggregate stock of goods for the year 1848, of from $250,000 to $300,000. Three new large stores will be opened during the present season, which will increase the stock for the year 1849, to $350,000 to $400,000. In addition to the above there are in town two flouring mills, two steam saw mills, nine blacksmith shops', four wagon shops, two extensive sheet iron ware manufactories, two large saddleries and harness making estab- lishments, etc. Therefore, not an article wanted by an emigrant, from his team and wagon down to his camp kettle and frying pan, but which •may be had of the best material and quality in the town of St. Joseph. The annexed table will show that most of the articles demanded by the •emigrant can be procured in St. Joseph from ten to thirty per cent, less than they can be obtained at Independence. St. Joseph Prices. Independence Prices. Wagons $65.oo@95.oo Wagons $100.00 Oxen, per yoke . . 30.OO@40.OO Oxen, per yoke... 40.00 Mules 30.00@60.00 Mules 60.00 Flour, per cwt ... . i • 50@ 1.75 Flour, per cwt .. . 2.00 Coffee, per Bb . . . . . o6@ . 08 Coffee, per ft .08 Sugar, per ft 05@ .06 Sugar, per ft .08 Mackinaw plank .. . 7.OO@14.OO Mackinaw plank. . . I0.00@i6.00 "There are two good, substantial ferries across the Missouri River ■at this place, and it is in contemplation to have a steam ferry boat early in the spring." Under date of March 30, 1849, the Gazette says : "Scarcely a day passes that does not bring a large number of ■emigrants to this place bound to California. There are now in St. Joseph and surrounding country upwards of five hundred emigrants awaiting the appearance of grass, before taking up their line of march." IS 204 HISTORY OF BUCHANAN COUNTY. In its issue of April 6th, we find the following : " For California — ^The steamer ' Consignee ' arrived at St. Joseph ore Saturday evening last, with over two hundred and fifty persons on board for California. They form one company, commanded by Captain W. J. Arkrim. They are well armed, and provided with suitable cloth- ing, implements, &c., and go out for the express purpose of making for- tunes in gold, or by speculation. The company brought with them some seventy wagons, between eighty and ninety head of mules, and nearly one hundred tons of merchandise, clothing, gold digging and washing implements. This is the largest, best organized and most complete company that has reached St. Joseph." The arrival of each succeeding company of emigrants, whether by land or water, is thereafter noticed, and the names of the parties com- posing these companies, are all given. For instance : " The Washington California Mining and Trading Association is the name of a company from Washington County, New York, which arrived here on Saturday last. They are encamped on the side of the hill north of St. Joseph, and are all in good health and spirits. The fol- lowing gentlemen compose the company: Samuel McDonal, A. F. Bliss, D. T. Harshaw, J. H. Tilford, D. M. Hall, Wm. Owen, H. S. Cran- dall, J. Robertson, Wm. Harrison, J. Cowafi, R. Gourlay, James Hill, James H. Newton, A. McNaughton, Andrew Telford." THE CALIFORNIA ENTERPRISE COMPANY. This company was from Pittsburg and was composed of several hundred men. The company remained in camp at St. Joseph for some little time. Of course the departure of so many men from their homes to the distant gold fields of California, was quite an event, and it often happened, that the friends and neighbors of those who were to embark met en masse and expressed their regrets and good wishes in a public address. We present a portion of the speech of Col. S. W. Black, of Pittsburg, Penn'a, to the above named company, on the eve of their departure from that city to show the pleasant custom of those days : "'My Friends: I have but a few words to say to you at parting. What I do say will come from the heart. I trust that whatever of good and truth I may deliver may reach your hearts. Before you return you will have seen no little of the world. What you see will be so much learned beyond what you now know. Hence, at the very outgoing of your enterprise, you have a good object in view. Some persons complain of these expeditions as being sordid and unworthy. To go and dig for gold — say they — is not meritorious but culpable. I, for one, do not think so. All the world is a gold digger — rather, indeed, a gold scratcher. And it often happens that in scratching too greedily, we bring away the skin of one another's faces — betimes the flesh of one another's bones. HISTORY OF BUCHANAN COUNTY. 205 "The farmer in the field, the mechanic in the shop, the merchant in the store, and the lawyer in his pursuit, chose their daily business for gold. Even the preacher does not work unpaid. This is all right, and according to the purpose of our creation. Our Father has planted gold in the earth for the benefit of his children. To make it by merit is noble and deserving of praise. To accumulate it with proper motives is meri- torious. To lose it is mean and condemned of God. * * ■■■ You are starting upon a long and perilous journey. Allow me, then, to make a few suggestions, which may not in the end be worthless. You leave without a flag. Make a banner for yourselves and cling to it. Inscribe upon its folds 'Fraternity' and 'Friendship.' Let the same devotion inspire you that actuates the soldier for the standard of his country. In all things be one. A perfect unity of interest and affection will make you prosperous and invincible. Organize yourselves into com- panies — elect judicious and skillful officers — men of intelligence and nerve. When you give them the power of direction always sustain them in its lawful exercise. Discipline is essential to your safety and success. Each day start early on your marches ; you will then escape the injuri- ous effect of exposure to the sun, and find yourselves early in camp. It is probable you will encounter danger. To meet it successfully you must be accustomed to act together. Americans vanquished Mexicans and Indians by a union of discipline with courage. "I know that your messes have ardent spirits among their stores. These may be useful or pernicious in proportion to the judgment with which they are used. In the life in which you are acting you will find occasional necessity for the use of stimulants. They are serviceable only when the system is prostrated by disease or exposure. "A kind hearted friend has just requested me to say that if there are any of the expedition without Bibles, he will be happy now to furnish them. It does not become me, perhaps, to speak of a subject so grave and serious, yet I can say that this, the 'Book of Books,' is the best com- panion you can take with you ; it is a neverrfailing reliance. "In the center of- our city, or around the circle of our continent; among the busy scenes of active life, or on the prairie, where the pilgrim sees no mark but the foot-prints of wild beast or the savage — it is a per- petual adaptation to every exigency of man's career. "To-day I saw in a paper the declaration of one of you, that 'in all his wanderings he would carry his Bible in the bottom of his trunk." Let me suggest an improvement. Deposit it on the top, that every tinie the trunk is opened it may remind you that you have not looked into it that day for wisdom and counsel. You are surrounded by a thousand anxious beating hearts, every one of which swell with aspiration for your success and safe return. The general prayer is, and will be, ' that no evil will befall you nor any plague come near your dwelling.' Come 206 HISTORY OF BUCHANAN COUNTY. back enriched, and make your riches a blessing to the destitute at home. The hour of grief hangs h-eavy in the hearts of many. Let them have no other cause of sorrow than this separation. Your incoming will be a day of bright and thrilling' joy. The tear that stands still in the eye, or follows its fellows across the feverish and scalded cheek, will be replaced with diamonds. The red autumn of present sadness will pass away, and in due season the glorious summer will succeed, bringing its golden harvest." On the 7th day of May, 1849, the St. Joseph Mining Company, the fii-st regularly organized company of men, left St. Joseph for California. Many persons, doubtless, left prior to that day, and many subsequent to that time. This company was composed of some of the most worthy citizens of the place, as the following list shows : Samuel Johnson, A. D. McDonald, Joel Ryan, John Lewis, James Andrews, John Somerfield, James Somerfield, B. D. Ellett, Edward Bunall, J. W. Jones, Thomas Fausett, Michael Cameron, Samuel Wilson, Francis Brubaker, John F. McDowell, T. F. Warner, D..H. Moss, M. F. Moss, and James Cirkwood. This company went with pack mules, and determined to make the trip through in seventy days. Many letters were received from these gold seekers shortly after their arrival in California. From some of these letters we have made the following extracts : (The first from M. F. Moss to Mr. Boyd and dated at Sutter's Mills, October 12, 1849.) "I have concluded to write you and let you know that all are well who started in the pack-mule company, up to date. We arrived in this country on the first of August ; had many ups and flowns on the road, but lost none of our stock by the Indians. And now a little about Cali- fornia and the prospects for making money. Lewis, Love and myself bought a small grocery in Sacramento City, for which we paid J 1,800— ©n a short credit-^three week's time. We kept it a short time, made $250 each, and sold it out. Brother David went to the mines, and up to this time has made $1,600. ^ I went and worked eight days. The spot of ground I had was about large enough to lay down on. The first day I made $200 ; the second day $220, and in eight days ; $900. The St. Joseph boys are doing well. The most of them are making from half an ounce to three ounces per day. David and myself will go into the cattle trade or sell groceries. We can buy cattle from $30 to $50 per yoke — fat cattle are worth from $75 to $150, and in the mines 75 cents per pound. There is an abundance of Spanish cattle here,_but they are hard to drive in the mines, it requiring six or eight Spaniards to drive a small herd of twenty, and that at a cost of an ounce per day. There is an abundance of provision here. If you had the potatoes alone in Cali- fornia which will be sold in St. Joseph to-day you might rest contented the balance of your days. I have been up the Sacramento River 100 HISTORY OF BUCHANAN COUNTY. "207 miles and up Feather River fifty miles, and I have seen but a few spots of land worth cultivating^. I have seen a great many of our old friends from Upper Missouri, the most of whom are rich and doing well. I saw Charley Covaloe and Nigh ; they are both rich. While many men who crossed the plains this summer are making money, others are here who are not making their salt, and are very much dissatisfied and are going home every day. The gold here is very hard to get, and if a person makes a fortune by gold digging he must expect to endure a great deal of fatigue. Men with families are making fortunes by washing and board- ing. Girls are in great demand here ; all they have to do, is to name their pile of gold-dust and a husband is at their command immediately." The following extract is from a letter written by A. D. McDonald, to Henry P. Smith and dated Sacramento City, October 7, 1849: " I arrived here from the mines on Bear River about a week since. D. L. Williams is going into business in the dry diggings, about sixty miles from this place. 'Old man Williams' and myself are going 200 miles up the Sacramento to mine. We are all partners and carry on mining and merchandising, or trading. We have made about $2,000, in cash, since we came, which we have invested, and will make thousands or lose. Samuel Love, Ryan and Andrews are here and have done well. Any person that will work can make money. You recollect Cornwall, that stayed at Dawson's — he is here, and is worth, I suppose, a quarter of a million. Stratton was burned on a pile or stake by the Indians, a short time since. Wm. Nicholson died night before last." The following extract is fr.om Mr. Johnson's letter, dated at Coloma, September 15, 1849: " I have lived here about one year ; have been engaged in the mines since last spring, and by being prudent and industrious have realized something for my trouble. I cannot say when I will return, perhaps in two or three years, perhaps never, although I will come as soon as I can to see my mother, and prevent her from crossing the Rocky Moun- tains, for I think such a trip dangerous and unnecessary. I would advise my friends and relations to remain where they are." CALIFORNIA EMIGRA.NT SONG. "Farewell, farewell, my native land, I leave thee only with a sigh, To wander o'er a foreign strand, Perchance to live — perchance to die. Adieu my friends whom kindred ties Unite, though distant we may rove, How ardent as time onward flies, Fond memory clings to those we love. 208 HISTORY OF BUCHANAN COUNTY. The few admired — the one beloved, . Among the living and the dead, Whose constancy we sternly proved, Ah ! whither are those dear ones fled ? Some have we left at happy homes. While some, alas ! exist no more, And o'er their graves unheeding roams Each breeze that sweeps Miami's shore. O'er the broad plains far away, Beyond the Rocky Mountain crest. Our wayward feet awhile shall stray, And press the gold-besprinkled West . But mid the gaudy scenes of strife, Where Gold to Pride enchantment lends, We'll ne'er forget that booiv of life — Companions dear and faithful friends. And in the lapse of coming years. Should fortune be not too unkind. We'll hope reward for parting tears, In smiles from those we left behind. We go — ytt hoping to return, Friends of our youth to home and you ; For these do cause our hearts to yearn. E'en when we sigh Adieu — Adieu." Cholera made its appearance in St. Joseph about the last of April; 1849, brought, as supposed, by steamboat from St. Louis, and disappeared in June following. Some of the citizens died with this disease, but it was mostly prevalent and fatal among the emigrants who were at the time encamping in and around the town. During the same summer the chol- era spread among the Indian tribes across the river, and many of them died. In order to give some estimate of the number of emigrants that crossed at St. Joseph during the California gold excitement, we will give the number that crossed the river here to June 15, 1849, two months and a half, beginning from April ist : The number of wagons that had crossed here at that time was 1,508, which wcaild average about four men to the wagon, making 6,032. At Duncan's ferry, four miles above St. Joseph, 685 wagons had crossed, and at Bontown, Savannah and the ferries as far up as the Bluffs, 2,000. This makes the number of wagons 4,193. About 10,000 persons had crossed at Independence, making a total of 27,000 persons. There were about eight mules or oxen to each wagon, making the number 37,544 of mules and oxen. At the time of the treaty of Gaudaloupe Hidalgo, the population of California did not exceed thirty thousand, while at the time of which we are writing, (1850), there were more than one hundred and fifty thousand HISTORY OF BUCHANAN COUNTY. 209 people who had found their way thither, of which number at least one hundred thousand were gold-hunters from the states. The evil effects of this gold mania upon the moral status of the United States are still seen and felt, and among all classes of society. It has popularized the worship of Mammon to an alarming extent, and to this worship, in a great measure, is attributable the moral declension of to-day. 55^' v'-'^f fflSn ^ % CHAPTER XIIL THE COUNTY LUNATIC ASYLUM, POOR HOUSE AND FARM, Now an important feature of the county, like many other institu- tions of equal consequence, had its origin in very small beginnings. Pauperism is an evil which has never, to any considerable extent, afflicted any portion of our State, still less the wealthy district included within the limits of the Platte Purchase. No land, however blessed, has been always and uniformly exempt from misfortune which may result in ina- bility to afford self-support ; and Buchanan County with her generous soil, enterprising and liberal-spirited population, has proven no excep- tion to the universal rule. Still, many years of rapid development and increasing population rolled onward from the first settling of the county before the necessity arose of providing for an indigent class which had just begun to appear. About the year 1850, the county first began to recognize the necessity of such provision, but the number of paupers being extremely limited, it was deemed a matter of economy to quarter them on private indi- viduals who could thus, for a reasonable compensation, provide for their necessities, without reducing the county to the expense of purchasing and maintaining an establishment restricted to the special object of their use and benefit. The first to keep the paupers in the county was E. Richardson, a . farmer residing near One Hundred and Two River, not a great way from the city limits in a northeast direction. He received as compensation from one to five dollars per day per head for boarding and caring for them, the county paying the additional expense of clothing- and medical bills. He kept the paupers about two years. At the suggestion of Judge C. Roberts, who had been appointed to a seat on the county bench made vacant by the resignation of Hiram Rogers, the court ordered to let the keeping of the paupers to the lowest bidder. The contract was bid in by the Judge himself at $80 per head per annum, the county providing clothing and paying medical bills. Judge Roberts continued to keep the paupers on these terms till March 4, 1857, when the county purchased from Leroy Bean for the purposes of a poor farm, a certain tract of land containing 140 acres, situated about two miles southwest of old Sparta, and described in> the deed of conveyance as the southwest quarter of the northeast quarter,, and the HISTORY OF BUCHANAN COUNTY. 21 r east half of the northeast quarter of section thirty ; and the east half of the southeast quarter of section thirty-one, all in township fifty-six, range thirty-five. The sum paid by the county for this land" was $3,500. John Peter was then appointed to the charge of the county poor who were forthwith removed to this farm. His compensation for keeping them was $75 or $80 per annum per head. He continued to discharge the duties of this position till the year i86r, when Henry Utz was appointed his successor. Utz served several years as Superintendent,, when he was succeeded by George Peter. In December, 1865, Isham Wood was appointed to the charge of the county farm. He continued to hold the position till January 20, 1868, when he purchased, for the sum of $4,200, this farm from the county, and the paupers were moved to the city of St. Joseph. Dr. William Bertram was then appointed Superintendent of the Poor, and County Physician. January i, 1871,. Dr. A. S. Long was appointed his successor, and continued to discharge the duties of the offices till September, 1871. The compensation«received by Dr. Long during the period of his continuance in the offices of Super- intendent and County Physician was fifty cents per day for eaclvpauper, the county providing everything but food. On the i6th of August, 1871, the county purchased from Matilda S. Hughes and Martin Hughes, her husband, the northeast quarter of sec- tion 27, township 58, range 35, for the purpose of a county poor farm. The price paid for this valuable property was eleven thousand dollars, less than the original cost of the elegant, but then scarcely' completed mansion on the premises. The court further expended one thousand dollars in the purchase of stock, agricultural implements, grain, etc., etc., then on the farm. They also made a further appropriation of one thou- sand dollars for completing and painting the building. On the 1st of September, 1871, the county poor were moved to this farm, of which James Spellman was first appointed Superintendent, while Dr. A. S. Long was retained as County Physician. Mr. Spellman remained in office till December 31, 1872, when he was succeeded by John Shehan who, in turn, served to July 6, 1874. The Judges on the county bench then were Fitzgerald, Taylor and Suther- land. Dr. A. S. Long continued to hold the office of County Physician till January, .1872, when he was succeed by Dr. Gray, who served till May of the same year, when he died. Dr. Samuel Goslee who had, for many years, while the poor farm was located near Sparta, filled the position of County Physician, was reappointed to succeed Dr. Gray. In the mean- time, falling sick, Doctors Geo. C. Catlett and E. A. Donelan discharged,, for Dr. Goslee, the duties of the position which, through illness, he was incapacitated from exercising. On the death of Dr. Goslee, which occurred in June, 1873, Dr. E. A. Donelan received the appointment of 212 HISTORY OF BUCHANAN COUNTY. County Physician. This office, the duties of which he discharged with ability, he continued to fill till his election from the city of St. Joseph to the State Legislature in the fall of 1877, when he was succeeded by the present (1881) incumbent, Dr. J. M. D. France. At the period when the present (1881) poor house building was •erected it was designed as a place of public entertainment. At that -time, the afterwards abandoned Savannah Railroad was being built through the farm, and Mr. Hughes confidently expected that a station would be put up at his gate. The railroad company, however, conclud- ing to locate the depot at Jamestown, a mile beyond, Mr. Hughes' success in his prospective enterprise was thus seriously impaired ; and the sub- sequent abandonment of the road and removal of the track completely destroyed every hope of his ever realizing any remuneration commen- surate with the outlay he had expended. This condition of things induced his disposal to the county of this beautifully improved spot, at the corr\paratively insignificant sum above mentioned. In 1873, the State Lunatic Asylum at Fulton being full and unable properly to accommodate applicants for admission, the mild and incura- ble patients of Buchanan County, to the number of about twenty, were sent home. To accommodate these, the County Court caused to be .erected on the premises of the poor farm, a frame building at a cost of $1,200, These remained there in charge of the County Poor House Superintendent till the completion of State Lunatic Asylum No. 2 in January, 1874, when they, thirty-five or forty in number, were removed to that institution. July 20, 1874, Bluford B. Allee, one of the early settlers of the county, and a constant resident of Bloomington Township from the year 1841, was appointed to the charge of the county poor farm, and immed- iately entered upon his duties. He was, at that time, in feeble health, and accepted with, some reluctance the position. On the 19th of August following, he died at the farm, regretted by all who knew him as a good citizen and an honest man. William Allee, his son, continued to super- intend the farm till the appointment of his successor, William Carson, in March, 1875. The county insane patients remained in State Lunatic Asylum No. .2 till the burning of the same, January 29, 1879, when the mild and incur- .able of these to the number of nineteen were sent back to the county farm. At that period, the establishment, including both buildings, was crowded with paupers, amounting to seventy-five in number ; and the absolute necessity of a building specially to accommodate the county insane became apparent. The County Court, composed of Judges Brown, Roberts and Mcln- .tyre, at the advice of the Superintendent, William Carson, and the County Physician, Dr. J. M. D. France, concluded to meet the demands HISTORY OF BUCHANAN COUNTY. 213 of a crying necessity and determined on the erection of a county asylum for the insane. The order for this building was issued in August, 1880, and the sum of ten thousand dollars, the amount set forth by the architect, W. A. Powell, as necessary and sufficient for the erection of such a structure, was granted for that purpose. The ten thousand dollars thus appropriated proved, however, insufficient for the completion of the building according to the plans and specifications of the architect, and work on the same was suspended till the following February, when the court made a further appropriation, and the structure was, forthwith, finished. In the following March it was occupied. The style of the building, while inexpensive, is substantial and architectural in appearance. It is 40 by 80 feet in extent. The sub- structure is a lofty stone basement. Above this rise two successive stories of brick, and the whole is crowned with a commodious and well ventilated attic. The interior of the building is furnished with every necessary appliance of modern convenience that could reasonably be looked for in a building of its character and cost. Every floor is heated by steam, and water is pumped from a well of inexhaustible supply ninety-one feet deep, and seven feet in diameter, affording a direct and ample supply to every floor in the building, each of which is provided with bath-rooms, water closets, etc. The building as it is, is adapted to the accommodation of 150 patients. There are at present (1881) twenty-one males and nineteen females in this asylum. There are five employes connected with the institution, two of whom are ladies. There has never been a more efficiently or economically managed institution in the State than the Buchanan County Lunatic Asylum. The original building, which was used for the poor house when the farm was first purchased by the county, and above referred to, is a gothic frame structure, ermined with beautiful grassy and well shaded grounds. The farm, on which it is situated joins the Andrew County line and is distant from St. Joseph, in a northeasterly direction, about three miles. It is one of the finest quarter sections of land in the county. Generally prairie, there is a' small amount of timber within its limits along the streams which traverse its surface, affording an excellent and unfailing 5upply of stock water. Besides the supply thus afforded there are .several excellent springs on the farm. Three good wells and four large cisterns are found on the premises. When William Carson, the present (1881) Superintendent, took possession of the county farm in March, 1875, the place had the appearance of a long deserted home. About one half the farm was in an imperfect state of cultivation. To-day, with the exception of about fifty acres in timothy and bluegrass, the entire 214 HISTORr OF RlTCHAlSrAN COUNTY. plaf e is in a hi^h state of cultivation, and presents the appearance of ai well-kept garden. In the spring of i8Si, one hundred and fifty hard maple trees were set. out for shade around the new asylum' building, nearly all of which have grown well. In September, iS/i, when the county poor were moved to this farm,, there were, in all, seven males and six: females in the institution ; and James Spellman was paid for his services as Superintendent one hundred dollars per month. During his period of service from September, 1871,. to December 31, 1872, there were, including 136 at different times dis- charged, in that i>eriod, 161 inmates. During John Shehan's administration from January i, 1873, to July 6, 1874, the average number per month of paupers was twenty-six. Mr^ Shehan's salary was ane hurrdred dollars per month. During the administration of Bluford Allee, fromi July, 1874, to March, 1875, seven months of which period, as above stated,, was served by his son (he having died a month after entering on his charge) the average number per month of paupers in the ir^titution was thirty. The Superintendent's salary was seventy-five dollars per month. March, 1875, William Carson took charge of the poor farm at a salary of sixty dollars per month, for one year. The average number of paupers per month during that period was thirty-two, the cost per day of each, 28 cents, including all expenses. March, 1876, William Carsoni was reappointed, at the same salary. The average number of paupers per month was, during the year, thirty-five. The cost per day of main- taining them, 28 cents. In March, 1877, he was again> appointed Superintendent, with the same salary. The average number of paupers per month during the ensuing year was thirty-sevem The cost of maintaining them^ 29 cents per day. This included the cost of keeping up the farm-fencing and outbuildings. In the year beginning March, 18.78, the average number of inmates- in the asylum per month was forty-three, and the cost of maintaining' them, 23 cents. From March, 1879, wh«n> Mr. Carson was again reappointed, to the close of the year, the average number, per month, of paupers was fifty- one. The Superintendent fed them^ during this period, for nine cents a day, the other expenses being paid by the county.. In the- month of May, 1879, nineteen insane paupers were moved to the County Poor Farm and placed in charge of the Superintendent. During the ten suc- ceeding months, the average montbly number of this class of paupers here was twenty-three. From March, 1880, to March, i88r„Wm. Carson still in charge; the average number per month of paupers ia the institution was. fifty-one.. HISTORY ©F BUCHANAN COUNTY. 215 Expense of feeding, 15 cents per day — all other charges paid by the •county. During that same period, the average monthly number of lunatics -in the County Asylum was twenty-five. The Superintendent is paid at the rate of $2.50 per week for furnishing this class of inmates with every -necessary, except clothing. During the year 1877, when the expense per head was 29 cents, a spacious barn 60 by 60 feet was erected, and a large cistern was also ■built. In March, 1881, William Carson was again re-elected to the position •of Superintendent of the County Poor Farm and County Lunatic Asylum, the superior efficiency of his management of these institutions being 'wniversally conceded. Among the most conspicuous of the public buildings for which Buchanan County is noted is the spacious and elegant strmcture of the STATE LUNATIC ASYLUM NO. 2. This is the only State institution within the limits of the county; and its vast proportions and stately elevation, no less than the import- ance of its object, render it one of the most notable features of this sec- tion of the State. The necessity of additional accommodations for the insane had long been seriously felt. It was not, however, till the 19th of March, 1872, that a bill passed the Legislature appropriating two hundred thousand dollars for a " Northwestern or Southwestern Lunatic Asylum." To carry into effect the provisions of this act, the following gentlemen were appointed a Board 'cif Commissioners: Wm. H. McHenry, of St. Louis ; Hon. Zach. J. Mitchell, of Lafayette County ; Joseph K. Rickey, of Cal- loway County ; Louis Hax, of St. Joseph ; and William E. Gilmore, of Springfield. In the month of May following, the commissioners, in quest of a suitable location for the asylum, visited several points in the western «nd northwestern parts of the State. On the 24th of the same month, fhey arrived in St. Joseph, and, on the following day, selected the present site, about three-fourths of a mile ■east of the city limits, the superior claims of this location triumphing •over the weighty irifluences browght to bear from Kansas City, Liberty^ Independence, and other points. On the 14th of June, following, the commissioners returned, and the -day after, purchased a tract of 120 acres of land, less than one mile east of the city limits, with which it communicates directly by Frederick avenue. The location is, in every respect, desirable, commanding an iexte,nsiv£ and .agreeable prospect, and presenting every -requisite of 2l6 HISTORY OF BUCHANAN COUNTY. beauty, convenience and health. The price paid for this land was twenty-eight thousand, eight hundred dollars. At the same meeting, the Board appointed Thomas Walsh, of St. Louis, architect and superintendent of the building. The plan, admira- ble in many respects, was miserably defective in the important matter of stairways, which were narrow, inconvenient and insufficient in number. About the middle of September, of the same year, the contract for etecting the building was let to M. H. Fitzgibbons, of St. Louis, for one hundred and eighty-eight thousand eight hundred and ninety-seven dollars, the work to be completed by January ist, 1874. This, the original building, afterwards destroyed by fire, fronted west with a width of 58 feet, and was 150 feet long. The structure was built with north and south wings, each 115^ feet long, rendering the entire north and south fronts 284 feet. The entire edifice was four stories high with basement. The basement and first story were 13 feet high in the clear; the second story, 12-3 ; the third, 1 1-6 ; and the attic, 1 1 feet. The fourth story, a Mansard, contained 48 dormer windows. The top of the roof of the main building had an alti- tude of 59 feet from the range work. On the front of the main build- ing, a clock and bell tower rose to the height of 1 1 5 feet from the ground. At the rear of the same section a snioke tower went up 100 feet. The walls were faced with stock brick and trimmed with Milwaukee brick. The arches were finished with spring, ring and keystone made of War- rensburg sandstone. The walls contained over 3,500,000 brick manufac- tured on the asylum grounds. The stone for the rubble work came from Fieldham's quarries, north of the city, and the cut stone from near Amazonia, in Andrew County. In the basement was located the domestic department ; and all the culinary work, washing, ironing, etc, was done there. The store-rooms and engine rooms were also located there, and the entire building was heated by steam generated in this department. The rooms for the patients and their attendants occupied the wings of the building. In the rear of the main structure were the dining-rooms and sleeping apart- ments of the domestics. The attic was designed for a large hall or recreation room. In the front part of the building were located the business offices, departments for the officers, reception rooms, etc. The first Board of Managers organized at the asylum March 2, 1874, These included A. H. Vories, R. L. McDonald, J. C. Roberts, Dr. E. A. Donelan, E. H. Norton, J. C. Evans and Dr. J. Malin. The members of the Board are appointed by the Governor, for a term of four years. They elect their own officers. A. H. Vories was elected the first Presi- dent of the Board, and Dr. J. Malin, Secretary. The Superuitendent is elected for four years. The Assistant Physician, Steward and Matron, are each elected for one year. Dr. Geo. C. Catlett was first elected HISTORY OF BUCHANAN COUNTY. 217 Superintendent ; Dr. A. P. Busey, Assistant Pliysician ; D. M. McDonald,, Steward ; A. M. Saxton, Treasurer. Their respective salaries were as, follows: Superintendent, $3,000 per annum; Assistant Physician,, $1,200; Steward, $1,500; Treasurer, $500. About the ist of September, 1874, the asylum was opened for the reception of patients. These, in a few weeks, amounted in number to about sixty. The extent of the building was then sufficient to accom- modate four times that number. Additions and improvements to tht asylum in the form of outbuildings were subsequently made at an expense of $20,000. About I P. M. of Saturday, January 25, 1879, the asylum was discov- ered to be on fire. The day was warm, for the season, and a heavy fall of snow was rapidly disappearing in mud and slush, which rendered any- thing like rapid approach from the city with means of extinguishing the fire a matter of no small difficulty. Attention being absorbed in rescu- ing the inmates, by means of the inconviently narrow stair cases, with which the asylum was provided, the building which, even with the wretched appliances for obtaining water on the ground, might other- wise have been saved, was destroyed. The Superintendent and Directors had vainly but repeatedly asked the Legislature for an appropriation to provide wings to the building for the purpose of accommodating additional and much needed stair- ways, apprehensive of danger in a possible emergency which did, ulti- mately, occur. There was not even a dollar of insurance on the build- ing at the time of the fire. At the time of the fire, there were 216 patients in the asylum. About forty of the most violent female patients were forthwith removed to the St. Joseph Medical College and kindly cared for under the supervision of Miss Dixon, an officer of the institution, and six attendant^. The remaining female patients were sent to the Court House in charge of Mrs. Calhoun, the worthy matron of the institution. The male patients were all taken to the Court House, where they remained till their removal, some time after, to a temporary building on the asylum ground. On the following morning after the fire, Sunday, January 26, 1879, a special extraordiary meeting of the Board of Trade was called for the purpose of relieving the distress occasioned by the destruction of the asylum. The object of the meeting was stated by Mr. Judson, who added that more than two hundred insane helpless creatures had been thrown upon the community by the late calamity, and that it became the duty, of the Board to assist in procuring for them suitable accom- modations, and to relieve their immediate necessities, as well as to secure a prompt and speedy rebuilding of the edifice by the State for the now homeless insane. 2l8 HISTORY OF BUCHANAN COUNTY. On motion, it was resolved that a committee of three, consisting of George Buell, W. F. Studebaker, and W. A. P. McDonald be appointed to co-operate with the committee from the asylum Board in securing immediate quarters for the large number of insane patients now quar- tered in the Court House ; this committee to report to the asylum man- agers at 3 P. M. It was further resolved that a committee of three be appointed to invite and accompany Hon. John Saunders, Hon. T. J. ^rowther, member^ of the Legislature from the city of St. Joseph, and all the architects, builders and contractors in the city on a visit to the ruins of the asylum, there to investigate the measure of loss and damage and to examine the standing walls, foundations and damaged materials, ar}d to estimate the amount necessary to rebuild or repair the structure. F. M. Posegate, A. L. Kerr and Geo. Hauck were appointed on this committee. On the afternoon of the same day a meeting of the Asylum Board of Directors was held in the Court House. Allen H. Vories, President, occupied the chair, with a full Board present : Col. J. H. R. Cundiff, ex-Gov. Silas Woodson, Dr. E. A. Donelan, Dr. J. Malin, J. C. Roberts, and R. L. McDonald. Gov. Woodson then read the following report : St. Joseph, January 26, 1879. Gentlemen : The' undersigned respectfully report that they have, imder the resolution of the Board adopted yesterday, as fully as possi- ble in the limited time allowed, investigated the cause of the disastrous fire that, on yesterday, destroyed the asylum building. It is manifest from the evidence taken by us, and which is herewith submitted to you, that the fire, without fault on the part of any one, so far as we are able to discover, was caused by heat communicated from the boilers used in the engine house to the frame work enclosing the coils of pipe used in heating the laundry and drying rooms of the asylum. From the evidence taken by us, it is shown that the box enclosing said coils of pipe was fourteen feet square, and three and a half or four feet deep, and was constructed of wood, rendered by use and constant heat, inflamable. That the inside of this box took fire, as before stated, and as it was closed up entirely, the flame was not visible until the box was broken open. After the flames had gone so far and the air in it had become so heated as to force the smoke through the crevices in it, and that when it was broken open, the. fire had attained so strong a hold that it could not be stopped with the inadequate facilities at command for the purpose. SILAS WOODSON, E. A. DONELAN, J. C. ROBERTS. The report was received and adopted. ■ HISTORY OF BUCHANAN COUNTY. 219 The second report was as follows : The committee requested to examine into the condition of the walls of State Lunatic Asylum No. 2, located east of St. Joseph, by the Board «f Managers of said asylum, and a committee appointed by the Board of Trade of St. Joseph, have the honor to report that we, the under- signed, have made an examination of the walls of said building, and do approximate the cost of rebuilding said building in a good and firm con- dition, to wit, as follows : That said walls can be used to the extent of three-fourths of the entire building, and that the sum of seventy-five thousand dollars will cover the expense of rebuilding. B. PATTON, BOETTNER & ECKEL, Architects, W. ANGELO POWELL, Architect, L. S. STIGERS, Architect, R. K. ALLEN, THOS. WINN, J. S. ELLIOTT, G. W. MORRIS, JAMES PATTON. At the period of the burning of the asylum, the State Legislature was in session. On Tuesday, January 29th, a Legislative committee from Jefferson City arrived in St. Joseph, and under escort of commit- tees from the Asylum Board and the Board of Trade, headed by Mayor Piner, visited the ruins of the asylum building, and made an inspection of the same. The Legislative committee then visited the Court House where a large number of the lunatics were confined. On the following day, they returned to their duties at the State Capital. The matter of location in rebuilding the asylum soon became a vexed question in the halls of the Legislature, numerous localities advancing claims and offering inducements to the building of the same in their respective midsts. Committees were appointed to visit these different claimants for the honor of holding State Lunatic Asylum No. 2, and much valuable time was thus wasted and expense incurred, when it was finally decided to rebuild the asylum on its original foundations near St. Joseph, as a matter of justice and economy. Accordingly, in May, 1879, the Legislature appropriated the sum of seventy-five thousand dollars to defray the expense of the same. In addition to this, the sum of $2,000 had been previously approprated for temporary relief The lunatics only remained three months in the Court House, whither they had been temporarily removed after the fire. They were afterwards placed in a temporary building erected on the asylum grounds, 100 feet from the main structure. The $2,000 appropriation above referred to, defrayed the expense of this building, which is now (1881) used for the purposes of laundry and carpenter shop. u 220 HISTORY OF BUCHANAN COUNTY. The architect of the rebuilt structure was S. V. Shipman, of Chicago ; Leman & Olsen, also of Chicago, were the contractors ; L. S. Stigers, of St. Joseph, superintended the work, which commenced August 12, 1879, ^i^d w^as completed March 25, 1880. About April ist, 1880, the lunatics were removed to the new building. The expense of rebuilding was less than the amount appropriated, the work being ably and economically conducted. The new structure is not only more spacious, but, in every respect, a vast improvement on the original building. Wings 40x60 feet were added to the north and south ends of the main edifice. These, each accommodate a broad and easy stairway, while a double stair case in the centre of the main building leads to the fourth story, with landings on each floor. In addition to these, there is a fifth stairway in the rear of the build- ing. In rebuilding, the Mansard (fourth) story was restored on the main or central structure, but left off from the wings. The entire roof is covered with the best quality of Vermont slate, and no stone or other material not entirely uninjured was allowed to be used in the reconstruc- tion of the building. Taught by a severe experience, every precaution that science could prompt or caution adopt has been applied to render the building absolutely safe from fire. About $2,400 was realized from the sale of damaged or scrap iron found in the ruins after the fire. The enlarged scale of the rebuilt structure affords accommodations for twenty-five additional patients. On the re-opening of the asylum in April, 1880, one hundred and fifteen lunatics were moved in. The present (1881) number is two hundred and eight, one half of whom are females. As may be supposed, there have been, from the period of its organ- ization, various changes in the Board of Management. The present, (1881) Board include A. H. Vories, Silas Woodson, Arthur Kirkpatrick, John Dpniphan, Dr. E. A. Donelan, Dr. J. Malin and R. L. McDonald. A. H. Vories is President, Dr. J. Malin Secretary, and A. M. Saxton Treasurer. The present officers of the asylum are, Dr. G. C. Catlett, Superin- tendent ; Dr. A. P. Busey, Assistant Physician ; L. H. Vories, Steward ; Miss Dixon, Matron. The Commissioners who had charge of the rebuilding of the asylum were A. Kirkpatrick, A. C. Dawes and G. C. Catlett. CHAPTER XIV. FINANCIAL AND POLITICAL. During the early history of the county, the resources were necessa- rily meagre from which the revenues were derived. The rate of taxation was correspondingly light. The first four or five years, the county expenses ranged from $1,500 to $3,000. The books were not kept in a very systematic manner and it is difficult now even, as it was then, to so far understand the system of bookkeeping as to be able to determine accurately the exact condition of the county finances. This much we do know, that with the very lim- ited resources at their command, the persons whose duty it was to man- age county affairs kept the machinery in operation and no large debts were incurred. A complete account of the finances of the county would, of itself, make a large book, and the facts necessary for such an authentic history are not at hand, even though we might desire to record them. There are to be found at various times throughout the county records certain facts whereby we are able to furnish only a brief idea of the county's financial affairs from the first. At the July term of the County Court, 1839, Samuel M. Gilmore, Collector, made the following settlement with the court : DR. To tax collected on merchants' license for state purposes $10.00 Ad valorem 2 , 50 To tax on grocers' license for state purposes 27 . 50 Ad valorem ...., 2.77J To tax on auction license for state purposes 10.00 To tax on ferry " " 4.00 $56,774 To tax on merchant's license for county purposes $10.00 To tax on grocers' " " 25.00 To tax on auction " " 5 .00 To tax on ferry " " 4.00 $44.00 222 HISTORY OF BUCHANAN COUNTY. At the October term of the court, 1839, the following settlement was made : DR. To tax on merchant's license for state purposes , $ 95 .00 Ad valorem 35-07 To, tax on groce4-s' license for state purposes . . .^ 20.00 Ad valorem. . .-. 2.88| To per cent, on auction sales 5 ■ 3 1 i $157-47 To tax on merchants' license for county purposes $ 95.00 To tax on grocers' " " 20.00 Ad valorem 50 $115.50 CR. By com. on $157.47, state tax $ 3-^5 By com. on $ 1 1 5 . 50, county tax 2.31 At the February term of the court, 1840, the following settlement was made : To amount collected on merchants' license for state purposes.. .$ 70.00 Ad valorem , ...... 12.37I To amount collected on grocers' license for state purposes 56.50 Ad valorem 5 . 34jf $144 To amount collected on merchants' license for county purposes . . $ 70 To amount collected on grocers' license 56 Ad valorem 3 21 00 50 44J 9Al $129 At the January term, 1841, Mr. Gilmore, the Collector, made the fol- lowing settlement for the years 1839 and 1840: DR. To amount collected, and with which he stands charged $ 924. 03I To amount tax-book for 1839 802 .86 To amount tax-book for 1840 1,251 .475 $2,978,372 CR. By amount of delinquent tax list for 1839 $ 33.24I By amount of George and Harvey Tracy's license 7 . 3/5 HISTORY OF BUCHANAN COUNTY. 223 By amount of C. P. Lown's license 6, i8| By amount of Gabriel Madden's license 7 ■ So By amount of poll tax not collected for 1839 12 . 50 By com. on tax collected on license 18 .06 By com. on revenue of 1839 53 00 By amount of Treasurer's receipts filed .... 1,282.70! Balance against Collector $i>557-79| At the September term, 1840, Thomas Mills was allowed the sum of nine dollars and thirty-six and one-half cents, in full for his services as Treasurer of Buchanan County for that year. At the May term of the Court, 1842, the following settlement was made, showing the amount of moneys accruing to the county of Buchanan from the sale of the sixteenth sections or school lands ; the amount of three per cent, fund belonging to the county ; the interest accrued on the same; the amount of interest in arrear ; from whom due, etc., and the receipts and expenditures of the county for the year ending the 2d day of May, 1842, as ascertained and made out by the County Court: Whole amount arising from the sale of school lands $6,835 3° Out of which was paid into the treasury 300.00 Balance outstanding on bonds $6,535 . 30 Amount of three per cent, fund belonging to county 810.OG Interest on same still due and unpaid 91 ■ 12^ The whole amount received into the treasury from the Col- lector from May i, 1841, to May 2, 1842, for revenue and tax on licenses of all kinds 768 . 00 The demands paid out of the treasury during the same period : Paid County Court Justices for services , $ 148 .oo Paid County Clerk for services 77-36 Paid Sheriff for distributing orders, poll book, etc . .... 60.00 Paid Circuit Clerk for services 16.25 Paid Sheriff for services in Circuit Court 57-00 Paid costs in criminal cases 241 .7^^ Paid L. B. Torrance for lever press 30.00 Paid John W. Bowen for press and table 21 .00 Paid William W. Reynolds for assessing county 57-00 Paid Hiram Roberts for benches and repairs made 4- 12^ Paid Michael Wallace for set of chairs 7 . 50 Paid Richard Hill for house rent 21 .00 224 HISTORY OF BUCHANAN COUNTY. Whole amount paid out 741 .01 Leaving a balance in treasury of 26.99 Whole amount received arising from the sale of lots in Sparta. 1,628.42! Amount paid on account of public buildings 1,627.85 Excess of receipts over expenditures ... 57| FINANCIAL CONDITION OF THE COUNTY IN MODERN TIMES. Amount of warrants issued in 1880 , ' $72,000.00 The following are the collections for 1880, to the credit of funds hereinafter mentioned : State revenue fund $37,023 .74 State interest fund 29,325.32 County revenue fund 76,716. 51 County revenue sinking fund 1,650 66 Road tax 6,478.71 Hannibal & St. Joseph R. R 872 . 44 St. Louis & St. Joseph R. R . . . 1,633.89 Chicago & Northwestern R. R 8.26 St. Louis & St. Joseph R. R., judgment tax 22,415.23 Poor farm tax 308 . 66 Bridge fund '. 211.56 Court house fund 206.32 Washington School tax (1-57-35) 39,007.65 Special schools in county 1 8,382 . 00 Special interest fund . 272.47 Bounty tax .44 Special sinking fund 272.47 County tax for city of St. Joseph 846 . 95 Interest 6,298 .06 $241,931.41 Whole amount of expenditures, 1842 $ 741 .01 Whole amount of expenditures, 1880 70,000.00 The following is the assessment of real and personal property in Buchanan County (City of St. Joseph and county), commenced August, 1880, for tax of 1 88 1. HISTORY OF BUCHANAN COUNTY. 225 < > u^ in 00 d s i 1 < ■< en 1 in c 10 ■< i-i •J < i-l "5 > OS, 1 u-1 1- vO' Is K < ^ iJ-> in M 0' ■«■ 1 (^ 00 00 t-l tn cfl" a ,- •< < :■ m u > 52 VO 00 \o' 4 > J a — 1 s I— < O > ■««- rt 4) "rt > 1) tuO rt Ui m > 1^ d 3 S > V tuO > 11 en Ui O O 1^ 3 45 rt > rt ^ i^H x ►H 00 ro vd \0 ro rt C O t/) ■a c rt "rt (0 >, J:^ a o .J^ +-» cu rt C o en u O, ■a c H 'G . tn X *" 5 >> ■'-' 2 c o 3 U O -rj rt in rt ^ o Si 52 _ rt rt _ • 5 :5 t' O « c/] a, S o J^ « < tn > O U-. ■* O m 10 o iriut ON r^ n S ^ M Sag ;? •* R >. Q M on 88 Q . as in •< % s o o > U CJ 5-0 c o 226 HISTORY OF BUCHANAN COUNTY. REAL AND PERSONAL. Assessment of real property had on the ist day of Aug., i88q, for tax of 1881. In City of St. Joseph, valuation of real estate ■. . . .$6,020,550 In county — outside of city — valuation of land 3,070,650 And the following towns : Winthrop $61,590 Agency ; 9,240 Easton ...;.. 9,050 DeKalb 7,470 Wallace 2,885 Jordan 800 Eveline 640 Valuation of Buchanan County — real estate $9,182,875 No. acres of land 25 1,489 No. of acres of land in town 250 Average value of land per acre $12.21 Average value of land, including county and towns 12.58 POLITICAL. In the early days, the people of Buchanan County did not trouble themselves much about political matters. They seemed to care more about the settlement of the country, and the increase of worldly goods, than office. One reason for this doubtless was that the pay was nothing extraordinary. The trouble in those days was to get men to take office. Now, however, it is difficult to keep dishonest and incompetent men out of office. For several years after the organization of the county, persons were elected to office more on account of their qualifications and popularity than for political reasons. In those days the office emphatically sought the man, and not the man the office. We find in several instances when the opposing candidates belonged to the same party, and sometimes when the county was entitled to two Representatives to the Legislature, a division was made and a Democrat and a Whig were elected. The foregoing is true of political parties in the first settlement of all Missouri counties, and Buchanan was no exception to the rule, except when party issues were raised and partisan lines were drawn. St. Joseph and the county were soon regarded by the political leaders of the state as consti- tuting a very important point, which was in the near future to exercise great political influence. They were the most important city and county HISTORY OF BUCHANAN COUNTY. 227 of the Platte 'Purchase, and, in fact, in Northwestern Missouri. From these reasons an effort was made in very early times by the leaders of the two dominant political parties, the Whig and the Democratic, to gain ascendancy in the county, and with this end in view they used their influence to persuade the more talented and ambitious young poli- ticians to locate here. The following is a synopsis of the vote of the county in 1846 : CANDIDATES. Congress. Willard P. Hall (Dem.) .... James H. Birch (Ind.) .... Senate. Jesse B. Thompson Robert M. Stewart , Representative. James B. Gardenbire Weston J. Everett Daniel G. Keedy . Circuit Clerk. William Fowler William A. McDonald .... County Clerk. William Fowler Jas. S. Goulding Head F. B. Kercbeval Sheriff. William Reynolds T. J. Ferrell James F. Hamilton Coroner. Jonathan Levy Wm. Ridenbaugb Wiley M. English Benjamin Catlett L. A. Pearcey Assessor. L. S. Cundifl Ellis S. Aslier E. Dixon Samuel Martin Hiram Roberts J. Shultz For the Constitution .... Against the Constitution ■ . . 91 37 68 48 5 127 108 13 92 45 62 73 88 34 J4 58 60 106 7 18 4 12 5° 44 320 181 120 4C0 215 122 178 248 271 300 2 35 170 243 1 06 170 58 362 SO 157 87 13 62 154 27 8 130 34 4 3 I 42 28 36 145 107 47 200 163 54 25 116 '43 140 69 25 ID 41 62 159 4 214 15 •56 19 I 16 33 121 44 160 43 54 15 158 47 9 no 105 146 3 54 III 76 22 "5 4 6 44 14 35 3 toi 8 76 40 28 46 1 103 505 419 1076 792 594 238 822 803 998 149 292 205 726 424 493 76 408 46 132 300 255 5«7 120 198 211 203 81 59' 338 228 HISTORY OF BUCHANAN COUNTY. Until i860, at the breaking out of the late civil war, Buchanan County was reliably Democratic, the majorities being always decisive. During the war, and for some years after, while the Drake constitution was in force, and until the election of B. Gratz Brown as Governor of the state, in 1870, the county was Republican. After the election of Mr. Brown, and when the political franchises were again accorded to the people, the county became, as usual, Democratic, which is its condition politically at this time (1881). There is scarcely anything to be found in the county's records from which to determine, at this late day, the exact condition of political par- ties, but enough is known that the county, since its organization, has been, with the exception of during the war period, and a few years thereafter. Democratic. VOTE IN DIFFERENT TOWNSHIPS, 1880. City of St. Joseph, proper 4,849 Agency Township. ^ 182 Bloomington Township ... 303 Centre Township 242 Crawford Township 338 Jackson Township 171 Lake Township ^ 49 Marion Township 390 Platte Township 203 Rush Township 495 Tremont Township .... 257 Wayne Township 210 Washington Township 695 Total 8,394 CHAPTER XV. BENCH AND BAR. ANDREW S. HUGHES— WM. B. ALMOND— THEODORE L. WHEATON— PETER H. BURNETT- HENRY M. VORIES— JAMES B. GARDENHIRE— DAVID R. ATCHISON- WILLARD P. HALL-SOLOMON L. LEONARD— BELA M. HUGHES— SILAS WOODSON— ROBERT M. STEWART— J. M. BASSETT— BENJAMIN F. LOAN— A. W. DONIPHAN— NAMES OF OTHER ATTORNEYS WHO CAME AT A MORE RECENT DATE. We here submit a few memorials of the bench and bar of Buchanan County and the " Platte Purchase." Every hour diminishes our recol- lections of by-gone days; but a few glimpses remairt, and a few short years will obliterate every view and vestige of what, in the passing pageants oi life, has been so interesting to us all. To one of the oldest representative members of the legal fraternity are we indebted for the following sketches of the men who were the pioneer attorneys of Buchanan County. GENERAL ANDREW S. HUGHES. "The first lawyer in the Platte country was General Andrew S. Hughes. General Hughes was said to have been a resident lawyer of Buchanan- County, from the fact that he was an Indian agent in the county up to the annexation of the Platte Purchase to the State. He owned a large farm and servants in Clay County, on which his wife and only son. General Bela M. Hughes, now of Denver, Colorado, resided, and on which he spent a portion' of his time when not engaged at Agency. I first knew General Hughes in Kentucky. He resided in Nicholas County; was a lawyer of some eminence and a brilliant advocate. Early as 1824, he represented the Senatorial district composed of the counties of Nicholas and Breckenridge in the Legislature of Kentucky. I resided at Augusta, Breckenridge County, and first met him when he was can- vassing for the Senate. He was appointed an Indian agent under the administration of John Q. Adams, in 1826. He was one of the most remarkable men, in many respects, of this or any other age. Kind of heart, cheerful, mirthful to hilarity, genial in manners, indeed geniality itself He possessed an inexhaustible fund of brilliant anecdotes, and a wit as keen and merciless as Swift's and a sar- 230 HISTORY OF BUCHANAN COUNTY. casm as blighting as Randolph's. One of the few men. of real genius I ever met. The emanations of real genius come from the Creator. Elab- oration is man's work and merely art. General Hughes was a man of real genius. I think he died in 1843, at Plattsburg, attending court. He got wet while crossing the Platte River and caught cold, and died from the effects of it, at the age of about 60 years. WILLIAM B. ALMOND. I think the next lawyer that settled in the Platte Purchase was Wil- liam B. Almond, who first settled in Platte City, and then removed to Sparta, Buchanan County, in 1839. Mr. Almond was a Virginian by birth, from Prince Edward County, and a graduate of Hampton Sidney College. He and Sterling Price were natives of the same county, and graduated at the same institution at about the same time. He was edu- cated with some care for a Presbyterian minister, but being of an adven- turous disposition, he went with the old fur company of Smith, Sublett & Jackson, to their depot in the Rocky Mountains, on the head waters of the Yellowstone. With the wages he received, (which wp re high, as the trip was dangerous), he returned to Virginia and studied law. He then returned to Missouri, and as soon as the Platte country was annexed to the state, he settled in Platte County. He had a very good practice in Buchanan County for a few years, and in 1844 he formed a partnership with Henry M. Vories, late Judge of the Supreme Court, which continued until 1849, when Almond went to California, still following his disposi- tion for travel and adventure. On his arrival there, through the influ- ence of Governor Burnett, of California, he was appointed Judge. He remained in California for several years. Having accumulated about $20,000 while there, he returned and permanently located in Platte City. He was elected Judge of that circuit, comprising the Platte country, in 1854. He only held the office a short time, resigning to return to Cali- fornia, to attend to some pecuniary matters. After his second return from California he practiced law in Platte City and Leavenworth until his death, which I think occurred in 1861, dying suddenly at the breakfast table in Leavenworth, while there attending court. Almond was a fluent speaker, without approaching or approximat- ing eloquence. He was a fair lawyer, and, while not an orator, was an honorable and successful advocate. THEODORE D. WHEATON. Theodore D. Wheaton came to St. Joseph just before or about the time Almond came to Sparta. Wheaton was from Connecticut, and was raised in the same town and educated at the same institution with Gov- HISTORY OF BUCHANAN COUNTY. 23 1 ernor Phelps. When he finished his education, he went to Virginia as a. schoolmaster, seeking employment. Having taught there acceptably for some years he immigrated to Saline County, Missouri, with a colony, at the head of whom was Maj. Harney, who was afterward Speaker of the General Assembly of Missouri. He taught school in Saline and in the interim studied law and then removed to St. Joseph, where he remained for several years until he removed to Savanitah. He repre- sented the County of Andrew once or twice in the Legislature. As a practitioner he displayed the coolness and tact incident to the Yankee character. He finally volunteered in the Second Missouri Regiment, under Colonel Price and went to Mexico, arriving while I was there. He remained in New Mexico and beckme a distinguished member of the bar of that territory, as well as a member of the House of Territorial Delegates. His success there as here was the result more of tact and shrewdness than real talent. PETER H. BURNETT. Peter H. Burnett, of San Francisco, was the first prosecuting attorney in the Buchanan County District. He has since been Governor of California, and Judge of the Supreme Court of that state. Few men . have had a more eventful life than Governor Burnett. He was a native of Tennessee. His father emigrated to Missouri when he was small, located in Clay County, which was then the extreme western county in Missouri. At about seventeen or eighteen years of age, he returned to Tennessee and acquired a very good English education, by the kindness of his mother's relative (the- Hardamans), a very distinguished family, after whom Hardaman County, Tennessee, was named. He partially studied law in Tennessee, but engaged in merchandizing as a sort of episode in his life. He was not successful and quit merchandising about as poor as he was when he began, rfe then returned to Missouri and com- menced merchandising in Liberty, when he again failed. In the interim, he had read law, carefully, and was really a very excellent lawyer for his age. After a few years practice he was appointed Circuit Attorney for that district. I brought him his commission from Jefferson City in the spring of 1841. He was one of the ablest prosecutors I ever met; the most industrious and indefatigable. No defendant ever found the state napping while Burnett was prosecutor. Having become largely involved by merchandising and seeing no speedy way of paying off his debts by the mere practice of law, he determined to go to Oregon. In 1843, with a large colony from Missouri, he and his family emigrated to Oregon. After many hardships, and some accidents, he arrived in that wild coun- try, located his land, and cut and split every rail himself that enclosed a quarter section of land that winter, and built a house etc. He engaged 232 HISTORY OF BUCHANAN COUNTY. actively and industriously in farming. In 1846, when the Oregon ques- tion was settled between England and America, locating the new line, the British Fur Company was compelled to remove further north. They employed Burnett to wind up their business. The remuneration received enabled him to purchase cattle and go more largely into farm- ing. When the gold fever commenced in California in 1848-9, it afforded a good market for his cattle, and he at once engaged in business there, from which he became wealthy. Out of the first moneys made he paid off his old debts, although barred by the statute of limitation. After he resigned as judge of the Supreme Court, he accepted the position of president of the Pacific Bank, at a salary of five thousand dollars per year, being a large stockholder himself in the bank. Last year, 1880, having grown feeble from age, and unwilling to attend to business any longer, he declined a re-election to the presidency of the bank, which was unanimously tendered him. He told them for the last year (1880) he had not rendered more than half service to the bank and declined to take but half his salary; they, however, passed a resolution tendering him all of the salary. He still declined to receive more than half Thus they parted. He then retired from business and is spending a quiet old age. His family of four children are all in prosperous circumstances. In California, a few years ago, I met his youngest daughter, a very beautiful and accomplished woman, the wife of Chief Justice Wallace of that state, and a man of more power and vigoi' of intellect, than any man I met in California. To sum up Governor Burnett: He was a man of spotless integrity, real philanthropy, indomitable energy, and a very high order of intellect. HENRY M. VORIES. Henry M. Vories was a native of Henry County, Kentucky, where he received a very common education in the common schools of that state. He emigrated to Indiana, where he led a varied life for some years, engaged in merchandising at a small village, combining farming and trading generally, and especially trading in hogs in the Cincinnati market, in which last business he declared to me that he broke three times in one week. When, growing tired of these employments, which were bootless and abortive, he studied law with Oliver Smith, of Indiana, who afterward became a United States Senator, and commenced the practice of law in a circuit abounding with good lawyers. Although he was only able to make a living, the contact with these men made him a sharp, ready practitioner, and a perfect master of the science of plead- ing under the old Chitty practice. He emigrated to Sparta, Missouri, HISTORY OF BUCHANAN COUNTY. 233 in 1843 or '44, where he commenced the practice of law, in partnership with Wm. B. Almond. I practiced with him in all the courts of North- western Missouri. We were often together and often opposed to each other. I may safely say he was the most unhandy man as an opponent I ever met. His early vocations in life had rendered him perfectly familiar with the prejudices, the habits, and the peculiar tastes of com- mon people, and therefore in selecting and addressing a jury he was a very formidable advocate. He was quick, shrewd, always cool and self- reliant. When the testimony of a witness happened to be the reverse of what he expected, he never showed any mark or trait of his disap- pointment in his face or manners. He remained in St. Joseph until 1855, moving there, I think, in 1846. He then removed to San Jose; Cali- nia. He remained in California two years, and, although he succeeded well in his profession, he preferred St. Joseph as a permanent home. After his return, he built a handsome suburban residence in St. Joseph, in which he resided until his death, which occurred in 1876. After a most successful practice in St. Joseph for some years, he was elected a judge of the Supreme Court of the State, which office he held until just before his death. Judge Vories was essentially a lawyer. He had a lawyer's mind. Some members of the profession are good lawyers theo- retically, but never successful practitioners, and others are quite superficial as lawyers, but by tact and energy succeed very well. The world rates them as good lawyers. Judge Vories was good in theory and in prac- tice. He was a thorough lawyer and the most formidable practitioner I ever met. He knew little of politics and had but little taste for gen- eral literature. His convictions, however, were always strong and fearlessly expressed. He was a Democrat of the old school and an unflinching Union man during the whole war. He lived as nearly up to the golden rule as any man I ever knew. JAMES B. GARDENHIRE. James B. Gardenhire came to Sparta soon after the county seat was located there, from Tennessee. Commenced the practice of law as a competitor of Almond, Vories and Hall ; was very modest and seemed to lack self-confidence, and was of a sensitive nature. He impressed me as having acquired a rather superficial knowledge of the law hastily, but had energy and industry, which soon enabled him to overcome these deficiencies of his early education. I could form no estimate, of his early education. He used good lan- guage — pure English — and seemed to have the ordinary literary acquire- ments of young men of that age. He was graceful in his manners and deportment, which evinced the fact that he had seen good society, but I 2 34 HISTORY OF BUCHANAN COUNTY. never heard him speak of his early life, his advantages, or want of edu- cation. He soon became a good lawyer, and was really an orator, although he occasionally failed to come up to what his friends expected. I have heard him make as brilliant speeches as any man I have heard in the Platte country. Very effective in law arguments before courts, a-nd as an advocate very effective before juries. He had considerable taste for politics and once represented Buchanan County in the Legislature, and was once a candidate for Congress. During his candidacy for Congress I heard him make two speeches, remarkable for their brilliancy, and in one of these he drew a parallel between Marshal Ney and Col. Benton. It was so thrillingly eloquent and pathetic that old men sobbed aloud. He became Attorney General of the state, and finally died at the head of some bureau in Washington, under Mr. Lincoln's administration. Owing to his delicate health, his efforts were not always equal; indeed, frequently, dissimilar. When his physique was all right, his efforts never disappointed his friends. He was as delicately constructed as a sensitive plant, in relation to his honor. GENERAL DAVID R. ATCHISON was the first judge of the new circuit, composed of the Platte Purchase and Clinton County. I drafted the bill forming the circuit, which was passed during the session of 1840-41. General Atchison was commis- sioned in February, 1841, by Governor Reynolds. I brought him his commission. General Atchison is so well known in the history of the state and nation that much labor is saved in giving a sketch of his life. His Hfe forms an important part in the history of the state, and his name will live in his land's language. General Atchison was born in August, 1807, in Fayette County, Kentucky, a few miles from Lexington, at a locality bearing the euphonious and poetical appellation of Frogtown. He was a graduate of Transyl- vania University, in its palmy days, under President Holly. His father afforded him every advantage in acquiring a very liberal education. He was a very ripe scholar ; of fine literary taste and very familiar with all the English classics. He emigrated to Missouri in the Spring ol 1830, and located at Liberty. He commenced practicing law at the same bar with me, and so continued until he was appointed judge. After I removed to Liberty, in 1833, we kept our offices together, although never partners, and were very warm personal friends, although politically, we were as wide apart as the poles. He was a strong State Rights Dem- ocrat, while I was a Whig of the most orthodox school. After he was appointed Judge, he removed to Platte City. I prac- ticed before him in all his courts during the whole time that he was % *|M \ '^ .ni ' ,1, I ,1 iill 9* ,*fESi'^ ' ^ "■ *" 'J ' 1' 'lift 111 MR^ -i» III ' I . I ; ' ' jl I I ■^^.N^^fe- !l' I HISTORY OF BUCHANAN COUNTY. 237 Judge. I was in the Court House engaged in a case, at Platte City, when he received his mail on the bench. I suspended the case in which I was engaged for a moment, until he could look at his letters, and I saw at once from his face, that there was something very unusual in one of them. He is too honest and straight-forward to have any concealments, and his face is of the same tell-tale order, suffusing readily under any excitement. I proceeded with the case, and when court adjourned for dinner, the Judge handed me a letter from Governor Reynolds, tender- ing him the U. S. Senatorship, for the unexpired term of Dr. Linn, who had died. This tender was made, I know, from subsequent conversations with Governor Reynolds, who was from the same county with me from Kentucky, without any request from Atchison or his friends. It was a spontaneous tender from an intellectual and patriotic Governor, to a man who was in every way worthy of the high position of United States Senator. I know that the Judge hesitated honestly and candidly in his accept- ance of the position, and offered reasons which were candid and, to him, were forcible. After his having submitted them very fully to me, I said : "Judge, fortune does not shower her favors on us very often, and a man should not turn his plate bottom upwards when it does happen, but should turn the right side up and catch all he can. Your refusal will mortify Governor Reynolds, and as you have some political ambition, you ought to accept. It is your duty to do it. We have never had any Senator from the western half of the State." The Judge and I were rooming together at the hotel. I do not know that he did or did not, consult any other person on the subject. He wrote a very modest letter to the Governor, thanking him and accepting the position. He served not only acceptably in the Senate for twelve years, but served in that august body as its President, and acted as Vice-President of the United States, after the death of King. While practicing law in Liberty, he was fond of hunting, and very successful as a hunter, fond of social life, and indulged in the excitement of politics, so that with a portion of the community who do not know what it takes to constitute a lawyer, he did not rate so high as he would have done if he had stayed in his office, although not professionally employed. He had a clear, bright, logical mind ; had studied law well, and kept up with his profes- sion by constant reading, when he was not engaged actively out of doors. The position he took in any case he sustained with ability, and when /he was on the right side he rarely failed of success. I deemed him one of the best lawyers, and consulted him more frequently than I did any one else. As a judge he was quick, expeditious and industrious ; seemed to arrive at his conclusions almost intuitively, and his high sense of jus- tice always enabled him to decide equitably. I never knew a judge who 15 238 HISTORY OF BUCHANAN COUNTY. gave such universal satisfaction, and although his friends were glad ta see him elevated to a higher sphere they regretted to see him abandon the bench. General Atchison went into the Southern army and remained until he became dissatisfied, not with the cause, but the rrjanagement of the army. He was essentially a State Rights Democrat of the Calhoun school. General Atchison was never married, and since the war has been living on his farm in Clinton County, enjoying the privacy of quiet life, deriving his enjoyment from the associations of numerous warm personal friends and a large library. He has warm patriotism enough to make him anxious for the future welfare of his country, and is Cincinnatus enough to be satisfied with his herd, his fields and his household gods. WILLARD p. HALL 'Was born in Jefferson County, Virginia, at Harper's Ferry, in 18 — , and' is, therefore, sixty years of age. He was educated partly in Balti- more, and graduated at Yale College. His education, of course, was very thorough and ample, coming from such an institution. The family, (his father having died,) removed, shortly after he graduated, to Randolph County, Missouri. He studied law, probably with his brother. Judge William Hall, Judge of the Circuit Court in Missouri. He was very industrious and energetic and devoted his energies, physical and mental, to his profession. I am not aware that he ever practiced law before he came to Sparta. He was then a very ripe lawyer for his age, and one of the best lawyers I ever met. System and order and logical arrangement were natural with him. His eyes soon became diseased and annoyed him for some years. This, I always supposed, came from intense over-study, using his eyes too much by lamp or gas light. He succeeded at once. Plain and simple in his manners as a child, naturally frank and easy with every one, he soon became a favorite, and from his youthful appearance, even a pet with his older friends. He succeeded, I think. Governor Burnett, as Prosecuting Attorney, and was a very efficient officer. He prevented grand juries from presenting anything that could not be sustained and prosecuted with great energy those he believed guilty. He was as an^ officer very conscientious. In 1844 he was selected by the State Demo- cratic Convention as one of the Electors, and I was a candidate for Elector on the Whig side. I met him often. He conducted the canvass with marked ability for one so young. He had the criminal law, and especially the statutes of the State, at his finger ends, and could readily refer to them in a.moment's time. During this canvas Governor Hall's speeches would greatly astonish those who HISTORY OF BUCHANAN COUNTY. 239 have only known him in the past twenty years. He then, not without suc- cess, essayed the higher realms of oratory, and, although he occasionally let the eagle loose, he was clear, bright, logical and concise. For the last twenty years his style has been but little rriore than conversational, still, marked with even more of its original' terseness, vigor and logical con- ciseness. He never thinks of indulging in pathos, or poetry or mere dec- oration. He gained a very high rank during the canvass, of which I have spoken, as a public speaker and as a well informed politician. To this, added to his high reputation as a lawyer, he was indebted for his iirst nomination'to Congress, over many older and able politicians of his party. This was in the spring of 1846, and during the canvas Col. James H. Birch (late Judge Birch,) was his opponent as an Independent Democrat. Gov- ernor Hall volunteered as a private in the First Regiment of Missouri Cavalry. This he was induced to do, because he had been a strong advo- cate of the annexation of Texas, and the Mexican War having grown out of that annexation, he was taunted as not being willing to incur the con- sequences, which his course and that of his friends had brought on the country. He went with us as far as Santa Fe, New Mexico, doing duty as a private faithfully. Soon after we arrived in Santa Fe I received a letter from my father-in-law. Colonel Thornton, giving a sufficient number of the returns to ensure the election of Mr. Hall by a very large majority. I showed that letter to Mr. Hall and to General Harney, and General Harney at once, as a matter of courtesy, and as he should have done, released Governor Hall from all involuntary duty. General Harney hav- ing orders to go to New Mexico with a part of the troops, in the dis- charge of an order he received from Washington, to devise temporary laws for the people of that territory, requested Governor Hall and myself to prepare laws for that territory to conform to the conditions of the territory, and to be in conformity with the civil institutions of our own country. We organized a Legislature consisting of Governor Hall and myself, and about six clerks, and the work of legislation was never more rapidly performed, each of us frequently dictating to two or three clerks at a time. In a few days we were able to present to General Harney a code of laws, which he was kind enough to approve, sign, as military Governor, and promulgate for the government of the people. It is aston- ishing, considering the short time we had been there and our limited means of information, that we should have written a code that Congress, after the annexation of the territory, re-enacted, and whi^ch after thirty- five years I found still in vogue in 1881. Governor Hall determined not to return to the states until after he had seen more of the west, so that he might be more capable to legislate for its wants. Colonel Philip St. George Cook, having been left by General Kear- ney, when he started to California, to take command of a battalion of 500 240 HISTORY OF BUCHANAN COUNTY. Mormon soldiers and conduct them to California as soon as they arrived and were outfitted, now took up the line of march and Hall accompanied Colonel Cbok to the Pacific Ocean, going by the route of the Heyla River. He came back with Kearney the next spring to the states. It is a fact not generally known that the first gold discovered in California was discovered by two of the soldiers under Cook's command at Sutter's Mills. Hall returned and took his seat in Congress in the winter of 1847 and remairifed there till March, 1853, having been elected three times. He made' a very industrious, efficient and popular representative of his district and at the end of his third term declined to become a candidate for re-election. He remained in private life, devoting himself assidu- ously to the study and practice of his profession, and attained as high a reputation as a lawyer as any man in the state. Iti February, 1861, he was elected to the state convention, which convention was called by an act of the General Assembly for the pur- pose of ascertaining the position the state should take in reference to the secession of the cotton states. He was elected and took his seat as an avowed Union man, and after Governor Jackson had abandoned the state, that convention proceeded to form a provisional government, and proceeded to elect state officers. Hamilton R. Gamble, of St. Louis, was elected Governor, and Willard P. Hall, Lieutenant Governor. Gov- ernor Gamble died during his term and the office of Governor was filled by Mt. Hall. Times were exceedingly exciting, as the war was still rag- ing in Missouri, as well as elsewhere, and much trouble and anxiety nec- essarily devolved upon the Governor. It is imposible to give any detail of his aets while Governor, as any one month of which would more than fill this sketch. His administration was as satisfactory as it could have been to all conservative men. At the expiration of his term of office, he resumed the practice of law in St. Joseph, which he has followed ever since. He has been employed in all the important cases since his return to the practice, and has added greatly to his well earned reputation as a law- yer before the war. He has sought no office or position since. On the contrary. Governor Hardin told me that he had twice offered him the position of Supreme Judge since the death of Judge Vories, but that Mr. Hall had declined both times. SOLOMON L. LEONARD was one of the early immigrants to the Platte country. He had been engaged in teaching school at the time of his coming. He was in mod- erate circumstances, indeed might be termed poor, but he had pluck and perseverance enough' for two. men, but succeeded rather slowly at the HISTORY OF BUCHANAN COUNTY. 24I practice of law. He lived on a small farm two miles from Platte City, about twenty acres of which he cleared and cultivated. From these two sources he made barely a comfortable subsistence. In 1843, I think, the state was entitled to five hundred thousand acres of public land, and Solomon L. Leonard was appointed a commissioner to select land for the state. The compensation he received for the same enabled him to purchase the land on which he resided and on which his wife now resides., east of St. Joseph. In 1844 or '45, he was appointed judge of that circuit to fill a vacancy occasioned by the resignation of Henderson Young, who had been judge for about one year after General Atchison's resignation. He continued in office until 1852, when he declined being a candidate for re-election. In most respects he was a model judge ; commencing court every morn- ing early at the very moment to which it was adjourned. Every day he got through the docket of that day, if it could be done by dark. Lawyers had to work hard, and those who were not fond of hard work found fault. I always found him courteous and respectful to all members of the bar. The hard work imposed on the bar was not the result of any arbitrary feeling on his part, but a determination and an honest purpose to subserve the interest of the public properly. It would be better for the bar and public if more judges would follow the same course. After he retired from the bench he formed a partnerthip in the prac- tice of law with General Bela M. Hughes. It was a very able firm, and while it continued it had as much practice as it could attend to. Judge Leon- ard's wealth gradually increased, and the property he left made all his family rich. The increase of his property and the business consequent upon it, induced him to abandon the practice almost entirely. During the first year of the war, in 1861, he went south, whether to carry his negroes south or to engage in the Southern cause, I do not know. He was drowned at Fort Gibson, Indian Territory, in Grand River, in that year. Judge Leonard had as much will-power as any man I ever knew, and a large volume of brain power. He was a man of strong prejudices — his enemies could hardly do right, and his friends could scarcely do wrong. He was aware of these prejudices, and brought his strong will- ■ power to control them on the bench, which he did successfully. He was devoted to his family, and educated his daughters with a great deal of care, regardless of expense. Rather impatient by nature, yet he was fond of legal and logical discussion, and listened with patience to lawyers of any ability. We were warm personal friends, and I deemed him a just and able judge. GENERAL- BELA M. HUGHES was the son of General Andrew S. Hughes, herein mentioned, and born 242 HISTORY OF BUCHANAN COUNTY. in Nicholas County, Kentucky. His mother was a sister to Thomas Metcalf, who was a captain in the war of i8i2, a Member of Congress for many years, Governor of the State, and then a United States Senator. Coming from such a stock on the respective sides, it would naturally be supposed that General Hughes would be a man of high order of intel- lect. Those whose anticipations were the highest have not been disap- pointed. He graduated at Augusta College, Kentucky. Immediately after he graduated he went to Wisconsin Territory as a private secretary of the Territorial Governor. He was introduced into social and political life under favorable auspices. While there he improved his learning, much from men and books. Coming to Missouri, he commenced the study of law, but having married when he was very young, and having six or eight thousand dollars in his own right, he thought it would be better to accumulate a fortune rapidly by engaging in merchandising and commerce. He located at Weston, Platte County. As he knew nothing of business, it did not take him long to lose half of his fortune. He sold out, re-engaged in the study, and finally in the practice of his profession. He succeeded very well from the start ; was elected to the Legisla- ture from that county ; and appointed Receiver of Public Moneys at the United States Land Office at Plattsburg, Missouri. He remained there until General Taylor was elected in 1848, and although his uncle, who was then a Whig Senator from Kentucky, and myself and others, who knew General Taylor well, assured him he would not be removed, his delicate sense of propriety induced him to resign (he being a Democrat), saying that he " would not hold an office which, under the custom of parties, belonged to some Whig." He removed to St. Joseph, and lived there as long as he remained in the State. He formed a partnership, first with Solomon L. Leonard, and afterwards with Silas Woodson. Both these • partnerships were remunerative. Governor Woodson was appointed Judge of that circuit, and General Hughes went to Atchison, Kansas, more for the purpose of attending to the varied interests of his cousin, Benjamin Holliday, the distinguished pioneer in steamship lines, rail- roads, and overland mail. This business required many long and dan- gerous voyages to Colorado, Salt Lake, and San Francisco, in connection with the Holliday mail route. Selecting Denver as a central position for the route, he finally located there, removed his family and made it* his permanent home. When his connection with Holliday had term- inated, he resumed his profession, and at a bound placed himself at the head of the able bar of Colorado, which position he maintains now (1881). He is employed in all the important suits arising from railroads, mines, telegraphs, and stock operations. He has acquired a fortune by his close attention to business, and with'the wonderful sucess with which he has met. I have spent six summers in Colorado ; have often heard HISTORY OF BUCHANAN COUNTY. 243 him in courts, and was there when he was nominated by the Democrats -of that state for Governor, and during his brilliant canvas. His speeches were marked by the caustic wit, sharp repartee, and boundless humor that characterized his father, with much more learning and general • attainments. He may be deemed an eminent jurist and orator, and I know personally of his receiving a letter from one of the most distin- guished jurists in New York asking his opinion in relation to his con- struction of a very ambiguous statute, saying "that he would rather have his opinion than any other lawyer, and that his clients would pay him liberally for it." His great ability, integrity, and attention to business, assures us that he will always retain his business and practice as large as he desires. SILAS WOODSON. My first acquaintance with Silas Woodson was at Plattsburg, in the fall of 1854. I was then attending court and was employed to assist Hughes and Leonard and General Loan in the defense of Wm. Langston, charged with murder. The case had been pending some time in Buchanan County, and finally had been taken to Clinton County; but I was only employed in the case at the term at which it was tried. Gov- ernor Woodson had recently emigrated from Knox County, Kentucky, to St. Joseph, and some of the citizens of St. Joseph had employed him to assist in the prosecution of Langston. We had been several days engaged in examining the testimony and had closed on both sides. While I was writing some instructions at my room. General Loan and Judge Leonard came in and told me Mr. Woodson complained of being sick, and desired to make the closing argument in the case instead of the opening. I told them that I had an invariable rule that I would not depart from, that the circuit attorney must make the closing argument in every criminal case in which Lwas engaged. In a few minutes after they left Mr. Woodson came in, and told me he was not well, and being a stranger did not like to address a jury under disadvantageous circum- stances. It was a strong appeal to my courtesy and I felt somewhat inclined to accede to his request, but I had read the trial of Dr. Baker, who was tried and convicted for murder in Kentucky, and a Mr. Wood- son had been the prosecuting attorney. It occurred to me me that he might possibly be the man. I asked him if he had been prosecuting attorney when Dr. Baker was tried. He said he had. I said, " Mr. Woodson, 3. prosecutor who was able to meet and gain a victory over the most eminent attorneys and advocates in the Union, is able to pros- ecute against such lawyers as Langston has, even though he is sick. I regret that my dutj'- to my client compels me to be apparently discour- 244 HISTORY OF BUCHANAN COUNTY. teous. You cannot make the closing argument in this case." An hour afterward, the instructions had been given by the court, and Mr. Wood- son commenced his address, which for ability, brilliancy and pathos I have never heard equaled. I regret that I have not language that will convey even the faintest idea of this torrent of eloquent invective. In i860, he was elected judge of the 12th Judicial Circuit, in which position he gave universal satisfaction, and at the expiration of his term,, with a most enviable reputation, again resumed the practice of law. As a practitioner, he takes rank among the leading lawyers of the state, and his professional associates cheerfully concede his eminent ability in criminal cases. The vital interests of the largest corporations, the equally important rights of the humblest citizen, alike command his services, and whether the fee is a fortune or a farthing, he devotes his- best abilities and his constant attention to the success of his client. In August, 1872, quite unexpectedly to himself, he was nominated by the State Democratic Convention as candidate for Governor of Mis- souri, and was elected to that office by a large majority, and served for two years with distinguished ability. No blemish mars the purity of his private life. He is one of the few men, who, through a long public career, have never once neglected or betrayed any trust reposed in them. His motto is, and his action has alwEtys been, to do what right and justice demand, leaving consequences to take care of themselves. He possesses an earnest nature, great energy and firmness, a clear judgment, with comprehensive and analytical mind and a heart full of true charity and noble impulses. ROBERT M. STEWART. The name of Robert M. Stewart has been familiar not only to the people of Buchanan County, but of the State of Missouri, for over forty years. In fact it has been completely indentified with the history of the state. He was born in Truxton, Courtland County, New York, on the 1 2th day of March, 181 J. His parents being in limited circumstances, he was compelled to depend upon his own exertions for an education, a task faithfully performed. From the time he was seventeen until twenty-one years of age, he taught school part of each year, devoting the remainder of his time to preparing himself for the practice of the law. At the age of twenty-one he graduated in the legal profession and was admitted to the bar. In the spring of 1837, he removed to Louisville, Kentucky, and engaged in the practice of his profession, but suffering from sickness most of the summer, he removed to his old home in New York and remained during the winter, returning to Louisville again in the spring of 1838. During that summer, in addition to the practice of the law, he was HISTORY OF BUCHANAN CO'LTNTY. 245 engaged in the newspaper business with James Birney Marshall. In the fall of that year he removed to St. Charles, Missouri, where he remained some two years. In 1839, Governor Stewart came to Buchanan County, and located at what was then known as Bloomington, but is now DeKalb, where he entered a claim. Here he continued the practice of his profession, at the same time taking an active part in every movement to advance the pros- perity of the country, until 1845. He then removed to St. Joseph, and was shortly thereafter elected a delegate from the Senatorial District to the Convention to amend the State Constitution, over Jesse B. Thomp- son, one of the best men in the county. In the proceedings of that body his fine talents and excellent judgment gave him a prominent position. In 1846, he was elected to the State Senate, again beating Mr. Thomp- son, and continued to hold the office until 1857, when he was elected Governor of Missouri, to fill a vacancy, occasioned by the selection of Governor Trusten Polk to the United States Senate. The duties of the latter office he discharged with ability for three years. In 1847, Governor Stewart raised a company for the "Oregon Battalion," for service in the Mexican war, and was elected as its Captain over the late Colonel Samuel Hall. He went with the battalion as far as Fort Kearney, but was com- pelled to return on account of ill-health. For some two years thereafter he suffered from severe illness, but managed to discharge his duties as State Senator. In 1848 he was appointed Register of the Land Office at Savannah, but resigned the position in a few weeks, for the purpose of engaging in the preliminary survey of the Hannibal and St. Joseph Rail- road, a task which he completed at his own expense. In 1861, he was elected member of the convention called to consider the question of secession, in which body he took strong grounds in favor of retaining the state in the Union. His last appearance in political life was in 1862, when he announced his name as a candidate for Congress in this district, but withdrew from the race shortly after the announce- ment. Almost immediately after his election to the Senate, Governor Stew- art was appointed chairman of the committee on internal improvements, a position he continued to occupy as long as he remained a member of that body. He was the first to inaugurate the grand system of public improvements which has contributed so much to the prosperity of our state, and devoted himself particularly to the railroad interests. It is prin- cipally owing to his exertions that the construction of the Hannibal & St. Joseph road is due, and he was also the author of the "Omnibus bill," under which the railroad system of the state was projected and built up. Every measure looking to improvement and the development of the resources of Missouri received his hearty support, both while in the Sen- ate and in the executive chair. 246 HISTORY OF BUCHANAN COUNTY. Governor Stewart was a man ofa high order of intellect. His pros- pects at one time were by no means limited to this state. It was within his grasp to have not only made his influence more powerful in Missouri, but felt throughout the Union. In a national point of view his unrelent- ing hostility to Colonel Thos. H. Benton, effecting his defeat for the Senate, and his decided stand against secession when the great contest seemed to hinge upon the action of Missouri, were the most important passages in his history. GENERAL J. M. BASSETT. J. M. Bassett was born in New Haven, Connecticut, February 7, 1817. He came with his father, when a small boy, to Ohio, and at the age often years removed to Springfield, Illinois, where he completed his •education. He read law with Governor Cailin, and was admitted to the bar by Judge Stephen A. Douglas. Afterward he opened an office in ■Quincy, Illinois, and after several years of successful practice came to Plattsburg, Clinton County, Missouri, in 1844, where he remained two years. While here he was elected a delegate to the Constitutional Con- vention, and came. to St. Joseph shortly after the labors of that convention were closed. He soon became one of the leading lawyers of the Platte country. He served four years as prosecuting attorney of this judicial district. Was elected Mayor of Bt. Joseph in 1855. At the breaking out of the Var he espoused the cause of the Union, and did much to rally the loyal -sentiment of Northwest Missouri. He was captain of a company of mili- tia and was for two years Provost Marshal of this district. General Bassett was a ready and powerful writer ; generous, pleas- ant, social and charitable. He was a fluent speaker, and strong in argu- ment, and his success before juries and judges was proverbial. Keen, cool, shrewd and cautious, his speeches in court often veined with glowing sarcasm, were not only models of terseness and force, but revealed a background of study, reflection and special preparation, which stamped him as one of the foremost lawyers of Northwest Mis- souri. He seemed to rise with the occasion when the subject in hand ■demanded intellect and power. Then it was he would pour forth argu- -ment, and hurl invective and eloquent appeals to the jury, sweeping •everything before him. Whenever he devoted his full powers to a case, no client in the West had a more safe, competent and successful advocate. General Bassett died in 1871. BENJAMIN F. LOAN. I first knew the late General Loan in Platte County. He was born in Hardensburg, Breckenridge County, Kentucky, in 1819. He remained HISTORY OF BUCHA-NAN COUNTY. 247 at the old home in Kentucky until 1838, when he came to Missouri and settled in Platte County. He commenced reading law in Platte City with Isaac N. Jones, in 1842. After two years spent in close study, he obtained a license and located in Buchanan County. He was an active, industrious, painstaking and conscientious, attorney. He was a deep thinker and a ripe scholar in legal and political lore, and possessed great personal honor and integrity, and was admired by not only his brother attorneys but no one spoke of him but to praise. When the late civil war broke out he took an active part in military affairs, and was appointed Brigadier General. In 1862 he was elected to a seat in the Thirty-eighth Congress, and served as a member of the committees on Pacific railroads, and Freedmen, and Debts of loyal states, and other committees. During the Fortieth Congress he was chairman of the committee on revolutionary pensions and on that of Freedmen's affairs. In 1869 he was appointed visitor to West Point. He was the Republican candidate for Congress in 1876, and was defeated by Hon. David Rea. These in brief are the salient points of one of the most pop- ular, one of the ablest and best known lawyers in the "Platte Purchase." General Loan died at his home in St. Joseph on the 30th day of March, 1881, at the age of sixty-two years. The St. Joseph bar held a meeting on the occasion of his death, the proceedings of which we here give : " The adjourned meeting of the Bar Association of St. Joseph was iheld in the Circuit Court room yesterday afternoon at half-past four. •General Craig, as chairman, called the meeting to order, and requested the chairman of the committee, appointed to wait upon the family of General Loan to ascertain their desire as to the funeral arrangements, to report. Mr. Allen H. Vories then informed the meeting that General Loan's family had expressed their wish that the bar should take charge ■of the funeral, which was to take place at two o'clock this afternoon. Mr. Vories suggested that the bar should not monopolize the funeral arrangements, but should invite a number of citizens to assist in the ■obsequies. It was moved and seconded that six members of the bar be appointed pall bearers, with authority to select four citizens to act with them in the •same capacity. Messrs. Vories and Vineyard were appointed by the chair to select the legal pall bearers, and made choice of the following gentlemen : Gov. Woodson, Gen. Craig, Judge Tutt, Gov. Hall, John D. Strong and A. H. Vories. The committee on- resolutions was then called upon to report and did so through Mr. Benj. R. Vineyard, as follows: Whereas, We have learned with profound sorrow of the death of our friend and professional brother, Hon. B. F. Loan, and 248 HISTORV OF BUCHANAN CX>UNTY. Whereas, We deem it fitting^ that the living should suitably com- memorate the virtues of the dead, therefore Resolved, That we, the members of the bar of St. Joseph, bear wit- ness that through the crucial test of a long and active practice in a pro- fession which, more than any other, tries and makes known to his fellows the real character of a maw, Benjamin F. Loan has passed, without an imputation of the slightest neglect of a client's interest or of the courte- sies and fair dealings due to an opponent ;. that his life is a noble illus- tration of the truth that untiring industry and unswerving honesty are the essential elements of real success in our own, no less than in the other avocations of life ; and we direct the attention of every young man who wvuld gain an enviable distinction in the legal profession tO' the course and career of the deceased as worthy of the highest emulation. Resolved, That our departed brother was true to the interests com- mitted to him in all the relations of life ; that he was a. faithful public servant, a steadfast friend, a devoted husband, an estimable citizen and an honest man. Resol'ped, That as a mark of respect to the memory of the deceased, we request the Judge to adjourn the Circuit Court of this county, now in session, during the day of the funeral, and that the members of this bar attend the funeral in a body. Resolved, That the secretary of this meeting furnish a copy of these resolutions to the press of the city for publication, also a copy thereof to the family of the deceased, and also- a copy thereof to Alex. D. Vories, by him to be presented to the Judge of the Buchanan Circuit Court, with a request that they may, with other proceedings of this meeting, be spread in full upon the records of said court. B- R. VINEYARD, JOHN S. CROSBY, W. H. SHERMAN, H. M. RAMEY, \ Committee. JAMES CRAIG, M. R. SINGLETON, W. P. HALL, Jr. RESOLQTIONS OF THE MERCHANTS' BANK DIRECTORS. At a meeting of the directors of the Merchants' Bank, with which General Loan had long been identified, held yesterday, the following resolutions were adopted r Whereas, It has pleased Almighty God, in His divine providence, to remove from our midst our valued friend and associate, the Hon. Benjamin F. Loan, therefore be it Resolved, by the Board of Directors of the Merchants' Bank, that in the death of the Hon. Benjamin F. Loan, this board has lost a member whose counsels were of the utmost value to the interests of the institu- tion, and that we, individually, have lost a friend and associate whose death is deeply and sincerely deplored ; and be it further Resolved, That we sympathize most sincerely with t-he family and relatives of our deceased friend in this hour of their sad bereavement ; and be it .further HISTORY OF BUCHANAN COUNTY, 249 Resolved, That these resolutions be spread at length upon the min- utes of the board, and that a copy signed by the president be sent to, the family of our deceased friend. St. Joseph, Mo., March 31, 1881. After reading the resolutions Mr, Vineyard said that it seemed strange to him to stand among his professional brethren and miss the form of General Loan. Only two days ago he was engaged in the active duties of bis profession, and now he was no longer among us. Not very long ago General Loan had said to him that he would go soon and go suddenly, and his foreboding had proved true. He had known the deceased since 1866, and had enjoyed his disinterested friendship. Of his military and congressional record, he would let others speak, but as a lawyer he had found him frank, upright and sincere. General Loan never made a promise to a brother lawyer that he did not faithfully keep.. His zeal for his clients was unbounded, while he was ever an indefatiga- ble worker. To pronounce this eulogy was a sad task, not because the subject did not deserve it, but because he was no more. The chairman here suggested that the youngest member of the bar be selected to present the resolutions to the Circuit Court. The sug- gestion was adopted. Mr. R. T. Davis then addressed the meeting and recalled his last conversation with General Loan. It was the opinion of the deceased that young lawyers should stick to their practice and avoid politics. He had such a high appreciation of the bar of St. Joseph that he told the speaker that nothing could induce him to reside away from this city. Free passes to Chicago- and New York, a large income and nothing to do would have no temptation to him, compared with the society of his friends, if he had to give up the latter to enjoy the former. Mr. Allen Vories next addressed the meeting ; General Loan's death had not been altogether unexpected by him, but by that death he had lost his most confidential friend and he could not reconcile himself to his loss. For thirty years a close friendship had existed between himself and the deceased. If ever there was an honest man General Loan was that man. Ever faithful to his clients he was the soul of honor in his dealings with all men. Among the members of this bar he had not one enemy. Outside of his professional career he had no enjoyments, and was so attached to the members of the St. Joseph bar that he had determined to spend all his days among them. Of his proficiency as a lawyer it was not necessary to speak. The harder the case the better lawyer General Loan proved himself to be. His courtesy to other attorneys was remarkable. "By his death," concluded Mr. Vories, "I have lost my best friend," Mr. Thomas had known General Loan for eleven years, and had frequently, as a young man, applied to' him for advice, and had always 250 HISTORY OF BUCHANAN COUNTY. found him gracious and courteous. Wtiether opposed to him or associ- ated with him, he always exhibited a courtesy which was extended to all the attorneys with whom he cams in contact. His loss will be greatly felt. Mr. Thomas endorsed the sentiments of the resolutions. Mr. H. K. White said that General Loan had attained the high degree of philosophy which enabled him to endure differences of opinion without giving up personal regard. In his adherence to the ideas of the past upon legal matters, General Loan had many sharp conflicts with the rising generation, but from these antagonisms an unkind personal feel- ing had never once been developed. Mr. John S. Crosby, as a younger member of the bar, paid an earnest tribute to the friendliness toward young members of his profession, which characterized General Loan. He also referred to the .strong domestic affections of the deceased, which he had had occasion to witness. ' Carry- ing with him a heavy and constant burden of disease and suffering which would have made most men morose, he was always cheerful and good natured. Mr. P. V. Wise said that he had so long associated with General Loan that he did not consider it inappropriate on his part to make a few remarks. The deceased was a man who took for his motto "deeds not words.'' He acted justly from a principle of right and not from the hope of future reward. He was satisfied to practice the golden rule. Not- withstanding the industrious habits of the deceased he enjoyed philo- sophical contemplation, and believed that the best of all lives was to so live here that when the great change came there would be nothing to repent of He fulfilled William Cullen Bryant's noble lines : "So live that when ihy summons come to join The innumerable caravan which moves To that mysterious realm where each shall take His chamber in the silent halls of death, Thou go not, like the quarry sfave at night. Scourged to his dungeon, but sustained and soothed By an unfaltering trust, approach thy grave. Like one that wraps the drapery of his couch About him, and lies down to pleasant dreams." The chairman then said that he first knew General Loan thirty-five years ago, when he was struggling to earn his first town lot. In those days he had traveled the circuit with him, had observed his course dur- ing the war, and had known him intimately as -a Congressman, and he had always found him honest. During the days of political corruption that followed the war, no man had ever dared to say that General Loan had taken a dollar that was not his own. His home life was full of ten- der affection, one long honeymoon. It has been said that he was not without a presentiment of his approaching end, and on Tuesday called HISTORY OF BUCHANAN COUNTY. 351 at the bank and transferred some bonds from his own name to that of his wife. In all the relations of life he, General Craig, had never known a better man than Benjamin F. Loan. Mr. J. F. Fitt said that he was with the deceased in his last labors, and gave .some details of his sudden illness. Mr. Mosman paid a brief tri- bute to the worth of General Loan, and the meeting adjourned to meet at the funeral to-day at 2 o'clock." Among those who attended the first courts in this judicial district at Old Sparta and St. Joseph was GENERAL A. W. DONIPHAN, who was born in Mason County, Kentucky, July 9th, 1808. His ances- tors on both paternal and maternal lines were of English extraction. His father and mother were natives of Virginia, his father being a revo- lutionary soldier. His mother was a woman of extraordinary mental powers and sparkling wit. He graduated at Augusta College, Kentucky, at the early age of eighteen years, with distinction, especially in the classics. He studied law in the office of Martin P. Marshall, of Ken- tucky. After a period of two years he was licensed to practice law by the Supreme Court of Ohio. In March, 1830, he came to Missouri, and was licensed to practice by its Supreme Court, at Fayette, in the suc- ceeding month. On the 19th of April, 1830, he settled in Lexington, Missouri, and began his long, successful and brilliant forensic career. At the age of twenty-two, without experience, he was placed in collision with Abiel Leonard, Robert W. Wells, Peyton R. Hayden and others, gentlemen eminent for ability and legal attainments. His maiden speech at the bar was made in 1830, in defense of a man indicted for murder. His conduct in this trial was modest, and gave evidence of the dawning of that reputation as a criminal lawyer which he afterward attained. In 1837, he removed to Liberty, Missouri, which he made his home for the succeeding thirty years. There he found, already established in the practice of law, those distinguished lawyers, D. R. Atchison, Amos Rees and James M. Hughes. His experience at Lexington had been preparatory ; at Liberty his reputation attained its zenith. Doniphan was young, ambitious, highly cultured, and his mind expanded with ease to meet the magnitude of each new occasion. The faculty of ready, powerful and tempestuous speech — the flashes of brilliant thought had come to him, and the people of the state at once recognized him as an orator. In 1836, 1840 and in 1854 he represented Clay County in the Legis- lature without opposition. He was a member of the Peace Conference of 1861. In 1846, occurred the war with Mexico, and in May, 1846, he was elected Colonel of the First regiment Missouri Mounted Volunteers. 252 HISTORY OF BUCHANAN COUNTY. The laurels won by Colonel Doniphan and his men during the Mex- ican war are among the brightest that grace the American arms, and the memory of them will be as enduring as time itself. In the varied circumstaraces of life Colonel Doniphan has exerted a great influence. In parliamentary bodies he has done this mainly through social impress and personal contact. He is fascinating in conversation, and his society is sought wherever he goes. His mind acts with quick- ness 'and precision. His temperament is poetic, even romantic, but is guarded by fine taste and the most delicate sense of] the ludicrous. His mind is so well organized, so nicely balanced, its machinery so happily fitted, its stores of information so well digested, and so completely made a part of the brain, that its riches, without apparent effort, flow or flash forth on all occasions, and it places each subject or object it touches in a flood of light. Nature has endowed him munificently. He now leads a quiet life at Richmond, Missouri, devoting himself entirely to the amusements of reading, correspondence and converse with his myriad of friends. We have given short biographical sketches of only those members ■of the bar who came to St. Joseph and the " Platte Purchase " at an early day. In addition will be found below a short and incomplete list of names of other members of the St. Joseph bar. There have been many itinerant lawyers and journeymen counselors, many of whom are doubt- ,less still living and known to the reader, and others are dead or have removed elsewhere, that have practiced a,t the St. Joseph courts. We should be glad to give them all, but our limited space will preclude us from doing more than merely chronicling their names. ATTORNEYS WHO LIVED AT SPARTA. Amos Rees, Wm. B. Almond, Henry M. Vories, Benj. F. Loan, Lawrence Archer, Wm. Cannon, Jas. B. Gardenhire, W. P. Hall, Robert M. Stewart, Andrew Hughes, Peter H. Burnett. AT ST. JOSEPH, Sol. L. Leonard, Sam'l Ensworth, Jonathan M. Bassett, John Wilson, Washington Jones, W. Broadus Thompson, W. A. Cunningham, B. M. Hughes, M. Jeff" Thompson, Thomas P. Conner, A. P. Hereford, Thomas Harbine, I. B. Hereford, Isaac C. Parker, HISTORY OF BUCHANAN COUNTY. 253 J. J. Wyatt, George Baxter, John C. C. Thornton, A. W. Slayback, E. I. Montague, T. A. Green, G. D. Green, H. L. Harrington, A. D. Reed, Thomas Thoroughman, Alex. Davis, S. Judson, Charles W. Wright, Thomas Parish, T. W. Collins, A. D. May, Wm. H. Miller, Peter T. Able, Murat Masterson, John T. Baldwin, L. L. Richmond, Wm. H. Campbell, Wm. Moorp, Theodore Wheaton, Geo. H. Hall, B. O. Diskoll, Jas. M. Dunning, C. M. Lincbln, Bruce Toole, W. G. Swan, W. C. Smith, J.' M. Breaker, A. Y. Shields, Wm. Loan) Philloman Bliss, Capt. Lee, A. D. Maderia, Jos. Terrill, Hunter, Jos. H. Burnett, J. Hodges, Wm. H. Pagan, John Ritchie, Fred. Brown, L. M. Lawson, Bennett Pike, Jeff Chandler, S. A. Young. Jos. Early, W. S. Everett, E. O. Hill, Jas. M. Strong, Wm. Henry, Andrew Royal, W. D. Webb, F. VanWaters, Tobias Mitchell, David Rea, Wm. T. Hughes, Daniel Sullivan, John R. Boyd, P. V. Wise, Wilson Shannon, Foote, Wise, Frank Ransom, F. Babcock, Samuel Irvine, D. M. Johnson, James C. Roberts, John Donovan, Warren Toole, Samuel Word, James Shields, James Davis, Jas. T. Beach, C. C. Colt, Wm. Bliss, Thomas Parker, A. W. Terrill, James Hunter, James Lucas, Wm. M. Albin, John K. Cravens, Jas. A. Owen, • John B. Rea, John Jones, R. Lewis, 16 254 HISTORY OF BUCHANAN COUNTY. Wra. D. O'Toole, Fin. R. Hanna, R. H. Lykins, Mordicai Oliver, Sr., M. Oliver, Jr., John D. Strong, E. S. Gosney, J. C. Heddenberg, S. B. Green, Enos Crowthers, A. Saltzman, H. K. White, E. H. Fudge, O. M. Spencer, W. P. Hall, Sr., L. E. Carter, Vinton Pike, James W. Boyd, W. D. B. Hotter, W. E. Sherwood, W. Fitzgerald, W. K. James, John S. Crosby, — Suffler, James H. Pratt, John M. Stewart, Franklin Porter, B. R. Vineyard, Minor Shortridge, A. D. Kirk, E. G. Adams, W. H. Sherman, John Doniphan, W. C. Toole, W. Hoynes, James Sutherland, James W. Porch, T. E. Battoin, S. A. Gilbert, W. Gilbert, R. P. Giles. C. A. Mosman, E. C. Zimmerman, Henry Martin, A. D. Green, James Ringo, H. E. Barnard, Litt R. Lancaster, Joseph P. Grubb, W. P. Hall, Jr., Stone, John F. Tyler, James F. Pitt, Winslow Judson, Robert Musser, John Ryan, James P. Thomas, Silas Woodson, Anderson, Allen H. Vories, H. M. Ramey, F. S. Winn, A. D. Vories, Thomas F. Ryan, L. H. Moss, H. Tutt, Harrison Branch, George Burgess, M. A. Reed, Benjamin J. Woodson, J. L. Sutherland, M. R. Singleton, George W. Burgess. CHAPTER XVI. CRIMES, INCIDENTS AND ACCIDENTS. All organized counties and communities, it matters not what may be their geographical location or what may be their general moral and religious status, have a criminal record. Some of these records are replete with deeds of violence and bloodshed, while others are not so bad. Buchanan County is no exception to this universal rule, yet from the date of its settlement to the present time it has been comparatively exempt, not only as to the number of crimes committed in proportion to population, but in the degree of atrocity with which they have been per- petrated. There are, however, some facts of a criminal character which belong to the legitimate history of the county, and are of such import- ance that they may be narrated in this work. The most noted murder ever committed in the county was that of EDWARD H. WILLARD. The facts connected therewith are, we presume, all set forth in the con- fession of Augustus Otis Jennings, one of the parties to the murder, and who was executed near St. Joseph on the second day of September, 1853. Before, however, giving the confession, we shall here insert the letter of Sterling Price, at the time Governor of Mjssouri, written to General Bela M. Hughes and others, declining to commute the death sentence which had by the courts been passed upon Jennings. The following is a copy of the Governor's letter which we take from an old number of the Jefferson City Examiner of that date : Executive Department, | City of Jefferson, Mo., >- August 20, 1853. ) To Captain Bela M. Hughes, and six hundred other citizens of Buchanan County: Sir : Having received from yourself and many other citizens of Buchanan County, very large petitions praying the commutation of the sentence of death which was passed upon Augustus Jennings, convicted at the last term of tTie Circuit Court of said|pounty, and whose 'day of execution is rapidly approaching, I embrace the opportunity thus afforded of presenting my conclusions, after having bestowed upon the subject that serious consideration which its great importance demands. 256 HISTORY OF BUCHANAN COUNTY. In the exercise of the varied powers with which I have been clothed by virtue of the responsible position to which my fellow citizens have called me, it is needless for me to say more, than that I have endeavored to discharge them with an eye single to the honor of our state, and with a proper regard for the supremacy of the law. Among the multiplied duties which surround me, there are none which demands greater inves- tigation, or more serious thought, than such cases as are presented to my consideration, growing out of the enforcement of the criminal code. The executive officer who will undertake a disposition of the almost numberless cases of this character, which are from time to time pre- sented for his action, must necessarily clothe himself with the great attribute of mercy. But notwithstanding its claims, there is still another attribute- — justice — which cannot be disregarded without a sacrifice of the great ends of good government. And here permit me to add that my own experience has taught me that nothing is more natural, or savors more strongly of true nobility of heart, than exhibitions of true sympathy for other's woes ; while on the other hand a few dangers are greater than such as grow out of a too liberal disposition to witness the violation of law. In this day we too frequently see the gross offender escaping the penalty which he has justly incurred. Crimes of the deepest dye are being constantly committed, and in far too many instances, for the public good, the offender goes unwhipt of justice. Is there not, then, great danger, judging from the increasing amount of crime throughout our land, that the too frequent interposition of executive clemency will have the effect to increase, rather than dimin- ish, the number of those who seek to become its subjects .'' Impressed with these considerations, and believing that our laws are based upon the great principles of human justice, it rarely occurs that executive interpositions are attended with happy results. With reference to the case of young Jennings, after a strict examination of the evidence, I am unable to see one extenuating circumstance — but, on the other hand, the whole plan of murder seems to have been conceived in cold blood and executed with a love of vengeance which is absolutely astounding and revolting. The deliberation of the act, the cruel and tortuous manner which was selected of murdering the deceased, surpasses anything in the annals of crime. With a due regard, therefore, to all the facts, which in this case assumes far more than ordinary consequence, involv- ing, as it does, human life itself, my best convictions of duty prompt me to decline any interference with the course of justice which has already been prescribed by the properly constituted authorities under our law. I have the honor to be very respectfully. Your obedient servant, STERLING PRICE. The following is the confession of Jennings : St. Joseph, Mo., September ist, 1853. The following is the voluntary confession of Augustus Otis Jennings, condemned for the murder of Edward H. Willard, made in the presence of several witnesses : H I have thought that the ends of justice, the claims' of humanity, and the honor of my family require th'is, a frank confession on my part, of HISTORY OF BUCHANAN COUNTY. 25/ the part I and others acted in the unfortunate murder of Willard. My conscience prompts me to such a course, and although a man in my con- dition—condemned to die for a high crime, may not enjoy the public confidence, so far as his word is concerned, I am persuaded, corroborated as my confession is by the testimony of others, the power of simple truth will place me right before the bar of public opinion. In the fear of God, with the certain prospect of death before me in few days, I make this confession and exposure. I became acquainted with Willard, if my memory serves me right, in the spring of 1852, some four or five months before his death. I never saw his family — his wife, that I know of, nor did he ever see my family. They were never acquainted ; and his acquaintance and mine was what we might call a street acquaintance — knew each other on the street. We also had some little business transaction, as the sequel will develop. With Langston, Jones and Anderson, who stand charged with the sume offense with myself, I became acquainted at different periods. With Langston about twelve months, with Jones and Anderson only a few days before Willard's death. Between them and myself, or their families and mine, there never has been any particular intimacy. Willard professed to be a carpenter by trade, but was doing business in St. Joseph as an auctioneer. He was also settling up the business of a Mr. Miller, deceased, at least so I understood from him, and as such employed me to make arid set a paling round the grave of the deceased Miller. For that labor I charged Willard twenty dollars. In addition to this I had another account charged on my books against him, of two dol- lars and a half — making in all twenty-two dollars and fifty cents. This debt was incurred in June, 1852. I believed him to be an honorable man, and had no doubt that he would pay me for this labor. He promised to pay me as soon as the work should be finished. I had to pay the money out of my own pocket for the materials. I was poor, and had a family to maintain entirely by my own labor, arid consequently needed the pay. I called on him at a suitable time and told him my wants, and he promised to pay me soon. I called again, and again, and he always told me the sarne thing. I soon began to have doubts about his paying me at all. I thought he had means and was able, but did not intend to pay what he justly owed me. This somewhat soured my feelings, ,and led me into, or to take that part I did in the affair that unfortunately ended in his death. For here, per- mit me to anticipate the: sequel by remarking that in all that painful affair, my only and constant motive was to use some coercive measures to terrify Willard and make him pay me what he owed me — not even to lynch, much less to kill, but merely to frighten, was my whole object when I began the affair. Nor did I, up to the very moment of his death, intend doing anything else than frighten him into the payment of his debts. I believed him to able, but unwilling to pay. Subsequent developments have, however, satisfied me that the poor fellow had not means to pay his debts. The very first intimation that I had, from any source whatever, that Willard was to be lynched till he would pay his debts, was in the office of Craig & Jones, on the morning of his death. The first explicit declara- tion of an intent to whip Willard was as we went out to the woods, where he was whipped to death. If Langston, Anderson and Jones either or 258 HISTORY OF BUCHANAN. COUNTY. all of them intended anything more than terrify him, or perhaps whip him, they would have told me of it. With the cowhide and rope which I purchased, circumstantially as related by the witness dn my trial, I intended to frighten Willard, and if used at all, only in lynching him. Before we started out to the woods Langston told me that Willard said that he had forty-five dollars hid out there in the neighborhood of the grave yard ; that he had buried it there while I was setting the paling around Miller's grave. I asked Willard in Langston's presence if he had, and he answered, " I said it." I understood from Anderson, on the day of Willard's death, that Willard owed him fifteen dollars, borrowed money. Of Langston I understood that he went Willard's security for license to auctioneer, per- haps forty-five dollars. From Jones I never understood that Willard was in his debt at all. With this preface, I will go back and detail the transactions of that day, that ended in Willard's death. Of the sale of Willard's property, and the confusion and scramble among his creditors, that took place the day before Willard's death, it is not necessary for me to say much, as that is all well known to the pub- lic, and, in fact, I know but very little about it. I was there but a few moments. The sale was entirely over when I went to the railroad depot. Purchasers were then carrying away the property when I came up. Of the many threats against Willard, said to have been on that occasion, I heard none. I heard Dr. Harding using scurrilous language and contemptuous epithets to Willard, and I saw the doctor wring Wil- lard's nose. I told the doctor to let him alone ; that he owed me more money than he did him, that it was best to let him alone, &c., about as detailed by the witnesses on my trial. If Copeland made any threats against Willard that day, I did not hear them ; nor did I ever hear him make any. Willard seemed to be drunk, and made no reply to Harding, nor to anybody, that I heard. That night I expected that some division would be made of the result of Willard's sale, and being unwell myself, I went to see my partner in business, Mr. Beal, to g'et him to go and attend to getting our propor- tion of Willard's property, or the money that it brought at the sale. Beal was himself unable to go ; he was that evening sunstuck danger- ously ill, and he could not go. Then I returned home, and, after spend- ing a few minutes, went to the depot to learn what had been done, or what was likely to be done. Here I learned that Willard had gone to his residence and reported himself sick, and had sent for a physician, and that the doctor (Howard) had reported him to be drunk, or that Willard's wife had put her head out of the window and stated to persons outside that he was drunk, and when drunk he was a fool, and to wait till morning, and all things should be right. With this information, satis- fied that matters would be satisfactorily arranged in the morning, I returned back home. I should suppose it to have been between ten and eleven at night, when I returned home. I did not leave my residence till after breakfast next morning. I did not see, hear from or correspond with Langston, Anderson, Jones, one nor all, nor with any body else that night, in reference to Willard. HISTORY OF BUCHANAN COUNTY. 259 1 was not apprized of any design or intent to coerce Wiiliard into a payment of his debts. I had not then thought of such a thing myself I was acting only with the view to secure my own rights. I was not very well. I remained at home through the night, and till after breakfast the next morning. / The next morning, early after breakfast, I saw Langston, Anderson and Willard, all three together, going in the direction of McNew's cab- inet shop. After they entered McNew's shop I went across the street to the shop and met them coming out of the shop. McNew was not in at the time. As they came out they saw McNew coming up, and they wanted to see McNew. Willard and McNew went into the wareroom for a private conversation. They remained ten or fifteen minutes in the private room before they came out. During this private conversation, Langston and Anderson walked across the square, I do not now recol- lect where. I remained in front of the shop till they came out. Of the purport of that private conversation, or what Willard wished to see McNew for I then had no idea. ********* At the time they came out I was walking back and fro before the shop door. I was a stranger to McNew — never had spoken to him, and was waiting to speak to Willard on my own business. Up to this hour there was no concert among us ; at least none that I knew of in refer- ence to taking Willard to the woods. Some eighteen paces from McNew's shop, as they came out I met them, and asked them "where they were going." One of them, (I do not know which) .said "they were going up street." I paused about the shop door awhile to see where they were going, thinking they were going to get something to drink. After they passed all the drinking- houses without stopping, I then started after them. They walked slow, appeared to be engaged in conversation, and I overtook them about the time they entered Craig & Jones' law office. Their business in Craig & Jones' office I did not know, nor have I since been informed. Nothing that occurred during the subsequent part of the day threw any light on that part of their conduct. McNew, he understood, went with him from his shop to the law office. During the time that Willard was conversing in the back room with Craig or Jones, McNew, Langston, Anderson and myself were sitting in the office, and there was no remark, as I recollect, made by any of us in reference to Willard at all. Langston made some remark about the ■"jewelry," " if they were ready," or something to that import. Ander- son then by the movement of his hands towards his pantaloons pocket, which he partly opened, exposed partly to view what I then supposed to be a pair of handcuffs. I afterwards learned that they were handcuffs. This was the first intimation I had of any intent even to frighten Willard. I remarked to Anderson that he had better not show that. He then pushed it back into his pocket. I knew that McNew was an officer — as such it flashed into my mind, immediately, that they intended to take Willard into the bushes and frighten him till he would agree to pay his debts, and I thought it was foolish to expose these handcuffs before McNew, was my reason for cautioning Anderson not to show them. I here formed in my own mind, what I have since found was a very imperfect idea of what was intended to be done with Wiiliard. Had I 26o HISTORY OF BUCHANAN COUNTY. been aware of the results I never should have gone into it. Believing- it was only to take him out and frighten him, and at furtherest only to lynch him, I connived at it. Here my guilt began. Up to this- hour I was an innocent man. In conniving at this I lost my innocence. I have ruined myself. I have ruined my family. I shall lose my life. Would to God I had left the room, left the company, and gone to my business. About the time that Anderson exposed his handcuffs, Langston called me across the room to him, ajid privately slipped a dime into my hand, making no remark whatever. I had an idea that he meant some- thing by that act, but was not certain what ; but thought it meant to go and treat myself I went out a square or two, meditating on the mean- ing of the act of Langston. It had something peculiar and undefinable about it. I returned without treating myself They appeared to be waiting for my return. And Langston asked if I had the instrument. I asked what instrument ? He whispered to me and said, " a cowhide and a rope, too." He said he had no more change or he would give it to me. I told him I had change enough to buy a rope— pretty nearly as detailed by the witness. I then went and bought the rope and the cowhide. Whilst gone after the rope and cowhide, or on my return with them, I came up the alley to the Copeland House, and went into the side door into the billiard room, passed through the bar-room, out at the door, and there I saw Finney, the Deputy Constable ; asked him if he had seen Copeland within an hour or so. He said he had not. I told him Copeland wished to see him down on Main Street. This I told him, to get him off in another part of town, that he might not see what was going on. Copeland was township Constable. On my return to Craig's office they were ready waiting, and they came out, and Langston asked, "If I were ready.-'" I answered I was. They then stepped out into the middle of the street together, and had a short conversation, while I lingered on the sidewalk. Here Willard seemed reluctant to go, and said something about going back to the Mayor's office. Langston told him that " he had been there once ; that the Mayor would do nothing for him." McNew was not there when I returned, and I saw him no more till after Willard's death. It was during this conversation, in the middle of the street, before the law office, Langston, seeing that I hesitated about going any further, called me to th'era, and remarked that Wilard had forty-five dollars hid out by the grave-yard. Whereupon I asked Willard if he had. He answered, " I said it." Langston told Jones, or remarked in general, that we ought to have some whisky to carry along, and asked Jones "if he could go and get some." Jones answered, "he could," and started off down street in the direction of the Copeland House. We then started off up street in the direction of the grave-yard, Willard walking between Langston and Anderson, while I lingered some ten or fifteen paces behind. I did not notice any threatening or menacing actions or language upon the part of Langston or Anderson towards Willard till after we passed the last house on the road towards the grave- yard or the woods, where Willard was whipped. During this time, as we walked out to the woods, as I lingered behind, I run over in my mind the object of our visit out there, with what might follow, and had some misgivings in mind about going any further, but thought that Willard needed some chastisement; perhaps he might have the money hid out HISTORY OF BUCHANAN COUNTY. 26 1 there ; that I had commenced, and that I would at least go out and see the sequel. When we arrived at the foot of the hill, they stopped in the middle of the road till I came up, and Langston remarked to me, "we might as well show him the varment" meaning the cowhide. Whereupon I drew out the cowhide. Langston took it out of my hand and rather flourished it before Willard's face, asking him how he liked the looks of it. Wil- lard remarked to me "Jennings that's not for me, is it.''" I answered, I hope not ; show us the money, and do the thing that is right and it shall not be." We then went on to the top of the hill some ' three hundred yards and stopped in the middle of the road. Willard seemed to be indiffer- ent about going to where he said the money was hid, and here said he had none, and wanted to come to town — wanted to go and see old Johnny Crooms. Said he could get the money of him, &c. I told him that was only a come off, and that Crooms would not let him have the money. Other remarks of the same character were made for a few minutes, when Langston remarked, "Willard, you have lied long enough — it is time you had shed your linsey." With this remark, Langston commenced unbut- toning Willard's vest. Unbuttoning his vest, Langston discovered in Willard's bosom, or under the waistband of his pantaloons, a butcher knife. Langston snatched it out of Willard's clothes and drew it back behind him. He did not draw it back in such a way as to lead me to suppose that he intended to stick it into Willard. Buit Jones seemed to appre- hend something of the kind, for he snatched it out of Langston's hand and gave it to me, and told me to keep it and not let Langston have it. I did so — put it in my bosom and kept it until after Willard was dead, and then put it in his hat and set it near his head, with his coat and vest, after we had packed him away from where he had died to the place where he was found by the crowd that went out. About the time that I took the butcher knife (it was an old one, looked like it had been much used about the house ; it was loosely hung in his pants, without any scabbard) Langston slapped Willard in the face with his open hand. Jones interfered, laid his hand on Langston and said, "don't strike him that way, Billy." Langston desisted — struck him no more; but pulled off Willard's coat and vest and laid them down in the woods. Here Jones came up with a man whose name I understood was Matthews. I never saw him before nor heard of him, and have never seen him since Willard's death, and do not know what become of him. I shall speak more about him directly. Jones produced his bottle of whisky and we all took a drink round, Willard, Matthews and all. I, however, put the bottle to my mouth but could not drink, it was too hot I had been sick, and was then salivated and my mouth was quite, sore. Langston then took Willard by the arm and led him off into the bushes. Willard made no resistance. I picked up Willard's coat and vest and carried them with me, and we all,. Anderson, Jones, Matthews and myself followed a few steps behind. We went some twenty-five or thirty paces into the thicket west of the road, when Langston stopped with Willard, and we all clustered around them. Langston then asked for the " Jewelry, " and Anderson pulled out the hand-cuffs. Langston 262 HISTORY OF BUCHANAN COUNTY. told Willard to pull off his shirt. I stepped up and said it would answer to turn it up. Langston said it would be in the way. Anderson said it was not worth while to tear up his shirt. Willard then pulled of his shirt and hat and laid them down near where he stood. Anderson then stepped up with the hand-cuffs and tried to put them on Willard but could not do it right. Langston then took the hand-cuffs from Ander- son and put them on Willard himself Here I produced the rope and Anderson fastended it to the hand-cuffs and looked around for a suitable tree to tie Willard to. A little red-bud sapling stood not far off. Ander- son looked at it and said, "I guess this will do," and tied the other end of the rope to the tree. Willard now standing up with his hands stretched up nearly on a level with the top of his head and a foot or two of loose rope to play on from the tree. His suspenders tied round his waist to keep up his pants, with his back naked. Langston now took the cowhide in his right hand, standing by Wil- lard's left side, and gave him ten or twelve or fifteen stripes. I did not think the stripes were severe. They left stripes on his flesh but did not draw blood. Willard, however, begged, and every time the cowhide hit him he hallooed. It seemed to hurt him considerably. Anderson then took the cowhide and gave him about as many stripes and about as hard, with about the same effect as did Langston. They then handed me the cowhide and said, "ain't you going to give him some too.'" I took the cowhide, Willard said, "Jennings, you ain't going to whip me, too ?" I said, "Willard, I am a poor man, have to work hard for my living and you are cheating me out of my just rights ; you ought to be whipped ; I owe it to you ; it is just." And with this I gave him about as many stripes, about as hard, and with about the same effect as bad Langston and Anderson. There was no proposition made to Jones to whip him that I now recollect of Whether there was or not, Jones did not whip him then, or at any time afterwards. Jones did not strike him at all, at least while I was present. Jones helped us to take the body of Willard off after he was dead, to the place of concealment, but so far as I know did not touch him so as to hurt him during the whole day. When Willafd died Jones was the worst frightened man I ever saw. We now desisted, and Anderson untied him from the tree and we all sat down to talk the matter over. We all drank of the whisky. Wil- lard drank also. Something was now said about the forty-five dollars buried in the grave-yard. He now said he had none, but still wanted to go and see old Johnny Crooms — said he could get the money of him, &c., and said something about going to see a maa down towards Lexington, Mo., that he could get the money of him, &c., with various subterfuges to get off. I believe that I now remarked, "that a little more would set him right." Anderson and Langston both then tied him up to the tree, and I told him, while I held the cowhide in my hands, "Willard, if you have any means to pay us, do so., and save yourself all this." He made no reply. I then gave him about as many stripes as I had done before. This time, however, as he would pass to and fro, so as to avoid the stripes, (for it seemed to hurt this time worse than before, though I am not conscious that I struck him any harder,) I changed the cowhide from my right hand to my left, giving him four or five licks with the right and then that many with the left. HISTORY OF BUCHANAN COUNTY. 263 While I was now whipping him Anderson had gone off a few steps and cut some switches ; several, I don't know how many ; they were three or four feet long. I don't recollect what kind of wood they were, and came up with them about the time that I finished. He threw them down on the ground, all of them but one, which he retained in his hand. Langston now took the cowhide, and picked up the switches, and used both, first one and then the other on Willard. This time Langston hurt Tiim much worse, and he complained, begged and hallooed louder, especially when Langston used the switches. They were heavier and hurt worse than the cowhide. I now interposed, and told them that Willard had enough ; I was satisfied and my sympathies now began to be with him. I persuaded Langston to stop, and I went and untied Willard, and we all set down. Willard was now bleeding pretty freely. I thought he had enough. My feelings were now bad. The sight of his blood hurt my feelings — I struck the poor fellow no more after this ; and from that time till his death I did all I could to save him. By this time, however, the others, Langston and Anderson, seemed to be under vindictive feelings, and were evidently under the influence of whisky. I now proposed to turn him loose and let him go, stating that he would leave the country no doubt, and not appear against any of us for whipping him. He said he would go immediately away and never come back. I then asked Willard ''if he really had no money f" He said "he had not a cent in the world ! That his wife had given him a dime that morning to pay for his letters, and that he had not another cent." Here something was said about his wife having money. Some of us asked "if she had any .' whether she kept the money } where she kept it .'' what had become of the money that his furniture brought the day before," etc. He then said that he had some eight hundred dollars hid in Dr. Keedy's field. I knew nothing about the field. Some of the others did. They seemed to understand it, and we all agreed that it was a come off. He then intimated that perhaps his wife might have as much as seventy-five, or eighty dollars in the bureau drawer. I then proposed that he should send an order to his wife for it. He said his hands were so paralyzed that he could not write. I then told him that I would write it for him. To this he agreed, and I did write the order myself, and he took the pencil and signed his name to it. Jones took the order to Wil- lard's wife, and after being gone a suitable length of time he returned with no money — said the: woman had no money — that she said she had but a few cents, twenty or thirty cents — some small sum, at least. That she said she had given her husband a dime that morning, and had only that much left. What Jones told the woman I know not, but to the best of my recollection, the order contained nothing threatening. After Jones returned, we upbraided Willard for deceiving us. Langston said ■"Snatch him up again." Langston and Anderson tied him up again. Then Willard begged and entreated for God's sake to whip him no more. He said "he had enough!" He begged hard, poor fellow! I now begged for the poor fellow ! I felt bad. I did not know what to do. I walked off a few steps. They commenced whipping him again. Langston was now whipping him, but I thought not so hard as before. But Willard 264 HISTORY OF BUCHANAN COUNTY. complained most bitterly. I started off with an intent to leave entirely, when Langston asked me where I was going. I replied " after a drink," Willard said, "Jennings, for God's sake, bring me some water ! " Langs- ton now handed me the bottle, .and said, "bring also some whisky," I came then down to the grocery, as stated by the witness on my trial,, and purchased a jug with the privilege of returning it that evening, and getting my money back (which I did), and the bottle of whisky, and returned immediately, I should not have returned at all but to carry the water to Willard, with some desire that I might interfere for him. I now began to fear the thing might be pushed too far. I was not absent, I should think, more than thirty minutes. On my return I found them all setting down on the ground, Willard looked bad ; he showed signs of exhaustion ; looked languid. I did not ask them but they had evidently been whipping him pretty severely while I was absent. I gave Willard some whisky but he did not seem to relish it. He drank freely of the water and said it was good. The others drank freely of the whisky. I now took Langstoii and Anderson to one side and begged them to desist — told them that they had given him enough — too much, I poured the water on Willard's head, I remained with them twenty or thirty minutes. While I was there they did not whip him any more, I took the jug to go after more water and Langston handed me the the bottle and told me to bring more whisky. I then came down to the Farmer's House atjd lingered about there a few minutes, when three young men asked me to join them in a game of cards. I consented and set down in the bar-room and played cards for perhaps an hour, I was at the Farmer's House at least an hour and a half Jones came in about this time. I saw him as he came up. He had been down town and was returning to the woods. I met him at the door. He had a little tin bucket in his hands, and said that he had been after their dinners, I previously understood that morning that they had not had their break- fast. I requested Jones to take the jug of water and bottle of whisky with him, that I did not intend to return any more, Jones said that he could not very well take them and the dinner. And he further said that he would like to have me go up anyhow, saying, " I think that they have given him enough, and if you will go up perhaps we can persuade them to quit," And with this view only I went up. When we arrived they were all setting down on the ground. I looked at Willard and the poor fellow looked horribly bad. He was now badly blooded and I saw that they had beaten him desperately while I was gone. He was setting on the ground with his head rather resting on his hands, which were sup- ported by his knees. I approached him and asked him if he would have some whisky. He said nothing, but shook his head. I told him to smell of it and held it to his nose. He merely breathed over' it, I insisted that he should taste of it and held it to his mouth. He took some in his mouth but spit it out again. He did not swallow any of it. I again told Langston and Anderson that they had given him enough— too much. So said Jones. Langston and Anderson both said they intended to give him more. I told them to eat their dinners first, per- haps they might feel in a better humor after dinner. In the meantime I had given Willard a drink of water. He drank heartily but did not HISTORY OF BUCHANAN COUNTY. 265 seem to relish it — it did not revive him. I poured some of the water upon him, and also poured some of the whisky upon his head. Langston and Anderson now stepped some ten or twelve paces to one side and set down to eat their dinner. They asked me to join them in eating dinner. My mouth was too sore to eat the victuals that Jones had brought ; it was bread, meat and potatoes. Nor did I feel in the humor to eat. I stepped aside with them, however. Jones said that he had eaten his dinner at home and could not eat any more. Jones seemed to sym- pathize with Willard, and while we stepped aside to eat, Jones remained with him, and stood not very far from him, governed by no other motive I think, but sympathy. He stood a few feet from him. Langston and Anderson had just begun to eat, had eaten but a few mouthfuls, when Jones remarked, "Willard is dying !" We'-all sprung to our feet and run to him, and by the time that we got to him he had lain down on his back, and afterwards breathed not a single breath. His vital powers were all exhausted. He had lost much blood, had been some hours in indescrib- able physical suffering, and now died as easy as going to sleep. I never saw anybody die any easier than he died. Here we all stood around the fellow, and it came upon us in an instant, with all its terrible reality, that we had murdered him ! I believe that I was more self-possessed in this awful crisis than either of the others. Jones was the worst frightened man I ever saw in my life ! Langston was considerably agitated and alarmed. So was Anderson. It was a terrible time. The reader cannot possibly appre- ciate our feelings. I think that I first broke silence by asking, " Boys, what will you do ?" Langston spoke and said, "We will take him off and conceal him, and at night we will come and throw him into the Missouri River." Langs- ton said, " Let no man reveal this," or words to that effect. I then took Willard's shirt, while the rest held him up, and put it on him. I also drew up his pantaloons around his waist. They were down around his ankles. In putting on his shirt and drawing up his pants I noticed that the fellow was awfully whipped. I know nothing about the wounds on Willard's head, as spoken of by the surgeons that made the post mortem examination. I did not notice them, but I have no doubt but the whip- ping was sufficient and did produce his death. After putting on his shirt and adjusting his pants, Langston took hold of one arm and I the other ; Anderson took hold of one leg and Jones the other, and we bore him off some forty or fifty yards into the thicket to the place of concealment. I don't now recollect that a word was spoken by any of us as we bore him away. We did not drag him that I recollect of, though we might have let some part of his body touch the ground as we went through the thicket, but I think not. After lay- ing him down in the thicket, as he was subsequently found by the crowd that went out that afternoon, we all returned to the place of whipping. I then took Willard's hat, his vest, coat and boots, and returned with them to the dead body, as it lay in the thicket, and laid them all down together, not far from his head. I turned round to go back, and then remembered that I had Willard's butcher knife in my bosom, and I turned about and put the knife in his hat, and then left and went to the place of whipping, and found them standing about. Jones, I think, at this time was throwing the switches away, and other ways trying to obliterate 266 HISTORY OF BUCHANAN COUNTY. the evidence of the transaction. Some short conversation now took place between us, about the best way to act so as to keep the thing concealed. We soon agreed in the manner of separately going into town. Jones handed me the rope and I subsequently threw it into Blacksnake. I don't know who took the cowhide nor the hand-cuffs. Jones took the bucket that had the dinner in it. I took the jug ; I don't know who took the bottle. Jones now struck off into the bushes by himself Langston,. Anderson and I came down the road together to the Farmers' House. Here Langston went in, and Anderson and I came on to the grocery,, where I had got the jug. Matthews, spoken of before, had not been with us from the time the whipping began in the morning ; I did not perceive when nor how he left us. I have since understood from my fellow suf- ferers that he lay round there in the thicket and saw all that took place, and then left for parts unknown. He took no part in the matter what- ever, and the only motive that he could have had in being present was a curiosity to see what was going on. Of Jones, the motive that took him there, I have never been able to comprehend. He seemed to have no ill-feeling whatever towards Willard, did not a thing under the heavens to hurt him, seemed to sympathize with him, took his part, evidently kept Langston from hurting him, and yet took out the first bottle of whisky, took the order to Willard's wife, went after the dinner, and helped us carry the body to the place of concealment after the man was dead, and the only pay he seemed to have received at all, as Willard owed him not a cent, was the most terrible fright mortal man, perhaps, ever got. At the grocery where I got the jug, Anderson and I remained but a minute or two, just long enough for me to hand up the jug and get back my money, when we went back to the Farmers' House. Here we found Langston, and joined him in taking a drink of whisky. Mr. Heed, about this time, stepped in, and some of us asked him to take a drink with us. He thanked us, and remarked that he was in a hurry; took a drink of water only, and started off in the direction that we had just come. Langston now stepped out at one door, Anderson and I at the other ; we soon fell in together on the street, and came down town. About halfway between the Farmers' House and the bridge across Blacksnake we met and passed a woman. Just after we passed her Langston remarked, " that is Willard's wife." Anderson nor I knew her. I turned, however, and looked at her as she walked in the direction that we had just come. As soon as we crossed the bridge on Blacksnake we sepa- rated. I went down on to Main Street, and Langston and Anderson in the direction of their houses, and I saw no more of them till I saw them in prison. We left Craig's law office in the morning, I should think, between eight and nine o'clock. We parted at the bridge across Blacksnake, I should think, not later than two o'clock in the afternoon — it was the 27th day of July, 1852. I well remember that it was a beautiful, bright, sun- shiny day, but rather warm. The whole of the transaction as detailed above, in reference to Willard's death, took place just as I have here stated, in manner and order of time, with the part that I and others took in it, to the best of my recollection. So help me God ! Freely, frankly, and honestly made, without reservation or concealment. And oh, what a day's work that was ! HISTORY OF BUCHANAN COUNTY. 267 The first place that I stopped at on Main Street was in a black- smith's shop. I stepped in and talked a few minutes with a man about doing some painting for me. From there I went directly to my own residence. My wife was at home by herself, pleasant and kind in feeling; knowing nothing about the transactions of the day. She asked me what detained me that I was not home to dinner .-' I made some evasive reply. She spread dinner on the table for me, and I sat down and eat a bite by myself; remained only a few minutes at home, and then went round to my shop. I remained a short time in my shop, then took my book and went to Estes' tin shop, to have some settlement with him. There was some business transactions between us. Estes was not in ; I was told that he had just stepped out but would be in in a few minutes. I waited till he came in — quite a good while. When he did come in I learned of him that the murder of Willard had been found out, that the body had been'found, and that a great crowd had gone out there, and that he had been and seen the body. He was very much excited, and could not talk of anything else but the murder of Willard. Of him I received ten dollars, and he said at some other time we would have a settlement. I then went back to my shop, put my book in the chest, locked it up, made some other little arrangements about the shop, and returned home. It was now supper time. I eat a light supper and was sitting in the front door of my house, with my wife and family, just at dusk, when Jacob Langston, son of the old gentleman, came in at the back door, (this was the first time that he ever came to my house), and said he wanted to see me. He appeared to be somewhat excited and much affected. We stepped aside into the little porch, and he told me of Wil- lard's murder, that his body had been found, etc., and that his father had been arrested on suspicion of being engaged in the murder, and he wanted to know of me, " if I knew whether his father had any hand in the matter." I gave him some evasive answer, which, however, did not seem to satisfy him. He soon went away, and I then went round to my partner, Mr. Beal's. He had recovered from his "sun-stroke," and was up. He told me that I was suspicioned of having some hand of Willard's murder, and asked me if it were so ! Said he hoped it was not so ! I denied it, and somewhat evaded the conversation. I remained at Mr. Beal's but a short time, when I returned back to my residence. A few steps from my door, young Langston met me,, and seemed much inter- ested, and wanted to find out whether his father was concerned in it. Let me depart from the thread of my narrative here, just long enough to say that young Langston had no part in the murder of Willard whatever. I am almost certain that he knew nothing about it. He was entirely innocent of the whole matter. When young Langston came to my house the second time, he and I walked out on Main Street to see what was going on, and to make what observations we could. I still held out to young Langston that if his father had any hand in it that I was not aware of it, still affecting an innocence on my part. We walked down Main Street to Robidoux' corner ; paused there awhile, and then went on to the Public Square. There were a good many people on the Public Square at the time, and there had been more excitement about Willard's murder than I was aware of at the time. The people were somewhat scattered and scattering at the time. They were collecting and had collected in little groups in differ- 268 HISTORY OF BUCHANAN COUNTY. ent parts of the Square, and were in low, under-toned conversation. There was evidently quite an indignant feeling in the public towards the perpetrators of the deed. Young Langston and I mixed not with any of these little squads of folks, but passed through — made but a short walk, and returned. I saw and recognized several persons during this walk. Dr. Crane particularly I recollect passing, and spoke to him, and I think he returned the salutation, "Good evening," or something like that. Young Langston and I soon separated. He went on and I returned to my own house, not later than ten at night, I should think, and went to bed. My wife in the meantime had heard of the murder of Willard — that Langston, Anderson and Jones had been arrested, and that rumor and suspicion connected me with them. She was uneasy and mentioned it to me. I denied knowing anything about it, and quieted her as best I could, and Jhen went to sleep. I was not very stout, being unwell, as I have before stated ; had been on my feet all day, and the part I had borne in Willard's death was taxing my powers pretty heavily. In my mind I was not apprehending any danger. I knew that there would be a trial the next day of Langston, Anderson and Jones, and supposed that I should be called on as a witness only. I had no dread of being apprehended myself Under all these circumstances I slept very quietly during the night. I remained in doors next morning, with the exception of doing what we call "chores," till after breakfast. I then went round to my shop, intending to work a little. I made some start at work — brought in a few plank ; made some directions in relation to business with one or two persons, and began perhaps to use the saw on some of the plank, when friends began to come in. One and another and another stepped in. The conversation was almost entirely about the murder of Willard. There was an intense feeling about it. Several persons told me that sus- picion strongly rested on me as being engaged in the affair. Mr. Hoag- land, I recollect, told me that I was strongly suspected, and asked me : "Jennings, are you guilty or not guilty?" I denied it. Others told me the same. At length some person came into the shop and took me out to one side and told me that a warrant was out for me, and that I would soon be apprehended, and said: "Jennings, the excitement is very high, and I would advise you to leave for a few days, till the excitement is over, and then return. Others soon advised the same thing. And I reflected on the matter — thought perhaps I had better leave for awhile. There was no Judge then in this district. I did not know how long I might have to be in jail. The public feeling ran very high, and I thought best to absent myself at least for a few days. I made it convenient to see a few friends with whom I had business, obtained a little money, went to a store and purchased a pair of shoes, and went round home. There I met my sister, Mrs. Hebron. She had heard of all these things, and had come round to see about them. She and my wife were both much alarmed, and wept bitterly. I told them not to be alarmed ; that all things would come round right. I told them that I would withdraw for a few days, till the excitement was over, etc. I put on clean linen, and immediately left. I took the road out by the rope- walk. At the forks of the road I took the Savannah road ; then again . took the Rochester road till out a mile or two ; I left the main road and took the prairie, brush, woods and by-paths. Without taxing the patience HISTORY OF BUCHANAN COUNTY. 269 •of the reader with an uninteresting narrative of this adventure, in which in fact nothing remarkable or that would be interesting to the public occurred. I worted my way into DeKalb County. From Maysville, on Friday morning, I wrote back to my brother-in-law, Mr. Hebron. This letter was soon at hand, and by it my whereabouts was soon known. On Saturday morning I was arrested, some six or seven miles north of Mays- ville, by Officers Heed and Finney, and brought back to St. Joseph the same day. We arrived in town about sunset. On our arrival in town I was put in prison. In prison I found already Langston, Anderson and Jones. They had been apprehended and put in prison on Tuesday night, and had been brought before Justices Wash and Lewis, and their trial before this examing court begun. The next Monday being election, the further proceeding in their trial was postponed till Thursday, there being three days of election. I now was placed with them for trial, and the trial set for Thursday. When I was introduced into prison I found Langston, Anderson and Jones. They appeared tolerably cheerful — were disappointed at seeing me — said they supposed that I was entirely gone, and seemed rather to regret that I had been apprehended. Thirteen long months have these poor fellows, Langston, Anderson, Jones and myself lain in prison together. Always, except when separated by the officers for a few hours, or days at furtherest, during my trial, in the same room. These thirteen months have been to me an age ! Nor has the time dragged less heavily with them. During this wearisome time we have lived in peace with one another. There has been no recrimina- tion, no censuring each other, no bickering, and but very seldom has the matter been spoken of at all. We all understand ourselves — know the part each acted in that tragedy, and have generally been silent about it. To-morrow I shall separate from them — my companions in guilt — my companions in suffering, and from my very soul I pity them ! I pity their families ! I wish I could help them ! But I cannot. I bear against them no bad feelings in the world. Myself, and myself only, do I blame for this that no.w hangs over me — there never has been a hard word passed between us in prison. I know not what disposition, of course, that the court will make of Langston, Anderson and Jones. It would meet my hearty approbation, and I wish I knew such were the case, that they might be acquitted and restored to their families. Willard is dead — was most inhumanly mur- dered ; his family is ruined. I have laid in jail thirteen long months and suffered more than a thousand deaths. They, too, have suffered equally as much ; our families are all crushed down to rise no more — ruined forever. I have to die. The blood of a thousand men would not make atonement for Willard's. If the divine claims of "Eye for an eye, tooth for tooth," be just, my death ought to satisfy the claims of justice, how- ever others may have bore a conspicuous and even leading part in the crime. I say then, ifit could be compatible with the claims of the law, and the ends of justice could be satisfied without their blood, I would rather Langston, Anderson and Jones could be spared. Thursday came and we were all four arraigned before the examining court — Wash and Lewis presiding. Gen. Gardenhire, assisted by Vories, appeared for the State and Hughes, Leonard and Loan appeared for Langston and Jones, and Jones for Anderson, and Johnson for me. 270 HISTORY OF BUCHANAN COUNTY. The examination before the court lasted several days. Excitement was high, feelings intense, and of course a great many things said all round that would not have been said under less exciting circumstances. The prosecution was conducted with ability and firmness. And I can now reflect back and believe that it was as impartially conducted as it could have been done under the circumstances. The attorneys for the defense were and are men of talents, profes- sional ability and zeal and were true and faithful to their clients. I believe that they have done their duty. "At the end of the examination we all stood committed to the next term of the Circuit Court, which would have come off in September, but their being no judge in this dis- trict our trials remained over to the spring term. However, in the meantime, the judge was elected and a called term of court held in November on our cases. Before the grand jury our cases were brought, true bills found and our trials set for spring. At the March term, Judge Norton' presiding, our cases came up. Langston took a change of venue to Clinton County. Langston stood before the Clinton term, but the State was not ready and his case was continued till the fall term, and he remanded back to this prison for safe keeping. Jones put his trial off till the fall term. Anderson's case \yas brought before an adjourned term in June and put over to the fall term, and my friends thought my trial had better come off then. My lawyers obtained the aid of Judge Wyatt and my friends employed Mr. Wilson of Platte City. Craig, assisted by Vories, appeared for the state. A day or two was spent in settling the preliminaries of my trial. Nearly a day was occupied in empannelling a jury. lilorris and Smith were the only men on the jury I knew. To the others I was an entire stranger. The jury, I thought, was composed of honorable, intelligent men. My lawyers were satisfied with them and so was I. The prosecution also was satis- fied. Several days were occupied in the trial. The witnesses were numerous and the examination and cross-examination close and rigid. During the trial, many questions, purely legal, came up before the court that had a bearing on the case. My attorneys took exceptions to some of Judge Norton's decisions ; whereupon I afterwards appealed to the Supreme Court, which, however, availed me nothing, only the post- ponement of the time of execution. The testimony on my trial gave as little grounds for animadversion on, my part, now that death is before me, I believe, as I could have expected. When the witnesses were all examined, the counsel, both for the state and for me, made able, learned, eloquent and powerful addresses to the jury. Late on Friday evening the jury took the case and retired. They were out not exceeding thirty minutes when they returned with a verdict of ^^ Guilty of murder in the first degree, as charged in the indict- ment!' Saturday I received sentence of the court, and the third day of June set for my execution ; while I was remanded back to prison. Some of my friends have thought that my feelings, during my trial, were not suitable, and did not comport with a correct, taste and a noble mind. That I was indifferent, &c. These things, I now presume, were so. I was not then able to appreciate my true condition. I had passed the most severe ordeal the last eight or ten months that man could pos- sibly pass. All earth seemed to be against me. The scorn and con- HISTORY OF BUCHANAN COUNTY. 2/ 1 tempt of public sentiment poured in on my crushed soul like the flood- tide. My wife and family I knew were ruined. My intimate companions in prison were not able to help rhe — all these things threw my whole feelings into the defensive — they were bad. Now that the storm has somewhat passed over, and I crushed to the very earth — prostrated low, humbled to the dust, I can look back and see my own errors ; and oh, will the reader spare me the mentioning them ! I had not' proper feelings, and consequently did not act myself. I was advised that the Supreme Court would order me a new trial, and looked forward to the new trial in hope, for the chance of being released. Thus held up I did not take the correct view of my true and proper con- dition. I had all the time, however, misgivings about the issue — some- thing terribly haunted me the whole time. In July the Supreme Court set in Jefferson City, and the case came up. On hearing the case the court affirmed the decision of the Circuit Court and fixed the 2nd day of September (to-morrow) for my execution. This decision of the Supreme Court somewhat disappointed me and greatly crushed my feelings. No one can realize what my feelings were that never had the trial of it. A black cloud now began to gather over my horizon and hang over my pathway. Only one ray of hope now pen- etrated this dark cloud. That was an appeal to the Governor — to beg for executive interference. Here was my last hope. My friends went to work ; petitions were drawn up and numerously signed by good and worthy citizens in my behalf. Among a host of others who generously came to my assistance on this occasion, I must mention the name of the Rev. William Prottsman, of Dover, Mo. He generously gave me all the assistance that a noble mind could have given. In the success of an application for executive interference (the petition set forth a desire for a change of punishment to imprisonment for life in the penitentiary,) I had hope — desire ; but my hopes were not very sanguine. Many friends advised me not to look forward with much reliance to that source, particularly the Rev. Mr. Boyakin, whose sympathy for me has been worthy of the man and his high calling, and whose views and judgment were always right on this matter. He told me from the beginning that the Governor would not interfere. The petitions were, however, laid at his feet and a condemned man asked the poor boon which could have been constitutionally given, to be allowed to live his lifetime at hard service in the penitentiary. But to live, after I have thought the whole matter dispassionately over, and my mind made up to die, and have become almost willing to die, I hardly know whether I would now accept the boon if offered. Perhaps I might. Anyhow, when the telegraph brought word from my friends at the court of Governor Price, that the Governor, after examining my papers, said he could "see no reason for the interference of executive clemency," that last ray of hope was cut off. At first I was disposed to give way to bad feelings towards the Governor, and said things about him and others I am now sorry for. A paroxysm of disappointed hope, despair and crushed feelings drove me nearly to desperation. At this time Christian friends came to my relief. They gave good counsel, sympathized with me and prayed for me. Among a great many others I will mention Rev. Mr. Vandeventer, and Boyakin ; I believe that they have done their whole duty to me. Their 272 HISTORY OF BUCHANAN COUNTY. counsel, attention, visits and sympathy have been well tinned and wise. Under God, to them I am indebted for what I think to be a proper frame of mind to die in. They have pointed to the Lamb of God. They have gone there with me. Honestly I have tried to confess my sins ; I deplore them, from my very heart I abhor them. I hope for divine mercy; I believe that I shall have it. I shall die a penitent, trusting only on the blood of Christ for salvation. And I have in my bosom a consciousness that my suit to him has not been in vain. These gentlemen I have invited to attend with me to-morrow at my execution, and painful as it may be and will be to them, they have consented to be present. I wish my amanuensis, who is better acquainted with my motives and heart than any man living, who has been with me the last three or four days constantly; into whose bosoml have poured the whole secret treasury of my own heart, to gather such materials of a biographical character as may be furnished him by my wife and brother, concerning me, and append it to this, my confession, and to give such assistance as may be needed in correcting the proof-sheet of the same for publication. And I furthermore wish that he will see that after the expenses of the publication of this, my confession, shall be defrayed, if anything is fur- ther realized by the sale of the same, that it go to the benefit of my wife. I also request of those gentlemen who were present the other evening, and heard from my own lips the details of WiUard's murder, and who are now present and hear this confession read and acknowledged, to assist in carrying out these my wishes on this subject. I trust in them; I know they will do so. As the last day that I am to live wears away, and I am endeavoring to prepare for all the awful realities of to-morrow, I must do myself the justice and give my friends the satisfaction to know that I am in peace with all mankind! Towards the Governor, and the attorneys who have plead against me, and the court, judge, jury and witnesses, one and all, I have no ill feelings whatever. My mind is easier on this subject than I thought possible for it to be. I have had my enemies and this affair has of course made me many, and they have been very virulent in their lan- guage and bitter in their feelings against me ; I heartily forgive them. To my friends what shall I say .'' I have not language to express my wishes. They have been everything that friends could be, said every- thing that friends could have said, and have done everything that friends could have done. From the first hour of my incarceration in prison, I have enjoyed the attention of friends, many, very many! Oh, that I could reward them. In the officers I have found sympathizing friends. Sheriff Smith has been to me like a brother. While he has faithfully performed the duties of his office, he has done everything in his power to make my circumstances as comfortable as possible. I deeply sympathize with him in his late heavy affliction. I hope he will not let his feelings be mortified at that painful duty devolving on him to-morrow. I shall have no unkind feelings towards him for it. I believe Smith to be a Christian man, and I hope to meet him in heaven. Mr. Creal, the jailer, and his family, have brought me under infinite obli- gations to them. A man condemned to be hung, perhaps never ha:d the kind attention paid to him in jail as Creal and his family have paid to me and to my family, my wife in her deep affliction, and at the same HISTORY OF BUCHANAN COUNTY. 273 time he has been faithful as an officer. Creal is a man of unbounded sympathy. He is one of the best men in the world. My lawyers, Johnson, Wyatt and Wilson, have done all that talents and faithfulness could have done for me. They are now suffering in feel- ings for me. Adieu, gentlemen. I regret that your affections could not have found a worthier object ! I know your feelings, you cannot come to see me ; I appreciate them. Adieu ! Adieu ! My brother and sister Hebron are prostrated I know in feeling. What shall I say to them ! They have my kindest feelings. May God bless you. My brother, Wesley Jennings, in all this affair, has shown himself to be more than an ordinary man for his age, and such I am advised is the estimate that the public puts oh his conduct before this community. He came to my assistance early in last March, and from that time to the present he has been more than a brother to me. He has stuck close to me, administered to all my wants ; constantly sympathized with me. He has nobly braved the storm of public indignation ; stood up solitary and alone for his brother, yet he has, so far as I have heard, acted pru- dent. I am happy that he enjoys the public confidence. His noble, innocent, manly young heart is now bleeding at every pore. From my very soul I pity him. I can only say to him look up my brother ! go on, act manly, form no bad habits, keep no evil company, and a bright sun will yet light up your pathway. You are worthy of a better brother than I am. My wife, Nancy, is here with me, and from the day that my hands were stained with Willard's blood, to this day, she has been faithful in her attention to my wants ; her attachment and love has been as con- stant and as true as a magnet. Her troubles have been overwhelming, poor, broken-up, without friends, husband in jail, charged with a high crime, public contempt sweeping in on' us like a mighty flood. Her infant she buried in November, in April she became a mother again. Exposed without a home, friendless, from first one boarding-house to another, she finally, propelled by the present motives that ever swelled a woman's heart, by the permission of the Sheriff and Jailer, she come to to the jail, and has been with me constantly, and has said and done everything under the heavens that a wife could do, for my welfare ; through the hot sun and driving winds, and pelting storms, with a sick child at home, and a broken heart, pale, wan, emaciated, trembling limbs and a worn down constitution, has that woman gone all over this town in my behalf, and when the last only hope remained, woman-like, with the crisis, she rose above it, and held me up in her affections, and in every part of this town did she canvas with a petition, and begged the names of the citizens in my behalf, through the whole storm of pub- lic contempt did she, by the majesty of true devotion to her husband,, press her way to their affections. Public sentiment can never do her justice, she is worthy of a better husband than she has had. Her last and only child fell a victim to her devotion to me. Noble woman t Three years ago this day (the ist of September), she pledged herself to nie ; hand and heart she gave before the marriage altar to me, and most faithful has she been to this present hour. By an arrangement, and an understanding between my wife and her brother, Mr. Oliver Beall, who is now present with me— has lately come 274 HISTORY OF BUCHANAN COUNTY. to see me, and be with me and pay his last tribute of respect — she will go home with him to live. He will henceforth become her adviser and protector. To him she will look for advice and protection, and I beg of her to live so in the future as to merit the esteem of the good ; to give her heart to God ; to make Him her friend, and though your troubles are overwhelming, He will sustain you. I pray you to forgive me all my want of kindness to you. All that I can do is to beg forgiveness for it ; I know that your noble heart will and has already forgiven me. Let us prepare to meet together in Heaven. Farewell, Nancy! farewell, till we meet in a better world than this! In Mr. Beall I have the utmost confidence ; he is a prudent, safe man, and will be kind to my wife. AUGUSTUS OTIS JENNINGS. The following is a copy of a note, dictated and written by himself an hour and a half before he left the prison for the scaffold : Being possessed of nothing more valuable, and being desirous, from the numerous acts of kindness and benevolence, of which I have been the happy recipient, from the Rev. W. F. Boyakin, I herewith present him with my portemonie, in order that he may kindly bear in remem- brance the grateful thanks of an unfortunate man, in whose present and future welfare he has taken such deep and lively interest. And may the God of mercy abundantly reward and bless the con- demned man's friend. AUGUSTUS OTIS JENNINGS. September 2, 1853. Immediately after penning the above touching lines, he wrote with his own hand the following, to Mrs. Beall, wife of O. E. Beall, brother to Mrs. Jennings : St. Joseph, Mo., September 2, 1853. Dear Sister : In a few hours I shall exclaim, " This is the last of earth !" It is painful to be thus rudely torn from dearly cherished friends and relations. But it is a blissful consolation to reflect that in a few days, or a few short years at most, we shall again be united in that happy world, where heart-rending separations are never known — nor cannot come. I cannot write any more. Be kind to Nancy. She has been a guardian angel to me through all my trials and difficulties. Her heart is broken — her spirit is crushed. Oh, Cornelia, comfort and con- sole her in her affliction. I know your kind heart and generous nature will afford her all the consolation in your power. Adieu ! Adieu ! Adieu ! May your kind and affectionate husband share a better fate than mine — is the prayer of your affectionate brother. AUGUSTUS OTIS JENNINGS. Mary C. Beall. The Rev. W. F. Boyakin was with him in his cell, from eight till ten o'clock of the morning of his execution. The prisoner was then left HISTORY OF BUCHANAN COUNTY. 2y<, for an hour to enjoy a private interview with his brother and brother-in- law, his wife having taken leave of him at seven in the morning. At ■eleven, Rev. Mr. Boyakin returned to his cell, and remained with him till they went to the place of execution. At nine in the morning, the Robidoux Grays, commanded by Cap- tain Hughes, being summoned by Sheriff Smith to keep order and assist in the execution of the laws, filed into the prison yard, with martial music, in military dress and arms, and took a position in front and round the prison. At this time the prisoner was dictating the address that he subsequently delivered on the scaffold, and remarked to his amanuensis, " martial music excites me^it brings to my mind the Mexican war. I wish they would have no more of it." . His wish was immediately com- municated to Captain Hughes, and kindly complied with. At twelve precisely, the sheriff entered his cell, in the presence of his spiritual adviser, with the remark, " Mr. Jennings I have another painful duty to perform," and began unfolding some papers. The pris- oner anticipated his business, and said : " My death warrant I suppose. Save yourself the pain ; you need not read it." But on being informed that the law made it obligatory on the sheriff, he consented, and remained silent till it was read. After reading it, the sheriff turned to one side and wept, and the prisoner said in a calm tone to his spiritual adviser, " All life is a shade. This is a dark spot in the shade of life." The car- riage now drove to the front door of the jail, the military paraded in proper order around it, and, preceded by Sheriff Smith, the prisoner, arm in arm with the Rev. Mr. Boyakin, left the jail door and entered the car- riage, immediately followed by the Revs. Messrs. Vandeventer and Hurst and Drs. Crane and Chambers^all took seats in the same open carriage. The immense concourse of people, already assembled round the prison yard, now slowly opened a passage way, through which the carriage, escorted by the military, passed in slow and solemn silence ; and then, in the same funeral-like procession, proceeded to the place of execution, some three-quarters of a mile southeast of town. The place of execu- tion was out in the open prairie, east of Mr. Patee's farm, in the valley, surrounded by a splendid amphitheatre of hills — those picturesque hills •of Blacksnake. The scaffold was formed in the centre of the valley, with a convenient platform seven or eight feet high, upon which six or ■eight persons might conveniently stand. A part of this scaffold was so •adjusted, trap-door fashion, as to fall at the cutting of a rope. With this the prisoner fell about five feet, and then swung, suspended with his • feet leveral feet above the ground. From the time the prisoner left the jail yard to the place of execu- tion, a conversation was kept up between the prisoner and the gentle- men with him in the carriage. The conversation was mostly, but not entirely, about the dread realities soon to occur. The Mexican war, 276 HISTORY OF BUCHANAN COUNTY. General Scott, his character, military talents, and bravery, were descanted on freely by the prisoner. The whole tenor of that part of his conversation upon religion ort the way, called out but the one sentiment from the prisoner, and that was, that he was happy, thought he would die happy, hoped he would die easy, &c. On approaching the place of execution, as the carriage reached the hill in view of the scaffold, an immense multitude, already assembled, spread over the surrounding hillsides, presented themselves to view. One of the company asked the prisoner, " if this scene had ever been presented to his imagination, either asleep or awake .■'" " A thousand times," was the reply. " How does the real compare with the imaginary i"" was fur- ther asked. " I was not prepared to see so many," was the calm reply. On arriving at the scaffold, the carriage halted, and the prisoner,, with the gentlemen with him, remained some ten minutes in the car- riage, while the military was forming in proper order. Captain Hughes then ascended the platform, and gave notice that " he had been sum- moned, with his company, to see that the laws were faithfully executed ; that he expected order, and was able and determined to enforce it." The gentlemen, surgeons, sheriff and prisoner then aiscended the platform ; all kneeling, while the Rev. Mr. Vandeventer prayed. The prisoner then read in a firm, clear, distinct voice, a statement written just before he left his cell, immediately after which he took an affection- ate leave of those with him on the platform. During this, every one on the platform but the prisoner wept. He begged them not to weep ; said he was ready, firm ; should suffer but a few minutes ; would soon be happy, &c. The sheriff then adjusted the rope round his neck, and tied his arms back, and placed a cap over his head and face. His last remark was in answer to Rev. Mr. Boyakin, who asked him " if the rope seemed that it worked well, and if he now, on the threshold of eternity, was firm in his Christian faith .'" " The rope works easy," he remarked^ moving round his head, so as to try it. " I think I shall die easy, and I am firm in my trust in Christ." The Rev. Mr. Boyakin then prayed. At the close of this prayer the trap-door fell, and the prisoner was sus- pended. Contrary to his expectation and desire, the prisoner struggled long and died hard — awfully hard. Twenty-five minutes after the trap-door fell, the surgeons pronounced him dead, and in a few minutes more his body was taken down, coffined, and borne to the graveyard and decently buried by the side of his two infant children, mentioned in his confes- sion. When it was announced by the surgeons that the prisoner was dead, the concourse, which must have numbered some eight thousand persons, slowly retired, all oppressed at the awful (ixhi.bition just wit- nessed. HISTORY OF BUCHANAN COUNTY. 277" The manly deportment of the prisoner, while going to and at the scaffold, and high moral demeanor the whole week preceding, his chaste and honorable sentiments, freely expressed to all who visited him, created a deep sympathy in his behalf, and satisfied the community that he possessed noble traits of character. Dying, as he did, a criminal, yet he merited a better fate. PLATTE RIVER BRIDGE DISASTER. At the bridge, where the Hannibal & St. Joseph Railroad crosses Platte River, ten miles east of the city of St. Joseph, occurred one of the most appalling calamities ever known in the annals of railroad dis- asters. In the fall of 1861, the Hannibal & St. Joseph Railroad had been so often torn up at different points, along the route between the former and latter cities, that for several days the trains had not been passing over the entire length of the road. Upon a certain day, however, it was known that a passenger train from Hannibal would arrive at St. Joseph during the next night, at the hour of 1 1 o'clock. Late in the evening, before the arrival of the cars, the bridge was: saturated with turpentiije, then set on fire, and completdy destroyed. Near the hour of midnight, the peculiar rumbling sound, which tells of an approaching train, was heard. The night was intensely dark, and' the conductor, not dreaming of danger, quickened the speed of the train as he neared the city. Onward rushed the cars with their precious bur- den of human life. Mothers with slumbering infants in their arms, never dreaming of the yawning abyss into which they would so soon plunge ;: fathers watching the happy faces of their children ; the beauty of youth, the strength of manhood, and the decrepitude of age, all were there,, numbering about one hundred and fifty souls. As the train came swiftly, thundering along its iron trackway towards the chasm of death, a lady remarked to her husband : "Don't you think we are all out of danger.?" "Yes," he replied, "our journe}r is nearly over." The next moment he lay mangled and dead, and' she had barely escaped with life. Ominous words ! His journey of life was indeed over. The cars had made the fatal leap. From the abutments of the burned bridge down to the bed of the river, a distance of more than twenty feet, one car, dashed down upon another, crushing, mang- ling, and killing a large number of passengers. Of ail that numerous company, but few escaped without receiving such severe injuries, as made it impossible for them to assist their fellow- sufferers. The night was chilly and cold, and from near eleven to three o'clock in the morning, the wounded screamed for aid, and struggled for 278 HISTORY OF BUCHANAN COUNTY. relief. Some attempted to free themselves from their dead companions, and from the debris of the crushed cars. Others with broken legs or arms, were endeaving to creep from the deep mud and stagnant waters of the stream. Here occurred an incident that illustrates with what self- possession, fearless men can cooly await approaching death. Stephen Cutler, the conductor, was a favorite with all. Without being severely injured, he was so firmly caught between the timbers that no assistance then available could release him. The locomotive was leaning partially over his body, and the supports upon which the machinery rested were gradually giving away. It was evident, that in a few moments the locomotive would fall completely over and crush him. The unfortunate man quickly saw his sad destiny. Taking out his watch, he passed it to a friend, to be given to his wife ; then, in hur- ried words, he instructed that friend what to say to her. Whilst so engaged, the terrific weight fell, and one more brave and intrepid man was added to the list of the dead. On the day after the sad event, those who wer-e badly wounded were brought to St. Joseph and kindly nursed. Nearly all the dead were too much mangled and disfigured to be identi- fied. These were placed in coffins and buried by the city. MURDER OF DOCTOR JONES. On Monday night, June i8th, 1848, between the hours of ten and and eleven o'clock, a man by the name of Gibson went to the residence of Dr. Jones, at the Rockhouse Prairie, in Buchanan County. While there he made use of very offensive and abusive language to the Doctor «nd his lady, whereupon he was ordered to leave the premises. Gibson, after reaching the porch, refused to go any further. As the Doctor (without any weapons) approached him, Gibsori caught him by the col- lar of his coat, and inflicted a mortal wound, which terminated in death the next evening. Dr. McDonald, who now resides in St. Joseph, was immediately sent for to administer to the necessities of the suffering and dying man, All efforts, however, were unavailing ; the Doctor died the next after- noon, and was buried in a neighboring cemetery, his corpse being fol- lowed to its last resting place by many friends, who sincerely mourned the loss of a kind neighbor, a leading citizen and a thoroughbred phys.- ician. The Doctor was a graduate of one of the prominent medical schools of Philadelphia ; Was a native of North Carolina, 'and highly respected, not only by the people of the county, but by his professional brethren. His family now live in Clay County, Missouri. His murderer, Gibson, although hotly pursued for days by scores of indignant citizens, finally made his escape and has never been heard of HISTORY OF BUCHANAN COQNTV. 2/9 DROWNING OF THE WEST BROTHERS. On the 2nd day of January, 1874, two brothers, Richard and Elijah West, while skating on the Missouri River, opposite to St. Joseph, broke through the ice and were drowned. It is said that Richard might have escaped had he been alone, but in a heroic effort to save his brother, whom he greatly loved, they both- went down together. Their bodies were recovered the next day and taken to the residence of their deeply afflicted parents. What a warning to those who carelessly indulge in the amusement of skating ! ACCIDENT ON LAKE CONTRARY. On the 23d of July, 1876, several German families, residents of St. Joseph, went to Lake Contrary on a pleasure excursion. On the way thither, and for hours after arriying at their place of destination, joy and gladness seemed to fill each heart. But how true is the saying, that "in the midst of life we are in death." Ere the cl'dse of that summer day, the merry voices of five beautiful young ladies belonging to that happy company were suddenly and unex- pectedly silenced in death. The story of the sad calamity is easily told. They went upon the lake for a ride, and shortly after leaving the ^hore the frail boat, in which they had embarked for pleasure, went down^ and they were drowned. Their bodies were recovered and interred in ^' Mount Mora" in the presence of a large concourse of sorrowing rel- latives and friends. Thus ended the young and innocent lives of Rosa Munch, Tillie Grobs, Clara Kratle, Sopha Leitz and Tillie Zinnor. " How fleeting all beneath the skies; How transient every earthly bhss; How slender all the fondest ties That bind us to a world like this. But though Earth's fairest blossoms die, And all beneath the skies is vain, There is a brighter world on high, Beyond the reach of care and pain." BURNING OF THE FRIEND FAMILY. On, the night of May 28, 1856, occurred one of the most terrible calamities ever known in the history of Buchanan County. Jacob Friend and family, one daughter excepted, were burned to ashes in their dwelling, three-and-a-half miles south of St. Joseph. The family consisted of the father, mother and four children. One of the children, (the daughter above mentioned), was away fram home at the time, and knew nothing of the sad fate of her friends until she was informed of the facts the day following. 280 HISTORY OF BUCHANAN COUNTY. Hundreds of people from St. Joseph, and the surrounding country;., visited the place of the accident, and so great was the excitrrient, that Amos Davis, George Lincoln, John Patton, Henry Ingers and Monroe Hoof, five men, residing in the vicinity of the fire, were arrested and incarcerated on the charge of arson and mut-der. Some difficulty was said to have existed between the family of Friend, and the parties arrested. This, with other circumstances, caused their apprehension and imprisonment. The parties accused were indicted,, tried and acquitted, but there was nothing proved against them showing^ that they were guilty of the atrocious act. The burning of Friend and his family has ever since remained a mystery, many persons believing' that the fire was caused by accident. TRIAL OF JOHN DOY. In the month of January, 1859, Wm. A. Newman, of Platte Couiity,. had a favorite servant to run away from his home, in Weston, to Law- rence, Kansas. Dick being an active, intelligent and skillful carpenter, Newman offered a large reward, and in the month of February, 1859, at a point fourteen miles above Lawrence, near the Kansas River, two cov- ered wagons were captured by a party of eight Missourians, as they were passing northward from Lawrence to Nebraska. One of these wagons was driven by Dr. John Doy, and the other by his son Charles^ a young man of nineteen, and contained besides the Newman slave, Dick, thirteen women and children, who were slaves escaping from' Jackson County, Missouri, towards freedom. The wagons and their con- tents were driven rapidly towards Leavenworth City, which they passed at nine P. M. and reached the ferry, at Rialto, at eleven at night. Capt. Z. T. Washburn, the ferryman, crossed the party over, and they arrived at Weston at one A. M. and were kept under guard. In the morning the slaves were re-delivered to their owners and a warrant was issued by a justice for the holding of Dr. Doy and his son as criminals, for steal- ing the negro man Dick from his owner, in Platte County, and . after an examination before two justices, they were held for trial and imprisoned in the Platte County jail, at Platte City, and at the March term follow- ing, within about three weeks afterwards, they were indicted by the grand jury of Platte County and plead not guilty. When the news of the arrest of Doy was received at Topeka, the Legislature of Kansas, then in session, appropriated one thousand dol- lars to pay the Attorney General of the state, A. C. Davis (afterwards Colonel of the 12th Kansas volunteers, and who died in July, 1881, in New York, where he then resided) and Wilson Shannon, the old Gover- nor of Ohio and Minister to Mexico, to defend the Doys, at the court in Platte City. General Bassett, the circuit attorney for the 12th Judicial HISTORY OF BUCHANAN COUNTY. 281 Bistrict, being sick, Judge Norton appointed Col. John Doniphan, now <}f St. Joseph, to prosecute the indictment. A change of venue to Buchanan County was granted the defendants, and on the 25th day of March, 1859, they were put on trial at St. Joseph, before the following jury : S. S. Allen, Edward Pace, Judge Thomas W. Keys, Thomas P- Booth, Sinclair R. Miller, Caswell Goodman, Israel Landis, James Highly, Samuel Lockwood, Abner Copeland, Lewis F. Weimer and Lawson Rodgers. This jury, after being out two days, were discharged, as being unable to agree — the principal ground of defense relied upon being that the •Doys were not seen in Missouri, and no evidense except, of a circum- stantial character, to show the court had any jurisdiction. At the request of the defendant's attorneys, the court adjourned until the 2ist day of June, 1859, to again try the defendant, Dr. Doy, the State having dismissed as to Charles. At the appointed time, Governor Shannon and General Davis appeared with a number of witnesses and many depositions from Kan- sas, and the trial was commenced, and for three days was heard, amid an immense crowd, which packed the old court house to repletion. The jury were Samuel B. Tolin, George Boyer, Jacob Boyer, H. D. Louthen, Merrill Willis, Henson Devoss, George Clark, Henry P. Smith, John Modrill, Ortin M. Loomis, William W. Mitchell and James Hill. At the close of the evidence. Judge Norton, (now of the Supreme Court of Missouri), who had presided with great dignity and fairness, instructed the jury as to the law of the case. The case was then opened by General Bassett for the state, in a speech of masterly power and searching analysis of the evidence. He was followed by General Davis in a speech of two hours, and then Gov- ernor Shannon, in a speech of three hours. Both of these speeches were brilliant, pathetic and logical, and vindicated the judgment of the Kansas Legislature in their selection, as both of them were Democrats. After supper the Court House was packed to hear the closing of the case by Col. Doniphan, which was done in a speech of one hour and a half, of singular power of argument and analysis, and when he closed there was scar>c«ly a doubt of the guilt of the prisoner, and the effect of it was announced in a verdict of guilty within a short time after the retirement of the jury. The defendant. Dr. Doy, appealed to the Supreme Court, and, pend- ing the appeal, he was released from jail by a party of Kansans, headed by John Brown who, afterwards, vindicated his faith as a martyr at Har- per's Ferry. They crossed from Elwood, on a dark night in skiffs, and approached the old jail during a heavy storm, and induced the jailor to open the door by presenting one of their number as a supposed horse- thief, recently caught in Andrew County, and, once within the jail, they 282 HISTORY OF BUCHANAN COUNTY. captured the jailor, released Dr. Doy, leaving the jail locked and threw the key away and returned to Kansas without any pursuit or molesta- tion. The statute, under which the indictment was found, is section 27, page 576, vol. I, of the statutes of Missouri of 1855, and is as follows: Sec. 27. If any person shall entice, decoy, or carry away out of this state, any slave belonging to another, with intent to deprive the owner thereof of the services of such slave, or with intent to procure or effect the freedom of such slave, he shall be adjudged guilty of grand larceny and punished by imprisonment in the penitentiary not less than five years. Dr. Doy, soon after his escape, left Lawrence for Rochester, New York, where he published a book giving an account of his trial and con- vection. His book spoke kindly of the witnesses and attorneys who prosecuted him, but bitterly of the ofificers and jury which convicted him. It is reported he died in New York some years since. His son Charles was hanged in southern Kansas, in the fall of i860, for horse stealing, by a vigilance committee, at the command of Judge Lynch. EARI.V REMINISCENCES. One of the earliest and most respected pioneers of Buchanan County relates the following incidents : "In 1838 I came to the 'Platte Purchase,' and for a short time after my arrival resided with my brother, who had located some seven or eight miles north of Blacksnake Hills. At that time the country was new and wild. The land was unsurveyed, and the squatter erected his cabin wherever he pleased, provided he did not put it within a quarter of a mile of his nearest neighbor. "Disputes about claims were of frequent occurrence, and sometime* resulted in violence and bloodshed. But upon the whole, the people, though poor, were quite friendly and were ever ready to throw open their cabin doors to the passing stranger. One of the early acquaint- ances formed by me after I came, was Solomon L. Leonard, who was afterwards Judge of this judicial district. This early acquaintance ripened into lasting friendship, and Judge Leonard, though differing with his friends in politics, could always rely upon them for support in his struggles for official position. He was a stern man, but a true friend to the upright in life. In the fall of 1862, he was accidentally drowned in the Indian Territory. The mania for town sites which spread all over the western states did not afSict the early settlers of the Platte country, for there were' no towns or villages worthy of being called such north of Weston, in the Platte Country. HISTORY OF BUCHANAN COUNTY. 283 I was frequently on the present town site of St. Joseph, five years before the town was located. In the fall of 1835 I was here attending the second court ever held in Buchanan County. The officers of the "court were Judge King ; Burnett, Prosecuting Attorney ; Edwin Toole, Circuit Clerk, and Samuel M. Gilmore, Sheriff The attorneys in attend- ance were Andrew S. Hughes, Alexander W. Doniphan, David R. Atchi- son, William Wood, Amos Rees, Prince L. Hudgers, Theodore D. Wheaton and Solomon L. Leonard. The court house was a log struc- ture, owned by Joseph Robidoux and located on the ground now occu- pied by the Occidental Hotel. There was no difficulty in obtaining meals, but many persons were compelled to sleep on the bare floor, without quilt or blanket, in the log court house above mentioned. An incident occurred at this term of court which came very near resulting in a serious riot. Under an act of Congress, the sixteenth section of the public land was donated for school purposes, and the county courts were authorized to sell the land and Control the money. The sheriff had advertised some of this land for sale, and there was a general feeling in the community that the persons who had settled upon it before the sur- vey should be allowed to purchase their homes at one dollar and a quar- ter per acre, the amount charged by the government for other lands. "The sheriff now announced his purpose to commence the sale. He was immediately surrounded by a ring of strong men, and there rang out upon the assembled crowd, the cry 'that no one should bid against the claimant of the land.' The excited squatter bid one dollar and a quarter for his home, now under the sheriff's hammer. The bid was announced again and again. For a moment breathless silence reigned on every hand, but, to the amazement of all present, some daring fellow stepped forward with a weapon of death clutched in his hand, said : "I will give one dollar and fifty cents per acre." In an instant the coats flew from more than a dozen stalwart shoulders and the indications were unmis- takable that some one would be hurt. The opposing bidder now walked quietly away, remarking that he ' did not want the land ; that he only desired to show these gentlemen that he was not afraid to bid.' In the summer of 1838, while passing through a sparsely settled por- tion of Buchanan County, I suddenly came upon fifteen or twenty Indi- ans. They were either pa.ssing though the country, or had returned to their old hunting grounds for the purpose of taking game. Without doubt, they were friendly Indians, but the unexpected discovery of such a company, far away from any human habitation, created in my mind a desire for some other locality just about that time. Suspecting my trepidation, one of the redskins dashed after me like an arrow, but from some inexplicable cause to me, suddenly stopped and retraced his steps. The latter movement met with my decided approval, 284 HISTORY OF BUCHANAN COUNTY. and the Indian now returned to his comrades, with an apparent sardonic grin upon his dusky countenance, and pursued the even tenor of his way. The first political nieeting I attended in Buchanan County was held a few miles north of the Blacksnake Hills. Two candidates for the Leg-' islature were present, and at once proceeded to present their claims to the assembled voters. They were both Democrats, but one of them had conceived the idea of charging his opponent with being a Whig, well- knowing that even a suspicion of this kind would defeat his election. He supported his charge by the following arguments : First, his oppo- nent was from a Whig State ; second, he handed a notice for public speaking to a Whig, with the request that he would post it up at the place of meeting, and third, the Whigs to a man were giving him their support. The speaker here distinctly proclaimed that he did not desire Whig support ; that if any Whig voted for him it would be without his consent. The other candidate now took the stand, and unequivocally denied the charge of being a Whig, but admitted the specifications. He said it was true, he was from a Whig State ; that he did hand a notice to a Whig, with the request that he would post it up at their place of meeting, and, moreover, he thought it altogether probable that the Whigs intended to give him their support at the approaching election, and he was quite willing they should do so. Here the speaker reminded his opponent that there might be satisfactory reasons why one gentle- man should be preferred to another for an official position,- independent of all political considerations. The man who was willing to receive Whig support, and not sufficiently cautious to conceal it, was defeated, and the demagogue was triumphant'' CHAPTER XVII. REVIEW OF THE PROGRESS OF AGRICULTURAL ENTERPRISE-FAIRS AND EXP0SITIONS- STATE FISH HATCHERY. The progress of agricultural enterprise in the past quarter of a cen- tury, evident all over our land, in no section has developed more marked advancement than th^t displayed in the condition of Northwest Missouri to-day. Buchanan County, in common with others of the earlier settled portions of the Platte Purchase, enjoyed the advantage of numbering among her original settlers men of means, intelligence and enterprise. This fact is abundantly evident in the character of some of the earliest attempts at improvement to-day extant within her limits. Naturally the first settlements were made in the timbered districts of the county, and it was not till a very large proportion of this part of the same was settled that the pioneers from the older states, many of whom had never seen a prairie till their arrival in Mirsouri, began to venture settlements in that, in those days, doubtful region of treeless expanse. Indeed there are to-day living in the county, on well-improved and valuable prairie farms, men who at the period of their first arrival in the country, thirty-five or forty years ago, declared the opinion that the timberless prairies would never be settled. These now include some of the best improved and most desirable sections of the county. The cultivation of cleared timber land with the necessary presence of stumps, precluded the application of machinery, long after the use of the same had become comparatively common in the older settled dis- tricts. Slave labor was extensively, indeed, generally, employed, and the hoe, an implement almost obsolete in this advanced day, was the indis- pensable means of cultivating every crop which required tillage after planting. Notwithstanding the comparatively careless character of farm- ing which soon succeeded the first efforts of the pioneers, even in that early day, the returns from agricultural labor were enormous. The very fact of the generous soil so readily responding to the efforts of the hus- bandman induced this lack of diligence and laborious care in farming which was indeed unnecessary. Men from the older states, who were accustomed in. their former homes t6 manuring and preparing for seed with the most scrupulous care the soil which they afterwards hoed and plowed repeatedly to secure a scanty yield of corn or of some other pro- 286 HISTORY OF BUCHANAN COUNTY. duct, soon learned that prairie sod-corn planted in the simply upturned glebe, without any subsequent attention, yielded crops which, in their former homes in the older states, would have been regarded as enormous. Many of the early settlers of the county, who brought their slaves with them, came from districts of Kentucky and Virginia, where hemp was a staple product. The first attempt to introduce the culture of this crop, which was soon to become the great staple of Buchanan, in common with other counties' of the state, proved an unqualified success. We state, on the authority of Dr. Silas McDonald, of St. Joseph, that he raised in Buchanan County, the first crop of hemp ever produced in the Platte Purchase. This was in the year 1840. The seed he procured from Clay County, and the yield he afterward sold at the rate of $4 per hundred, to Charles A. Perry, of Weston. This success soon induced others to the culture of this crop, and, in a few years, hemp was recognized as the great staple of the county. It so continued until the breaking out of the civil war, when, in default of slave labor, the raising of this product was gradually discontinued. Other commodities were imported as substitutes, and, in a few years; the amount raised in the county of what had for years constituted its great staple became so insignificant as to be entirely omitted in com- mercial quotations. There probably never was a country adapted, by soil and climate, to as various a character of products, as much confined, for years, to one yield. The culture of hemp seemed to have absorbed almost every other agricultural enterprise. Nothing raised in the country either before its introduction or since its abandonment has paid as well. The average price for years was $100 per ton, and the average yield per acre 800 pounds. Aside from the remunerative character of the crop, many advantages contributed to its popularity. Being invariably cut before it went to seed, it failed, as with other crops, to impoverish the soil ; indeed, it was a generally admitted fact that from the decomposition of the foliage, old hemp land, instead of deteriorating in quality from constant cropping, steadily improved, and 1,000 pounds to the acre on such lands was no uncommon yield. Another advantage in the raising of hemp was that its culture did not in any way interfere with the corn crop. Sowed early in the spring before corn planting time, it was not ready for cutting before August, when all the corn was " laid by." In the palmiest days of hemp raising, but a comparatively small amount of wheat was produced in the county. The rich alluvial soil of the river bottoms, fathomless in the' depths of its exhaustless fecundity, as well as that of the scarcely less productive uplands, was ill adapted, to the yielding of wheat, which, at best, commanded no such return as did HISTORY OF BUCHANAN COUNTY. 287 hemp. Indeed, so insignificant was the quantity of wheat raised in the county in those days, that a considerable amount of the flour consumed was imported. In the matter of breaking hemp, 112 pounds was considered a day's work. The slave was paid at the rate of one dollar per hundred for all he broke over and above this, the standard task. It was not unusual to find negroes in those days who broke from 200 to 300 pounds per day, and in this way often earning $100 during the course of a winter. Besides this there were occasionally found masters who allowed such of their slaves as displayed unusual industry, patches of ground, on which they raised hemp for their own exclusive and personal benefit. This patriarchal character of servitude was the rule rather than the exception in Buchanan County. C. A. and E. H. Perry, hemp dealers of Weston, had a branch house in St. Joseph, and for many years shipped on an average 500 tons of hemp from that port. This, of course, was but a small portion of the annual yield of the county. It was nothing uncommon to get as high as 20 tons of hemp from one farmer. The extraordinarily remunerative business of hemp-raising induced many to purchase farming lands in the county on credit. About the period of the breaking out of the civil war, these enterprising citizens had, many of them, about succeded in paying for these lands, and were beginning to contemplate improvements in the way of building, etc., when the distracted condition of the country put a sudden and protracted stop to every class and character of improvement. This, in a great measure, accounts for the inferior character of farm residences in the county, compared with those of Platte and other neighboring counties, about the period of the revival of business, after the close of the war. The demand for hemp ceased, and the farmers of the county began to direct their attention to the culture of other products. Wheat, thoug"h an uncertain crop in the county, began to claim attention, and the extra- ordinary yield of one season, shortly after the close of the war, and a price of some two dollars per bushel, started everybody to raising wheat. Experience has demonstrated, however,, the truth that while an occasionally excellent crop may be raised, Buchanan is by no means a wheat country. Enterprise in the business of farming, in all its various expressions has, from time to time, been manifested within the county. All the latest appliances of art in the way of machinery for lightening and expediting labor, are tested, and rejected or adopted on the basis of their respective merits, as soon as presented to the public. The spirit of old fogyism on the part of the farming community is found to exist only in rare and isolated cases. The circumstance of Buchanan, having, for so many years of her earlier history, been pre-eminently a hemp county, serves to account, in 288 HISTORY OF BUCHANAN COUNTY. a considerable degree, for the comparatively small interest manifested in the raising of cattle. Improvement in the different breeds of live stock of all kinds is an enterprise of comparatively recent date among the farmers of this county, though a lively interest has, of late years, been awakened in this direction. The hog crop especially compares favorably with that of most counties of the State. The matter of fruit culture as a pursuit of general interest, is also a recent step in the march of rural progress, though there have existed, from a comparatively recent day, some extensive and valuable orchards of apple trees in the county. Noteworthy among these is an orchard of several thousand trees, the property of Major Feland, in Crawford Township, before referred to. There is no corn country in the state superior to the Missouri and Platte River bottoms of Buchanan, and, with the exception of wheat, small grains of all kinds may be said to yield unfailing crops. HORTICULTURE, of recent years, has become a pursuit as remunerative as it is popular, and several large and well stocked market gardens exist in the environs of the city of St. Joseph. UVA CULTURE. has for many years claimed the attention of ajnateurs, as well as of specialists. Several vineyards of considerable size are found in the county, and wine of a superior quality is manufactured. The indications are that the culture of the grape and its manufacture into wine will one day become an important industry of the county. Buchanan County, in common with other districts of the Great West, has had her trying vicissitudes. Her native strength, and the indomit- able spirit of perseverance on the part of her people, however, have risen superior to each and every calamity; her trials only demonstrating the magnitude of her splendid resources. In the Gazette of 1845, under head of " The Crops," we find the fol- lowing : "We were fearful that the crops in the county would be injured by the excessive rains that have fallen lately, but are gratified to learn that the wheat has suffered no damage, as it is now generally ready for cut- ting. The corn and hemp looks very fine and promises an abundant yield. The comfort of the people and the immediate prosperity of our town depend very much upon the present crop. The farmers lost almost everything last year, and the year before, and could not well bear a third failure. But the wheat is good and safe, and the corn and hemp promise well." HISTORY OF BUCHANAN COUNTY. 289 Besides the terrible backset to the entire country from the conse- quences of the civil war, Buchanan County suffered her full share of the evils of the grasshopper scourge, the desolating effects of which were felt, with brief intervals of cessation, from 1866 to 1874. Confident in the power of her grand resources, and ever hopeful of better days, her people scorned, in the hour of their calamity, to solicit the aid of their more fortunate neighbors, and ultimately triumphed proudly over the ills upon her poured by malignant fortune. Phcenix-like she has risen from the wreck of every calamity, more beautiful and enduring than before, and to-day she presents to the world a spectacle of solid growth and substantial wealth of which many an older and more fortunate country might be justly proud. As before intimated, many of the earliest settlers of the county were men of intelligence, as well as of a fair share of pecuniary means. These early recognized the importance of competitive exhibitions of native products in advancing the spirit of enterprise and consequent (improvement of all that pertains to excellence in rural or agricultural pursuits. Accordingly, in the Gazette of August 2d, 1854, we find the fol- lowing : "The Agricultural Fair of Buchanan County will come off on the 19th, 20th and 21st September next. The committee have sent east for about seven hundred dollars worth of gold and silver plate premiums." The issue of the same paper, under date of Wednesday, September 20th, 1854, says : " Yesterday was a proud day for our county. It was the first day of the first Agricultural Fair ever held in the county. There was a large concourse of ladies and gentlemen present. Great, interest was mani- fested. The St. Joseph Band was there, and added much to the interest of the occasion. Mr. Silas Woodson delivered a very able and eloquent address on the subject of agriculture, and, though he had but little time for preparation, he did himself and the subject great credit." In the Gazette of Wednesday, September 27th, 1854, appears the fol- lowing : "BUCHANAN COUNTY FAIR. "On Tuesday, Wednesday and Thursday last, were the days of the first Agricultural and Mechanical Fair ever held in Buchanan, or any of the counties above in what is known as the Platte Purchase. It was attended each day by a large concourse of people from this and the sur- rounding counties. The/<2/r — we mean the/«^> sex — were present and lent ' enchantment to the view' that was already beautiful ; but the spark- ling eyes and smiling faces of the fair ones attracted many to the spot, where were to be seen the rich and varied products of our country, who otherwise might not have been there, 290 HISTORV OF BUCHANAN COUNTY. The weather was delightful — ^the fair ground in a beautiful grove, peculiarly adapted to the purpose — where thronged the great crowd, all seeming to manifest much interest in the occasion. The whole scene was enlivened by the music of the St. Joseph brass band. Everything passed off decently and in order. General satisfaction given, and a noble spirit of emulation aroused that will be productive of much good. Many of the articles exhibited by the ladies on the first day would reflect credit upon the best fairs in Kentucky. At the close of the exhibition of the first day, Mr. Silas Woodson delivered a truly eloquent address on the subject of agriculture. The associate editor of the Cycle, being the secretary of the Associ- ation, we copy from his paper : FIRST DAY — MANUFACTURES. Best specimen mixed jeans, a beautiful article — premium to Mrs. J. P. Bryan, of Buchanan. Plaid linsey — premium to same lady, $2. White linsey — premium to William Gartin, of Buchanan, $2. Woolen Blankets — premium to Mrs. J. P. Bryan, of Buchanan, $5. Half hose — premium to same, $1. Satinet — premium to N. Buel, of Buchanan, $5. Cotton quilt — premium to Mrs. Rosanna Porter, of Buchanan, $10. This was a rich quilt evidencing great skill and toil in the manufacture. Cotton quilt — certificate to Mrs. Mary A. Mosely. This is a beauti- ful article. Silk quilt, patchwork — premium to Mrs. E. C. Davis, St. Joseph, $10. The design of this quilt was the "American Confederacy," as represented in its constellation of stars, the States of the Union. Its pattern was after the style of quilted and knotted work. (See Godey for September.) Silk quilt, a rich hexagon, exhibiting great skill and beauty in its execution, and much admired — certificate to Miss Betty F. Cunningham, of Jackson County. Worsted patch-work, also a magnificent hexagon, universally admired, and pronounced a most elegant specimen of art — premium to Mrs. W. L. Irvine, of Buchanan, $10. Worsted patch-work quilt, also a rich article — certificate to Miss Betty F. Cunningham, of Jackson. Worsted bed cover — premium to Mrs. Amanda Kelly, $3. This was a delicate and beautiful article. Needle-work and embroidery — premium to Mrs. Capt. Jas. Craig, $2 ; certificate to Mrs. C. M. Thompson. Worsted rug — certificate to Mrs. J. P. Ryan. HISTORY OF BUCHANAN COUNTY. 291 Linen shirt— premium $1, Mrs. M. Britton. Shirt by girl under 12 — premium $1, to Miss A. G. Long/ Half hose— premium $1, to Mrs. J. P. Bryan; certificate to Mrs. Jen- kins. Two pair hose — premium $1 each, by two orphan girls, Sarah and Catharine Lewis. Best two-horse wagon — premium $5, to J. A. Forest. Sofa — premium to D. J. Heaton, $2. Set chairs — premium to D. J. Heaton, $2. Tin ware — premium $2, to F. B. Kercheval. Single harness — premium $2, to Wm. Keer. This specimen of har- ness was indeed beautiful. Single harness — certificate to L Landis. Side saddle — certificate to C. A. Shoultz. No premium offered. Single buggy — a magnificent article; premium $5, to A. Dolph. Dentistry — certificate to Dr. J. E. Hewlet. Fancy sign board — certificate to E. J. Knapp. No premium offered. Best two sacks flour — premium $2, to B. F. Northcutt. Two sacks flour — certificate to N. Buel. Wheat cleaner — premium to James Cargill. POULTRY, FRUITS, ETC. Shanghai chickens — premium $1, to R. Mosely. Brahma Pootra — premium $1, to Mrs. W. L. Irvine. Best display poultry — premium $2, to Mrs. W. L. Irvine. Sweet potatoes — premium $1, to A-. Dittemore. Ham — premium $2, to Mrs. R. Middleton. Butter — premium $2, to Mrs. Wm. P. Richardson. Peaches, variety — premium $2, to Wm. McGrew. Grapes — premium $1, to Wm. McGrew. Peaches, best i dozen — premium to Mrs. J. P. Bryan. Onions — premium $1, to Judge Morris. Melons — premium $1, to H. D. Harding. SECOND DAY — CATTLE, SHEEP AND HOGS. The second day opened as brilliantly as the first, with as fine an exhibition of stock as the most sanguine friend of the association could have hoped for. The grounds were again filled with a vast concourse of people, and graced with the beauty of Buchanan. We were pleased to see so many ladies present. It not only showed their good taste, but their high appreciation of what constitutes the true wealth and pros- perity of their country. 292 HISTORY OF BUCHANAN COUNTY.. In view of the whole day's exhibition, we venture tot say that such a galaxy of fine stock has never been seen in Missouri above the Boon's Lick country. We append the premiums as follows ; BULLS. Four years and upwards — premium $io, to W. L. Irvine ; certificate to T. H. Irvine. Two years and under — premium $6, to J. W. Steel, of Platte. One and under two — premium $6, to A. Bowman ; certificate to R. C. Mosely. Under one year — premium $5, to J. H. Irvine ; certificate to W. L. Irvine. • COWS. Four years and upwards — premium $io, to D. Shanks ; certificate to J. J. Hart. Two years and under three — premium $6, to R. C. Mosely ; certifi- cate to same. Three years and under four — premium $iO, to G. W. Brackenridge ; certificate to J. J. Hart. One year and under two — premium, $6, to A. Bowman, of Andrew; certificate to W. L. Irvine ; P. Wirthume, white ribbon, for neatness. Under one year old — premium $5, to J. J. Hart ; certificate to D. Shanks. OXEN. Best fat bullock or heifer — premium $io, to W. L. Irvine ; certifi- cate, R. C. Mosely. Best yoke work steers — premium $io, to R. B. Thomas ; certificate to William Litz. HOGS. Best sow — premium $5, to R. Ladd ; certificate to H. D. Morris. SHEEP — LONG WOOL. Best buck — premium $5, to G. W. Brackenridge, of Andrew ; cer- tificate to J. T. Doughty. Best ewe— premium $5, to G. W. Brackenridge; certificate to J. T. Doughty. FINE WOOL. If. Best ewe — premium $5, to B. C. Porter, of Andrew County. HISTORY OF BUCHANAN COUNTY. 293; THIRD DAY — HORSES, MULES, &C. The third day opened with increased interest. A display of fine horses will always attract a crowd, and at an early hour the show grounds- were again thronged. The exhibition of stock this day surpassed the expectations of the most sanguine. There were many beautiful animals on the ground — animals hard to duplicate in the state. We annex awards : HORSES. Best age stallion for harness — premium $10, to H. D. Harding ; certificate to J. W. Martin. Stallion, two years old and under — premium to W. Gartin ; certifi- cate to Porter and Ardery, St. Joseph. Stallion, one year old and under — premium to Isaac Miller. Stallion, under one year — premium to J. G. Smith. Mare for harness, two years and under three — premium to Milt. Murphey ; certificate to James Noland. Filley, under one year — premium to Dr. W. G. Burton ; certificate to B. C. Porter. Best pair carriage horses — premium $10, to Sparks and Talbot, St. Joseph. Finest buggy horse — premium $8, to J. O. Fisher ; certificate to Wm. Ardery. * Stallion for saddle, four years and upward — premium $10, to J. O. Fisher. Ditto, two years old and under three — premium $6, to O. H. P. Craig, of Savannah. Ditto, under one — premium $3, to Wm. L. Irvine ; certificate to J.- D. Burgess. Best brood mare for harness — premium $10, to Isaac Miller. Best mare for saddle, over four years — premium $10, to E. N. Hart ^ certificate to W. L. Irvine. Ditto, two years and under — premium $6, to C. F. Hilterbridal, of Andrew ; certificate to J. B. Cox. Ditto, under one year — premium to Burgess Elliot ; certificate W-. K. Richardson. Best saddle animal — premium $10, to H. D. Hardin ; certificate to S. Hill. Best draft stallion, two years old and upwards — premium $10, to Porter and Arderny ; certificate to Henry Paschal. Ditto, two and under three— premium $8, to O. H. P Craig, of Savannah. \ 294 HISTORY OF BUCHANAN COUNTY. Best draft mare, three years old and upwards — premium $10, to R. C. Mosely ; certificate to J. E. Burgess. Ditto, two and under three — premium $8, to Wm. Ardery. Ditto, one and under two — premium $6, to Isaac Miller. Ditto, under one — premium $5, to B. C. Porter, of Andrew. JACKS. Four years and upwards — premium $10, to T. H. Irvine ; certificate to Edwin N. Hart. Under one year — premium $S. to C. Todd. JENNETS. Four years and upwards — premium $10, to T. H. Irvine and C. J- Hart ; certificate to C. Todd. Two years and under — premium $6, to T. H. and W. L. Irvine. MULES. Two years and upwards — premium $10, to Preston Richardson; certificate to James Carson. One year and under two — prmium $8 to A. G. Davis. Under one year — premium $5 to W. L. Irvine ; certificate to A, Woolverton. Finest and i^est broke mules — premium $10 to Maj. Wm. P. Rich- - ardson ; certificate to Sparks and Talbott. All the premiums were paid at the close of each day, in beautiful silver plate. Hon. W. P. Hall closed the scenes of the day and the occasion with an eloquent and appropriate address. Thus has passed off" the first annual fair of the Buchanan Agricultu-' ral Society. It was an epoch in the history of our county, and the dawn of a brighter day upon its agricultural, mechanical and manufacturing interests. Heaven vouchsafed bright skies and balmy days. The rem- iniscences will be pleasant to dwell upon, and we trust all have gone home with the full determination to do all they can to promote the inter- est of the society and to extend its usefulness. There were many articles exhibited for which no premiums had been awarded. Among them we noticed a box of superior candles manufactured by Messrs. Pinger, Hauk & Co., of St. Joseph. Mr. C. A. Shultz exhibited a slendid lady's saddle. At the next annual fair there will doubtless be a larger list of pre- miums than were offered this time. We anticipate, then, an occasion worthy of many of the old states. HISTORY OF BUCHANAN COUNTY. 295 The Platte country is unsurpassed in fertility of soil, and all that con- stitutes or contributes to the wealth and happiness of a prosperous people." The officers of the above described, the first fair held in Buchanan County, were : General Robert Wilson, President ; William L. Irvine, Vice President ; A. M. Saxton, Treasurer ; Wellington A. Cunningham, Secretaey. The Robert Wilson above referred to, filled, for a brief period, a con- spicuous position in our national affairs during the late civil war. March 18, 1861, Waldo P. Johnson, a Breckenridge Democrat, was elected U. S. Senator for six years, from March 4, 1861. Dec. 10, 1861, Solomon Tutt, of Vermont, offered a^ resolution to the U. S. Senate, expelling Mr. Johnson from that body, for sympathy with and participation in the rebellion against the government of the United States. On January 20, 1862, Lyman Trumbull, of Illinois, chairman, made a report from the committee, in favor of the resolution of expulsion, which was adopted — yeas, 35 ; nays, none. Dec. 18, 1861, Charles Sumner, of Mass., introduced a resolution ■expelling Trusten Polk, also a Senator from Missouri, for the same rea- sons given in the case of Mr. Johnson. It was referred to' the Judiciary Committee, and on January 20, 1862, Lyman Trumbull, of Illinois, chair- man, reported in favor of it to the Senate, and it was adopted — yeas, 36; nays, none. The vacancies thus occurring were filled by Lieutenant-Governor Willard P. Hall, in the absence of Governor Gamble, he appointing Rob- ert Wilson, of Andrew, and John B. Henderson, of Pike. The site of the first fair grounds is now (1881) included within the limits of the city, near the northern extremity of Eleventh street. Fairs continued to be held here for seven successive years, the last occurring in the fall of i860. The civil war, of course, put an end to everything of the kind ; and no move to revive the institution was inaugurated till two years after its close. July 31, 1867, was organized the y ST. JOSEPH AGRICULTURAL AND MECHANICAL ASSOCIATION, with the following nine directors ; Robert Wilson, Leonidas M. Lawson, Moses G. Fish, ]. R. Willis, Benj. Ullman, Albe M. Saxton, Thos. B. Weakly, Washington L. Cundiff, Hugh Lewis. The officers of the Association were : General Robert Wilson, Pres- ident; Thos. B. Weakly, Vice-President; A. M. Saxton, Treasurer; C. B. France, Secretary. 296 HISTORY OF BUCHANAN COUNTY. The preamble of the Articles of Incorporation states that the object of the Association is the promotion of agriculture, horticulture and the iViechanical arts. Amount of capital stock, $15,000, divided in shares of $100 each. The $15,000 of stock .was apportioned as follows : R. Wilson, 5 shares ■ ■'■ $ 500 J. R. Willis, 10 shares i.OOO' L. M. Lawson, 10 shares ... i,ooc)' M. G. Fish & Co., 5 shares 500 M. M. Claggett, 10 shares 1,000 Hugh Lewis, 5 shares 500 A. M. Saxton, 10 shares 1,000 T. B. Weakly, 10 shares I,00Q Ben. Ullman, 5 shares 500 A. Beattie, 5 shares 500 C. B. France, 10 shares 1,000- Wm. Ridenbaugh, 10 shares •. i.ooo R. L. McDonald, 5 shares 500 Samuel Ensworth, 10 shares 1,000 Thos. E. Tootle, 10 shares ... 1,000 Isaac Curd, 5 shares 500 G. W. McAlear, 2 shares 200- W. L. Cundiff & Co., 8 shares 800 Milton Tootle, 5 shares 500 D. M. McDonald, 10 shares 1,000 The records of the association state that at the meeting held August I, 1867, the oath of loyalty was signed by all the directors, whick oath was filed in the office of the County Clerk ; and then followed the election of the above-mentioned officers. At a meeting held August 6, 1867, on motion of L. M. Lawson, it was ordered to purchase the twenty-acre lot on Frederick Avenue, known as the Old Rope Walk, of Bassett & Ensworth, and accept the title as represented by Mr. Ensworth, at four hundred dollars per acre,, being eight thousand dollars for the twenty acres. The first fair was ordered to commence October 29, 1867, and con- tinue four days. This fair was largely attended and generally pronounced a success. Net receipts, $243.55. I At a meeting held March 21, 1868, by resolution, the stock of the ' company was increased to the sum of twenty thousand dollars, each stockholder taking the proportion as now held in the old stock. At a meeting held November, 1867, it was resolved that the next annual fair be held on the second Monday of October, 1868, being the i2th of October. The net receipts for this year were $2,030.91. HISTORY OF BUCHANAN COUNTY. 29/ By resolution passed April ii, 1868, it was determined that the fair •should be held on the fourth Monday of September every year. In the following year the capital stock was increased to $30,000. In the spring of 1870, the association sustained a heavy loss in the ■death of its honored president, General Wilson. At a meeting of the board of directors of the Agricultural and Mechanical Association of St. Joseph, held Wednesday, May 18, 1870, the following preamble and resolutions were unanimously adopted, viz. : Whereas, We have heard with profound regret of the death of General Robert Wilson, President of the Saint Joseph Agricultural and Mechanical Association, and Whereas, We cherish the memory of his distinguished services in the cause of agriculture and the mechanical arts in Northwest Missouri ; therefore be it Resolved — By the Board of Directors of the Saint Joseph Agri- cultural and Mechanical Association — First — That in the death of General Wilson, the president of the association, we have sustained an irreparable loss. Second — That we will remember with gratitude his faithfnl and noble services in behalf of the association, and the self-sacrificing spirit that characterized all his labors in its behalf, fostering, as he did, the institu- tion with a zeal, care, and devotion truly paternal. Third — That in founding and organizing this association (devoted to the noblest purposes of man) as the latest public act of his long and useful career, he has placed an appropriate crown upon the column of a well-earned and honest fame. Fourth — That the papers of this city be requested to publish these resolutions, and that they be printed in the annual catalogue of the approaching annual fair of the St. Joseph Agricultural and Mechanical Association. T. B. WEAKLY, Acting President. D. M. McDonald, Secretary. At a meeting held December 17, 1870, R. L. McDonald was elected President of the Association. He continued to fill this position till the final dissolution of the same. The Association continued with various fortunes till September, 1871, when its last fair was held. At a meeting of the St. Joseph Agricultural and Mechanical Association, held pursuant to notice, at the office of the Secretary, Monday, January 15, 1872, on motion, it was unanimously resolved that the operations of the Association be discontinued. The grounds were at that time mortgaged to the Life Association of Anierica; and, at the request of the stockholders, they were sold under that deed of trust. Thus terminated the fortunes of the second Fair Association of Buchanan County. In the fall of 1873, it was determined that Buchanan County should no longer be without a fair, and, accordingly, measures were set on foot for the establishing and organizing of an Exposition. 298 HISTORY OF BUCHANAN COUNTY. The place selected for holding the same was a level plain, directl}^ .east of the machine shops of the Kansas City, St. Joseph & Council Bluffs Railroad, readily accessible by rail and otherwise from the city. These grounds were laid out, inclosed and fitted up in superior stjde, with a celerity and dispatch which bespoke the earnestness of those interested in the success of the enterprise. Several hundred hands were employed at one time on the buildings, which were lofty, spacious and tastefully ornamented. The ground plan of the main Exhibition Hal! was that of a Latin Cross ; its length three hundred feet. Each arm of the cross terminated in an octagonal extension eighty feet in diameter. Spacious galleries, approached by easy stairways, extended along each side of the nave of the main hall, affording accommodation for the vast display of fruits and vegetable products offered for exhibition. Power hall filled a space of eighty by two hundred feet. The other buildings on the grounds were of corresponding propor- tions. No effort was spared to properly advertise the enterprise. Pre- mium lists were mailed to every tax-payer in Buchanan County, and upwards of fifteen thousand to farmers living in other counties. The Missouri Republican of August, 1873, in referring to the "approaching St. Joseph Exposition," speaks admiringly of the "beauti- ful and permanent buildings on the grounds" and mentions that $25,000 were offered in premiums. Every indication seemed to bespeak a grand and unqualified success •iti the enterprise, when an unexpected calamity befel, threatening to blast the hopes, so nearly accomplished, of the friends of the Exposition, The Morning 'Herald, of Thursday, September, 4, 1873, came out with the following statement : "Last night, about 9 o'clock, a tornado struck the E.Kposition build- ings and resulted in seriously damaging the Art and Power halls. These were in an unfinished state and could not withstand the severity of the storm. The damage will be repaired and no delay be occasioned to this grand enterprise. Every one is in sympathywith the Exposition project, and we are assured 'that every citizen will come forward now and donate liberally to repair all losses, at whatever cost.' The assurance was not unfounded. The people responded liberally and the work of reconstruction was immediately inaugurated. Such was the determined energy with which the labor of rebuilding was con- ducted, that before the 29th of September, the appointed period for the opening of the Exposition, the damage, amounting to not less than fif- teen thousand dollars, was entirely repaired and everything was in readiness for the display. The books of the Association show that the sum of eight thousand, nine hundred and nine dollars was expended for labor alone in recon- structing the ruined buildings, to say nothing of material used. HISTORY OF BUCHANAN COUNTY. 299 The officers of this, the grandest exposition ever held in the state, outside of St. Louis, were : Captain George Lyon, President ; I. G. Kappner, Treasurer ; E. Fleischer,' Secretary and Gen'l Superintendent. The Sunday preceding the opening was a dreary, dismal day, dawn- ing with a drizzling rain, which continued until nightfall. On Monday following, the 29th September, 1873, the sun rose in a cloudless sky. A more beautiful day for the inauguration could not have been desired. The internal appearance of the grand hall was superb. In the centre of the cross, formed by the intersection of the transept, appeared a circular basin, from which rose the graceful spray of a fountain, while far away in the octagonal terminus of the south transept a grotto, embowered in a minature forest of rare exotic and other flowering plants, which loaded the atmosphere with gratefuT perfume, lent a pleasing relief to the vast display of wares and fabrics on exhibition. By the middle of the afternoon of the first day there were fully ten thousand people on the ground. In the matter of patents alone, thirty-three states were here represented. The effects of this grand display were long felt in the business of the city, and served as an immense advertisement of her resources. Interest in the fair continued unabated till its close. The Morning Herald stated in its issue on the following day, that on Thurs- day, October 2d, the K. C, St. J. & C. B. R. R. carried 33,000 persons to the grounds, and expresses the opinion that there must have been fifty thou- sand people present. So great was the throng, that by noon the associ- ation was compelled to close its gates to the further admission of vehicles. No event of this memorable occasion seemed to attract more gen- eral interest than the Great Baby Show, which occurred on the last day, Saturday, October 4th. There were fifty-seven entries of babies of both sexes, and of all ages, from six weeks to twenty months, including one colored specimen, of the female sex. The judges, on this important occasion, were Governor Giddings, of New Mexico ; Hon. B. M. Austin, of Michigan, and Colonel James N. Burnes, of St. Joseph. The prize, a one hundred dollar buggy, offered as a special premium by C. Kessler & Co., of St. Joseph, was awarded to Kitty Nims, aged twenty months, daughter of Ruel and Catherine Nims, of Nebraska. The utmost harmony and good feeling prevailed to the close of the last day. Everybody seiemed to think that the exposition had proved a grand success. In the enthusiasm of the closing scene, Captain Lyon, the efficient popular president of the association, and a man of no small proportions, was bodily lifted on the top of a stand and vociferously called on for a speech. The captain, in his usual felicitous style, returned thanks for the expression of good will, and after a few well-timed remarks, retired amid a storm of applause. 300 HISTORY OF BUCHANAN COUNTV. But for the accident of the destruction by wind of the buildings, this fair would have been, in every respect, an unqualified success. The receipts of the week were over twentj^-eight thousand dollars, but the fifteen thousand dollars, necessarily expended in restoring the wrecked structures, severely crippled the resources of the association. In 1874 a new corporation was formed, they assuming the payment, in four annual installments, of a mortgage of $15,000 or $16,000 on the buildings. In view of the financial depression consequent upon the grasshopper scourge, the association failed to meet its second payment. The second exposition opened on Monday, September 7, 1874, and closed Saturday evening, September I2th. The officers of the associa-i, tion that year were : James N. Burnes, President ; George Hall, Vice President ; George Lyon, Superintend'ent and Managing Director ; H. R. W. Hartwig, Treasurer ; J. M. Varnum, Secretary ; Captain John A. Dol- man, Assistant General Superintendent ; Colonel Elijah Gates, Chief Marshal. The fair this year was largely attended, and its receipts were $22,500. A notable feature of this fair was the first old settlers' meet- ing, referred to at length under its proper heading. In view of the continued visitation of the grasshopper scourge, inter- est in the succeeding fairs began to flag, and the attendance, in conse- quence, to fall off. The officers of the Association in 1875, were: James N. Burnes, President ; George Lyon, General Manager ; Wm. M. Wyeth, Vice Pres- ident ; H. R. W. Hartwig, Treasurer ; J. T. Imbrie, Secretary. The receipts of the exposition, which occurred, about the usual period in September, this year, were nearly twenty thousand dollars. The second old settlers' meeting occurred during this fair. The fourth annual Exposition opened Monday, September 25thi 1876, and continued till Saturday the 30th. This fair was largely attended. The officers of the Association that year were : James N. Burnes, President ; Wm. M. Wyeth, Vice President ; Capt. George Lyon, General Manager ; J. T. Imbrie, Secretary. The fifth and last Exposition of this Association opened Monday, September loth, 1877, continuing till Saturday, [5th. The officers of the Association during this year were Capt. George Lyon, President and General Manager ; Wm. M. Wyeth, Vice President; J. T. Imbrie, Secretary. In the year 1878 Buchanan County had no fair. It was not in the nature of things, however, that this should continue long. August 29th, 1879, the SAINT JOSEPH EXPOSITION ASSOCIATION was incorporated, with a capital stock of $12,000, divided into 1,200 HISTORY OF BUCHANAN COUNTY. 3OI shares of $10 each. This is commonly known by the name and style of Saint Joseph Inter- State Exposition. The grounds at the terminus of the Citizen's Street Railway are leased by the Association. The locality is well shaded with native tim- ber and watered by a stream which traverses its entire length. The buildings are good and the Association is said to be in a healthy finan- cial condition. The incorporators are Samuel Nave, John J. Abell, Edward Kuechle, L. G. Hunger, and Dr. J. M. D. France. The first ofiScers of this Association were : Samuel Nave, President ; H. R. W. Hartwig, Vice President ; Edward J. Kuechle, Treasurer ; J. T. Imbrie, Secretary. The first fair commenced Monday, September 29th, 1879, and con- tinued till Saturday, October 5th, following. It was largely attended and generally considered a success, although it rained every day of the Exposition. The second Exposition of this Association, which opened Monday, September 6th, 1880, was liberally patronized. It is claimed that on Thursday, the 9th inst., there were present on the grounds 24,000 people. The officers were the same as those of the previous year. The Association have labored to make the enterprise a success. Not less than $16,000 worth of improvements having been placed on the grounds in the past t\ and, as the oW fathers and mothers assembled in their places, it was evi- dent that they were scarcely prepared for this last trial, which did not fall upon their old heads exactly in the shape of a blessing, and before the speaking was over there were scores of them who would have been ready to register an oath that this identical heated term was the worst they ever saw, and that the grand stand had been erected exactly in the spot where the sun would shine the hottest and longest in a direct focus. At last it was announced that the exercises would begin and Col- onel Burnes stated that owing to sickness in his family, it would be impossible for Colonel Doniphan to meet with the old people and address them according to programme. In his place General David R. Atchison was called upon to make the opening address, and replying to the call he stepped forward and made one of his characteristic addresses inter- HISTORY OF BUCHANAN COUNTY. 319 spersed with anecdotes and adventures that always gladden the hearts of the old and give pleasure and instruction to the young. He spoke of those pioneer days, the old people were all so familiar with, and of the hardships connected with them, which now appear like a chasm and a lure to the young. After the conclusion of General Atchison's remarks. Governor George Smith, of Clinton, was announced and said that as General Atchison had in his remarks related some incidents connected with the early settlements of the western part of the state, which he said would show the condition of civilization of the west, he would in a few words relate some of his experiences and observations as an old settler, which would illustrate in one particular the progress made by and grow- ing out of the bold enterprise of these old pioneers. He said that it had been his good fortune to have passed the most of his early days on the frontier, subjecting him in early days to carrying the product of his toil as a farmer by flat-boats to New Orleans for a market. On his re- turn from his second flat-boat expedition, he came to St. Louis on the 4th of March, 1832, the city then having a population of about seven hundred persons, thence on horseback, with two boating companions; he traveled into the western part of the state ; but an incident of said trip would be all he would call in review to illustrate the great progress made in the material interest of our great state. Arriving at Arrowrock, where we desired crossing, we found a Terry-boat consisting of a plat- form on two canoes upon which, by assuring the ferryman that we were boatmen, he agreed to risk ourselves and three horses, and we arrived safe about dark in the town, consisting of one double log cabin, where a religious meeting was being held. We expressed some hesitation as to remaining over night, but it being eighteen miles to the nearest house on the western trail, we accepted the kind hospitality of the proprietor and remained over, there being ample room for the entertainment and the weary traveler, as understood by those kind, hospitable pioneers. Now, old settlers and friends, let us turn our attention to the picture presenting itself to our view of the seven magnificent bridges spanning the waters of this magnificent, boisterous river, besides innumerable other facilities for crossing its turbid waters. He remarked : Nor is it a matter of wonder that such evidences of rapid progress are to be seen when we consider the great natural resources of our state. All persons who have travelled over the state would bear evidence to the fact that by drawing a line from the northeast corner diagonally to the southwest corner and taking the country north and west of said line, it would nearly all be considered of excellent quality for agricultural products, and St. Joseph is in the very heart of the same, whilst much of the land east and south of said line was good for farm products, it would be admitted on all hands it was unsurpassed in mineral wealth and only waiting for labor and capital for development. These were attractions that 320 HISTORY OF BUCHANAN COUNTY. could not escape our intelligent American citizens, consequently we may reasonably suppose the young people of the present time may have the pleasure to inform the next generation of the great and useful changes that have taken place in their day. Senator Cockrill followed Governor Smith, whose remarks had been listened to with pleasure by all present. He congratulated himself upon being a native of the state, although of that portion lying south of the river. He rejoiced in its growth, its advancement, its wealth and its prosperity ; and he felt that he had an especial right to feel proud of standing before these old people. He had been by their aid and the aid of their posterity, elevated to a position of worth and trust, where he could stand as a pleader for their cause and a defender of their rights and liberties. Colonel Wm. F. Switzler, editor of the Missouri Statesman, at Columbia, was then introduced. He had not expected to make a speech. A matter of business, having no connection with the Exposition, or with the reunion of the old settlers, called him to St. Joseph, and he made it convenient to come at this time, but with no expectation of occupying a place on the programme of speakers. Although not an old settler of Northwestern Missouri, he nevertheless could claim to be an old settler of the state, understanding from personal observation and experience much of its early history and the privations and trials of the pioneers of our present civilization. He could not boast, like Senator Cockrill, that he was a native of Missouri, but nevertheless was not ashamed, even in the presence of those who were to the manor born, of announcing with pride that he was a son of the mother of Missouri, the grand old Com- monwealth of Kentucky. (Applause.) As early as 1826, he came from Kentucky to Howard County, Missouri, where he was raised and located, and where as a lad, he first met a distinguished gentleman, who now occu- pies a seat on the platform — Judge Birch. Missouri was then in the sixth year of its history as a state, and did not perhaps contain more than fifteen or twenty thousand voters, and the region now embracing the happy homes of a vast majority of those present was under the almost undisputed dominion of the Indian and buffalo. Since this early period in the annals of the state what a wonderful history we have made as a member of the Federal Union, as a Nation, as a People. What achieve- ments we have made in the arts and sciences, in agriculture and com- merce, in education and means of inter-communication, in all the agen- cies and industries which distinguished the civilization of our age. Very befitting reference had been made by speakers who had preceded him to this progress and prosperity. Let it not be forgotten that to the noble and self-sacrificing efforts, singular perils and consummate wisdom of the heroic men and peerless women now present, and to their associates, living and dead, are we indebted for laying broad and deep HISTORY OF BUCHANAN COUNTY. 32 1 the foundation of our cherished civilization and great prosperity. The men and women of a state, especially the pioneers, who lead the van- guard of the world's march against ignorance and barbarism, are the state, are of more value than all our fields of coal and mines of gold and silver, than all our railroads and bridges and halls of sciences and learn- ing. Men constitute the state, and those before us to-day form the connecting link between our own eventful times and the ignorance of bondage in the bulwark of prosperity at home and respectability abroad. (Applause.) Colonel Charles Mansur, of Chillicothe, was called to the stand, and introduced by General Craig. Colonel Manson then said : Ladies : I must, much as I love the old settlers, name you first, ladies, old settlers and friends. I feel that I owe the high compliment of an invitation to address you, to the too partial -preference of my friends. General Craig and Colonel Burnes ; and yet the swelling pulsations of my heart tell me this is one of the proudest moments of my life, and I should feel recreant to my own spirit if I did not embrace the opportunity thus offered. While the locks of my head are yet undamaged by the snows of forty winters, you may wonder what I may know that will prove of interest to thousands of old settlers here assembled, and while I feel doubtful of the honored appellation of old settler, I can only say that if I had worn my blue coat and brass buttons I should have felt as if I could have divided the honors in that line with my venerable old friend. Judge Birch. Permit me to say that Judge Birch, in callingup his struggles for Congress, suggests' to my mind that about the earliest political struggle that I can remember was in those old Democratic days when the only road to political honor was through the Democratic ranks, when two of our old and memorable friends, Judge Birch and Judge King, undertook to pluck the Democratic goose that laid the Congressional egg in this dis- trict, at the same time, and beneath their joint efforts the proud old bird was so jaded and wearied that not a Roland but an Oliver stole in and captured the coveted prize, and proved to my distinguished friends anew the truth of the old adage, that "in union there is strength." I well remember the first time I saw our honored president. General Atch- ison. It was in March, 1855. I, with a number of Rayites, were camped at Platte City Bridge, on the west side of the river, when Gen- eral Atchison rode up at a full gallop, and with a Satanic rather than a God-like earnestness, proceeded to give us his views of our mission as border ruffians, and our diity towards our benighted Yankee brethren, sent out by Gospel societies of New England under the protection of Sharpe's rifles, to subdue the virgin soil of our sister State of Kansas, and, to echo the sentiment of the general, then and there was born and begun our late internecinal wan. Although not born on Missouri soil, yet the first sentiment of thought I had was of Missouri scenes and actors. My parents emigrated to this section in 1837 ; and, reared in our sister county of Ray, my memory is flooded with a series of recol- lections from say 1845, when only ten years old, up to 1850. How well I remember the old school house of my childhood, built by the hardy pioneers without the use of nail or window glass, the product alone of 322 HISTORY OF BUCHANAN COUNTY. his own right arm, 'with sturdy axe and broad-axe, a puncheon floor and log chimneys daubed with mud. Now view the landscape o'er of our North Missouri ; every village, town and hamlet vie with each other in rearing palatial structures, structures that compare with those of the older and more favored sister states. Who, too, does not remember the hospitality, characteristic of our well-to-do settlers. The latch-string was ever out, and their gen-, uine and sometimes burdensome hospitality puts to shame the article of modern times. Old settlers of Ray, Clay, Clinton, Platte and Cald- well, do you not remember our old-time camp-meetings, where every well- to-do farmer had his log hut or tent, and entertained both man and beast of all who would accept .' Those rich and rare old scenes in the open square of the camp-ground are gone, alas ! I fear, never to return. Do you remember old Father Patten, who would talk so loud that he placed his thumbs in each ear to prevent his own voice from deafening himself.'' Do you remember the store coats ; how few they were and how great a curiosity the appearance of each one and its owner excited ? Do you remember the stirring times incident to the mustering in of the companies furnished by each county as its quota for the Mexican war, the heartrending partings, in many instances, and the joy manifested at • their return, and the rich and generous barbecue given to them. Do you remember the Mexican saddles brought back by them, and the rage of the young men for them, especially for those with the silver mountings ; and that of each young lady to possess, as her own individ- ual property, with bumble bees, or some other kind, nicely stitched upon the seat in golden colors, in an age when our only mode of travel was upon horseback ? And now how varied and different the scene. Railroads checker North Missouri like a chess board, and in our travels, as the darkey said, " we are there before we start," for truly is distance annihi- lated and time overcome. I remember well in the late summer of 1852, when only a strippling grown, of returning from the East, where I had been at school for nearly three years, of being on the road for three weeks, and now it is readily done in as many days. Then the Pennsylvania Railroad, probably now the most wealthy railroad corporation in the world, was not then completed from Philadelphia to Pittsburg, but was supplemented by the slow-going canal. But time passes and I am warned I must close. How magical the changes wrought in our midst. Even far more so than those of the Genii of the magic lamp possessed by Aladdin. Northwest Missouri, yea, even your own proud city of St. Joseph, have no ancestry to boast of They are alike the product of the energy and genius of her own sons and the hon^ ored and venerated pioneers who are all around me. Twenty-five years ago that man would have been declared insane who prognosticated the simple truth of to-day, and the most boundless and vivid imagination could not nor did not fortell the half of to-day. Your own proud, but turbid and restless river, on my right, has been subdued. Seven bridges, monumental of man's power and energy, span its rapid current, and I, young as I am, have seen the celebrations over those erected at your own city, Kansas City and St. Louis. What shall I say, in conclusion, of St. Joseph, proud and Queen City of the Northwest. I have declared she had no ancestry to boast of No ; .she has sprung into existence full HISTORY OF BUCHANAN COUNTY. 323 fledged, armed at all points, and equipped for the battle of life, resting upon the strong arms of her own sons to carry her on to still greater victories than any yet' achieved in the past. Her proud career and com- manding station in our state, furnishing as she has. Governors, Supreme Judges and other high state officials, and the home of such men as a Burnes, a Hall, a Woodson, a Craig and a Vories, reminds me of an anecdote of Gen. Jackson's administration. Shawnee was a great Indian warrior, the measure of whose fame filled his own nation and was the envy of surrounding tribes. He visited the great father, at Washington, and while there was asked by Mrs. Jackson, who did not know how sen- sitive every Indian warrior was upon the subject of his ancestry, who his father was. His face darkened with a cloud, but quickly recovering he said, years ago, the Great Spirit, in his wrath was angry at his red chil- dren, and in his fury, in the midst of storm and thunderings and light- nings, the Great Spirit smote the oldest and proudest oak of the forest, and rent it from top to bottom, and as it fell prone upon the earth, from out of its heart stepped Shawnee, a full-grown Indian warrior brave. So it is with St. Joseph, she sprang into existence full-grown, and her com- manding position, as the gateway of the Northwest, will enable her to maintain her vantage ground. Judge Birch was then introuced, and spoke as follows : Mr. President, Ladies and Gentlemen : — As there can be no motive to impugn the sincerity of the declaration that none of you can be more disappointed than I have been by the non-attendance of the distinguished citizen you came to listen to, who, as the orator of the day, would have so generally swept the field, I will waste no time in excusing myself for that want of preparation to properly supply his place which will soon enough become apparent to you all. I will proceed, therefore, at once to the duty which been assigned me, and shall hope to discharge it in such a manner as may be at least excusable as the results of the reflections of an hour or so instead of a week, or a month, as it would have been my dutj'^ and my pleasure to have expended upon a task so complimentary and so honorable had it been assigned me in time. As the chronologies and other items of precise information which should have entered so largely into an address of this character will have to be recalled from memory instead of the. more reliable sources with which I might have refreshed and better assured myself at home, I can but promise to-do the very best I can, and as no man has ever heard me premise a speech by excuse of any nature before to-day, it is felt that I may the more confidently rely even upon the indulgence of criticism, than I could have done had I been set to the task you have assigned me and in many respects failed to redeem your reasonable expectation. What I deem it appropriate to suggest in advance of anything that I may be prompted to bring up before this vast assembly, is to submit to the old settlers who thus so candidly and encouragingly honor us with their ear, the reverential recognition of an overruling Providence who has so loiig guijded and sustained us, and who has in like manner encouraged and sustained those who subsequently followed us to a country which is here so grandly represented in the all-embracing Exposition of the industries, the enterprise, and, in short, the progress and civilization which have grown up and gladden the eye and ear almost to the verge •of intoxication. All honor to the man and men of St. Joseph who pre- 324 HISTORY OF BUCHANAN COUNTY. sided and have carried to consummation the magnificent Exposition which is before us and around us, and who have inaugurated this re-union of the old settlers who yet linger around and amdng them. And what has brought us all to this pass since the distinguished President of this re-union and myself, with the hundred who are before us, were men of middle age .'' Those of us who are called " old settlers," and who are known accordingly in the programme, and in the badges of the day, are of course content that it be written of us as it has been, that we so blazed the way to what we see before us and around us as to encourage others to follow us up as they have done, and it may perhaps be added, without immodesty, that we have been strengthened and accredited to have so borne ourselves in the conflict to which our circum- stances have committed us, each in his sphere, as to have at least not repelled such proper associations and enterprises as have since clustered around us, and as are typified before us to day. This little conceded, we as unreservedly concede the rest to others, each again in his sphere, and point again and again to this wondrous Exposition as the result of a progressiv^e and common civilization, the outcome, if we niay say, of the germs, which, however rudely planted, had nevertheless to be planted before there could be realized the fruition and fruits of to-day. May such and similar fruitage be progressive in the heritage of our children, and our children's children, who may remain to enjoy them ; or if in the untowardness of events, some of them shall feel constrained to go in , quest of new associations, and to embark upon newer fields of usefulness or of enterprise as their fathers once did, may they carry with them at least the sturdy manhood of their fathers, and continue to adorn and to benefit society, instead of inflicting a blemish upon it or staining it with a wrong. What more shall I say in recognition of the distinction which puts me in the place of such a man as Alexander W. Doniphan, upon such an occasion as the present one ? Firstly, that I shall not be presumptious enough to expect to speak as he would have spoken, even by trying to say it in a different manner to what he would have said it, but simply to substitute as best I may such incidents or experiences as it may occur to me will be most indulgently received by the rows and tiers of benches, pit, box and gallery full, whi.ch so rise up and stretch out before me, as for the first time in fifty years to render me distrustful as to whether my voice can compass the audience which thus honors me with its ear. I briefly allude, therefore, to what I have witnessed, and the humbler part in which I was permitted to act during a period of many years in our state. It may be permissible to premise that when I first looked upon the City of St. Louis from the deck of a steamer which was about to land me there, during the winter of 1826-27, there was something in what seemed to the stately grandeur and the unerring prestige of the location which made me feel that the good old uncle, who had long resided there as a bachelor surveyor of the public lands, and who had invited and inticed me (young as I was) to come to him, buy the office of a newspaper establishment, which had been presided over by Thomas H. Benton, up to the period of his election to the Senate, and afterwards by Gen. Duff. Green, until his transfer to Washington, as the organ of what was then known as " the Jackson Party," at least intended great things for me, whether I could be brought up to them or not. I soon came HISTORY OF BUCHANAN COUNTY. 325 to believe, however, that although the population of the city at that tihie was only about 6,000, it was too large a place for " one of my age," months afterward I transferred myself to a village of the interior with a small newspaper, then the extreme newspaper west. And as I see before me some of these old settlers of Howard County whose acquaintance I made when they were commencing life, as I may say, at Fayette, it will at least be unpardonable should I not occupy the remainder of my time with what they and I then knew and have since come to know of the state and the people, of whom we form a part. The state was divided into four judicial circuits, the one over which the Fayette lawyer traveled extending from Montgomery and Gasconade Counties, and all westward on both sides of the river, to the state line inclusive. By and by a new circuit was organized in this end of the state, and as one of the Governor's military confidants was appointed to be Judge of it, but served as his aid-de-camp, the commander-in-chief, was courteously and confidently conferred upon me, which is the way I came to be Colonel about forty-five years ago. Then we had one mem- ber of Congress. Now we have thirteen — but even yet there are not half as many who can get to go to Congress as are willing to make the sacrifice. Then we had a mail once a week from St. Louis to Fayette in a stage, which the passengers had frequently to pry out of the mud and otherwise help along at the steep places. And from Fayette to Liberty, which was the county-seat of Western civilization of the United States, the mail was sent on horseback once a week. What next ? By a treaty with the Indians, whose wigwams covered the country, perhaps the very spot from which I am thus permitted to address this vast assembly, it was agreed that they would be removed, by their consent, to the other side of the river, and that that should be thereafter the boundary between ourselves, and the red men. The state consenting, and Congress consenting, it was not long before the coun- try was organized into counties and with representation in the Legis- lature, and with David R. Atchison, the President of this reunion, as Judge of this new Judicial Circuit. I wish it were so, sir, said the speaker, (turning to General Atchison), that we could more fully let you loose again from the more rigid conventionalities which but properly attach to an occasion of this nature — you and the lawyers who went around with you at your courts for the first year or so — ^just to hear you tell a few more stories as to the more primitive ways of an old horseback life, in contrast with the step by step advances which have brought us up not only to our palatial houses in our sojournments, but to our palace cars in carrying us there. But I must pause. Our politics in those early times were at least none the worse for having in them a little more heart than they have since grown to have. But let that pass. Other parties had worked into the new names of National Republicans under such leaders as Clay and Webster, and Democrats under such leaders as Jackson and Van Buren, and later still, when the National .Republicans took the name of Whigs, as being more appropriate, to include all the outs against all the ins — there was war in the great earnestness of nothing — a Presidential election which left the country distrustful and embittered as it has come to be. The average Whig of that day was a man who, as well as we should put it, drank his grog regularly and voted his ticket without scratching. 326 HISTORY OF BUCHANAN COUNTY. unless it was felt that he could in some respect do better, and when the Whigs won a big race (which was only about often enough to bring back the Democracy to a recollection that even the most powerful party could not brook the popular credulity or retribution as has since been done,) — when a presidential or state contest was their greatest thought, with it was felt that the country was nevertheless just about as safe as if it had gone the other way ; and we all (or nearly all) shook hands and drank each others health accordingly. As to those Pullman or palace cars to which I return, my friend Governor Hall, who is present, remembers how I was thrown down and made to go foot in our party- almost a quarter of a century ago for advocating that system of internal improvement, out of which they have since grown. I don't think Williard was ever any better Democrat than I was (and yet am) but he was a better party dis- ciplinarian ; and to that, as well as to the patriotic furore which oppor- tunely sent him (and a Doniphan) to Mexico, with musket at his shoulder, instead of longer continuing to oppose the road to India, as I then phrazed the road which carried our children and grand-children to Cal- ifornia a few days ago, I believe he himself ascribes his election to Congress. Of course I would not thus publicly allude, in his absence, to my Congressional campaign with the Governor, when we were both much younger men than we now are, were it' not that I feel free to declare thatj as a political antagonist, he was as fair as he was unyielding, and that in the subsequent history of the railroad which he had opposed as a Congres- sional candidate,, he made it all up and more, too, as our Congressman elect. Although I am probably a trespasser beyond the line of a proper and considerate courtesy, I venture to add a few parting sentences in the reliance per chance that they may be worth remembering by the younger portion of this patient and listening assembly. I see before me old men and old women of all creeds, and what are called no creeds, of whom I ask no more, nor they of me, than as Jehu asked of Jehonadab, is thine heart right .'' This much conceded, as un- der the old dispensation, the forbid him not of Christ, has sufficiently sufficed us for this present dispensation, and it is believed, I incur no risk in assuming, that the older we grow and the more we reflect, the more and more we have of reciprocal charity — the less and less of reciprocal bigotry. It but naturally follows such premises as these that "repentance toward God and faith in the Lord Jesus Christ" is all we require of each other on the score of Christian fellowship. In respect to the neighborhood, a social requirement of these old settlers, such men (turning to Colonel Switzler) as the old Sachems who were looked up to in the early settlement of our old county of Howard — if a man was brave to always tell the truth and stand well up to it in a fight, his children could marry with the children of neighbor- liood aristocracies— and so it is with the present day. But as Keitt sai4 of the cock of South Carolina, who was loud in a crow but bashful in a fight, even the pullets had too much consideration for themselves and their po.sterity to run with them. Farewell, old settlers, and if forever fare- well, we have the consciences to feel in parting (perhaps for the last time) that we have not only been faithful and true to each other, whether as friends or adversaries, but that in the public employment which has fallen to us, we have faithfully served our country; that we have never wronged her, and that in that respect we will be ready to meet the final inquiries of the Judge of all the earth. Farewell, old settlers, farewell. CHAPTER XIX. BUCHANAN COUNTY DURING THE WAR. The history of the important events, which transpired in Buchanan County, during the period of the late war, would alone, fill a large book. At this late day, when the old ship of state is sailing over the smoothest seas of prosperity, and when the deep wounds and gashes made by the war are being healed by the flight of time, and the hopes of the future, men are disposed to remember that unfortunate episode in our national history as a dream ; as a dark story of romance, and are unwilling now to recall the facts and incidents connected with it, espec- ially those that are replete with crime and bloodshed. So believing, we shall only allude briefly to some of the general fea- tures of the war, and the part taken therein by Buchanan County. The citizens of Buchanan County, being largely from the southern and western states, were, prior to i860, intensely patriotic, for it is a matter of history, that prior to that time, the southern people were loud and enthusiastic in their protestations of loyalty to the constitution and flag of the country. In the canvass of i860, Bell and Everett received in this county, 1,287 votes. Douglas, 1,226. Breckenridge, 614, and Linqoln, 452, of which number, received by Lincoln, 410 were cast in the city of St. Joseph. Each of these parties claimed, during the canvass, that it was the simon pure and only union and patriotic party. The old Whig party, gen- ally, voted for Bell and Everett, while a few of them voted for Brecken- ridge as the representative of the extension of slavery. The Irish voted for Douglas, and the German vote was divided between Douglas and Breckenridge, and, anomalous as it may seem, much the larger number of Germans in the Platte Purchase voted for the Breckenridge ticket, believing that he was the regular nominee of the Democratic party. At the election of delegates to the convention held in this Senatorial District, Governor Stewart, Governor Hall and Hon. Robert W. Donnell were elected by a large majority as union men over the other ticket, composed of Smith and Fallis, who were for disunion, on certain con- tingencies. The election of Mr. Lincoln embittered the feelings of many per- sons, otherwise loyal men, believing, as they claimed, that the election 328 HISTORY OF BUCHANAN COUNTY. of a sectional president by the votes of the Northern States meant the violent abolition of slavery and the speedy dissolution of the Union. The course of the New York Tribune, which was then regarded as an exponent of Northern sentiment, had prepared most of the slaveholders of this county to believe that the Northern Abolitionists desired a sep- aration of the slaveholding from the non-slaveholding states. There were 2,Oii slaves owned in Buchanan County, which repre- sented $1,500,000 in money. The dissolution of the Union meant des- truction to this interest, and the large free territory west and the vicinity of Iowa and Nebraska, caused much anxiety and nervous apprehension for the future, which culminated in county meetings in the spring of 1 861. At these meetings intemperate action and incendiary resolutions were proposed, but the advice of the older and leading citizens was for quiet acquiescense in whatever might be the result^of the approaching conflict outside of this state. In May, 1861, a portion of the citizens of St. Joseph, who had been organized into independent companies by M. Jeff. Thompson, of this city, and, under command of Captain I. C. C. Thornton, and who had par- ticipated in the sacking of Liberty Arsenal, had brought a part of the arms and ammunition there procured to this county, and some of the more inconsiderate and foolish ones had threatened to drive out the loyal men of St. Joseph, and especially those who had voted for Lincoln in i860. John L. Bittinger, a prominent free soil man, had been appointed postmaster of St. Joseph, and had hung out a huge flag over the post- office building when he took possession. Some of the Southern hot- spurs believed this flag was a taunt and defiance to Thornton's camp, and in May, 1861, a crowd collected on the site of the old postoffice building, situated on Second Street, next door to the St. Joseph Hos- pital Medical College, and the flag was taken down by General Thomp- son, to the great gratification of the mob, and disgust of the frifends of Bittinger. The business men generally kept religiously away, and did not participate in the transaction. Many claimed that Major Bittinger had purposely provoked the demonstration in order to have troops sent to St. Joseph, and declared they would shed the last drop of their blood to preserve the old flag from insult, but not a drop to keep Major Bittinger's flag over the postoffice. The result was the sending of troops here during the same month to protect the loyal men, and to preserve order, which had become necessary from the violent disputes and bitter altercations, constantly threatening to end in street fights and general pillage. The first troops quartered here were United States Dragoons, which arrived on the 20th of May, 1 86 1, and encamped in South St. Joseph, under command of Captain Sully, (afterwards a brigadier general in the Federal army) and Lieutenant Armstrong. Lieutenant Armstrong resigned some time HISTORY OF BUCHANAN COUNTY. 329 « later, and became a general officer in the Rebel service. This company of dragoons' broke up Thompson's and Thornton's camp, near the Patee House, after which Thompson and Thornton went into the lower coun- ties to raise troops, where many of the men composing the old company rejoined them, and served with more or less credit during the war as soldiers in different Confederate organizations. The next Federal troops sent to St. Joseph were the Second Iowa, under command of Colonel, afterward General, Custis. They came about the first of June, 1861, and remained until August. The Sixteenth Illinois, under command of Colonel Smith, arrived in St. Joseph in September, and remained until about the sixteenth of the same month, when it went down through the counties of Platte and Clay, to Blue Mills, where his regiment was engaged in the fight with the Rebels under Patton, Saunders, Boyd and others, and met with con- siderable loss. This regiment afterwards returned to St. Joseph and remained in camp with the Fifty-second Illinois, during the winter of 1861 and 1862, on Prospect Hill. The last of September, 1861, Major Cranor, of Gentry, occupied St. Joseph with a battalion of state militia, raised in the counties north of St. Joseph. These militiamen were a source of amusement to the citizens, as they were raw in military matters ; sans everything but courage — rough, ragged and ready. During the time which elapsed between the departure of the Second Iowa and the arrival of the Sixteenth Illinois, the Confederates, under Colonel Patton, Boyd and others, occupied tjie city for several days, and levied contributions from some of the citizens, and confiscated contra- band of war, which term was made to include everything a needy soldier desired. If he belonged to the rebel side, he could see contraband of war in nearly all the goods owned by the Union men. If, however, he was training under the stars and stripes, he could discover, as by instinct, that all desirable articles owned by southern sympathizers, were dan- gerous, as aids to the cause. In 1861, James Craig, of St. Joseph, was appointed a Brigadier Gen- eral by President Lincoln, and put in command of the Department of the Platte, on the plains among the Pawnee and Sioux Indians. He retained this position several months, when he resigned and returned home and was appointed a Brigadier General in the State Militia, by Governor Gamble, and was in command of this district in the winter of 1864 and 1865. In the spring of 1862, Benjamin F. Loan was appointed a Brigadier General by Governor Gamble, and placed in Command of Northwestern Missouri, with headquarters at St. Joseph. In the fall of that year he was put into active service, in an effort to run the "bushwhack- ers" from the central part of the state, and finally took command of the 330 HISTORY OF BUCHANAN COUNTY. Jefferson City district, where he remained until after his election to Con- gress, when he was relieved by General Brown. General Loan was succeeded in the fall of 1862, by General W. P. Hall, in command of this military district, which he retained until the meeting of the Legislature, when he took his seat as Lieutenant-Governor. In February, 1864, General Hall succeeded Governor Gamble, deceased as Governor of the State of Missouri. With a short interregnum, Gover- nor Hall was succeeded by Col. John F. Williams, of the Ninth Missouri State Guard. He was succeeded, in 1863, by Colonel Chester A. Hard- ing. About this time, the Eighty-first regiment of enrolled Missouri militia was organized, with Col. John Scott as commander, and although many surmises were indulged in as to the loyalty of its soldiers. Col. Scptt kept good order, and showed a clear record in his coaimand. During the most of the years 1862, 1863 and 1864, General John M. Bassett was Provost Marshal of this district, and perhaps filled a wider field of usefulness than any officer in arms. The jail and the mili- tary prisons were filled with Federal and Confederate delinquents, con- signed there upon any conceivable charge, from actual treason and mur- der, to the most trivial charges of malevolence and fanaticism. General Bassett, with a suavity and honesty to be envied, heard these cases daily and passed upon them with the stern eye of justice; always moistened with the tear of mercy. In the spring of 1864, General C. B. Fisk was placed in command of the United States forces in this county, and remained until he was suc- ceeded by Colonel Harding, late in the fall. In the winter of 1865, Colonel John Finger was in command, succeeding General Harding. Colonel Finger was of the Forty-fifth Missouri Volunteers, and continued in command until May, 1865, when he vacated this post and was placed in command of the Second District of Missouri. Buchanan County, in 1861, furnished most of the Twenty-fifth Mis- sori (Colonel Peabody's regiment), then Major Berry's Battalion of Cav- alry, Penick's Fifth Regiment Missouri State Guard, Hall's Fourth Regi- ment of Missouri State Guard, and Eleventh Missouri Cavalry. In 1865, the Second, Third and Fourth Regiments of Missouri militia, as state organizations, organized with W. R. Penick, Cyrus Messemer and Joseph Thompson, respectively, as Colonels. These troops did no service and were only organized as provisional regiments, to keep quietude in a country which was thought would be disturbed by the return of a large number of soldiers from both armies. This was a violent presumption, as the most orderly citizens were those who saw hard service in the army. The true soldier has given no offence to the laws since his return, whether his fealty was given to the blue or gray during the contest. In the fall of 1864, Colonel Chester Harding, afterward a Brigadier General, organized at St. Joseph the Forty-third Regiment of the United HISTORY OF BUCHANAN COUNTY. 33 1 States Volunteers, from Buchanan and the surrounding counties. During 1862, Colonel John Severance, afterward State Senator, and Mayor of St. Joseph, commanded the Forty-fourth Regiment of Missouri militia, and policed the county in the fall of 1862. In 1864, General R. C. Bradshaw, a native of Platte County, and an original Union man, organized, at St. Joseph, the Forty-fourth United States volunteers, many of whom were from this county. This regiment had a proud history. Wm. Drumhiller commanded company B, and F. G. Hopkins company C. This regiment left St. Joseph in September,. 1864, for Rolla; thence to Paducah, Kentucky; thence to Nashville, Tennessee. They were in the battles of Springfield and Franklin. At the latter place Colonel Bradshaw received severe wounds and was left on the field for dead, but is now an honored citizen of St. Joseph. Brad- shaw's regiment then accompanied the Twenty-third corps, and engaged in the battles of Columbia, Clifton and Spanish Fort, in Alabama, and were finally mustered out of service at St. Louis, on the 15th of August, 1865,, having traveled six thousand two hundred miles from St. Joseph, seven hundred and forty-seven on foot and the balance by rail and transport ; a greater number of miles perhaps, than any other regiment had traveled during; the war, and showing a striking parallel to the First regiment of Missouri volunteers, during the Mexican war, under Col. Doniphan. One company of the First Kansas was organized in St. Joseph, and commanded by Captain Chenowith, of the Free Democrat, of St. Joseph. One company of the First Nebraska was organized in St. Joseph, cojnmanded by (japtain Bonner. Prior to the call of 1864, this county had credited as United States volunteers, 1089 men, and those credited afterward must have been as many more. Colonel Tracy, of the Kansas service, took a part of his command from this county, and many left singly and joined different companies and regiments, which swelled the total number in the United States volunteer service to more than 2,000. Beside the militia organizations mustered into service from this county, there were equally as many more who went into the army, mak- ing fully four thousand soldiers who did duty for the old flag from Buchanan County. In July, 1864, the Eighty-seventh Missouri, enrolled militia regi- ment, was organized, with Harbine, Colonel. This regiment was put on duty under command of J. W. Strong, and rendered local service in this county during the years 1864 and 1865. In the spring of 1861, there were two companies of Missouri State Guards organized under the order of Governor C. F. Jackson, and went into camp in South St. Joseph. Colonel John C. C. Thornton, now of Montana, commanded one, and M. Jeff. Thompson the other. The appear- ance of United States troops here in May scattered these organizations, 332 HISTORY OF BUCHANAN COUNTY. as heretofore stated, and the Mississippi rifles and ammunition which had been procured by Thornton's company in the raid on the Liberty arsenal, in April, i86i,and which. were secreted in cellars between Third and Fourth Streets, in St. Joseph, were removed by Captain John F. Landis, in July, 1861, in wagons driven through the Federal camp next day by a trusty contraband, (now a citizen of St. Joseph,) and carried to the outskirts of the city, where Captain Landis' company met and guarded them to Price's army, encamped upon the battle field of Wil- son's Creek. Landis afterwards participated in the hard-fought battles of Corinth, Che^mpion Hills.and Vicksburg, where he surrendered. Being exchanged, Captain Landis commanded a battery until the end of the war, and sur- rendered with the Army of the Gulf, thus earning a record of which his posterity may be proud. He is now an active and honored business man of St. Joseph. Prior to the war, A. W. Slayback was a lawyer in St. Joseph, and after the battle of Lexington was elected colonel of a Missouri cavalry regiment, and being transferred to a department of the Confederate army, served until the surrender of Kirby Smith, and then, we think, accompanied Shelby to Mexico. He is now an honored citizen of St. Louis. In the summer of 1861, Elijah Gates, (since State Treasurer), organ- ized a company of Confederates at Rock House, in this county, and joined Governor Jackson. This company did memorable service in the battles of Lexington and Elkhorn, and were finally transferred east^ of the Mississippi, and were the heroes of the fight at Corinth, where our gal- lant Assessor, John S. Tutt, lost a leg. Gates was promoted to the position of Brigadier General, and served during the war, losing an arm, retiring after the last gun was fired, with the reputation of Ney, "the bravest of the brave." John R. Boyd, an attorney of St. Joseph, was at Blue Mills and Lex- ington, and was killed at Independence in the summer of 1863, leading a forlorn hope in an attack upon Colonel Buell's camp. At the same time Colonel John T. Hughes was killed. Colonel Gideon Thompson, of Platte, was badly wounded. A regiment, to join Price at Lexington, was organized from the Counties of Buchanan, Nodaway, Atchison and Andrew in August, 1861, of which Saunders was Colonel, J. H. R. Cundiff Lieutenant-Colonel, and John C. C. Thornton Major. These troops were placed under the com- mand of Colonel Green at Lexington, and were the special heroes of that fight. Colonel Green, in his report of the battle, attributed the success of the assault upon the Union breastworks to the devices of Major Thorn- ton's men of this regiment, in moving a bale of hemp in front of each man, as he cautiously ascended the hill to attack the entrenchments. HISTORY OF BUCHANAN COUNTY. 333 The bullets did not penetrate the hemp bales and the cannon balls only bounced them from the ground, the bales falling back in the same position. Sidney Cunningham, another St. Joseph boy, joined John Morgan and accompanied him through his entire career, and escaped capture by swimming the Ohio River, and now edits a newspaper in Tennessee. George Baxter another attorney of St. Joseph, went to Virginia and joined Stonewall Jackson ; was at Bull's Run, in the Blackhorse Cavalry, and was finally killed in one of the fights in the valley. Broaddus Thompson's oldest son was with Price, and afterwards a captain in the Mississippi Department, serving until the end of the war, and is now an Episcopalian minister in Virginia. John Kemper, son of our esteemed fellow citizen, Simeon Kemper, was a captain in the Confederate service, and was killed by wounds received in battle. Reuben Kay, son of James Kay, was in the Confederate service, in command of a company, during almost the entire war, and his narrow escapes would form a chapter of singular interest. Since the war ended, the soldiers of the two armies affiliate with true respect and regard, as brave men always respect valor in others. From sixteen hundred to two thousand men went into the Confed- erate army from Buchanan County. 21 CHAPTER XX. COURT HOUSE. SECOND COURT H0U3E-NEW COURT HOUSE-CEREMONIES AT LAYING CORNER-STONE- ADDRESS OF COLONEL JOHN DONIPHAN. In the spring of 1846, tfie contract for building.a brick Court House was let for $6,000. The job was undertaken and completed by L. S. Stigers and W. J. Taylor, architects and builders. This, a two-story building, was in extent, including portico, fifty by seventy-four feet, and contained nine rooms. Insignificant as such a structure now would appear in the city, in which it formerly stood, in that early day, it was, from its elevated position, a prominent land-mark in the landscape, as well as an architectural feature, of which the young city was in no small degree proud. The site of this building was that of the present Court House, though the prominent elevation which it occu- pied was, on its destruction in the spring of 1873, reduced some thirty- five feet, to nearly the level of Jule street, on which it fronted, as does the present spacious and elegant structure to which it has given place. The old Court House on the hill served the purposes for which it was designed till October, 1871, a period of a quarter of a century from its completion, when the building being deemed unsafe, the courts and appendant offices moved out, to occupy till the erection of a new and suitable building, rooms on Fifth Street, near Felix, formerly used as a parsonage, and ante -rooms, of what had been the Roman Catholic Church of St. Joseph. They all continued to occupy these premises till the summer of 1873, when the Circuit Court, Circuit Clerk's and Sheriff's offices were moved to Brady's Hall, on Felix Street, near the corner of Fourth. It may not be improper to add that the site of that dilapidated, abandoned, old church and parsonage is now covered by some of the most substantial and elegant business blocks in' the city. On the removal of the old building, the work of cutting down the hill upon which it had stood for twenty-five years, rapidly progressed, and on the 25th of August, 1873, the corner-stone of the present stately edifice was laid with appropriate ceremonies. This, the largest court house, as well as one of the finest appearing public buildings, in the state, was not completed till August, 1876. It was, however, in part occupied by the courts as early as the month of January of the same year, while the unfinished work continued to be pushed to completion. The entire cost of the structure was one hundred and seventy-three thousand dollars. HISTORY OF BUCHANAN COUNTY. 335, P. F. Meagher was the architect, and John DeClue, of St. Joseph, the builder. The style of the building is less ornate than massive. The Corin- thian porticoes of the three fronts, however, are admirably proportioned, and the graceful stone columns crowned with elaborate capitals, contrast finely with the otherwise plain and massive character of the building. These columns, of which there are four to each portico, cost one thousand two hundred dollars each. The plan of the building is a Greek or equi-brachial cross. It has a frontage of 235 feet on Jule Street, with a depth of 205 feet ; it also fronts 235 feet on Fourth, and 235 feet on Fifth Streets. The roof is of slate and tin, and the guttering of copper. The basement story, which is twelve feet high in the clear, and extends under»the entire building, is of rubble masonry faced with ashlar ; the superstructure is of brick trimmed with cut stone. The first story, in which most of the public offices are located, is eighteen feet high in the clear ; and the second story, in which is the Circuit Court room, twenty-five feet. In point of convenience, as regards light, ventilation, and arrangement of rooms, it is unexcelled in any building. From the first floor to the lantern of the dome the height is one hundred and forty-five feet. The only apparent defect in the internal design of the building is in the arrangement of the double stairway, which is so constructed as to conceal, from the first floor, the view of the dome. The stair-ways in the building are broad, and the means of egress in case of sudden emergency, ample, each of the cardinal points pre- senting large double doors. Water closets on the two principal floors, and all the appliances of modern convenience proper to first-class pub- lic buildings, are found here. There are forty-six spacious rooms on the two principal floors besides a corresponding number in the unfinished basement' story. The dome, which surmounts the centre of the structure, is in classic harmony with the general appearance of the building, and renders the elevation a prominent land mark in the plain of the surrounding country. Near the northeast corner of the Court House, and fronting on Fifth Street, is the substantial and not inelegant structure of the County Jail, completed in i860. It is coveniently arranged, located on a high and healthful spot of ground, and well adapted to the purposes for which it was erected. LAYING THE CORNER STONE OF THE COURT HOUSE. The ceremony of laying the corner stone of this magnificent struc- ture, was one of the most imposing ever witnessed in the West. The occasion was one of such peculiar interest to the people of St. Joseph, 336 HISTORY OF BUCHANAN COUNTY. that we cannot well refrain from giving some of the details of that event in this connection. As before stated, the ceremony took place in the afternoon of August 20, 1873. The St. Joseph Gazette, speaking of that event, says; "At 2 o'clock, the procession was formed on Fourth Street, with the right resting on Edmond, under the management of Capt. John A. Dol- man, Chief Marshal. It was headed by Rosenblatt's brass band, whose excellent music pleased the ear of the thousands who were then thronging the sidewalks. After this came the Knights of Pythias, including both Lomia and St. Joseph lodges, their brilliant uniforms glittering in the sunlight. The turn out of this order was unusually large, and Capt. B. F. Buzard acted as marshal, assisted by J. B. Hinman. After the Knights of Pythias, came the St. Joseph Fire Department, the " Young America's," leading the van. The Rescue Hook and Ladder Company came next ; then the Blue Bird, then the Blacksnake, and finally the new company. All were in their best regalia, and in charge of Augustus Saltzman, Chief Engineer. Humboldt Lodge, I. O. O. F., came next, and was followed by car- riages containing the officers of the Supreme, Circuit and County Courts, the county officers, the City Council and members of the press. After this came the officers of the Grand Lodge, A. F. and A. M. of the State of Missouri, Joseph S. Browne, Esq., acting as Worshipful Grand Master. The streets were lined with thousands as the procession passed, and every one seemed to teel the deepest interest in the occasion. Even the bluffs adjoining the ground were lined with men, women and children, anxious to observe the commemoration of an event so important in the history of St. Joseph. On reaching the grounds, the procession had swelled to an immense concourse of eager, expectant people. In the dense crowd, however, there was not the slightest disturbance, and everything passed off quietly and pleasantly. The ceremonies were begun by W. G. M., Joseph S. Browne, who, in a few well timed remarks, alluded to the pres- ence of members of various orders, and bid them welcome to witness the inauguration of an enterprise in which every citizen of St-. Joseph was interested. At the conclusion of his remarks, a brief and impressive prayer was offered by Rev. John G. Fackler, acting Grand Chaplain, and then the work of depositing the various articles contributed com- menced. The following is a list of the most important articles : Constitution and by-laws of the following grand bodies of tne State of Missouri : Grand Commandry of Knights Templar, Grand Council of Royal and Select Masters, Grand Royal Arch Chapter, Grand Lodge I. O. O. F., Grand Lodge Knights of Pythias. HISTORY OF BUCHANAN COUNTY. 337 Also by-laws and regulations of the following secret societies : St. Joseph No. 22 and Lomia Lodge, Knights of Pythias ; Humboldt Lodge No. 130, and Eclipse No. 133, I. O. O. F. ; Zeredatha No. 189, and St. Joseph No. 78, A. F. and A. M. ; St. Joseph Royal Arch Chapter No. 14 ; Hugh de Payen's Commandery No. 4, K. T. Late copies of the Daily^ and Weekly Gazette, Daily and Weekly Herald, Daily and Weekly Volksblatt, Daily and Weekly Commercial, Weekly Standard, a copy of the Missouri Gazette, Vol. I, No. 3, July 6, 1808, published at St. Louis ; architect's design of the couft house, the names of the officers of the Circuit Court, premium list of the St. Joseph Industrial Exposition, a copy of St. Joseph's trade and manufacturers list, a copy of the lithograph showing St. Joseph, the bridge, and railroal connections. COINS. Among the curiosities we may mention the following : A German coin, 1738. Ring; by A. S. Battles. A silvei quarter, 1857, presented by Joseph S Browne. A silvei dollar. Cards of different business houses. Currency of the times. Numerous silver dollars, photographs, and a great many other nov- elties, which we cannot enumerate. After this had been concluded, the principal architect presented the working tools to the Grand Master, who distributed them as follows : The square to the Deputy Grand Master ; the level to the Sr. Grand Warden, and the plumb to the Jr. Grand Warden. The usual questions in reference to the practical application of these instruments to archi- tecture were properly answered, when the Grand Master said : This corner-stone has been tested by the proper instruments of ■Masonry. I find that the craftsmen have skillfully and faithfully per- formed their duty, and I do declare the stone to be well formed, true and trusty, and correctly laid according to the rules of our ancient craft. Let the elements of consecration now be presented. Then came the old emblems of corn, wine and oil. The Deputy Grand Master advanced with his vessel of corn, scattering it on the stone and saying : I scatter this corn as an emblem of plenty. May the blessings of bounteous heaven be showered upon us, and upon all like patriotic and benevolent undertakings, and inspire the hearts of the people with virtue, wisdom and gratitude. Then came the Sr. Grand Warden with his vessel of wine, pouring it upon the stone and saying : 338 HISTORY OF BUCHANAN COUNTY. I pour this wine as an emblem of joy and gladness. May the great Ruler of the universe bless and prosper our National, State and City Governments ; preserve the Union of the States, and may it be a bond of friendship and brotherly love that shall endure through all time. Then came the Jr. Grand Warden with his vessel of oil, pouring it on the stone and saying : I pour this oil as an emblem of peace. May its blessings abide upon us continually, and may the Grand Master of heaven and earth, shelter and protect the widow and orphans ; shield and protect them from the trials and vicissitudes of the world, and so bestow His mercy upon the be- reaved, the afflicted and the sorrowing, that they may know sorrowing and trouble no more. And then came the final invocation of the Grand Master : May the all-bounteous Author of Nature bless the people of this place with an abundance of the necessaries of life ; assist in the erection and completion of this building ; protect the workmen against every ac- cident ; long preserve the structure from decay, and grant to us all a supply of the corn of nourishment, the wine of refreshment and the oil ■of joy. Amen. After delivering to the architect the working implements, the cere- monies were concluded by the Grand Master, as follows : Men and brethren here assembled, be it known unto you that we be lawful Masons, true and faithful to the laws of our country, and engaged by solemn obligations to erect magnificent buildings, to be serviceable to the brethren, and to fear God, the great architect of the universe. We have among us, concealed from the eyes of all men, secrets which cannot be divulged, and which have never been found out ; but these secrets are lawful and honorable, and not repugnant to the laws of God or man. They were entrusted in peace and honor to the Free Masons of ancient times, and having been faithfully transmitted to us, it is our duty to convey them, unimpaired, to the latest posterity. Unless our craft were good, and our calling honorable, we should not have lasted for so many centuries, nor should we have been honored with the patronage of :so many illustrious men of all ages, who have ever shown themselves ready to promote our interests and defend us from all adversaries. We are assembled here to-day in the face of you all to build a house, which we pray God may deserve to prosper, by becoming a place of con- course for good men, and promoting harmony and brotherly love throughout the world, till time shall be no more. The following were the officers of the Grand Lodge participating in the ceremonies on that occasion: John A. Dolman, Grand Marshal; Henry C. Fox, Grand Tyler ; N. W. Sherman and Robert Hutton, Grand Stewards ; P. M. H. N. Montague, carrying the great lights, supported by W. G. Elliott and J. W. O'Neill, as Grand Stewards; A. B. Frazer, Grand Secretary ; Hugh Trevor, Grand Treasurer ; Daniel O'Toole, Grand Junior Warden ; J. A. Raynor, Grand Senior Warden ; Rt. Wor- HISTORY OF BUCHANAN COUNTY. 339 shipful D. G. M., Samuel Russell ; George Buell, Past Master, carrying book of constitutions ; Solomon Broyles, Grand Pursuivant ; Rev. John G. Fackler, Grand Chaplain ; Most Worshipful Grand Master, Joseph S. Browne, supported by N. H. Wilmott and C. A. Cunningham, as Grand Deacons ; Grand Sword Bearer, C. M. Kingsbury. One of the most interesting features of the occasion was the address of Colonel John Doniphan, which we here give because of the references therein made to the early history and settlement of Louisiana, Missouri, the Platte Purchase and Buchanan County : Ladies and Gentlemen : We welcome you, on this day, so auspic- ious for the future of our county and city. The majestic proportions and symmetrical design of the temple of justice we are met to inaugurate, demonstrate that our honorable County Court, as well as the public sen- timent of our people, are in earnest accord with the progress of the age and the advance of our enlightened civilization. Standing in a city of thirty thousand inhabitants, just thirty years since the first sale of lots in St. Joseph, centrally located between the great lakes and the Gulf of Mexico ; in the midst of the great Mississippi Valley ; midway between the Alleghenies and the Rockies, and upon the fortieth degree of north latitude, along which the great problems of civilization have been solved, we may properly indulge in retrospect and prophecy. A century since, the vast area, from the Blue Ridge to the Pacific, had scarcely been marked by the foot of the white man. The painted savage and the shaggy bison were the lords of the soil, now teeming with millions of prosperous, happy, and progressive citizens, bearing the scales of justice and the cross of Christianity. The result of the war of the revolution was the independence of the confederated states of America, extending from the Atlantic west to the Mississippi River. By treaty, made by Mr. Jefferson, in 1803, with the great Napoleon, then First Consul, France ceded us Louisiana, extend- ing westwardly to the Sabine River and northwardly to the Arkansas and its sources, to the forty-second parallel, then west to the Pacific Pcean, and north with its shores to Vancouver, including the states of Louisiana, Arkansas, Missouri, Iowa, Minnesota, Kansas, Nebraska and Oregon, besides the vast territories of Dakota, Wyoming, Montana, Idaho and Washington. By the annexation of Texas, in 1845, that large and magnificent state with her 237,000 square miles, was added to our -ejctended possessions, and in the war of 1846, New Mexico, Colorado, Utah and California were conquered from our sister Republic of Mexico. While the extension of our territory has been so grand and vast, the increase of our population has been more marvelous still. Three mil- lions in 1774, it is now over forty. We were then a few feeble colonies, struggling for recognition ; we are now a mighty empire, able to combat any other nation ; our navies are known and respected in all the ports of. the world, invulnerable to human missiles and bowing alone to the behests of the almighty ruler of the universe ; capable of raising an army •of volunteers in thirty days, thrice as large as the contending hosts ■which settled the fate of Europe in the battle of Sedan, and yet they are not the supports and shadows of a throne, but the pillars of democracy ; not a standing army, but the citizen soldiery of a republic. 340 HISTORY OF BUCHANAN COUNTY. The increase of wealth, population and power have been exceeded in the departments of science and economy; the adaptation of steam to the industries of life has increased the producing power more than twenty to one. Education is as free as the flag which so proudly waves its azure set stars and broad stripes of universal freedom over us to-day. But the great revolution of mind and thought which has evolved out of the past century ; the birth of religious freedom in faith and worship, is the grand climacteric of which statesmen and philosophers, savans and bishops ought to be proud. The freedom of conscience and worship places America on a higher plane of civilization than any nation that has ever existed in the records ' of history. In all the conquests of the century, the laws have kept pace and added much to the success of our civilization. A democratic or republican government is one founded upon a stated constitution and settled laws, as distinguished from an absolute government, where the will of the ruler constitutes the canons of the law, or even where written constitutions are interpreted to suit the will of the monarch. In our government, the laws emanate from the people in their sov- ereign capacity, and are generally executed and interpreted by wise and good men, and so long as the laws are made by good people as sover- eigns, and administered by pure, just and prudent men, the future is assured. The ancient Grecians raised temples in honor of Themis, the Goddess of Justice, and adorned her as the source of law and the embod- iment of truth. We propose erecting here a temple, where the scales of justice vi'll ever be evenly held, and where the oracles of truth will be guarded with vestal fidelity. We want the law as a science and study, to be in the future as the past — in the front ranks of the learned professions, and her practitioners the acknowledged leaders of liberal views and sound mor- ality, and bringing to the administration of equity a code of ethics and morals beautiful and grand in its comprehensive whole, vast yet sj^*- metrical in its ramified details, adorned by the genius and polished' by the wisdom of twenty centuries. This building, to be constructed^ by our honorable County Court, promises to be such a temple and such a shrine, standing in the future as a monument to their wisdom and enter- prise, and esteemed by all as worthy of the growing city it will adorn, and may it long stand as a bright landmark in the pathway of progress, and when the hands which reared it are mouldered into dust, and the tongues which to-day shout its triumphs are silent in the grave, may it still be known as an altar where justice is tempered with mercy and where passion shall never blind judgment or the scales be made to bal- ance by the alloy of gold, but where the fountain and stream shall alike ever be pure. When Missouri was admitted into the Union in 1820, the six counties of Platte, Buchanan, Andrew, Holt, Atchison, and Nodaway, and 'known then as the Platte country, were a part of the territory, until added to the State by an act of Congress passed in 1837. It was occupied by. the Pottawattamie Indians, and what is now known as Agency, in this county, was the issue house for their annuities. By treaty with the Indians in ■ 1837, this country was ceded to the State of Missouri, and many moved into it, that summer, in anticipation of the early passage of the pre- emption act. As soon as the passage of the act of Congress was brought HISTORY OF BUCHANAN COUNTY. 34 1 west by the slow process of that day, many flocked from the border counties in Missouri, and from Kentucky, Virginia and Tennessee, and other states to this new land of promise, the Pottawattamies were removed to Council Bluffs and to the Kansas River, near the present City of Lecompton, and the tide of immigration entered this rich region. Several of those old pioneers are with us yet. Amongst the first to cast their tents here were Captain James B. O'Toole, Judge Tom Brown, Edwin Toole, William Fowler, Dr. McDonald and many others. Grounds, were plowed and crops tended in 1838, and by fall the county was pretty well dotted over with pre-emption claims and patches of broken prairie. That fall the Legislature established Platte into a county, and attached the district of Buchanan to Clinton County for voting purposes, and established County and Circuit Courts, which were held at Robidoux's store, and in accordance with that act the first court was held in the old log house, occupied as a store room by Joseph Robidoux, standing on the present site of the Occidental Hotel, in the present limits of St. Joseph. The first court was held here on the iSth day of July, 1839,'by Hon. Austin A. King, afterwards Governor of the state ; P. H. Burnett, Circuit Attorney, since Governor of California, and now an eminent banker in San Francisco. The first Clerk was our old and respected friend, Edwin Toole, (may his shadow never grow less.) The only resi- dent attorney was General Andrew Hughes, who kept his office and library (which last consisted of the Missouri Statutes of 1835 and Pirtle's Digest) in the back room -of Robidoux' store. Of all the settlers of Buchanan County, none are more worthy of remembrance than General Hughes. With a polished manner, liberal education and bright talent, he combined caustic wit and a heart gentle as a woman. His fame will live with a bright radiance in the memories of all that ever heard him at the forum. The attorneys at that court, were Wm. T. Wood, who is now an hon- ored citizen of Lafayette County ; General A. W. Doniphan, whose achievements with the Missouri troops, during the Mexican War, read like the weird stories of Arabic fiction, and who still resides in Ray County, Missouri; General Wm. B. Almond, afterwards Judge of the District Court, in California in 1849, ^^^ Judge of this Circuit in 1851. Almond was a man of prolific genius and untiring energy. Launched into the battle of life as a poor boy, in Virginia, he soon found himself, with the American Fur Company, at the mouth of the Yellowstone, and was back in a few years to settle the Platte Purchase. He left for the Pacific Coast on the first news of the gold discovery, and returned two or three times, and finally passed to the shadowy land in trying to civilize the border ruf- fians of Kansas. Besides these, there were at the first court, Amos Rees, now of Leavenworth ; John Wilson, of Platte County, and Theo- dore Wheaton, of New Mexico, all now full of years, and honored as worthy representatives of their day, and to whom much is due for shap- ing and controlling the turbulent elements in which all new countries abound . , The first sheriff was S. M. Gilmore. The first suit was Andrew S. Hughes vs. Ishmael Davis, for debt. The first indictment w^s against Theophilus Magruder, for the crime of " betting at a game of chance," with a pack of playing cards, for which, after several continuances, he was, in July, '1840, fined one dollar and costs. Such amusements have 342 HISTORY OF BUCHANAN COUNTY. increased since that period, as other amusements and luxuries of Ufe. The first grand jury were : Reuben R. Reynolds, John Henry, Wm. Bled- soe, Elijah Martin, Abel Evans, George S. Nelson, Ezekiel W. Smith, Job McNemara, Daniel Terrel, Hugh Copeland, Hiram Rogers, Jesse R. Barnnett, Ezra Rose, Lloyd Beall, Hugh Glenn, John Martin and James Curl. The second court was held at Robidoux' store, on November i8, 1839, and the roll of attorneys was increased by the admission of Wm. » M. Paxton (now a prominent lawyer of Platte County), S. L. Leonard, afterwards a judge of this circuit, and John Platte, whose history! am unable to give. The first declaration of citizenship was made at this term by Godfrey Rental, and the first divorce petition considered was the case of Mary Johns vs. Benjamin Johns. The third term of the Cir- cuit Court was held at St. Joseph, on the i6th March, 1840. The fist term of the County Court was held at the house of Richard Hill, on the first day of April, 1839. Present, William Harrington and Samuel Johnson, County Court justices. The first order appointed William Fowler, County Clerk ; the sec- ond order appointed Samuel Johnson, President of said court ; the third granted a license to Edward Dodge, for six months, to vend groceries at any point in the county. The following townships were established and bounded by an order •of the court : Platte, Marion, Lewis, Jefferson, Bloomington, Crawford and Noble. At the same term, Wm. W. Reynolds was appointed County Assessor. * On the 2nd day of April, 1839, it was ordered by the County Court that the Circuit and County Courts of Buchanan County should thereafter be "held at the house of Joseph Robidoux, at the Snake Hills, until oth- erwise ordered." The second term of the County Court was held at the house of Joseph Robidoux, on the 6th day of May, 1839. At this term a license was granted to Julius C. Robidoux to keep a ferry at Robidoux' landing, on the Missouri River. At the September term, 1839, Wm. Curl was added as a county jus- tice. At the April term, 1840, P. P. Fulkerson, Armstrong McClintock and Leonard Brassfield, commissioners appointed by an act approved December 31, 1838, were required to select a permanent county seat. The commissioners appointed by the Legislature having selected a quar- ter section of United States land at Sparta, for county purposes, the seat of justice was removed there by an order of the County Court, and the first term of the Circuit Court convened at Richard Hill's cabin (near a big spring) about seven miles south of here, on the 20th day of July, 1840, with Hon. David R. Atchison as Judge, P. H. Burnett, Circuit Attorney, where the court remained until 1846, when it was removed to St. Joseph. About this time (1839), and within a year or two, there settled in St. Joseph many of those merchants whose genius and prudence have made her the second city in the state. Among these were Powell & Levy, Smith & Donnell, ,Jolin Curd, the Tootles, Joseph Hull, John Corby and Saxton and others that I have not been able to get, in connection with the other facts, in the two days time I have had to look them up. Within a short time after the removal of the county seat to Sparta, there came to this county a number of young lawyers, who, like the fabled Argonauts, were destined to arise to eminence in the profession HISTORY OF BUCHANAN COUNTY. 343 and honored position in the history of the state. They were General B. F. Loan, Governor R. M. Stewart, General James B. Gardenhire, Governor Willard P. Hall, Judge Henry M. Vories and General J. M. Bassett. Most of them lived a longer or shorter time at old Sparta, where, after three years of effort, a log court house, costing three hundred dollars, was built. Its present site is as deserted as the prophetic state of Tyre is repre- sented to be, and, like its compeers of Bonntown and Jimtown, it has yielded to the inevitable. Judge Atchison retired from the bench in March, 1844, to fill worth- ily a seat in the United States Senate, where he was President of the Senate, and by virtue of that office, on General Taylor's death, he was Vice President two years. Judge Atchison was succeeded in March, 1844, by Judge Henson Young, an able and just man, who gave place in September, 184S, to Solomon L. Leonard, a hard student, an able man and incorruptible judge. In November, 1850, W. B. Almond succeeded Judge Leonard by an election. In 185 1, E. H. Norton, afterwards a rep- resentative in Congress from this district, was elected and held the posi- tion until 1859, when Silas Woodson, our present brilliant Governor, was elected, who was succeeded by Colonel William Herren, in January, 1864, now an honored citizen of Andrew County, and in 1868, I. C. Par- ker, our present Congressman, was elected and resigned in 1870, and was succeeded by Judge Bennett Pike, a worthy attorney of this city, who honored the ermine until last November, when our present esteemed officer, Joseph P. Grubb, was elected. * * * * « ' * . *■ * * I regret that time forbids me to throw incense over the names ot Scott, Wilson, Jones, Bela Hughes, Lawrence Archer, Tom Thoroughman, Alexander Davis, Alexander Terrell, George Baxter, John Boyd, W. A. Cunningham, Colonel Davis, Sidney Tennant, L. M. Lawson and others, who are either in the shadowy land, or else far removed from the scenes of their youthful defeats and triumphs. * * * * * * * * * We are honored to-day by the presence of the members of the highest tribunal in the state, in the persons of Judges Wagner, Adams, Sherwood, Napton and Vories ; men who have won their present high positions by long years of toil at the bar ; men alike honored by the profession and an honor to it. * « ■;:- * -::- * * * * To our present County Court, consisting of Judges Smith, Taylor, Fitzgerald, Sutherland and Wade, we are indebted for the elegant , quarters to be soon furnished to our courts and officers of justice, let their names be remembered as deserving well of their country. * -;c- ■» * * * * * * From the progress we have made in thirty-five years, and the evi- dences of permanency around us, with such an active and enterprising population, we may be permitted to anticipate a magnificent future for our county and city. This building will doubtless stand to serve as a seat of justice for a quarter of a million of population ; churches, colleges and palaces, will be scattered over miles of the adjacent country, our court house and iron bridge still standing as monuments of the giant energy of the men of 1873. CHAPTER XXL CHURCHES IN RURAL DISTRICTS. " ^ou raised these hallowed walls; the desert smiled, And Paradise was opened in the wild." The first settlement of the county and the organization of the first churches, were almost contemporaneous. The plow had scarcely begun to turn the sod, when the pioneer preachers commenced to labor in the new field. In the Western country, as well as in the Orient and the isles of the sea, marched the representatives of the Christian religion in the front ranks of civilization. Throughout the centuries which compose this era, have the Christian missionaries been taught and trained tO' accompany the first advance of civilization, and such was their advent here. In the rude cabins and huts of the pioneers they proclaimed the same gospel that is preached in- the gorgeous palaces, that, under the name of churches, decorate the great cities. It was the same gospel, but the surroundings made it appear differ- ent, in the effect it produced at least. The Christian religion had its rise, and the days of its purest prac- tice, among an humble, simple-minded people, and it is among similar surroundings in modern times that it seems to approach the purity of its source. This is best shown in the days of pioneer life. It is true, indeed, that in succeeding times the church attains greater wealth and practices a wider benevolence. Further it may be admitted that it gains a firmer discipline, and wields a more general influence on society, but it remains true that in pioneer times, we find a manifestation of Chris- tianity that we seek in vain at a later time and under contrasted circum- stances. The meek and lowly spirit of the Christian faith — the placing of spiritual things above vain pomp and show — appear more earnest amid the simple life and toil of a pioneer people than it can when sur-» rounded with the splendors of wealth and fashion. But we may take a comparison less wide, and instead of contrasting the Christian appear- ances of a great city with that of the pioneers, we may compare that of forty years ago, here in the West, with that in the present time of mod- erately developed wealth and taste for display, and we find much of the same result. The comparison is perhaps superficial to some extent, and does not . fully weigh the elements involved, nor analyze them properly. We sim- HISTORY OF BUCHANAN COUNTY. 345 ply take the broad fact not to decry the present, but to illustrate the past. So that looking back to the early religious meetings in the log cabins, we may say, " Here was a faith, earnest and simple, like that of the early Christians." It is not our purpose at this place to give a full. account of the organ- ization of all the churches of the county. Such matters of detail will be given in connection with the history of the towns. At this place it is our purpose to speak of the churches in general and more particularly the pioneer churches of the county. , One of the first sermons delivered within the limits of Buchanan County was by Bishop Marvin, in what is now known as Agency town- ship. This was in a log cabin called "Woods school house." Bishop Marvin spent the early years of his ministry in Northwest Missouri, and labored in Clay, Platte and Buchanan Counties. In a letter, dated "St. Louis, September 3rd, 1874, and written to the President of the "Old Settlers" meeting, held in St. Joseph, during the same month, (given in full in our chapter on "Old Settlers' Reunions") he says : "In 1842,1 passed the present site of St. Joseph, on my way to a field of labor quite on the frontier ; it embraced all the country west of Nodaway River. You will remember, at that time, there was no St. Joseph. I shall never forget the uncalculating. unbounded hospitality of the "old settlers." Many of them were in their first rude cabins, but those cabins had the rarest capacity for entertaining both friend and stranger of any houses of their size I ever saw. I often saw them crowded, but to the best of my recollection I never saw one of them full ; there was always room for a fresh comer. I recollect once, in the Platte Purchase,* I was wedging myself into a bed occupied by five children, when one of them awaked sufficiently to exclaim, " mamma, he's a scrougin' me ! " Bishop Marvin's circuit was established in Northwestern Missouri, at quite an early day, when the larger portion of it was just beginning to be settled. The circuit was a. large one, but the Bishop, being a young man and full of zeal, succeeded in making the round of his cir- cuit as often as it could possibly be done. Bishop Marvin was a self- made mati, in the true meaning of that term, and by his own unaided efforts arose from one of the humblest positions in life to the most exalted place within the gift of a powerful religious denomination. He had no advantages in early life, except the example of an honest, industrious father, and the influence and precepts of a pious and most exemplary mother. In those early days, there were but few schools in Missouri (Warren County), and young Marvin's only instruction in the rudiments of an education was received from his mother, who taught her own children and those of her neighbors, in a cabin erected for that purpose in the yard that surrounded their dwelling. *Said to have been in Buchanan County. 346 HISTORY OF BUCHANAN COUNTY. During his pastorate, in one of the St. Louis churches, he delivered his famous lectures on Catholicism, which have ever since been accepted as a standard defence of the Protestant faith. In 1876, he sailed as one of the missionaries of his church to visit the missions in foreign fields. During this trip he visited many of the countries of the old world. While on his death bed, 1877, he finished the last pages of his last and most important work, entitled "To the East by Way of the West," giving an account of his voyage around the world, and describing the field of labor in heathen lands. This book was his masterpiece, and gave him high rank among the most famous descriptive writers. Another pioneer minister was W. G. Caples, who also went through the " Platte Purchase " bearing the message of the Gospel of Peace. Mr. Caples was at one time cennected with the M. E. Church South at St. Joseph. He was an earnest, eloquent preacher, and did much for Chris- tianity in Northwestern Missouri. In speaking of Mr. Caples, Bishop Marvin says : " There was a man, a minister of Christ, a large portion of whose public career belo ngs to the ' Platte Purchase,' of whom I must say, he was in some respects the most remarkable man I ever saw. I refer to W. G. Caples. He was another 'Agamemnon, king of men.' He was a first-class wit — a man of the finest social feeling, having positive ideas and a great end to accomplish. He did much for Northwest Mis- souri in establishing schools under Christian auspices. Now I proceed to say, that the old citizens of Platte have heard as great preaching as any other people on the American continent, and from the lips of the man Caples. I have heard more scholarly men, men whose sermons evinced higher cultivation and a better classical finish, but for power of argumentation, for philosophical breadth and sweep, for grandeur of conceptions, for greatness of imagination, for force and pungency of popular appeal, my conviction is, his superior has not appeared in the American pulpit." Wm. W. Redman was a Presiding Elder in 1840, and preached the Gospel through the Platte country. Thomas Chandler came in 1844, and was also a Presiding Elder. He remained one year, and returned to his native state — Ohio. "Mount Moria" was one among the first church edifices constructed in the county. It was a rude log house, and was located near Frazer. The organization is still in a flourishing condition. Among the early expounders of the Word at this church was George W. Rich, John C. Davis, John Stone and John Ellis. Thomas B. Ruble came in 1840, and after remaining a few years, went as a missionary to the Cherokee Nation, where he died. In the early history of Buchanan County, religipus services were held in log cabins and in the shady grove. It was often the case, when cabin services were held, that a portion of the congregation \yould be in HISTORY OF BUCHANAN COUNTY. 347 the house, while the balance of the audience would be seated outside on rough benches and stools. The speaker took his stand in the door, so that he could be seen and heard by all in attendance. At one of these meetings, while the preacher was rnaking the opening prayer on his knees in the door, a pet sheep belonging to the family and which was in the habit of going in and out of the cabin at pleasure, attempted to go in. When he reached the door and saw the movement of the minis- ter's hands, he took it as a challenge, and as the sequel shows, was not slow in accepting the banter. A slight backward movement on the part of the assailant, with a perceptible adjustment of the head and neck^ was immediately followed by a furious blow from the only weapon known in sheep warfare. Of course there was much more confusion than blood. The prayer was concluded without any amen. His majesty, the sheep, was hastily dragged to the rear of the building, while the minister with his, at least, seeming gravity, and without the slightest allusion to the disturbance, proceeded to dispense to his hearers the bread of life. Next after the Methodists, and sometimes even before them, may always be found the Baptists in all pioneer and mission work. From our best information, the Baptists held religious services in the county about the same time, and contemporaneous with the Methodists. One of the first houses of worship was erected by the Calvanistic Baptists in Platte Township, and was known as the ''Witt Meeting House," taking its name after Judge Nelson Witt, on whose land the house was built. It was quite a large structure and made of hewn logs. The first minister who officiated in this church was John Evans. Mr. Evans was from Kentucky, and through his instrumentality the first or- ganization of that denomination was effected in the county between 1838 and 1840. The Missionary Baptists subsequently erected in the same township a frame edifice wbicn was called " Hebron," which is still standing in a ruined condition, but is not used for church purposes. The Baptists also built a large frame building with two rooms, in the old town of Bloomington, in 1858. Rev. Isart Williams is the pres- ent pastor. The Hard-shell Baptists had organizations at an early day at one or two places in the southern portion of the county in Bloomington Township, in 1839. The Christians were among the earliest religious denominations to proclaim the Word in the Platte Purchase. A church was organized three miles south of DeKalb, in Bloomington Township, by Archibald Stuart, in 1839, the first sermon being preached by him under a buckeye tree on Sugar Creek. His church was known at that time as the " New Light," now the Christian Church. The Christians also established a church at Crawford Township, four miles northwest of Halleck, in 1842, called "Antioch." Elder Duke 348 HISTORY OF BUCHANAN COUNTY. Young, an aged man, preached here among the first. The Elder was said to have been entirely a self-made man, but was an earnest, devout minister. Like others of his calling at that early day, he always carried with him a small copy of the New Testament, covered with old-fashioned green and white spotted calico. The Presbyterians organized a church in the northern portion of the county, called " Walnut Grove," which is still in existence, with a membership of thirty. The same denomination had a church at Easton, shortly after the settlement of the town. The first camp-meeting was held in the year 1842, near the Valley Chapel school house, in Bloomington Township. Other camp-meetings were held in 1847, below Martin's Mill, in the same township. The Episcopalians had a Mission Station as early as 1859, ^t Saxton's Station, and one also about three miles below St. Joseph. During the first ten years of the county's history there were but few church buildings erected. Public religious services were generally held at private houses, until school houses were built, after which these build- ings were used for religious services on Sundays, and are even now used in some localities for the same purpose. CHAPTER XXIl. SCHOOLS. Our State Constitution lays down, as the very foundation of society and good government, the following principle : " Schools and the means of education shall forever be encouraged in this state. One school, or more, shall be established in each township, as soon as practicable and necessary, where the poor shall be taught gratis." Thus we find, in the fundamental law of Missouri, the plain and unequivocal announcement of the principle that every state is bound to see that its citizens are educated. It is a voluntary avowal of the fact that the happiness, wealth and prosperity of a nation must depend on the intelligence and virtue of its people. In the act of Congress (1820) authorizing the people of Missouri Territory to form a constitution and state government, the sixteenth section of each township, or its equivalent, was devoted to 'the purpose of supporting schools in each township. Twelve salt springs, with six sections or thirty-eight hundred and forty acres of land adjoining each, were also granted to the state, and those were afterwards devoted by the Legislature to the same object. The first act passed by the Legislature of the state on the subject of education was on the 17th of January, 1825. This law enacted that each Congressional Township should form a school district, to be under the control of the County Court in all matters pertaining to schools. It also declared that all rents (of school lands) fines, penalties and forfeitures accruing under provisions of this act should be set apart and appropri- ated exclusively to a school fund, and, in no case, should it be otherwise applied. January 26, 1833, the Legislature authorized the Governor to appoint three suitable persons, whose duty it should be to prepare a system of primary school instruction, as nearly uniform as practicable throughout the state, and to make report to the next meeting of the Legislature. By act of June 23, 1836, the office of Superintendent of Common Schools was first created. Peter G. Glover was the first to fill this office. He was required in the month of January of each year, to make distribu- tion of the "School Monies" amongst the several counties in which there may be any school, based upon the number of white children between the ages of six and eighteen years. 350 HISTORY OF BUCHANAN COUNTY. During the session of 1853, a committee composed of Acock, of Polk County, Hickman, of Boone and Kelley, of Holt County, by author- ity of the Legislature, matured and presented to that body the law in force on the statute- book up to the passage of the second State Consti- tution and with some modifications substantially the same as exists to- day (1881). The first distribution of State School moneys were made January, 1842, when only thirteen counties received any portion of the fund. These were Benton, Boone, Clark, Cole, Cooper, Greene, Lafay- ette, Livingston, Marion, Monroe, Ralls, Saline and Shelby. The aggregate amount of this apportionment was $1,999.60. The number of children in the report here fails to appear. In 1859, the number of children reported was 367,248, and the amount appropriated, $253,401.12. EARLY PRIVATE SCHOOLS OF ST. JOSEPH. To the first school taught in the county we have already referred in our notice of Crawford Township. Others of perhaps equal importance subsequently existed in distant parts of the county, at times not far dis- tant from this period. The most important of these, both from the superior grade of its scholarship and the permanency of its success, was that established in St. Joseph by Mrs. Israel Landis, in the summer of 1845, and advertised in the Gazette of that day as St. Joseph Female Seminary. Either about this period, or a short time previous to the first opening of this school, Mrs. Stone, a Roman Catholic lady, taught, for a few months, a small private school within the city limits. Mrs. Landis' school prospered with merited success for several suc- ceeding years. Though, to all intents and purposes a female institu- tion, a few small boys, whose sisters were pupils in the seminary, were occasionally received as temporary students in the same. The following catalogue of the first pupils will probably be read with interest by many of the present citizens of St. Joseph : Isabella Boyd, Elizabeth and Tolbert Fairleigh, Sarah Jane and Hilray Smallwood Harriet Willis, Sophia and Octavia Robidoux, Alfred and James Harding, Mary and Emerson Reeve, Mary Elizabeth Taylor. Elizabeth and A. Searcey, Mary and Sarah Lydia Flint, John Walsh, Susan and William Martin, Sarah Catherine Talbot, Minerva Patee, Eveline, Caroline, Adeliza Taylor, Sarah Maria and Emma Powell, Judith and Hannah Venable, Almira and Bryant Searcey, Sarah Catherine Norton, John Martin, Melvina Hall, Sarah Jane Hall, Mary Frances Smith, Lucy Ann Smith, Georgiana Smith, Elizabeth Loan, HISTORY OF BUCHANAN COUNTY. 35 I Elizabeth Kercheval, Mary Argyle, Martha McDonald, Prudence Funk, Mary Elizabeth Kenedy, Sarah Price, Eliza Tracy, Mary Anne Richardson, Lucretia Pfouts, Nancy Northcut, Paulina Northcut, John Kemper, John Harris, Cecelia Keedy, Cora Keedy. On February 9th, 1839, a school law was enacted, under which there were two or four inspectors of common schools appointed. One duty of these inspectors was to examine teachers. This was probably the first step toward our present organized system of public school management. Though a long term of years intervened between the period first, above referred to and the present time, we find in the days of her earliest history a lively sense of the importance of general education engaging the minds of the people of Buchanan County. The following evidence of the fact will be read with interest by many who may yet, perhaps, recollect, if they did not personally take part in the convention : On the 7th November, 1846, a COMMON SCHOOL CONVENTION of Buchanan County was held at Crawford Township school house, at which the following proceeding were had. On motion of Mr. Stratton, Dr. Davis was elected President of the Convention, and on motion of Mr. Burbaker, H. F. Hoover was elected' Secretary. The Convention was then called to order by the President, who took occasion to introduce the claims of education in some happy introductory remarks, together with reading the following preamble and resolutions, Whereas, In a republic the people are the source of all political power, and from them must emanate those hurtful or beneficent influ- ences which will operate either as an aliment in sustaining, or as poison in destroying vitality of popular institutions ; and Whereas, The entire mass of society in this country are deeply interested in reference to the capacity of each member thereof to meet the high obligations arising from his social and political relations, it being evident that the judgment in reference to these obligations cannot be correct while knowledge is deficient and defective ; and Whereas, Also it is painfully evident that in a very large portion of these states there is a destitution of political and literary intelligence disreputable to the government and incompatible with a healthful exer- cise of the sacred rights of suffrage ; and 352 HISTORY OF BUCHANAN COUNTY. Whereas, It is also evident and surprising that neither the general government nor our own state government have put forth efforts at all ade- quate to remove the incubus of ignorance, which not only endangers the peace and safety, but retards the prosperity of the country. There is, indeed, by the enactments of our state a plentiful array of directions for the organization of school districts, the necessary officers with their duties fully prescribed, etc., but nothing available placed at their dis- posal for the accomplishment of those duties. One section out of thirty-six is given for educational purposes — and that, with shame let it be said, suffered by the people to be bartered off at $1.25 per acre ! ! ! We cannot but regard the trifling appropriation of the thirty-sixth section, and that badly secured to the cause for which it was intended, as manifest proof of the indifference of government to the subject. On the part of some of the United States there are splendid excep- tions, where education is receiving the fostering care of vigorous govern- ments, and consequently, that generous devotion of the people which, as the pabulum of individual .happiness and palladium of public liberty, it justly demands ; and Whereas, If our institutions are the most subservient to human happiness, of which the world knows, it is most clearly the duty, as well as the highest interest of every individual enjoying these blessings to contribute the utmost in his power to perpetuate them unimpaired to posterity ; and Whereas, Our country is universally regarded as holding not only a conspicuous, but a tremendously responsible station, among the nations of the earth. Situate so remote from all countries where pos- terity can be dreaded, and in possession of immense physical and civil advantages, it must be evident to the most superficial observer that if the great experiment of self-government can succeed, of all nations under the sun we ought and will most likely be the people to make a practical demonstration of it. Let Buchanan County remember that the eyes of the world are directed to our nation ; that to America is directed the last appeal in behalf of the oppressed, ignorant, suffering humanity; that America is known to be the only Ararat on which freedom's ark can. safely repose. And here let it repose forever, safe in the affections and intelligence of the whole people, while our institution of learning — OUR COMMON SCHOOLS— like the bow of promise, shall spread from East tc West its wide arch, giving us the assurance that the wild waters of anarchy and despotism shall not again destroy the earth ; therefore, Resolved. That those high, those fond, those longing hopes of Christen- dom ought not, may not and must not be disappointed ; in support of which, as a part of the American people, and in conjunction with every patriotic American, we are ready and willing, as much as in us lies, to put on betimes the whole armor of freedom and wield it in behalf of those institutions that give life and permanency to our Republic. Resolved, That any individual is unable to perform the duties of a republican citizen while destitute of that education or discipline of mind necessary to understand for himself the nature of our institutions, the rudiments and principles of our government. Therefore, that the long prevalent and present neglect of common .schools, both by the gov- ernment and the people, proclaims loudly an undue appreciation of what HISTORY OF BUCHANAN COUNTY. 353 intimately concerns the vital interests of community, and favors a state of things which eminently endangers, not merely the well being, but the existence of our free institutions. But that with the intellectual and moral training which our common schools afford, every individual may acquire the ability to be a useful citi- zen, and by joining his wise and harmonious influence with others in executing plans for the common weal, he will not only earn the reputa- tion of benefactor, but will actually have an agency in embellishing the minds of his fellows whose influence, fragrant with all that is good, will live after him age after age. Resolved, That education, such as ought to be imparted in common schools, will enable every one to know and obey the just restraints of law, and also must effectually correct the exuberance of democracy, chasten and control its tendencies to insubordination, being held by the attractions of reason, in its just orbit, around a free constitution, preserved alike from the centripetal force of despotism and the centrifugal force of anarchy — giving and arming every man with the ability to detect the sophistry of the demagogue, and to unite in the selection and establish- ment of such authority as shall secure the public tranquility, by rendering obedience pleasure and submission choice. Resolved, That it is justly the reproach of the general, and of many of the state governments, that while with an energy and devotion that calls forth the admiration of the world, they have given to a mighty nation the boon of freedom, they yet have neglected, or at best imper- fectly supplied, the means of general knowledge, by whose power, calm and energetic, will give perpetual life and energy to our free govern- ment, and that, therefore, public authorities are chargeable with the inconsistency of neglecting the materials and order of the foundation, in their zeal for the strength and utility of the superstructure. Resolved, That the light of learning has long since exposed to mer- ited contempt the assumption of "the divine right of kings," and that experience amply testifies that self-government, under the guidance of general intelligence, is no longer an experiment, but ipso facto, prac- tical ; therefore the friends of common schools may most pertinently address an appeal, as a motive to our very selfishness — even the first law of our being, self preservation. Resolved, That the tranquility and perpetuity of this republic is rendered secure by the diffusion of knowledge, and that whatever so in- timately concerns the best interests of government, cannot be at vari- ance with the freedom or rights of a single citizen ; and therefor, having provided the end, has a right to so control the means and dictate as to their due appropriation for purposes of general education, and to com- pel, by law, the attendance of every minor upon common schools. Resolved, That education inspires men with a just respect for them- selves, and of consequence, a due respect for others, by bringing to view the worth and greatness of human nature, while the solemn claims of every individual possessing these exalted and dignified faculties to equal respect, are established on the very ruins of those pernicious principles which have so long and so unjustly divided mankind into classes of the abject many and the self-exalted few. Resolved, That independent of the important considerations con- nected with a discreet exercise of the right of suffrage, education has an 354 HISTORY OF BUCHANAN COUNTY. influence upon individual happiness, furnishing materials for rational, profitable, social and public intercourse, as well as subjects for private meditation — thus so expand the faculties of the human mind — we mean of every mind — that the great bond which connects and embraces the several members of society is clearly perceived and duly appreciated. Resolved, That in a religious, as well as civil view, the world is immensely indebted to the influence of letters, the demonstration of which is afforded in the Gospel itself ; the religion of which, against all opposition, became the religion of the Roman Empire. Caesar himself a christian, would seem to have promised and insured to mankind that repose, benevolence and peace which the Gospel proposes and enjoins, but, alas ! how different the result of this triumph of the cross. The world unfortunately lacked that general knowledge (for the diffusion of which we are now striving) and in consequence of which the whole of that pride and arrogance which so soon usurped and perverted in the name of religion in the place of "peace and good will to men." These fetters, strong enough to have held the world in the most degrading vassalage, and during long centuries, tumbling even the mightiest mon- archs into the dust, were at last broken, and the cruel dominion of Egyptian darkness scattered by the light and power of letters, an influ- ence which will be found irresitible against oppression, and within reach of that which will render it as lasting as Gibraltar's rock. Resolved, That the invention of the art of printing may not be inaptly styled the true alchemist — and is, indeed, the philosopher's stone, by which base materials have been converted into gold ; or, to drop the metaphor, it is that which embellishes the mind with brilliant thought, by scattering the printed page around our windows thick as the leaves of autumn, removes ignorance and supplies the mind with all the shining forms of intellectual beauty and excellence, giving symetry and order to every sense and faculty, while to the mind is imparted true con- fidence for trepidation, wisdom for ignorance, correct taste in manners, habits and morals, and a corresponding regard for the hitherto undis- covered dignity and elevation of human nature. Thus, therefore, edu- cation enhances, not only the interest and pleasure, but the wealth of individuals as well as of the nation. Resolved, That education is to be regarded not simply as an acqui- sition of a treasury of facts, but as a potent influence which pervades the whole structure of the mind, governing, strengthening and disciplin- ing all its faculties harmoniously, rendering it the crucible in which materials are prepared, and the mould to form them into countless vari- eties of novel, beautiful forms. Resolved, That although the strong arm of government has been extended with liberality in support of schools, yet there are several classes of citizens that are entitled to the gratitude of the nation for their incessant efforts in the noble cause, among whom are the clergy and the editor. Resolved, That in consequence of our wide and rapidly extending population, the relations and interests of the different sections, of the republic have become extensively various and complicated, and that the importance of education has increased in corresponding ratio. After the reading of the above preamble and resolutions, .Mr. Bur- baker addressed the convention in a very interesting speech of about an HISTORY OF BUCHANAN COUNTY. 355 hour's length, commenting upon and enforcing the truths of the resolu- tions, showing what education had accomplished in Switzerland, Prussia, and the most of the Western States, inferring a miserable deficiency in our own State with fifty thousand adults who cannot read and write ; closed by moving that the preamble and resolutions be adopted, which, being seconded, was unanimously done by the convention. Mr. Stratton introduced to the convention the subject of school houses, reading and commenting most pertinently upon the following preamble and resolutions : Whereas, Many of our school houses are among the very worst specimens of architecture. The construction of these edifices has received such little attention or aid from the more intelligent part of the community, and has been left to the care of those who have known or thought of no other model but the old building, and who have studied their pecuniary interest more attentively than the education of their children, I know of nothing among us that brings so great a reproach upon our affluence or intelligence as the low, dark, filthy appearance of many of our district school houses. There is no part of the means of education that makes a stronger demand upon the learned and benevo- lent, and none which requires a more thorough reform, than the loca- tion, size, structure and fixtures of the buildings in which nineteen citi- zens out of twenty receive their first impressions, their first character, and the principal part of their education ; therefore Resolved, That we recommend to districts inasmuch as the average number of children that ought to accompany every qualified teacher in this densely populated county should be about seventy, to build their school houses not less than thirty by forty feet in size, and that the mid- dle of the house be filled with seats instead of the common and bad practice of seating scholars around the outside of a schoolroom, that one scholar may move without moving all on his seat ; that said houses have not less than three windows in each side of the house, and those put so high that when scholars are seated their heads will be below the bottom window ; also, inasmuch as a child is educated by other teachers than books and schoolmasters, that a lovely and delightful piece of ground be selected for a school house ; also, that everything around it be comfort- able and cheerful ; also, that it be removed from the noise and sight of business, and from everything that would endanger the body or divert the mind ; also, that your houses be built high, which is of great import- ance in every house that is- filled. On motion of Mr. Stratton, and a second, they were adopted by the convention. Mr. Burbaker then presented to the convention the following in reference to the duties of Trustees : Whereas, That in our opinion our common school system, imperfect as it is, is the best that has ever been adopted in the Western States for educating the rising generation, and that a large share of the responsi- bility of -carrying that system into successful operation depends upon the District Trustee ; therefore. 35'6 HISTORY OF BUCHANAN COUNTY. Resolved, That we recommend to all Trustees that in our opinion it is necessary to pay such wages to good teachers as will not only be an adequate compensation, but will afford encouragement to persons of talent and energy to engage in the business. Resolved, further. That it is the business of the trustees to visit the schools in their respective districts often, and to have such school under their immediate supervision — not that trustees are to have a voice in the daily discipline of the school, but they may know the embarrass- ments of district schools in the absence of the necessary apparatus in the way of carrying out and executing the views of their teacher for the prosperity of the school. These resolutions prevailed unanimously with the Convention. Mr. Stratton, then at length, in a most clear, forcible and masterly manner, set forth the subject of qualified teachers and moved the fol- lowing resolution : Resolved, That in consideration of the great responsibility resting upon the teacher of the common school, it is highly requisite that all persons offering themselves as patterns and guardians of youth, possess a thorough knowledge of all the branches required to be taught in the common school course, and a capability of imparting the same with facility to their pupils ; also that they should be able to adopt and main- tain a well regulated system of classification, .instruction and discipline. This resolution was unanimously adopted. , Mr. Beane submitted and enforced a resolution in reference to parents, which prevailed. Resolved, That in the opinion of the committee, the efficiency of the teacher will be materially enhanced by the co-operation of the parent in upholding his authority and entire supremacy in all matters of school discipline and government, and inculcating into the minds of their children a high respect for his person and qualifications. Resolved, also, That it is deemed of great advantage to teachers and scholars that parents frequently visit and observe the order and regula- tion of the school, and, in case of their noticing any ground of complaint in the teacher, that they speak to him in private and make a representa- tion thereof to the trustees, and by no means to indulge in the presence of children in depreciatory remarks, which are calculated to lessen the. respect of the children and efficiency of the teacher. Resolved, That it is very essential that each scholar be furnished with such books as he may need, instead of the frequent practice of studying in couples. Mr. Burbaker offered the following preamble and resolution, which were adopted by the convention : The teacher's employment, to be profitable and useful to all parties, should be made as honorable and as separate as the physician's, divine's or lawyer's, and labor exclusively in his profession, as the physician does in his. We would not employ a man who may have had a good education, but had given his whole attention to the selling of goods, to be our physician, when disease takes hold of us, or to plead our rights before judge or jury who had not made the law his study for years ; therefore, HISTORY OF BUCHANAN COUNTY. 357 Resolved, That teaching our district schools should be made a pro- fession. Mr. Stratton submitted the subject of county conventions for teach- ers, as follows : Introductory remarks and resolution. How shall teachers become better prepared for their profession > How can they be continually improving their minds and their systems of instruction.' And how shall every teacher receive the light which the more experienced are constantly throwing upon the subject of instruction.' We know of no means so common to all, and so favorable, as county conventions of teachers. Heretofore there has been but little communication between teachers. The improvements which one has made have not been made known to others ; the incompetency of teach- ers, and the bad efforts of teacher have not been made to elevate and honor their profession. Other classes of men have had their conventions — men of science, ministers and statesmen, to ensure enlightened and united oper- ations, appoint their conventions to redress wrongs, to correct errors, and make known the improvements and able suggestions that may be discovered or proposed by any of one of the party. The wisdom and experience of these conventions not only enlighten the people and sit in Judgment upon their errors, but produce through- out the whole country similarity of feeling and harmony of efforts for the peace of the church, the advancement of science and the prosperity of the country. Such conventions are absolutely necessary, but are not conventions • of teachers equally necessary for the prosperity of our schools .' Does not the difficulty and responsible profession of teaching require all the light and knowledge that can be obtained on the subject .' Does not the incompetency of teachers invite all the aid that can be obtained on this subject .' Does not the incompetency of teachers invite all the aid that can be furnished from those who are better qualified by experience and from other literary men .' "Certainly ! " every one will say, " such assistance is highly import- ant ; it would afford that necessary aid which teachers now have no means of obtaining." Yet so great is the apathy of the people that we seldom hear of a •teachers' convention. The introduction of a teachers' convention, it seems, has but just found its way into Missouri. Hence but a small number of our teachers have .been profited by them. But how shall teachers improve themselves, if not by such conventions .' Works on education have a very limited circulation. Not one teacher out of a hundred reads anything on the subject ; nor will they read before the living voice exercises their attention. There are but few seminaries for educating teachers, and rarely a lecture delivered on 358 HISTORY OF BUCHANAN COUNTY. school-keeping. Teachers are seldom qualified when they enter into the profession, and they have neither the assistance of teachers in the vicin- ity nor intelligence from abroad, either from books or the speaking lec- ture. This should not be so. There are many means which teachers may use to prepare themselves for their profession and for improving themselves while engaged in their duties ; and we know of none so advantageous to teachers, and that is attended with so little expense and within reach of all, as frequent county conventions. If these are gener- ally announced and faithfully attended, they will not only be highly interesting to teachers, but of the greatest benefit to our schools. They should be attended not only by teachers, but all the friends of education ; each individual should go prepared to contribute to their interest and usefulness and with a hearty desire to promote the general cause of edu- cation. Each county association should have a correspondence with similar associations in adjacent counties, and so throughout the United States. By this communication all the improvements or changes which have been made may be made known. It should be the object of these conventions and communications with other associations to discover the origin of the defects in the present system of instruction, to ascertain the actual condition of schools through the' United States, who are in school, and the number who do not use the means of education. To ascertain the true interest which parents are taking in educating their children, to convince the people of the necessity of general intelligence in a free government, and to make known the duties which every one owes to the frcie institutions of his country. The mutual improvement of teachers is one of the first objects of these conventions. To render this, mutual instructibn each teacher before the convention should describe his system of instruction and his form of government. From this inter- change of views on the best methods of teaching and governing many valuable suggestions will be elicited and many evils and defects dis- closed. Individuals should be appointed to deliver lectures before these conventions, the object of the lectures being either to illustrate or simplify the branches which are taught in our schools, or to make known the best methods of instructing. These, with many other advantages, too numer- ous to mention, are the happy results of county teachers' conventions. Whereas, At the present time men of other professions are associ^ ating themselves together for mutual aid and advantage ; therefore. Resolved, That it is incumbent upon teachers, for their own protec- tion and advancement in the scale of public opinion, and for the benefit of those under their charge, to associate themselves together, to hold converse with each other as often as practicable, and, in every honorable way within their power, to promote good fellowship and brotherly kind- ness among themselves, thereby presenting opportunities for interchange of sentiments, which must produce the most beneficial results. HISTORY OF KUCHANAN COUiXTV. 359 Resolved, That we know of no better way of carrying out the spirit of the above preamble and resolution than by teachers frequently asso- ciating themselves together, as we do ; therefore earnestly recommend that associations be formed in every organized township in our county by their teachers. Resolved by the convention, That the president appoint a suitable person from each township in this county as a committee, whose duty it shall be to ascertain the number of township and district schools organ- ized, the number and reasons for, of those not organized, with such other facts as will show the state of the schools in our county, and repbrt to the next county convention. Resolved, That a county convention be held at the Crawford town- ship school house, on the second Saturday in next April. On motion, Messrs. Stratton, Burbaker and Dr. McDonald were appointed a committee to conduct the interests of the next convention. On motion the convention adjourned. H. F. HOOVER, Secretary. The committee, in behalf of the present convention, feel that they will not discharge their duty without earnestly recommending the repeal of Section 13, Article IV, School Laws of Mo. Through correspondence with the superintendent of common schools it is ascertained the 13th section of the 4th article bears a general inter- pretation, and of consequence has a restraining, crippling and mischiev- ous force on other provisions of the laws, so as to render them powerless. The committee solicit that every one examine the law, and pray the Legislature for the repeal of said section immediately. Copies of the petition will be found in the hands of the committee. H. M. VORIES, Dr. DAVIS, WM. STRATTON, GEO. BURBAKER, Committee. OTHER CITY PRIVATE SCHOOLS. While the cause of public instruction was thus engaging the atten- tion and arousing vigorous efforts on the part of many representative citizens of the new county, the spirit of individual enterprise in the pro- fession of teaching did not remain confined to the lady to whose suc- cessful efforts we have already referred. Prompted by an abiding faith in the then prospective future of St. ■ Joseph, the Rev. T. S. Reeve, a minister of the New School Presbyterian Church, opened in the town, in the fall of 1850, a female seminary. This school occupied the basement of the New School Presbyterian Church, the first ecclesiastical structure of brick erected in the city, and the sec- ond of any kind built within its limits. This building stands on an elevation on the northeast corner of Fourth and Francis Streets. Professor Reeve subsequently added, for the purpose of accommo- dating his early increasing business, two rooms of considerable size, each 36o HISTORY OF BUCHANAN COUNTY. attached to the rear of the church building. His school was emphati- cally a female seminary; recognized as such, it was liberally patronized, and from the start enjoyed a career of uninterrupted prosperity. The institution was chartered by the State Legislature with authority to con- fer the usual degrees recognized in our American female colleges. At the end of about four years Mr. Reeve determined to withdraw from the profession of teaching. He had no successor in the institution which he had established and for which he had received a charter. The furniture of the school he sold to a recent arrival, E. B. Neely, a teacher who, subsequently, as principal of a private, classical and scientific school in St. Joseph, and afterwards as superintendent of city and county schools of St. Joseph and Buchanan County, achieved an enviable dis- tinction. The Gazette of August 30th, 1854, contains the announcement that the St. Joseph Female High School would open on the first Monday in September, in a building on the corner of Fifth and Faraon Streets. The teachers of this school, which continued to prosper for a consider- ble period after its commencement, were Miss M. A. Lesuer, principal; Miss M. A. Lesuer, first assistant, and Miss H. M. Lesuer, second assistant. The building still (1881) stands, and is occupied as a residence. It was not, however, directly on the corner, another house having since been built above it, rendering the building the second southward from the corner of Faraon. In January, 185 1, Professor Charles C. Byrne, formerly of Nashville, Tennessee, and now (1881) a resident of Albany, Missouri, arrived in St. Joseph, whither he had come with the expectation of assisting in his school the Rev. Mr. Reeve. In consequence of delay in travel, he failed to reach St. Joseph in time, and, on his arrival, found that Mr. and Mrs. Mills, of Ohio, had been employed in the institution. In the following spring Mr. and Mrs. Mills left for California. Among the other teachers in St. Joseph, about this period, were Mr. Stuppy and Mr. O'Toole, the father-in-law of Hon. I. C. Parker, who once represented a Missouri district in "Congress, and is now (1881) United States District Judge in Arkansas. Both the above mentioned gentlemen were teaching when Mr. Byrne commenced his school. They continued about a year after. About three years after the commencement of the latter's school, a gentleman from New York by the name of Hart arrived in St. Joseph, and fitted up for the purpose of a school the "Old Log Church," the first place of wor- ship built in the town and erected by Parson Reeve in the early settlement of St. Joseph. This church building was rented him by Israel Landis- Mr. Byrne .speaks in the highest terms of approval of this gentleman, both personally and professionally, and at the close of the period of his brief stay, expressed regret at his departure, which was doubless due to his want of success amid the competition that then existed. HISTORY OF BUCHANAN COUNTY. 36 1 Mrs. Burr and niece also conducted a prosperous school in the city about this period. The latter, in January, 1852, was married to Wm. R. Penick. Mrs. Burr, with other assistants, continued her school for several years after this event. Among the earliest applications of public funds to the maintenance of schools in the county, from the best information at our command, was that made to one taught in St. Joseph, by Capt. C. C. Byrne, above referred to. The limited amount thus afforded only defrayed a portion of the expense of a three months' school. Numerous other institutions for the instruction of youth were subse- quently started by individual enterprise. A majority of these were mere experiments and proved short-lived. In the fall of 1854, E. B. Neely, of Virginia, accompanied by R. F. Maxwell, arrived in St. Joseph, and started, in the basement and addi- tions of the Presbyterian church above referred to, as formerly occupied by Parson Reeve's female college, a private school. Mr. Neely, after estab- lishing the school, left Mr. Maxwell in charge of the same and went back to Virginia. In the meantime a portion of the small public fund above referred to was allotted to this institution, and, as a natural consequence, swelled immensely the roll of attendance. The furniture of this school was the former property of Mr. Reeve, and was purchased from him by Mr. Neely, who returned to take charge of the school in the spring of 1855. Mr. Maxwell soon retired from the profession and the business of the school continued to be conducted by Mr. Neely, with distinguished ability and a corresponding success, till his retirement, at the close of thetivil war, from the active duties of his profession for the purpose of assuming the scarcely less onerous task of superintending the public schools of St. Joseph. To his efforts, more than to the exertions of any other one man, the present (1881) splendid condition of the public schools of St. Joseph is universally conceded to be due. In the long period during which he also filled, together with the superintendence of the above, the position of county superintendent of common schools, his marked ability was as fully recognized by all interested in the efficiency of the standard of public instruction. No fuller recognition of his sterling ability need be men- tioned than the fact of his continuous re-election to the office, under all the various and opposing changes and modifications of party in power. In the election of a city school superintendent the people of St. Joseph seem ever to have manifested the good sense to ignore political attributes. To go back a little in our history : In the fall of 1855, Professors E. C. Davis and Rogers opened a female academy in what is now the Saun- ders House. In 1858 Davis retired, leaving the institution in charge of Professor Rogers, who conducted the school till the close of the follow- 362 HISTORY OF BUCHANAN COUNTY. ing academic year, when he withdrew to take charge of the Christian Female College in Columbia, Mo. Rev. A. V. C. Schenk then took charge of the institution, the style of which he changed, naming it the St. Joseph Female College. After con- ducting the school for a brief period, he sold out to William Cameron, at one time Professor of Languages in the Masonic College, at Lexing- ton, Mo. When he withdrew, the building ceased to be used for school pur- poses, and became what is to-day (1881) a hotel, styled the Saunders House. About 1858, A. W. Slayback, a former asssistant of Mr. Neely, taught a private school in what was the Cumberland Presbyterian Church, a frame building which stood at the corner of Sixth and Edmond Streets. The building was afterwards sold to the Jews, who converted it into a synagogue. This was accidentally destroyed by fire during the civil war. In the following year J. P. Caldwell opened a school in the same building. Miss ■ India Cowden, now Mrs. E. W. Ray, assisted Professor Caldwell in this institution. She afterwards conducted an important school of her own, and was subsequently, for several years, principal of the Everett (public) School, in the city. Among the prominent teachers of other schools immediately before, and during the civil war, in St. Joseph, was Miss Sarah Bell (afterwards Mrs. Tiernan), a lady of rare literary and. scientific attainments, and of marked success as an instructress of youth. Hers was a female school exclusively. St. Joseph Classical Institute was an institution which existed in St. Joseph during the two and a-half years next preceding the close of the civil war. It was presided over by C. S. Raffington, teacher of ancient and modern languages, assisted by W. A. F. N. Bowen, teacher of mathe- matics and natural science. The school was a splendid success, including in the period of its existence, a membership of largely over two hundred students. It was taught in the Franklin school building, and only sus- pended at the close of the war, in consequence of the reorganization of the public schools of St. Joseph, when the house was required for the purpose of accommodating one of these institutions. For want of suit- able buildings in the city, the institute lost its existence. In the follow- ing September, the principal accepted the chair of languages in what is now the Daughters' College of Platte City. St. Joseph Classical Institute will long be remembered by many as the early Alma Mater of William B. Smith, whose wonderful powers of application and of apprehension achieved for him a reputation which, perhaps no other youth in the state ever acquired in a corresponding period of time. By the time that this boy, then a mere child, had com- HISTORY OF BUCHANAN COUNTY. 363 pleted his third year in this, the first school he attended, he had read eight or nine Latin authors, not superficially, but with critical accuracy. At the age of fourteen he was a better classical scholar than a majority of the graduates of our Western colleges, and had made respectable ad- vancement in mathematics and the natural sciences. In June, 1867, he entered the University of Kentucky, where his career was one of con- tinued success and of unrivaled brilliancy. In three years he was grad- uated with the highest honors ever awarded any graduate. In June, 1871, he was advanced to the degree of Master of Arts for proficiency in the French, German and Italian languages. He shortly afterwards filled the position of Professor of Natural Sciences in the University in which he was graduated. He subsequently visited continental Europe, and achieved distinction in some of the most noted of the German universities. William B. Smith is the son of Jerry Smith, Esqr., a lawyer by pro- fession, but, at the period of his death, engaged in farming near Sparta, in Buchanan County. He was assassinated on his way home from St. Joseph, one evening during the late civil war. Rev. James H. Robinson, a minister of the M. E. Church South, opened in the Patee House in St. Joseph, in September, 1865, a female school. This institution was conducted by him with success up to the period of his death, which occurred September 20, 1869, when the school was continued by Rev. Dr. Dixon till the first of January, 1869. In the fall of the year 1869, Rev. Dr. Charles Martin, a minister of the Lutheran Church, arrivgd in St. Joseph, and established, on the cor- ner of Fifth and Antoine Streets, the Young Ladies' Institute. The school is still (1881) in a prosperous condition, rarely numbering less than one hundred pupils. This institution is non-sectarian in character. BRYANT'S BUSINEES COLLEGE, located on the corner of Fourth and Edmond Streets, was established November 15, 1864, by Thomas J. Bryant, its present president, and has |)een in successful operation ever since. Up to August, 1881, two thousand four hundred and forty-three pupils, representing fifteen differ- ent states, have been graduated from this school, to say nothing of thousands who have attended simply to learn the art of penmanship. The institution is in a highly prosperous condition. ST. JOSEPH FEMALE COLLEGE. an institution of learning established and presided over by Rev. E. S. Dulin, D. D., LL. D., a prominent minister of the Baptist Church, closed its fourth year in June, 1881. The building, one of the most spacious and elegant in the city, was completed some years ago at a cost of $120,000. The. establishment of a school here by Dr. Dulin was hailed 364 HISTORY OF BUCHANAN COUNTY. as a warrant of success which subsequent results amply verified. Sup- plied with a numerous and able faculty, as well as the general appliances of a first-class ladies' school, this largely attended institution has proven a matter of just pride to St. Joseph. To return to the matter of our county schools : — The records of the office of State Superintendent of Public Schools show that the following named persons were the Buchanan County Com- missioners of Common Schools (or Superintendents) as indicated, for the years given, viz.: Clerk and Acting Commissioner. Milton H. Walsh, County Clerk and Acting Commissioner. Joseph J. Wyatt, County Commissioner. Joseph J. Wyatt, Wm. C. Toole, " " Wm. C. Toole, Wm. C. Toole, W. M. Albin, S. P. Cunningham, " J. Van Riley, County J. Van Riley, Willis M. Sherwood, " Willis M. Sherwood, " *Edward B. Neely, County Superintendent. Edward B. Neely, Edward B. Neely, Edward B. Neely, Edward B. Neely, Edward B. Neely, Edward B. Neely, J. T. Riley, J. T. Riley, Corydon F. Craig, Corydon F. Craig, F. S. Wynn filled by appointment of County Court the office of County School Commissioner from March, 1877, to April 15, 1877. The period of the vacancy occasioned by the resignation of C. F. Craig. 1877. J. P. Boyle, County Superintendent. J. P. Boyle, J. P. Boyle, J. P. Boyle, J. P. Boyle, 1853- 1854. 1855. 1856. 1857. 1858. 1859- i860. 1862. 1863. 1864. 1865. 1866. 1867. 1868. 1869. 1870. 1871. 1872. 1873- 1874. 1875. 1876. 1878 1879. 1880. 1881 * Appofnted Superintendent by County Court in the spring of 1866 for six months, until first general election. He was the first to hold the office of County Superintendent in Buchanan County. HISjTORY OF BUCHANAN COUNTY. 3^5 APPORTIONMENTS OF STATE SCHOOL MONEYS TO BUCHANAN COUNTY. School age be- I tween 6 and^ 2 20 years. ] 3 School age be- tween 5 and 20 years . School age be- tween 5 and 21 years. 4 5 6 7 8 9 lo II 12 «3 "4 '5 Ll6 r 17 i8 '9 20 21 22 23 24 School age be- tween 6 and- 20 years. 25 26 27 28 29 L 30 January, 1847 January, 1848 January, 1849 January, 1850 January, 1 85 1 January, 1852 January, 1853 Febr'y, 1854 May, 1855 May, 1856 .May, 1857 May, 1858 May, 1859 May, i860 May, 1864 May, 1865 March, 1867 March, 1868 March, 1870 March, 187 1 March, 1872 March, 1873 March, 1874 March, 187S March, 1876 March, 1877 March, 1878 March, 1879 March, 1880 March, 1881 Enumeration Amount S47 $ ;48l 36 3.4«8 1,367 20 3.506 ',367 34 3,861 617 76 3.703 1,481 20 4,738 1,421 40 3.639 t,200 87 4.535 4,191 82 4,375 1,662 50 4858 3,886 40 5.099 3.977 22 5,427 3.79» 90 6,970 4 533 30 7,302 ,4.965 36 7,302 3.212 88 9,13' 1,004 41 12,471 6,584 69 6,921 79 12,187 6,599 ?6 12,622 6.833 55 « 2,430 6,622 ^9 12,280 6,372 19 « 2,340 7,160 44 12,578 8,293 77 13.058 8,249 86 10,736 7,983 97 > 2,473 9,901 19 13.332 9.739 60 >3.49S 9.903 52 14,662 10,484 34 ROMAN CATHOLIC INSTITUTIONS OF LEARNING IN ST. JOSEPH. The Convent of the Sacred Heart is also a seminary for the instruc- tion of young ladies. The building was completed in 1857. The reputation of this institution is widely and favorably extended- The building, from its lofty and commanding position on Twelfth Street, is a land mark to a wide extent of the surrounding country, and is cer- tainly one of the most spacious, complete and elegant structures in the city. Its dimensions are 120x60 feet, and consists of three stories and a mansard roof with a tower of elegant design, the metallic summit of which, reflecting the dazzling sunlight, like a beacon marks the position of St. Joseph in a radius of many miles from the city, when no other fea- ture of the town is visible. The building is, at present, divided into thirty-eight apartments of greater or less extent, all models of neatness and perfection of construc- tion and arrangement. The tin roof of the convent building was blown off and the structure otherwise materially damaged by a storm which occurred in July, 1871. 33 366 HISTORY OF BUCHANAN COUNTY. The restoration of the building by the addition of a slate-mansard roof and other repairs, involved an expense of $20,000. The value of the convent property, including the parish school building on the premises, in which a large number are taught' by four teachers, is estimated at $80,000. The convent proper is usually occupied by about thirty nuns, inclu- ding the Lady Superior. The schools are well attended. THE COLLEGE OF THE CHRISTIAN BROTHERS, on an eminence in the northeast part of the city, is a plain and substan- tial brick structure, of lofty appearance and considerable extent. The Christian Brothers are devoted exclusively to the profession of teaching, and are forbidden from aspiring to the priesthood. The school generally includes upwards of two hundred students from all parts of the- country, many of whom are boarders in the institution. St. Patrick's Parochial School is also conducted by the Christian Brothers in a large two-story brick building on the corner of Monterey and Eleventh Streets. This also is in a prosperous condition and is largely attended. The Sisters of Charity, those ministers of mercy, whose deeds of benevolence exist whenever the cry of human suffering is heard, have an organization in St. Joseph, and a convent, to which is attached a school for the education of the poor. This is located on Felix between Seventh and Eighth Streets. The German English School of the Immaculate Conception is taught in a neat two-story brick building on Tenth below Angelique Street. It is conducted by an order of nuns known as the Sisters of St. Joseph. Vocal and instrumental music are taught here in addition to the German and English languages and the ordinary branches of education. CHAPTER XXIII. OFFICIAL DIRECTORY. CIRCUIT JUDGES. David R. Atchison, 1839; Henson Young, 1844; Solomon L. Leon- ard, 1845; W. B. Almond, 1851; E. H, Norton, 185 1 ; Silas Woodson, 1859; William Herren, 1864; I. C. Parker, 1868; Bennett Pike, 1870; Joseph P. Grubb, 1872 ; W. H. Sherman, 1880. COUNTY COURT JUDGES. 1839 — William Harrington, Samuel Johnson, William Curl. 1840^ — Stephen Jones, Richard Roberts, Upton Rohrer. 1841-42 — Stephen Jones, Richard Roberts, Thomas A. Brown. 1843-44— Richard Roberts, Thomas A. Brown, William Dunning. 1845-46-47-48 — William Dunning, Robert Irwin, Robert Duncan. 1849 — William Dunning, Robert Irwin, Thornton S. Talbot. 1850-51-52 — Thornton S. Talbot, William Dunning, Robert Jessee. 1853 — Aaron Lewis, Nelson Witt, Hiram Rogers. 1854-55 — Aaron Lewis, Nelson Witt, Cornelius Roberts. 1855-56— William M. Carter, Nelson Witt, Cornelius Roberts. 1856-57 — Josiah H. Crane, Cornelius Roberts, John J. PuUins. 1857-58-59 — ^John J. Pullins, James A. Anthony, Cornelius Roberts. 1860-61 — James A. Anthony, John J. Pullins, William Dunning. 1862— P. B. Locke, Cornelius Roberts, Ransom Ridge. 1863-64 — Cornelius Roberts, Ransom Ridge, Charles Schrieber. 1865 — Cornelius Roberts, Charles Schreiber, William Ridenbaugh. 1866 — James B. Pettigrew, Charles Schreiber, J. B. Bell. 1867-68 — P. Bliss, Jacob Boyer, Charles Schreiber. 1869-70 — William M. Albin, Charles Schreiber, Jacob Boyer. 1871 — John Pinger, William B. Gillmore, John Bretz, 1872 — John Pinger, William B. Gillmore, Benjamin B. Frazer. 1873 — John Bretz, Michael Fitzgerald, John Taylor. 1874— M. Fitzgerald, John Taylor, Fred W. Smith, John E. Wade, John L. Sutherland. 1875-76— B. Patton, S. D. Cowan, John E. Wade, John Rohan,'John Taylor. 368 HISTORY OP BUCHANAN COUNTY. 1877-78 — B. Patton, William Roberts ; Roberts resigned and John Pryor appointed ; Patrick Mclntyre. 1879-80— T. A. Brown, P. Mclntyre, John H. Carey. 1881 — T. A. Brown, P. Mclntyre, L. F. Carpenter. CIRCUIT CLERK'S. Edwin Toole, 1839; Wm. Fowler, 1840; Wm. Ridenbaugh, 1852; Wm. C. Toole, 1862;, Frank Hopkins, 1864; Wm. Ridenbaugh, 1870; C. C. Colt (appointed) 1873 ; J. H. R. Cundiff, 1874; S. D. Cowan,"i878; COUNTY CLERKS. William Fowler, from 1839 to 1852 ; Milton Walsh, from 1852 to 1858; I. V. Riley, from 1858 to 1864; Willis M. Sherwood, from 1864 to 1870; John B. Harder, from 1870 to 1874; John T. Ransom, from 1874 to December, 1874, to fill vacancy caused by death of Harder; I. V. Riley, from January, 1875, to April, 187S ; E. V. Riley, appointed to fill vacancy till 1876; E. V. Riley, from 1876 to 1883. RECORDERS. Edwin Toole, 1839; William Fowler, 1840; George A. Pearcy, 1865; Thomas Kelly, 1874; M. Crawford, 1875 ; James A. Millan, 1879. PROBATE JUDGES. Joseph J. Wyatt, from 185 1 to 1859; Henry Tutt, from 1859 to 1863. . In 1863 the Legislature repealed the law establishing Probate Courts, giving the County Courts jurisdiction of all probate matters. In 1866 the Probate Court was re-established : Philemon Bliss, from 1866 to 1868; William M. Albin, from 1868 to 1870; James P. Pettigrew, from 1870 to 1874; Henry Tutt, from 1874 to 1881 Judge Tutt, the present incumbent, was a member of the Legislature in 185 1, and had the honor of drafting the act establishing the Probate Courts of the state. SHERIFFS. Samuel M. Gilmore, 1839; George W. Taylor, 1843 ; Wm. W. Rey- nolds, 1846; Leander T. Ellis, 1850; Joseph B. Smith, 1852 ; Solomon N. Sheridan, 1856; James A. Matney, appointed in 1857, served until August, 1858; Michael D. Morgan, 1858, resigned in 1862; Robert T Maxwell (Coroner), 1862; Samuel Ensworth, 1862; Enos Craig, 1863; Ransomc Ridge, 1865; Irvin Fish, 1867; Dr. R. P. Richardson, 1871 ; Elijah Gates, 1873; J. L. Spencer, 1877; R. H. Thomas (present incum- bent), 1880. HISTORY OF BUCHANAN COUNTY. 369 TREASURERS. James A. Anthony, until 1851 ; Jno. Curd, from 185 1 to 1863 ; Geo- Lyon, from 1863 to 1871 ; Gustavus H. Koch, 1871 to 1873 ; Jno. Wil- liams, 1873 to 1877; James Hull, 1877 to 1881 ; John T. Ransome, 1881 to 1883. COLLECTORS. Until 1864 the Sheriff was ex-officio Collector of the county; Thomas Harbine, 1865; John Finger, 1869; Robert F. Maxwell, :87i ; Tolbert Fairleigh, 1873 ; Thomas J. Burgess, 1875 ; M. M. Claggett, 1877 ; R. T. Davis (present incumbent), 1879. ASSESSORS. Wm. W. Reynolds, 1839; Hiram Rodgers, 1843 ; Zachariah Garton, 1845 ; Matthew C. Ferrell, 1846 ; Leander T. Ellis, 1847 ; Henry M. Beauchamp, 1851; Henry Smith, 1852; Hiram Roberts, 1853; James A. Matney, 1855 ; Wm. Fitton, 1863 ; John B. Harder, 1865 ; J. A. Mathews, 1867; Joseph Mathers, 1869; Cyrus J. Missemer, 1871; John S. Tutt, 1873 ; George Garrett, 1875 ; John S. Tutt (present encumbent), 1877. CORONERS. Benajah B. Hartwell, 18 — ; David V. Thompson, 18 — ; David R. Heaton, 1852 ; W. R. Penick, 1854; J. H. Crane, 1858 ; Robert T. Max- well, i860; John A. Dolman, 1862; Thomas Young, 1864; J. T. Berg- hoff, 1866 ; C. J. Siemens, 1870 ; Samuel Goslee, 1872 ; Hugh Trevor, 1874; J. W. Heddens, 1880. COUNTY PROSECUTORS. S. A. Young, 1872 ; he resigned, and J. P. Thomas appointed to fill vacancy ; H. M. Rainey, 1874; Willard P. Hall, Jr., 1878 ; O. M. Spencer, 1880. CHAPTER XXIV. HAMLETS AND VILLAGES. DEKALB— RUSHVILLE-WINTHROP— AGENCY— HALLECK— WALLACE— ARNOLDSVILLE-FRA- ZER— EVELINE-LAKE STATION-EASTON—SAXTON'S STATION— SCHOOLS— CHURCHES SECRET ORDERS, ETC. DeKalb, formerly Bloomington, in Bloomington Township, is located on the Chicago, Rock Island & Pacific Railroad, fourteen miles south of St. Joseph, and twelve miles from Atchison, Kansas, and contains a population of about four hundred. The town was laid off in 1837, by James G. Finch. The lots were surveyed by George Jole, who died in 1870. Finch left the place between 1839 and 1842, and, after his depart- ure, the quarter section of land upon which the town site was located was entered by Oliver Norman, who deeded to each settler the lot he occu- pied. The town was laid off with a square in the center, for the purpose of accommodating the court house of the county, of which it was then expected to become the county seat. About the year 185 1, owing to the existence of another town in the state called Bloomington, the name was changed, with that of the post- office, to DeKalb. James G. Finch, above mentioned, opened the first store in the place, in 1838. The first postmaster was A. J. Cunningham. Bluford Allee and his brother-in-law, Daniel Chitwood, settled in DeKalb in 1842. They were well known citizens. Chitwood was a cab- inetmaker, and at one time a merchant in the town. Both are dead. Bluford Allee had charge, at one time, of the present county farm. A. C. Craig, a prominent citizen of St. Joseph, and till recently a member of the firm of Tootle, Corby & Co., St. Joseph, sold goods in DeKalb several years previous to 1858. Dr. Samuel Goslee, a native of Kentucky and a graduate of the Medical Department of the St. Louis University, practiced with dis- tinguished success in DeKalb from 1852 to 1871, when he moved to St. Joseph, where he died in 1878. Dr. Goslee was a bright and cultivated Mason, and stood high in the order. BUSINESS FIRMS. The principal business house of DeKalb (1881) is that of Derge & Hagenstein, general merchandise, and dealers in grain, cattle and hogs. HISTORY OF BUCHANAN COUNTY. 37 1 This firm came to DeKalb in 1858. Albert Derge has been postmaster •of the town for ten years past. J. S. Harmon and David Dix compose the firm of Harmon & Dix. They began business here in March, 1881, and operate a large general :stock. W. H. Mack keeps a well-appointed drug store. J. C. Crook carries on extensively wagon-making, plow manufactur- ing, and general blacksmithing, and deals in agricultural implements. W. H. Warren is proprietor of the only hotel in the town. The brick mill building in DeKalb was erected in 1855, by John F. Martin, James Pettigrew, and Thomas Allee. It is provided with two runs of burrs, and cost $3,500. Its present owner is Philip Gurner. In 1858 a woolen mill was added. It is however, not operated. F. M. Bretz and F. D. Hampton each carry on a blacksmith shop. Stephen Garten, who has lived in the town since 1839. and F. W. West, who is also an old resident, are the saloon keepers. W. R. Oliver has been the railroad station agent at this point since 1872. He, at one time, sold goods here. His father, W. N. Oliver, now dead, also sold goods here from 1844 to 1864. W. N. Oliver was born in Virginia and came to DeKalb in the fall of 1844. The present physicans of the town are Dr. J. N. Martin who has been practicing here since 1844 '> Dr. C. H. Martin, his son, who has practiced four years, and Dr. Ramsey, who has been here since 1854. The present township officers are : Thomas J. Crumpacker, Justice of the Peace ; Joseph H. Dixon, Justice of Peace ; Thomas West, Con- stable. SCHOOLS, CHURCHES, ETC. There is a good public school building in the town, a frame, with two rooms, built about ten years ago, at a cost of $1,700. There is a Baptist church, a large frame building, erected in 1858, and cost $2,500. Rev. Isart Williams is pastor. There is an M. E. Church, brick, built also in 1858. The Rev. William Barnett is the minister in charge. Secret orders of the county are mentioned under the proper head- ing, at the conclusion of this chapter. DeKalb is one of the best shipping points on the line of the railroad, and the best on the branch. The country surrounding DeKalb is well watered. North Sugar Creek being the principal stream. No better tim- bered region in the county. Walnut grows everewhere, and also the different varieties of oak, elm, sugar-tree, linden, ash, hackberry, and in fact all kinds of timber indigenious to the latitude. The soil is a deep loam, not surpassed in fertility by any section of the county. Farms are generally in a good condition and well improved ; fine orchards and excellent blue grass pastures. 372 HISTORY OF BUCHANAN COUNTY. RUSHVILLE. The town of Rushville was laid out in 1847, by Perman Hudson and James Leachman. It was formerly called Columbus, but in 185 1, the- name was changed to Rushville. BUSINESS FIRMS. The present mercantile business of Rushville includes William Wells and Archibald Cooper, general stores ; Richard W. Jones, dealer in drugs and groceries ; William H. Allison, grocery store and the post office. There are three saloons. Two butcher shops. Three blacksmith shops. Two hotels, kept respectively by C. Cooper and J. H. Allison. Three physicians — Drs. B. W. Culver, W. S. Morrison and T. H. Davis. The present officers of the town are : William Prosser, Justice of the Peace;- William Buntin, Justice of the Peace; John S. Dyer, Constable. SCHOOLS, CHITRCHES, ETC. There are two good frame school buildings, in which six and eight months schools are taught during the year. There are in the town two churches. The M. E. Church. South, a frame building, 36x50 feet, completed in 1869, at a cost of $2,300; and the Christian Church, a frame of the same dimensions, built in 1876, at a cost of $2,000. There is besides in the township another house of wor- ship, known as "Sugar Creek Church." This (the property of the Chris- tians) is a irame building, erected in 1879, ^^ ^ cost of $2,500, on the site of the old church, the first built in the township, in 1855. The Baptists have also a church membership at Sugar Creek of twenty-two members. The country surrounding Rushville is heavily timbered, not more than one thousand acres in the township being prairie. It presents a striking diversity of surface, rolling upland, often abruptly broken, but always fertile, with fair average improvements. The river bottom near the town is about three miles wide, and where net cleared, is covered with a thick growth of timber of valuable varie- ties. There are near the town some of the finest orchards in the county. The country is well supplied with water. Excellent building stone abounds, and coal is believed to exist there. WINTHROP. George Million settled the quarter section of land on which the town of Winthrop now stands in 1839, and erected thereon the first log HISTORY OF BUCHANAN COUNTY. 375 cabin that was built in the place, and afterwards sold to F. Ruthinger, who still resides there. Mr. Million operated the first ferry from Win- throp to Atchison, Kansas, before the latter was settled or laid out. The laind upon which Winthrop now stands was entered in 1844 by Philip Stultz, and sold by him in 1856, to Green Gore. In 1857, Green Gore sold to Willis E. Gaylord, of Atchison County, Kansas. In i860, on the completion of the railroad from St. Joseph to Atchison, W. E. Gaylord sold the quarter section to Senator S. C. Pomeroy, of Kansas. At this period a town company was formed by S. C. Pomeroy, W. E. Gaylord and others. A great portion of the original town site together with a part of the Kansas City Railroad track and depot grounds were washed away by the encroachments, of the river, and many of the primitive structures which were built at an early day, have long since gone into the Missouri with the frail and treacherous banks on which they stood. BUSINESS FIRMS. Hiram House put up a building and was the first to sell goods in the place. He began in i860 and continued until 1869, when he went to Colorado. E. C. Wells opened a store after House left and sold good till 1880, when he moved to Forest City, Missouri. In the meantime other parties sold goods in Winthrop. Hiram House was the first postmaster and also the first justice of the peace. By the flood of 1880 the town was nearly depopulated. J. A. Baily, now selling goods in the place, commenced in 1865. Captain J. G. Morrow, the present postmaster, has also been en- gaged in general merchandise for many years. He located just below the town in the spring of 1854; he now resides in Atchison, Kansas, but does business in Winthrop. He was a part owner in the first ferry operated by Million. E. Winkler and T. R. Shelly are merchants in general trade. Dr. C. T. Burchard keeps a drug store. John Meyer is a baker and confectioner. There are three hotels, some private boarding houses and six saloons. The first lumber yard was started in 1877, by Henry Denton, of Atchison, who now continues the same business. The first physician to establish himself in the town was Dr. John Robbins, who is still here. The other physicians are Drs. Burchard^ Seip and Byers. The first to locate in the practice of law was M. McDuff, who came in i860 and left in 1865. The only attorney at present in the town, is T. W. Harl, Esq. 374 HISTORY OF BUCHANAN COUNTY. SCHOOLS, CHURCHES, ETC. There is no church building in Winthrop. Religious services are held by different denominations in a neat public school building, which was built in 1875, at a cost of $700. IMPROVEMENTS. The most prominent features of the town are the large brick pack- ing houses, located south of the railroad tracks. The larger one was erected in the summer and- fall of 1879, by the Fowler Bros., of Chicago, at a cost of about $150,000, This immense establishment, when in operation, employed one thousand men. In the fall of 1880, the machinery was moved to Kansas City and the building was virtually abandoned. In the summer of 1880, Smith, Farlow & Co., of Quincy, Illinois, erected in the immediate neigeborhood of Fowler Bros.' packing house a smaller building, costing about $60,000. Both these structures are brick, the former having a capacity for dis- posing of 2,500 hogs per day, and the latter a capacity for killing about 1,500. The bridge across the Missouri River, extending between Winthrop and Atchison, was completed in 1876, at a cost of about $1,000,000. It is built of iron ; is a magnificent structure, and accommodates railroads and general travel. Another prominent feature of the town is the East Atchison Live Stock Exchange and Stock Yards, Colonel D. G. Stockwell, general manager. These yards were opened in 1873, and afford facilities for keeping one thousand head of cattle and one thousand head of hogs. There are at present in the town two railroad depots and one or two round houses. AGENCY. Where the town of Agency now stands there was formerly a ford, •extensively used in the days of the early settlement of the country, called Agency Ford. The name originated from the fact that the Platte River was forded at this point, in going from the Indian Agency, established west of the Platte, to Liberty, Clay County, Missouri, in those days, the nearest point of trade. It was here that General Andrew S. Hughes lived several years as an Indian Agent, before the purchasing of the Platte country. BUSINESS FIRMS. The first store in the place was opened by William Jackson in 1866, ivho afterwards kept a saloon and a blacksmith shop. HISTORY OF BUCHANAN COUNTY. 375 Two or three years after, T. Weedin opened a general store on a small scale. Mr. Smith erected a business block, which was destroyed by fire. Afterward a two-story brick block was built, including two large business houses. E. M. Yates & Co., long a prominent firm in Agency, sold to W. B. Smith, the style of the firm now being McCrary & Smith. A large general store is kept by Wells & Smith. Charles Thompson keeps a grocery and provision store. The proprietors of the blacksmith and wagon shops are : J. R. Farris, G. W. Henley and Hamilton King. Dr. C. R. Woodson and Dr. G. W. Dowell are the physicians of the town. Mrs. Holland, widow of Esquire Holland, deceased, is postmistress. SCHOOLS, CHURCHES, ETC. There are in the Township of Agency several district schools, among which are the Agency, the McGauhey, the Moore and Greenard school houses. The Cumberland Presbyterian Church was organized in the town in 1862, by J. J. Gilmore, James M. Campbell and B. P. Holland. This building is used by all denominations. The M. E. Church South, has a one-fourth interest here in a church building. ' The country surrounding Agency is essentially a timbered region, not more than two hundred acres of the township being prairie. Of late, however, much of this timber has disappeared from the ridges extending between the northern boundary of the township and Platte River. The prevailing character of the ridge timber is oak of different varieties. The bottom affords an abundance of fine walnut as well as other kinds of valuable timber. The principal stream of the township is Pigeon Creek, flowing in an easterly direction into Platte River. In certain localities along the banks of Platte River, good limestone suitable for building purposes is found, and also an abundance of sand and gravel. HALLECK. The present harrtlet and post office of Halleck, in Crawford Town- ship, was formerly called Birming. The name changed during the civil war to its present style, in honor of General Halleck. The site of the village was originally known as Fansher's Cross Roads. In 1848-49 a saloon was kept here, in which was sold whisky of so villainous a character, that some soldiers of the Mexican war, who 376 HISTORY OF BUCHANAN COUNTY. had just returned home, compared it to Taos whisky, proverbial for being^ the meanest sold in Mexico. A soldier, John McGuire, galloping through the village and yelling " Hurrah for Taos!" fixed the nickname by which it has ever since been known. McGuire died in California. The first postmaster of Birming was Henry Hardin, now dead. The first building on the site of what was afterward Birming was a saddle shop, and put up by John Baker, previous to 1845. John Conan brought the first stock of goods and opened the first regular store, in 1849. A few months after he sold to Hiram Rodgers, who continued the business for several years. The present business men of the town are : P. W. Nolan, general merchandise. W. D. & J. H. Hampton, general merchandise. S. H. Bryant & Co., dealers in drugs, medicines, books and stationery. Henry G. Foster and J. M. Street, blacksmiths. W. H. Crews, wagon maker. Hampton Hotel, kept by J. H. Hampton. Physicians are, J. H. C. Robinson and John M. Watson. Population, 150. SCHOOLS AND CHURCHES. One school house in district No. 3, 22x36, with addition of 20x22 feet, built in 1867. Number of pupils enrolled, 128; average daily attendance, 49. Directors, D. W. Clowser, P. W. Nolan and Janies Ferrel. There is one church building in the town used by the different religious denominations. Rev. J. T. Farley is the Baptist minister at Taos and has a member- ship of fifty. WALLACE. On the Atchison branch of the C.,R. I. & P. R. R., five miles southeast of DeKalb, is the most important business point in Crawford township. It was laid out in 1872, on the extension of the road to this point. William Fowler, of St. Joseph, pre-empted the quarter section of land on which Wallace now stands. He sold the land to John Judy and Thomas Feland, who composed the town company. The first business house put up in the place, was by Thomas Ringo. He sold goods here from 1873 to 1879. Asher & Gibson succeeded him. They continued the business two years, when they sold to Johnson & Bashford, who now conduct the estab- lishment. Chesnut & Beaver opened a general stock of goods in 1874, in a building erected by G. W. Rector, a pioneer of this section, who died in 1879. Rector's farm adjoined the town site. HISTORY OF BUCHANAN COUNI'Y. 377 Chesnut & Beaver were succeeded by Beaver & Rogers. Curtis & Jenkins succeeded Beaver & Rogers in 1877, and continued to do busi- ness till 1878, when the present firm of Chesnut & Murphy was estab- lished in the same stand. In 1877, Leny Garten sold goods a few months in the town, and, in the spring of 1880, O. P. H. Lucas, the present postmaster of the place, opened a family grocery. The Wallace Hotel, a small, two-story frame building, ample, how- ever, to meet the demands of the place, was built in 1873, by T. C. Feland, and occupied by G. C. McLain. In 1876, it was sold to Zack Finney, and occupied as a hotel by Mrs. Mary McGinnis till 1880, when it was re-occupied by G. C. McLain. George Girardin opened a blacksmith shop in 1873 o" the site of the town before it was laid out. ' The first railroad agent at this point was Jefferson Plank, appointed July, 1872, and was succeded by Calvin Hamm in 1876. F. G. Brouch is the present agent. There were shipped from the Wallace station during the year 1880: Walnut lumber 44 cars. Flour 83 " Cord wood 106 " Wheat 31 " Apples 40 " Hogs 38 " Bran 17 " Walnut logs 3 " Total 362 " Showing an increase of six per cent, over the preceding year. The business amounted to over $ii,cxx3. C. P. Walbridge opened a dry goods store in the town in 1881. John Surface, the undertaker of the place, has been there since 1877. The town is supplied with two saloons. Population, 167. SCHOOLS, TIMBER, ETC. There is on the town quarter a good frame school house, built in 1876, at a cost of $1,000, and includes three acres of land. Of timber there is plenty, consisting of walnut and other varieties. The principal water courses of the township are Bee Creek, with its tributaries, and William's and Jordan's branches, besides numerous springs of pure cold water. Limestone for building purposes is found on' the. head branches of Lamar Fork of Bee Creek. 378 HISTORY OF BUCHANAN COUNTY. The staple yield of the township in ante bellum days was hemp, vast quantities of which were then raised and shipped. Corn, wheat and other small grain grow and produce well. Fruits of all kinds pr,oper to this latitude are excellent. Horses, mules, cattle and hogs are exten- sively raised. ARNOLDSVILLE. About the year 1846 or '47, Eli Arnold, a native of Ohio, erected on the site of the present village of Arnoldsville, about four miles west of the Platte River, a large frame building, which he equipped as a grist mill, and for a time operated it by horse power. Finding this means too costly to be profitable, he procured from Cincinnati an engine and boiler, and substituted steam for horse power. The difficulty of procur- ing the necessary water however, proved an obstacle to the complete success of the enterprise, and, after remaining idle for some time, the machinery was, after the war, sold to W. B. Smith, and moved to Agency. The old burrs are still in Cooley's water mill below Agency. The old mill building still remains, a gloomy reminder of the early and mistaken enterprise of a pioneer, who has long since passed to the land of shadows, where grists are not ground and where mistakes never occur. Eli Arnold was the first postmaster of the town. The present post- master is George W. Ray, the leading merchant of the place. The first building erected after the old mill, of which we have spoken, on the site of Arnoldsville, was a blacksmith shop, operated by Thomas Wilkerson. About the time that Arnold buiit his mill he erected a storehouse, which he afterward rented to different parties. Isaac Brooks first sold goods there. He was succeeded by the Helm Brothers. Others have sold goods in the place. J. Deitz has a grocery store. E. Gilbert, William St. John and Webber have wagon making and blacksmith shops. There is also a boot and shoe shop and seVeral residences. Dr. Belmont, established near the present site of the town, was among the early physicians. The present and only physician is Dr. J. C- Smith, a son of the founder of Agency. SCHOOLS, TIMBER, ETC. The first school building erected in Arnoldsville was a brick house. In consequence of its dilapidated condition, it was torn down in 1867, and a two-story frame put up, the lower story of which accommodates the Arnoldsville district school. The surrounding country, and especially that along the line of the Platte, is more or less hilly and broken, but heavily timbered and very productive. HISTORY OF BUCHANAN COUNTY. 379 The Platte River, which forms the eastern boundary of the town- ship , together with its tributaries, afford an abundant supply of water. EASTON. • Easton, in Marion ToWnship, is one of the largest towns in the county outside of St. Joseph, and is a good business point. It is on the Hannibal & St. Joseph Railroad, twelve miles east of St. Joseph. In 1848, Mr. E. Don McCrary purchased four hundred acres of land where now stands the town of Easton. In 1854, Mr. McCrary opened a store on his farm, and the same season laid off the town. The second store was established in 1855, by Kernes & Lumback. The latter dis- posed of his interest to Kernes, George Berry, Isaac Gibson and C. Benight, and the business was carried on by this firm till the breaking out of the war. Dr. I. S. Talbott was the first physician to locate in the place. PRESENT BUSINESS FIRMS. Engaged in general merchandise are McCray Bros., Birt, Boyer & Co., Keys & Leftwick, William Tuck. H. B. Iba, shoemaker and postmaster. Colt Bros. & Co., millers. One hotel kept by Jacob Hopper. SCHOOLS AND CHURCHES. One school house ; frame building. One church, Presbyterian; built in 1868. Rev. E. B. Sherwood, present pastor. FRAZER. Frazer, in Tremont Township, is located on the St. Louis, Kansas City & Northern Railway, fifteen miles from St. Joseph. It has a post- office and one store. EVELINE, commonly called Hall's Station, is on the Kansas City, St. Joseph and Council Bluffs Railroad, about half way between St. Joseph and Atchi- son, Kansas, in Wayne Township. It contains a depot, store, saloon and several residences. The surrounding country is flat, heavily timbered, and subject to overflow in extreme high water. LAKE STATION is on the same railroad and in the same township, four miles from St. Joseph, and has a glue factory. 380 HISTORY OF BUCHANAN COUNTY. SAXTON. Saxton is located on the Hannibal & St. Joseph Railroad, six miles east of St. Joseph', in Washington Township. It contains a depot. The ground upon which it is situated was donated by Mr. A. M. Saxton, of St. Joseph. At this station there is. one store — general merchandise. \ SCHOOLS AND CHURCHES. In the township there are several frame school houses, and the church ■edifices, known as the "Oak Grove" Church and the "Walnut Grove" Church, the former being under the control of the Presbyterians, and the latter a Union Church. For convenience, we will here give a list of the churches in the county outside of St. JoSeph : M. E. CHURCH SOUTH. DeKalb ; Sparta, half interest in a frame building, house of worship; Walnut Grove, fourth interest in a frame building, house of worship; Agency, fourth interest in a frame building, house of worship. CHRISTIAN CHURCHES. Bethel, Platte River, Agency, Rushville, Franklin. BAPTIST CHURCHES. DeKalb, Mt. Pleasant, Sugar Creek, Walnut Grove, part interest, Taos. PRESBYTERIAN CHURCHES. Oak Grove, Walnut Grove. SCHOOL DISTRICTS OF THE DIFFERENT TOWNSHIPS. Wa^ington has 14 School Districts. Marion has 9 school districts, including one school in Easton. Tremont has 5 school districts. Centre has 7 school districts. Agency has 3 school districts. Wayne has 5 school districts. Lake has i school district. Platte has 6 school districts, including district No. 17. Jackson has 4 school districts. Crawford has 6 school districts. Bloomington has 7 school districts. Rush has 7 school districts. HISTORY OF BUCHANAN COUNTY. 38 1 The following is a list of the secret orders in Buchanan County : MARION TOWNSHIP. Under a dispensation of April 28, 1858, granted by Bro. and Rev. William N. Irish, Dist. D. G. M., who was present and organized Easton Lodge, No. loi, A. F. and A. M., in their hall in the town of Easton, Buchanan County, Missouri, by appointing Bros. Daniel Conway, W. M.; Hugh McClinto.ck, Sen. W.; Absalom Kerns, Jun. W.; Jordan J. PuUins, Treas.; John Long, Secy; Silas H. Kerns, Sen. D.; L. D. Dowell, Jun. D.; Adam Kerns, Tyler, duly installing them as such. On the 28th day of May, 1858, a charter was granted or issued to said lodge, and on August nth following, the following named officers were duly installed under their charter: Daniel Conway, W. M.; Absalom Kerns, Sen. W.; Joab Shultz, Jun. W.; J. J. PuUins, Treas.; John Long, Secy; Silas Kerns, Sen. D.; L. D. Dowell, Jun. D.; Adam Kerns, Secy and Treas. Daniel Conway, Hugh McClintock and Absa- lom Kerns were charter officers. The following named have been W. Masters of this lodge : Daniel Conway, Absalom Kerns, Isham S. Talbot, John L. Stoneman, W. F. Forbis, Joseph Robinson, C. W. Benight, George W. Leftwich, George T. Black. The following named persons have been secretaries : John Long, Elijah McCrary, C. W. Benight, Joseph Evans, Joseph Robinson, Chesley Wyatt, W. F. Forbis, James B. Leftwich. Present officers : George T. Black, W. M.; George W. Leftwich, Sen. W.; Elan Rice, Jun. W.; L S. Talbot, Treas.; C. W. Benight, Secy.; Henry McCrary, Sen. D.; Wm. R. Evans, Jun. D.; Wm. M. Vassar, Tiler. Number of present membership, 23, as per last Grand Lodge report. BLOOMINGTON TOWNSHIP. The spacious building in which Derge & Hagenstein do business is owned by the Masonic and Odd Fellow orders. The second floor is used by Wellington Lodge No. 22, A. F. and A. M., chartered May 6, 1852, with W. C. Moore as W. M. ; William Howard, S. W. ; L. R. Ringo, J. W. ; A. C. Craig, Sec, and Holland Jones, Treasurer. The lodge is in a flourishing condition, having a membership of fifty-nine. Ringo Royal Arch Chapter, No. 6, chartered May 22, 1863, also meets in this hall. Its charter members were General John T. Martin, H. P., Dr. Samuel Goslee, King and Thomas J. Crumpacker, Scribe. It also accommodates the DeKalb Lodge No. 191, I. O. O. F., char- tered May 28, 1868, with the following officers : F. W,. Lee, N. G. ; Ulrich Schneider, V. G. ; W. A. Bowen, Sec, and William Best, Treas. 382 HISTORY OF BUCHANAN COUNTY. Aram Encampment No. 45, I. O. O. F., also meets here, and was instituted July 5, 1869, with Ulrich Schneider, C. P. ; W. H. Bowen, H. P. ; John Rivett, S. W. ; J. P. Gant, J. W. ; T. J. Crumpacker, Scribe, and John C. Moore, Treasurer. Present membership, thirteen. RUSH TOWNSHIP. Rushville J-odge, No. 238, A. F. and A. M., chartered in 1865, and Odd Fellow's Lodge, No. 227, chartered in 1871, are both said to be in a flourishing condition. CRAWFORD TOWNSHIP. Birming Lodge, No. 150, A. F. and A. M., chartered May 22nd, 1858, with the following officers : Charles S. Crow, W. M.; William Willis, S. W.; Hiram W. Harper, J. W. The present officers (1881) are S. J. Har- per, W. M.; Samuel M. Mayes, S. W.; G. P. Clowser, J. W.; A. Turner, Treasurer ; John T. Chestnut, Secretary. Present membership, 39. Truth Lodge, No. 216, L O. O. -F., chartered September, 18, 1869, with the following officers : E. M. Yates, N. G. ; J. F. Call, V. G. ; G, W. Murphy, R. Sec. ; T. R. Smith, P. Sec. ; J. M. Cauley, Treasurer ; J. W. Mattucks, Chaplain ; H. R. Yates, Warden ; J. H. Combs, Con- ductor ; D. Hall, R. S. to N. G. ; D. W. Clowser, L. S. ; W. B. Tullar, R. S. Sup. ; R. H. Faucet, L. S. Sup. ; J. Walker, R. S. to V. G. ; R. H. Thomas, L. S. to V. G. ; J. R. James, I. G. ; W. E. Curl, O. G. Present membership, 24. Own one-third of lodge room. Decem- ber 4, 1873, lodge was destroyed by fire; records, cha,rter, &c., burned up; was fully insured. AGENCY TOWNSHIP. Agency Lodge, No. 10, A. F. and A. M. This lodge was chartered June 2, 1866, by authority of the Grand Lodge of Missouri. John D. Vincil, Grand Master. The following officers were installed when the lodge was organized : W. B. Smith, W. M.; Isaac Lower, S. W.; J. W. Richie, J. W.; M. W. Ferris, Secretary; E. M. Yates, Treasurer. Mem- bership at organization, about thirteen. May 25, 1870, lodge hall, records and everything was destroyed by fire. Have a membership of twenty- eight now, and in a prosperous condition. The highest number at any time, was about eighty ; membership reduced by brothers moving away. Have rented hall 22x40 feet, with complete outfit. Agency Royal Arch Chapter, formerly an important branch of the order here, has lost its existence. Agency Lodge, No. 241, 1. O. O. F., also holds its session in this hall. It was instituted May 20, 1878, by order of C. H. Mansur, presiding officer of the Grand Lodge of Missouri. James M. Powell, N. G.; Wra. B. Smith, V. G. ; E. M. Yates, Secretary. HISTORY OF BUCHANAN COUNTY. 383 JACKSON TOWNSHIP. Rowley Lodge, No. 204, A. F. and A. M., was chartered October 19, 1867, with Cyrus Grable, W. M.; James Wright, S. W.; and J. W. Staf- ford, J. W. P. L. Wheeler was the first Secretary. The present officers of this lodge are: B. C. Stafford, W.M.; John C.Tays.S. W.; John Hig- gins, J. W.; J. W. Wilkerson, Secretary; J. Boyd, Treasurer; Albert Freeman, S. D.; Enoch Grable, J. D.; Joseph Grable, Tyler. History of St. Joseph. CHAPTER I. INTRODUCTORY. HOW ANCIENT CITIES WERE FOUNDED AND BUILT— THE CONSIDERATIONS DETERMIN- ING THEIR LOCATION— HOW MODERN CITIES ARE BUILT, AND THE CONSIDERA- TIONS DETERMINING THEIR LOCATION— AMERICAN CITIES, HOW LOCATED AND HOW BUILT— WESTERN CITIES— THE IMPORTANCE OF TRANSPORTATION FACILI- TIES-THE PEOPLE WHO DETERMINE THE LOCATION, AND WHY— "MOTION FOL- LOWS THE LINE OF LEAST RESISTANCE." The first efforts of mankind to build cities ante-dates history, hence nothing very definite concerning the circumstances and methods is or can be known ; but in the earlier ages of the historic era, when the race was divided into comparatively small and warring factions, and afterward, when these factions grew to be powerful, but not less warlike nations, cities were 'located by kings and conquerors, and built by the people under their immediate supervision and direction. In these warlike ages, a site for a city was determined mainly by the advantages of the defense of the spot of ground selected, though the contiguity of fertile and pastoral country seems not to have been entirely ignored ; hence cities built in those ages were at once the capital and fortress of the king, while immediately surrounding it was a country susceptible of supporting his subjects. No regard seems to have been had, however, to facilities for transportation, not even so much as would facilitate military operations, while trade, which consisted chiefly of exchange between the people of the town and the adjacent domain, was entirely ignored. Exchanges between people of different dominions existed only as pillage. In later periods, however, the conquering of one people by another, the combination of different cities under the same power, and the necessities of military operations, seem to have caused more atten- 386 HISTORY OF ST. JOSEPH. tion to be given, to transportation facilities in the location of cities. This was after the adoption of methods for utilizing the large streams and the inland seas, and the erection of cities after that time, seems to have been determined by the three principles of defensibility, contiguity of productive country, and facilities for water transportation, and hence were usually located on large rivers or arms of the sea. At least it was cities so located that in this period were most prosperous and became most famous. These features continued to be the ruling factors in the selection of the location of cities, until after the American revolution. The cities of the United States built before that time, were founded, not directly by royai hands, but by those holding royal patents for that purpose, and the same features seem to have been observed by them as were regarded by kings and conquerors for many previous ages in the Old World. BUILDING CITIES IN AMERICA. Since the revolution, however, cities have ceased to be founded in the United States by authority ; the people have done it themselves, without supervision or interference from government. The sites have been selected by individuals or companies, the grounds staked off, and the lots offered for sale. This done, the balance rested with the people, and, though the number of cities founded in this country west of the Alleghany Mountains is almost infinite, each of which was expected by its founders rapidly to become a great emporium, the people have built but few. The popular choice among the many rivals that have pre- sented themselves in every section has been determined by principles as well ascertained as those of old, and as easy of definition. CONSIDERATION OF TRANSPORTATION FACILITIES. Defensibility has ceased to be a consideration, for in the interior of the United States we have had no foe that made it necessary. Con- tiguity to fertile country can scarcely be said to have exerted an influ- ence, for this country is all fertile. Facilities for transportation, how- ever, have exerted a very great and controlling influence. Having never been a war-like people, and having a country of wonderful and varied productiveness, the Americans are, of necessity, a producing and trading people. The chief consideration to such a people is transportation, and the city or the proposed city, possessing this feature in the highest degree, be it wagon roads, watercourses with keel or steamboats, or railroads, will be most prosperous ; and the one that by such means, each in its age, has accommodated the country farthest into the interior, has com- manded the widest extent of trade. The history of interior cities is but HISTORY OF ST. JOSEPH. 387 a history of the development of transportation in its different forms. Where we find that a place now almost obsolete was once more promis- ing than its rivals, we will likely find that it had the best transportation of the kind then employed, but that in some subsequent phase some rival took the advantage and the lead. BY WHOM WESTERN CITIES WERE LOCATED. The importance of facilities for transportation in determining the location and prosperity of cities, cannot be better indicated than by a brief reference to the character, vocation and habits of the class of men who determined the locations of all our important western cities, though they did not actually build any of them. We refer to the pioneer traders, trappers and hunters who preceded the march of civilization from the Atlantic Coast — a class now rapidly disappearing into tradition and his- tory, because the wilderness and the wild animals they loved to chase are gone, and the red men, their companions, associates and foes, are rapidly going. Daniel Boone was the type of the American element in this class, and also of the hunters who constituted a part of it ; but the most of them appear to have been of French origin or descent. They were divided into three distinct classes — hunters and trappers, traders and "voyageurs. This latter class were always in the employ of the traders, and it was their business to propel the water craft which the traders ■employed in transportation. The hunters and trappers were sometimes independent and sometimes in the employ of the traders. They pene- trated far into the wilds and explored the unknown regions. They were the true pioneers. The furs and skins procured by them were sold to the' traders, or procured for them. The traders, originally independent, but subsequently under the direction of the great fur companies, estab- lished posts far into the interior of the wilderness, to which they trans- ported articles suitable for traffic with the Indians, and such supplies as hunters and trappers wanted, and at which they purchased robes, skins and furs, which they transported back to the borders of civilization. Irving's "Astoria," and "Booneville" give an excellent history of this trade, which, about the beginning of the present century, was immense, and extended all over the uninhabited parts of North America. The men engaged in it were a brave, adventurous class, for whom the wil- derness and association with wild animals and wild men possessed more charms than- civilization. With a few articles of traffic, a gun, and per- haps a few tools for constructing traps, they pushed their way hundreds and even thousands of miles into the untrodden wilderness, not knowing what moment they might fall in with some unknown ferocious animal, or some band of hostile savages. They put their canoes and rafts into streams and followed their course, not knowing to what falls or dangers 388 HISTORY OF ST. JOSEPH. they might lead. Their lives were a perpetual vigil, and they may be said to have lived with their finger on the trigger. In the beginning, they confined their excursions to a limited territory where the valuable fur animals were to be found. Here they spent their winters in solitude, and in the spring went with the proceeds of their trapping to a trading post where they were disposed of and new supplies purchased, when they were off again into the solitude for another year. Subsequently they became the employes or agents of the fur companies,, by whom expeditions of great magnitude and extended explorations were under- taken. The traders were mostly French, and as they employed trappers as well as traded with them and the Indians, and as the fur animals were chiefly found along streams, their posts were usually located on them or near their confluence. The latter were deemed the most desirable locations, as they gave access to larger districts of country by keel boats and pirogues, and hence more easily commanded a larger trade. Their only means of transportation was packing on their own backs, or on the backs of horses, and light water craft which could be propelled in the river with pikes. The American and British governments have always maintained military posts on the frontier, for the protection of advancing settlement, yet they have never led, but always followed these men ; and military men in scientifically determining the strategic advantages of locations for posts have always found the judgment of these pioneers unerring as to the points that held best command of the adjacent country-,, and have located their posts in the vicinity of the traders and where substantially the same advantages were secured. The principle underlying these facts — underlying the law of trans- portation itself — is the long since observed universal physical law that "motion follows the line of least resistance." The movements of com- munities, classes and individuals whether in commercial, industrial, mil- itary or social efforts, no less than of physical-bodies, obey this universal law. All effort employs the methods, and follows the lines that most facilitate the attainments of its object, which is but another form of ex- pression of the law that "motion follows the line of least resistance." CHAPTER II. EARLY EXPEDITIONS AND SETTLEMENTS. THE FUR COMPANIES— THE FIRST SETTLEMENT AT BLACKSNAKE HILLS— ROBIDOUX' PORTRAIT— HIS LITHOGRAPH-BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCH— LOCATES AT CHICAGO- THEN AT THE BLUFFS— THEN AT ROY'S BRANCH AND BLACKSNAKE HILLS-1834- 1836-ROBIDOUX" HOME— EMPLOYES-SERVANT— FERRY— FROM 1837 TO 1840-RIVAL TOWNS— MISSION OF THREE GENTLEMEN— WOLVES. The French element of the class of pioneers referred to in the pre- ceding chapter, settled Canada and the Northwestern part of the United States, as well as the country about the mouth of the Mississippi River.. They came into the upper Mississippi and Missouri Valleys in 1764, under the lead of Pierre Laclede Liguest, (always called Laclede), who held a charter from the French Government, giving him the exclusive right to trade with the Indians in all the country as far north as St. Peters River. Laclede brought part of his colony from France, and received large accessions to it in New Orleans, mainly of hunters and trappers, who had had experience with the Indians. Jn the year 1764,. this colony established itself on the west bank of the Mississippi River, and founded the present City of St. Louis. From this point they imme- diately began their trading and trapping incursions into the then unbroken wilderness in their front. Their method of proceeding seems- to have been to penetrate into the interior and establish small local posts for trading with the Indians, whence the trappers and hunters were outfitted and sent out into the adjacent woods. These local posts were many of them independent, but usually they were under the general management of parties in St. Louis. ' In this way, the country west and northwest of St. Louis was tra- versed and explored by these people, at a very early day, as far west as the Rocky Mountains. But of the extent of their operations but little- has been recorded ; hence but little is known of the posts established by them. It is known, however, that such posts were established at a very early day, on the Chariton and Grand Rivers, in Missouri, and at Cote Sans Dessein, in Calloway County. THE FUR COMPANIES. The increase of the volume of any business and of the amount of capital employed in it, naturally leads to more extended operations and 390 HISTORY OF ST. JOSEPH. more systematic methods. It gives rise also to a tendency to concen- trate into fewer hands. This was true of the fur and Indian trade as well as of all others. In 1787 this universal tendency of business to concen- trate led to an abandonment, to a large extent, in Canada, of the simple individual methods above described, and the organization of the North- west Fur Company at Montreal. John Jacob Astor, of New York, having been for some time interested in the fur trade with others, began busi- ness for himself in 1807, and in 1809 organized the American Fur Com- pany. The year before this event, that is 1808, twelve persons, among whom were Pierre and Auguste Chouteau, residing at St. Louis, gave sys- tematic shape to the trade of the Missouri valley, by the organization of the Missouri Fur Company, of which Manuel Lisa, a Spaniard, was the leader. Sometime previous to this the Mackinaw Company was organ- ized in the northwest, in the region of the lakes. About 1809 or 18 10 the Missouri, American and Northwestern companies began to push their expeditions across the Rocky Mountains, about the headwaters of the ■Missouri and Columbia Rivers, with a view of establishing a chain of posts across the continent, and they thus became strong rivals. They made one expedition each and effected the desired lodgment, but, owing to the unfortunate killing of a Blackfoot chief, there arose a hostility on the part of those Indians which drove out the American and Missouri companies. At this time there was another more northern company operating in the northwest, known as the Hudson Bay Company. In 18 10 Mr. Astor organized the Pacific Fur Company and undertook the Astoria enter- prise, of which Washington Irving has written such an excellent history. In 181 1 the Mackinaw Company was bought out by the American and Northwestern Companies, jointly, and its territory and effects divided between them. This year the American Company sent a second expe- dition up the Missouri River under the charge of Wilson P. Hunt, who was closely followed and strongly opposed by a second expedition of the Missouri Company, under Manuel Lisa. During the war of 18 12, the Astoria enterprise failed, and it was some years before the American Company again attempted extended operations in the far northwest. In 18 13, the Missouri Fur Company was merged into the American, and in 1819 a branch house of the latter was established in St. Louis, under the general direction of Samuel Abbott. The Chouteaus and others who had been connected with the old Missouri Company, then became connected with it. Pierre Chouteau, eldest son of Pierre Chou- teau, who came from France, was quite prominent in its operations, and his brother, Francois Chouteau, was also connected with it. This com- pany having inherited the posts and trade of the Missouri Company, occupied the territory included in Missouri, Kansas and Nebraska, and extended also into Arkansas and the Indian Territory, although there were HISTORY OF ST. JOSEPH. 39I still a number of independent traders in this territory. After the absorp- tion of the Missouri Company, the American Company began to make great efforts to monopolize the trade of the southwest by rooting out the independent traders. In pursuance of this, Francois Chouteau was sent into the country to establish posts and to bring the local traders into subordination to the company. At what time he first entered upon this work is unknown, but he was thus engaged for several years. Among the posts thus established by him, was one on the Kaw River about twenty miles from its mouth, known as the "Four Houses," and one at the "Bluffs," the present site of Council Bluffs and at other points on the Missouri River, including one at Roy's Branch above Blacksnake Hills, about the year 1826. Having followed the Fur Companies from the date of their settle- ment in St. Louis, to the year 1826, at which time they established a post at "Roy's Branch," near the site of the "Blacksnake Hills," we shall now speak of the man who founded the city of St. Joseph, and give of him a brief biographical sketch. Preliminary, however, to this sketch, we shall first refer to Mr. Robidoux' portrait and his lithograph. HIS PORTRAIT. The stranger, when entering the postoffice in St. Joseph, will now, (188 1,) see on the west wall of the building, artistically arranged in par- allel rows, several hundred photographs of the early and prominent cit- izens of the town. About midway, but above the photographs, hangs the portrait of Joseph Robidoux. It was painted when the original was sixty-two years of age. It, however, represents a much younger look- ing man ; one who has scarcely passed the meridian of life. Mr. Robidoux, neatly attired in a suit of black, is pleasantly seated in a chair, one arm lightly resting upon a table, while near it lies his white fur hat. In his hand, he holds quite naturally his cane ; his head is slightly inclined forward ; his hair, to the right of his temple, is tinged with grey ; his face is rather full ; his eyes large, prominent and dark, and arched with jet-black eyebrows, while above them is a smooth, high forehead. His mouth is not. large, nose rather short, straight,, and broad at the end. On the whole, there is in the facial expression much of thp bonvivant, and much of that genial disposition, which are said to have characterized him through life. There is also in the expression of the eyes and coun- tenance, as they kindly beam upon you, the indications of a benevolent heart. "He had a tear fjr pity, and a hand Open as day for melting charity." 392 HISTORY OF ST. JOSEPH. HIS LITHOGRAPH. The frontispiece of this work is a lithographic cut of Mr. Robidoux^ taken from a photograph some twenty years later, when he had numbered his four-score years. The face, somewhat broader and shorter than that in the portrait, has grown older ; the furrowed lines showing that time has left thereon its imprint. Indeed, the transformation, which twenty additionaF years have wrought in his physiognomy, is so great, that we can scarcely recognize in the lithograph the more youthfully appearing and tastefully dressed gfentleman who looks down so pleasantly from the portrait. HIS BIOGRAPHY. Joseph Robidoux, the son of Joseph and Catharine Robidoux, was born in St. Louis, August loth, 1783. He was the eldest of a family, consisting of six sons and one daughter, to wit : Joseph, Antoine, Isadore, Francis, Michel and Palagie. Louis, the second son, lived and died in California, after his removal from St. Louis. Joseph, Antoine, Isadore and Francis were all buried in St. Joseph. Joseph, the father of this family, was a Canadian Frenchman, and came from Montreal, Canada, to St. Louis, where he located shortly after the settlement of that city by the French. Being a shrewd business man, and possessing great energy, he accu- mulated a fortune. His wealth, his business qualifications, and his genial disposition made him many friends among the leading merchants and influential men of that city. He occupied a large mansion, located between Walnut and Elm Streets, surrounded with every comfort and convenience. Here he entertained his friends in a royal style, and so noted was his hospitality that the First General Assembly of Missouri did him the honor of holding its first session at his house, on the 7th of December, 1812. His children attended school at an early age, the best then to be found in the city of St. Louis, where they remained till the completion of their scientific and literary courses. Joseph, the eldest of the boys, when only eighteen years of age, married Eugenie Delslille, the daughter of a wealthy gentleman of St. Louis. By this union they had one child, Joseph E. Robidoux, who is still living near White Cloud, Kansas, at the advanced age of seventy-two years. Four years after his marriage, his wife died. After her death, young Robidoux, then in the twenty-third year of his age, became an extensive traveler, first visiting New Orleans, and different points on the Lower HISTORY OF ST. JOSEPH. 393 Mississippi, in search of a favorable location for a trading post. Find- ing none that offered the advantages desired by him on the Mississippi River, he finally located on the present site of the city of Chicago, where he was plundered and robbed by the Indians, of his goods and merchandise, within a few days after, his arrival there. He returned again to St. Louis, and soon thereafter made a voyage up the Missouri River, in company with one of the partners of the American Fur Company. ' " Blacksnake Hills " had been seen by some of the men connected with the fur companies, while en route on one of their expeditions, their attention being attracted hither by not only the topography of the country, but by the presence of the congregated tribes of the Sac, Fox and Iowa Indians, who assembled here en masse at stated seasons of the year preparatory to crossing the river, either on a visit to other tribes farther west, or for the purpose of hunting. Seeing the Indians here in large numbers, while on their journey at this time, they debarked, and after looking at the point and its advan- tages as a probable future trading post, they proceeded on their way to Council Bluffs, Iowa, the original place of their destination. .The Bluffs at that time constituted the most important trading post on the Missouri River, being the headquarters of the Otoe, Pawnee, Omaha, Punka and other Indian tribes, nunibering about forty thousand. Being favorably impressed with the "Bluffs" as a trading post, Mr. Robidoux returned to St. Louis and purchased a stock of goods, which he transported up the Missouri by a keel boat, arriving at the " Bluffs ' in the fall of 1809. Here he remained for thirteen years, supplying the Indians with goods, and taking in exchange therefor money, peltries and such other commodities as they had to barter, in the meantime making occasional visits to St. Louis. While residing at the "Bluffs" in 1813, he married Angelique Vandry, another lady of St. Louis, who died in the City of St. Joseph on the 17th of January, 1857. By this union they had six sons and one daughter — Faraon, Julius C, Francis B., Felix, Edmond, Charles and Mrs. S. P. Beauvis, Charles being the youngest. Of the above named, all are dead excepting Edmond and Mrs. Beauvis, the former residing in St. Joseph and the latter in St. Louis. , Readily adapting himself to the habits, manners and customs of the Indians, and speaking with considerable fluency the dialects of the tribes by whom he was surrounded, Mr. Robidoux became an expert Indian trader. The American Fur Company were also in business at the "Bluffs,'' and had had a monopoly of the entire Indian trade for some time pre- 394 HISTORY OF ST. JOSEPH. viously to Mr. Robidoux' locating there. But a short time, however, passed after his arrival before he began to divide the trade, and finally became so popular with the Indians that he controlled a large portion of this trade, to the great detriment of the Fur Company. The company, wishing no further opposition from Mr. Robidoux, finally purchased his stock of goods, giving him' fifty per cent, on the original cost, and in addition thereto the sum of one thousand dollars annually for a period of three years, conditioned that he would leave the " Bluffs." He then returned to St. Louis, where he remained with his family, and carried on the business of a baker and confectioner, until the expir- ation of the thre? years, the time agreed upon between himself and the Fur Company. Having spent already many years of his life among the Indians as a fur trader, a business, if not entirely congenial to his taste, had at least been a profitable one, he concluded to embark once more in the same pursuit. Not that he really wished — " — for a lodge in some vast wilderness — Some boundless contiguity of space," but that he might reap therefrom a golden harvest . Making known his intention to the Fur Company, it at once offered him the post at the mouth of " Roy's Branch," just above the " Blacksnake Hills," at a salary of eighteen hundred dollars per year, provided he would in no wise inter- fere with the business at the " Bluffs." This proposition he accepted, and having been furnished with a stock of goods, he landed at the mouth of "Roy's Branch," in the fall of 1826. Shortly afterward he removed to the mouth of "Blacksnake Creek," where he continued to work for the Fur Company until 1830, at which time he purchased their entire interest in the goods then in his possession, and became the sole proprietor of the post at "Blacksnake Hills." ' To one living in this, the last half of the nineteenth century, sur- rounded with the blessings of civilization, the comforts of home and the companionship of genial friends, such a venture as that of Mr. Robidoux, would be fraught with too many dangers, difficulties and privations to be undertaken single-handed and alone. The desert waste, the forest gloom, and the contiguity of savage Indians, seemed to have possessed, however, no terrors for the solitary and undaunted Frenchman, who, fifty-two years ago, pitched his tent upon the present town site of St. Joseph. He came not as a pioneer, conscious of the future populous and thrifty city, nor as a missionary to minister to the spiritual wants of the red man, but like thousands of others, before and after him, he came, seeking new and broader fields of labor, wherein, by honest toil and HISTORY OF ST. JOSEPH. 395 industry, he could the more successfully increase his own store and provide a competency for, old age. What inust have been the nature of his lonely musings during the long and weary years of his isolation from early friends and associates, it is difficult to imagine. , Suffice it to say, with a fortitude unsurpassed, and a tenacity of purpose which knew no defeat, he patiently bided his his time, never dreaming in the early years of his voluntary exilement, that he was destined to be the founder of a populous and prosperous city. For many years, the solitary log cabin of Joseph Robidoux was the only evidence of the presence of civilized man within a radius of fifty miles. Time rolled on. With every puffing steamer; that ascended the turbid waters of the Missouri, came the emigrant and the adventurer, seeking homes in the wilds of the far west. Embryo settlements had been made along the banks of the great river in Jackson, Clay and other counties. Northwestern Missouri, including what was afterwards known as the "Platte Purchase," had been seen by the emigrant. Favorable reports had been made of its great beauty, its rich prairies, its fertile valleys, its bountiful supply of timber, and of its perennial springs and numerous water courses. A few families from Franklin County, Missouri, consisting of Thomas and Henry SoUers, Elisha Gladden, Jane Purget and a few others, ven- tured hither between 1834 and [836, and located near the post. One of these pioneers who came in 1834, was immediately employed by Mr. Robidoux. robidoux' home. The only building that stood upon the present town site of St. Joseph, at that time, was the log house of Joseph Robidoux. It occu- pied the spot where the Occidental Hotel now stands — on the northwest corner of Jule and Second Streets, and was a building of considerable magnitude. It stood east and west, was a story and a-half high, and contained nine rooms, three of which were above and six below. A cov- ered porch was built on the south side, extending the entire length of the building. On the north side was a shed, divided into three rooms. The west room of this shed was used- by Mr. Robidoux as his sleeping apartment. His store-room was the middle room of the main building, the entrance to which was through a door at the east end, first passing through an outer room to reach it. He had in his employ at the time, fifteen or twenty men who were French. These men were regularly sent east on mules toward Grand River, or west beyond the Missouri, for the purpose of trading with the Indians and bringing in furs. 396 HISTORY OF ST. JOSEPH. He owned an old colored servant who not only possessed a French name (Poulite) but who could speak the French tongue, having been raised among that nationality in St. Louis. This old man. attended to the culinary affairs at the post. ; Mr. Robidoux operated a private ferry just below Francis Street, for crossing the Indians and those who were in his employ. The cross- ing generally was done in canoes, and\occasionally in Mackinaw boats. The road leading from the ferry on the other side of the river led to Highland, Kansas, or to the Indian Mission, which was established after the removal of the Indians. The road from the ferry on this side, passed below the Patee House, and crossed at Agency Ford, where it divided, one branch of which leading to Liberty, Clay County, and the other in the direction of Grand River. The next house ^log), erected at Blacksnake Hills, was built in March, 1836, and occupied by Thomas SoUers, east of Finger's packing house, for Mr. Robidoux, who wished to take up another additional quar- ter section of land, for about this period he began to think that Black- snake Hills would develop into something greater than a mere trading post, for the convenience of the non-progressive and half civilized Indian. No other improvements of a special character were made until the fol- lowing year. The small colony remained in staUi quo, enduring the hardships and ^privations incident to pioneer life, but looking forward to the speedy dawn of a brighter day. FROM 1837 TO 1840. The treaty for the "Platte Purchase'' had been negotiated, the Indians removed, the country opened to settlement, and hundreds of emigrants were flocking hither, locating in the interior and at different points along the Missouri. The small colony at "Blacksnake Hills" was increased in number by the arrival of F. W. Smith, Joseph Gladden, Polly Dehard, Samuel Hull, John Freeman, Charles Zangenett, Father John Patchen, Captain James B. O'Toole, Judge Wm. C. Toole, William Fowler, Edwin Toole and others. RIVAL TOWNS. Between the years above named, the country settled rapidly, and one of several localities in or near the Missouri River, it was thought, would take precedence of all the other settlements, and become the chief town in this portion of the state. The respective aspirants for future greatness were : "Blacksnake Hills," White Cloud, Savannah, Amazonia, ■ Boston and Elizabethtown, all north of St. Joseph, some eight or ten miles, and within a radius of five miles. HISTORY OF ST. JOSEPH. 397 So confident were some of the business men living in Clay and Clinton Counties that some one of the last mentioned towns would be the future emporium of the "Platte Purchase," that they not only pur- chased land, but in one or two instances laid off towns and opened busi- ness houses. John W. Samuels and Robert Elliott began business at White Cloud, or what was known as " Hackberry Ridge." G. W. Sam- uels, now of St. Joseph, built a warehouse at Elizabethtown, where he bought and sold hemp. Amazonia was expected to be the county-seat of Andrew County. Charles Caples, concluding that the quarter-section east and adjoining .Amazonia, would be a more elligible spot for the building of a great city, laid it off into lots and gave it the name of Boston. These places, excepting Savannah, are numbered with the things of the past, and live only in the memories of the men whose pluck and energy gave them a name and brief existence. Alas ! how true : " The best laid plans of mice and men Gang aft aglee." MISSION OF THREE GENTLEMEN. In the fall of 1839, three gentlemen left the town of Independence, Jackson County, Missouri, destined for " Blacksnake Hills," on a mission of business. The " Platte Purchase ' had been opened to white settlers for two years. Being one of the most fertile regions of the state, and lying upon its western border, the far-seeing and sharp-sighted business men of that day supposed that some one of the small settlements on the banks of the Missouri River would eventually develop into a great and prosperous city. Tours of inspection had been made, the advantages of geographical location had been duly considered, and it was finally concluded by the parties above referred to, that " Blacksnake Hills " offered superior inducements as a future mart for trade, as a starting point to the great unsettled country westward, to any other settled or prospective town on the river. So believing, they determined, if possible, to purchase the town site of " Blacksnake Hills." To this end one of these gentlemen had corre- sponded with the proprietor in reference to the terms, and so confident were they of the success of their mission that they had prepared a map of the future town, and could doubtless see, in imagination, the already . risen city, with its superb blocks and valuable corner lots. The sum agreed upon was sixteen hundred dollars in silver. This they securely fastened in shot-bags, placed it in saddle-wallets, and, being well mounted, they wended their tortuous way through the wilds of Clay, Clinton and Buchanan Counties, sometimes abreast, oftener in 39^ HISTORY OF ST. JOSEPH. single file, finally reaching " Blacksnake Hills " in the afternoon of the second day of their departure. Going to Mr. Robidoux' house (there being no other where the^ wants of man or beast could be supplied,) they gladly " Entered hU hospitable gate Unbarred to all," where they found rough, though substantial, fare, and lodging for the- night. After supper the object of their coming was fully and pleasantly discussed, and nothing remained to complete the bargain but the pay-^ ment of the money, which could be done the next morning. Had they remembered the old aphorism, " Procrastination is the thief of time," they would have acted at once, for " Good is best when soonest wrought, Lingering labors come to naught." Being of a genial turn, and wishing to entertain his guests in the best manner possible, Mr. Robidoux proposed a social game of cards, which was participated in by the parties until bedtime. Just, however, before they ceased playing, a slight misunderstanding arose between Mr. Robidoux and one of his guests, in reference to the game, which finally resulted, for a moment, in a spirited altercation. "Dissensions, like small streams, are first begun; Scarce seen they rise, but gather as they run." Mr. Robidoux reverted to the trade, which was supposed to have been consummated in the early part of the evening, and declined to make any further arrangements in reference thereto, and, so determined was he in his purpose, that all attempts at a renewal of the negotiations, upon the following morning, by his guests, were hopelessly abandoned. Thus, unexpectedly to them, terminated an enterprise, which, had it been successful, would have told more rapidly upon the destiny of St, Joseph, and would, perhaps, have given the town a much earlier start in the race to wealth and commercial importance. WOLVES. In 1839, shortly after the arrival of Judge Toole in the county, he came to the "Blacksnake Hills" one afternoon, horseback, and while passing along, near the present site of the Pacific House, he saw a large gray wolf, which he chased into the bottom, about where the first round- house now stands. In fact, the wolves were so numerous at that time in and about the "Blacksnake Hills" and their howls were so loud and incessant, that to sleep at times was utterly impossible. Often at mid- night, all HISTORY OF ST. JOSEPH. 399 •' At once there rose so wild a yell, Within 'chat dark and narrow dell, As all the fiends from heaven that fell, ' Had pealed the banner cry of hell . " At such times the whole air seemed to be filled with the vibrations of their most infernal and diabolical music. The wolf was not only a midnight prowler here, but was seen in the daytime, singly or in packs, warily skulking upon the outskirts of a thicket, or sallying cautiously along the open path, with a sneaking look of mingled cowardice and cruelty. REMINISCENSES. The first white male child born at "Blacksnake Hills" was Thomas B, Sellers, born in 1837. The first white female child was the daughter of Polly and Henry Sollers, born in 1838, in a small hut east of the pres- ent site of the Occidental Hotel. The first physician who came was Dr. Daniel G. Keedy, in 1838. Dr. Silas McDonald arrived about the same time in the county. ':f-''/Y^^I^(^^m )^ -'-'^^'^^ff*^'- CHAPTER III. FROM 1840 TO 1843. ARRIVAL OF SETTLERS— SMALL BEGINNING-FOUR THOUSAND DOLLAR BURGLARY- AUDUBON— LAVING OFF THE TOWN— DECLARATION OF PROPRIETOR— CERTIFICATE — ACKNOWLEDGEM ENT— RESERVATION OF LOTS— STREETS— ADDITIONS-FIRST CON- VEYANCE. Between 1840 and 1843 there were many arrivals of citizens from Ohio, Indiana, Virginia, Kentucky, Tennessee, Eastern Missouri, and a few men representing some of the nationalities of the Old World — all had come to cast in their lots with the brave men who had just preceded them, and to help build up the town, the nucleus of which was here forming by the river's brink. Among these was Wm. P. Richardson, Simeon Kemper, Dr. D. Ben- ton, John Corby, Joseph C. Hull, Elias Perry, A. M. Saxton, Rev. T. S. Reeves, Isadore Pullen, Dr. Daniel G. Keedy, James W. Whitehead, Law- rence Archer, B. C. Powell, John D. Richardson, Jonathan Levy, L and J. Curd, Wm. H. Edgar, Robert J. Boyd, Thomas Mills, Joseph Davis, Joseph Fisher, Michael Miller, J. G. Kearns, James Highly, C. Carbry, David J. Heatofi, and others. About half of the above named parties are dead ; the other half still remain to enjoy the fruits and triumphs of their early struggles. IMPROVEMENTS. In 1841, Dr. Daniel G. Keedy erected a saw-mill in the bottom, north of the present fair grounds. At the same time, Joseph Robidoux built a flouring mill on the west side of Blacksnake Creek. A little later, another flouring mill was built by Creal and Wildbahn. John Girard was the miller. Still, a little later, the first tavern in the place was erected by Josiah Beattie, located between Main and Second streets. In this tavern the Rev. T. S. Reeves preached the first sermon that was delivered at "Black- snake Hills." In 1842, came Louis Picard, the first regular carpenter, and Wm. Langston, the first plasterer. About the same time came the Belcher brothers, who were the first brick-makers. HISTORY OF ST. JOSEPH. 40I During this year Jonathan Copeland built a warehouse near the cor- ner of Jule and Water Streets. Then came Jacob Mitchell, a worthy son of Vulcan, the ringing of whose anvil was heard by the villagers from " early morn until dewy eve." A FOUR THOUSAND DOLLAR BURGLARY. Having regard to facts and dates as they occur chronologically, we have now reached a period (1842) in this history, when there happened an incident which not only attracted the attention of the settlers at "Blacksnake Hills" and surrounding country, but furnished a theme for Conversation around their firesides for months afterward, and as the circumstances connected therewith are of an interesting character, we shall narrate them : In the summer of 1842, Mr. Robidoux received from the Sac and Fox Indians, the sum of four thousand dollars in silver^ in four different boxes, each box containing one thousand dollars. Mr. Robidoux had sold goods to these tribes to this amount, and when they were paid their annuity by the government, its agent turned over to him the sum above mentioned. ■ Having no safe, Mr. Robidoux placed the boxes containing the money on one of the lower shelves of his store, behind the counter, near a window. This window was secured at night by wooden shutters and fastened on the inside by a bolt. On the east side of One Hundred and Two River, lived at that time three families, bearing respectively the names of Spence, Scott and Davis. They were supposed to be counterfeiters, yet no one knew posi- tively that they had ever passed any spurious money. The Spence boys, whose given names were John, George, Monroe, Andy and James, were in the habit, in company with Scott and Davis, of visiting the Black- snake Hills almost daily, and while there would spend their time loung- ing about the solitary saloon, which stood upon the bottom, west of the Blacksnake Creek and at Mr. Robidoux' store. For some days previously to the occurrence which followed, it was noticed that one of the Spence boys would often place himself in a recumbent position on the counter, with his face turned towards thg shelf containing the boxes of money. Two or three nights afterward an entrance was effected through the window of which I have spoken, and the boxes with their contents were renloved. As soon as it was ascertained by Mr. Robidoux that his store had been burglarized and his money taken, immediate search was insti- tuted by his clerk, Mr. Poulin, and others who volunteered their assist- ance. Suspecting that the Spence boys knew all about the burglary, as well as the whereabouts of the missing treasure, they went in the direc- tion of their house. 402 HISTORY OF ST. JOSEPH. While en route and while crossing Blacksnake Creek, the party dis- covered a man's shoe, which had evidently been worn but once, as it was entirely new. The day before, three of the Spence boys had purchased shoes from Mr. Poulin, at Robidoux' store. He remembered that the shoes were of different numbers ; the smallest pair being number sixes. He knew also the style of shoe he had sold them, and recollected at their special request he had cut for them unusually long buckskin shoe strings. Upon examination he saw that the shoe, which was a number six, corresponded in style with those he had sold, and what was "con- firmation strong as proof of holy writ," there were the long buckskin strings which he had cut and fastened in the shoes. Mr. Poulin also distinctly recollected that the Spence boys, when they left the store the day before, carried their new shoes in their hands. He readily came to the conclusion from the silent yet significant testimony before him, that the Spence boys were in some manner connected with the burglary; that they had worn their new shoes upon the night which had just passed, and, having secured their booty, one of them had in his flight through the soft clay of the creek bottom,. lost one. Being thus encouraged, the party hastily pursued their way ,to the cabin where the Spences lived, surrounded it, and captured the Spence boys, as well as Davis and Scott. Davis and Scott were however released. The others were brought before Justice Mills, and upon a pre- liminary examination being held, they were discharged, there not being sufficient proof to bind them over for trial. Sixteen or eighteen citizens, some of whom are still living, feeling confident that the Spence boys, Davis and Scott, had committed the crime, met the next day, and proceeded in a body on horseback to Davis and Scott's residence, determined if they could, to bring the offenders to justice and restore the stolen money. In the meantime, after the preliminary trial, Mr. Robidoux had offered a reward of five hundred dollars for the capture and conviction of the parties who had taken his silver. Scott and Davis were taken and compelled to accompany the party of citizens, who, when about halfway- back to town, separated, the larger portion taking Davis on a hill and leaving Scott in the valley of the One Hundred and Two, in charge of Elisha Gladden, They took Davis out of Scott's sight, and just far enough away so that Scott could hear the firing of a pistol by the party on the hill. After halting they dismounted, and told Davis that he must tell them where Robidoux' money was, giving him to understand that if he refused they .would hang him. He strenuously denied all knowledge of the affair, and told them to "hang and be d — d." They placed a rope round his neck, threw one end of it over the limb of a tree, and swung him up, only intending, to frighten and make him confess to the whereabouts of the HISTORY OF ST. JOSEPH. 4O3 "money. After he had remained suspended for some minutes they let him down, and asked him to confess the crime. Davis being as bold and defiant as ever, they hung him again, this time almost taking his life. They again asked him to tell where the money was, when he again fefused in a fiendish, insolent manner, branding them with a profusion of the lowest epithets. Seeing that Davis would tell nothing, some one of the party shot off a pistol, (as previously arranged, if Davis did not con- fess), so that Scott could hear it, and at the same time two or three of them rushed down the hill where Scott was guarded, shouting that they had "killed Davis" and were now "going to kill Scott," One of these men held up his hand, which he had accidentally bruised coming down the hill, and which had some spots of blood on it, telling Scott, when Davis was shot, some of his blood had spurted on on his hand. Gladden, who was guarding Scott, said, when the concus- sion of the pistol was heard, " that Scott's face became as pallid as death," he supposing that his accomplice had been killed. They gave him to understand that they had disposed of Davis, and that if he did not tell them all about the money and the parties impli- cated in taking it, they would also dispose of him in a very summary manner, but promised that if he would give them this information, they would not only spare his life, but would supply him with money enough to take him out of the country. Believing what he had heard and seen to be true, and that the con- dition of things was such as had been represented, Scott asked some one present to give him a pencil and piece of paper. This being done, he wrote the names of all the parties concerned in the burglary, (the Spence' brothers, Davis and himself,) and led the way to where one of the boxes had been buried, near the banks of the One Hundred and Two. So ingenious had been their plan, and so careful had they been to conceal all the traces of their villainy, that while digging a hole, in which to deposit the money, they placed every particle of dirt in a box and emptied it into the stream, excepting enough to refill the hole after the money was put in. Having four thousand dollars, they dug four holes. They then divided a blanket into four pieces, took the money out of the boxes, wrapped each thousand dollars separately, buried it by itself, and then refilled the hole, covering it over with the same sod that they had taken up, and then burned the boxes. ■ Scott could only show them where the first thousand dollars was. He did not see them when they buried the other three thousand. They, however, found the first thousand. How or where to obtain the balance of the money they did not know. Scott could not tell, and Davis, they supposed, would not. They had tried threats and hanging with him, but without avail. 404 HISTORY OF ST. JOSEPH. In the meantime Davis was still in custody. They went to him and told him that Scott had confessed, and told him it would be better for him to make confession also. Scott told them that he knew nothing to reveal, and said that they were " lying " to him, when they said that Davis had confessed to anything. They answered that he had not only given them the names of the parties implicated (showing him the piece of paper in Scott's handwriting,) but that he had shown them where the first thousand dollars was buried. He still refused to say or believe any- thing. In order to convince him of the truth of what they said, they took him to the very spot from which they had taken the money, and the piece of blanket in which it had been wrapped. No longer doubting what he had seen and heard, he called for a drink of whisky, which was supplied by one of the men guarding him^ and after taking it, showed them where the balance of the money had been buried. To further prove that Davis and his pals were accomplished villains, and that they possessed a cunning ingenuity which would have been creditable to the pirates and freebooters of the last century, and which, in some respects, is not unlike the narrative of " Arthur Gordon Pym,". by the gifted Poe, it is only necessary to mention how he proceeded to show where and how to find the balance of the money. He stood at the edge of the hole whence the first thousand dollars was taken, and stepped ten paces south, and pointing his index finger toward his feet said, "here you will find a thousand dollars." He then led the way to a small log upon the ground, with a single knot on it, and pointing again, said, "immediately under this knot you will find another thousand." Going to the bank of the One Hundred and Two, in the sand^ near a willow tree, where a limb extended, the end of which had been broken off, but still hanging by the bark and pointing downward, he said, " here, under the point of this hanging limb you will find the last thou- sand dollars." The money was all recovered excepting twenty-seven dollars, and returned to Mr, Robidoux. Scott and Davis were both arrested. During the night Davis made his escape, and Scott was finally discharged on the ground of his having made confession and giving the names of the par- ties who had participated in the burglary. The Spence boys left the country after being informed that their further presence here was ob- noxious and could not be endured. AUDUBON. The great naturalist, Audubon, who not only appreciated the phys- ical attractions of the animal kingdom, but loved as well the beautiful and sublime in nature, while on his way to the Yellowstone, in May^ HISTORY OF ST, JOSEPH, - 405 1843, refers to the " Blacksnake Hills " as follows : "After grounding on sandbars, and contending against hard winds and currents, we reached the Blacksnake Hills settlement, which is a delightful site for a populous city. The hills are two hundred feet above the level of the river, and slope gently down on the opposite side, to the beautiful prairies that extend over thousands of acres of the richest land imaginable." ST. JOSEPH LAID OUT. In June, 1843, Mr. Robidoux laid out the original town, the site of which was covered with a luxuriant growth of hemp. Simeon Kemper acted as surveyor in this important undertaking, and Elisha Gladden as chain bearer. Two maps of the town were made, one by F. W. Smith, and the other by Simeon Kemper, bearing respectively the names of "Robidoux" and "St. Joseph," in honor of its founder. The map drawn by Mr. Smith was selected by Mr. Robidoux, and the more civilized and felicitous appellative of St. Joseph was substituted for that of Blacksnake Hills. This map was taken to St. Louis, where Mr. Robidoux acknowl- edged it, in the office of the Clerk of the Court of Common Pleas (Nathaniel Paschall, who has since been one of the editors of the St. Louis Republican, being the clerk at the time), and, after having it beau- tifully lithographed, returned to St. Joseph. His declaration and certificate of acknowledgment are as follows : "DECLARATION OF PROPRIETOR. I, Joseph Robidoux, of the County of Buchanan and the State of Missouri, do hereby declare that I am the proprietor and owner of a certain town named St. Joseph, located upon the southwest fractional quarter of section 8, township 57 north, range 35 west, of the fifth principal meridian, and that I have laid off the same into lots and blocks, bounded by streets and alleys, and a levee or landing on the front, which streets and alleys are of the width set forth upon this plat, and the lots and blocks are of the dimensions and numbers "as are indicated upon said plat ; and the course of said streets and the extent of said lots, blocks and town are correctly set forth upon this plat of the same, which waS' made by my authority and under my direction. And I do hereby give, grant, allot and convey, for public uses, all the streets and alleys, by the names and of the width and extent that are set forth upon said plat. And I hereby declare this dedication to be made by me, this, the 26th day of July, eighteen hundred and forty-three, to be binding upon me, my heirs and assigns forever." JH. ROBIDOUX. [SEAL.] CERTIFICATE OF PROPRIETOR'S ACKNOWLEDGEMENT. STATE OF MISSOURI, | County of St. Louis. j ^^' "Be it remembered that on this 26th day of July, eighteen hundred and forty-three, before me the undersigned, Clerk of the St. Louis Court 406 HISTORY OF ST. JOSEPH. -of Common Pleas, within and for said county, came Joseph Robidoux, who is personally known to me to be the same person whose name is ■subscribed to the above plat, as having executed the said plat, and who acknowledged to me that he executed said plat for the purposes therein named. In testimony whereof, I have set my hand and affixed the seal of said court at office in the City of St. Louis and State aforesaid, 26th day of July, eighteen hundred and forty-three. NATHANIEL PASCHALL, Clerk. By STEPHEN D. BARLOW, Deputy. ■ BLOCKS AND LOTS DONATED. The west half of block thirty-one was reserved on the map as a market square ; the west half of block fifty was donated for a public ■church ; the northwest quarter of block thirty-eight for a public school, .and the south quarter of the same block for a Catholic church. These lots were immediately put upon the market, even before the title to them was complete. This was perfected in 1844, at which time a United States Land Office was located at Plattsburg, Missouri. The uniform price of corner lots was one hundred and fifty dollars, and inside lots one hundred dollars. As rapidly as sale could be made the money was applied in payment of a mortgage, held by Pierre Chou- teau, Jr., of St. Louis, upon the land embracing the town site, amounting to six thousand, three hundred and seventy-two dollars and fifty-seven ■cents. The town, as then laid off, included all the territory lying between Robidoux Street on the north and Messanie Street on the south, and between Sixth Street on the east and the Missouri River on the west, and ■contained sixty-four blocks, twelve of which are fractional. Each whole block is 240 by 300 feet, bisected by an alley and containing twelve lots. The streets are governed by the cardinal points of the compass ; those running back from the river in the " Original Town," extending aorth and south, are Water, Levee, Main (or First,) Second, Third, Fourth, Fifth and Sixth ; those running at right angles, commencing on the par- allel of the north line, are Isadore, Robidoux, Faraon, Jules, Francis. Felix, Edmond, Charles, Sylvanie, Angelique, Messanie. These names are derived from members of Mr. Robidoux' family. ADDITIONS TO THE ORIGINAL TOWN. Since the laying out of the original town, covering a period of thirty- •eight years, there have been added about seventy-two additions, the jiames of which, and the date of their dedication are as follows : HISTORY OF ST. JOSEPH. 407 Avenue .• . . April 3 1 Bartlett and Russell . . November 20, Belvue September 28 County May 24, Central December i Corby June 20, Corby August i Carter July i Carbry , November 26, Donnell.and Saxton ,,..'. April 27 Donnell (R. W.) . , April 24, Davidson April 27, Durfee and Bartlett August 18 Eastern Extension January i Ege's First May 4, Ege's Second . ., December 12 Fair Ground , , . September 20, Ferguson's, H. Q March 28 Goodlive June 28 Ohio's Harris' First March 3 Harris' Second March 3 Harris' Second July i Hedenberg's First April 7 Hedenberg's Second . September 18 Highly...^ ., May 22 Henry February 24 Hall's First July 8^ Hall's First March 19 Hairs Second May 20, Hughes' and Middleton Hughes .June 2 Hays' Railroad March 21 Improvement May 7, Inslee & Allen September 15 Jackson June 24 Kemper August 13 Landis & Hull .April 30, Landis July 11 Landis * June 14, •Likens & Slingluff . .... ... ; Mayer's First November 27 Mayer's Second October 6, Mayer's Third April 28 1880 1857 1868 1873 1858 1874 1876 1858 i8S9 1867 1 86s 1867 1868 1858 1858 1873 1867 1868 1869 186s 1865 1872 1880 1880 1857 i85S 1870 1872 1876 1858 i8S7 1868 i8S7 18-58 1874 1857 1856 i860 1875 1848' 1855 i860 4P8 HISTORY OF ST. JOSEPH. Mayer's Third November 1 1, 1857- Mitchell June 5, 1857 Mitchell August 3, 1857 Nye September 3, i880' Nixon September 16, 185 1 Noble April 2, 1870' Noble Tract North St. Joseph First October 28, 1856. North St. Joseph Second May 27, 1857- North St. Joseph Third January 17 1859 Oliver, Glass & Wilson O'Donoghue November 21. 1848 Original Town Patee January 15, 1849 Patee May 20, 1854 Patee July 12, 1854. Patee December 8, 1855 Patee June 20, 1857 Patee June 25, 1858 Patee March 13, 1867 Richardson October 13, 1854 Riley April 16, 1870' Robidoux July 20, 1843 Robidoux March 27, 184S Robidoux August 4, 1848 Robidoux. : August 5, 185a Robidoux November 15, 1854 Railroad June 10, 1859 Rogers June 19, 1872 Smith January 13, 1845 Smith February 25, 1847 Smith October 28, 1848 Smith March 20, 1855 Smith June 8, 1859. Smith. September 5, 1859 Stewart February 16, i860 South St. Joseph May 15, 1855 St. Joseph Extension June 18,1857 Snyder February 27, i880' St. Joseph Gardens • April 29, 1852 Snyder , • Thompson January 30, 1866 Thomas Henry September 17,, 1872 Willow Grove HISTORY OF ST. JOSEPH. 409 West November 15, 1856 Western January 12, 1850 Wells May 8, 1845 Wilson April 6, 1857 Wells February 12, 1844 Young April 24, 1873 FIRST CONVEYANCE. The first conveyance of lots in the new town was made by Mr, Robidoux and wife on the 25th of July, 1843, and is as follows : This deed, made and entered into this twenty-fifth day of July, «ighteen hundred and forty-three, by and between Joseph Robidoux and Angelique, his wife, of the County of Buchanan, and State of Missouri, of the first part, Kenneth Mackensie and Benjamin Clapp, of the County of Saint Louis, of the second part, and Pierre Chouteau, Jr., and Com- pany, of the City of Saint Louis, and state aforesaid, of the third part, witnesseth : that the said parties of the first part, in consideration of the debt and trust hereinafter mentioned and created, and of the sum of one dollar to them paid by the said parties of the second part, the receipt of which is hereby acknowledged, do by these presents, grant, bargain, sell, alien, enfeoff, convey and confirm unto the said parties of the second part, all those certain town lots, blocks and parcels of ground in a certain town, called Saint Joseph, in the County of Buchanan, and State of Mis- souri, which town is located on the southwest fractional quarter of section eight, township fifty-seven, north of the base line, range thirty-five, west of the fifth principal meridian, and is laid out according to a plat made by Joseph Robidoux, the proprietor thereof, now recorded in the Record- er's office of said county, which lots and blocks hereby conveyed are numbered according to said plat as follows, viz.: All of blocks numbers one, two, three and four, and fractional block number five, each block containing twelve lots, except block number five, which contains eight lots and two fractional lots, which blocks are bounded west by Water Street and east by Levee Street, and also all of blocks numbers six, seven, eight, nine and ten, according to said plat, lying between First Street on the east and Levee Street on the west, each block containing twelve lots, except block No. (6) six, which contains only eight lots, and also all of blocks numbers twenty-two, twenty-three, twenty-four and twenty-five, lying between Second . Street on the east and First Street on the west, each block containing twelve lots, except block No. (25) twenty-five, which contains only eight lots, all of which lots contain forty feet front upon a street, by one hundred and forty feet in depth, to an alley twenty feet wide, except the fractional lots in the fractional block, as will more fully appear by reference to said plat, together with all the buildings and improvements thereon, and all the privileges and appurtenances there- unto belonging — to have and to hold the same, with the appurtenances, to the said parties of the second part, and to the survivor of them and to the heirs and assigns of such survivor forever, in trust, however, for the following purpose ; 410 HISTORY OF ST. JOSEPH. Whereas, The said Joseph Robidoux has executed to the parties of the third part, his certain negotiable note, bearing even date herewith, for the sum of six thousand three hundred and' seventy-two dollars and fifty-seven cents, payable twelve months after date, to Pierre Chouteau, Jr., and Co., or order, without defalcation or discount, with interest at maturity, at the rate of ten per centum per annum. Now, if the said note shall be well and truly paid, according to the tenor and effect thereof, then this deed shall be void, and the property hereinbefore con- veyed sha:ll be released at the cost of the said parties of the first part ; but if the note, or any part thereof, shall, after the same becomes due, be in arrear and unpaid, then this deed shall remain in force, and the said parties of the second part, or the survivor of them, or the heirs and assigns of such survivor, may proceed to sell the property hereinbefore described, or any part thereof, at public vendue, to the highest bidder, at the court house door, in the City of Saint Louis, and State of Mis- souri, for cash, first giving thirty days public notice of the time, terms and place of said sale, and of the property to be sold, by advertisement in some newspaper printed in the said City of Saint Louis, and upon such sale shall execute and deliver a deed in fee simple of the property sold, to the purchaser or purchasers thereof, and receive the proceeds of said sale, out of wnich they shall pay, first, the cost and expenses of this trust, and next whatever may be due and unpaid of principal and interest on said note to the said Pierre Chouteau, Jr., and Co., or to whomsoever may be the legal owner thereof, and the balance, if any, shall be paid to the said Joseph Robidoux or his legal representatives. And the said parties of the second part covenant faithfully to per- form and fulfill the trust herein created. In witness whereof, the said parties have hereunto set their hands and seals, the day and year first above written. JH. ROBIDOUX, [SEAL.] Her ANGELIQUE x ROBIDOUX, [seal.] mark. K. MACKENSIE, [seal.] BEN. CLAPP. [seal.] STATE OF MISSOURI, ) County of St. Louis, j Be it remembered that on this twenty-sixth day of July, eighteen hundred and forty-three, before me, the undersigned. Clerk of the St. Louis Court of Common Pleas, within and for said county, came Joseph Robidoux, and Angelique Robidoux, his wife, who are personally known to me to be the same persons whose names are subscribed to the fore- going instrument of writing, as parties thereto, and severally acknowl- edged the same to be their act and deed for the purposes therein men- tioned. She, the said Angelique, having been first made acquainted with the contents of said deed, acknowledged on an examination, sep- arate and apart from her husband, that she executed said deed, and relinquishes her dower in the real estate therein mentioned, freely, vol- untarily, and without any fear or compulsion, or undue influence of her said husband. HISTORY OF ST. JOSEPH. 411 In testimony whereof I hereunto set my hand and affix the seal of said court, at office in the city of St. Louis, this twenty-sixth day pf July, in the year eighteen hundred and forty-three. NATHANIEL PASCHALL, Clerk. By STEPHEN D. BARLOW, Deputy Clerk. Note — The foregoing instrument of writing was deposited for record August 3d, 1843. WILLIAM FOWLER, Clerk. By JOHN A. FOWLER, Deputy. FIRST POSTpFFICE IN ST. JOSEPH. ST. JOSEPH POSTOFFICE IN 1 88 1. CHAPTER IV. OLD SETTLERS AND WHAT THEY DID. POSTMASTERS OF ST. JOSEPH— BUSfNESi MEN OF 1845-PROFESSIONAL MEN-PRICES CURRENT— FOURTH OF JULY CELEBRATION— LETTERS-MEETING OF PHYSICIANS- INTERESTING INCIDENTS, ETC. First postoffioe established at Blacksnake Hills June lo, 1840, Julius C. Robidoux, P. M. Frederick W. Smith appointed August 7, 1841. Name changed to St. Joseph, November 20, 1843. First Postmaster — Fred. W. Smith, appointed November 20, 1843. Second Postmaster — Wm. B. Almond, appointed November 4, 1844. Third Postmaster — Wra. Irvin, appointed September 25, 1845. Fourth Postmaster — Joseph F. Wyatt, appointed September 21, 1848. Fifth Postmaster — Jesse HoUaday, appointed September 17, 1849. Sixth Postmaster — Henry S. Creal, appointed January 15, 1852. Seventh Postmaster — Chas. Dutzschky, appointed April ri, 1853. Eighth Postmaster — Henry Clark, appointed April 19, 1854. Ninth Postmaster — Henry Slack, appointed April 22, 1854. Tenth Postmaster — Wm. A. Davis, appointed October 19, 1855. (Office made Presidential, March 24, 1858, and Davis continued.) Eleventh Postmaster — John L. Bittinger, appointed April 11, 1861. Twelfth Postmaster — Wm. Fowler, appointed March 20, 1865. Thirteenth Postmaster- — Geo. H. Hall, appointed March 26, 1866. — (Appointment rescinded.) Fourteenth Postmaster — Jas. M.Graham, appointed October 31, 1866. Fifteenth Postmaster — Geo. H. Hall, appointed November 17, 1866. Sixteenth Postmaster — Jos. J, Wyatt, appointed April 11, 1867. "Seventeenth Postmaster — James Hunter, appointed July 7, 1869. Eighteenth Postmaster — Phillip Arnholt, appointed March 13, 1871. Nineteenth Postmaster — John Severance, appointed February 26, '75. Twentieth Postmaster — Robert P. Richardson, appointed May 25, '76. Twenty-first Postmaster — Jas. T. Beach, appointed August i8, 1876. Twenty-second Postmaster — Francis M. Posegate, appointed Decem- ber 12, 1877. Twenty-third Postmaster — Frank M. Tracy, appointed June 12, 1881. In 1843, at the period of the laying off of St. Joseph, the settlement was small and feeble, and being so remote from the larger centers of 414 HISTORY OF ST. JOSEPH. population, it was hardly expected by even the most ardent friends of the town that it would have in the beginning more than a moderate, steady growth. So great, however, was the influx of emigration hither- ward from the older settled states in the East, that the population had increased from two hundred in June, 1843, to five hundred at the close of the year. Among the earliest pioneers of Blacksnake Hills were C. A. Perry and his brother, Elias H. The first trip that C. A. Perry made to the town from Liberty, Missouri, was in the summer of 1842. He came horseback, reaching the Blacksnake Hills at sunset. While riding through the bottom, just south of town, Mr. Perry says, that he could just see the sun set through the top of the tall grass. He and his brother came in 1843, and commenced business (general merchandise) in the old trading house of Mr. Robidoux, on the west side of Blacksnake Creek, which was a one-story log house, their stock of goods being the second after Mr. Robidoux' in the place. In the fall of 1843 Mr. Perry and his brother erected two two-story brick business houses, on Main Street, between Francis and Jule, 20x6o feet, fronting east, and located in the same block now partly occupied by the cracker factory of F. L. .Sommer & Co. A man by the name of Angel did the carpenter work, a Mr. Miller made the brick, and William Langston did the plastering. We have here given the names of the owners, builders and locality of the first brick houses erected in St. Joseph. These buildings were completed in 1844. Mr. C. A. Perry and his brother, Elias H., are still living in St. Joseph, engaged in the grain business, and are among the ' most respected and influential of her citizens. With the Perrys, came A. M. Saxton, who was in their employ as salesman and book-keeper. He remained with them four years, having been employed by them in St. Louis. He then formed a partnership with Robert W. Donnell and William Duvall, (general merchandise), in a house on Second Street, which stood on the corner of Felix. (See biographical sketch.) The next business houses were erected in 1844 by Hull & Carter and Livermore & Co., on Main Street, between Jule and Francis ; the one built by Hull & Carter was a two-story frame 20x60 feet, and that of Livermore & Co. a brick. About the same time Benjamin Powell built a one-story frame on Levee Street, and Johnathan Levy a one- story frame on the same street. Soon after this, Archie McDonald erected a small brick house on Water Street, as far south as Edmond. This, with the treacherous bank upon which it stood, has long since gone into the Missouri River. In the fall of 1843 occurred the first sale of town lots. This sale had been advertised quite extensively by printed hand-bills (the printing being done in St. Louis) and upon the day of sale a great number of men HISTORY OF ST. JOSEPH. 41$ » were present, not only from the county, but the adjoining counties. There were but few, if any, land speculators in attendance, the bidders, generally, being composed of men who wished to become bona fide citi- zens. The sale took place on Second Street, which locality was consid- ered the most valuable portion of the town. Janies Anthony, who was at the time the sheriff of the county, was employed by Mr. Robidoux as auctioneer. At this sale, about one hundred and fifty lots were sold. Mr. Robidoux did not intend to sell more than one hundred, but was prevailed,on by the bidders to dispose of a greater number. The corner lots sold for one Jiundred and fifty dollars and middle lots for one hundred dollars. Mr. Robidoux believed that the price of lots would soon advance, hence his refusal to sell any more at that time at public auction. In the fall of 1844, Israel Landis became a citize'n of St. Joseph, and began business in a house built by Glasgow, a shoemaker, on the west side of Blacksnake Creek. The following spring, Mr. Landis moved over on Main Street, between Francis and Felix, into a frame house, which he rented of George Brubaker. After remaining here a while, he then moved to the west side of the street and remained there until he moved into one of the buildings in Union Block, the latter feeing the first three-story- brick building erected in St. Joseph. When Mr. Landis arrived," or doing the year thereafter, there were two one-story brick or tenement houses, built by Mr. Robidoux ; one of these stood on the corner of Felix and Fourth Streets and the other on Edmond on the corner of Fourth. Mrf Landis, though long since having reached the grand climacteric of human life, is still hale and hearty. George Smith was also in business, on the west side of Blacksnake Creek, in 1844, and during the next spring moved over to Main Street at the same time with Landis, Perry, Powell, Levy and others. During the same year Wm. M. Carter, a blacksmith, opened his plow manufactory on the corner of Second and Edmond, and Aquilla Morrow erected a similar manufactory on the east side, between Francis and Felix Streets. The tonsorial art was then started by Philip Wort- wine, and a meat market was opened by AUendorf & Rhodes, on the corner of Francis and Main Streets. It was customary to have meat for sale on Monday, Wednesday and Saturday, and it required a whole week to dispose of one animal. Glasgow, mentioned above, who, although not an experienced dis- ciple of St. Crispin, built a small shop at the side of the bridge over "Blacksnake Creek' and began work. At this romantic spot he con- tinued to do business for several years, attending to the soles of his pat- rons in a very satisfactory manner. Joseph Fisher, who now resides on the west side of "Blacksnake Creek,'' came in 1844, and had the honor of running the first regularly licensed dray in the town. 4l6 HISTORY OF ST. JOSEPH. John Kennedy built the first ten-pin alley on Main, between iP'rancis and Jule Streets. It was a very popular place of resort. In 1 844-45 the first church edifice in the town, a log building 20x30 feet, was erected, under the direction of Rev. T. S. Reeve, a Presby- terian clergyman. It was located on the lot where the business house of John S. Brittain & Co. now stands. Soon after this church building was completed and occupied, an in- cident occurred in it which is worth relating: In the fall of 1845, on a Sabbath day eve, while religious services were being held, a loud, rough knock was heard upon the door. With- out waiting for a response, the door was thrust wide open, when in stalked a large, burly looking individual from Grand River. With hat on and hand raised, he advanced toward the pulpit and motioned to the mimster to stop. The man of God (Rev. T. S. Reeve) being thus rudely and inopportunely accosted, left off preaching, when the stranger said : " Is Bob Donnell in this house .'' I've got a bar'l of honey for him.'' Mr. Donnell being present and taking in the situation at a glance, immediately left his seat and went out- of the house with the enterpris- ing and redoubtable honey vender. Whether he purchased the "bar'l" we cannot say. The man, however, who, nothing daunted, had so per- sistently hunted him up, braving the parson and the astonished gaze of the congregation, certainly deserved some consideration at the hands of Mr. Donnell. We hope, therefore, a bargain was made, and that his Grand River friend returned home a happier, if not a wiser man. The first church bell to vibrate in the air of the classic hills of St. Joseph, was hung in the steeple of the old log church presided over by Rev. Mr. Reeve. The first three-story building (fram?) erected in the town, was the " Edgar House," in 1845. It still stands on the corner of Main and Francis Streets, east of the cracker factory of Sommer & Co., as a mon- ument of the past. Robert W. Donnell came to the county in 1838, from North Caro- lina, but did not come to St. Joseph until about 1845. He was in the mercantile business some little time at Rock House Prairie. After his removal to this city he formed a partnership with George Smith. In 1848, the style of the firm was Donnell, Saxton & Duvall. Donnell' built a brick warehouse and then a brick storehouse, both of which are now in the river. He alsb erected a brick residence on the site of R. L. McDon- ald's business house, which was at the time considered the finest in the place. Mr. Donnell is now (1881) a banker in the City of New York. The older citizens will remember the water mill, propelled by the waters of Blacksnake Creek, operated by Mr. Robidoux', for the benefit of the Indians. It ground both corn and wheat, and stood on the Black- HISTORY OF ST. JOSEPH. 417 snake "near its mouth. There was then a much larger volume of water in that stream than there is to-day. Dr. Martin, from Indiana, opened a boarding house on Second Street, betNveen Felix and Francis. His was the first family to move into St. Joseph proper after the town was laid off. His boarding house was made of hewn logs, and contained six rooms. The price of board per week was two dollars and a half. The Doctor soon after located in the country, about four miles from town, where he entered a quarter-section • of land and began to farm. In 1849, during the "gold excitement,' he went to California, being then about sixty-five years of age. When crossing the river at this place for the Pacific Slope, the Doctor had inscribed in large letters upon his wagon cover, the significant legend, "Gold or Blood." He was a man of great energy and strong will-power, and died in California. John Corby was among the early arrivals from Kentucky, and soon became one of the most prominent citizens of the county. He possessed a good education and was a thorough business man. He opened a bus- iness house on Second Street, near the site of the old City Hotel. He was a money lender, and a contractor on the Hannibal & St. Joseph Railroad; often furnishing money to parties wishing to enter -land, and in many instances receiving therefor one half the land in return for the accommodation. A little later, James Cargill, from Wheeling, Virginia, erected in the town a flouring mill on Eighth Street, between Edmond and Felix. This mill was considered a large one in that day, operating three runs of ■burrs. His son-in-law, James A. Owens, is now a resident of the city. Among the early settlers was John Searcy, who was the first tailor in the town, and William Farley the first jeweler, and William Dillon, who kept the first livery stable, his place of business being east of Coi'- by's Block. In 184s, Hill & Welding opened the first carriage 'shop, located on Main, near the foot of Edmond Street, and about the same time came Isadore Barada, and began the bakery business, on Main and Edmond Streets, south side. Jonathan Copeland built the first warehouse, between Jule and Water Streets. A man by the name of Inman kept a hotel (log house) on the corner of Second and Jule Streets, and a man by the name of May opened a similar house, containing two rooms, on Jule Street, between Second and Third. Mrs. Anna Hamilton, Benjamin Hartwell and George Merlatt were early settlers. Benjamin and Francis Northcut, William Carter and Philander Thomas (blacksmiths,) White- head & Infelt, Samuel C. Hall (first justice of the peace,) Thomas Mills (first mayor) and Alexander Constance, were all here in 1844 and 1845. 4l8 HISTORY OF ST. JOSEPH. At the dates above mentioned, such agricultural products as the farmer had to dispose of, including horses and cattle, brought, in the St. Joseph market, the following prices : A good horse, $30 ; a good cow, $7 ; a good yoke of oxen, $25 ; wheat per bushel, 37^ cents; corn per bushel, 10 cents. Hemp was then the staple product of the farmer and always com- manded a good price. Many of the business firms had commenced even at that day the jobbing trade, and continued up to 1856, when Smith, Tootle & Farley, Donnell & Saxton and others began exclusively a wholesale business. Steamboats, other than those owned and run by the American Fur Company, were very limited in number. Generally about two a month passed St. Joseph. In April, 1845, the following persons, among others, were in business at St. Joseph : E. Livermore & Co., general merchandise. J. C. Robidoux, Ross & Harper, •' " Hull & Carter, Middleton, Perry & Co., " Israel Landis, saddler. John Patee, drugs and medicines. Mr. Patee's was the first drug store in St. Joseph. E. Kemp, gunsmith. Mr. Kemp was the pioneer gunsmith. Henry McKee, wines and liquors. Among the physicians, were the following ; B. V. Teel, J. Lawrence Page, J. H. Crane, D. G. Keedy, D. Benton. Among the attorneys, were : Theodore D. Wheaton, George Bru- baker, Benjamin Hays, H. L. Routt. The following are the wholesale prices current in St. Joseph in April, 1845: Axes, per doz., Collins $iS.5o@i6.5o Bale rope, per fib 5 Beeswax 25 Candles, mould 9@io Candles, dipped 8@ 9 Coffee, Rio, per ft). ... ■ 8^@ 9 Havana 8^ @ 9 Domestics, per yard Brown sheetings 6| Cotton yarn, per bunch gji Dye stuffs. Indigo, per ft) i 50@i.75 Madder 22@ 25 Copperas , 6^ HISTORY OF ST. JOSEPH. 419 Dye stuffs, Logwood 10 Fish, mackerel No. 2 13 -So Herrings 87^ Flour, per barrel 4So . Corn meal, per bushel • 50 Fruit, Apples, dried, per bushel i . 50 Peaches 2.00 Raisins, per box • • 3.75 Glass per box, 8x10 3 -So 10x12 4,50 Gunpowder, all kinds, per keg 6 . 50@7 . So Hemp per 100 Bbs, dew rotted 3 00 Hides, dry • .07| Green .03 Iron, common bar .055 Horshe shoe .06 Nails, per 100 Sbs 6.25 Castings, per ft " .044@o.o5 Lead, bar * . . . . .05 Molasses, per gal .40 Tar, per keg . .87^ Oil, Linseed, per bbl 1.25 Castor 1 . 00 White lead, per keg 2.25 Bacon, hams, per ib .07 Sides .07 Shoulders 06? Lard 07@o.o8 Butter .07^ Cheese, common -^ .o6j Western reserve •i2J[ Eggs, per doz 064 Salt G. A., per sack 2.25 Kanawha, per bush -4° Pepper, per ft) i5@o.i6 Liquors, per gal Brandy. Cognac 2.oo@3.oo American .50@0/'5 Gin .50@0s75 Rum, New England -75 ■ Whisky, rectified 23@o.25 Sugar, Louisiana 07i@o.o8| Loaf . .17 Tobacco, leaf, per 100 ftis ,,...,. , i-7S@3°0 420 HISTORY OF ST. JOSEPH. Tobacco, Mo., manufactured, per flb io@.iS Teas, per ft), Imperial 87^@i,ck> Gunpowder 87^@i.cx>' Young Hyson .62@o.7S 5o@3.oo oo@3.oo 75@i.i2 Wines, Madeira .• • Port Malaga, sweet Port, imitation The celebration of the Fourth of July was first observed in St- Joseph in 1845, by the Sunday School. The following is the programme fpr the occasion : FOURTH OF JULY. CELEBRATION OF THE FOURTH OF JULY, 1 845, BY THE ST. JOSEPH SUNDAY SCHOOL. ORDER OF EXERCISES. The Sunday School will convene at the Church at 8 o'clock a. m. Procession will form at 8 o'clock, and will leave at precisely 9 o'clock for the grove. Music — Instrumental. ON THE GROUND. Prayer — By T. S. Reeve. Singing — By Sunday School scholars — " Where Do Children Love To Go." Declaration — By a Sunday School scholar. Singing — By Sunday School scholar. Singing — By Sunday School scholars — "Come Let Us Join Our Cheerful Songs." Rehearsal — By a female scholar. Music — Instrumental. Rehearsal — By a male scholar. Singing — By Sunday School scholars — " Tis a Lesson You should Heed." Rehearsal — By a female scholar. Singing — By Sunday School scholars — "Away the Bowl." Temperance Dialogue — By five Sunday School scholars. Singing— By Sunday School scholars—" My Drink Shall Be." Address— By Rev. F. Willis. Music — Instrumental. ' RECESS AND COLLATION. Music — Instrumental. Oration — By L. Archer, Esq. Music — Instrumental. Closing remarks and benediction — By Rev. T. S. Reeve. Procession return. HISTORY O'F ST. JOSEPH. 42 U On the 5th of July, the day followmg the celebration, the committee of arrangements for that interesting occasion, consisting of Israel Landis, George Brubaker and Josiah H. Crane, addressed a note to the Rev. F^ Willis requesting a copy of his address for publication.. On the nth of July, they received the following : "July ii, 1845. " Dear Sirs : I am exceedingly sorry that I cannot comply with your request. I cannot do it, for the following reasons : First, I am sO' much of an offhand man, that I never write out any address on any occasion whatever, and consequently I never memorize. I must say in this case, as Belshazzar said to Daniel, ' the thing is gone from me.' Another reason: I have never yet delivered an address worth publishing ; either of which reasons, I presume your honors will in charity- deem a sufficient apology. " Yours very Respectfully, " F. WILLIS." Believing that our readers would be pleased to know something- more of the first celebration of our National Holiday, in St. Joseph, we- will, in this connection, give a verbatim copy of a letter, which was- picked up on the street the day following that event, written by a Ger- ■ man — an old settler : " St. Shoseff, te fift day of Shuly, " Eiteen hoonert and forty-five. " Last year, me writes you von letter, mit dells you efry dinks vot I sees in dish new country vot been stranche order new ; unt now me- writes you vone oder letter. " Unt by sure yesterday he peen to Forth of Shuly akin, und I dinks to mineself, I vill go me to St. Sho akin, unt see efry dinks vot te beebles peen do dare. Vel, den, ven I cooms dare. Shake Schneider he peen dare too. unt I ses, ' Vel, Shake, I peen so mittlen,. how you duss,. Shake.'' Unt Shake, he tells me if I will trink somedinks unt den coe- mit him to see the selebration." Unt I ax him, ' yes, I vill,' put vot in de- tivil he means, I dush not know. Vel, Shake, he dakes me to de shurch,, unt efrybody been come dare, unt dare bin Mishter Reef, unt he haf great many little shilders dare; unt I tells Shake, 'mine Got, mine Got, vot sort of a man ish dish, vot you calls Reef, to have so much shilders ? Unt how dush he keeb him on meat and breat ? ' Unt he- sess : ' Philip, you peen vone fool ; dese peen de peebles' shilders vot peen coe to de Sunday School, unt Mishter Reef he been a teacher, unt he peen de Superintendent, unt dare dem berty bick galls vot you; sees: dare, unt dem fellows mit his hair so nise unt slick, da peen all Sunday Schoolmashters, unt day all shtart out to de voods to eat his dinner,,unt dare peen three udder fore fellows vot peen blaying te fittle unt some udder leetle squealin music not much bicker as a fife, unt day comes pefore,.unt den de shilders day comes, unt day haf vone crate bick hanksheef stikin on dop of a bole, und a hunderd yads of ribbins hangen to him,. und dem berty galls, und dem fellows vot haf de nise slick hair, day peen walk on de outsite of de shilders, unt den comes efrybody else folerin,. 422 HISTORY OF ST. JOSEPH. unt den day march mosht not quite all round St. Sho, unt den shtart shtrait out to de voots. Unt now I dinks to mineself dish peen von Whig meedin, unt da dinks da ville shlip in dot olt dory Henry Clay, ven de beebles not been dinkin any dinks about it. Unt I tells Shake I dush not like it, unt Shake he ses : "Philip, vot for make you peen von fool .■* " Vel den, Shake unt me, we goes out mit de rest of the beebles to de voods, unt dare Mishter Reef he makes do shilders sing ferry berty, unt make speeches like old beebles — unt den von breacher he tells von ferry fine sarmon, unt von Mishter lawyer he peen delifer von fine big splendit speesh, but I did not undershtand von wort of vot efery von ses, for I peen lookin rount at too crate bick long tables, full off efry dinks vot peen goot, unt efry times de beebles been all looking right shtraight at de shilders ven day peen singin' I shlips to de table unt fills mine hat mit shweet breat. Vel den ven efry dinks peen retty for to eat Shake unt me we coe shtrait to de dable vare dare bin a crate many shickens unt a couple off leetle haucks, and dare been no nife mit my plate, so I dakes a coople of shickens unt buts em in mine breeches bockets, unt den I dakes von leetle hauck unt shlips him in mine bosom ; unt den I dakes a coople of loves of breat under mine arm ; unt Shake he dakes day odder leetle hauck, mit sum breat and shickens, unt we coes into de shate under von bick dree, and dare we eat our dinner. Now dish peen all I sees till night cooms, unt den we coes to de. grate frolic at de Edgur House, unt dare peen so many berty galls it makes me feel all over in crate bick shtripes, unt I tells Shake I vill make de dance mit von, so ven Shake he peen shust fetchin me to von shplen- did berty gal mit I peen makin mine bow to him, I looks down unt sees mine shirt and mine breaches all cresy mit de shickens unt de leedle haucks — unt now I dinks I coes, so I runs shtrait out off de room unt nefer shtop till I shwim 102 unt blatte rififer to wash de crease. Your goot frient, PHILIP SHTUFFINGER. The following will doubtless be read with interest by the physicians of St. Joseph to-day. " NOTICE. At a meeting of the practicing physicians of the town of St. Joseph and vicinity, holden for the purpose of establishing a uniform system of charges, the following were agreed upon, to wit : For a visit within one mile and prescription (day) $ i .00 " each succeeding mile 50 " same services at night, double price " visit in town and prescription i .00 " " at night 2.00 " medicine in all cases extra charge .... " attendance whole night . , . , 5 .00 " consultation 5 .00 ■' a simple case of midwifery ... 5 .00 •" a case of twins 10.00 HISTORV OF ST. JOSEPH. 423 For difficult cases, fee in proportion to difficulty " necessary attention, after four hours, per hour .25 *' bleeding..., .50 ■' extracting teeth . . . . , .50 *' cupping ito2.QO " blisters, large size .75 " " medium .50 ■' advice and prescription at office i .00 " administering enema i .00 " setting fracture of upper extremities 5 to 10.00 " " lower " 10 to 20.00 " dislocation of upper extremities 5 to 10. 00 " " " lower " 10 to 20.00 " amputating fingers and toes, each 5 .00 " forearm 15 .00 arm 10.00 " " leg 20.00 " thigh 25.00 " extirpating tumors 2. 50 to 10. 00 " opening abscess 50 " vaccination 50 " gonorrhea 10 . 00 " syphillis 10 to 20,00 The last mentioned disease to be paid for invariably in advance. No charge will be made for more than two visits in town same day. Hereafter no families will be engaged by the year. Settlement in all cases will be required either by note or cash as soon as services are rendered. JOSIAH H. CRANE, D. G. KEEDY, J. L. PAGE, THOS. J. TODD, WM. B. WOOD, J. W. HAYES, B. V. TEEL, ROBT. MARTIN, R. A. H. GRAY, WM. P. FLINT, DELFORD BENTON. During the month of May, 1845, the little town of St. Joseph came very near being the scene of a duel between two gentlemen of the med- ical profession, as the following will show : "W00DLA.ND, May 3, 1845. Dr. Page, Sir: I have been informed that some doctor in St. Joseph, from Weston, has used very disrespectful language in regard to me, and said that I did not know what a cataract knife was, and that I had lent to Dr. Belt wrong knives through profound ignorance, &c. Now, sir, I wish you to avow or disavow said language. I am a graduate from the college of Edinburgh and have my diploma from said institution ; I have been 424 HISTORY OF ST. JOSEPH. surgeon nearly seven years in the British army, and more recently assist- ant surgeon in the United States navy, for three years, aboard the ship- Experiment, Captain Mervin. I refer you to the Navy Chronicle for 1833, where you will find my appointment. I am, sir, with much respect and great esteem, Your most obedient servant, R. A. H. GRAY, M. D." J. L. Page, M. D. "St. Joseph, May 3rd, 1845. Dear Sir: In reply to your note of 3rd inst., I have to state that upon an occasion (the time and place I do not remember) you were the subject of the conversation. I then made use of the language in sub- stance as follows : ' I have met with Dr. Gray but a few times ; I know- nothing of him ; I know nothing of his professional qualifications. Some- time ago, soon after he came to this country, Dr.B , of Weston, sent to him for a Wetzel's cataract knife, and he sent a common Bistoury,, such as is usually found in a surgeon's pocket case, and wholly unlike the instrument required. Now I know not whether to attribute this tO' his own ignorance or his belief in the ignorance of the surgeons at Wes- ton of a cataract knife. I further stated that Major C, of Weston, had spoken of you as having been engaged in a mercantile house in Pitts- burg or Wheeling, and not known there as a physician or surgeon.' The foregoing is, in substance, what I have said. I spoke nothing of my own knowledge, except in regard to the knife, and permit me to add, I did not intend any disrespect to you or cherish any desire to do' you injustice. I am happy to learn that I have been deceived in regard to your professional character, and I shall have pleasure to contradict the reports in circulation relative thereto. I am, sir, your obedient servant, J. LAWRENCE PAGE." To R. A. H. Gray, M. D. J. L. Page, M. D. Sir: — I have been informed that you avowed the language referred to in my last note to you, viz : That I had lent wrong cataract knives to Dr. Belt, through profound ignorance, etc. If you know said language to be a fact, you had a right to use it, otherwise, I shall require a retrac- tion and an apology. I am, sir, with much respect and great ^teem. Your most obedient servant, R. A. H. GRAY, M. D. My friend P., Esq., is duly authorized to arrange and settle all the- necessary preliminaries in regard to time, place, and manner of satis- faction, in case Doctor Page refuses to do me justice as required above. R. A. H. GRAY, M. D. May 9, 1845. St. Joseph, May 9, 1845. Sir: To your note of the 3d inst. I have replied to through the medium of the Postoffice at Sparta. I then avowed the language I had HISTORY OF ST. JOSEPH. 425 msed relative to the cataract knife, &c. I do know, sir, that Dr. Belt, ■of Weston, sent to you for a Wenzel's cataract knife, and that you sent a common Bistoury therefor, whether through ignorance or not I do not ■know. Your ob't serv't, To R. A. H. Gray, M. D. * J. LAWRENCE PAGE. J. L. Page, M. D.: My Dear Sir: Your communication per my friend Mr. is not sufficiently satisfactory. If you made use of the language contained in my note to you, for the purpose of injuring my standing as a physician ■or otherwise, I demand an explanation. My friend, Mr. M is duly authorized to make satisfactory arrange- ments with any friend you may please to appoint, otherwise to receive a satisfactory apology. Very respectfully your ob't serv't, May 9, 1845. R. A. H. GRAY, M. D. St. JOSEPH, May 13, 1845. J. L. Page, M. D. Dear Sir: Yours dated May 3d, has been received and considered satisfactory, consequently the subsequent communications are withdrawn. R. A. H. GRAY, M. D. By his friend A. D. McDonald. The following is the first list of letters remaining in the postofifice, ever published in St. Joseph. Among these names will be recognized many of the old settlers : " List of letters remaining in the postoffice at St. Joseph, October I, 1845, which, if not taken out within three months, will be sent to the general postoffice as dead letters." Allen, Lewis, Byrne, Miss Mary — 2, Brookheart, John, Beem, Richard, Bate, Cambell, Becker, Abraham, Carter, Mrs. A. C, Coon, Rev. S. M., Carter,. John F.,, ' Coy, Wm. S., Collier, Jos., Cook, Elizabeth, Dunn, Wm., Dixon, D. B., Donnedl, Robert M., Ewell, Dr. J. B., Evans, John, * . Frost, Harvy, Farleigh, A., Flanagan, Wm. P., George, Wm. P., Gibson, Jas., Harness, Lewis, Kremer, Thos., Kerby, Eliza S., McDonald, Alex., McHemry, Daniel, Maxwell, Edward, McHammer, Wm., McClour, B. F.,, McClaugh, Harrison, Mungett, Wilson, Martin, John — 2. Nevins, Isaac, Noble, Wm., Neely, Miss Cath.., Potter, David, Patch, Geo.— 2, Pyle, Edward, Palmer, Spolswood, STATE SAMNGS «AXK. HISTORY OF ST. JOSEPH. 427 Robertson, Elijah, Swaitz, J. T., Teel, Dr. B. F— 6, Thompson, John A., Jhomas, H., Vanwickle, Everett, Winkler, David, Walker, A. J., Wright, Isaac R., McBeath, Mr. R., Beaty, Fulton — 2. Baker, Joseph G., Chandler, Rev. Thos., Coltor, Wm., Cotoh, Wm., Dixon & Wilson, Deppen & Gay, Messrs., Falkner, Miss S. E., Green & Co., Hays, W. L., Johnston, James,. ■Locvecy, M. S., Myers, Henry, McDonal, Thos., McChristen, Patrick, Pell, Calvin, Porter,' W.'M. Richards, Chas., Watts, W. B. Shults, Peter J., Simpson, Isaac A., Taylor, Miss Ann, Thompson, D. V. Vares, Henry M., White, James, West, Mrs. Frances, Wells, Thos. — 2, Brooks, D. G., Belcher, Geo. A., Baker, Benj., Cunningham, Joseph, Clink, Joshua, Carter, Wm. F., Doulton, Jonathan S., Dunn, Wm. M., Francey, Samuel, Furgerson, Jas., Hughes, Geo. W., Jasper, Capt. A., King, Sarah, Lane, Jas. A., McCrary, Pinley, Martin, Abraham, Norton, Edley, Price, Jas, Preston, A. S., Smith, F. W., DEATH OF GENERAL JACKSON. Upon the receipt of the intelligence of the death of the old hero of the battle of New Orleans, fought on the 8th of January, 181 5, the citi- zens of St. Joseph repaired to a grove, one mile north of the town, on Saturday, the 19th of July, 1845, and listened to a eulogy upon the life and services of General Jackson, delivered by Hon. Willard P. Hall, who then resided at Sparta. The Gazette, speaking of that occasion, says : " We will not do Mr. Hall the injustice to attempt a sketch of his speech. We would only say, the matter of the address was entirely appropriate ; his style was concise and perspicuous, sometimes ornamented by beauti- ful figures, and the composition lost nothing by the manner of delivery, for Mr. Hall is an agreeable speaker. The only objection we have heard made to the address is, that it was too short." HEALTH OF THE TOWN IN 1 845. During the summer and fall of 1845, the old citizens will remember that sickness prevailed over the Western States to an unparalleled extent. In almost every section of Missouri, disease prostrated a great 428 HISTORY OF ST. JOSEPH. many people, and even in Buchanan County they were not entirely free from its ravages. In St. Joseph, however, there was but little, if anyi ■sickness during that year. The Gazette, speaking upon the subject, in 'October of 184S, says : " Had there been any doubts about the healthfulness of our towtii its history the past year is sufficient to set that doubt to rest, for whilst people on the prairies, in the woodland, in the bottom, on the bluffs, and in the new and old portions of the state have very generally been made acquainted with the icy touch of the ' chill ' and the burning grasp of the ^ fever,' the people of St. Joseph have been remarkably healthy all the time." In the same connection that paper says of the weather : "The weather is now fine — Indian Summer with all its serenity and •sweetness. On these lovely fall days 'tis a luxury to withdraw from the busy strife and hum of business, and seek the quiet solitude of the country, where nature inspires the mind with contemplations that refine and elevate. The faded and falling leaves, the drooping and frost-bitten grass, the leafless trees, forcibly remind man that his season of decay will soon come, and bids him, in feeling, imitate the calmness and sweetness which seem to pervade all space, and consecrate every object." On the 3d of November, 1845, the "St. Joseph Thespian Society" made its first appearance, in the comedy entitled "The Prisoner at Large." On the Sth of December, 1845, the "St. Joseph Lyceum" held its first meeting in the Presbyterian Church. The question discussed was : "Do the lights of nature teach the immortality of the soul.'" Dispu- tants — Affirmative, Dr. S. D. Overstreet, George Brubaker. Negative, L. Archer, J. H. Young. At the next meeting of this society, B. F. Loan became a member, and, among others, discussed the question, " Are the inferior animals immortal .''" A small paper was published in Sparta called the Rooster, about January, 1846. March 6, 1846, appeared the advertisement of the St. Joseph Sem- inary for Young Ladies, S. Landis, Principal. As the ladies may be interested to know when the first sewing society was organized in St. Joseph, we here quote from the Gazette of April 3d, 1846; " We take pleasure in calling the attention of our townsmen to the St. Joseph Sewing Society, which has lately been established in our ■midst. The object of the association is extremely laudable, viz., the gaining of funds to erect and finish the Methodist Church. We recom- mend those of our young men and others who may wish clothes of any HISTORY OF ST. JOSEPH. 429 ^description, to patronize, the ladies of the SL Joseph Sewing Society, for in doing this, the double consolation is found of wearing garments well •done up by the fairest fingers, and knowing that the proceeds are well appropriated." The first circus that visited St. Joseph was Ho"wes & Mabie, in May, 1846. The first daguerrean artist was A. C. Partridge, who came in July, 1846. About this date, there were in St. Joseph and vicinity quite a num- ber of MormonSj whose presence here was not desired by a few of the citi- zens, as the following will show : NOTICE. The Mormons now in St. Joseph may do well to leave as early as possible, as there is considerable excitement now existing against them, and to save trouble I advise them to seek some other home. SAMUEL C. HALL. Among the advertisements which we find in the Gazette of 1846, is one entitled " Big Saddle Poetry." Being a novel, as well as an ingen- ious, production, we here insert it : "BIG SADDLE POETRY." If a good saddle you would find, One that's just suited to your mind, You need not to St . Louis go, For you can get one in St, Joe. If in that town you chance to be, Call in at Landis' factory. You'll know it if you chance to spy That great big saddle hanging high ; The very same on which was found The Sparta Rooster, snugly bound ; Which, though it happened long ago, Can still gire forth as shrill a crow As when, on that eventful night, He challenged Landis to a fight. If this direction's not enough, From Somerville's go six doors south ; And when you're there if you can't see it, Just cross the street to Todd's for physic ; If then your sight should not be good, •Go three doors north of Dr. Wood ; And when you're there just take a hint, And walk straight up to Dr. Flint. Should you to Sparta chance to go. On your return stop at St. Joe; for Landis is the man, they say, To furnish saddles night and day. 27 430 HISTORY OF ST. JOSEPH. CiENSUS OF ST. JOSEPH. On the 1 8th and 19th of December, 1846, the census of St. Joseph was taken with the following result : Males under 10 years' of age 142 " between 10 and 21 Si 21 and 45 257 " over 45 years 30 Females under 10 years of age 124 " between 10 and 21 85 " over 20 years 1/5 Male slaves 27 Female slaves 43 Free negroes — i male and i female 2 Total 967 We note the following : PREACHING. The Rev. Joshua Wilson will preach in St. Joseph this evening, (January 28, 1847,) at early candle lighting, in the house now occupied by the Methodists as a church. April 16, 1847, the Gazette, speaking of St. Joseph, says : " This town, as exhibited at present, seems to answer the expecta- tions of those who have been the most hopeful of its advancement and prosperity. Many persons long doubted whether St. Joseph would, like the " thousand and one ' towns that spring up along navigable streams, flourish for a while and then dwindle into insignificance, or would take and maintain a permanent stand as a place for the transaction of busi- ness and ultimately fill the dimensions of a large town. " The observation of the place nowwill effectually drive away all such doubts and establish the fact that we will at no distant day exist in the midst of a populous and important city. " Several additional mercantile houses have been established here, many of the older firms have enlarged their business very much, and it is generally conceded that all of them are selling and will sell a vast amount of goods. The mechanics of every description have an abun- dance of work to do, for improvements are being made in every section of the town. More buildings are in process of being erected at this time than during any preceding season, and those buildings are generally of a better quality. Many of the farmers from a distance are now seen dealing with our merchants, who formerly carried their produce to other towns on the river, and bought their goods there. Take it all in ail, we HISTORY OF ST. JOSEPH. 43! have never known St. Joseph to present such an animated and business- like appearance as is now exhibited, nor have the indications ever been so decidedly in favor of its permanent prosperity. "Heretofore many difficulties have intervened to retard the progress of improvement here, some of which have been entirely overcome, and others only in part. We have had to contend with the jealous influences of other places, which knew that St. Joseph would soon become their successful rival. The character of this place has not been fully estab- lished abroad as the most elegible starting point for Oregon and Califor- nia, notwithstanding all or very nearly all who have actual knowledge of the matter give the preference to St. Joseph. The great emigration to California, Oregon and Texas, tended to keep back this county and town in point of population and improvement, and the almost boundless extent of the lands in those countries which may generally be acquired by bare settlement, has conduced to diminish the price of real estate here. Furthermore, hemp, grain and pork, the staple products of this country, have until recently commanded a very low price, and the navigation of our river has been unusually difficult, on account of low water and snags. "What progress this place and the surrounding country have made has been effected in spite of all these difficulties, but when these obstruc- tions shall have disappeared, as all of them must do at some early period, the older settler here who has witnessed the town of his choice in all its stages, will feel his bosom swell with emotions of pride and exultation at the observation of her prosperity and beauty. "Again, the spirit of internal improvement is abroad, our people are determined not only to improve the transporting facilities- now had, but to add others, which will place us on terms more nearly equal with other parts of the world. Then all the advantages we have in soil and climate will become available ; then a new impetus will have been given to the industrious farmer ; then the call upon the merchant for the nec- essaries and comforts of life will have been vastly increased ; then health and prosperity will everywhere greet the eye of the beholder ; then ours shall be a town and county in which the wealthy, industrious and edu- cated of the other and older states will love to settle, and the situation of our town and the surrounding scenery, which are now surpassingly lovely, will be enhanced by the touch of art, and the citizen or visitor of cultivated or refined taste will love to contemplate their beauty." The above article was written in the spring of 1847, ^"d is doubtless a faithful and correct representation of St. Joseph and her business pros- pects at that time. Four years had elapsed from the laying out of the town, and the inferences drawn from the editorial are that notwithstand- ing many difficulties had theretofore intervened, such as the jealousies of rival towns, imperfect navigation facilities, and other hindrances, the town had continued to prosper. 432 I-IISTORV OF ST. JOSEPH. At that date, several additional mercantile houses had just been established here, and many of the older firms had enlarged their busi-- ness, and it was conceded that they were selling a vast amount of goods- Another evidence (always unerring), of the substantial prosperity of the town, was that the mechanics and laborers of all classes were then busy. Improvements were being made not only in one locality, or upon one street, but " in every section of the town." Not only a greater number of buildings were in process of erection, but they were generally of a better character. Had the editor been a little more specific, and gone a little more into detail, and given the names of the parties making these improve- ments, and located these buildings, it would have been more satisfac- tory to the reader of to-day. WESTERN MAILS. Thirty-five years ago, in this western country, mails were very irreg- ular, sometimes several weeks intervening between times. Like all other extreme western towns, St. Joseph was frequently inconvenienced by the non-arrival at the proper time of the mail. In reference to the mail, the Gazette of April, 1847, says: "We have not received a mail here for three weeks, nor do we know when we shall get one. Why does not the Postmaster at St. Louis make some arrangement to forward the mails by the river to this place as well as Glasgow ? Is it because we are too high up, or does the Postmaster General think that we can do without the mails ? If it be true that authority has been given to the Postmaster at St. Louis to make contracts for carrying the mails to Glasgow, why does he not make a contract with the boats that are coming direct to this place.' Wo could then have a mail once a week. The inconveniences that are felt and the loss that is sustained by the people from the outrages and intolerable irregularity now experienced, we hope will soon be rem- edied." We note the following items : PUBLIC MEETING. A public meeting of the citizens of St. Joseph and vicinity will be held at the office of B. F. Loan, on Tuesday next, at 2 o'clock, P. M., to take into consideration the propriety of authorizing the corporation of St. Joseph to borrow money for the improvement of Blacksnake Creek, and such other matters as may come before the meeting. A general attendance is requested, particularly of the property holders in the town. MANY CITIZENS. June 24, 1847. -w-M/VSMgO — 434 HISTORY OF ST. JOSEPH. COMMODORE STOCKTON. October 27, 1847, St. Joseph had a distinguished guest in the per- son of Commodore Stockton, of the United States Navy. At a public meeting of the citizens of the town, a committee was appointed to arrange for his reception, who forwarded to him the following letter : St. Joseph, Mo., October 26, 1847. Com. Stockton : Sir: — The undersigned have been directed to. forward you the fol- lowing resolutions, adopted unanimously at a public meeting held in this place on the 25th inst., the object of which was to formally receive and tender to you the hospitalities of the town, and also invite you to par- ticipate with the citizens in a public dinner. In the performance of this duty, it affords us pleasure to be made the medium through which to convey the warm manifestations of regard, as well as the high esteem entertained for you as an eminent and brave officer, whose life has been spent in aiding to elevate the naval force of our country to that "proud station it now occupies in the eyes of the civilized world, as also for the efforts of that genius that has so materially contributed to render it effective. We are, rnost respectfully, your obedient servants', J. M. BASSETT, WM. RIDENBAUGH, JOHN CORBY, LEWIS TRACY, y Committee. SILAS Mcdonald, JOSEPH ROBIDOUX, J. LAWRENCE PAGE. In answer to the foregoing, Commodore Stockton forwarded by Lieutenant Thompson, the following reply : St. Joseph, Mo., October 27, 1847. To J. M. Bassett, John Corby, Lewis Tracy, Silas McDonald, Wm, Ridenbaugh, Joseph Robidoux and J. Lawrence Page. Gentlemen: — I have the honor to acknowledge the receipt of your ■communication of yesterday, enclosing to me a copy of the resolutions passed at a public meeting, held at St. Joseph, and to express to you my thanks for the kind manner in which you have seen fit to communicate them. . My stay at St. Joseph will probably be too short to permit me to accept the invitation to a public dinner, but I will do myself the honor to meet the citizen? of St. Joseph at any hour to-day which they may ap- point. ';:, Faithfully, your obedient servant, ,R. F. STOCKTON. On the afternoon of the same day. Commodore Stockton, accom- panied by Major Gillespie, of the United States Marines, Lieutenant HISTORY OF ST. JOSEPH. 435 Wm. H. Thompson, of the United States Navy, and J. C. Norris, the Gommodore's private Secretary, arrived at the landing, where a large crowd of people had assembled to greet them. From the river, he and his brave officers were accompanied by the committee and citizens, in procession, to the Mansion House, on the balcony of which a great num- ber of ladies had assembled. Dr. J. Lawrence Page, then, on behalf of the citizens, addressed Commodore Stockton in a brief and appropriate manner. The Commo- dore replied in a well digested and able address. He spoke of the in- juries he had received in Mexico and characterized the war with that nation as just, and said that he would be glad to see the Star Spangled Banner float in triumph over every foot of Mexica'n soil. After spending the afternoon in a pleasant manner, and taking by the hand the citizens of St, Joseph generally, the gallant old hero took his departure for St. Louis. TEMPERANCE DISCUSSION. November 19, 1847. The following question " Are temperance associations on the total abstinence principle beneficial to the community ?" will be discussed at the court house next Thursday evening, at early candle light, by the following disputants : Affirmative — Henry M. Vories, Wm. Bunting. Negative — Dr. January, Jas. B. Gardenhire. The citizens are very respectfully invited to attend. Our town is now entirely clear of the small pox, the person afflicted having recovered and gone. As there is no danger now, we hope that persons who have been trading in our town will continue to do so, and not listen to the idle trash of a few interested persons who would glory in the downfall of St. Joseph. There were 1,861 votes cast for Governor in Buchanan County in 1848. At the November election of that year, General Cass received 357 rnajority in the county over General Taylor. THOMAS H. BENTON. On the 9th day of August, 1849, Colonel Thomas H. Benton addressed the people of St. Joseph upon the history of the Platte Pur- chase, the Missouri Resolutions and the great Pacific Railroad. It was a memorable day in the history of Buchanan County. At an early hour, the streets of St. Joseph were thronged with her own citizens and the people from the county and other neighboring counties, who nad come to hear the great man speak. The place of meeting had been adver- tised to be the Presbyterian Church, but owing to the immense con- 436 HISTORY OF ST. JOSEPH. course of citizens, not more than one-fourth of whom the church could' accommodate, the meeting was held in a grove near the town. At the' hour of two o'clock, P. M., Colonel Benton took the stand, where the crowd had already gathered, eager to hear the great expounder of Dem- ocratic principles. For threfe hours he was listened to by the vast assem- blage with the closest attention. Every one present seemed to be on the tiptoe to hear and catch every word that fell from his lips. Although his auditors had to stand on their feet, jammed together, and the greater portion of them under the rays of a hot sun, shining directly upon their heads, yet there was no confusion, no changing of places, no talking and nothing to mar the feelings of the speakerj or to interrupt him in his masterly defense of the Constitution of the United States. GENERAL DAVID R. ATCHISON. On Monday, the 24th day of September following, General David R. Atchison addressed the people of St. Joseph on the subjects involved in Colonel Benton's speech of August 9th. He was treated with the utmost courtesy by the citizens, a large number of whom were present. Gen- eral Atchison was an anti-Benton man, and severely criticized the Col- onel's political career, and especially many of His votes upon important questions in the United States Senate, denouncing them as "Abolition votes." On the following day. General J. B. Gardenhire replied to General Atchison, and in an able and eloquent manner defended Colonel Ben- ton's course. PROSPERITY. From the last day of March, 1849, to the last day of September the same year, there were erected in the town : Buildings of all kinds 123 Brick houses 51 Frame " 47 Log " : 25 Brick stores . . . . ' . . 3 Frame stores ) 2 Steam saw mills 2 Brick brewery i Brick warehouses 6 Frame " i Frame shops 4 Frame offices 2 .Brick " 3 HISTORY OF ST. JOSEPH.. 437 Frame stables 9 Log " . . . - I Additions to houses 11 Rope walks 2 From September to December the same year, there were erected twenty more buildings, which certainly speaks well for the growth of St. Joseph during the year 1849. CHARLES ROBIDOUX. On the night of the 8th of September,. 1850,, occurred the death ©f Charles Robidoux, the youngest son of Joseph Robidoux, the founder^ of St. Joseph. The circumstances connectefd with his death are as follows : On the night above mentioned, about eleven o'clock, young Robi- doux, in company with other young men of the town, were on the street,, engaged in some harmless sport. They were rapping at the doors of the business houses, to awaken the clerks and others sleeping therein.. They rapped on the door of D. & T. D.. S. MacDonald, and,, after leaving it, they went to a post set in the ground, a-t the edge of the pave- ment opposite the building, and commenced pulling it up. Young Robidoux pulled the post up, and, placing it on hLs shoulden, he started towards the opposite side of the street, and wheii he had gone about one-third of the distance, a gun was fired from the window of the second; story of MacDonald's store. The load, which consisted of shot of large size, took effect in the back part of his head, tearing it almost to atoms. He expired in a few minutes. Duncan MacDonald confessed that he had shot the gun, but with no intention of injuring any person, as he knew no person then on the street. Charles Robidoux was in the twentieth year of his age, was much respected, and his death was a source of great regret tO' his friends and numerous acquaintances. CITY ELECTION — l8Sl. Below we append the vote of St. Joseph in the spring election of 1851. FIRST WARD. Mayor— Thomas Mills 93. Marshal— F. M. Wright 51 E. W. Freeman 37 Wiley Williams 9 Councilmen— J. B. Pendleton 87 John Angel 68- J. M. Searcy 32". 438 HISTORY Of ST. JOSEPH. SECOND WARD. Mayor — Thomas Mills 132 Marshal— F. M. Wright. . . . E. W. Freeman Councilmen — W. M. Carter Israel Landis John Kerr Lewis Tracy D. G. Keedy ICQ 26 97 8i 45 34 15 THIRD WARD Mayor— Thomas Mills 88 Marshal— F. M. Wright 6^ E. W. Freeman 21 Wiley Williams . ... . . '. . . ; 14- Councilmen — J. H. Whitehead 86 J. A. Anthony ..'. ..'....'..■..., 69 G. W. Lincoln 28 THE FIRST SETTLER. ST. JOSEPH CITY HALL AND MARKLT HOUSE, ISSL CHAPTER V. CITY OFFICERS— 1845 TO 1881. 1845- Joseph Robidoux ... President Isadora Barada Trustee- John F. Carter Trustee- Johnson Copeland Trustee- Wiley M. English Trustee- St. Clark K. Miller Trustee Benjamin C. Powell Trustee B. F. Loan Clerk Howell Thomas Constable and Collector Robert I. Boyd Treasurer Charles White Assessor F. W. Smith Surveyor 1846. Wiley M. English President Preston T. Moss Trustee Johnson Copeland Trustee Allen G. Mansfield. Trustee Posy N. Smith Trustee Henry S. Creal Trustee Joseph Robidoux Trustee Levi T. Carr Clerk Henry S. Smith Constable and Collector John Curd .... Treasurer George W. Waller Assessor Simeon Kemper Surveyor William King Street Commissioner r847- Henry S. Creal President Wiley M. English ... Trustee Johnson Copeland _ . .Trustee HISTORY OF ST. JOSEPH. 441 Treston T. Moss . Trustee Edward Searcy Trustee "William H. High Trustee Aaron Lewis . Trustee James B. Gardenhire Clerk John W. Glasgow Constable and Collector John Curd Treasurer Milton H. Wash ... Assessor Simeon Kemper Surveyor David J. Heaton Street Commissioner i'848. Lewis Tracy President Joseph Smith Trustee William Ridenbaugh Trustee Treston T. M-oss Trustee Samuel D. Overstreet Trustee Thomas Wildbahn Trustee James A. Anthony Trustee Willian P. Loaia Clerk Edward Searcy Constable and Collector Robert I. Boyd Treasurer Smeon Kemper , Assessor Simeon Kemper Surveyor William King. . Street Commissioner 1849. Jatnes A. Anthony President John Whitehead Trustee Henry S. Creal Trustee Thomas Price Trustee Wiley M. English Trustee Thomas Wildbahn ... Trustee Lewis Tracy Trustee A. D. Madeira Clerk V. Tiuller Constable and Collector John Curd Treasurer H. S. Smith Assessor Simeon Kemper. Surveyor V. Tuller' , Street Commissioner D. G. Keedy Health Officer 1850. James A. Anthony President Lewis Tracy ^ Trustee 442 HISTORY OF ST. JOSEPH. John Rhode William M. Carter James B. Pendleton Abraham M. Dillon Lewis Stigers . ... ... Trustee Trustee Trustee Trustee Trustee Joseph J. Wyatt Clerk V. Tuller Constable and Collector John Curd Treasurer James O'Donoghue ... . . Assessor Simeon Kemper Surveyor William Langston .Street Commissioner J. H. Crane Health Officer 1851. Thomas Mills Mayor John Angel Councilman First Ward James B. Pendleton William M.Carter... Councilman Second Ward Israel Landis . " " James A. Anthony Councilman Third Ward John H. Whitehead Milton H. Wash City Register Alexander W. Terrel City Attorney F. M. Wright Marshal and Collector John Curd Treasurer Isadore Ponlin Assessor Charles Schreiber .... City Engineer Johnson Copeland Street Commissioner J. H. Crane Health Officer V. Tuller Market Master R. L. McGee Wharf Master 1852. Robert B. Lambdin Maybr John Angel Councilman First Ward James B. Pendleton .... " « " Joel J. Penick Councilman Second Ward W.M.Carter John H. Whitehead Councilman Third Ward B. F. Loan Milton H. Wash ... City Register John Scott City Attorney Allen McNew Marshal and Collector John Curd Treasurer HISTORY OF ST. JOSEPH. 445 F. M. Wright Assessor Charles Schreiber City Engineer James Connell Street Commissioner James Sykes . "... Health Officer V. Tuller Market Master George Merlatt Wharf Master 1853- James A. Anthony ... Mayor H. D. Louthen Councilman First Ward B. O'Driscoll . W. M. Carter Councilman Second Ward Joel J. Penick John H. Whitehead Councilman Third Ward Thomas Wildbahn Milton H. Wash City Register John Scott City Attorney Allen McNew Marshal and Collector John Curd Treasurer James A. Owen Assessor Charles Schreiber City Engineer James Connell Street Commissioner James Sykes Health Officer V. Tuller Market Master George Merlatt . , . Wharf Master 1854. Robert Boyle Mayor John C. Cargill Councilman First Ward Emery Livermore " " " R. W. Donnell Councilman Second Ward Joseph C. Hull Thomas Wildbahn Councilman Third Ward Robert L. McGee Milton H. Wash City Register John Scott City Attorney George Merlatt '. Marshall and Collector John Curd .' ' Treasurer Felix Robidoux Assessor Mereweather Thompson .... City Engineer Jesse B. Lowe Street Commissioner James Sykes Health Officer James O'Keefe Wharf Master 444 HISTORY OF ST. JOSEPH. 1855. J. M. Bassett Mayof H. D. Louthen . . . , Councilman First Ward James B. Pendleton Joseph C. Hull Councilman Second Ward Preston T. Moss . . , Armstrong Beattie Councilman Third Ward John O. Fisher Milton H. Wash City Register John Scott City Attorney A. A. Dougherty City Recorder George Merlatt Marshal and Collector John Curd Treasurer William C. Toole Assessor Mereweather Thompson City Engineer A. L. Creal , . . , , Street Commissioner John A. Chambers Health Officer George Merlatt , Wharf Master John Fox Market Master 18S6, John Corby Mayor John Angel Councilman First Ward James B. Pendleton " " O. B. Knode . Councilman Second Ward Preston T. Moss Armstrong Beattie Councilman Third Ward John O. Fisher W. C. Toole City Register Alexander Davis City Attorney George Merlatt City Recorder John Curd Treasurer John A. Dolman Assessor Simeon Kemper City Engineer Robert Dixon Street Commissioner J. H. Crane Health Officer John Fox Market Master John Fox . , Wharf Master 1857. A. Beattie Mayor F. W. Smith Councilman First Ward N. J. McAshan " " " HISTORY OF ST. JOSEPH. 445 '0. B. Knode .'.Councilman Second Ward Charles Kearney " " " John J. Johnson Councilman Third Ward Samuel Floyd William C. Toole City Register Thomas Thoroughman City Attorney Felix Robidoux City Recorder Shad R. Wages Marshal and Collector John Curd , . . Treasurer James A. Owens Assessor Charles Housding City Engineer A. L. Creal . . , Street Commissioner C. F. Knight Health Officer John Fox Market Master John Fox Wharf Master 1858. A. Beattie Mayor H. J. McAshan Councilman First Ward John Rhodes O. B. Knode Councilman Second Ward J. A. Chambers John J. Johnson Councilman Third Ward Samuel G. Floyd William C. Toole City Register Thomas Thoroughman City Attorney Felix Robidoux City Recorder Shad R. Wages Marshal and Collector John Curd Treasurer James A. Owens Assessor Charles Housding City Engineer A. L. Creal Street Commissioner J. G. Meacher Health Officer John Fox , : Market Master John Fox Wharf Master 1859. M. Jeff Thompson . Michael McGee William Lenox. . . Thomas Keys Wm. J. Taylor. . James Highly Samuel G. Floyd Mayor .Councilman First Ward . Councilman Second Ward . . Councilman Third Ward 446 HISTORY OF ST. JOSEPH. William C. Toole City Register W. R. Likens City Attorney John A. Dolman ... City Recorder Shad R. Wages Marshal and Collector John Curd Treasurer Charles Thompson Assessor p. K. O'Donnell City Engineer Thomas Byrne Street Commissioner J. G. Meacher Health Officer James B. Alder Market Master Robert Boyle Wharf Master i860. A. Beattie Mayor W. R. Penick Councilman First Ward John Rhode D. J. Heaton .... Councilman Second Ward R. F. Maxwell J. J. Johnson Councilman Third Ward P. L. McLaughlin W. C. Toole City Register Joseph P. Grubb City Attorney John A. Dolman City Recorder Allen McNew Collector and Marshal John Curd Treasurer Preston T. Moss Assessor P. K. O'Donnell City Engineer Charles Lehman Street Commissioner C.F. Knight , Health Officer John Fox Market Master Joshua Blangy Wharf Master John Cowie Weigh Master F. W. Smith , . Mayor Michael McGee Councilman First Ward Louis Hax ... " " " A. G. Clark Councilman Second Ward John Saunders, Sr " " " James A. Storm Councilman Third Ward Samuel H. Boyd " " " William C. Toole City Register Isaac C. Parker City Attorney John A. Dolman City Recorder HISTORY OF ST. JOSEPH.. 447 Allen McNew MarS'hal and Collector John Curd Treasurer Joseph McAleer Assessor Charles Housding City Engineer John Sheehan Street Commissioner Hugh Trevor Health Officer John Fox Market Master John Fox Wharf Master John Cowie Weigh Master 1862. Thomas Harbine Mayor James Tracy Councilman First Ward EHas Eppstein , George T. Hoagland Councilman Second Ward William Fowler Joseph C. Hull Councilman Third Ward John C-oHioun W. C. Toole City Register R. J. S. Wise ...,...' Marshal and Collector John Curd Treasurer Cyrus E. Kemp Assessor P. K. O'Donnell City Engineer J. B. Harder Street Commissioner W. I. Heddens Health Officer John Fox Market Master John Fox Wharf Master Gotleib Volmer Weigh Master 1863. Thomas Harbine Mayor J. D. McNeely Councilman First Ward G. W. H. Landon Antoine Kloss Councilman Second Ward R. Fisher Joseph Steinacker Councilman Third Ward Henry Boder W. C. Toole . City Register Isaac C. Parker City Attorney M. L. Harrington City Recorder R. J. S. Wise Collector and Marshal George Lyon Treasurer Charles Housding City Engineer J- B. Harder Street Commissioner 448 HISTORY OF ST. JOSEPH. John Fox ... E. H. Saville . . . iGotleib Volmer .Market Master , Assessor . . Weigh Master 1864. ... Mayof' . Councilman First Ward .Councilman Second Ward ^. R. Penick ("elected for two years) ... , T. H. Ritchie W. Z. Ransom . .• John R. Bell W. L. Chadwick John Corby Councilman Third Ward Geo. T. Hoagland J. D. McNeely Councilman Fourth Ward A. Andriano H. N. Turner Councilman Fifth Ward Jeremiah Whalen .' . " " John A. Dolman . .. .;. . City Register James Hunter .City Attorney W. C. Toole City Recorder E. H. Saville . . '. . . Collector and Marshal George Lyon Treasurer Charles Housding City Engineer J. B. Harder Street Commissioner John Angel Assessor James F. Bruner Health Officer David Bender Wharf Master Gotleib Volmer Weigh Master 1865. W. R. Penick W. Z. Ransom W. M. Albin W. L. Chadwick John Colhoun John Corby. . . Geo. T. Hoagland J. D. McNeely A. Andriano. " " " H. N. Turner Councilman Fifth Ward Isaac Wilkins " " " John A. Dolman .City Register J. B. Hawley . City Recorder E. H. Saville Collector and Marshal James Hunter ... City Attorney Mayor . . . Councilman First Ward .Councilman Second Ward it U t( . . .Councilman Third Ward . Councilman Fourth Ward HISTORY OF ST. JOSEPH.. 449 George Lyon . Treasurer J. B. Harder Assessor Charles Housding . City Engirteer Wm. B. Gilmore Street Commissioner J. F. Bruner Health Officer David Bender Wharf Master Gotleib Volmer ... Market Master 1866. A. Beattie Mayor W. Z. Ransom Councilman First Ward W. M. Albin W. L. Chadwick Councilman Second Ward Ed. R. Brandow Geo. T. Hoagland Councilman Third Ward Samuel Hays " A. Andriano Councilman Fourth Ward Bernard Patton ■ " Jeremiah Whalen Councilman Fifth Ward Isaac Wilkins Thomas H. Ritchie City Register Jeff. Chandler City Attorney J, B. Hawley City Recorder Enos Craig . . Marshal Thomas Henry Collector Samuel S. McGibbons . Treasurer James A. Matney Assessor John Severance .City Engineer J. L. Bowne.' Street Com.missioner F. T. Davis Health Officer George \y. Britton Market Master John Fox Weigh Master D. L. Walsworth . Wood Inspector Dennis Burns Calaboose Keeper E. J. Knapp Inspector Weights and Measures Dennis Burns Weigh Master Second Ward 1867. Francis J. Davis : Mayor Thomas Henry • • • Collector Samuel S. McGibbons Treasurer John E. McGinty Assessor John Severance City Engineer 450 HISTORY OF ST. JOSEPH. John Quigley Assistant City Engineer Joseph A. Corby John Sheehan Street Commissioner R. C. Bradshaw City Register William W. Brown ... Clerk George W. Britton, Market Master R. J. Knapp Wharf Master John Fox Weigh Master Fourth Ward John Sheehan " Second " M. A. Ashbrook . . " Fred'k Av. E. J. Knapp Wood Inspector Third Ward John Sheehan " Second " Edward Mulry Inspector Weights and Measures John Sheehan ... Calaboose Keeper John A. Dolman President of Council R. C. Bradshaw Clerk W. Z. Ransom Councilman First Ward Philip Finger J. H. Dayton . . Councilman Second Ward Robert Gunn John Corby Councilman Third Ward John A. Dolman J. D. McNeely .. ... . Councilman Fourth Ward D. H. Winton P. H. Early ; Councilman Fifth Ward M. Fitzgerald Philip Finger, D. H. Winton and M. Fitzgerald, Standing Commit- tee on Public Works. 1868. G. H. Hall Mayor F. Kiley Councilman First Ward W. Z. Ransom I. V. Riley Councilman Second Ward O. M. Smith John A. Dolman Councilman Third Ward Thomas E. Tootle " " D. H. Winton ... Councilman Fourth Ward M. McGee. P. H. Early '...:... Councilman Fifth Ward M. Fitzgerald " " " R. C. Bradshaw City Register Thomas Henry Collector W. O'Donoghue Assessor HISTORY OF ST. JOSEPH. 45 r John Bloomer Street Commissioner Dr. A. V. Banes Health Officer I. N. Thompson Market Maste 1869. George H. Hall Mayor F. Kiley Councilman First Ward J. C. Kessler " " Robert Gunn Councilman Second Ward I. V. Riley J. A. Dolman Councilman Third Ward A. C. V. McNeal D. H. Winton Councilman Fourth Ward Philip Finger P. H. Early Councilman Fifth Ward M.Fitzgerald W. H. Collins Treasurer R. C. Bradshaw City Register James A. Matney ,. . . Assessor Thomas Henry City Collector Allen McNew City Marshal John Severance City Engineer G. B. Skinner Street Commissioner I. N. Thompson Market Master A. V Banes Health Officer Charles M. Thompson City Recorder 1870. John Severance Mayor J. C. Kessler Councilman First Ward Seymour Jenkins " " " Robt. Gunn Councilman Second Ward George Buell A. C. V. McNeal Councilman Third Ward C. W. Davenport P. Pinger Councilman Fourth Ward Geo. R. Hildebrant . M. Fitzgerald Councilman Fifth Ward Henry Blum ... 1. G. Knapper Treasurer H. R. W. Hartwig City Collector W. W. Brown City Register W. Drumhiller. ... City Recorder 452 HISTORY OF ST. JOSEPH. J. Chandler City Attorney L. Stroud City Marshal E. H. Saville _ Assessor A. A. Robinson . City Engineer W Frick Street Commissioner W. B. Lewis Market Master J. D. Smith Health Officer 1871. John Severance Mayor Seymour Jenkins Councilman First Ward Joseph Diedrich " * " George Buell Councilman Second Ward Fred Westpheling. . . . : C. W. Davenport Councilman Third Ward E. Toole Geo. R. Hildebrant Councilman Fourth Ward Jno. Burnside " " " Henry Blum Councilman Fifth Ward Jas Bowen W. W. Brown City Register Wm. Drumhiller Recorder Jeff Chandler City Attorney H. R. W. Hartwig ^. ...Collector I. G. Kappner Treasurer J. B. Hawley Assessor Louis Stroud Marshal John Quigley City Engineer C. F. Knight Health Officer 1872. John Severance Mayor J. Diedrich Councilman First Ward Seymour Jenkins : " " " Fred Westpheling .Councilman Second Ward Oscar Schramm " " Edwin Toole .Councilman Third Ward Isaac Curd John Burnside Councilman Fourth Wardl John Keiffer James Bowen . Councilman Fifth Ward E. W. Ray W. W. Brown City Register HISTORY OF ST. JOSEPH. 453 C. M. Thompson . City Recorder W. D. O'Toole City Attorney Thomas H. Ritchie .... Marshal Geo. M. Hauck City Collector H. N. Turner Treasurer Wm. Drumhiller Assessor John Quigley City Engineer Dr. J. A. Gore Health Officer 1873- John Severance Mayor Joseph Diedrich Councilman First Ward Seymour Jenkins ... " " " J. H. Dayton Councilman Second Ward Oscar Schramm " " " J. M. Street Councilman Third Ward Isaac Curd ' Geo. R. Hildebrant Councilnnan Fourth Ward John Keiffer Joseph Hermann Councilman Fifth Ward E.W.Ray H. N. Turner Treasurer W. W. Brown City Register Geo. M. Hauck City Collector Wm. Drumhiller Assessor William D. O'Toole City Attorney Thomas H. Ritchie Marshal C. M. Thompson ' City Recorder John Quigley - . . City Engineer Dr. C. F. Knight Health Officer Augustus Saltzman Chief Engirjeer Fire Department 1874. Isaac T. Hosea Mayor Seymour Jenkins Councihrian First Ward Joseph Diedrich " " James H. Dayton Councilman Second Ward Oscar Schramm " " " James M. Street , Councilman Third Ward Donald M. McDonald Geo. R. Hildebrant Councilman Fourth Ward William Seidenfaden " '■ " Joseph Hermann Councilman Fifth Ward Michael Kiley, 454 HISTORY OF ST. JOSEPH. W. B. Johnson Treasurer '. Hardin A. Davis City Register Daniel T. Lysaght City Collector James H. Ringo Assessor John T. Baldwin City Attorney Jno. Broder City Marshal C. M. Thompson City Recorder John Quigley City Engineer 1875. Isaac T. Hosea Mayor Joseph Diedrich Councilman First Ward Seymour Jenkins " " •Oscar Schramm Councilman Second Ward J. H. Dayton William H. Wood Councilman Third Ward James M. Street George R. Hildebrant Councilman Fourth Ward William Seidenfaden Michael Kiley ... Councilman Fifth Ward Joseph Hermann " u u W. B. Johnson : Treasurer Hardin A. Davis City Register Daniel T. Lysaght . City Collector James H. Ringo .Assessor John T. Baldwin ... . .' City Attorney John Broder City Marshal Charles M. Thompson . City Recorder John Quigley City Engineer J. M. D. France Health Officer 1876. Isaac T. Hosea ??Iayor Seymour Jenkins Councilman First Ward Jacob Arnholt Oscar Schramm ... Councilman Second Ward J. H. Dayton William H. Wood ... Councilman Third Ward Thomas H. Hail . " " " J. D. McNeely Councilman Fourth Ward William Seidenfaden ... " " " Michael Kiley Councilman Fifth Ward Charles H. McKinnis HISTORY OF ST. JOSEPH. 455 William B. Johnson . Hardin A. Davis . C M. Thompson. . . . John T. Baldwin . . . Daniel T. Lysaght . . John Broder Thomas M. Long. . . James A. Millan . . John Clark . . . ■Cyrenus Cox . Dr. D. I. Christopher .... Treasurer .City Register . City Recorder City Attorney . City Collector .City Marshal City Engineer Assessor .Street Commissioner . . . Market Master Health Officer 1877. Mayor .Councilman First Ward .Councilman Second Ward Councilman Third Ward .Councilman Fourth Ward Councilman Fifth Ward A. Beattie J. Arnholt .... ... Charles Howe .... J. H. Dayton George W. Morris . Thomas H. Hail H. C. Cockrill W. Sidenfaden J. Mclnerny T. Aylesbury . Jno. Kieffer Geo. C. Hull ... Treasurer E. J. Crowther. . . City Register R. B. Fleming City Recorder W. P. Hall, Jr City Attorney H. N. Turner . . City Collector J. A. Millan . Assessor B. F. Buzard City Marshal J. McCabe City Engineer F. Kiley Street Commissioner T. H. Doyle Health Officer T. R. Smith Market Master B. R. Vineyard . City Counselor 1878. Mayor Councilman First Ward A. Beattie . ... Seymour Jenkins Charles Howe " George W. Morris Councilman Second Ward Thomas H. Hail Councilman Third Ward H. C. Cockrill 456 HISTORY OF ST. JOSEPH. J. D. McNeely . .. - Councilman Fourth WarcS J. Mclnerny .- " " " T. Aylesbury Councilman Fifth Ward M. Hickey G. C. Hull Treasurer Enos J. Crowther City Register R. B. Fleming City Recorder W. P. Hall, Jr City Attorney H. N. Turner City Collector B. F. Buzard City Marshal J. M. McCabe City Engineer John T. Baldwin • Assessor F. Kiley Street Commissioner T. R. Smith Market Master T. H. Doyle Health Officer B. R. Vineyard City Counselor 1879. J. A. Finer ' Mayor Seymour Jenkins Councilman First Ward John Newcum " " " George W. Morris Councilman Second Ward I. B. Thompson " " " C. W. Campbell Councilman Third Ward S. Westheimer " ^ " ij. D. McNeely Councilman Fourth Ward J. Mclnerny " " " T. Aylesbury Councilman Fifth Ward M. Hickey George W. Belt Treasurer Enos J. Crowther , City Register S. B. Green City Recorder William Fitzgerald City Attorney H. N. Turner City Collector Phil. Rogers City Marshal J. M. McCabe City Engirteen R. C. Bvadshaw Assessor I. N. Brooks Street Commissioner Samuel Hattabaugh Market Master J. A. Gore Health Officer Andrew Royal City Counselor 1880. J. A. Piner Mayor Seymour Jenkins Councilman First Ward HISTORY OF ST. JOSEPH. 457 John Newcum Councilman First Ward €eorge W. Morris • . . . Councilman Second Ward I. B. Thompson " " C. W. Campbell Councilman Third Ward S. Westheimer " " " J. W. Atwill Councilman Fourth Ward J. Mclnerny " T. Aylesbury Councilman Fifth Ward M. Hickey ■George W. Belt Treasurer Enos J. Crowther City Register S. B. Green City Recorder William Fitzgerald City Attorney H. N. Turner City Collector Phil. Rogers Marshal M. J. McCabe City Engineer R. C. Bradshaw Assessor I. N. Brooks . . . . ■ Street Commissioner Samuel Hattabaugh Market Master J A. Gore Health Officer M. Oliver , . ^ City Counselor 1881 J. A. Finer Mayor Seymour Jenkins Councilman First Ward S. Geiger . J. S. Lenion Councilman Second Ward I. B. Thompson C. W. Campbell Councilman Third Ward S. Westheimer " *' " J. W. Atwill ' . . Councilman Fourth Ward E. Wagner R. H. Womach Councilman Fifth Ward O. Hare C. Frenger Treasurer J- H. Ringo City Register G. W. Belt City Recorder Joseph Andriano 1 City Collector E. J. Crowther City Attorney Enos Craig City Marshal M. J. McCabe City Engineer R- C. Bradshaw Assessor H. Dunn Street Commisioner P- J. Kirschner City Health Officer • CHAPTER VL NEWSPAPERS. Soon after the organization of the churches and schools in St. Joseph, the printing press was set up, thus completing the means of laying the foundation for a progressive and intelligent people. THE GAZETTE. The first newspaper, the Gazette, a weekly, was established in St. Joseph in i845,,its first issue appearing on Friday, the 25th day of April,, of that year. The proprietor was William Ridenbaugh. When com- mencing the publication of his paper he had extensively circulated throughout Buchanan and the adjoining counties, the following ptos- pectus : PROSPECTUS OF THE ST. JOSEPH GAZETTE. The undersigned has commenced the publication of a newspaper under the above title in St. Joseph, Buchanan County, Missouri. This point is believed to be the most favorable in upper Missouri for the dis- semination of news, destined as it is shortly to be the commercial empo- rium, not only of the greater part of the Platte country, but also of much the largest portion of the fertile and growing region lying along North Grand River. The Gazette will aim to bring into notice the wealth and resources of this magnificent region, and lend a helping hand to what- ever may develop its greatness and hasten its onward march in improve- ment and prosperity. In politics it will maintain the principles of the Democratic faith, which have once more triumphed so gloriously in the late presidential campaign, and will give a steady support to the adminis- tration of James K. Polk. Apart from politics, the paper will contain all the news of the day, congressional, foreign and domestic ; th^ state of the markets, carefully prepared ; authentic information of the Oregon and Texas movements, which are of so much interest in this section just now, and likely to be so for many years, etc., etc. In a word, the .undersigned will spare no pains to make his journal an agreeable companion in every circle. Edited by L. Archer. Terms, $2 per annum, in advance, or $3 at the end of the year. WM. RIDENBAUGH, Proprietor and Printer. HISTORY OF ST. JOSEPH. 459 The first issue of the Gazette contained the inaugural address of James K. Polk, President of the United States, some carefully selected reading matter from the best authors of that day, including the then recently published poem entitled " Stanzas," by Henry W. Longfellow, two or three editorials upon the political status of the country, quite an array of advertisements and the following local notice : Married, on Wednesday, i6th inst., by the Rev. William Worley, Mr. George Mark to Eliza Hines, daughter of William Hines, all of this county. We have been informed that the type used at that period in the Gazette office, was a portion of the type owned by the Mormons as early as 1833, and used in the publication of a weekly paper, published by them at Independence, Missouri, called the Evening Star. In this paper, appeared weekly installments of " revelations," promising wonderful things to the faithful, and still more wonderful things against the un- godly Gentiles. So bitter and denunciatory was their paper that the indignant and outraged Gentiles seized the press and type, and threw them into the Missouri River. The type, thereafter, being partially re- covered, became the property of Mr. Ridenbaugh, who brought it with him to St. Joseph, where it did good service in the production of the Gazette for many years. The first journeyman employed on the Gazette was Ichabod Hathaway, who afterwards learned the profession of dentistry and immigrated to California. The first apprentice in the office was Henry C. Patchen. In 1854, the paper passed into the hands of Holly & Carter, and then to General Lucien Eastin. In 1854, the Gazette was purchased by P. S. Pfouts and J. H. R. Cundiff, who, in 1857, began to publish the daily Gazette, the first daily newspaper ever published in St. Joseph. In January, 1876, Captain Posegate, in an address delivered at a banquet, speaks of the founder of the Gazette as follows : "To the memory of William Ridenbaugh we may drop a tear, for no better printer, nor truer-hearted nor bigger-souled man ever walked the streets of St. Joseph. No widow nor orphan ever appealed in vain ; no printer ever asked of him and did not receive. He had ' charity for all and malice for none.' Peace be to his ashes." February 4, 1862, George Rees and Jacob T. Child, who had pur- chased from Wm. Ridenbaugh the office, equipments, franchise, etc., of the Daily and Weekly Gazette, which had been suspended since the pre- vious year, appeared in their first issue. Ridenbaugh, the original pro- prietor and founder of the paper, held a mortgage on the concern, which, being unsatisfied at the period of the suspension of the paper and with- drawal from St. Joseph of Pfouts and Cundiff, its owners and publishers, at the breaking out of the war, the same was foreclosed. Rees and Child 460 HISTORY OF ST. JOSEPH. then became the owners of the Gazette, subject to the same mortgage, they being unable to pay the full amount of the value of the paper. They published the paper together till July, 1862, when J. T. Child withdrew from the partnership. Rees continued the publication of the Gazette till the following November, when, deeming the risk and annoy- ance of publishing a paper under difficulties consequent on the distracted condition of the country incommensurate to the dignity and emoluments of the proprietorship, he surrendered possession to the original owner and mortgagee and retired to private life. The paper was not again revived under its proper, original and present name till after the close of the civil war. In the summer of 1864, Jacob T. Child and Charles Thompson, started, on the Gazette press, a paper called the Evening News. It was a campaign publication, in the interest of George B. McClel- lan, and expired after the Presidential election. The material with which they printed the paper they afterwards sold to the Tribune company. June 28, 1868, the Gazette again appeared and in entire new dress, from new material purchased in Cincinnati, Ohio. William Ridenbaugh, Colonel J. H. R. Cundiff and Peter Nugent composed the publishing firm. To Cundiff was assigned the editorial management, Ridenbaugh assumed charge of the business office, and Nugent of the mechanical department. A job office was shortly after added. This associatioiii continued till the fall of 1873, when the paper was sold and Joseph Corby and Peter Nugent became the purchasers for the sum of $25,000. The issue of Saturday, December 20th, 1873, came out with "Jos. A. Corby & Co., Proprietors,'' at the head of its columns. Some time after, the paper was sold by Mrs. Corby, who held a lien on the office. F. M. Tufts, George W. Belt and J. B. Maynard became purchasers and immediately assumed possession, styling themselves the "Gazette Printing Company." Towards the close of November, 1875, J. B. Maynard retired from the co-partnership and was succeeded by S. A. Gilbert. The Gazette's issue of Sunday morning, April 7th, 1878, first appeared in quarto form and astonished its readers by its announced consolidation, under the style of Saint Joseph Gazette-Chronicle, the latter, an evening Demo- cratic paper, published by Rev. M. B. Chapman. F. M. Tufts was announced as business manager. Between these two papers a bitter war had recently raged, and the consolidation astonished the reading public. In the issue of June 15, 1878, still styled the "Gazette-Chronicle," the paper was changed back to its original, folio, form. F. M. Tufts and S. A. Gilbert were announced as retiring from the paper, and C. B. Wil- kinson and M. B. Chapman respectively succeeding to the management and editorship of the same. About this period, the name and style of the paper was "Gazette and Daily Chronicle." From the issue of Sun- HISTORT OF ST. JOSEPH. 46 1 day, September 29, 1878, the "and Daily Chronicle" was dropped and the paper again appeared under its ancient and original title. The Gazette oF November 21, 1878, says: "The entire Gazette establishment, including type, presses, accounts, good will and telegraph franchise was sold yesterday, under deed of trust, held by D. D. Burnes, of St. Joseph, originally given to secure the purchase money when Belt and Tufts bought the paper from Nugent and Corby, five years ago. Charles B. Wilkinson purchased the establishment as trustee for parties in New York, who advanced the purchase money. Mr. Wilkinson, this morning, assumes sole editorial and business management of the paper." In the Gazette of March 12, 1879, appeared the following: "Upon the old original mortgage made by the Gazette-Chronicle Company,, to George C. Hull, trustee, to secure a debt contracted during the reign of Gilbert, Tufts and Maynard, the Gazette was sold yesterday. The future publishers and proprietors will be the Gazette Publishing Co. This cor- poration will be under the direction of a board of trustees consisting of C. B. Wilkinson, Lewis Burnes and W. E. Smedley, ol New York. Mr. Wilkinson will remain in charge of the editorial department." Colonel C. B. Wilkinson remained editor of the Gazette till July 12, 1879, when he moved to Denver, where he died in January, 1881. November 17, 1879, Lewis Burnes died. The paper is still (1881) con- ducted by the Gazette Publishing Company, of which James N. Burnes, Jr., is President. THE ADVENTURE. The second newspaper started in St. Joseph was the Adventure, a Whig sheet, which made its first appearance in 1848. It was published by E. Livermore, and was at that period regarded as a worthy rival of the Gazette, its sole competitor in the county. In March, 1853, James A. Millan, (present Recorder of Deeds of Buchanan County), purchased from Livermore this paper, and changed its name, calling it THE CYCLE. It was published as an independent sheet. About a year after his pur- chase of this paper, he took into partnership E. C. Davis, the first State Superintendent of Public Schools elected in Missouri. A short time after this arrangement, in consequence of difference of political sentiment, J. A. Millan being a Democrat, the partnership was dissolved, E. C. Davis huying out his associate. The latter published the Cycle as a Whig paper about one year, when he, in turn, sold out to Matt. France, who 'Continued to publish it as a Whig paper about the period of another year. France then sold to Asa K. Miller and J. T. Child, who changed the name of the paper, calling it 462 . HISTORY OF ST. JOSEPH. THE JOURNAL. This was about 1856 or 1857. I" 1858, '59 and '60, the Journal was edited and published by John P. Bruce and Jacob T. Child. This paper strongly- advocated the claims of Bell and Everett during the presidential canvass. It suspended publication about 1862. It may not be improper to state here that in the spring of 1856, the first job printing office was opened in St. Joseph.' This enterprise was started by Millan & Posegate, on the south side of Francis, between Main and Second Streets. Eighteen months after, the latter sold out for the purpose of engaging in the publication of a newspaper, and on May I, 1858, F. M. Posegate, who had learned the printing business in the Cycle office, under Jas. A. Millan, issued the first number of THE WEST, at that time, a handsomely printed, eight column weekly. His associ- ates in the enterprise were Washington Jones, and Edward Y. Shields, the latter a man of marked and widely recognized journalistic ability. The paper, with strong union proclivities, was independent in politics. F. M. Posegate, was afterwards one of the publishers of the St. Joseph Morning Herald, President of the St. Joseph Steam Printing Company, and Postmaster of St. Joseph nearly four years. In the spring of 1859 a daily was started in connection with the weekly West. February 6, i860, F. M. Posegate bought out his partners and be- came sole editor and proprietor of the paper, warmly and ably supporting the claims of the Bell and Everett party. In August, i860, he sold the West to James Tracy & Co. The Com- pany of the concern included B. Y. Fish, E. Y. Shields and George Baxter. The paper, under this management, advocated the claims of John C. Breckenridge to the Presidency, and boldly avowed its secession sentiments. During the winter of 1860-61, the publication of the paper was sus- pended. The Hoe cylinder press and other superior appliances of a first- class newspaper office, which belonged to the West Company, were sold and became the property of Colonel C. B. Wilkinson, who started there- with a Republican paper, the ST. JOSEPH MORNING HERALD. • The press is still (1881) in use in the Herald office. The first issue of this, then a six column daily, appeared Wednesday, February 12, 1862, Wilkinson & McKibbin, editors and proprietors. In the issue of April 10, 1862, the proprietorship was announced under the style of Wilkinson & Co. Saturday, October i, 1864, the Morning Herald appeared con- solidated with the Daily Tribune. It continued to be published in this HISTORY OF ST. JOSEPH. . 463 style till July 25, 1866, when "Daily Tribune" was dropped from its name and it again resumed its original simple title of Morning Herald. In 1867, F. M. Posegate, above referred to in connection with the West, returned to St. Joseph and took charge of the business manage- ment of the Herald, he having been absent a part of the seven years in Ohio, serving durifig said time four years in the Federal Army, during which he rose from the ranks in the Forty-eighth Ohio, to the grade of Captain. He remained with the Herald three years, the first two as business manager for Wilkinson & Bittinger, and the third as a partner of the former, he having bought the interest of John L. Bittinger. In the summer of 1869, Wilkinson & Posegate sold out to Hallowell & Bittinger. In April, 1870, the firm became Hallowell, Bittinger & Co., C. B. Wilkinson constituting the company of the concern. About the end of August, 1870, Albert H. Hallowell withdrew from the partnership and severed his connection with the paper. The firm then became Wilkinson, Bittinger & Ward. July 8, 1871, Henry Ward withdrew from the partnership, and the firm became Wilkinson & Bit- tinger, continuing such till the whisky-ring developments of 1875, which wrecked the fortunes of both members of the firm. In the spring of 1876, John Severance, Wm. D. O'Toole and Major John T. Clements purchased the Herald. A short time after, W. W. Davenport, formerly publisher of the St. Charles, Mo., Cosmos, was admitted a member of the firm, which con- stituted what, they styled the Herald Printing Company. Under this administration the paper was a financial failure. July II, 1876, it appeared reduced from its former size, a nine-col- umn, to an eight-column sheet, and continued to be so published till near the close of September following, when Tracy & Co., became owners of the concern, and immediately restored the paper to its former size — a nine-column folio. The issue of September 26, 1876, was the first to appear with the announcement "Tracy & Co., Proprietors." The head of the firm was Frank M. Tracy, the Co. included Robert Tracy and D. W. Wilder. Robert Tracy subsequently severed his connection with the paper, and D. W. Wilder sold his interest to F. M. Tracy, recently appointed Postmaster of St. Joseph. D. W. Wilder, however, continued his con- nection with the editorial department, and June 2nd, 1879, a company being formed under the name and style of "The Herald Company," Mr. Wilder again became a stockholder in the concern. The original style of the paper, from the period of its coming into existence, was the " Saint Joseph Morning Herald." The issue of Tues- day, October 10, 1876, appeared first with its present title, "St. Joseph Herald." From the first origin of the Herald, a weekly edition has, in connection with the daily, been regularly issued. 464 HISTORY OF ST. JOSEPH. TH£- ST. JOSEPH WEEKLY FREE DEMOCRAT Was an eight-column sheet, its first number being issued May 29, 1859. The paper was printed on material brought from Kansas, and formerly used in the office of the Geary City EraJ at that time owned by Joseph Thompson and Earl Marble. E. H. Grant edited the paper, and was assisted in the business management by Joseph Thompson. It was neatly printed and extensively patronized, but during the short period of its existence failed to prove a financial success. John Doy, who had been tried in the St. Joseph Circuit Court and found, guilty of negro stealing, was in the St. Joseph jail, awaiting the issue of an application for a new trial. On the night of July 23, 1859, he was rescued by a band of ten men from Lawrence, Kansas, and liberated. This occurrence, as may be supposed, created intense excitement in St. Joseph. E. H. Grant, the editor, was charged with being an accomplice in the jail delivery, and his life threatened. To avoid any unpleasant con- sequences that might result from this condition of things, he left St. Joseph and went to St. Louis. His wife, Mrs. Sarah T. Grant, then assumed the editorial tripod, and the paper forthwith began to display a degree of ability it had failed before to manifest. On September 3, 1859, Frank M. Tracy, now, (1881), Postmaster of St. Joseph, and one of the publishers of the Herald, bought out the interest of E. H. Grant and Joseph Thompson, and assumed the publication of THE FREE DEMOCRAT. Under this management, the paper was conducted till September 15, i860, when D. W. Wilder, now, (1881), one of the editors of the St. Joseph Daily and Weekly Herald, bought an interest in the Free Democrat and became one of its editors. November 24, i860, B. P. Chenoweth became a member of the firm, the style of which was Tracy, Wilder & Chenoweth. December 31, i860, the publishers of the paper were indicted by a special grand jury for uttering and circulating incendiary publications. Judge Silas Woodson, afterwards Governor of the State, then occupied the bench. He charged the grand jury with special reference to the Free Dem- ocrat, a copy of which he then held in his hand. The publishers, get- ting wind of this, moved their editorial headquarters across the river to Elwood, Kansas, Joseph Thompson and Robert Tracy, however, contin- uing to print the paper in St. Joseph. About this time D. W. Wilder severed his connection with the Free Democrat, which was thereafter published by Tracy and Chenoweth. This continued till April, 1861. On the 13th of that month appeared the last issue of the Free Democrat in St Joseph. HISTORY OF ST. JOSEPH. 465 The proprietors, and every employe of the ofifice, immediately entered the Union army. All lived to return home at the close of the war. We state this latter fact on the authority of Mr. Joseph Thompson, a pfinter in the office, vi^ho was connected with the paper from the begin- ning of its career in St. Joseph till its final suspension. THE EVENING NEWS. the first paper of its kind in St. Joseph, was started in 1862, by Asa K. Miller, and lived about four months. This was about two years prior to the appearance of a campaign paper of the same name before referred to. In August, 1862, appeared the first issue of the DAILY TRIBUNE, A. K. Abeel, editor and publisher. It was a seven column sheet. Republi- can in politics. Shortly after starting the paper, Abeel sold a half inter- est in the same to Judge P. Bliss, and they continued to publish it together six or eight months. Colonel Albin, James T. Beach and James Hunter then purchased the other half from Abeel. A bitter war of words ensued about this period between the Tribune and the Morning Herald with reference to the claims of the rival journals on public adver- tising patronage. This continued till October, 1864, when the Tribune and Herald were consolidated. On the 7th December, 1864, appeared the first issue of the SAINT JOSEPH UNION, a daily and weekly paper established in consequence of the uniting of the Tribune with the Herald, and published in the interest of the extreme radical Republican party. The founders and first publishers of this journal were James Hunter and James T. Beach, at that time City Attorney,. E. J. Montague became its first political editor and con- tinued to fill that position a year and a half, when Judge P. Bliss assumed editorial charge. He continued in the same about a year. The first local editor of the Union was Jacob T. Child. Sherwood, Albin and Har- rington, late in the following year, became interested. Other parties became from time to time by the purchase of stock, interested in the publication of the Union. In the spring of 1866, James Hunter sold his interest in the paper to William Fowler and to A. N. Schuster. In the sumrner of the same year. Fowler, Schuster and others, who owned stock in the paper, sold out to J. W. Strong, who published the same till October following, when he sold and transferred the paper to James T. Beach and J. W. Dinsmore. They continued to publish the paper till early in 1868. Another stock 466 HISTORY OF ST. JOSEPH. company, called the Union Printing Company, was formed about this time. To this company Beach & Dinsmore sold out. The paper was then managed and edited by R. D. Mitchell. In March, 1869, about a year after this arrangement, the company sold out to Eugene Ayers and William Everett, who published it till about. January i, 1871, when it was sold to C. W. Marsh, formerly of the Hannibal Courier, and J. B. Hinman, now of the Chicago Times. During the period included between March, 1869 and January i, 1871, the subscription list was doubled. Marsh & Hinman published the Union about a year, when it finally suspended. There probably never was a paper published in the state with refer- ence to which there was, at different times, as much litigation. From the founding of the Union till the period of its sale to R. D. Mitchell, Willis M. Sherwood had large pecuniary means invested in the same. NEW ERA. In August, 1862, appeared in St. Joseph the first issue of the New Era, an eight-column weekly, published in the interest of the new order of things, by Harrison B. Branch, at that time Superintendent of Indian Affairs. In 1863 this paper was sold to a party who moved it to Savan- nah, Missouri. DAILY COMMERCIAL. The Daily Comrnercial was a small paper established in 1866, by Jule Robidoux & Co. Its career was brief. THE EVENING COMMERCIAL. The Evening Commercial, a daily Democratic paper, was started by Charles C. Scott, in 1872, and published by him two years. THE WEEKLY STANDARD. The Weekly Standard, the first illustrated paper published in the county, appeared in its first issue, Sept. 7, 1871. It was conducted by R. R. Calkins and continued till February i, 1875. It was independent in politics. THE VINDICATOR. The Vindicator, a Democratic paper, published by James A. Millan, first appeared in 1865, as a weekly. At the end of the first year of its existence, a daily edition was also issued from the same press. Both then continued to be published till the close of the second year. History of st. joseph. 467 the reflector. The Reflector, a weekly Democratic journal, published by James A. Millan, made its first appearance in St. Joseph in March, 1872, as an eight-column sheet. This was, soon after, enlarged to a nine-column. It was discontinued at the end of the first year. THE EVENING TRIBUNE was a small campaign daily published fifty-three days, from September, 1870, by Joseph Thompson and C. B. Bowman, in' the interest of the straight Republican party. THE BOARD OF TRADE CIRCULAR, an eight page four column monthly, was published from March, 1871, to April, 1873, by Woolworth & Co. The Co. of the concern was George Rees, " the printer.'' THE WEEKLY REPORTER. an independent journal, was established by Rev. M. B. Chapman, and made its first appearance May 8, 1875. It was published as the Reporter till September, 1875, when its name was changed to Saturday Chronicle, Loren Boyle becoming a partner in the publication of the paper. In July, 1876, the Daily Evening Chronicle was issued from the same press. On Saturday evening, April 6, 1878, appeared the last issue of the Even- ing Chronicle. On the following morning it appeared consolidated with the Gazette. THE MONDAY MORNING NEWS. was started by Isaac Pheifer. Its first issue appeared August 20, 1877. It soon fell into the hands of Col. C. B. Wilkinson, whose brilliant and versatile gifts of mind, coupled with his large and varied newspaper experience, soon achieved for his little paper a reputation which no other similar enterprise had before enjoyed. The last issue of the Monday Morning News appeared in June, 1878! when Colonel Wilkinson assumed editorial charge of the Daily and Weekly Gazette, which he afterwards purchased, as stated in our sketch of that paper. In July, 1878, a week or two after its suspension, the material and franchises of the Monday Morning News were purchased by George E. King, and used by him in publishing an illustrated weekly. This enter- prise was crowned with success. In October following he sold out to Judge Andrew Royal and W. M. Patton, who continued its publication under the original nanie of Monday Morning News. This, some time after, was changed to Western News. 468 HISTORY OF ST.. JOSEPH... May 3d, 1879, the Daily Evening News was started iir the office of the Western News by Judge A. Royal and George H. Cross. It was, at first, a small four-column sheet. September 3d follGwing, this was enlarged to a five-column sheet. April 19, 1881, the paper was pur- chased by W. F. Bassett and J- W. Spencer, who enlarged it to a six-column sheet, and otherwise greatly improved it. It has a large and rapidly increasing circulation. The weekly edition is still styled the Western News. THE EVENING REPORTER, started by Max Kauffman and Fred F. Schrader, made its- first appear- ance in June, 1878. In September following the paper died. THE TELEPHONE was another ephemeral periodical which came into existence August 12, 1878, and died in early infancy, its last issue appearing October 20, 1878. It was a tri-weekly, edited by F. M. Tufts. THE COLLEGE CHAPLET was a handsome four-column, eight-page, double sheet, published ire 1877, '78 and '79- The columns of this periodical were filled with the productions of the young ladies of St. Joseph Female College. THE GOOD WAY. The Good Way is a religious periodical which was started in Savannah, Mo., March i, 1879, Rev. J. W. Caughlan, editor. February I, 1880, it was moved to St. Joseph, where it is now (1881) published by the Southwestern Holiness Association, J. W. Caughlan, editor. It was,, at first, an eight page, twenty-four column paper. It now embraces; thirty-two columns. THE BUGLE AND STANDARD. The Bugle and Standard, started by Caughlan & Park, in Savannah, Mo., in August, 1879; was moved, with The Good Way, to St. Joseph, in February, 1880, where it continued to be published till April 25, 1880^ when it suspended. It was, at that time, edited by R. M. Tunnell, formerly editor of the Milan Ventilator. THE ST. JOSEPH DAILY ADVOCATE. The St. Joseph Daily Advocate, a one cent, four page evening paper, 10x13 inches, was started September 20, 1880, by J. D. McClain, the present (1881) editor and publisher. HISTORY OF ST. JOSEPH. 469 THE CATHOLIC TRIBUNE. The Catholic Tribune, a weekly journal, was founded in Kansas City, Mo., April, 1879. It was there published by Wm.'A. Maynard and W. W. Davis. In October, 1880, it was moved to St. Joseph, where it has since continued to be published by Davis & Royal. It is an eight page, six column paper. THE DAILY SUN. • The Daily Sun, founded by W. W. Davis and Phil. Schmitz, first appeared April 11, 1881. It expired April 23, 1881. ' THE SATURDAY DEMOCRAT. The Saturday Democrat, originally started in Savannah, Mo., Feb- ruary 14, 1880, by Geo. E. King, its present editor and proprietor, was a success from its first appearance. July 15th, following, without suspend- ing an issue, it uttered its first number in St. Joseph. It is a handsomely printed, fifty-six column quarto, the largest paper published in the city. As its name implies, it is Democratic in politics. Its columns are also largely devoted to literary, scientific and social matters. COMMERCIAL ADVICES. Commercial Advices, a weekly, issued every Saturday, made its first appearance February 9, 1878. It first appeared as a six column sheet, and was afterwards (January, 1881,) enlarged to a seven column. It still continues to be published by Dr. J. J. Jewitt, its founder. ST. JOSEPH VOLKSBLATT. The first German newspaper established in St. Joseph was the Volks- blatt, a Republican journal. It was started in 1856 by Leopold Harder,, who, two years after, sold the paper to J. H. Buschmann. This was in 1858. Francis Rodman, afterwards Secretary of State, was editor. Wednesday,, March 28, 1866, the daily evening edition, a five column paper, made its first appearance, this was started by Gustavus Heinricks. In 1868, R. L- Morgenstern purchased the paper and Leopold Marder became editor. November 8, 1868, Conrad Eichler and H. W. Kastor bought and conducted the paper. The firm was styled C. Eichler & Co. H. W. Kastor was editor. It was then enlarged to a six column, and, shortly after, to a seven column sheet. November 8, 1875, H. Brunsing purchased the interest of C. Eichler. Since that period to the present time (1881) the publishers of the Volksblatt have been H. Brunsing & Co. H. W. Kastor is still editor. 470 HISTORY OF ST. JOSEPH. September lo, 1879, the paper was enlarged to its present size, an eight ■column sheet. It is the- representative German newspaper of Upper Missouri and has a wide circulation. Leopold Marder, the founder of the Volksblatt, died 'in Omaha. THE ST. JOSEPH ANZEIGER. The St. Joseph Anzeiger, a German daily, made its first appearance •August 25, 1879. It was a seven column sheet, established by Kurth & Schrader. Its brief life ended September 17, 1879. ♦ We have spared no pains or expense in presenting a full and com- plete history of the newspapers and periodicals which have had an ex- istence in St. Joseph, beginning with the Gazette, which made its ap- pearance in April, 1845, and concluding with the Daily Sun, which was established in April, 1881, covering a period of thiity-six years. During this period there have been thirty-five papers, averaging almost one for each year. For the sake of convenience we here give a list of their names and the dates of their first publication : 1845 — Gazette. 1853— Cycle. 1856— Volksblatt. J 859 — Free Democrat. 1862 — Evening News. 1862 — New Era. 1865 — Vindicator. 1870 — Evening Tribune. 1872 — Evening Commercial. 1875— Weekly Reporter. ' 1875— Weekly Standard. 1877 — Monday Morning News. 1878— Illustrated Weekly News. 1878— Telephone. 1879 — Good Way. 1 879 — Anzeiger. 1880 — Catholic Tribune. 1881 — Daily Sun. 1848 — Adventure. 1856 — Journal. 1858— West. 1862— Herald. 1862 — Tribune. 1864 — Union. 1866 — Daily Commercial. 1 87 1 -3 — Board of Trade Circular 1872— Reflector. 1875 — Chronicle. 1876 — Evening Chronicle. 1877— College Chaplet. 1878 — Evening Reporter. 1878 — Commercial Advices. 1879 — Bugle and Standard. 1880 — Advocate. 1880 — Saturday Democrat. St. Joseph, as will be seen from the above list, has had during her brief existence of thirty-nine years, her full share of newspapers. No ■other city, perhaps, of her age and population can boast of having had a greater number, and none, we are sure, take them in the aggregate, have had a class of newspapers which have more faithfully and zealously advo- ■cated the interest of the city. HISTORY OF ST. JOSEPH. 471 St. Joseph has had, and has to-day, hundreds of enterprising and public spirited men, who are proud of their city- and punctilious about her claims of respect and who have done much for her material prosperity, but had it not been for her newspapers, which have so ably and earnestly sustained them in their efforts to build up the city, the embryo settle- ment of thirty-nine years ago would have scarcely emerged from its chrysalis condition. What, indeed, could St. Joseph have done without her newspapers .' What was it during her past struggles for recognition that was ever faithful and full of hope ? What is it, with unabated persistency that has constantly sent out its silent, yet potent messengers, through all the towns and cities of the East, inviting hither, with their thousand elo- quent tongues, capital, labor and skill ? What is it that has been chiefly instrumental in swelling her population, encouraging business and caus- ing St. Joseph to be known throughout the country as a thrifty city .' Need I say it is the St. Joseph press ? Deprive her of her press and you at once inflict a death-blow to her prosperity. Her people appreciate the fact that newspapers are the great educa- tors of the masses and constitute the only book of the millions, hence they believe in fostering and sustaining good and wholesome journalism. The editor of this work acknowledges himself greatly indebted to the Gazette, for much of the material which composes this history ; in fact, we hardly know what we could have done without its friendly aid and assistance. Being published cotemporaneously with the events as they have occurred in the city and county since 1845, and being the only file intact since that period, we have found it replete with invaluable facts and data, from which we have made frequent and copious extracts. 'THE LEVER THAT MOVES THE WORLD, — ! ! ii' "! Jl!&''^!!]ffi^' |i- ^-1 ' i -^g^^^^wg^ THIRD STREET, ST. JOSEPH, LOOKING SOUTH. CHAPTER VII. CHURCHES OF ST. JOSEPH. ROMAN CATHOLIC CHURCH. In 1838, a wandering Jesuit priest visited the obscure and lonely trading post at Blacksnake Hills. Here, in the rude log house of Joseph Robidoux, a primitive altar was extemporized from a common table, and, in the presence of the wondering red man and the scarcely less unculti- vated pioneer, was celebrated the sacrifice o-f the mass. This was the small beginning of the march of Christianity in our midst. In 1840, another transient priest made his appearance at the settle- ment, who elicited no small degree of comment, from the singular mark of a cross on the back of his coat. This was the Rev. Father VogeL On the 17th of June, 1847, the foundation of the brick church on the corner of Felix and Fifth Streets was laid. Services were held in this building before its completion, and in the same year, in September, the house was dedicated by the Rt. Rev. Bishop Kendrick, of St. Louis. In 1848, the two-story vestry was erected (brick) and in 1853 an addition of twenty-two and a half feet was made to the church. The lot was donated by Joseph Robidoux. At the organization of the church there were about twenty families, two of which were Irish and the balance Canadian French. In 1847, there were about three hundred members. The first permanent pastor in the church was Rev. Thomas Scanlan, who began his labors in 1847. His first service was in a frame building, belonging to Mr. Robidoux, on Jule Street, beyond the Blacksnake. He was succeeded by the Rev. D. F. Healy. Rev. Francis Russie succeeded Father Healy, and he, in turn, was succeeded by the Rev. S. A. Grugan. In 1859, the Rev. James Power assumed the duties of assistant min- ister, which position he filled until the removal of Father Scanlan, in i860. In i860. Rev. John Hennessey took charge of the pulpit, and con- tinued the charge of the same till 1866, when he was promoted to the See of Dubuque. His successor in St. Joseph was the Rev. James Power. The house of worship was abandoned in 1871, and used for a while there- after as a court house. In 1868, St. Joseph was erected into a diocese, •and the Rt. Rev, John Hogan was constituted Bishop of St Joseph. 474 HISTORY OF ST. JOSEPH. The cathedral building on Tenth Street, near Robidoux, is 88x166 feet. The principal material used in its construction is brick. It is of plainest Corinthian style, but substantial and chaste in appearance, costing about $70,000. The Church of the Immaculate Conception, on the corner of Tenth and Angelique Streets, was completed in 1868, costing $10,000. It is a gothic brick building and has a fine appearance. On Twelfth Street, near Monterey, in South St. Joseph, is the ele- gant ecclesiastical structure of St. Patrick's Church. This is a hand- some brick building of the Romanesque order, faced with cut stone. It was finished at a cost of $20,000. In 1873, the Rev. Eugene Kenny had charge of the church as pastor. In 1874 and 1875, the Cathedral is reported in charge of Rt. Rev. Bishop Hogan, assisted by Rev. Thos. Denny. Of the German Church of the Immaculate Conception, Very Rev. Charles Linenkamp was pastor in charge during the above mentioned period, and Rev. Eugene Kenny filled the pastorate of St. Patrick's Church. The report of January 1877, shows that Rt. Rev. John J. Hogan, Bishop, was assisted during the previous year at the Cathedral, by Rev. C. Kearful, Rev. M. Milay and Rev. James Herbert. No change re- ported in the ministry of the other Roman Catholic Churches during that period. January i, 1878. No change in the ministry of the Roman Catholic churches for this year. A bell and a belfry was added to the Cathedral at a cost of $2,500. There was also reported St. Roch's Church,, a wooden building, in the north part of the city, valued at $750, and used by the French Catholics. Rev. John Galvin, priest in charge. January i, 1879. Churches and ministering priests reported same as during previous year. January 1880. Rev. Fathers Ignatius and CuUen reported as assis- tants in the Cathedral. Since the death of Rev. Eugene Kenny, which occurred about the close of 1879, Rev. Thos. Walsh has had charge of St. Patrick's Church. The succeeding year shows no change. One of the most noted ecclesiastical structures in Northwest Mis- souri, and indeed in the state, is the CHURCH OF ST. JOHN, THE BAPTIST, Erected by Mrs. Corby to the memory of her late husband, John Corby, of St. Joseph. This church is situated about two miles north of the city limits, near the road leading to Amazonia. This is, perhaps, the most elegant and complete structure of the kind in Missouri, while in point of HISTORY OF ST. JOSEPH. 47f beauty of design, solidity of construction, and tasteful affd artistic ele- gance of finish, it will compare favorably with any similar edifice on the- continent. The principal material of which this rare specimen of archi- tectural beauty is constructed is our native limestone. The facings and interior stone-work are of a superior sandstone, brought from Carroll County, Missouri. The church is a gothic structure, built in the shape of a Latin cross, measuring in the clear eighty-four feet nine inches in length, and forty- eight feet nine inches across the transepts, and is capable of seating an audience of three hundred and fifty persons. The aisles are separated from the nave of the church, or rather, the limit of aisles is marked by rows of massive cast iron columns, painted in representation of stone, the only feature of the entire building that is not really what it appears to be. These pillars support the elaborately decorated. arches of the groined roof, which reflect with wonderfully beautiful effect the mellow light streaming through the variegated panes of the tall lancet windows by which the church is lighted. The pulpit, altar, font, etc., are all of massive sandstone. Even the mullions of the windows are of that solid material, while the window sashes are of iron. The aisles and chancel are paved with a beautiful variety of tesselated tiling of different colors, imported from the manufactory at Stoke-upon-Trent, in England. The doors, seats and light stairway leading to the organ loft, are the only features of the entire structure that are made of wood. The building is absolutely incombustible. The sixteen windows by which the church is lighted are glazed with stained glass of very supe- rior quality and beauty of design. The frescoing of tl^e groined arches is chaste and elaborate in design and reflects, in the execution, great credit on the artist. The walls of the aisles are decorated with full length paintings of the twelve apostles — six on each side. These are admirably executed, and all have the appearance of sculptures in alto relievo. In the sacristy or vestry, north of the altar, are depicted on the walls, in the same style of art, two scenes from the life of Christ, viz.: the Women at the Sepulchre and the Ascension. The external appearance of the bulling is solid and massive, and suggestive of the character of the ecclesiastical architecture of the old world. The roof is of slate. There is no steeple. Nor does this appear in the least a defect. On the summit of the east gable, at which is the front entrance, rises a small, but massive belfry, plain and in perfect keeping with the solid character of the edifice. On the northwest corner of the building, below a niche in the outer wall, on a plain tablet of sandstone, flanked by two columns in bas relief, appears the inscription, ''Erected to the Memory of John Corby, iSji" The cost of this structure, some- times styled the Corby Memorial Church, was nearly fifty thousand dol- 476 HISTORY OF ST. JOSEPH. lars. It is in the immediate care of an order of Monks, styled the "Fathers and Brothers of the Holy Cross." NEW SCHOOL PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH. The churches of a city, reflect in some measure, the social and religious life of its inhabitants. St. Joseph is a church-going city, and all the prominent religious sects, find here their representatives and exponents. In the year 1843, the first church was established in St. Joseph by the New School Presbyterians. In September of that year, the first sale of town lots was had. The Rev. T. S. Reeve, a minister attached to this church, was present at the sale, and about the same time preached the first Protestant sermon within the limits of the newly organized town, in a log house kept as a tavern by one Mr. Beattie on the corner of Main and Jule Streets, the site of the present Occidental Hotel. Once or twice during the winter of the same year, he preached at a grocery on Main Street, and other times in private houses. During the spring of 1844, the building of the first church was com- menced by the Rev. T. S. Reeve. It was a log building, twenty by thirty feet, near the corner of Third and Francis streets, on a lot owned by George Brubaker, and was finished during the winter 1844-45. The tim- ber for- the church building, was donated by William Langston, who owned a tract of woodland near the town. Parson Reeve, attended by a number of assistants, shouldered his axe, led the way into the country, and with his own hands, assisted in cutting down the first tree. " A stubborn, sturdy oak," for the building of the church. His wife did the cooking for the work- men during the progress of the building, the parson taking their dinners at the hour of noon. On the iSth day of September, 1844, the following persons, at their own request, were, by the Rev. T. S. Reeve, the pioneer minister, organ- ized into a Presbyterian Church, viz.: Abraham Brubaker, Mrs. Elizabeth Brubaker, Mrs. Nancy McMunn, Mrs. Luna Postal, George A. Smith, George Brubaker, Miss Julia A. Brubaker, Mrs. Jane McMunn, Mrs. Jane E. Reeve, and Mrs. Harriet Castle. On motion, it was resolved that the name of this church be styled the Presbyterian Church of St. Joseph. As to ecclesiastical connection, it was resolved that this church be under the care of the Lexington Pres- byterian Church of the United States of America. The congregation then elected George Brubaker a ruling elder in the church, which office, Mr. Brubaker having been previously ordained, consented to assume. HISTORY OF ST. JOSEPH. 477 The log church was first permanently occupied in the winter of 1844- 45. In the fall of the year 1844, the first Union Sabbath School was organized, and a committee of ladies sent out for the purpose of making collections for the school. Joseph Robidoux, the founder of the city, made the first donation of ten dollars in money for the school. This was the first time a subscription paper had ever been carried around, and it elicited some practical jokes from its novelty among those who subscribed, and who are now among the oldest citizens. The log church was also occupied once a month by the Methodist denomination for some time, and twice a month, until their own church ■was built in 1846. In August of that year, trustees were appointed, by the First Presbyterian Church, under the care of the Lexington Presby- tery, in connection with the "Constitutional General Assembly of. the Presbyterian Church." During the same year, a building committee was appointed to make the necessary arrangements for the erection of a new house of worship. Money was raised by subscription, and, in 1847, was ■erected the brick building on the northeast corner of Fourth and Francis streets, in dimensions fifty feet front by sixty feet. The first services were held in the church in the winter of 1849-50. This building was used without interruption till the closing of the cTiurch and dispersion of the congregation in 1861, at the breaking dut of the civil waf-. It then passed through various hands, till it finally became, by purchase, the property of the German congregation, now occupying it. As soon as the brick building was ready for occupancy, in the winter of 1848-49, the old log church, the first evecbuilt in St. Joseph, was sold to the First Missionary Baptist Society. When the New School Church was organized in 1843, it consisted of but the ten members whose names we mentioned in the beginning of this article. In 185 1, the congregation numbered one hundred and five members, and from the date of its orga- nization to July, 1858, the number of names had increased to one hun- dred and seventy-two. During the existence of this church, from its organization in 1843 to its dissolution in 1861, there were entered on its books the names of one hundred and ninety-five communicants. The Rev. T. S. Reeve, the first pastor of the church, continued his labors till the spring of 1855. From that time to the spring of 1857, the church was supplied by ministers from the Presbytery and traveling preachers in search of new locations. In 1857, the Rev. Frederick R. Gallager accepted a call from the church in St. Joseph, and began his labors in the summer of the same year, at a salary of one thousand dollars a year. At the end of his pastoral year, he resigned, and the church was with- out a minister until the spring of i860, when the Rev. P. E. Sheldon Was ■called to the charge of the church. He discharged the duties of pastor 30 478 HISTORY OF ST. JOSEPH. one year, at a salary of one thousand dollars. At the close of his annual term, the action of the Synod of Missouri, together with the difficulties occasioned by the war, resulted in the closing of the church and disband- ing of the congregation, many of whom then united with various churches in St. Joseph, several forming in part the present Westminster Church, some uniting with the Old School and others joining the Baptist, Con- gregational, etc. The Sabbath School of this church, was in its day, one of the best attended and most successfully conducted in the city. It numbered at one time from one hundred and fifty to two hundred scholars. The existing church book shows the following record : One suspended and afterwards reinstated ; eighteen died ; seventeen marriages took place ; fifty infants were baptized ; sixty-four adult baptisms took place in the church, snd seventy-six were dismissed by letter. WESTMINSTER PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH. The Westminster Presbyterian Church was organized in St. Joseph on the 9th of May, 1863. The church, at that time, numbered but twenty members, and was, for several months, without a regular pastor, different ministers preaching as occasion demanded and opportunity offered. On' the 31st of January, 1864, the Rev. B. B. Parsons, D.D., of Illi- nois, preached his first sermon to this congregation, and in May follow- ing was duly installed pastor, in charge of the Westminster Presbyterian Church. The original elders of this church were : Joseph Lambright and Elbridge Gurney; the deacons were Captain George Lyon, Robert F. Maxwell and Guy C. Barton, Esq. The church at this time occupied as a place of worship McLaughlin's Hall, on the corner of Second and Francis Streets. In January, 1864, John DeClue and Willis M. Sherwood were elected elders, which position they have held with credit to themselves and honor to the church. In October, 1866, the stone chapel on Felix, between Seventh and Eighth Streets, was completed and dedicated. This was designed to serve the purpose of a wing to the main body of a building which it was the intention of the congregation to erect at some future period, as necessity demanded and ability warranted. The lot on which the build- ing stands was donated to the church by Mr. E. Gardney. This, with the building, was valued at $21,500; indeed, such was the actual cost. The chapel is a small but massive stone structure of the Gothic order, and was, we believe, the first building roofed with slate in the city. Had the edifice been completed on the plan of its original design it would have presented one of the most attractive architectural features of the town. HISTORY OF ST. JOSEPH. 479 On the loth of January, Dr. Parsons having resigned his pastoral charge, was dismissed by the Presbytery. The Rev. Henry Bullard, the present (1881) minister in charge, began his pastoral labors in St. Joseph in May, 1868. In October, 1872, the church, having abandoned the idea of completing their new building on Felix Street, purchased, the property known as the Sixth Street Presbyterian Church, located on Sixth, just below Faroan Street. The consideration of this purchase was the con- veyance of the Felix Street property, each being valued at about $20,000. At the time of this tranfer, the Old School Presbyterian Church, on Sixth Street, generally known as the Sixth Street Presbyterian Church, was Completed. For several years it had remained in an unfinished state — nothing but a spacious and massive basement, with a temporary roofing of black composition, rising but a few feet above the neighboring sidewalks, and presenting a singularly gloomy and unattractive appear- ance. The superstructure that was raised on the basement compares favorably with any similar edifice in the city. It is a solid brick, 6oxioo feet, chaste in design, and comfortably fitted up for an audience of four hundred. This church, in 1873, numbered two hundred and fifty mem- bers. In the spacious and commodious basement story, used so many years as a place of worship by the Old School Presbyterian Church, the Westminster Sunday School meets every Sunday, and is in a flourishing condition, having a large membership. The building was occupied in 1867, by the Presbyterians, who remained true to the General Assembly. Among their ministers, was the Rev. Mr. Gill, who remained two or three years, as did, also. Rev. Mr. Newell, who preceded himi THE NORTH PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH. In September, 1869, a chapel was erected and dedicated on the corner of Third and Isabelle streets. This was accomplished mostly by funds furnished by Westminster Church, under whose care a Sunday School was immediately started in the new building, with S, M. Markle as Superintendent. In October, 1873, this resulted in the organization of a church of eleven members, now located on the corner of Third and Isabelle streets and known by the name and style of the North Presbyterian Church, of which John F. Riggs and B. D. Elliott were elected Elders. On the 14th of October, 1873, the Rev. W. H. Isley was installed as pastor of this church. The building is a small frame 20x45 feet, and cost, with the lot, $1,600. OAK GROVE PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH is a small frame structure outside of the city limits, and on the eleva- tion beyond the New Ulm Gardens. It was built in 1870. Services 480 ^ HISTORY OF ST. JOSEPH. were at first, from time to time, held by young ministers. The first reg- ular pastor was Rev. T. D. Roberts. At present (1881) services are held there every Sunday afternoon by the Rev. Henry Bullard, pastor of the" Westminster Presbyterian Church in St. Joseph. METHODIST EPISCOPAL CHURCH SOUTH. In the year 1843, the Rev. Edward Robinson, preacher in charge of the St. Joseph Circuit, organized the first class in St. Joseph. The leader of this class was John F. Carter, and the other members of the same were Rufus Patchen, Clara Patchen, Mrs. Jane Kemper and Mrs. Sarah Jeffries. At the time of the organization of this class, the Rev. William W. Redman was the presiding elder of the district which included St. Joseph. The first permanent organization of the church in the town occurred in the early pSrt of the year 1844, and the first preacher in charge was the Rev. E. Robinsc^, who effected the organization. The building occupied by the congregation at the time was a small frame on Main Street, once occupied by David J. Heaton as a furniture store and shop, and during the space of nearly two years the congregation met and worshipped in this humble and primitive structure. The number of the membership at that time we have been unable definitely to ascertain, but it was doubtless small, though from the beginning the blessing of God seems to have rested on the infant organization, which to-day has increased to comparatively giant proportions, and constitutes one of the leading Protestant churches of St. Joseph. In the fall of 1844, the Rev. Reuben Aldridge was preacher in charge of the St. Joseph Circuit, and the Rev. Benjamin R. Baxter, was assistant preacher. The presiding elder during that period was the Rev. Thomas Chandler. Mr. Aldridge served until the year 1845, when he was succeeded as preacher in charge by the Rev. George W. Love, who served the church in that capacity for one year. During that period, the Rev. William Keton was presiding elder. His term of office continued till the year 1847 From 1846 to 1847, the Rev. John A. Tutt had charge of the church. During that period the congregation having largely increased in numbers, began to feel the necessity of a more commodious and suitable house of worship. Accord- ingly on a lot on the corner of Felix and .Third Streets, donated for that purpose by Joseph Robidoux, when he located the town, was erected a brick church, forty by sixty feet in extent. This was the first church building owned in St. Joseph by the Methodist Episcopal Church South. It was used as their only place of public worship for eleven years, and was vacated in the year 1857, when the building was sold for $5,700, and the proceeds applied to the erection of a new church, which the HISTORY OF ST. JOSEPH. 481 wants of a largely increased and increasing congregation urgently demanded. From 1847 to 1848, the Rev. Eldwin Robinson was preacher in charge, and the Rev. William Patton presiding elder. In the fall of 1848, the church in St. Joseph was made a station, with the Rev. Wm. M. Rush, as pastor, and the Rev. Wm. Patton, as presiding elder. At this time the Sabbath School was established, which is to-day one of the model institutions of our city. The following named persons appear on the records at that time as members of the official board : J. B. Smith, B. Sherwood, D. J. Morrow and Simeon Kemper, stewards ; D. K. Harding, class leader. This arrangement continued from 1848 to 1849. From the latter period to the following year, 1850, the Rev. William M. Rush was pastor, and the Rev. William Patton presiding elder. ' During that year, the same official list existed with the addition of D. J. Heaton and L. Stigers to the Board of Stewards. From 1850 to 1852. the- Rev. Wm. Holmes was pastor and the Rev. Wm. Patton was presiding elder during the first year, succeede~d by the Rev. Wm. G. Caples, during the second year of that term. During the year 185 1, the following additions appear in connection with the official board : A. B. Lyon, class leader ; John Armour and S. K. Miller, stewards ; James Kay, leader and steward. During the year 1852, George T. Hoagland's name appears as leader and steward. He was, at that time, with Dr. Silas McDonald, also added to the board of trustees. At the quarterly conference for the year 1852, George T. Hoagland was licensed to preach the Gospel. From 1852 to 1854, the Rev. C. I. Vandeventer was pastor, and the Rev. Wm. G. Caples wss presiding elder. During the year 1854, Wm. C. Toole was chosen local deacon, and Allen H. Vories, Esq., Superintend- ent of the Sabbath School. During the summer of 1854, the first par- sonage owned by the church in this city, was purchased for the sum of nine hundred dollars. It was a small, but new and neat building, lo- cated on the east side of Sixth Street, between Francis and Felix Streets and was first occupied as a parsonage by the Rev. C. I. Vendeventer. The building is still standing. In the same year, the two lots on the northwest corner of Francis and Seventh Streets, occupied as the site of the church building, now owned and used by the church, were purchased by the Rev. George T. Hoagland for the sum of $500, and sold to the trustees of the church for the same price. From 1854 to 1855, the Rev. B. JSl. Spencer was pastor, and the Rev. W. G. Caples was presiding^ elder. During this year, the name of B. S. Cox appears as licensed ex- porter. Frorfi 1855 to 1856, the Rev. Samuel W. Cape was pastor, and the Rev. Wm. Perkins presiding elder. During this year the name of Henry Dunster appears on record as local preacher. From 1856 to 1858, the Rev. E. R. Miller was pastor, and the Rev. Wm. Perkins pre- siding elder. 482 HISTORY OF ST. JOSEPH. In January, 1857, the old church building was sold to the St. Joseph Insurance Company for the sum of $5,375- During the year 1858, the name of Dr. John Bull appears on the records as local preacher, and J. B. Jennings, steward. During the administration of Mr. Miller, in the year 1858, on the "lots on the corner of Francis and Seventh streets, before referred to, and deeded to the church by the Rev. George T. Hoagland, the present spacious and elegant edifice, known as the Francis Street Methodist Church, South, was erected, with the adjoining parsonage, at a cost of about thirty thousand dollars ; the proceeds of the sale of the old par- sonage and church amounting to $7,375, having been applied to aid in the erection of the new building. The new building is eighty feet long by fifty feet wide, and the basement forty-seven by fifty-seven feet in the clear. The audience room is sixty-seven by forty-seven feet in the clear, altogether, one of the most substantial and attractive ecclesiastical edifices in the city. The site of the old church is now occupied by the present (1881) Bank of St. Joseph, formerly the German Savings Bank. About the year 1858, the name of Robert Kay, a colored man, is mentioned as an exhorter, although he had officiated in this "•capacity among his people for several years previous to that period. From 1858 to 1859, the Rev. W. G. Berryman was pastor, and the Rev. Wm. Perkins presiding elder. The church at this time numbered 230 communicants. At the conference of 1859, the station was left to be supplied. Two or three months afterwards, the presiding elder, the Rev. W. G. Berryman, secured the services of the Rev. E. G. Nicholson, who served as pastor from that time till the close of the year. During the early part of the conference year, the pulpit was chiefly supplied by the Rev. George T. Hoagland, local preacher, who at this time, and previously, also, had frequent appointments in the country, and who, especially during the sessions of the annual conferences, in the absence of the regular pastors, as well as in connection with them, ren- dered much valuable service to the church, not only in preaching, but also in visiting the sick and in burying the dead. From i860 to 1861, the Rev. W. M. Rush was pastor, and the Rev. Horace Brown was presiding elder, while the Rev. John R. Taylor was in charge of the St. Joseph Mission. During the year, the name of Richard Fisher appears as Superintendent of the North St. Joseph Sab- bath School, and the names of Samuel Lockwood and Robert A. Britton as stewards. From 1861 to 1862, the Rev. W. M. Rush was pastor, and the Rev. Jesse Bird presiding elder. During this year, the Rev. Wm. M. Rush was prohibited from preaching to his congregation by the military authori- ties, and soon after the church building was placed in the hands of a TEUX STREET, ST. JOSEPH, LOOKING EAST. 484 HISTORY OF ST. JOSEPH. committee of its own members. The church was occasionally occupied by ministers invited by them, but was without any regular pastor until the services of the Rev. Henry H. Hedgpeth were obtained. The Rev. Middleton R. Jones was at this time presiding elder. The records, fail to show what changes, if any, occurred in the official board about this time. From 1864 to 1865, the Rev. Wm. M. Leftwich was pastor, and the Rev. H. H. Hedgpeth presiding elder. In 1867, the names of W. R. Johnson, Samuel S. McGibbons, and Thomas Ashton were added to the official board as stewards, and, in 1868, the names of James L. Hanna, Wm. J. Bigerstaff, Wm. H. Woodring and Isaac Owens. From 1868 to 1872, the Rev. C. I. Vandeventer was pastor, and the Rev. Wm. M. Rush, the Rev. Willis E. Dockery, and the Rev. W. A. Mahew, were presiding elders. Mr. Vandeventer served as pastor in charge until September, 1872, when he was succeeded by the Rev. E. R. Hendrix. On the night of the 13th of July, 1871, a terrific storm did great damage to the church building, blowing down one gable end, and badly injuring the east wall. The cost of the repairs amounted to $6,000. During the repairing of the edifice, the congregation worshiped in the Sixth Street Presbyterian Church. From 1 87 1 to 1874, the names of John C. Evans, W. H. Woodring, John B. Hundley, Samuel Campbell and Hiram Patterson were added to the official board. The Francis Street Methodist Episcopal Church South established a Mission Sunday School, in the southern part of the city, about the year 1867, during the pastorate of the Rev. Wm. M. Leftwich, which was conducted by Allen H. Vories and Wm. J. Biger- staff This mission school met in Huxley Hall, and was the nucleus of the TENTH STREET METHODIST EPISCOPAL CHURCH SOUTH. I ' During the summer of 1869, the Rev. C. I. Vandeventer solicited and obtained subscriptions to purchase a lot on the southeast corner of Tenth and Patee Streets, at a cost of $1,000, which was aiterwards sold, and a lot and a half on the northwest corner of the same streets purchased for $1,300, for the purpose of erecting a church building in that part of the city. During the next year, 1870, subscriptions were obtained to build a house of worship, which was put up and enclosed and the basement room completed about the first of January, 1871. This house is a two-story brick building 36x5 S feet. The prospective organiza- tion was left to be supplied by Bishop H. N. McTyiere, who, in December, 1870, transferred the Rev. M. M. Hawkins from the North Alabama Conference to the North Missouri Conference, and appointed him in charge of the work. Mr. Hawkins served one year, and in the fall of 1 87 1, the Rev. S. W. Atterberry was appointed to the charge. He served two years, to the fall of 1873, when he was succeeded by the Rev. HISTORY OF ST. JOSEPH. 485 A. V. Bailey. The audience room of this church was completed during^ the summer: of 1873, and dedicated by Bishop Marvin. The cost of the church, with the lots, was $6,500. The membership, in 1873, was 75, with a congregation of '220 in regular attendance. The Sunday school, at that date, numbered 190 scholars and 17 teachers. Rev. J. F. Linn was pastor in 1876-77. Rev. W. E. Dockery to 1881. AVENUE CHAPEL. In connection with the Francis Street Church, a mission was estab- lished in 1872, on Frederick Avenue, known as Avenue Chapel. Preach- ing was held here once a week, the organization being at the time prop- erly under the Rev. Mr. Hendrix. This building cost $1,200. The Sunday school was conducted under the supervision of J. L. Hanna, and numbered 120 scholars, with 12 officers and teachers. The ministers of the Francis Street M. E. Church South, who suc- ceeded. Rev. Dr. E. R. Hendrix were, in turn, Rev. Thomas J. Gooche and Rev. E. K. Miller. THE METHODIST ErtSCOPAL CHURCH. We have given a history of the Methodist Episcopal Church South in St. Joseph, and in that sketch we necessarily included a portion of the history of the mother church, for the reason that the two wings of the church here were one until 1849. At that time Rufus Patchen, Clara Patchen, John Brady, N. B. McCart and the Rev. A. J. Armstrong, local preacher, reorganized the old church under its proper title, the "Metho- dist Episcopal Church," without any geographical distinction. The preacher in charge of this church was the Rev. C. H. Kelley, a transfer from the Indiana Conference, and the presiding elder, the Rev. A. Still. They held their meetings sometimes at the house of Mr. McCart, and sometimes in the old log church, built and owned by the Presbyterians. A lot was soon purchased on Fifth Street, below Slyvanie, and in 1850, under the direction of the Rev. J. W. Taylor, the ways and means for building a church were canvassed. With the Rev. G. W. Robinson, presiding elder from 1850 to 1854, and J. M. Chivington and Walter Perry, joint pastors in 1851 and 1852, a brick church, 35x45 feet, w'as. erected and remained in their possession till 1863, when it was sold under a deed of trust, to satisfy a debt of $1,600. In 1853, the Rev. M. T. Kleffer became pastor. During 1854 and 1855, the church was under the care of J. H. Hopkins, as presiding elder^ the Rev. D. H. May, being presiding pastor. In 1856, the Rev. A. C. Clemens became pastor, and and J. M. Chivington presiding elder. In, 1857, the Rev. James Witten was placed over the district and served but seven months, the time of holding, the Missouri Conference being; 486 HISTORY OF ST. JOSEPH. changed from fall to spring. During this year, St. Joseph was included in a circuit and the Rev. J. H. Hopkins and the Rev. J. W. Caughlan had charge. At this period, the church must have been very weak, for a newspaper dated July 3d, 1858, says of it: "For some considerable time this church has been without any distinct organization. The Rev. Wm. Hanley has now been appointed to the charge and his first ser- vices will be held to-morrow." The Rev. T. H. Bratton, in 1858, succeeded Mr. Hanley, and remained in charge two years, the Rev. J. H. Hopkins being presiding elder from 1858 to 1862. During 1861, the church was left to be suppliecj' ' and the Rev. Richard Haney, a veteran Methodist preacher, famous in the annals of Illinois Methodism and Chaplain of the Sixteenth Illinois Regiment, which built the fortifications on Prospect Hill, occupied the pulpit most of the time till March, 1862, when the Rev. Alpha Wright ■was appointed by Bishop Simpson, and took charge of the church till September, 1863. About this time, the church below Sylvanie Street having been sold for debt, new officers were chosen and a new board of trustees were elected. These at first rented the Cumberland Presby- lerian Church, then situated on tlte corner of Sixth and Edmond Streets. They afterwards fitted up and furnished in an attractive style, a large room in the Odd Fellows' Hall, where they remained till the 9th >of May, 1866, when they dedicated and moved into the church on Fifth, between Francis and Jule Streets. In September, 1863, W. S. Wentz being presiding elder, the Rev. T. H. Hagerty, of the Rock River, Illi- nois, Conference, became pastor, and remained until May, 1865, when the Rev. J. T. Boyle, of Erie Conference, assumed charge, the Rev. Samuel Huffman being presiding elder, and holding that office from 1864 -to 1868. Under the united labors of the Rev. Mr. Hagerty and the Rev. Mr. Boyle, funds had been raised for the purchase and improvement of the present church property, and, soon after the Rev. W. G. Mattison became pastor, the church was solemnly dedicated to the service of Almighty -God. The Rev. J. W. Flowers had charge of the church for two years, when the Rev. J. S. Barwick succeeded him in March, 1869, and re- mained for one year, exchanging places with the Rev. C. H. Stocking in March, 1870. In the meanwhile, the Rev. J. T. Boyle had been placed -over the district as presiding elder, which office he filled until March, ■1872, when the Rev. Z. S. Weller was invited into the cabinet of the bishop, and assigned to the St. Joseph District. The. Rev. C. H. Stock- ing remained in charge three years — until March, 1873, when the Rev. W. H. Turner was appointed, but declined serving, whereupon Bishop Bowman invited to the position the Rev. D. J. Holmes.' Under the pastorate of the Rev. C. Ji. Stocking, the Stocking Mission Sabbath ..School was organized. HISTORY OF ST. JOSEPH. 487 Rev. D. J. Holmes was succeeded in the pastorate in 1875 by Rev. S. W. Thornton. In 1877, he was succeeded by John Wayman, who became pastor. He was succeeded in 1880 by Rev. J. M. Greene, GERMAN METHODIST EPISCOPAL CHURCH. The congregation of the German Methodist Episcopal Church, of St. Joseph, was organized in March, 1849. The first pastor was the Rev. "William Eliers, the communicants numbering ten. The ministers who "followed in charge of the congregation, were in succession as follows : The Rev. C. F. Waltheir, Rev. David Huene, Rev. A. Holzbeierlin, Rev- Peter Hellweg, who assumed charge in 1852, the Rev. Wm. Schreck^ Rev. R. Haveghorst, the Rev. C. Dreyer, the Rev. C. Bonn, who suc- iceeded to the pastoral charge of the church in 1858. The church building on Edmond Street, between Fifth and Sixth, was erected in 1852. A short time previous to the erection of the pres- ent brick church, on Third Street, this house, while undergoing repairs, was destroyed in a storm of wind. The lot on which it stood was then sold, and the site of the present church purchased. In 1858, the build- ing of the present church was commenced. This was during the pastor- ate of the Rev. Mr. Bonn. It was completed when the Rev. Charles Heidel took charge of the congregation, in October, 1859. Mr. Heiael served the church until 1861, when he was succeeded by the Rev. Philip Hener, who served one year. In 1862, the Rev. Gotleib Widman was appointed pastor. He died on the 23d April, 1863, before the term of his service expired. The remainder of his clerical year was filled by Rev. Frederick Rinder. He was succeeded by the Rev. Jacob Feisel, who served until 1865, and was succeeded by the Rev. Philip Merkel, who continued in charge till 1867. The Rev. John G. Kost was minister in charge from 1867 to 1870, when he was succeeded by the Rev. Wm. Shiveind, who retired in 1871, when the Rev. Louis Harmel assumed the duties of pastor of the church. In 1873, the Rev. Jacob Tanner was the presiding elder. The German Methodist Episcopal Church prospered from its first establishment in St. Joseph, and its course has been one of encouraging harmony. Its membership, in 1873, was about 150. The church .building is a plain, but substantial and neat, brick structure, on the southeast corner of Third and Robidoux Streets. It is provided with an airy and commodious basement, which is used for Sabbath School and othfer church purposes. The parsonage is a neat brick building in the rear of the church. These buildings were com- pleted at a cost of $10,000, including the ground they occupy. Rev. E. H. Kriege, in 1876, had partial charge of this church. In 1879, he was succeeded by the Rev. Jacob Tanner. In 1881, Rev. Henry Reamer became pastor of this church. 488 HISTORY OF ST. JOSEPH. SOUTH ST. JOSEPH OR SECOND METHODIST EPISCOPAL CHURCH was organized in 1875, before they erected a building for a place of wor- ship. The present neat gothic brick structure was erected on the corner of Twelfth aad Renick Streets in the following year. Its value, with the lot on which it stands, is about $2,500. Rev.. J. W. Newcomb was its first pastor. He was succeeded, in 1878, by Rev. L.. A. Shumate. In- 1879, Rev. Samuel Huffman succeeded to the pastorate of this church. In the following year, Rev. Mr. Hall became pastor. The report of Jan- uary, 1 88 1, shows the Rev. J. P. Boyle pastor. EBENEZER CHAPEL, AFRICAN METHODIST EPISCOPAL CHURCH, is a neat and commodious gothic brick structure, on the corner of Third and Antoine Streets. The seating capacity of the audience room is 650. A large Sunday School is connected with the church. The building was erected in 1868. Among the later pastors of this church were Rev. Moses Dixon, a distinguished minister of the same, Rev. Anthony Morton,, and Rev. Mr. Harrod. One of the earliest religious associations established in St. Josephi was the FIRST BAPTIST CHURCH. This was iirst organized March 22dy 1845. It; was an offshoot of what was then known as the " Dillin's Creek Church." The names of the members who constituted this, the original church in St. Joseph, were, Elijah Bush, Mrs. Jane Bush, afterwards Mrs. .Pendleton, Mary J. Riney, Agnes Hall, John C. Hall, Emarine Hall, Rachael A. Eliot, Lucy Hall, Henderson Smallwood, Thomas Newman,. Maria I. Newman, Lydia Adams, Thomas Price, Lucy Price, James J. Keaton, and Catherine Keaton. Henderson Smallwood was clerk at this meeting. At a subsequent meeting, held Saturday, April 26, 1845, the clerk not being present, the convention adjourned to the next evening, Sun- day, when it was agreed, first, that the church be styled " The St. Joseph Church." At this meeting. Elder Wm. Worely was received by letter. Thomas Price was chosen standing clerk for the St. Joseph Church, and H. Smallwood, treasurer. The first minister to hold divine service for this church, was Elder William Worely. This was on March 22d, 1845, the day of its organiza- tion. He was succeeded as minister by Elder Jas. I. Robinson, in July^ 1847. At a meeting held on the fourth Saturday in October of the same year, it was agreed that the church pay their pastor. Rev. Jas.. R. Robin- son,. one hundred dollars for his labors for one year, instead of the fifty HISTORY OF ST. JOSEPH. 489 ■dollars and his board, according fo the first contract, and he pay all his ■own expenses. During all this period, the Church was without a permanent place of ■worship of its own. Meetings were held in private houses and in rented Tooms in different localities. At a meeting held on the fourth Saturday in February, 1848, a committee appointed to purchase the "old log church," originally built and owned by the Presbyterians, as referred to in our sketch of that church, reported that the sum of forty-four dollars and forty cents had been paid on the same, and that there remained due and unpaid fifty-five dollars and sixty cents. At this meeting, Joel J. Penick was added to the committee intrusted with the purchase of the church, in place of Robinson, whose resignation was accepted. Among the earlier ministers who preached about this period, was Elder Neville Haycraft, being an active member of the church. At a meeting of the church, held July 22d, 1848, Rev. Isaiah T. Williams was chosen pastor for the ensuing year. At a regular meeting, held in October, 1849, Jonas D. Wilson accepted the position of agent to go abroad into Kentucky and solicit contributions for the purpose of building a suitable church in St. Joseph. The compensation agreed on was forty dollars per month and his- neces- sary traveling expenses. At a meeting held in April, 1850, Rev. Isaiah T. Williams resigned pastoral charge of the church. He shortly afterward visited California. Saturday, September ?8, 1850, the church directed the trustees to purchase and receive the title bond for a lot of ground on the corner of Francis and Sixth Streets, for the use of the church for a building, December 28, 1850, at the regular meeting held on this day, the trustees were directed to apply to the Legislature of the State for an act of incorporation authorizing the church to hold property. On motion of J. M. Hawley, the name of the church was changed to its present (1881) style, the " First Baptist Church of St. Joseph, Missouri." May, 185 1, Rev. Squire L. Helm, of Kentucky, was called to the ■charge of the church. He accepted on condition of his not being required to enter upon his duties till the following fall, which was agreed to. This arrangement, however, it appears, was not accomplished. In October of the same year, the church agreed to move its place of meeting from the old log church to Mrs. Burr's schoolroom, which was accordingly done. The compensation which she received was four dol- lars per month for the use of the room and fuel till May 1st, following. At a special meeting, called December 3d, 1851, Rev. J. Hickman, of Kentucky, was invited to the pastoral charge of the church. On the 27th of the same month, the church agreed to pay. him $150 for his ser- vices as pastor until the April meeting, and if he remained longer he should be paid at the rate of $400 a year. 490 HISTORY OF ST. JOSEPH. At a regular meeting, held Saturday, January 24, i8'52,. the trustees, reported that they had sold the old log meeting-house at auction for $ 16.25, on sixty days' credit. Of this building they had held possession nearly four years. The ground on which it stood was never the property of the Baptist Church. At a special meeting, held February 8, 1852, Robert W. Donnell, applied for membership upon relation of his christian experience, and was thereupon received into membership of the church, and entitled to its privileges so soon as baptized, which ordinance was administered by Elder Cline on the same day. It appears that, about the period of the close of the year 1852, the meetings of this church were held in the court house. September 20, 1852, Rev. W. F. Boyakin, of Illinois, was called to the pastoral charge of the church. March 26, 1853, he accepted the call and immediately assumed the duties of pastor. At a regular meeting, held May 15, 1853, Rev. W. F. Boyakin was appointed to represent the First Baptist Church of St. Joseph, in the coming General Association of United Baptists, of the State of Missouri. At special meeting, held. September 15, 1853, Rev. W. F. Boyakin, R. W. Donnell, J. J. Penick, Boon, Keeson and Dutzschky were chosen a building committee, and appointed to procure funds for the erection of a building for the purposes of a church. From 1854 to 1857 there seems to be a gap in the records of this church, and minute particulars of the occurrences in the history of the same, during that period, are not attainable. In 1856, during the pastorate of Rev. Wm. Price, a minister origin- ally from Kentucky, the present (1881) brick structure of the First Bap- tist Church, which stands on the southeast corner of Sixth and Francis Streets, was built. In November, 1859, Rev. William I. Gill accepted a call to the pas- torate of this church. This he resigned March 18, i860. June 9, i860, a unanimous call to the charge of the church was extended to Rev. E. S. Dulin, D. D., L.L. D., and was by him accepted in the following month. In December, 1862, Dr. Dulin tendered his resignation of the pastor9.te ; but, at the unanimous desire of the con- gregation, was induced to withdraw his resignation. . In March, 1864, he positively declined re-election, and was succeeded by the Rev. T. W. Barrett, of Leavenworth City, Kansas. On the 30th April, 1864, he entered upon his pastoral duties, which he continued to discharge till April, 5, 1865, when his resignation was accepted by the church. On the 6th July, of the same year, Rev. Jos. R. Manton, of Provi- dence, Rhode Island, accepted a call to the pulpit of this church, which, in view of ill-health, he resigned in April, 1868. HISTORY OF ST. JOSEPH. 49r • He was succeeded, in July, 1868, by Rev. Dr. jas. Dixon, of Milwau- kee, Wisconsin, who continued in the pastorate till February, 1870, when he resigned. In November, 1870, Rev. J. M. C. Breaker, a man of distinguished ability, accepted a call to the charge of the church, the duties of which he discharged till October, 1876, when his resignation was reluctantly accepted. He was succeeded by the present incumbent. Rev. Wm. Harris, of Louisville, Kentucky, in May, 1877. This, the First Baptist Church of St. Joseph, is a large and well appearing brick building on the corner of Sixth and Francis Streets, fronting on the former, from which it is approached by a flight of steps. In a lofty basement, extending beneath the entire building, is taught one of the largest Sunday Schools in the city. This has been (1881) for the past eighteen years, superintended by W. W. Bernard. Adjoining the church, in the rear, and fronting on Francis Street, is the parsonage, a neat and commodious two story brick residence, built in 1868, at a cost of $4,CKX). The estimated value of the whole of this church property is $18,000. A prosperous Mission Sunday School in South St. Joseph is under the superintendency of H. G. Walker, Esq. The First Baptist Church was incorporated under the State law in June, 1872. THE SECOND BAPTIST CHURCH, a neat frame structure on the corner of Twelfth and Penn Streets, was erected in 187 1. It is generally well attended, and has always main- tained a prosperous Sunday School. THE FREE WILL BAPTIST CHURCH is reported in the New Year's papers of 1875 as having an organization, in charge of the Rev. James Hummer, at the Sixth Street Market House, in North St. Joseph. In the following year, they are reported as Free Communion Baptists, with the same place of worship, a membership of eighty-four and a Sunday School of 1 10 pupils, superintended by Dr. Blackburn. The minister in charge of the church, at this time, was Rev. O. S. Harding. In January, 1877, Rev. Claib Williams is mentioned as pastor of the church, with a membership of eighty in his charge. The New Year's report of 1878, referring to this church reads, "sixty members, no pastor and no building." The report of 1879, speaks of "The Mission Sunday School," an organization under control of the First Baptist Church, and located on North Sixth Street, Dr. J. T. Westover, Superintendent. 492 HISTORY OF ST. JOSEPH. TI*E FRANCIS STREET MISSIONARY BAPTIST CHURCH (COL.ORED). The place of worship of this organization is a handsome brick struc- ture, on Francis Street, between Tenth and Eleventh Streets. The lot on which it stands cost $900. The building measures 72x38 feet. It was commenced in 1874, and afterwards completed at a cost of about $10,000. Rev. W. W. Stewart, the present (188 1) minister, has been for many years pastor in charge of this congregation, which is said to be the largest in the city. A numerously attended Sunday School is also a feature of this church. The colored Baptists of St. Joseph had a large organization in the city long prior to the building of this church. THE CHRISTIAN CHURCH. This great and rapidly increasing religious organization was initi- ated in 1809, by Thomas Campbell, a preacher of piety and distinction among the Seceders, aided by his son Alexander, to whose ability and energy its successful progress is mainly attributed, and by whom it has been chiefly directed. In the year 1844, Elder Duke Young, of the Christian Church, preached the iirst discourse in the then village of St. Joseph, at the pri- vate residence of Mrs. Northcutt, on Second Street, near the Market Square. In 1845, Mr. Shackleford, a private member of the church, made an effort to gather the few members for social worship in what was known as the Kemper school house. At the first meeting there were only three persons present, to wit : Mr. Shackleford, Mrs. Boyd and Mrs. Preston Moss. These meetings were continued through the summer and fall of 1845. In 1847, Elder Duke Young held a protracted meeting in the court house. The congregation continued to hold its meetings from house to house till 1850, when the church was organized. Dr. S. D. Overstreet, and Allen G. Mansfield, were the elders. The meetings, after the organization, were held in the court house, until 1858, when the church edifice on the corner of Third and Robidoux Streets, was erected. During these years, the conversion of Elder J. J. Wyatt ■ occurred, and from the time of his conversion until 1858, he supplied the pulpit, with occasional assistance. On the death of Dr. Overstreet, Mr. Wyatt was elected to the eldership, and filled the pulpit until 1859, when Mr. M. E. Lard became the pastor of the church. Mr. Lard resigned after the breaking out of the civil war, when Elder J. J. Wyatt again served the church until 1866, when Elder W. C. Rogers was called. Upon the resignation of Elder Rogers, Elder Wyatt again supplied the pulpit until 1869, when Elder John Lindsay succeeded him. Elder Lind- say resigned in 1870, and Elder Wyatt again supplied the pulpit until 1872, when he voluntarily resigned. October ist, 1872, Elder Thomas CHRISTIAN CHURCH AND ST. JOSEPH HIGH SCHOOL. 494 HISTORY OF ST. JOSEPH. P. Haley took charge of the church. He was succeeded by Elder John H. Duncan, in December, 1876, who in turn was followed by Elder John B. Corwin. Elder M. M. Good is now (1881) pastor. The new Christian Church, on the corner of Tenth and Edmond Streets, was built in 1874-75. The lot on which it stands was purchased from Isaac Curd, for the sum of $2,200. The building is a handsome brick edifice, with a seating capacity in the main audience room of 700. Its cost was about $15,000. John DeClue, the contractor, took in part payment, the old church building on Third Street, at a valuation of $3,500. The membership of this church is large, and a correspondingly large Sunday School is attached- PROTESTANT EPISCOPAL CHURCH. On the 14th day of September, 1851, the first missionary service of the Episcopal Church was held in St. Joseph, in a small room on Jule Street, afterwards occupied as the residence of Wm. A. Davis, the post- master. There were but five members in the place at that time. These included Mrs. Nancy Taylor, Mrs. Ford, Mrs. Jas. Owen, Mr. and Mrs. Cargel. On the 14th of April, 1852, a parish was organized, and a small frame building on the northwest corner of Jule and Third Streets, was purchased and fitted up at a cost of about $1,000. The Rev. M. McNamara remained in charge of this church about fourteen months. In March, 1854, the Rev. W. N. Irish, on the resigna- tion of Mr. McNamara, took charge of the parish. He administered his first communion to four persons, the membership numbering only seven. In 1856, a lot on the northeast corner of Francis and Seventh Streets, was purchased for a church building. In August, 1857, the corner-stone of the new building was laid- The foundation was subsequently aban- doned. In November, 1858, the Rev. W. R. Pickman took charge of the church. In February, i860, a neat frame building was erected for a par- sonage on the corner of Francis and Seventh Streets, at a cost of $1,700. Mr. Pickman remained in charge of the church till October, i860, when he resigned, leaving a congregation of fifty-^three communicants. In October, i860, the Rev. R. H. Weller, became rector of the church. On the 20th of December, 1862, the parsonage was accidently destroyed by fire. A lot north of the church, 60x120, was purchased \^ith a frame building for a parsonage. In June, 1864, the church build- ing was extended twenty-five feet in the rear, forming an addition of chancel, choir, vestry room and twenty-two pews, which cost $2,000. On the 15th of October, 1866, the Rev. R. H. Weller resigned his charge of the parish and removed from St. Joseph. On the i8th of October the Rev. W. C. Hopkins commenced services as rector of Christ Church. About this time an aid society was organized from among the HISTORY OF ST. JOSEPH. 495 members of the church. Between January and May, 1867, more than $2,000 of the parish debt was paid. In March of the same year, a par- ish school was commenced in the parsonage, with the Rev. C. F. D. Lyne, who had just been elected assistant minister of the parish, as principal. In 1867, a library association, of young people of the parish, was organized in the parsonage, for mutual, literary, social and spiritual improvement, and for the accumulation of a good library for adults. On the 30th of August, 1867, the Rev. W. C. Hopkins tendered his resigna- tion, to take effect November 15, 1867, which was accepted. On the 2d of September, the parish school commenced Michaelmas term, in a room over Sandusky'^s grocery store, on the corner of Edmond and Sixth Streets, with the Rev. Lyne, principal, assisted by Mrs. G. M. Teale. In January, 1867, the Mission Sunday School was revived with about eighty pupils, and afternoon services were commenced in the Hannibal & St. Joseph Railroad station house. On the 8th of July, 1867, the Rev. Lyne began his missionary work at that point. On the i8th of October of the same year, was organized Christ Church Branch Co-operative Mis- sionary Society. Between the 12th and iSth of November, following, the convocation of North Missouri met in Christ Church. Nine clergy- men were present, including the Right Reverend T. H. Vail, Bishop of Kansas, who confirmed thirteen persons. On the 15th of November the first service of the St. Joseph Mission was held in P. A. Huxley's new hall. Rev. W. C. Hopkins preached here his last sermon. During the period of his ministry, fifty-seven were added to the church, and forty- two were baptized. The Rev. Lyne resigned as assistant minister. In November, 1867, Rev. W. R. Pickman was recalled, and served as rector until April, 1869, when he resigned. Rev. Wm." Phillips suc- ceeded Mr. Pickman, and served until January, 1871. From January 1st, 1871, to June 1st of same year, the parish was vacant. On the ist of June, 1 87 1, Rev. Dr. Runcie took the pulpit of the parish, and has remained in charge to the present time (1881). He also superintends the large Sunday school of this church. December 24, 1876, the old, patched-up frame building of Christ Church was destroyed by fire. The only article of value saved from the flames was the organ, and this was recovered in a damaged condition- The present edifice was speedily erected on the site of the burnt build- ing, the new church fronting on Seventh, instead of on Francis, as di'd the original building. The new edifice of Christ Church, which was completed about a year after the fire, is, with the exception of the Cathedral, the most spacious, and, in point of design and finish, the most elegant ecclesiastical struc- ture in the city. It is of brick, trimmed with free stone, and its graceful and towering spire renders it a conspicuous object of the town. 496 HISTORY OF ST. JOSEPH. The seating capacity of this church, exclusive of the organ loft, is ■ seven hundred and twenty-five. The cost of this building was about twenty thousand dollars. The corner-stone was laid in July, 1877, and the first services were held in November of the same year. The building was completed Feb- ruary I, 1878. This church has a large membership. HOLY TRINITY MISSION OF CHRIST CHURCH, For several years a prosperous Sunday School organization, holding services in the German Evangelical Church, in South St. Joseph, com- pleted in the spring of 1881, a neat fraine church structure, on the north- east corner of Thirteenth and Monterey Streets. Services are held hfere by Rev. Dr. Runcie, rector of Christ Church. FIRST PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH. The church of which the present congregation is a development, was organized on the 12th of January, 1854, by a committee of the Presbytery of " Upper Missouri." The organization was effected in the parlor of Mrs. Susan N. Combs. The following are the names of the or- iginal members of this organization : Dr. O. Brown, C. C. Carson, James Dysart, Mrs. Susan N. Combs, Mrs. E. Carson, Mrs.. L. Dysart, Mrs. L. Fore, Mrs. L. Fulkerson, Dr. James E. Hewlett, Francis Irwine, James M. Irwine, Mrs. Louisa C. Irwine, Mrs. N. D. Langford, Mrs. Hettie Monroe, John Montgomery, Mrs. E. Montgomery, Mrs. Wm. Sublette, Mrs. S. S. Sublette, Wm. Varnarsdale and George C. Venable. The first elders of the Church were : Dr. O. Brown, C. C. Carson and James Dysart, and others were chosen as the church grew, the. names of whom, as far as can be ascertained, are as follows : John Colhoun, 1854; James E. Hewlett, 1855 ; James McConnell and Alexan- der Smiley, 1856; Joseph Venable and J. B. Howard, 1857 ; J. F. Bruner, John Williams, Charles W. Campbell and E. E. Bacon, 1864; Thomas R. Smith and J. B. Lorance, 1868. The deacons: James E. Hewlett, Wm. Sublette, George Venable, E. B. Neely, George Lyon, Cyrus E. Robst, E. A. Hitchcock, John A. Varnarsdale, E. E. Colhoun, John Williams, Louis Huggins, Thomas E. Tootle, Edward Welsh, Robert Douglas, Christian Kessler, Nelson P. Smith, Thomas R. Smith, C. B. France, Wm. E.- Hosea, R. L. McDonald, ' Walter P. Sanders and Daniel McDonald. This church had no regular pastor till the fall of 1855, when the Rev. A. V. C. Schenck took charge of it, occupying as a place of worship a hall over the Market House. The Rev. Mr. Schenck was installed in February, 1856, in the Methodist Episcopal Church, South, then located on the corner of Third and Felix streets. During the winter of 1856, Mr. Schenck resigned his pastorate, and in April, 1857, his pastoral rela- tion was. finally dissolved by the Presbytery. In the spring of 1858, the HISTORY OF ST. JOSEPH. 497 Rev. John G. Fackler became the pastor. At that time a small room was used by the congregation over the drug store of Mr. Stuppy on Fifth Street. Number of communicants at the time, was fifty-four. The congregation soon secured a larger room, in the second story of a build- ing on Felix Street, which was occupied by the church in July, 1858. The services were held here until i860, when the congregation moved into the basement of the church on Sixth Street. Previous to this time, the church had been known and designated simply as "The Presbyterian Church, (O. S.) St. Joseph, Missouri," but thereafter the organization was known and called " Sixth Street Church." The civil war coming up, the building was not completed. In the winter of 1863, fourteen members withdrew for the purpose of forming the "Westminster Presbyterian Church." After a seryice of six years, in March, 1864, the Rev. John G. Fackler, in view of his declining health, resigned his pastoral charge. The Rev. A. P. Forman succeeded him in July, 1864, and remained in charge until 1870. In 1867, occurred the painful division of the congregation, with which many are familiar. This separation took place on the basis of a friendly and equitable division of the property belonging to the congre- gation ; that portion of the church adhering to the General Assembly receiving the unfinished building on Sixth Street, while those adhering to the old Synod of Missouri came in possession of the parsonage. There exists between the two churches no unfriendliness or unkindness. At the time of the division, the church had 180 members, 54 of these, remaining under the jurisdiction of the General Assembly, and those adhering to the Synod of Missouri adopted the name of the "First • Presbyterian Church of St. Joseph, Missouri." The congregation being without a house in which to meet, secured the Academy of Music, and continued their services here until their new church was ready^for occu- pancy. In September, 1870, the Rev. John G. Fackler resumed his pas- torate labors. The new church was dedicated on the 21st of January, 1872, with solemn and impressive ceremonies. The building, a brick structure, is one of the largest, most substantial, and tastefully finished churches in the West. It was completed in 1868, at a cost of near fifty thousand dollars. The main altar is wrought of pure white marble, and is an offering from the children of the church, bearing the inscription : " First Presbyterian Church— The Children's Offering, 1871." The bell of this church, which was cast in Baltimore, weighs over two tons, and cost, with fixtures, $1,500. The organ cost $4,500. In 1876, the Rev. R. S. Campbell, D. D., a distinguished graduate of the University of Dublin, assumed pastorate charge of this church, which he still (1881) retains. The Sunday school of this church is numerously attended. 498 HISTORY OF ST. JOSEPH. THE SECOND PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH was completed in 1881. It is a neat brick structure, on tKe north- west corner of Twelfth and Penn Streets. A very large and prosperous Sunday school is connected with this church. CONGREGATIONAL CHURCH. The place of worship owned and occupied by this organization is a new gothic frame building, 40x60 feet, located on Edmond, between Ninth and Tenth Streets, and is provided with ante-rooms, choir loft, etc., and has seating capacity for three hundred persons. The building was erected in 1869, at a cost of about $6,000. The church was organ- ized on the 1 2th of May, 1867. The incorporators were L. L. Rich- mond and wife, Isaac Weightman and wife, E. Foote, Jr., and wife, Mrs. M. E. Montague, Mrs. M. W. Bliss, Mrs. E. M. and H. K. White, Esq. The first pastor of the church was the Rev. Wm. L. Bray. He served from November, 1867, to July, 1868, when, on account of ill health, he resigned. In July, 1868, he was succeeded by Rev. J. Crane, who remained till 1870, and then Rev. F. L,. Kenyon took charge of the church, continuing till August, 1878, when he resigned. In 1873, the trustees were E. G. Sheldon, W. H. Campbell, Esq., and Joseph Durfee. The deacons were Wm. H. Campbell, Esq., and Mr, Joseph S. Ford, and the clerk was H. K. White, Esq. The church, beginning with eleven members, had, during 1873, upwards of sixty. A large Sunday school has always been connected with this church. This, for some time past, has been ably superintended by H. K. White, Esq., a prominent attorney of St. Joseph. Rev. W. R. Seaver, of Muskegon, Michigan, by invitation, assumed pastoral dharge of the church in January, 1881. HEBREW CONGREGATION OF ADATH JOSEPH. The oldest religious denomination in the world is the Jewish Church. A striking peculiarity of this venerable body is the fact that it has main- tained its existence intact through the space of more than eighteen hun- dred years, ensuing the capture of the Holy City by Titus, and that without a recognized leader, or any system of union which approximates a general organization. Previous to 1859, the Israelitish congregation of St. Joseph occupied as a place of worship, a temporary hall on Felix Street. They then pur- chased and fitted up a small church building formerly owned by the Cumberland Presbyterian Church, on the corner of Sixth and Edmond Streets. This, shortly after its completion, was destroyed by fire. In 1859, the present synagogue was commenced and completed the follow- HISTORY OF ST. JOSEPH. 499 ing spring. In occupies a site on the corner of Sixth and Jule Streets. Though the exterior appearance of the building is Gothic, of the plainest style, the interior is strikingly chaste, elegant and attractive. Among the founders of the St. Joseph Synagogue, were Joseph Leo- pold, David Westheimer, Joseph Oppenheimer, Charles Eppstein, Schwabucher, and perhaps some others of whose names we are not at present informed. The Jews have numerous benevolent institutions throughout the United States. Prominent among these, is the widely extended charitable association known as the Sons of the Covenant. It consists of a grand lodge, which rneets annually to direct the general interests of the order. The subordinate elements of the organization consist of the seven or eight districts into which the United States is divided. St.Joseph is in District No. 2, commonly known as the Cincin- nati District. Rev. S. Kaufmann was rabbi of the synagogue till 1875, when he was succeeded by Rev. S. Gerstmann, who served till 1879, when he was suc- ceeded by the present (1881) rabbi, Rev. Doctor Isaac Schwab. THE GERMAN EVANGELICAL ZION'S CHURCH. was organized in St. Joseph in 1865, with Rev. A. H. Kirchoff as pastor. The building occupied by them stands on the corner of Fourth and Francis. It was sold under a deed of trust and became the property of this church in 1865. The first pastor of the congregation was Rev. A. H. Kirchoff. He remained in charge till 1874, when he was succeeded by Rev. C. Nestel, the present (1881) minister. The congregation includes forty families. A prosperous Sunday School is attached to the church. This was the "old brick church," built by the new school Presbyte- rians in 1847, and the second ecclesiastical structure of any kind erected in the city, the first having been the •' old log church," mentioned in the history of the Presbyterian Church, and referred to in other sketches in this history. In April, 1881, the German Evangelical Zion's Church sold this ancient landmark of St. Joseph, with the elevated lot 80x240 feet, on which it stands, to A. M. Saxton, for $11,000. The work of grading down the lot forty feet to the level of Francis Street, for the purpose of ■erecting a bank structure, was immediately inaugurated, Mr. Saxton permitting that portion on which the buildings of the church and parsonage stand to remain till October, 1881, when the congregation will move to their new church on the corner of Ninth and Jule Streets. The lot on which this is being erected cost $4,000, and the church and par- sonage will cost between $9,000 and $10,000. • 500 HISTORY OF ST. JOSEPH. THE SECOND GERMAN EVANGELICAL CHURCH, organized in 1874, owns and occupies a neat brick building of recent construction. It stands on the corner of Thirteenth and Monterey Streets, and was completed at a cost of $5,000. Rev. Julius Kramer was:^ pastor of the church till the close of the year 1876, when he was suc- ceeded by Rev. F. Grabeau. January, 1878, Rev. F. Grabeau was stilt reported pastor with a membership of forty families, and eighty-five ii» the Sunday school. January, 1881, Rev. F. Weltge is reported as the successor of Rev. F. Grabeau, and the church as having a membership, of twenty-five families. GERMAN LUTHERAN CHURCH. In 1875, this church occupied the building on the corner of Third' and Robidoux Streets, formerly owned by the " Christians," and now (1881) used to accommodate a medical college. The report of January, 1876, gives a membership of twenty-five, under the pastoral charge of Rev. J. Heineger, and a Sunday School of seventy-five scholars. Na change is reported till January, 1879, when Rev. C. F. Kaessman appears, as minister. The same report appears in January, 1880. THE CHURCH OF THE EVANGELICAL ASSOCIATION, occupies a frame building on the corner of Eleventh and Lafayette Streets, valued at $1,200. Rev. H. Walte is reported as minister in 1880 and 1 88 1. In the report of the latter year, is a Sunday school of fifty- pupils attached to the church, and superintended by A. Fick. REORGANIZED CHURCH OF JESUS CHRIST OF LATTER DAY SAINTS- This church has an organization in the city with a considerable membership. They are at present unprovided with a building of their own, but worship in a hall in Tootle's Opera building. This is the reorganized, or as it is contended, the veritable church, ignoring the doctrine of polygamy, which they claim to be an innovation and cor- ruption of the true and ancient faith. The organization in St. Joseph, has been in existence since 1870. Joseph Smith, the son of the original; Mormon prophet, visited this congregation and preached seveiraJl times during his visit to St. Joseph, in November, 1873. THE EVANGELICAL LUTHERAN DENOMINATION Organized themselves into a church in St. Joseph on the 21st of August 1881. The name given the church was that of Zion. The pastor called by them, Rev. M. Grosse, was ordained and inducted into the pastoral charge of this new church. The services were conducted by Rev. Mr. ^Zschochr, of Atchison, Kansas. The following Trustees were elected; HISTORY OF ST. JOSEPIT. 50I! I F. W. Schmidt, E. H. W. Baden and John Schmidt. Services will be held regularly every Sabbath, for the present in Temperance Hall, corner ■ of Sixth and Edmond Streets. A church edifice of their own will be erected soon, active steps looking to this end having already been taken. Now that every church in the city has its own Sunday School, it will be a matter of interest to know that one of the earliest enterprises of general benevolence in St. Joseph, was the establishment of a SUNDAY SCHOOL, the first organized in Buchanan County. The following record, which; we take from the original document, speaks for itself: Pursuant to a notice given by Rev. T. S. Reeve, the citizens of St.. Joseph and vicinity met at the Presbyterian Church on Sabbath, the 22d: of December, 1844, at two o'clock, P. M., to take into consideration the organization of a Sunday School in the town of St. Joseph. At this- meeting, Rev. T. S. Reeve presided. Remarks illustrating the utility of such school being made by the person presiding, and others, it was resolved that such a school was necessary and practicable, and that sucli school be organized. It was also resolved that I. Landis be' Superintendent, and George Brubaker be Secretary and Librarian. The society then choose Rev. T. S. Reeve, Dr. Harding and George Brubaker a committee to draft a constitution and by-liaws for the regu- lation of the school. This meeting was opened by an appropriate prayer, and closed by benediction by Rev. T. S. Reeve. The society then; adjourned to Sab- bath, 29th, inst., two o'clock p. m. December 29, the St. Joseph Sunday School Society met and heard the report of the committee on the constitution and by-laws, which, being read, were regularly adopted. Rev. T. S. Reeve presented to the Surbday School, 106 volumes of A. S. U., which were deposited in the Sunday School Library. It was.. resolved by the Sunday School Society, that the thanks of the society/ be tendered the donor of the above mentioned books. The business of the so(;iety being finished, and prayer being offered . for the blessing of God on its efforts by Rev. N. Willis, it adjourned. sine die. GEO. BRUBAKER,. Secretary- Pursuant to notice, the Sunday School met at the house of Mr.. Landis. The Sunday School being opened with singing and prayer by Rev. T. S. Reeve, it was Resolved, That the scholars in the Sunday School be numbered, the girls having the first and odd numbers, thus alternating with the boys,, commencing with the highest classes and continuing to the infant class. Resolved, That this Sunday School raise fifteen dollars for the use of the Sunday School in the purchase of books, etc. Resolved, That Mrs. Landis and Mrs. Jefferies be a committee to raise the aboye fifteen doll; rs. 502 HISTORY OF ST. JOSEPH. There were twelve copies of the New Testament presented the Sunday School by Mr. Reeve, which were given him for the Sunday ■School. Resolved, That the Sunday School extend its thanks to the donors, Mr. C. Lord and Robert Courtney, of Independence. Resolved, That the teachers are held accountable for a correct ac- ■count of books had by the scholars, and settle with the Librarian. Resolved, That this society request Rev. T. S. Reeve to preach a ■sermon on the subject of Sunday Schools to the inhabitants of St. Joseph and vicinity, on Sabbath day— — of 1845. Resolved, That the present flourishing state of the Sunday School calls for gratitude to the Great Head of the Church. GEO. BRUBAKER, Secretary. February 2d, Mrs. Jeffries and Mrs. Landis, a committee appointed to raise fifteen dollars for the Sunday school, report that they have col- lected thirty-iive dollars, which was deposited in the hands of G. Smith to convey to Dr. Bullard, of St. Louis, for books. January 6, 1847, Israel Landis was re-elected superintendent for the year 1847. T. S. Reeve, secretary and librarian. January 9, 1847, T. S. Reeve offered his resignation, or rather declined acting as secretary and librarian, and the former required to act till another be elected. GEORGE BRUBAKER, Secretary. A copy was ordered to be transmitted to the Secretary of the Amer- ican Sunday School Union, Philadelphia. The Presbyterian Church, above referred to, in which the first meet- ings were held for Sunday School purposes, was the old log church, the first erected within the limits of the city. Mrs. Landis, in referring to her success on the committee appointed to raise the fifteen dollars, mentioned in one of the foregoing resolutions, and which resulted so unexpectedly, spoke of calling on Joseph Robi- doux, the founder of the city, at his store, the original trading post of Robidoux Landing. The room, at the time, was thronged with Indians .assembled there for the purpose of trade. Robidoux, though a Roman Catholic, subscribed liberally towards this, a Protestant Sunday school, heading the list with a contribution of tten dollars. We was ever, though an unlettered man, a person of liberal and enlarged views, recognizing the fact that to properly build up his city it would be necessary to encourage every scheme of benevolence and of mental advancement, whether coinciding with his own peculiar views ,or not. ' There is still (1881) extant, in a state of good preservation, an ^elegant banner, of white silk, about thirty by thirty-six inches in size. This banner was made by Mrs. Landis and fa'nily in 1844. On one side. HISTORY OF ST. JOSEPH. 503 painted in gilt letters, by George Knapp, appears the legend : " St. Joseph Sunday School, organized December, 1844." On the other side, in the center of which appears a star, is the inscription : " Our Coun- try's *#* Hope." Among the other prominent citizens of St. Joseph who shortly after its organization became teachers in the Sunday School, were Benjamin Loan and wife, William Ridenbaugh, founder of the Gazette, and Miss Hannah Creal, whom he afterwards married, George Brubaker, and Dr. Harding. Mrs. Lou. Livermore, afterwards Mrs. Martin, was also one of the earliest and most active teachers in the school. CHAPTER VIII. SECRET AND BENEVOLENT SOCIETIES IN BUCHANAN- COUNTY. THE DIFFERENT ORDERS IN ST. JOSEPH Sparta Lodge No. 46, was the first organized in Buchanan County. In the dispensation under which it was originally instituted, it was called Katzeel Lodge. This dispensation was issued May 11, 1841, by the Right Worshipful Joseph Foster, Deputy Grand Master of the State.. The officers named in this instrument were Eli Hubbel, W. M., J. Brown- ing, S. W., and J. A. Anthony, J. W.; R. Duncan was appointed Treas- urer, F. Waymire, Secretary, and G. Selsil, Tyler. In its charter, which was issued October 8th, of the same year, the name was changed and the lodge designated as Sparta No. 46. St. Joseph Lodge No. 78, was an offshoot of this, the mother lodge of the county. Simeon Kemper, the first Senior Warden, and James Highly, the first Junior Warden of No. 78, being originally members of old Sparta Lodge No. '46. St. Joseph Lodge, at the period of its organization, was the most northern on the Missouri River, and the most western lodge in the United States, its jurisdiction extending thousands of miles west and northwest. From 1845 to December, 1859, its meetings were held in the third story of a building in which was the store of Joseph C. Hull, on Main. Street?. From January, 1859, until June, 1873, this lodge met in the Odd Fellows' and Masonic Hall, a large three story brick building jvhich stood on the corner of Fifth and Felix, fronting on the latter, till January 29, 1879, when it was destroyed by fire. This building cost $35,000- At the time of the fire, it was occupied by the dry goods, house of J. W.. Bailey & Co. In the spring of 1880, Mr. Bailey completed, at a cost of $50,000, the present (1881) elegant structure which occupies the former site of this building. On the first Saturday in December, 1858, before the hall was entirely completed, a meeting was held in the same and Joseph S. Browne, after- wards Grand Master of Missouri, was then and there raised. In June, 1873, the lodge moved to the elegant and spacious hall ii> the third story of a building on the northwest corner of Fourth and Charles streets, now (1881), occupied by all the Masonic bodies in the city. HISTORY OF ST. JOSEPH. 505 At the twenty-fifth annual communication of the Grand Lodge of Missouri, in October, 1845, a dispensation dated October 16, 1845, and signed by J. W. S. Mitchell, Grand Master, was granted to DeWitt Lodge, U. D., A. F. and A. M., at St. Joseph. The officers were Sinclair K. Miller, W. M., Simeon Kemper, S. W., and. James Highly, J. W. The other dispensation members, were H. S. Creal, J. T. Swartz, John Curd, S. Wildbahn, Posey N. Smith and C. W. Thoroughman. The petition for dispensation was recommended by Savannah Lodge No. 71. During the Masonic year the following additions were made; A. McClintock, Joel Ryan, William M. Carter, Philander Thomas, S. E. Love, Henry Smith, William .H High, Samuel C. Hall, Felix Robidoux and Richard Fulton. At the 'annual grand communication of 1846, the dispensation was surrendered and a charter granted, all of the original becoming charter members. By request of the members of DeWitt, the name of the lodge was changed to St. Joseph, and the number, 78, was affixed by the Grand Secretary. The charter is dated October 14, 1846, and signed by John Ralls, Grand Master, John D: Taylor, D. G. M., E. S. Jluggles, S. G. W., John L. F- Jacoby, J. G. W. and Fred. L. Billon, Grand" Secretary. The three principal officers under the dispensation were also those ■named in the charter. Of the charter members but one yet remains connected with the lodge, the venerable and highly respected Simeon Kemper. F. W. Smith, also a charter member, still lives in St. Joseph. He has not been an active member of the order for many years. The following brethren have filled the office of Worshipful Master of the lodge during the years annexed to their names, viz. : Sinclair K. Mil- ler, 1845, 1846, 1848, 1849, 1850; Edward Searcy, 1847; Edwin J. Har- per, .1851, 1852, 1853, 1854; John Scott, 1855; Henry V. Somerville, 1856, 1857; William R. Penick, 1858, 1859; Paris S. Pfouts, i860, 1861 ; George W. Buell, 1862 ; Joseph S. Browne, 1863, 1866, 1867, 1868 ; Dan- iel Ransom, 1864; Elias Eppstein, 1865 ; James A. Adams, 1869, Philip Arnholt, 1870; John B. Howard, 1871 ; John Bonham, 1872 ; H. N. Mon- tague, 1873; William S. Elliott, 1874; Henry C. Fox, 1875; George P* Dixon, 1876; N. H. Wilmot, 1877; B. F. Buzard, 1878; George Porter, 1879; Jacob Arnholt, 1880; Christopher A. Hubacher, 1881. The regular communications are held on the first and third Tuesday «venings of each month. On the 8th February, 1874, the lodge was called upon to mourn the and the fourth chartered in the state. This latter was instituted under a dispensation issued Nov. 9, 1859, by Sir Benjamin Brown French, Grand Master of the Grand Encampment of the United States. The officers nominated in that instrument were : Sir William R. Penick, Eminent Commander ; Sir George C. Catlett, Generalissimo ; and Sir Wellington A. Cunningham, .Captain-General. A charter for St. Joseph Commandery, No. 4, was ordered fay the Grand Commandery of Missouri, May 23, i860, to be granted by the Grand Commander upon their compliance with the rules and regulations of the Grand Encampment of the United States. The Grand Commander, Sir George W. Belt, appointed Sir Welling- ton A. Cunningham, as his proxy to institute the Commandery and in- stall its officers. January i, 1861, accordingly, the. same was carried into effect, and the following officers were duly installed : Sir William R. Penick, Eminent Commander ; Sir George C. Catlett, Generalissimo ; Sir W. A. Cunningham, Captain-General ; Sir Washing- ton Jones, Prelate ; Sir Paris S. Pfouts, Senior Warden ; Sir Joseph P. Grubb, Junior Warden ; Sir John Williams, Treasurer ; and Sir Louis F. Weimer, Recorder. The Commandery continued, under various conditions of fortune, till May 3, 1867, when, by a vote of eight to one, its charter was sur- rendered to the Grand Commandery of the State. HISTORY OF ST. JOSEPH. 5 1 1 The other Masonic body, of St. Joseph, which, here, has lost its ex- istence, was Orion Lodge, No. 211, A. F. and A. M. A dispensation authorizing the institution of this lodge, was issued by order of the R. W. Deputy Grand Master, W. R. Penick, June 25, i860. C. A. Rowley was then appointed W. Master. The charter subsequently granted this lodge, was dated May 28, 1861. In May, 1863, this charter was sur- rendered and the property of the defunct lodge delivered to the Grand Secretary. Mitchell Royal Arch Chapter No. 89 was organized April 15, 1876' with seventeen members. The officers under the dispensation were John A. Dolman, H. R ; H. N. Turner, King; L. N. Malin, Scribe; G.W. Pooler, C. H. ; N. H. Wilmot, P. S. ; E. O. Sayle, Treasurer, and George Ady, Secretary. It received its charter October 5, 1876. The following com- panions were elected to the office of High Priest for the years annexed to their names: John A. Dolman, 1877; H. N. Turner, 1878; WilHam M. Dixon, 1879; N. H. Wilmot, 1880; W. A. Lord, 1881. Saint Joseph Masonic Board of Relief was organized December 2nd' 1867, with the following officers; W. R. Penick, President; Robert Gunn, Vice President ; John Pinger, Treasurer, and Lewis F. Weimer Secretary. The present (1881) officers of the board are W. R. Penick, President; Robert Gunn, Vice President ; Wm. M. Dixon, Treasurer ; Leander N. Mullen, Secretary, and William S. Elliott, Assistant Secretary. The meetings of the board are held in the office of W. R. Penick. There is no regular period established for their assemblies. The Ancient and Accepted Scottish Rite of Masonry, including organizations entirely separate and distinct from those above referred to, had, at one time, a brief existence in St. Joseph. Two bodies of the order were instituted about the same time : The Lodge of Perfection, and the Council of P. of J. St. Joseph Lodge of Perfection No. i, A. A. S. R., was chartered July 23d, 1867. On the 25 th of that month, the same was organized by the Illustrious Brother A. T. Pierson, Active Thirty-third, and Grand Prior of Southern Jurisdiction, with the following officers : Illustrious Bro. W. R. Penick, T. P. G: M. ; 111. Bro. Joseph S. Browne, S. G. W. ; Harvey Bradley, G. O. ; Horatio N. Turner, G. A. ; Isaac B. Halsey, G. T. ; Wm. D. Rowley, G. S. St. Joseph Council of Princes of Jerusalem No. i, was organized on the same day, with the following officers ; R. J. S. Wise, M. M. T. ; J. S. Browne, M. V. H. P. ; D. Vanderslice, 111. Scribe ; G. A. Hawley, 111. Orator ; H. N. Turner, Almoner ; W. D. Rowley, Sec'y ; Isaac B. Halsey, Treasurer; Harry Bradley, V.G. C. of the Th. T.; Wm. R. Penick, V. G. C. of the H. ; Philip Arnholt, V. G. M. of C. 512 HISTORY OF ST. JOSEPH. Both bodies were in a highly prosperous condition up to the period of the surrender of their charters, on the 13th May, 1868. These surren- ders were not in consequence of any lack of harmony within the organi- •zations, but the result of a disagreement between the Active Thirty- third from another state, who had organized the bodies, and the officer holding the same rank in Missouri. The present (1881) Masonic Hall, on the northwest corner of Fourth and Charles Streets, occupies the third story of an elegant bfick building completed in 1873. This hall is about 40x60 feet, exclusive of ante-rooms. It was elab- orately frescoed and appropriately fitted up by Zeredatha Lodge, at a cost of over three thousand dollars. All the different bodies of the Masonic order in the city hold their sessions there. Its dedication on Saint John the Baptist's day, June 24, 1873, the Most Worshipful Samuel H. Owens, Grand Master of the State, presid- ing, was an event in the history of St. Joseph. A large concourse of Masons from the surrounding country were present with their families. The close of the imposing ceremonies was followed by a largely attended picnic at what was then Fowler's Grove, now (1881) the St. Joseph Expo- sition ground. King Hill Lodge, No. 376, located about one and one-half miles south of the southern limits of the City of St. Joseph, was granted a dispensation August 4th, 1870, by W. D. Muir, Grand Master of the State. August 6th, two days after, the lodge was set to work by Rt. W. D. P. Walling- ford, with the following officers : Laban Pritchard, W. M. ; W. Wash- Brown, S. W. ; C. Day, J. W. ; Thos. A. Brown, Treasurer ; John G. Evans, Secretary; James R. Moore, S. D. ; James Duncan, J. D. ; W. A. T. Brown and Dudley Roach, Stewards ; Josiah Costan was appointed Tyler. November 5, 1870, this Lodge was set to work under charter of the Grand Lodge : Samuel Russell, Past Deputy District Grand Master ; D. P. Wallingford, D. D. G. Marshal ; C. F. Knight, S. G. W. ; Ed. Button, J. G. W. The following officers were installed under the charter: Laban Pritchard, W. M. ; W. Wash. Brown, S. W. ; C. Day, J. W. ; Thos. A. Brown, Treasurer ; J. G. Evans, Secretary ; Jas. R. Moore, S. D. ; James Duncan, J. D. The following were elected to the office of Worshipful Master and to the office of Secretary, in the years attached to their several names : 1870 Laban Pritchard, W. M., and John G. Evans, Secretary. 1 87 1 W. Wash. Brown, " C.Day, ' " 1872 " " " " Levi C. Clark, 1873 A. C. Hyde, 1874 " " " " C. Day, HISTORY OF ST. JOSEPH. 513 1875 John C.Ryan, W. M. and C. Day, Secretary. 1876 " " " " " 1877 C. W. Harris, " J. W. Bates, 1878 A. C. Hyde, " J. W. Beach, 1879 James Shepherd, " Wm. Prindle, 1880 " " " Samuel J. Carson, From its first organization this lodge has enjoyed a season of steady progress and uninterrupted prosperity. Its hall, the second story of a country school building, is amply commodious for the requirements of necessary comfort and convenience, while its secluded, though readily accessible situation, peculiarly fits it for the purpose for which it was designed. INDEPENDENT ORDER OF ODD FELLOWS. One of the oldest, as well as most numerously represented institu- tions of benevolence in the county is the Odd Fellows' Society, of which order there are several prosperous branches in the city. The oldest of these is King Hill Lodge No. 19. It was instituted at the residence of Joseph Hull, on the west side of Main Street, between Francis and Jule Streets, on Thursday, October 15, 1846. The charter members of this lodge were D. B. Welding, Eli Hewitt, S. L. Leonard, Eli Bowman, C. F. Emery, and Dr. J. H. Crane. It con- tinued to meet where it was originally organized, till the building, in 1858, of its splendid hall on Felix Street, which was afterwards destroyed by fire. The present (1881) membership is 66; Fast Grands, 18. The pres- ent officers are: William Roedde, N. G.; Joseph Tullar, V. G.; Joseph Croteau, R. S.; J. F. West, P. S; George E. Acklam, Treasurer. This is not only the oldest lodge in the city but one of the oldest in the state, and has had a long and varied experience. At times, highly prosperous, with large membership and full treasury, and again heavily in debt, with reduced membership. Amid all its variety of fortune, it has, however, never lost hope, and is now steadily gaining ground. King Hill has suffered from an unusual amount of sickness, and loss of mem- bers by death, both of which have drawn heavily on her treasury. She has one member who has received weekly benefits continuously for the past six years. Members of the order who were made in King Hill are found taking an active part in lodges all over the northwest. Past Grand Representative L. F. Minturn, long a prominent citizen of St. Joseph, and now (1881) residing in Amazonia, one of the oldest and best posted Odd Fellows in the state, is a member of this lodge. Cash and investments of the lodge, $610. Humboldt Lodge No. 130, I. O. O. F., was instituted April 19, 1859, with the following charter members : M. Brown, Henry Bruning, Louis WHOLESALE DRY GOODS HOUSE OF R. L. M'DONALD & CO. HISTORY OF ST. JOSEPH. S15 Hax, Jolin Hubageck, William Kneer, Emanuel Madinger, Leopold Meyer, John Roth and Frank Schmidt. The first officers of the lodge were: John Roth, N. G.; E. Madinger V. G.; H. Bruning, Secretary; M. Brown, Treasurer. This lodge works in the German language, and has enjoyed a pros- perous career till within the past two or three years, during which period its funds have been reduced by an unusual amount of sickness and death in its ranks. The present (1881) officers, are: Caspar Nold, N. G.; William Krumme, V. G.; Anton J. Foitick, R. S.; G. H. Bandel, P. S.; Fred Wenz, Treasurer. Membership 121; Past Grands, 27; cash and investments, $1,620; regular meetings, Thursday of each week. Eclipse Lodge, No. 143, I. O. O. F., was instituted April 18, i860. The charter members were : R. J. S. Wise, William Drumhiller, W. S. Wright, W. S. Johnson, Henry Mittnacht, J. H. Jourdan, Wm. Wood- hurst, E. C. Thomas, E. P. Maxey and C. W. Sanford. This lodge has been moderately and uniformly prosperous almost from its institution. Night of meeting, Friday of each week. Present membership, 71 ; Past Grands, 15 ; cash and investments, $1,880. The present officers are: D. E. Heaton, N. G.; Harry Carter, V. G.; Joseph Langdon, R. S.; F. C. Wheeler, P. S.; W. A. Jordan, Treasurer. , Enterprise Lodge, No. 232, 1. O. O. F., was instituted April 19, 1870, by R. J. S. Wise, then Grand Master. The charter members are B. Wies, W. E. Scott, F. J..Acker, Leopold Ahlmfeldt, J. B. Good, Earnst Hotlzchue, E. C. Graff, L. Weis, John Hesse, Al. Gerstel and H. Ehrlich. The first officers were: L. Ahlmfeldt, N. G.; E. Holtzchue, V. G.. C. E. Graff, R. S.; H. Ehrlich, P. S.; B. Wies, Treasurer. During the first three years of its existence, it had a great amount of • sickness. The first Noble Grand died, leaving a wife and five small children, to be cared for and educated. This entailed a heavy burden upon the lodge, and it required a hard struggle to escape bankruptcy. Since that time, however, it has steadily advanced, and it now ranks with the best in the state, both as regards amount and quality of work done. The meetings are uniformly well attended. Present member- ship, 131; cash and investments, $2,100, besides a valuable set of regalia and other appliances for conducting the business and work of the lodge. The present (1881) officers are: M. F. Myers, N. G.; R. S. Carpen- ter, V. G.; H. N. Robinson, R. S.; R. M. M. Abercrombie, P. S.; Geo. T. Newcomb, Treasurer; Lodge Deputy, W. F. Dyer. Number of Past brands in good standing, 15. Sl6 HISTORY OF ST. JOSEPH. This lodge has paid out over $3,500 for relief of brothers and wid- owed familiae. St. Joseph Degree Lodge No. 3 I. O. O. F., was instituted March 26r 1881, by Past Grand Master L. T. Minturn, and is composed of King Hill Lodge No. 19, Eclipse Lodge No. 143, and Enterprise Lodge No. 232. The first and present officers are : W. F. Dyer, Degree Master ; Geo. E. Acklam, Deputy Degree Master ; W. A. Jordan, First Assistant Degree Master ; Geo. T. Newcomb, Second Assistant Degree Master;. J. C. Young, Third Assistant Degree Master ; F. W. Haimmann, Fourth Assistant Degree Master ; H. N. Robinson, Secretary • M. F. Myers, Treasurer ; F. C. Wheeler, Past Grand ; W. S. Missemer, Warden ; Jos- Croteau, Conductor; Wm. Roedde, I. G.-; J. F. West, O. G. Member- ship comprises all scarlet degree members of the three lodges above named. Regular meetings occur on the second and fourth Saturdays of each month. District No. 11, composed of King Hill Lodge No. 19, Humboldt Lodge No. 130, Eclipse Lodge No. 143, Enterprise Lodge No. 232, Agency No. 241, Amazonia No. 286, Ora Degree Lodge No. 35 Daugh- ters of Rebekah, Beulah Degree Lodge No. 46 Daughters of Rebekah, St. Joseph Degree Lodge No. 3. Representatives to Grand Lodge : J. F. West, of 19, and W. S. Mis- semer, of 232 ; W. F. Dyer, of 232, Deputy Grand Master. Beulah Lodge No. 40 D. of R., instituted October 10, 1879, by Past Grand Master L. T. Minturn. Charter members : John E. Pentz,, J. T. , Warburton, Maggie E. Warburton, Geo. Holden, Maggie Holden, A. J. Millier, Annie Millier, Ferd Relgen, W. F. Dyer, John Deloge, Addie Deloge, F. W. Hammann, Thos. Ashford, W. S. Missemer, E. T. Ellis, Isaac Hopper, Mrs. Isaac Hopper, John Jacbs, Donald Ross, Mrs. Donald Ross, F. A. Franks. The first officers were : Ferd Relgen, N. G. ;• Annie Millier, V. G. ; Maggie E. Warburton, R. S. ; Maggie Holden, Treasurer. This is a ladies' lodge, and its doors are open to all scarlet members and their wives or widows, also their daughters and sisters over eighteen years of age and unmarried. Regular meetings, third Saturday in each month, at Odd Fellows' Hall. The present officers are: Maggie E. Warburton, N. G.; Addie Deloge; Secretary, and Annie D. Ross, Treasurer. Hesperian Encampment, No. 8., I. O. O. F. This encampment is one of the oldest in the state, and has sometimes had very hard work to hold its charter, but is now (1881) in a highly prosperous condition, being composed largely of young and energetic men. At the last report, it ranked second in the state for quantity and quality of work performed. Its present officers are : W. F. Dyer, C. R; R. S. Carpenter, H. R; D. E. Heaton, S. W.; Wm. Roedde, J. W.; J. T. Warburton, Scribe; Geo.' E. Acklam, Treas- HISTORY OF ST. JOSEPH. $iy urer, Representative to the Grand Encampment, and Deputy Grand Patriarch. St. Joseph Encampment, No. 51, 1. O. O. F., was instituted February 9, 1870, with the following charter members : Sam Hesse, John Finger, Phil. Arnholdt, Ernst Wenz, Fred. Stephan, Henry Blum, Jos. Diedrich, G. M. Hauck, J. B. Harder, John Frank, Henry Schmidt, A. S. Long, Robert Wild, L. Ashlinfield. The first officers of this organization were : Ernst Wenz, C. P.; Sam Hesse, H. P.; Jos. Diedrich, S. W.; A. S. Long,, J. W.; Henry Schmidt, Scribe; Geo. M. Hauck, Treasurer. This encampment is composed almost entirely of members of Hum- boldt Lodge, No. 130, and like it, works in the German language. It has generally been very prosperous. The present membership is forty- seven. Present officers : Wm. Krumme, C. P.; John Seyfreid, H. P.; Sam. Hesse, S. W.; U. Schneider, J. W.; G. H. Bandel, Scribe; Fred Wenz, Treasurer; Geo. Bode, Representative to Grand Encampment; Fred. Wenz, Deputy Grand Patriarch. Hesperian Division of Uniformed Patriarchs, organized March, 1880, has thirty men in uniform. Its business meetings occur on the first Friday of each month, weekly drill on such nights as may be selected from time to time. The officers of this order are : W. F. Dyer, Chief Captain ; W. S. Missemer, Sub Captain; D. E. Heaton, Junion Captain; Geo. E. Acklam, Secretary and Treasurer. General Relief Committee of St. Joseph : W. S. Missemer, of Enterprise Lodge, President ; Fred Wenz, of Humboldt Lodge, Vice President ; J. F. West, of King Hill Lodge, Secretary ; F. W. Hammond, of Eclipse Lodge, Treasurer. Odd Fellows' Hall Association is a joint stock company, composed of King Hill Lodge No. 19, Humboldt Lodge No. 130, Eclipse Lodge No. 143, Enterprise Lodge No. 232, Hesperian Encampment No. 8, and St. Joseph Encampment No. 51. It was organized in the early part of 1881, for the purpose of managing the general property of the order, hall furniture, fixtures, etc. It is divided into ten shares, each lodge owning two shares and each encampment one. F. C. Wheeler, of Eclipse, is President ; F. Wenz, of St. Joseph Encampment, Vice President ; W. S. Missemer, of Enterprise, Secretary, and R. S. Carpenter, of Hesperian Encampment, Treasurer. The directors are George Acklam, of King Hill ; Henry Bandel, of Humboldt ; F. C. Wheeler, of Eclipse ; W. S. Missemer, of Enterprise ; R. S. Carpenter, of Hesperian Encampment, and Fred Wenz, of St. Joseph Encampment. All the different bddies of the order occupied a room in the spacious structure, on the corner of Fifth and Felix Streets, completed in the winter of 1858. Ifwas generally known as Odd Fellows' Hall, though I 5l8 HISTORY OF ST. JOSEPH. one-half of the third floor was occupied by the different Masonic bodies, who had assisted in completing the structure. This building, at the period of its completion, was the most spacious and elegant in the city, extending 40 feet front by 120 feet deep. The halls of the two orders were lofty, spacious, and, when used for the purposes originally designed, elegantly appointed and equipped. Its original cost was about fortyi thousand dollars. During the war, as stated in our notice of the Masonic order, it was taken for debt, and became the property of W. R. Penick and J. W. Bailey. It was destroyed by fire about 1879. The site is now occupied by the most elegant business block in the city. This was erected in 1880 by J. W. Bailey and L. Hax. All the different bodies of the order hold their sessions in what is now termed Odd Fellows' Hall, a spacious and elegant apartment, occu- pying the third floor of a building on the corner of Fifth and Edmond Streets. BENEVOLENT SOCIETIES. THE GERMAN BENEVOLENT SOCIETY, ranks with the oldest established institutions in St. Joseph, its origin dating as far back as 1847. Frederick Smith, one of the founders of the organization, was its first President. Its object, when first instituted, was the extension of aid to German immigrants arriving in St. Joseph, many of whom, in that early day, were unable to express themselves in any but their native language. Organized on the broad basis of human charity, and absolutely non-sectarian in its character, this noble institu- tion has ever since continued to prosper in its unostentatious efforts in behalf of suffering humanity, without interruption. Its present (1881) membership is 155. Henry Duve is President and Henry Voth, Secretary. THE TURN VEREIN, a gymnastic association among the German citizens of St. Joseph, was organized June 3rd, 1858, with eighteen members, including the Presi: dent, Dr. Stein and Charles Ziph, the Secretary. The membership of the Turn Verein, in 1 881, is one hundred. SAINT FRANCIS XAVIER SOCIETY, a benevolent institution, was organized in 1865, with 15 members. March 16, 1866, the same was incorportated. The membership of this society in 1881, is 95, including Edward Wagner, President and Henry Voth, Secretary. HISTORY OF ST. JOSEPH. 519 THE ST. JOSEPH MAENNERCHOR, a German singing society, was instituted May 22, 1868, with 12 mem- bers, including the President, Carl Weigel. The present (1881) officers are E. Padberg, President ; Robert Bressem, Vice President ; Franz Hellman, Secretary ; F.. Ferry, Librarian ; Felix B. Canfield, Musical Director. The aggregate meinbership is 100. THE HIBERNIAN BENEVOLENT SOCIETY, was organized February, 1867, with 30 members. By the close of the following year, this number rose to 700. John Corby was first President, and Daniel Lysaght, Secretary. The society lost its existence in 1878. SAINT PATRICK'S BENEVOLENT SOCIETY, was organized in 1871, with about 40 members. Jeremiah Whalen was its first President. In 1875 the society was reorganized, with 60 members, ■of which Joseph Mclnerny was President. He was continously re-elected to this office till the year 1880, when he was succeeded by M. J. McCabe. The present (1881) membership of the society is 125. The elections for officers occur on the second Sunday in January each year. Saint Pat- rick's Benevolent Society is a branch of the Irish Catholic Benevolent Union of the United States, departments of which exist in every state in the Union. There were formerly in St. Joseph two organizations of the order of KNIGHTS OF PYTHIAS. Lomia Lodge No. 15, K. P., was instituted December 3, 1871, by Past Grand Chancellor George B. Birch, of Hannibal, with twelve members. The membership of this lodge at one time was largely over 100. In December, 1880, it surrendered its charter. St. Joseph Lodge No. 22, K. P., was instituted May 14, 1872, with eleven members. This organ- ization is now (1881) in a prosperous condition. Its membership is ■about one hundred. In connection with this order there is a very suc- ■cessful insurance organization known as the "Endowment Rank,'' which pays from $1,000 to $3,000 to the heirs of knights at their death. One ■or two losses in this vicinity have been paid promptly. THE UNITED ANCIENT ORDER OF DRUIDS, in St. Joseph, includes two separate organizations. The older of these, "WaJhalla Hain No. 28, was organized August 28, 1872, with fifteen mem- bers, including G. Saltzman, Noble Arch, and A. S. Jetter, V. A. There 520 HISTORY OF ST. JOSEPH. are now (1881) one hundred and three members of this Grove. The principal officers are Charles Schneider, N. A.; John Seyfridt, V. A., and Charles Everhardt, Secretary, This is a German organization. CENTENNIAL GROVE, NO. 35, U. A. O. D., an English speaking institution, was organized in May, 1876, with seven- teen or eighteen members. It afterwards surrendered its charter. SOUTH ST. JOSEPH GROVE, NO. 37, U. A. O. D., was organized August 18, 1879, with the following charter members: A- S. Yetter, R. E. Morris, Wm. E. Jamieson, Jule Robidoux, A. D. Stauffer, H. W. Stine, Ira C. Putnam, E. Hansen, J. J. Rainalter, C. Hubacher. The first officers elected were A. S. Yetter, N. A. ; C. A. Hubacher, V. A. ; Jule Robidoux, Treasurer ; E. Hansen, Secretary ; Wm. E. Jamieson,. Cond. ; R. E. Morris, I. G. The Grove meets (1881) corner Ninth and Olive, every second Monday. THE LIBERAL LEAGUE, a society organized in St. Joseph, with forty-seven members, in the year 1874, has for its object the universal diffusion of menital and political lib- erty. P. V. Wise, its first presiding officer, has been continuously- re-elected to that position up to the present time. Thos. Kennedy was the first appointed Secretary. The present (1881), membership is 140. GREUTLI VEREIN is a Swiss society, organized in St. Joseph in January, 1874, with thirty members. Conrad Tanner, its first President, was re-elected in 1881 ;. Fred. Roth, Secretary. THE BISMARK BUND, a German organization, was established in St. Joseph in January, 1873,. with eighty-three members. Its first President was Christ. Mast. An English section Was afterwards added, but this has ceased to exist. The Bund is now known as the Mutual Benefit and Aid Society. H. W.. Kastor is now (1881) President; H. Brunsing, Treasurer; andJoeOppen- heimer, Secretary. THE INDEPENDENT ORDER OF FORESTERS includes two organizations in the city. Court America, No. i, was. organized by E. F. Hartzell, C. R., with twenty-seven members. This. HISTORY OF ST. JOSEPH. $21 was the first Court organized west of the Mississippi River. Member- ship in 1 88 1, sixty-two. E. F. Hartzell, the founder of Court America, is now (1881) Secretary of the Supreme Court of the World, which holds its sessions in the City of New York. COURT GERMANIA, NO. lO, was organized in May, 1878, with sixty charter members. F. Schoen- laub was its first Chief Ranger. Membership in i88i,over one hundred. The members of this Court carry from $1,000 to $3,000 insurance. Th^ sick benefit is $3 per week. ANCIENT ORDER OF UNITED WORKMEN. This order was instituted in Missouri in the year 1876. It is a mutual benefit life insurance society. PRIDE OF THE WEST LODGE, NO. 42, was organized in St. Joseph December 29, 1877, with thirty-nine charter members, including the following officers: W. A. Jordan, P. M. W.; M. F. Anderson, M. W.; C. Hubacher, Gen'l F.; R. c' Crawley, O.; I. H. Gaston, G.; F. D. Hermance, R.; S. M. Beattie, F.; Jas. Hall, R.; Wm. Strop, J. W.; J. E. Pence, O. W.; A. V. Banes, M. D., Med. Ex. Mem- bership (1881) one hundred. SELECT KNIGHTS OF THE A. O. U. W., LEGION NO. 1 3, was instituted May, 1880, with ten members, including the following officers: T. D. Hermance, S. C; D. C. Anderson, V. C; D. E. Heaton, Lieut. C; A. M. Saxelby, S. Recorde,r; L. G. Munger, Treasurer. SOCIALISTIC LABOR PARTY. Section St. Joseph, established May, 1878, with fourteen members, including the following officers : Henry Christ, Agitator, and H. Paar, Secretary. The object of the society is the accomplishment of a more precise, orderly and harmonious arrangement of the social relations of mankind than that which has hitherto prevailed. Its membership includes representatives of every nationality in the city. THE KNIGHTS OF HONOR Include two separate organizations in the city : Phoenix Lodge No. 2220 was instituted May, 1880, with twenty-two members. George W. Belt, Dictator, and James Ritchie, Financial 522 HISTORY OF ST. JOSEPH. Reporter. The insurance of this lodge is from $ i ,000 to $2,cxx) ; sick ben- efit, five dollars per week. Industrial Lodge No. 2228, K. H., a German organization, was also instituted in May, 1880, a short time after the establishment of Phoenix Lodge. It started with fifteen members. Dr. J. T. Berghoff, Dictator, and D. F. Bombeck, Reporter. Membership in 1881, twenty-nine. KNIGHTS AND LADIES OF HONOR, FERN LEAF LODGE, NO. 37O, was organized Nov. 12, 1880, with seventeen charter members — eight ladies and nine knights. This, like the above, is also a life insurance society, paying $1000 death benefit. The officers with which this lodge was organized were George S. Holden, Protector ; Mrs. Fanny Stewart, Secretary, and Dr. J. T. Berghoff, Med. Ex. THE ARION, a musical society, was organized May 20, 1880, with twelve members, including John Moeck, Jr., President and J. G. Schneider, Secretary. In 1 88 1, the membership amounted to sixty. THE NATIONAL IRISH LAND LEAGUE, NO. I, was organized at the Christian Brothers' school, in South St, Joseph, January i, 1881, Joseph Mclnery, President and W. W. Davis, editor Catholic Tribune, Secretary. By the following July, the membership was increased to 300. THE TRADES AND LABOR ASSEMBLY OF ST. JOSEPH, a society composed of all the Trades Unions in the city, was organized June 7, 1881, with eleven unions, viz : the Typographical, Cigar Makers', Bricklayers', Teamsters', Knights of St. Crispin, Hod Carriers', Brick Yard Men's Union, Coopers', Carpenters', Plasterers' and Barbers'. The officers first elected were, J. L. Aubrey, President ; R. H. Sem- ple. Recording Secretary ; Professor Johnson (colored) Corresponding Secretary. HEBREW SOCIETIES. SAINT JOSEPH LODGE NO. 1 3, I. O. B'NAI BRITH was organized April 16, i866. The charter members were B. A. Feine- man, its first president, Sam. Hess, Elias Hess, Sam. Levy, Sam Rauh, HISTORY OF ST. JOSEPH. 525, Isaac Oppenheimer, A. Hamburger, H. Binswanger, L. Dawziger, I.. Haas, Joseph Straus, Max Juda, Jacob Kurtz, Sol. Juda, Meyer Juda,, Isaac Rosenthal. The officers in 1881 were: Ferd Westheimer, Presi- dent ; H. Marks, Vice President ; Joe Straus, Treasurer ; Robert Lowen- stein, Financial Secretary; Sam. Hess, Recording Secretary; Julius Meyer, I. G. ; Sol, Juda, O. G. The trustees are Abe Furst, Samuel Westheimer, and Moses Frank. THE SONS OF ISRAEL is another worthy society among the Hebrews. It was instituted in September, 1879, with twenty-four members. B. Newberger, President; H. Ehrlich, Treasurer ; S. Binswanger, Secretary. The objects of the society are charity and mutual benefit. THE ladies' HEBREW BENEVOLENT SOCIETY is also a prominent, efficient and highly respected organization. CLUBS. THE PHCENIX CLUB, an organization for social enjoyment among the Hebrews of St. Joseph, was instituted in 1867, and included in its membership some of the most respected of that people. It has twice since then been organized. At its second organization, in 1880, Isadore Weil was elected President ; H. Ehrlich, Secretary, and Abe Furst, Treasurer. THE UNCONDITIONAL UNION CLUB was organized in St. Joseph, August ist, 1863 ; W. R. Penick, President, and James T. Beach, Secretary. Over one hundred diiferent clubs were at one time connected with this institution, which afterwards merged into a similar organization in St. Louis. The following were the officers and members of the executive com- mittee of the Unconditional Union Club of Missouri : W. R. Penick, President ; James T. Beach, Secretary; George Lyon, Treasurer ; William Loving, Louis Hax, W. M. Albin, William Fowler, James Hunter, David Pinger. The above were all citizens of St, Joseph, and, with the exception of William Fowler, deceased, are still (1881) residents of the city. C^.LEGE OF PHYSICIANS AND SURGEONS TOOTLES OPERA HOUSE. HISTORY OF ST. JOSEPH. 52$ The medical societies of St. Joseph are three in number : ST. JOSEPH MEDICAL SOCIETY, the oldest organization of that character in the city, was instituted about the year 1849. O- B. Knode, M. D., was its first President. Doc- tors Crane, Howard, Catlett, and, indeed, all the best of the early estab- lished physicians of the city were members of this association. The society at one time published a highly popular medical journal, which lost its existence during the stormy days of the civil war, and has never since been revived. The organization, however, still (1881) continues to exist in a prosperous condition. Dr. Jacob Geiger is President. THE SURGICAL AND PATHOLOGICAL SOCIETY was organized in 1874. J. D. Smith, M. D., became its first President, and J. M. D. France, Secretary. The oiificers in 1881, were J. M. D. France, M. D., President, and W. B. Craig, M. D., Secretary. THE DISTRICT MEDICAL SOCIETY, OF NORTHWES^ MISSOURI, was organized June 17, 1875. W- I- Heddens, M. D., of St. Joseph, was its first President, and W. H. Bryant, M. D., of Savannah, its first Vice President ; Jacob Geiger, M. D., Secretary. It then included twenty- six members from eleven different towns and cities. Its present mem- bership (1881) is seventy-one. C. W. Spicer, M. D., of Fillmore, Andrew County, is President, and D. I. Christopher, M. D., of St. Joseph, Secre- tary. The society meets quarterly in St. Joseph. SCOTTISH SOCIETIES. There were, at one time, in the city of St. Joseph, two societiaie among her Scottish citizens, known respectively as the St. Andrews and the Caledonian Societies. The former has lost its existence. THE CALEDONIAN was instituted for benevolent and charitable purposes, in the fall of 1859, by a few leading Scotchmen resident in the city, prominent among whom were Alexander McGregor and John Burnside. Of the original founders many have died and others moved away from the city. Their first grand entertainment was held January 25, i860. All good Scotchmen and descendants of Scotchmen, of reputable character, were eligible to membership. There have been, from time to time, numerous TEMPERANCE ORGANIZATIONS in the city. Mount Hope Temple of Honor was instituted August 22nd, 1874. 526 HISTORY OF ST. JOSEPH. Crystal Wave Social Temple, an appendage of the Temple of Honor, was organized Nov. 26, 1878. Webster Lodge, No. 206, was instituted July 3rd, 1867. Others, of more or less importance, have existed at different times. Several of them were merged into the RED RIBBON REFORM CLUB, an institution which was organized December 16, 1877, by J. C. Bonte- cou, a temperance revivalist, who achieved considerable distinction in the discharge of his self-imposed duties. After the organization of the club, rooms were secured under Tootle's Opera House, and, with a mem- bership that speedily rose to 1,200, the work was fairly inaugurated. The club occupied these rooms till May 24th of the following year, when the upper portion of a building on the corner of Second and Francis Streets was rented and fitted for the use of the organization These quarters, centrally located and easy of access, were admirably -adapted to the purpose designed. On the first floor occupied by the club, were two spacious rooms, used, respectively, as a reading room and amusement room. In the former were found all the leading newspapers of the country, and, also, a well-selected library. In the amusement room v}ere all the popular games, with the exception of cards. Every advantage of rational recreation was thus offered the members, while the strictest decorum was at all times enforced. The entire upper portion of the building was used as a hall for the meetings of the club and the various entertainments which were given from time to time. This was provided with a spacious stage and all the accessories of a miniature theatre, including diop-curtain, foot-lights, scenery, etc. The seating capacity of this hall was over 500. A very liberal policy was pursued by the management of the club, and refined amusements were from time to time presented for the enter- tainment of the members. Largely attended religious meetings were held every Sunday evening, at which, at different times during the year, the pastors of the several churches in the city officiated. Lecturers of distinction from other cities also occasionally addressed the club. Inj the winter season regular dancing parties were given, as well as dra- matic and rhusical entertainments for the benefit of the club treasury. The first officers of the club were : Mordecai Oliver, President ; C. B. Wilkinson, First Vice President ; Thomas F. Ryan, Second Vice President ; William H. Wood, Third Vice President ; James C. Cozine, Secretary; E. A. Smith, Financial Secetary; T. Van Natta, Treasurer ; J. A. Winsch, First Marshal ; R. A. Craig, Second Marshal ; T. Huyler, Sergeant-at-arms. HISTORY OF ST. JOSEPH. 527 COLORED SOCIETIES. MASONIC. Wilkerson Lodge No. 26, A. F. and A. Y. M., was chartered in 1868. Pride of the West Lodge, A. F. and A. Y. M. was chartered in 1878, with thirty-eight members. Mount Mora Royal Arch Chapter was chartered in 1876, with eighteen members. These bodies ail hold their sessions in a spacious and elegant hall on the northwest corner of Second and Felix Streets. KNIGHTS OF TABOR. Mount Tabor Temple No. 29, is a large and prosperous organization among the colored people. Golden Fleece Tabernacle No. 127, was organized in 1877. Queen Mary's Tabernacle was organized August 18, 1867. The Good Samaritans, and Sons of Protection, are also flourishing benevolent societies among the colored people. HOME OF THE FRIENDLESS. The motives which could lead to the establishment of a place of rest and protection for the destitute and helpless among women, as well as of the legion of unfortunate little waifs of fortune drifted out on life's stormy sea, without friend or guardian, are among the most ennobling that belong to human nature. Hence, no institution of unselfish benevolence ever awakened a livelier interest in the minds of the people of St. Joseph, and of the county generally, than has the Home of the Friendless. On the 8th of October, 1874, four ladies of the city, Mrs. Austill, Mrs. Rock, Mrs. Jeff, Williams and Mrs . Charles Thompson, made their first attempt in an enterprise jvhich has since been clothed with such signal and generally unlooked for success. They first rented, for the purpose of accommodating the home, a building, the property of Milton Tootle, on Antoine, between Main and Levee Streets, and now (1881) used as a hospital. This they opened on the date above mentioned, with three inmates, one woman and two small children. This was the small beginnings of a grand and noble expression of human charity, which the devoted energy and unselfish labors of a hand- 528 HISTORY OF ST. JOSEPH. ful of earnestly humane women, inaugurated under circumstances the reverse of encouraging, and which, in a very few subsequent years, was to develop results in which every friend to the cause of broad and unselfish charity in the city and county was to feel a just pride and a lively and permanent interest. The institution, from its earliest incipiency, was established on the broad basis of human charity. Jew or Gentile, Catholic or Protestant, were, and are alike subjects of the ministering care of those devoted messengers of mercy, who recognize in the unfortunate and the afflicted, the cry of human suffering. Since the establishment of the society, in 1874, the necessities of over eight hundred women and children have been relieved by this society. The watchful care of its members is not expected to cease with the provision of homes for the children, many of whom, after such provision, have been moved to other and more eligible guardianship through the aid and influence of ladies of the Home. From its organ- ization in 1874, good homes have been provided, generally in the country, for over one hundred destitute children from the city. While the temporary and immediate necessities of every applicant are promptly relieved, only those from the state are permanently cared for. The inmates of the home are usually aged women and children. After the first establishment of the institution, it was subject to several removals at different times, the society being, for many years, unable to own a building. In the summer of 1880, George T. Hoagland offered to donate to the society, for a Home for the Friendless, an elegant two-story brick residence with ten acres of ground, at Saxton, on the Hannibal and St. Joseph Railroad, six miles east of St. Joseph. This munificent gift the ladies were compelled to decline, in view of the distance of its location from the city. This liberality on the part of Mr. Hoagland, however, seemed to prompt a kindred spirit in the minds of others. R. H. Jordan, Major Condon and Colonel John Tyler labored indefatigably as a committee for the purpose of soliciting funds for the purchasing of a Home for the unfortunate. Their efforts were ultimately crowned with complete suc- cess, and with the amount realized, $3,500, was purchased the splendid place on the corner of Main and Pouline Streets, formerly the property and residence of Armstrong Beattie, in his life-time the leading banker of St. Joseph. The building is an old-fashioned but comfortable brick residence. It stands in a half block of well-improved ground, laid out in terraces, communicating with each other by means of stone steps. It is well shaded with ornamental trees, and is in every respect attractive in appearance. The $3,500 paid for this property was the original cost of the stone wall b>- which it is surrounded. HISTORY OF ST. JOSEPH, 529 The following is the article of incorporation -. - In the matter of the incorporation of the Home of the Friendless Aid Society : Now, at this day, comes the above-mentioned matter coming on for hearing, and it appearing that the petition herein, together with the articles of association thereto attached, have been on file in the clerk's office of this court for more than three days since said petition and arti- cles were presented to the court, the same having been presented on the iith day of May, 1881, as appears by the official endorsement thereof on the back of said petition, and it further appearing that said articles of agreement and the purposes of the association come properly within the province of Article 10, Chapter 21, of the Revised Statutes of Missouri for 1879, and are not inconsistent with the constitution or laws of the United States or State of Missouri, it is ordered and decreed by the court that said Rufus H. Jordan, Frank C. Condon and Adam N. Schuster, President, Secretary and Treasurer respectively of said association, and their associates and successors, be and are hereby incorporated, under the name of the "Home of the Friendless Aid Society," and that they have and possess the rights, privileges and powers set out in said arti- cles of association. STATE OF MISSOURI, ) County of Buchanan, j I, Samuel D. Cowan, Clerk of the Circuit Court in and for the county and state aforesaid, do certify that the above and foregoing is a full, true and complete decree of court, made as aforesaid, in the above entitled cause, as the same appears of record, and on file in my office. In testimony whereof I have hereunto set my hand and affixed the seal of said court at office in the City of St. Joseph, this 23d day of May, 1 88 1. S. D. COWAN, Clerk, by G. D. Frame, D. C. In the articles of association it is provided that the name and style of the corporation shall be the Home of the Friendless Aid Society, and shall be located in the city of St- Joseph, Buchanan County, Missouri. The object and purpose of the corporation shall be to act as trustee, under section 911, of the Revised Statutes, in carrying out the benev- olent purposes of the Ladies' Union Benevolent Association, heretofore incorporated, under the laws of Missouri, relating to charitable and benevolent associations, the pr9perty to be owned by those contributing to its present purchase or future improvement, and is to be conveyed by deed to this corporation for the use and purposes aforesaid. Should the said Ladies' Union Benevolent Association, at any time hereafter, aban- don its purposes and franchises, the object and purposes of this shall be deemed to have fully accomplished, and the same shall be dissolved, and the proceeds of said property shall be divided among the persons who have contributed thereto, their heirs or assigns, as their interest shall then appear. 530 HISTORY OF ST. JOSEPH. It is provided in section 4, that the officers of the corporation shall consist of a President, Vice President, Secretary, Treasurer and Board of Trustees. In section 14, it is provided that the following named persons shall constitute the Board of Trustees until the next annual election : R. H. Jordan, J. C. Evans, M. A. Reed, H. K. Judd, F. C. Condon, A. N. Schuster and J. H. Robison. The subscribers who contributed aid towards the purchase of the Home include a large number of the citizens of St. Joseph. The officers of the Home have always been elected yearly. Those first chosen were Mrs. John Donovan, President ; Mrs. George Connell, Vice President ; Mrs. A. N. Schuster, Treasurer ; Mrs. Jeff WilHams, Recording Secretary and Mrs. John Townsend, Corresponding Secre- tary. Mrs. Donavan remained in the same office for three consecutive years after the first election. Of the original twelve directors but three now (1881) remain on the board. These are Mrs. John Dolman, Mrs. Michau, and Mrs. George C. Hull. The present officers of the Home are : Mrs. John A. Dolman, now serving her fourth year as President ; Mrs. Dr. Ellingwood, First Vice President ; Mrs. Geo. B. Hoagland, Second Vice Fresident ; Mrs. R. H. Jordan, Third Vice President ; Mrs. M. C. Condon, Treasurer ; Mrs. W. A. Lord, Recording Secretary ; Mrs. Wm. Moore, Corresponding Secre- tary. These, with eleven others, compose the board of directors. Heretofore, the expenses of the Home have been kept up by private subscriptions and the proceeds of a bazaar held once a year. From the liberality heretofore manifested, the managers-and others interested in the success of the Home have been led to hope that the laborious neces- sity of keeping up these annual bazaars will be obviated by some sub- stantial aid, either from the state or from some other source. THE NATIONAL TEMPERANCE RELIEF UNION, of St. Joseph, is the outgrowth of several benevolent and mutual benefit associations. Its original charter is dated 1878. Present (1881) officers: J. A. Millan, President ; J. M. Street, Vice President and Business Man- ager ; John Donavan, Treasurer ; F. H. Lewis, Secretary. Membership, 7,500. Indemnity certificates in force, 1,100. CHAPTER IX. PUBLIC SCHOOLS OF ST. JOSEPH. The citizens of St. Joseph are justly proud of their excellent system of public schools, which not only afford a practical and liberal education for their children at home,' but have given the city character and repu- tation abroad. They have been one of the most important factors in attracting immigration, and have done more than any other institution to add to the population, wealth and general prosperity of the city. They are the schools in which the great masses of the children are edu- cated — the children of the wealthy, of the men of moderate means and of the poor alike — all classes, and frequently many nationalities, being represented in the same school. Colonel Wilder, in an able editorial of recent date, says : One of the best influences arising from our free schools is the fact that they completely break down the barriers that come from the differ- ence in nationalities and religions. Having four children at school, we are glad to be able to say that the education they have received in this ' respect, has been broad and generous, and is worth more, in many vital respects, than anything to be learned from books. The scholar is the inhabitant of all countries ; he does not call Horner and Shakespeare and Goethe and Hugo foreigners ; they are his kindred and countrymen. And when your little child is made to imbibe this spirit ; when he is made to start out in life with it, you have broad- ened his vision and enlarged his heart in such, a way that he will always be a man-^the true American that the new generation is to see and to make. Until the year i860, no attempt at any system of public schools had been made in St. Joseph. Occasionally a free school would be taught for a month or two, or for a sufficient length of time to absorb what was not wasted or lost of the city's share of the public school fund. But there was' no public school system, and St. Joseph had merely the organization of a country school district. In that year, a few of the most enterprising of her citizens determined to make an effort to establish a system of public schools. They sought and obtained from the legisla- ture of the state a good and liberal charter, which reads as follows : AN ACT TO INCORPORATE THE ST. JOSEPH BOARD OF PUBLIC SCHOOLS. Be it enacted by the General Assembly of the State of Missouri, as follow s: Section i. That all free white persons residing within the limits of School District No. i, in School Township No. 8, in Buchanan 532 HISTORY OF ST. JOSEPH. County, in this state, as the limits of said district now are or may here- after be established, are hereby constituted a body politic and corporate, by the name and style of the " St. Joseph Board of Public Schools," and by that name they and their successors shall be known in law, have per- petual succession, sue and be sued, implead and be impleaded, defend and be defended, in all courts of law and equity, in all actions whatever ; may purchase, receive, and hold property, real and personal ; and may lease, sell or dispose of the same, and do all other acts as natural persons. They shall have a common seal, and may break and alter the same at pleasure. Sec. 2. The powers of the corporation hereby established shall be vested in a President and Directors, who shall be free, white males,, at least twenty-one years of age, who shall have resided in said district at least one year previous to their election, and who shall be citizens of the United States, shall have paid a city or county tax, and who shall be chosen or appointed as hereafter directed. Sec. 3. The Board of President and Directors shall consist of a President, to be elected by the district at large, and two members, to be elected by each of the wards in the City of St. Joseph, as the same now are or may hereafter be established. The first election shall be held on the First Monday of February, A. D., i860, at the usual place of holding elections in the several wards of said city, and the Trustees of said dis- trict shall, immediately after the passage of this act, annex those por- tions of said district situated without the corporate limits of said city to the wards in said city to which they are contiguous, for the purposes mentioned in this act, and appoint Inspectors and Clerks of election provided for in this section. Sec. 4. No person shall be allowed to vote at any election for President or Directors, unless, he shall at the time of offering his vote be a free, white male inhabitant, over the age of twenty-one years, who has resided within the limits of the district at least one year previous to said election, and who shall be a citizen of the United States, and shall have paid a city or county tax ; and no person holding any office under the provisions of the charter of the City of St. Joseph, or under any act amendatory or supplementary thereto, shall, during his term of office, be elegible to any office under the provisions of this act. Sec. 5. The Board of President and Directors shall have power to judge of the qualifications, elections and returns of their own members; to prescribe the times, places and manner of conducting the elections of members of said Board, in the several wards of said city ; to compel the attendance of members at the meetings of said Board, and by the con- currence of two-thirds of all the members elected, to expel a member, but not a second time for the same offense ; to make rules for the gov- ernment of their own proceedings ; to take and have charge and control of the public schools and all the property appropriated to the use of pub- lic schools in said district ; to sell or lease any real estate belonging to said district ; to loan upon real estate security for a period of time not exceeding one year any money belonging to said district which is not required for immediate use : Provided, That in case any money is loaned, by said Board, the rate of interest thereon shall not exceed ten per centum per annum, and the real estate security given for the same shall be free from all incumbrances, and valued at the last assessment roll of HISTORY OF ST. JOSEPH. 533 the county at least double the amount loaned thereon ; and no member of the Board shall borrow any of such money, or become interested, either directly or indirectly, in any such loan. And provided further. That no member of the Board shall be interested, either directly or indi- rectly, in the purchase, lease, sale, or title of any real estate or other property belonging to or claimed by the corporation established by this act ; and whenever it shall appear that any member is interested in the manner aforesaid, the Board shall declare his seat vacant, and shall fill the vacancy in the manner hereinafter provided. The Board shall also have power to make all rules, regulations and ordinances necessary for the management and control of the property belonging to the corpora- tion, and for the government, discipline and other management of the schools under their charge, so that the same shall not be inconsistent with the laws of the land ; and generally to do all lawful acts which may be proper and convenient to carry into effect the objects of said corpo- ration. Sec. 6. The President of the Board shall be elected for a term of three years, and shall hold his office until his successor is elected and qualified. He shall preside at all meetings of the Board, of which body he shall be considered a member; appoint all committees, unless the Board shall otherwise direct ; he shall vote on all questions when the ayes and noes are called, or when the vote is taken by ballot, and give the casting vote in all other cases wherein there is a tie, and perform such other duties as naturally pertain to his office, and such as may be assigned him by the Board. Sec. 7. The Directors shall be elected for the term of three years, and until their successors are elected and qualified, and one-third of their number shall go out of office at the expiration of every school year ; and for that purpose the Board shall cause its members to be divided by lot into three classes, as nearly equal as may be ; the first class to go out of office at the-end of one year, the second at the end of two years, and the third at the end of three years ; so that one-third of the Board shall be elected every year. And whenever the establishment of new wards in the City of St. Joseph shall require the election of new members of the Board, such elected members shall be classed accordingly. Sec. 8. There shall be at least four stated meetings of the Board in every year, and the times and places of holding such meetings shall be prescribed by resolution or ordinance of the Board ; and the President or any three members of the Board may call special meetings by giving three days' notice in writing to the other members of the Board ; and in all meetings of the Board a majority of all the members elected shall constitute a quorum to do business, but any smaller number may adjourn from day to day and compel the attendance of absent members. Sec. 9. Whenever any vacancy shall occur among the members of the Board from any cause whatever, the same shall be filled by an elec- tion in the proper ward ; or in case the office of President shall become vacant, such vacancy shall be filled by an election in the district at large, and such election or elections shall be held at such time and place or places, and shall be conducted in such manner as the Board may direct : Provided, That all elections for President or Directors shall be by ballot, and no person shall be eligible to the office of Director unless he shall be at the time of his election a bona fide resident of the ward which he may 534 HISTORY OF ST. JOSEPH. be elected to represent ; and in case any Director shall remove from the ward in which he was elected, during his term of office, his office shalj be declared vacant by the Board, and an election ordered as soon there- after as may be to fill such vacancy. Sec. io. The Board of President and Directors shall appoint Inspectors and Clerks of all elections held under the provisions of this a/ct, subsequent to the election provided for in section three of this act ; and the votes cast at such election shall be properly canvassed and returned to the Board in such form and manner as the Board shall direct. The Trustees of said district in office at the time when this act takes effect shall prescribe the manner of canvassing the votes and making returns thereof, at the election held under the provisions of section three of this act, and shall give notice in writing to the persons chosen at said election. Sec. 1 1. The Board shall have power to appoint one of its members to act as President pro tempore in case of the absence uf the President elect, or in case the office of President shall become vacant. Sec. 12. The Board of President and Directors shall appoint a Sec- retary, Treasurer and Superintendent, and such other agents as to them shall seem necessary to accomplish the objects of the corporation and prescribe their powers, duties, obligations and compensation. They shall cause a faithful record to be kept of all the acts and proceedings of the Board, and shall lay the same before the General Assembly, or either house thereof, whenever required, and shall lay the same before a general meeting of the inhabitants of the district, whenever one hundred qualified electors of said district shall, by written application to the Board, require the same to be done, and for that purpose the Board shall have power to call a general meeting of the inhabitants of the district. And the said Board of President and Directors shall, at least once in every year, cause to be printed and published a true statement of the condition of the public schools under their charge, and a true and fair account of all the money concerns of the corporation. Sec. 13. It shall be the duty of the Board, as soon as conveniently may be, to take possession, charge and control of all lands, lots and other property whjch has been or may be received by or granted to the inhab- itants of said city or district, for the purposes of public education, and to that end the title to all such lands, lots and other property, so far as this General Assembly can control the same, is hereby vested in the corpor- ation created by this act, and the District Trustees in office at the time this act takes effect shall, upon being informed by notice in writing, signed by the President and Secretary of the Board, forthwith deliver to said Board all books, papers and records in their hands belonging to said district, and pay over to the order of said Board all the money in their hands belonging to the district, and deliver the possession of all other property in their charge and belonging to said district to said Board. Sec. 14. The Board shall cause an estimate of the amount of money necessary to be raised for the purpose of building and repairing school houses and furnishing the same, together with the amount necessary to meet the other expenses. of the corporation, to be made out and certified under the seal of the Board annually ; and a copy of such estimate, duly authenticated, shall be filed with the Clerk of the County Court of Buchanan County, on or before the first Monday in August of each year; HISTORY OF ST. JOSEPH. 535 ^^he County Court shall cause the amount so certified to be levied upon all the taxable property, real and personal, in said district ; and the amount so levied shall be collected in the manner prescribed by law for the collection of state and county taxes : Provided, That the tax mentioned in this section shall not exceed one-fifth of one per centum in any one year. Sec. 15. The Collector of Buchanan County shall have authority, and it is hereby made his duty, to collect the tax mentioned in the next preceding section of this act, in the same manner, and under the same rules, regulations and restrictions, penalties, liabilities and responsibili- ties, and with the same powers, as shall be provided by law for the col- lection of the state and county revenue in said county. Sec. 16. The Collector of said county shall at least once in every month, and oftener if required in writing by the Treasurer of the Board, pay over to said Board all moneys collected and received by him to which said Board may be lawfully entitled. And the said Collector, for his services under this act, shall be entitled to the same compensation as shall be allowed by law for similar services in relation to the collection of the state and county taxes in said county. Sec. 17. The Collector of Buchanan County shall, within ninety days after his election or appointment, and before entering upon his duties under this act, enter into a bond, payable to said corporation, in such sum as the Board may require, with good and sufficient sureties, to be approved by said Board, conditioned that he will faithfully and punc- tually collect, account for, and pay over to said corporation all money received and collected by him under the provisions of this act ; and in case the said Collector shall not within ninety days after his election or appointment as aforesaid enter into a bond as provided in this section, his office of Collector of said County of Buchanan shall be deemed vacant, and such vacancy shall be filled in the same manner as if he had resigned, and he shall not be eligible or re-appointed to said office for one year thereafter. Sec. 18. The Collector of Buchanan County shall perform such other duties under this act, not herein specified, as he shall be required by law to perform in relation to the collection of the state and county taxes in said county. Sec. 19. The same assessment within the district which shall be made upon property from time to time for state and county purposes shall be deemed and used as the lawful and proper assessment in levying and collecting the taxes authorized by this act ; and the payment of, the taxes authorized by this act shall be enforced in the same manner and under the same rules and regulations as shall be provided by law for the enforcement of the payment of the state and county taxes in said county. Sec. 20. The Clerk of the County Court of Buchanan County shall perform the same duties under this act he shall be required by law to perform in relation to the state, county and other taxes in said county ; and for his services under this act he shall be allowed and paid by the Board such compensation as the Board of President and Directors shall deem reasonable, just and proper. Sec. 21. The President and other members of the Board, and the Secretary, Treasurer and Superintendent shall, before entering upon the 536 HISTORY OF ST. JOSEPH. duties of their respective offices, take and subscribe an oath before some Judge or Justice of the Peace, well and faithfully to perform the same. Sec. 22. The corporation hereby established shall be vested with the powers, charged with the duties, and entitled to- the privileges and immunities of a corporation organized under the provisions of ''an act relating to school corporations in towns and villages," approved Decem- ber 12, 1855, so far as the same are consistent with the provisions of this act. Sec. 23. All regulations, ordinances, resolutions and other corpor- ate acts of the corporation hereby established maybe proven in all courts- and places, either by a sworn copy thereof or by a copy certified by the President and Secretary and authenticated by the seal of the corpora- tion. And the General Assembly reserves to itself the power to change, alter or repeal this act whenever it shall appear to have failed in accom- plishing the objects for which it is passed ; but no law hereafter passed shall be construed as changing, altering or repealing the whole or part of this act, unless this act be expressly mentioned in such law. Sec. 24. This act to take effect and be in force from and after its passage, and the Secretary of State shall cause one hundred copies of the same to be printed as soon as may be and forwarded to the trustees of the school district incorporated by this act, for the use of said corpora- tion. And all acts or parts of acts contravening- the provisions of this: act are hereby made inoperative so far as regards said corporation. Approved January 4, i860. This charter has been twice amended by the Legislature, at the request of the Board of Public Schools ; once in 1866, and once in 1872. It is interesting to note how some of these amendments indicate the progress of Missouri in free thought and free government, from i860 to 1 866. The war proved a greater educator than the schools had been. The first section was amended by striking out the words, " all free white persons residing within the limits of School District No. i," and inserting in lieu thereof, "the residents of School District No. i." The second section was in like manner amended by striking out the words,. " free white males," and inserting the words, " resident tax payers." Section 4 was amended so as to read as follows : All persons who are residents of the district, and who are qualified electors for state or county officers for the time being, shall be entitled to vote in their respective wards at any election fbr President and Directors. Section 7 was amended to read as follows : The directors shall be elected for the term of two years, and until nheir successors are elected and qualified, and one-half of the number shall go out of office at the expiration of every school year, which shall be on the 31st day of July. The present Directors shall be considered the lawful Directors until the termination of their office, as herein provided, and until their suc- cessors are elected and qualified, and one of said Directors from each ward, to be decided by lot, shall go out of office on the 31st day of July, HISTORY OF ST. JOSEPH, 537 1866, and the other at the expiration of the next school year, so that hereafter one director shall be elected from each ward every year, and jvhenever the establishment of new wards shall require the election of new directors, they shall be classed accordingly. Section nine was amended to read as follows : Whenever, by removal from the district or otherwise, a vacancy shall occur in the office of either President or Directors, it shall be filled by appointment of the Board. Section fourteen was amended to read as follows : The Board shall cause an estimate of the amount of money neces- sary to be raised for the purpose of building and repairing school houses, and furnishing the same, paying the salaries of teachers and officers, together with the amount necessary to meet the other expenses of the corporation, to be made out and certified under the seal of the Board, annually, and a copy of such estimate, duly authenticated, shall be filed with the clerk of the County Court of Buchanan County, on or before the first Monday in August of each year ; and the County Court shall cause the amount so certified to be levied upon all the taxable property, real and personal, in said district, including merchants' state- ments, doing business within said district ; and the amount so levied shall be collected in the manner prescribed by law for the collection of state and county taxes : Provided, That the tax mentioned in this sec- tion shall not exceed seven mills on the dollar in any one year. Section twenty-two was amended by adding to it the following clause ; The County Superintendent of Buchanan County shall not, by vir- tue of his office as such, have any power or control over that part of the county now under the jurisdiction of the St. Joseph Board of Public Schools. The words "by virtue of his office as such" were inserted because the County Superintendent of Buchanan County, in office at the time', was Superintendent also of the St. Joseph Public Schools. The above are the only features in which the charter has been amended. In all other respects it remains the same as when first granted, except that the Constitution of Missouri, adopted since the charter was amended, restricts the annual rate of taxation for general purposes to four mills instead of seven. By referring to section three of the charter, it will be seen that the President of the Board was to be elected by the district at large, which comprises the city of St. Joseph and certain contiguous territory outside of the city limits on the north, east and south, while the members were to be elected by the voters of each ward. It was an excellent provision of the charter that the President should be thus elected by the district rather than by the Directors, as it makes him independent of the Board, and gives him a freedom of action that he might not otherwise have. 538 HISTORY OF ST. JOSEPH. In accordance with the provisions of this same section of the char- ter, an election was held on the first Monday in February, i860, for a President of the Board of Public Schools, and two Directors from each of the wards of the city of St. Joseph. At that time the city was divided into three wards, instead of five as at present. Dr. J. H. Crane, then an eminent physician of St. Joseph, now a res- ident of California, was elected President. He has, therefore, the honor of being the first President of the St. Joseph Board of Public Schools. The following gentlemen were elected Directors : From the First Ward — com- prising, at that time, the southern portion of the city — Louis Hax, John Shehan ; from the Second Ward, James A. Millan, John. J. Abell; from the Third Ward — comprising then the northern portion of the city — Wm. M. Albin, Erasmus F. Dixon. Of the above gentlemen compris- ing the first " Board of President and Directors of St. Joseph Public Schools" the following still reside in St. Joseph: Louis Hax, John J. Abell, James A. Millan, and William M. Albin. The first meeting of the Board was held in the office of Dr. Crane, the President, on the 7th day of February,, i860, when the oath of office was administered to the newly elected members by Willis M. Sherwood, Esq., a Justice of the Peace. It does not appear from the records that Mr. Abell ever attended any of the meetings of the Board. At that meeting, the Board completed its organization by electing James A. Millan, Secretary, and Joseph C. Hull, Treasurer. It is presumable that one of the first acts of the Board was to submit to the County Court an estimate for the levy of a tax for the erection of school houses, as three small school houses were built in i860, one in each ward of the city. But there is nothing to show that such an estimate was made or any tax levied, nothing to show that the houses were ordered to be built, or that any bids or proposals for their erection were ever invited or received. The school house, in what was then the First ward, was built on the southeast corner of Third and Charles Streets. Mr. Joseph Robidoux, the founder of St. Joseph, in laying off and platting the city, set apart and dedicated three lots on that corner for a city school, and the First ward school house was built on that ground. In 1865, these lots had become valuable for business purposes, and were very unsuitable for a school. In that year Mr. John P. Fink offered the Board twelve thousand dollars for the three lots, but as Mr. Robidoux had dedicated the ground to the city for a school, it was not clear that the Board had a right to sell, and after some negotiations, Mr. Robidoux, in considera- tion of the sum of three hundred dollars paid him, made a warrantee deed to the Board. The Board then sold the property to Mr. Fink, who built an extension to the house and used it for his shoe factory. The school house, in what was then the Second ward, was built on the east side of Twelfth Street, between Francis and Jule. There is HISTORY OF ST. JOSEPH. 539 nothing on the records or among the archives of the Board to show how this ground became the property of the public schools. The house built in i860 is still standing, and in use, and is known as the Franklin School. The school house in what was then the Third, but now the First ward, was built on Second Street, near Cherry, on a part of the ground which had been dedicated by Joseph Davis, in 1846, to the town of St. Joseph, for a public cemetery. In 1867, the City of St. Joseph, through its Mayor, deeded the ground to the Board of Public Schools. The build- ing, named for many years the Madison School, is still occupied, and is known as the First Colored School. The three houses were built on the same plan. They were built of brick, were 34 by 25 feet in size, and two stories high. They were small, uninviting in appearance, and unprovided with cloak rooms and other conveniences. They had two school rooms, one on each floor, with a narrow stairway in front. Each house could seat from lOO to 120 pupils. They were furnished with common pine double desks, made by a mechanic of the city. The schools were duly opened for the reception of pupils on the 23d of April, i860, with the following corps of teachers : In the First Ward School — Willianrt H. Marmion, principal; Miss Webster, assistant. In the Second Ward School — Sidney P. Cunningham, principal; Miss Annie Banes, now Mrs. John Townsend, assistant. In the Third Ward School— J. W. H. Griffin, principal ; Miss Lizzie Brand, now Mrs. Carder, assistant. It is interesting to note, as showing the liberal ideas prevailing in St. Joseph at that time in regard to popu- lar education, the salaries paid the first teachers in; the public schools, which were for the male principals, fifty. dollars per month, and for the female assistants, twenty-five dollars per month. It was a fortunate thing for the ladies that they lived at home, and had no board bills to pay. As already mentioned, the schools were opened on the 23d day of April, i860, and in the winter of 1861 it was found that there were in each of the ward schools quite a number of pupils who had mastered more or less thoroughly the branches of study prescribed for these schools, and who were prepared to take up more advanced studies. It was accbrdingly proposed to open a school of a higher order for their accommodation. Mr. Edward B. Neely had been conducting a classical school in St. Joseph for six years, and had recently erected a school building on Tenth Street, between Felix and Francis, for his own school. The Board made a proposition to Mr. Neely to take charge of the new school proposed to be established for the pupils too advanced for the ward schools, and to receive them in his building. Mr. Neely decided 54° HISTORY OF ST. JOSEPH. to accept the proposition, and opened the school on the first Monday of March, 1861, with about forty young ladies and gentlemen, who brought certificates from the principals of the ward schools that they had suc- cessfully completed the course of study prescribed for those schools. This was the initial step towards the establishment of a public high school in the City of St. Joseph. About the same time, Hon. George H. Hall was elected by the Board Superintendent of Public Schools, a position which he held for only the brief period of four months. In consequence of the disturbed state of society, resulting from the impending civil war, the Board, at a meeting held May 21, 1861, by resolution summarily closed all the grammar and primary schools, but continued the advanced school, taught by Mr. Neely, till the close of the term, in June, when it, too, ceased to be a public school. From this time till 1864, there were no public schools in the City of St. Joseph, although the Board held occasional meetings and maintained a partial organization, by ordering elections now and then to fill vacan- cies as they occurred in the directorship. The school houses were some- times rented for private schools, and sometimes occupied by the mili- tary. Here on the border, amidst the clangor of arms and the fury of civil combat, there was but little time or opportunity for the fostering, or development of a system of public instruction. There are no records showing the enrollment and attendance of pupils in the schools from the time of their opening in April, i860, till their suspension in May, 1861. But the writer, from observation, would infer that there was an attendance of about three hundred in the ward schools, and fifty in the advanced school. In 1864, the Board of Public Schools was constituted as follows: President Louis Hax ; members, David Pinger, William M. Wyeth, R. F. Maxwell, John Colhoun, J. P. Adolph, Bernard Patton. At a meeting held August 12th, 1864, the President and all the members being pres- ent, it was resolved to re-open the public schools of the city. Mr. E. B. Neely, who had resumed his private school, was elected at that meeting by a unanimous vote. Superintendent of Public Schools, a position to which he has since been elected every successive year, entering in August, 1881, upon his eighteenth year of service. Mr. Neely, has also, during that whole period, discharged the duties of Sec- retary of the Board. At that meeting a committee was appointed to confer with the Superintendent and arrange a plan for the reorganization of the schools. At a meeting of the Board, held August 13th, 1864, the Committee sub- mitted a plan in substance as follows : The schools to be opened at as early a day as possible, and for the present to comprise three general grades — primary, intermediate and high. HISTORY OF ST. JOSEPH. 54 1 One male principal and one female assistant to be employed in each of the three ward schools ; the principals to receive a salary of $8o per month, and the assistants $50. The Superintendent to be authorized to employ, as speedily as pos- sible, as competent teachers as could be procured for the salaries offered. The Board to establish at once a High School for the city, with the Superintendent of Schools as principal, and one male assistant, at a sal- ary of $80 per month. The school year to consist of ten months, of four weeks each, to be divided into three terms, the first term to comprise sixteen weeks, and the second and third twelve weeks each ; the salaries of the teachers to be paid at the expiration of each term. The matriculation fee of each pupil in the primary and intermediate grades to be fifty cents per month, and in the High School one dollar per month, payable each term in advance. Any one of good character and suitable age, residing outside the limits of the district, to be admitted as a pupil in any of the schools by paying in advance such tuition fee as is usually charged in private schools, provided this can be done without excluding residents of the district. The plan thus outlined met the approval of the Board, and was adopted by a unanimous vote. It will be noticed that the schools were not to be entirely free, a small tuition fee being charged each pupil. This fee had also been charged when the schools were first organized in i860. The rate of tax- ation allowed by the charter was so small that the schools could not have been run on full time without the aid of that small tuition fee. It was abolished by the Board on the 3d day of February, 1872, since which time the schools have been entirely free. The schools were opened to the public, under their new organization, on the 3d day of October, 1864, with the following corps of teachers : High School — Superintendent, principal, with Nelson Wilbur, a graduate of Dartmouth College, assistant. First Ward School — Nathan Somerville, principal ; Miss Jennie Parsons, assistant. Third Ward School— B. R. Vineyard, principal ; Miss Alice Bruner, assistant. Miss Bruner was married at the close of the first term, and Mrs. Annie R. Townsend was appointed in her place. Fourth Ward School— H. C. McLaughlin, principal ; Miss India Cowden, now Mrs. Evan W. Ray, assistant. The schools were immediately crowded to their utmost capacity, and many who applied were unable to gain admission for want of room. The reports of the principals at the close of the first term of sixteen weeks, showed that 478 pupils had been enrolled during the term. $42 HISTORY OF ST. JOSEPH. It was evident that more and better school acconnmodatfons must be provided. No intelligent and efficient system oF' grading could be' established by the Superintendent with the kind of buildfrags and lim- ited number of rooms at his disposal. The buildings were- altogether inadequate to the accommodation of the children already here, and the population of the city was rapidly increasing. It was plain that the Board must build school houses, and to enable it to do so and also to give it the means to operate the schools efficiently, it must have author- ity to increase the rate of taxation. At a meeting of the Board, held November 15, 1865, Judge P. Bliss, afterwards one of the Supreme Judges of the State, then a member of the Board, proposed several im- portant amendments to the charter, among others one increasing the rate of taxation from one-fifth to one-half of one per cent. The amend- ments were adopted, and Judge Bliss was appointed a committee to for- ward them to our Representative in the Legislature with a petition for their adoption. On the third day of March, 1866, the President convened the Board at the request of Judge Bliss, to hear and take action on his report. He stated that the act amending the charter had passed the lower house,, but had twice been defeated in the Senate, and as the proposed amend- ments were, some of them, of vital importance to the efficiency of the school system of the city, he suggested that the Superintendent, Mr- Neely, be sent to Jefferson City as the representative of the Board, with instructions to use every exertion to secure the passage of the act. At a meeting of the Board, held March 31st, 1866, Superintendent Neely reported that in accordance with his instructions, he had visited Jeffer- son City, and had succeeded, with the aid of the Representative from the county and the Senator from the district, in securing the passage o^ the desired amendments to the charter. The Board had already sold the property on Third and Charles Streets to Mr. John P. Fink, for the sum of twelve thousand dollars, and now, with the prospective increase in its revenue through the amendment of the charter, it was in a condition to begin the work of school extension. Accordingly, in 1866, the Board erected two commodious and handsome school houses, one on the cor- ner of Tenth and Edmond Streets, and one on the corner of Twelfth and Olive Streets. The price of labor and building materials was very high at that time, and the cost of building and furnishing these two houses, exclusive of the cost of the ground, was $36,071.50. The price paid for the ground on the corner of Tenth and Edmond Streets, 120 by 140 feet, was $1,500, and the grading cost $500.84. The sum paid for the lots on Twelfth and Olive streets, 135 by 140 feet, was $800, and it cost to grade them $441.70. Both houses were built on the same plan and were alike in every respect. Their architecture, while neat, is plain and simple, and they are well and substantially built. In all the houses HISTORY OF ST. JOSEPH. 545 built by the Board since the reorganization of the schools in 1864, this same wise policy has been pursued, to build plain but neat and conven- ient houses, without extravagant ornamentation, of moderate dimensions, none of them over two stories in height, and located to accommodate) as well as may be, the scattered population of the city. The building on the corner of Tenth and Edmond Streets was designed for a central high school, and is known as the St. Joseph High School. It was opened for the reception of pupils in 1866. Its first principal was John S. Crosby, Esq., under whose able management the school soon acquired great reputation, ranking second to no similar institution in the West. Mr. Crosby remained at its head till the fall of 1877, a period of eleven years, when he resigned to enter into a law part- nership with ex-Governor Woodson. The present principal, Mr. William D. Rusk was appointed his successor. He was an old pupil of Mr. Crosby, and a graduate of the High School, of the class of 1868. He had also been a teacher in the High School for several years. Under his judi- cious and energetic administration the school has retained the prestige it acquired, and enjoys a fine reputation both at home and abroad. The house built in the same year on the corner of Twelfth and Olive Streets was designed for a grammar and primary school, and was named the Everett School. In 1867, the Board built a school house for the colored children, a frame building, one story, 28 by 40 feet, on the corner of Fourth and Michel Streets. This school had formerly been taught in the colored Baptist church, on Francis Street. No more school houses were built till 1869, but as the schools con- tinued to be crowded, and many children could not gain admittance, the Board rented rooms wherever they could be found at all suitable for school purposes. At a meeting of the Board, held March 3rd, 1868, the following reso- lution was adopted : Resolved, That the St. Joseph Board of Public Schools, feeling the need of additional school buildings, and for the purpose of securing the necessary means therefor, and also for paying an indebtedness previously incurred in the erection of school houses, do hereby authorize and direct the President and Financial Committee of the Board to at once procure the issuing of bonds to the amount of forty thousand dollars, of the denominations of one thousand and five hundred dollars, with interest coupons attached ; interest payable semi-annually, at the Bank of Com- merce, in the city of New York, at the rate of ten per cent, per annum. It is further ordered that the said committee shall take the necessary steps towards negotiating said bonds at not less than ninety cents for every dollar. In accordance with the above, the President of the Board, Hon. Samuel Hays, had the bonds prepared, and chiefly through the exer- 5-21.6 HISTORY OF ST. JOSEPH. trans of Wm. M. Wyeth, Esq., the chairman of the finance committee, they were- all sold to parties in the east, netting the Board thirty-six thousand dollars in cash. With this money, the Board liquidated an indebtedness that had been incurred in building the High and Everett school houses, and pur- chased the grounds and built two school houses. A piece of ground 200 by 140 feet was bought on Fifth and Pouline Streets, for the sum of twenty-two hundred dollars. The sum of eleven hundred and forty-five dollars and forty-three cents was paid for grading these lots. A brick building containing six school rooms and a recita- tion room, was erected on this ground. The building is two stories in height and is in the shape of the letter T, with a projection in front, form- ing a tower surmounted by a French roo£ Its cost, including furniture, and excluding the sum paid for the lots and their grading, was $ii,658' It was named the Washington School. The other house was built on a piece of ground comprising thirty-six lots, or an entire block, fronting on Highly Street and extending from Eighteenth to Nineteenth Streets. The block is bounded on the north by Beattie Street, on the east by Nineteenth Street, on the south by Highly Street and on the west by Eighteenth Street, and is a magnificent piece of ground. The price paid for it was eighteen hundred dollars, and it required no grading. On this site a house was built, similar in plan and design to the Washington School, the main difference being that the rear wing was omitted, so that it contains only four school rooms and a recitation room. The rear wing can be added at any time. The cost of this property, including the furniture, and exclusive of the price of the lots, was $9,928. It received the name of Webster School. The Board had now, up to 1869, built and furnished five school buildings, four of them being substantial and handsome brick edifices, and one a neat frame building. Rented buildings were also occupied wherever they could be obtained, yet the increase in the population of the city, and the popularity of the schools. were such, that the cry of insufficient school accommodations was heard as frequently, and the complaints at the Superintendent's office, of parents who had applied in \ain for the admission of their children, were as numerous as at any former period. In his annual report for the }'ear ending July 31, 1870, Superintend- ent Neely called the attention of the Board to localities where schools were most needed, and continued as follows : From this brief statement you perceive that two new school houses, besides additions to buildings now in use, will soon became a necessity that cannot longer be postponed. It is evident ta any one who will take the trouble to examine, that HISTORY OF ST. JOSEPH. 549 you cannot depend upon the school tax, as limited by your charter, to pro- vide the means for the current expenses of the schools and to erect a sufficient number of school buildings to meet the wants of our growing population. I see but one way to meet the difficulty, and that is to issue bonds running a specified number of years to an amount sufficient to build the needed houses. This seems to be not only practical but right, for it is but simple justice that those who come after us and share with us in their use, should also share with us the expense of erecting them. These houses, if built, will be used by the people of the next generation as well as by us. The people of to-day have paid for most of.the houses* already built ; they will also pay the interest on the bonds that may be issued for the erection of the proposed houses. The bonds themselves, when they mature, will be paid by the people of the next generation. The natural deterioration of the buildings will be more than counter- balanced by the increased value of the lots. Early in the year 1871, the Board decided to issue bonds to the amount of forty thousand dollars, to enable them, first, to pay off a float- ing indebtedness incurred in erecting school houses ; next, to build a new school house in the southern part of the city and an addition to the Everett School ; next, to build walks, stone walls and make other needed improvements on the grounds and premises of houses already built, and finally, to remodel to some extent, and adapt to public school use, a school building on the corner of Tenth and Felix Streets, which the Board had this year bought, on time, for the sum of $8,500 irom the "St. Joseph Deutsche Vereins Schule." This valuable property is situa- ted on ground on the corner of Tenth and Felix Streets, fronting 120 feet on Felix Street and' running back 140 feet to an alley. The build- ing is of brick, and at the time of its purchase had two school rooms on the first floor, divided by a hall, and one large room occupying the whole of the second floor. The association that built and owned it had maintained a'-school in it for some time, but finding its support somewhat onerous, and wishing to incorporate it into the public school system, they deeded it to the Board for the sum mentioned above, with certain provisos and conditions attached, the most important of which are as follows : The "party of the second part," by which is meant the Board of Publir Schools, is to keep on the property conveyed, or its results, a German-Eng- lish school, in which instruction in the German and English languages shall be given in equal proportions in all departments of instruction, to meet the demands of the pupils from the whole city for such instruction, according to the capacity thereof No teacher to be employed to give instruction in the German lan- guage in the German-English School, until he or she shall' have adduced satisfactory proof in writing, by persons other than the applicant, that he or she has received a thorough German education, and that German IS the language principally spoken in his or her family, and that of his or her parents, said proof to be and remain open to inspection. 550 ' HISTORY OF ST. JOSEPH. All pupils applying to be received into the German-English School in the same manner and upon the same conditions as into the other public schools of the City of St. Joseph, and so instructed as to qualify them to enter from this school "what is commonly called the High School." No sectarian or religious instruction to be given in the school. The Board to erect, within two years from the first of September, 1 87 1, an addition of two rooms to the building then on the premises, ^nd to complete the entire building according to the original plan, if the wants of the school require and the resources of the Board admit of it. Before this property could be at all fit for use as a public school, it was necessary for the Board to expend on it the sum of $1,765.69. Among other things, the lot had to be graded, a stone wall to be built, the large room on the second floor to be converted into two rooms, with a hall between, and stairs to be built leading to the second story, the only means of communication up stairs heretofore having been by means of rough, temporary steps on the outside. The desks in the building were common and uncomfortable, and were replaced with new ones at a cost of $496. The bonds issued in February, 1871, were sold at ninety cents on the dollar, and were taken, nearly all of them, by the citizens of St. Joseph. They netted the Board $36,000. Two thousand two hundred and sixty-one dollars and sixty-nine cents of this sum, as has been seen> were'applied to making the German-English School ready for use, and for furnishing it. A piece of ground, 130 by 160 feet, was purchased in the southern part of the city, on the corner of Scott and Twelfth Streets, for the sum of $1,100. On this site, the Board built a brick school house 33 by 70 feet, two stories high and basement, with projection in front, 4 by 16 feet. The basement contained playrooms for use of the pupils in bad weather. School rooms, four in number, two on each floor, each 27 by 30 feet, with six windows to each room. The cost of this building, includ- ing furniture, and excluding price of ground, was $9,719.45. This school was named the Neely School. In the same year, 1871, the Board built an addition of two rooms to the Everett School, making it a six-room building. A stone wall was also built around the premises, at a cost of $544.50. The total cost of the addition and other improvements at Everett School was $6,182.52. Tn July, 1 87 1, a terrific tornado passed over a portion of the city of St. Joseph, which unroofed the Webster School, blew down a portion of the unfinished walls of the Everett addition, in process of construction, and completely demolished the Colored School house, which had to be entirely re-built, at a cost of $1,100. The repairing of these damages occasioned by the storm, and the repairs and improvements at the other school houses absorbed some HISTORY OF ST. JOSEPH. 553 $3,500 of the amount realized from the sale of the bonds, and, in addi- tion, the Board paid an indebtedness of $11,054.16, contracted in build- ing in former years. In 1871, the number of pupils in the schools had increased to 2,415, and there were in the employ of the Board thirty-nine teachers. Besides the buildings owned by the Board, six rented buildings were occupied. The expenses of operating the schools had of necessity become heavy, and in addition to the current expenses, provision had to be made annu- ally for the payment of interest on the bonds issued, and for the interest on the notes given for the purchase of the German-English School prop- erty, amounting in all to $8,850 yearly. The amended charter gave the Board the power to levy a tax of only one-half of one per cent, for all purposes. It soon became apparent that this tax was insufficient to operate the schools, and pay the interest on the indebtedness of the Board. At a meeting of the Board, held November 23, 1871, on motion ofMr. Charles F.Ernst, himself and Superintendent Neely were appointed a committee to prepare a bill amending the charter of the Board so as to give that body the power to levy a tax not to exceed one per cent, in .any one year, and to present the bill to the member of the Legislature from St. Joseph, with the request that he would endeavor to secure its passage. At a m>eeting, held January 9, 1872, the committee reported that they had discharged their duty, and that the bill had been intro- duced into the H'ouse and referred to a committee. As some opposition to its passage was being developed, the Board thought it best to send a oommittee to Jefferson City to aid the Representative in getting it through. President Floyd appointed on that committee Messrs. George Lyon and J. J. Wyatt. Mr.. Lyon went to Jefferson, and reported to the Board, April 4, 1.872, that he had been unable to secure the passage of the .amendment giving the Board power to levy one per cent., but that he had succeeded, with the aid of the Re •■esentative, in getting a bill through which would authorize the Boaro .0 levy a tax of seven -tenths^ •of one per cent, each year. This was satisfactory to the Board, as it was sufficient to meet the regular expenses of the schools and pay the inter- est on the debt. In 1873, as required by the contract of the Board with the German School Association, an addition of two rooms two stories in height, was built to the German-English School, making that a six-room building, with a recitation room at one end of the hall on the second floor. This was built at the contract price of $3,500, furniture not included. The Board continued to levy a tax of seven mills from 1872 till 1876 In October, 1875, the State of Missouri adopted a new constitution, which restricted the rate of taxation for school purposes in cities to four mills, unless a majority of the taxpayers voting at an election called for the purpose, should vote for a higher rate of taxation. The constitution 554 HISTORY OF ST. JOSEPH. gave to School Boards the right to levy a tax sufficient to pay the inter- est on any valid indebtedness existing at the time of the adoption of the constitution, and also the right to levy a tax to create a sinking fund to- pay the principal when due. There was no provision in the constitution by which the' Board could submit to the people the question of an increase of tax, and when the Legislature met and passed an act enabling the Board to hold such are election, it was too late to make it available for the exigencies of 1877. Only a four mills tax could be levied, and, as a consequence, the schools were continued in session that year only nine months, instead of ten as heretofore. At an election, held April 24th, 1877, the people voted, by a large majority, to increase the rate of taxation for general school purposes, to five mills, and the County Court ordered a five mill levy. But in 1878, when the Board again asked for a levy of five mills, the court refused tO' make the levy, on the ground that the increase voted by the people in 1877 was for that year only. The proposition submitted to the people very distinctly stated that the vote was for or against "annual increase in the rate of taxation " and the ballots were so printed,, but the County Court judges were wiser than Webster or Worcester, and insisted that the tax voted was for 1877 only. The Board at once applied for a writ of mandamus to compel the court to levy the tax voted by the people, and judgment was rendered in the Circuit Court in favor of the Board. Through some neglect the judgment was not entered 00 record, and it became necessary to go into trial again, but a decision has not yet been reached. Consequently, since 1878, only a four mills tax has been levied^ This diminution of the revenues of the Board compelled a reduction ia the salaries of the teachers and all other employes,, which were already sufficiently low, and prevented the introduction and adaption of many and important contemplated improvements. A history of the St. Joseph public schools would he incomplete which failed to relate the efforts of the Board to maintain, unimpaired its credit by meeting promptly the interest on its bonded indebtedness. The writer cannot do this better than by quoting briefly from the annual reports of Superintendent Neely for the year ending July 31st, 1878, and for the year ending July 31st, 1880. In his report for the first named year, the Superintendent says : "The- bonds of the Board were issued in good faith, in. strict conformity with law, as was supposed, and after advising with, some of the ablest lawyers- in the city. Successive County Courts, from: year to year, have levied a tax to pay the interest on these bonds,, and lately a tax to create 1 sinking fund to pay the principal. No question as to their validity had ever been raised, the amount realized from. their sale had. been invested in. commodious and comfortable school buildings, the use. of which our citi.- HISTORY OF ST. JOSEPH. 555 zens have been enjoying for years, and our School Board was just in the midst of successful negotiations with the holders of the bonds — many of them our own citizens — for refunding them at six per cent., when the County Court, the same court that had levied a tax the year before to pay the interest and create a sinking fund, made the discovery that the bonds were illegal, and refused to levy any further tax for the payment of either principal or interest. " The Board has done all it thought advisable to establish the valid- ity of the bonds and secure the means for their payment. It employed ex-Governors Hall and Woodson to examine the whole matter carefully, and give their opinion in writing as to the legality of the bonds. These eminent jurists, after a careful and exhaustive examination of the law under which the bonds were issued, expressed their opinion in writing in terms most positive and decided, that the Board was fully authorized to issue the bonds, that all the forms of law had been observed, and that they are valid and must be paid. A committee of the Board presented this opinion of Messrs. Woodson and Hall to the County Court, and requested the members of that body to give it their careful attention. The court still persists in its refusal to levy the tax, and it now devolves upon the holders of the bonds to take the legal measures necessary to protect their interests and their just claims." In his report for the year ending July 31, 1881, Superintendent Neely uses the following language : "For the purpose of building school houses, of paying an indebted- ness incurred in the erection of the Highland Everett School buildings, and for making needed improvements on the grounds and premises of school property, thfe Board in 1868 and 1871, issued bonds to the amount of $80,000, bearing ten per cent, interest. These bonds were sold at 90 cents, the Board realizing from their sale $72,000. In 1 871, the Board purchased from the German School Association, the property on the cor- ner of Tenth and Felix Streets, for the sum of $8,500. As this purchase was made on time, the debt of the Board was increased to $88,500, and it became necessary to provide each year for the payment of $8,850 for interest, in addition to meeting the current expenses of the schools. This interest was paid promptly out of the general fund every six months, until 1876, when the new constitution of the state reduced the rate of tax that could be levied for the general fund from seven mills to four. Boards of Education, were, however, authorized to make an estimate for a special or separate tax sufficient to pay the annual interest on their indebtedness, and also for a tax, not to exceed two-fifths of one per cent., to constitute a sinking fund, to be used only for the payment of the prin- cipal of the debt. The County Court made the levy for the payment of the interest in 1876 and 1877, and also in 1877 levied one mill to create a 5S6 HISTORY OF ST. JOSEtM. sinking fund ; after which it made the discovery that the bonds were illegal, and refused to levy another tax for the payment of either princi- pal or interest. From the avails of the tax levied in 1877, to constitute a sinking fund, the Board has paid $7,460, thus reducing its indebtednesss to .$81,040. To this, of course, must be added the interest, which has been comstamtiy accruing since the refusal of the court, in 1878, to levy a tax ifor its payment, only a few coupons having been paid since that time from the small receipts from the delinquent taxes of 1876 and 1877. On the failure of the Board to pay the interest, certain holders of the bonds brought suit against the Board in the United States Court to test the question which the County Court had raised as to the validity ■of the bonds. The Board gave public notice of the suit, and author- ized any person desiring to contest the validity of the bonds to appear and defend the suit in the name of the Board. The County Court 'employed counsel, who appeared! and set up as a defense the want of power in the Board to issue the bonds. The question was argued, and judgment given sustaining the validity of the bonds. The County Court, however, still refused to make a levy to pay the interest. The Board then petitioned the Circuit Court of Buchanan County for a writ of mandamus to compel the County Court to make a levy to pay the interest due, and also a levy of one mill additional for general purposes, the latter having been Authorized by a vote of the tax payers of the dis- trict, in 1877, and levied for one year. The object of this 5uit was to remove any scruples the County Court might have on account of the ^' Cottey bill," which prohibited the levy of any tax to pay interest on bonds without, an order of the Circuit Court of the County, and also to test the question whether the extra mill tax, voted by the district, was to be levied from year to year, if the Board found it necessary, or whether it applied to but a single year, as the County Court claimed, refusing to levy it after that year. It transpired, however, during the progress of the suit, that the County Court intended to appeal from any adverse decisions in the Circuit Court to the Supreme Court of the State, where a final decision would not be reached for years, and the attorneys of the Board, Messrs. Woodson & Crosby, not desiring to increase the obstacles in the way of the bondholders collecting their judgments, dis- missed that part of the suit relating to the bonds, but obtained judgment for a peremptory writ commanding the levy of the extra mill, from which decision the County Court has signified its intention to appeal. The holders of judgments in the United States Court have sued out writs of mandamus commanding the County Court to make a levy for their payment. The 'Court has the cases under advisement, the only point raised being whether mandamus will lie against the County Court, the judgment being against the School Board. w w r o o o en W HISTORY OF ST, JOSEPH. 559 It may be a matter of interest that of the three judges composing the County Court, the one residing in the district votes to carry out the will of the Board, while the two that thwart it, are not residents of the district. Also, that at about the time the County Court refused to levy a tax for interest the Board had begun to refund its bonds, reducing the interest from ten to six per cent., and had refunded five thousand dol- lars when the action of the County Court put a stop to refunding, and will compel the district to pay over three thousand dollars interest annu- ally, that might have been saved, to say nothing of costs and expenses.'' There is nothing to add to the above, except that up to the present time (1881) the court persists in its refusal to levy the tax, and it remains to be seen what measures will be taken by the United States District Court to enforce the judgment rendered by it in favor of holders of the bonds. In 1875. the Board built a frame schoolroom in the yard of the Everett School, 27 by 30 feet in the clear, at a cost of $845, making that a seven-room school, and in 1877, a schoolroom on the same plan an,d of the same dimensions, was built in the yard of the Washington School, at a cost of $663.20, making that in like manner a seven-room school. In 1879, the Board purchased six lots on Sixth and Jackson Streets giving for them a lot owned by the Board valued at $300, and $700 in cash.. On this ground a neat and convenient school house was built, containing two beautiful rooms, a hall in the center, and the necessary closets and cloak rooms. It is built of brick, and so con- structed that a second story can be added to it. A rear wing can also be built without obstructing light or ventilation, thus making it a six-room building. It was built for the contract price of $2, 1 68, this sum not including fences, outhouses, walks, nor furniture. These items and the grading and excavation bring the cost of the building up to 13,049.40. The building was named the Floyd School. Notwithstanding these improvements and additions, the demand for more school rooms continued as urgent as ever, a demand very difficult for the Board to meet with the limited means at its disposal, and the obstructions thrown in its way by the County Court. By the practice of the most rigid economy, by reducing salaries to a point bordering on injustice, and by dispensing with many things, such as apparatus, etc., that would have been of great assistance to pupils and teachers, and by an unexpected increase in their revenue for the year ending July 30, 1880, on account of the collection of an unusually large amount of delinquent taxes, the Board found itself at the close of that year with a balance of a few thousand dollars to its credit. It was resolved to buy ground and build more school houses, and during the year ending July 31, 1881, six school rooms were added to those already owned by the Board. A piece of ground 125 by 135 feet S6o HISTORY OF ST. JOSEPH. was purchased on the corner of Savannah Avenue and Richardson Street, for the sum of $90x3. On this a very handsome and convenient brick school house was built, two stories in height, and containing four beautiful school rooms. The house is built on nearly the same plan as the Neely School. It is the most elegantly finished school building in the city ; has in it water from the St., Joseph Water Company, and is furnished with marble wash basins, electrical bells, etc. It cost, not including furniture, etc., $7,400. It was named the Crosby School. In the same year a brick school building, one story,. 28 by 38 feet, (13 feet story), 13-inch walls and metal roof, containing one school room, closet and cloak room, was built in the yard of the Everett School, at a cost of $1,235.40. The addition of that room made the Everett an eight- room school. As the Neely School was crowded to overflowing, the Board decided to convert one of the play rooms in the basement into a school room. This was done in the same year, at a cost of $318.82, not including furni- ture, and it makes a very handsome, well-lighted and comfortable school room, about 28 by 35 feet in size. This makes the Neely a five-room school, and as the papulation is rapidly increasing in that part of tKe city, it will be necessary at an early day to convert the other play room in the basement into a school room, and also to build a two-story addi- tion in the rear, with a school room on each floor. All of these improvements made in the fiscal year ending July 31, 1 88 1, were urgently needed, but their construction absorbed all the savings of the Board and some $6,000 or $7,000 besides, and has rendered exceedingly doubtful the continuance of the schools on full time the ensuing year. The urgency for more school accommodations still continuing, the Board resolved at a meeting held February 1st, 1881, to hold an election for the purpose of submitting to the qualified voters, a proposition for the levy of a special tax to build a six-room school house, in the western part of the city, a six-room school house in the eastern part of the city, and a two-room school house for colored children in the southeastern part of the city. The election was held on the first day of March, 1881. There was a very light. vote, only 363 votes being polled, 322 of which were for levying the tax, and 41 against the levy. It was the intention of the Board to proceed to build the houses at once, without waiting for the collection of the tax, so as to have theni ready for occupancy by the opening of the fall session in September. But from the delay of the County Court to levy the tax, capitalists were unwilling to advance the money required, and builders were unwil- ling to take the risk of building, as it was by no means certain that the court would levy the tax unless compelled to do so after a tedious law suit. When, at length, the court did levy the tax, it was too late to HISTORY OF ST. JOSEPH, 56 1 build in time for the fall session, and at the date of this present writing (July, 1881,) it is not known when the Board will decide to commence building. The following statistics for the fiscal year of the School Board, end- ing July 31, 1881, are interesting and valuable. NUMBER OF SCHOOL HOUSES OCCUPIED BY THE ST. JOSEPH BOARD OF PUBLIC SCHOOLS. Number of school houses 20 Number owned by the Board (brick) 10 Number owned by the Board (frame) i Total number of school houses owned by the Board 11 Number rented by the Board 9 VALUE OF SCHOOL PROPERTY OWNED BY THE BOARD. Estimated value of grounds $ 30,000 Estimated value of buildings and furniture 101,000 Estimated value of apparatus and reference books 2,000 Total value of school property $133,000 TEACHERS. Number of teachers in the employ of the Board, at the close of the school year ending June 30, 1881 67 Number of male teachers 11 Number of female teachers 56 Number of teachers in High School 5 Number of teachers in grammar and primary schools 56 Number of teachers in colored schools 6 Amount of salaries paid teachers for the fiscal year ending July 31,1881 ■.$37,846"25 562 HISTORY OF ST. JOSEPH. ENROLLMENT AND ATTENDANCE OF PUPILS FOR THE LAST SEVEN- sTEEN YEARS. The following table shows the enrollment and attendance of pupils in the schools since their reorganization in 1864, embracing a period of seventeen years : 1864- 1865- 1866- 1867- 1868- 1869- 1870- 1871- 7872- 1873- 1874 1875- 1876- 1877- 1878- 1879- 1880 65 66. 67. •68. 69. •70. •71 . ■72 . ■73 • ■74 • -75 • 76. 77 • 78. ■79 . ■80. 81 . s 4> X! 1?; if °a ?< & > < < 630 410 369 719 470 430 1511 772 7ib 1766 1098 1018 2160 1293 1 186 2082 1333 1224 241 s 1623 1477 2574 1767 «597 2858 2032 1827 3362 2391 2159 348s 2516 2239 3510 2620 2385 3514 2667 2417 3536 2691 2475 3691 2755 2521 3820 2848 2579 4072 3I16 2853 "4 90 92 93 93 92 92 91 90 90 90 89 91 9' 92 92 9' 92 Before bringing the history of the public schools of St. Joseph to a close, it is proper to add a few words showings the scope and character of the course of study and the methods of teaching used in these schools. It is apparent to any one who will study the history of the schools from their feeble beginning in i860, and trace their progress from their reorganization in 1864 to the present time, that their growth has been uniformly steady and healthy. Their organization may really be said to date from 1864, near the close of a long and bloody civil war, at a time when almost every branch of industry was paralyzed, and preju- dices existed in the minds of a large number against the public school system. Beginning under such discouraging circumstances, with three small school houses and an empty treasury, the results attained in so brief a time cannot fail to be gratifying to every public-spirited citizen of St. Joseph. The facts related and statistics given in the preceding sketch speak for themselves. To give a clear and succint view of the interior working of the sys- tem, we quote from an article written by Superintendent Neely, at the request of the " St. Joseph and Northwest Missouri Immigration Society." We quote only a brief portion of the article : r r 1/ i k 7, — I ■ "Pra iiWii I** > "^ lllilill v;r> HISTORY OF ST. JOSEPH. 565 " The High School is at the head of the system, and the schools-, below the High School are known as the district schools, which include primary, intermediate and grammar. These are subdivided into seven grades, the seventh, sixth and fifth grades constituting the primary, the- fourth and third the intermediate, and the second and first the gram- mar grades. The course of study is so arranged that each grade will' require one year for its completion, so that a child entering school at six years of age will have completed the course by the time he is thirteen. This is the time required for the child of average ability. Children who are exceptionally talented or studious complete it sooner. Let us look now briefly at the course of study. The young child enters the seventh grade, bringing with him only his slate and pencil. No books are needed at the beginning. The teacher proceeds at once to teach him to read. She does not teach him first his letters and then to spell, but from charts suspended on the wall she points out to him easy and familiar words, such as dog, cat, top, etc., at the same time showing him the pictures of those objects. He soon learns to recognize many of such words at sight, much sooner than he could learn the letters, for the word conveys to him a familiar idea, while the letter does not. Soon the teacher, by skillfully pointing in the proper order, to the words the pupil has learned on the chart, constructs little sentences, and the child almost unconsciously finds himself reading, before, by the old spelling book method, he would have known his let- ters. These he learns almost without knowing how he does it. In this way a whole class is taught as easily as a single child. Byi the close of the first year, the children of the seventh grade have learned to read all the lessons in the First Reader, (which is soon substituted for the charts) to write legibly short sentences on their slates, to count with and without objects to fifty, and to add, subtract, multiply and divide, no number being introduced greater than twenty. This is the work of the first year, and if the annual examination shows that it has been per- formed thoroughly, the child receives a certificate, signed by the Super- intendent, and is regularly promoted to the sixth, or next higher grade. In this grade the Second Reader is begun and completed, the children commence the study of Ray's Primary Arithmetic, and the studies of the seventh grade are continued. Primary Geography being commenced at the middle of the year. In the fifth grade, or third year, the same studies are continued, the third reader being substituted for the second. The child finishes the primary arithmetic. In the fourth grade, the scholar begins the fourth reader, and contin- ues the studies of the preceding year. Primary geography is completed. Ray's intellectual and Ray's practical arithmetics are begun. The spel- ling book is now put into the hands of the pupils, all the spelling hereto- 566 HISTORY OF ST. JOSEPH. fore having been done from the readers. In this grade a text book on language lessons is placed in the hands of the scholars for study and rec- itation. All instruction on this subject has heretofore been oral, the pupil having no book. In the third grade, or fifth year of the course, the same studies are continued, the advanced text book on geography being substituted for the primary. The text book on language lessons is completed. In the second grade, the fifth reader is begun and completed, and geography is finished. English grammar is begun and the studies of the preceding grade are continued. In the first grade, or seventh year of the course, selections from the sixth reader are read. Practical arithmetic is completed from interest to the end of the book. English grammar is finished, attention being given chiefly to the correction of false syntax and the analysis of sentences. United States history and an elementary work on physics are begun and completed. Intellectual arithmetic is completed at the middle of the year, and the class takes up in its stead and finishes an elementary work on physiology. Penmanship, spelling and composition are kept up throughout the entire course. Pupils are promoted from one grade to another by a thorough system of written examinations. Such, briefly outlined, is the course of study in the St. Joseph public schools. Edward Everett said : " To read the English language well, to write a neat, legible hand, and to be master of the four rules of arith- metic, I call this a good education." Any pupil completing the above course in the St. Joseph schools, should have an education far above that standard, and should be well prepared to enter upon any of the ordinary- business avocations of life. But that the system of public instruction may be as complete and thorough in St. Joseph as in any Eastern city, a High School, with a liberal course of study, was organized in 1866, which has graduated 208 young ladies and gentlemen, who are filling useful and honorable positions in society. Of the above number, forty-four are either teaching now, or have been teachers in the public schools of St. Joseph. I can best exhibit the scope and character of the course of instruction in the High School by giving the course of study in full: HISTORY OF ST. JOSEPH. 567 COURSE OF STUDY IN THE ST. JOSEPH HIGH SCHOOL. PREPARATORY YEAR. First Quarter. Eng. Gram, "and Comp. Latin. Higher Arithmetic. ♦German, Second Quarter. Eng. Gram, and Comp Latin. Higher Arithmetic. *Gennan. Third Quarter. Eng. Gram, and Comp. Latin. Algebra. *Gerraan. Fourth Quarter. Eng. Gram and Comp. Latin. Algebra. ♦German. * JUNIOR YEAR. First Quarter. Rhetoric and History- Latin. Algebra. ♦German. Second Quarter. Rhetoric and History. Latin. Algebra. ♦German Third Quarter. Rhetoric and History. Latin. Geometry. ♦German. Fourth Quarter. Rhetoric and History. Latin, Geometry. ♦German. MIDDLE YEAR. First Quarter. Second Quarter. Third Quarter. Fourth Quarter. Mental Science. Latin, Geometry. ♦French or Greek. Mental Science. Latin. Geometry. ♦French or Greek. Natural Philosophy. Latin. Trigonometry. ♦Book Keeping and Commercial Arith'tic. ♦French or Greek. Chemistry. Latin. Trigonometry. ♦Book Keeping and Commercia Arith'tic. ♦French or Greek. SENIOR YEAR First Quarter. , Second Quarter. Third Quarter. Fourth Quarter. English Literature. Latin. Physiology. *French or Greek. English Literature. Latin. Physical Geography. ♦French or Greek. English Literature. Latin Astronomy. ♦French or Greek. English Literature. Latin. Constitution, ♦French or Greek. ♦Elective. English composition and drawing throughout the course. THE THREE STAGES OF TRANSPORTATION- CHAPTER X. RAILROADS. HANNIBAL & ST. JOSEPH RAILROAD— ST. JOSEPH & WESTERN RAILROAD— THE KANSAS CITY, ST. JOSEPH & COUNCIL BLUFFS RAILROAD— ST Lo'uiS & ST. JOSEPH RAIL- ROAD-MISSOURI PACIFIC RAILWAY-ST. JOSEPH & DES MOINES RAILROAD. The people of St. Joseph early awoke to a sense of the importance and necessity of railroad communication with the east. About the first reference to this matter we find in the Gazette of Friday, November 6th, 1846. "Our country is destined to suffer much and is now suffering from the difficulty of navigation and the extremely high 'rates the boats now charge. Our farmers may calculate that they will get much less for produce and will be compelled to pay much more for their goods than heretofore, and this will certainly always be the case when the Missouri River shall be as low as it now is. The chances are fearfully against having any considerable work bestowed in improving the river, and until it is improved by artificial means, the navigation of it to this point must always be dangerous and very uncertain. The prospects for this fall and winter are well calculated to make the people look about to see if there is no way to remedy this inconven- ience, if there can be any plan suggested whereby our people can be placed more nearly upon terms of equality with the good citizens of other parts of our land. We suggest the propriety of a railroad from St. Joseph to some point on the Mississippi, either St. Louis, Hannibal or Quincy. For our- selves, we like the idea of a railroad to one of the latter places suggested, for this course would place us nearer to the Eastern cities, and make our road thither a direct one ; we like this road, too, because it would so much relieve the intermediate country which is. now suffering and must always suffer so much for transporting facilities in the absence of such an enterprise. If this be the favorite route we must expect opposition from the southern portion of the state, as well as all the river counties below this. For the present we mean merely to throw out the suggestion with the view of awaking public opinion, and eliciting a discussion of the subject. In some future number we propose presenting more advantages of such a road, arid will likewise propose and enforce by argument the ways and means of accomplishing the object." 570 HISTORY OF ST. JOSEPH. The suggestions thus offered of the necessity of a railroad seemed to have been universally popular, and through the vigorous action of the friends of the enterprise, we find, thus early, a charter granted by the Legislature, as follows : AN ACT TO INCORPORATE THE HANNIBAL AND ST. JOSEPH RAILROAD COMPANY. Be it enacted by the General A ssembly of the State of Missouri, as follows : Section i. That Joseph Robidoux, John Corby and Robert J. Boyd, of St. Joseph, in Buchanan County ; Samuel J. Harrison, Zachariah G. Draper and Erasmus M. Moffett, of the City of Hannibal ; Alexander McMurtry, of Shelby County ; George A. Shortridge and Thomas Sharp, of Macon County; Wesley Halliburton, of Linn County; John Graves, of Livingston County; Robert Wilson, of Daviess County ; and George W. Smith, of Caldwell County ; and all such persons as may hereafter become stockholders in the said company, shall be and they are hereby created a body corporate and politic in fact, and in name, by the name and style of the Hannibal and St. Joseph Railroad Company, and the same title, the stockholders shall be in perpetual succession, and be able to sue and be sued, implead and be impleaded in all courts of record and elsewhere, and to purchase, receive, have, hold, and enjoy to them and their successors lands, tenements and hereditaments, goods, chattels, and all estates, real, personal and mixed of what kind or quality soever, and the same from time to time, to sell, mortgage, grant, alien and con- vey, and to make dividends of such portion of the profits as they may deem proper, and also to make and have a common seal, and the same to alter or renew at pleasure, and also to ordain, establish and put in ex- ecution such by-laws, ordinances and regulations as shall appear neces- sary and convenient for the government of such corporation, and not being contrary or repugnant to the Constitution and laws of the United States, or of the State of Missouri, and generally to do all and singular the matters and things, which to them it shall lawfully apper- tain to do for the well being of th^ said corporation and the due man- agement and ordering of the affairs of the same: Provided, always, that it shall not be lawful for the said corporation to deal, or use, or employ any part of the stock, funds or money, in buying or selling any wares or merchandise in the way of traffic, or in banking or broking operations. Sec. 2. That the capital stock of said corporation shall be two mil- lions of dollars, divided into twenty thousand shares of one hundred dol- lars each, and it shall be lawful for said corporation, when and so soon as in the opinion of the individuals named in the foregoing section a sufficient amount of stock shall have been taken for that purpose, to commence and carry on their said proper business and railroad opera- tions under the privileges and conditions herein granted. Sec. 3. That the said company are hereby authorized and empow- ered to cause books for the subscription stock to be opened at such times and places as they may deem most conducive to the attainment of the stock required. HISTORY OF ST. JOSEPH. 573 Sec. 4. The said company [shall] have power to view, lay out and construct a railroad from St. Joseph's, in Buchanan County, to Palmyra, in Marion County, and thence to Hannibal, in said county of Marion, and shall, in all things, be subject to the same restrictions and entitled to all the privileges, rights, and immunities which were granted to the Louisiana and Columbia Railroad Company, by an act entitled "An act to incorporate the Louisiana and Columbia Railroad Company," passed at the session of the General Assembly in 1836 and '37, and approved Jan- uary 27th, 1837, so far as the same are applicable to the company hereby created, as fully and completely as if the same were herein enacted. Sec. 5. Nothing in this act, nor in that to which it refers, shall be construed so as to allow said company to hold or purchase any more real estate than may be necessary and proper for the use of the road and the business transacted thereon. This act to take effect and be in force from and after-its passage. Approved February 16, 1847. The following were the PROCEEDINGS OF THE RAILROAD CONVENTION, held at Chillicothe, Missouri, June 2d, 1847. Delegates from various counties of North Miss6uri assembled at Chillicothe, Missouri, on the 2d day of June, 1847, according to previous notice. The Convention was organized in the Court House at 1 1 o'clock, by calling Judge A. A. King, of Ray County, to the chair, and electing Dr. John Craven, of Davies County, and Alexander McMurtry, of Shelby County, Vice Presidents, and H. D. LaCossit, of Marion County, and Charles J. Hughes, of Caldwell County, Secretaries. It was moved that the delegates in attendance report themselves to the Secretaries, whereupon the following gentlemen gave in their names and took their seats : B. F. Loan and Lawrence Archer, from Buchanan County ; Absolom Kernes, from DeKalb ; Robert Wilson, John B. Conner, Volney E. Bragg, William Penniston, James Turley, Thomas T. Frame, Jacob S. Rogers, M. F. Greene, John Mann, Woody Manson and John Craven, from Davies County ; George Smith, Patrick Smith, Jesse Baxter, A. B. Davis and C. J. Hughes, from Caldwell County; A. A. King,* from Ray County; John Graven, Thomas B. Bryan, Elisha Manford, John Harper, F. Preston, F. L. Willard, John L. Johnson, S. Munser, John Bryan, B. F. Tarr, Thomas Jennings, William Hudgens, William Hicklin, William L. Black, James H. Darlington, Robert Mitchell, John Austin, James Austin and F. Preston, from Livingston County ; Dr. Livingston, from Grundy County ; W. B. Woodruff, James C. Moore, James Lintell, John J.' Flora, Jeremiah Philips and W. Halliburton, Linn County ; George * Austin A. King, who presided over this Convention, was Judge of the Fifth Judicial Cir- cuit, of which Ray County was a part, from 1837 to 1848, when he was elected Governor of Missouri. 574 HISTORY OF ST. JOSEPH. Shortridge, A. L. Gilstrap and Benjamin Sharp, from Macon County; Alexander McMurtry, from Shelby County ; Z. G. Draper, James Waugh, Henry Collins, H. D. Cossitt and William P. Samuel, from Marion County. On motion of Col. Peniston, it was resolved that a committee, con- sisting of one member from each county represented in this convention, be appointed for the purpose of reporting upon what subjects this con- vention shall act. The President appointed Robert Wilson, L. Archer, A. Karns, G. Smith, F. L. Willard, Dr. Livingston, W. B. Woodruff, Geo. Shortridge, and Z. G. Draper. On motion, it was resolved that a committee, consisting of one member from each county here represented, be appointed to report a basis upon which to vote in this convention. The President appointed A. L. Gilstrap, B. F. Loan, Wm. P. Peniston, Thos. Butts, Thos. R. Bryan, Dr. Livingston, W. Halliburton and JameS Waugh. George Smith, of Caldwell, presented the following propositions for the consideration of the convention, and moved to lay the same upon the table, which was done : Whereas, The people of Northern Missouri are in favor of the project of a railroad from Hannibal to St. Joseph, therefore Resolved, By the delegates (their representives) that we recommend the following as the best method to procure the means for the contruc- tion of the same : First. A liberal subscription by the citizens of the state to the cap- ital stock of said company. Second. That Congress be petitioned for a grant of alternate sec- tions and parts of sections of all vacant lands ten miles on each side of said road, when located. Third. That the company procure a subscription to the stock by Eastern capitalists, and, should the foregoing means prove inadequate,- we then recommend that the Legislature pass an act authorizing the company to issue bonds, to be indorsed by the Governor or Secretary of State, for the residue ; the company to give a mortgage on the whole work to the state, for the liquidation of said bonds. The convention then adjourned till afternoon. At the opening of the afternoon session, it was resolved that the rules for the government of the House of Representatives, of Missouri, be adopted for the government of this convention. A report was adopted, by which the basis of voting in the conven- tion was fixed as follows : that each county represented in the conven- tion be entitled to one vote for every one hundred votes therein, by which rule the County of Marion was allowed 15 votes; Shelby, 7; Macon, 9; Linn, 7; Livingston, 8; Grundy, 6; Davis, 9; Caldwell, 4; Ray, 15 ; DeKalb, 3 ; and Buchanan, 22. The committee, to whom was referred the duty of submitting sub- jects for action of this convention, reported : HISTORY OP ST. JOSEPH. 575 1. To appoint a committee of three members to draft an address in the name of this convention, to the people of Western Missouri, set- ting forth the advantages to be derived from the contemplated railroad from St. Joseph to Hannibal. 2. To appoint a committee of three, whose duty it shall be to peti- tion the Legislature of Missouri for such aid in the undertaking as can be afforded consistently with the rights of other sections of the state. 3. To appoint a committee of three to petition Congress for a dona- tion of alternate sections of lands, within six miles on each side of said road, when located. 4. To appoint a committee whose duty it shall be to superintend the publication and distribution of the proceedings of this convention, together with the charter of the road, and the address to the people of Northern Missouri. 5. Said committees to be appointed by the President and the mem- bers of each committee as nearly contiguous as practicable. The Convention then adjourned till the following morning, when on reassembling, the five above-mentioned resolutions ware unanimously adopted, with the . exception of the fifth, which was adopted, with an amendment, striking out all after the word President. Among other resolutions offered at this session of the Convention, the following by Judge King, of Ray, was unanimously adopted by way of amendment to a similar one offered by Dr. Grundy, of Livingston : Resolved, That whereas this Convention has adopted a resolution authorizing a memorial to Congress for donation of alternate sections of land to aid in the construction of the contemplated railroad, also author- izing a memorial to the Legislature for such aid in the undertaking as can be afforded consistently with the rights of other portions of the state, therefore, we, the delegates, pledge ourselves to support no man for Congress who will not pledge himself to the support of the proposition aforesaid, nor will we support any man for Governor, Lieutenant-Gov- ernor or member of the Legislature who will not pledge himself to give such aid in the construction of the said railroad consistent with the rights of other portions of the stat«, as contemplated by the resolution aforesaid. Mr. George Smith, of Caldwell, offered the following resolution, which was read and adopted : Resolved, That the committee appointed to petition the Legislature be instructed to ask for an amendment to the fourth section of the act incorporating the Louisiana and Columbia Railroad Company, (being the law by which the Hannibal and St. Joseph Railroad Company are to be governed), so as to give the power to the President and directors of the last mentioned company, to call in an amount not exceeding ten per cent, every sixty days, and change the notice from sixty to thirty days. The following resolution by Mr. Sharp, of Macon, was adopted : Whereas, It is not only extremely important to the agricultural and commercial interests of the intermediate country, that a good wagon road be opened from St. Joseph to Hannibal, but the United States mail S76 HISTORY OF ST. JOSEPH. stages cannot be put in motion on said route until said road shall be opened.- And Whereas, It is of the utmost importance, as well to the whole inter- mediate country as to the two extremes that mail facilities be speedily- obtained in stages through said country. Therefore, Resolved, by this Convention, That it be recommended to each county through which said road may pass, immediately to open, bridge, and put in good repair the said road, in order that mail stages may be immediately started, according to the act of Congress establishing said route. Mr. Tarr, of Livingston, moved to reconsider the vote adopting the third proposition reported by the committee on business, which was agreed to. He then offered the following amendment to said third proposition : Adding to third proposition by the committee on business, as fol- lows, " Also to petition Congress that should any of the alternate sections on the road, or within six miles on either side thereof to be sold at any time subsequent to the i6th day of February, 1847, and before the action of Congress in relation to these lands, that other lands be granted as nearly contiguous as possible in lieu thereof" Which was agreed to, and the third proposition as ameiided was then adopted. Dr. Livingston, of Grundy, -offered the following resolution which was adopted : Resolved, That the proceedings of this Convention be signed by the President, Vice Presidents and Secretaries, and that the President be requested to transmit a copy thereof to each of our representatives in Congress, requesting them to use their utmost endeavors to obtain from Congress the grant of land contemplated by the proceedings of this Convention." The President then announced the following committees : 1. To address the people of Northern Missouri^Archer, Bragg and Cossitt. 2. To petition Congress, in accordance with the resolution of the Convention — Cravens, Halliburton and Shortridge. 3. To petition the Legislature — Tarr, Geo. Smith, of Caldwell and Dr. Livingston. On motion, it was resolved, that the thanks of the delegates and their constituents are due the officers of this convention for the able manner in which they have discharged their duties in this Convention. The Convention then adjourned sine die. The charter for the Hannibal and St. Joseph Railroad was secured mainly by the exertions of Robert M. Stewart, afterwards Governor of the State, and, at the time of its issuance, a member of the State Senate, and of General James Craig, and Judge J. B. Gardenhire, who repre- HISTORY OF ST. JOSEPH. 577 sented Buchanan County in the Legislature. (General Craig was after- wards President of this road, with two brief intervals, for the period of eleven years, from 1861). With all the enthusiasm on the part of the people, material aid was lacking, as it was not until 1852 that the building of the road became a definite fact. At that period, Hon. Willard P. Hall represented a district of Missouri in Congress, and was Chairman of the Committee of Public Lands. By his efforts the passage of a bill was secured granting six hundred thousand acres of land to the Hannibal and St. Joseph Railroad Company, and the success of that long cherished enterprise was finally assured. The preliminary survey had been made by Simeon Kemper and Colonel M. F. Tiernan, accompanied by Robert M. Stewart, whose ijjdefatigable efforts in behalf of the interests of the road, contributed as much if not more than those of any other man to their ultimate accomplishment. Stewart became afterwards the first President of the company. The building of the road commenced at the east end. About the spring of 1857, work was begun on the west end, and, by March of that year, the track extended out from St. Jc«eph a distance of seven miles. The fii:st fire under the first engine that started out of St. Joseph on the Hannibal and St. Joseph Railroad, was kindled by M. Jeff. Thomp- son. This was several years before the arrival of the first through train in February, 1859. (Sometime in the early part of 1857). The Hannibal and St. Joseph Railroad was completed February 13, 1859. On Monday, February 14, 1859, the first through passenger train ran out of St. Joseph. Of this train E. Sleppy, now (1881) Master Mechanic of the St. Joseph and Western machine shops, in Elwood, was engineer, and Benjamin H. Colt, conductor. The first to run a train into St. Joseph was George Thompson, who ran first a construction and then a freight train. The first Master Mechanic of the Hannibal and St. Joseph Railroad shops in St. Joseph, was C. F. Shivel. These shops were established in 1857. In the following year Mr. Shivel put up the first car ever built in the city. On the 22d February, 1859, occurred in St. Joseph the celebration of the completion of the Hannibal and St. Joseph road. This: was, beyond doubt, the grandest display ever witnessed in the city, up to that period. M.Jeff. Thompson, at that time Mayor of the city, presided over the ceremonies and festivities of this brilliant occasion. The city was wild with enthusiasm, and the most profuse and unbounded hospitality prevailed. A grand banquet was held in the spacious apartments of the Odd Fellows' Hall, which then stood on the corner of Fifth and Felix Streets, Not less than six hundred invited guests were feasted here ; and it was 578 HISTORY OF ST. JOSEPH. estimated that several thousand ate during the day at this hospitable board. Broaddus Thompson, Esq., a brother of General M. Jeff. Thompson, made the grand speech of the occasion, and performed the ceremony of antiingling the waters of the two mighty streams thus linked by a double band of iron. The completion of the road constitutes an era in the history of St. Joseph, and from that period dawned the light of a new prosperity. In the five succeeding years the population of the city was quadrupled, and her name heralded to the remotest East as the rising emporium of the West In the summer of 1872, this road commenced the building of a branch southward from St. Joseph, twenty-one miles, to the City of Atch- ison. This was completed in October of the same year. THE ST. JOSEPH AND WESTERN RAILROAD. This great thoroughfare, the first line built from St. Joseph westward, through Kansas and Nebraska, was chartered by the Territorial Legis- lature of Kansas, February 17, 1857, during the sessioh of 1856-57, under the name and style of "Marysville or Palmetto and Roseport Railroad Company." The first meeting of the incorporators of this road was held in the City of St. Joseph, February 26, 1857. On motion of ■Captain Fred W. Smith, Colonel A. M. Mitchell was called to the chair and B. H. Matthews appointed secretary pro tern. On motion, five directors were appointed. These included Bela M. Hughes, A. M. Mitchell, R. Rose, W. F. Smith and Silas Woodson. The only further business transacted at this meeting was to open books for subscription to stock. The next meeting occurred March 9, 1857, when A. M. Mitchell was unanimously elected President of the company. In the meantime, stock in the road to the amount of $100,000 had been subscribed. At a meeting of the directors, held February 8, 1858, F. J. Marshall was elected President in place of A. M. Mitchell, resigned. July 12, 1859, ^ iicw Board of Directors was organized. These included Robert M. Stewart, Silas Woodson, S. Miller, F. J. Marshall, John H. Likens, Albert Lee, M. Jeff. Thompson, Fred. W- Smith and William Blair. Of this Board, M. Jeff. Thompson was elected President. July 8, 1859, Engineer Matthews was ordered to locate the road as far as Troy, and to report progress from time to time. August 25, 1859, John Severance was elected engineer of construc- tion, in place of Matthews. At a meeting, held NoVember, 1859, S. K. Miller was elected Super- intendent of Construction of the road. ■HISTORY OF ST. JOSEPH. 57g In 1859-60, three miles of track was graded and the rails laid. In i860, John Corby was elected President of the road. At a meeting, held October, 1864, Wm. R. Penick was elected Pres- ident of the road. In session of the Legislature, of 1866, the State of Kansas granted as aid to this road one hundred and twenty-five thousand acres of land. At a meeting of the stockholders, held April 17, 1862, the name, "Marysville or Palmetto and Roseport Railroad," was changed to " St. Joseph and Denver City Railroad," under an act of the Kansas Legisla- ture of March, 1862. Roseport was the name of a small town in Kansas, opposite St. Joseph. It was afterwards called Elwood. At present (188 1) it exists only in name, the town site having crumbled into the Missouri River, by the encroachments of that uncertain stream. June 7> 1866, T. J. Chew was elected President of the St. Joseph and Denver City Railroad, and active labor on the same was resumed under the direction of John Severance, Chief Engineer. October 15, 1867, General James Craig was unanimously elected President, which office he held till his resignation, May, 1868, when Silas Woodson was elected to fill his unexpired term. At a regular meeting, held October 13, 1868, the City of St. Joseph,' by reason of owning stock to the amount of four hundred thousand dol- lars in the road, requested that General George Hall be elected Presi- dent, which was according done. By May, 1869, the road was built as far as Troy, and was located to Hiawatha. At the annual meeting of the Directors, held October 21, 1870, George Hall was again elected President. October 11, 1870, thirteen directors were elected, with Dudley M. Steele, President ; Milton Tootle, Vice-President, and R. C. Bradshaw, Secretary. In the following October, 1871, D. M. Steele was again elected, and E. H. Saville, Secretary. November, 1872, D. M. Steele resigned as President, and H. C. Tan- ner, of New York, elected in his place. By August, 1872, t'he road was completed to Alexandria, Nebraska, a distance of 167 miles from St. Joseph. In December, 1872, the road reached Hastings, Nebraska, the west- ern terminus of the line, 227 miles from the Missouri River. October, 1873, William Bond was elected President, and has since continued to hold that position. At a meeting of the Board, held October i, 1879, the name of the road was a second time changed, and styled the St. Joseph and Western Railroad. 58o HISTORY OF ST. JOSEPH. In the summer of 1879, an extension was built, under management of L. D. Tuthill and John Doniphan, a distance of twenty-five miles from Hastings, connecting it at Grand Island with the Union Pacific Railroad. The present (1881) management include William Bond, President; L. D. Tuthill, Superintendent, and Alfred Mitchell, Secretary. June, 1872, Colonel John Doniphan was elected attorney for this road, and so continues to the present (1881). THE KANSAS CITY, ST. JOSEPH AND COUNCIL BLUFFS RAILROAD, now one of the most important lines in the state, is the outgrowth of several consolidations. February 24, 1853, the Legislature of Missouri granted a charter for a road to extend from St. Joseph to Kansas City. This, under the name and style of the Platte County Railroad, was organized in 1857, by William Osborne. Davis Carpenter, M. Jeff. Thompson and others. Under the auspices of this company, a line was surveyed from St. Joseph southward through DeKalb, in Buchanan County, Platte City and Parkville, in Platte County, to Kansas City. The Legislature of 1856-57, granted aid to this road in the sum of $700,000. A subsequent act provided that none of the bonds of this road should be available till tRe year 1859. The charter also a,uthorized the extention of the road to the northern boundary of the state, under which provision it was completed to Savannah in i860, and graded to Forest City. December 11, 1855, the Atchison and St. Joseph Railroad was incor- porated. The articles of association provided that Benj. Stringfellow, John H. Stringfellow, Peter T. Abell, John Doniphan, Stephen Johnson, Elijah H. Norton, Harvey Collier, Robert W. Donnell, Reuben Middleton, Bela M. Hughes, James H. Lucas, John Simon, or any five of them, con- stitute the first Board of Directors. In the summer of 1858, General Benjamin Stringfellow, Dr. J. H. Stringfellow, Peter T. Abell, Harvey Collier, Reuben Middleton, John Doniphan and Robert W. Donnell, met in St. Joseph, in the Methodist Church, which then stood on the northeast corner of Third and Felix Streets, the present (1881) site of the Bank of St.tjoseph, and there orga- nized the company. At this meeting, Samuel C. Pomeroy, of Atchison, was elected a Director and President of the company. Charles West, of St. Joseph, was also at this meeting elected a director. Stock was taken by the parties present, and in a short time after, the city of Atchison subscribed $100,000; Abell and Stringfellow, $10,000; John Doniphan, $1,600, and Samuel C. Pomeroy, $10,000. Other parties contributed liberally, swelling the aggregate of subscrip- tions over and above the city stock, to about $60,000. HISTORY OF ST. JOSEPH. 58 1 Contracts for grading were immediately let along the entire line of the road, and work commenced at Winthrop, opposite Atchison. By July 1st, 1859, this grading was completed between St. Joseph and Win- throp, a distance of twenty miles. In March, 1859, the Weston and Atchison Railroad Company was incorporated under the general laws of the state. The officers of this incorporation were John Doniphan, President ; James N. Burnes, Vice President ; Fielding H. Lewis, Secretary, and Daniel D. Burnes, Treas- urer. Private subscriptions were forthwith made to the road to the amount of $44,000, and the city of Weston issued her bonds tp the amount of $50,000 in aid of the building of the same. Ground was broke at Weston in the presence of a vast concourse, of people, April 27, 1859. The occasion was one of singular rejoicing, and grand civic and military display, in which the cities of Atchison and Leavenworth, as well as other neighboring towns, also largely par- ticipated. July 15, 1859, the Weston and Atchison and Atchison and St. Joseph Companies, finding that their means would be inadequate to accomplish more than the work of grading the road, for the purpose of an early completion of the same, made a contract with the Platte County Road by which they transferred to that corporation the road-bed, fran- chises and right of way from St. Joseph to Weston, which company was enabled on the work so done, during the year 1859, to draw most of the state aid, and in January i860, the road was completed and in opera- tion from St. Joseph to Atchison. In December, of the same year, the road was finished to latan, and by April 4, 1861, trains were running through to Weston. In 1863, the name of this road was changed, the style "Platte Coun- try" being subsituted for the original, " Platte County." In 1864, the road was seized by Governor Hall, for non-payment of interest on state bonds. Immediately the Weston and Atchison and the Atchison and St- Joseph Railroad Companies commenced suits for their road-bed, on the ground that the original contract was illegal. The Legislature of 1867 released this road to Weston and Atchison and Atchison and St. Joseph Railroads, on condition of a re-organiza- tion of the same under the name and style of the Missouri Valley Rail- road Company, and a completion of the road from Savannah, through Maryville, to the northern boundary of the state. Under this act, the road was completed to Hopkins in 1869. The road from Council Bluffs to Hamburg, Iowa, fifty-two miles in length, was built by Willis, Phelps & Co., and completed in 1867. It was styled the Council Bluffs and St. Joseph Railroad. Hon. James F. 582 HISTORY OF ST. JOSEPH. Joy and his friends then came to the front, and built the road from St. Joseph to Hamburg, seventy-nine miles long, opening it for the traffic of 1868. This road was called the St. Joseph and Council Bluffs Railroad. Next in order came the consolidation of the St. Joseph and Council Bluffs and the Council Bluffs and St. Joseph roads, in i868, under the corporation name of St. Joseph and Council Bluffs Railroad Company. In 1870, the Missouri Valley Railroad and the St. Joseph and Coun- cil Bluffs Railroad were consolidated, bringing the entire line from Kansas City to Council Bluffs under one management. Out of this union was born the present (1881) Kansas City, St. Joseph and Council Bluffs Rail- road. We have referred to the completion of the Branch road from St. Joseph to the Iowa line, just beyond Hopkins. Shortly after this, the Chicago, Burlington and Quincy Railroad Company built a connecting branch, from Creston, Iowa, southward, to Hopkins, Missouri, thus afford- ing unbroken communication between St. Joseph and Chicago. February 8, 1871, the Legislature passed an act authorizing the con- solidated roads to change the route from St. Joseph, via Jimtown, to Savannah, substituting a more direct course along the Missouri River bottom, via Amazonia ; which was accordingly done. The following have been Superintendents of this road in its differ- ent phazes and under its different names : Davis Carpenter, when it was (in 1866) the Platte Country Railroad; Col. A. G. Gower, from 1866 to 1869 ; Maj. A. L. Hopkins (now of the Toledo, Wabash and Western) from 1869 to 1870; J. F. Barnard, from 1870 to the present time (1881). THE ST. LOUIS AND ST. JOSEPH RAILROAD (NOW A BRANCH OF THE WABASH, ST. LOUIS AND PACIFIC,) was commenced in 1867, and completed in the winter of 1869-70, when it went into bankruptcy. Under a sale in the Bankrupt Court it was bought in by the bondholders, who leased it to the North Missouri Rail- road Company. It is seventy-three miles in length, extending from St. Joseph, in a southeasterly direction, through Plattsburg, the seat of CHn- ton, and Richmond, of Ray County, and continuing on to a point on th6 Missouri River, opposite Lexington, crossing the main line of what is now (1881) the Wabash, St. Louis and Pacific Railroad at R. & L. Junc- tion. This branch road has had a variety of fortune. The name of the trunk line with which it connects St. Joseph has been styled, at different periods, successively, the North Missouri, the St. Louis, Kansas City and Northern, and finally, the Wabash, St. Louis and Pacific. HISTORY OF ST. JOSEPH. 583 One of the oldest trunk lines in the state is the MISSOURI PACIFIC RAILROAD. This road was talked of as a probable enterprise as early as 1848. In 1850, it was commenced. On the ist day of November, 1855, it was completed to Jefferson City. On that day, a fearful disaster befel : A train of fourteen cars, from St. Louis, laden with human freight, embarked for the purpose of cele- brating or ©f taking part in the celebration of the completion of this road to the State Capital, were precipitated into the river by the falling of the Gasconade bridge. The loss of human life in this terrific wreck was appalling. Seventy-five persons were almost instantly ushered into eternity, and many others were seriously injured. The engineer who built the bridge was on board the train and escaped. Just about the beginning of the war the road was extended as far as Dresden, six miles west of Sedalia. Joseph Hansen opened the first telegraph office here, in November 18, 1863. The succeeding four years, of course, put a stop to every such char- acter of improvement, and work was not again resumed till the close of the civil war, when labor on the same was actively revived ; and, before the close of the year 1865, the Missouri Pacific had reached Kansas City. It was subsequently extended through Leavenworth City to Atchison. About January, 1880, some citizens of St. Joseph offered Jay Gould $30,000 in consideration of his extending the Missouri Pacific, on the Kansas side of the river, to St. Joseph. This, Gould agreed to accept, and the money was raised and paid over. Considerable dissatisfaction, however, was expressed on the part of some who had contributed to this fund, when Mr. Gould leased the right of way, and brought his trains to St. Joseph over the Atchison branch of the Hannibal and St. Joseph Railroad. The first train of the Missouri Pacific to reach St. Joseph arrived February 23, 1880. THE ST. JOSEPH AND DES MOINES RAILROAD COMPANY was organized in 1877, with Colonel J. L. Motter as President. Under his able and judicious management, with the active co-operation of his' associates, arrangements were perfected, and on the 12th day of Novem- ber, 1877, the contract for the grading was let. On the i8th of the same month the work was commenced, and by the ist of April, 1878, the first twenty miles of the road was graded and ready for the rails. Track-laying was commenced June i, 1878, and completed by the 1st of October. The first engine was placed on the track on June 26th of the same year. This is a narrow gauge road, extending in a o S X p^ H cf) O >— » H £/l Pi < ?; K (J [1, w a o HISTORY OF ST. JOSEPH. 585 1 northerly direction, fifty miles, between St. Joseph and Albany, in Gen- try County. The seven stations on the line of this road between the ter- minal points, are Riverton, the first town north of St. Joseph, Cosby, Helena, Union Star, King City, Ford, and Darlington. Some time dur- ing the year 1880, the St. Joseph and Des Moines Narrow Gauge passed under the control of the 'Chicago, Burlington and Quincy Railroad, that great corporation having purchased it with a view of making it one of its numerous branches, and thus reaching the metropolis of the north- west. The Grand River country, which it traverses, is one of the most splendidly productive sections in the West. The following were the eight men who built and shared equally in the St. Joseph and DesMoiiies Narrow Gauge Railroad, till its sale to the C, B. & Q. R. R. : John L. Hotter, James H. Pickering, F. L. McLean, Wm. B. Johnson, Isaac T. Hosea, A. N. Schuster, R. L. McDonald and John B. Hundley. The first officials of this road were : John L. Hotter, President and General Manager ; Jas. H. Pickering, Superintendent ; F. L. HcLean, General Freight and Ticket Agent ; \V. B. Johnson, Secretary and Treasurer. OMNIBUS COMPANY. In February, 1859, upon the opening of the Hannibal and St. Joseph Railroad, Hajor Holman and Samuel Jerome started the St. Joseph Omnibus Line. In the spring following, Hessrs. John L. Hotter and C. D. Smith brought out the line, and built omnibus stables near the Patee House. They continued to operate this line until Geo. W. McAleer came to St. Joseph, from Virginia, and bought out the interest of J. L. Motter. The business was conducted by these gentlemen for some time, when Col. J. L. Motter bought out C. D. Smith. Motter & McAleer ran the business in partnership for some time, when Col. Motter sold his interest to McAleer. The line subsequently became the property of William Medaugh, by whom it was sold, in 1867, to Major Thomas Chris- topher. The stock then consisted of five omnibuses, one carriage, four buggies and thirty-six horses. The price paid for the whole was $12,000. Smith Adams afterwards became a partner in the omnibus line with Major Christopher, they continuing in the business as equal partners till 1870, when they sold a one-third interest to A. Sidney Tebbs, Esq., of Platte County. The style of the firm at this time was Christopher & Co. In the following year, the entire concern, business, stock, etc., excepting the barns and lots, which then stood on the corner of Eighth and Olive Streets, was sold to Captain J. A. Finer, present (1881) Mayor of St. Joseph. At the time of the sale, two-thirds were owned by Chris- topher and one-third by the heirs of A. Sidney Tebbs. The price paid hy Captain Finer was $17,000. The present firm is Finer & Co. The 36 586 HISTORY OF ST. JOSEPH. t Co. of the concern is T. A. Massey. In the fall of 1880, they built, on the corner of Eighth and Mary Streets, a spacious brick stable, at a cost of $5,500. The present equipment of the company consists of six omni- buses, four transfer wagons, one elegant mail w agon, and forty horses. The Omnibus Company carries to and from the postoffice to the different railroads all the St. Joseph mails. There are now (1881) three lines of street railway in St. Joseph. THE CITIZENS RAILWAY COMPANY built their line, in 1866, from Market Square to the corner of Mitchell Avenue and Eleventh Street. In 188 1, this line was extended south- ward to the Exposition Grounds, making its entire length three miles. The officers of this road in 1866 still (1881) continue in the same respective positions : R. E. Turner, President, and T.. J. Chew, Secre- tary and Treasurer ; T. J. Chew, A. Kirkpatrick and John S. Lemon compose the Executive Committee. THE UNION RAILWAY COMPANY, in July, 1876, completed their line of street railroad from Market Square northward to New Ulm Brewery, a distance of two and a half miles. In April, 1 88 1, an extension from Market Square southward was completed to the machine shops of the Kansas City, St. Joseph and Council Bluffs Railroad, making the entire length of the line several hundred feet over five miles. The present (1881) officers of the road are : J. E. Cox, Super- intendent ; Seympur Jenkins, President, and Thos. Steinacker, Secretary and Treasurer. In 1878, THE ST. JOSEPH & LAKE NARROW GAUGE STREET RAILWAY track and rolling stock were moved from Leavenworth City to St. Joseph, and the former laid down from near Fifth, on Edmond Street, to Eighth and Felix, thence up Frederick Avenue. It was afterwards extended to the common street car line center, on Market Square. It now (1881) extends between that point and Twentieth Street, a distance of over one and a half miles. Thos. Tootle is President of the com- pany. The stables are on Frederick Avenue, corner Twentieth Street. THE ST. JOSEPH HERDIC COACH COMPANY was established July 15, 1881, and went immediately into operation. The officers of the company are : Dr. John T. Berghoff, President ; J- A. Corby, Secretary ; E. F. Mitchell, Superintendent. It is supplied HISTORY OF ST. JOSEPH. 587 with eight coaches and fifty-six horses. The first line runs fi-om Market Square east to Ninth Street, on Felix ; north to Francis, then east to Thirteenth ; thence south, to Sylvanie ; thence east, to Fifteenth Street ; then north, to Edmond ; then east, to Seventeenth ; then north, to Francis, and east, to Twentieth Street. The second line runs on Sixth to Hall, thence to Ninth, thence to Powell, and from Powell to Mount Mora Cemetery. PATTERSON, NOYES & CO., WHOLESALE BOOTS AND SHOES. CHAPTER XL TRADE, COMMERCE, ETC. BOARD OF TRADE-ITS OFFICERS AND MEMBERS— WHOLESALE TRADE-SEWERAGE- STREET RAILWAYS-GAS WORKS- WATER WORKS— ST. JOSEPH CLEARING HOUSE- UNION STOCK YARDS-LIVE STOCK— PACKING HOUSES-ICE-OPERA HOUSE-CITY HALL-CHAMBER OF COMMERCE-CUSTOM HOUSE AND POST OFFICE-GLUCOSE WORKS-STAR PRESERVING WORKS-PRODUCE PACKIKG-MILITARY-TELEPHONE —TELEGRAPH STATISTICS— EXPRESS COMPANIES-POST OFFICE-INTERNAL REVE- NUE-GRAIN-CITY FINANCES. The following chapter is mainly taken from the admirable report of the Board of Trade for the years 1879-80 : BOARD OF TRADE. The Board of Trade was ©rganized October 19th, 1878. The fol- lowing are the names of the officers for each year since its organization, and a list of its members : 1878 — Thos. F. Van Natta, President ; Samuel I. Smith, First Vice President ; Andrew L. Kerr, Second Vice President ; Isaac Weil, Third Vice President; George Olds, Treasurer ; W. A. P. McDonald, Secretary. 1879 — Samuel I. Smith, President ; Andrew L. Kerr, First Vice Pres- ident ; Isaac Weil, Second Vice President ; John S. Welch, Third Vice President ; George Olds, Treasurer ; W. A. P. McDonald, Secretary. 1880 — Samuel I. Smith, President ; A. L. Kerr, First Vice President; Isaac Weil, Second Vice President ; H. R. W. Hartwig, Third Vice Pres- ident ; George Olds, Treasurer ; W. A. P. McDonald, Secretary. 1881— Samuel I. Smith, President; H. R. W. Hartwig, First'Vice President ; T. J. Chew, Jr., Second Vice President ; Samuel M. Nave, Third Vice President ; W. A. P. McDonald, Treasurer ; Frank Motter, Secretary. Directors — Samuel I. Smith, Winslow Judson, Judson Lyon, Joseph Hansen, F. M. Posegate, Samuel M. Nave, T. J. Chew, Jr., H. R. W. Hartwig, C. H. Nash, A. C. Dawes, Hanson Gregg, Abe Furst, W. A. P. McDonald. Standing Committees for 1881 — Finance — Abe Furst, chairman, John M. Frazer, A. N. Schuster, C. W. Campbell, J. S. Brittain. Rail- road and Transportation— Winslow Judson, Chairman, James McCord, R. E. Turner, Wm. M. Wyeth, J. W. Bailey. Trade and Commerce- Samuel M. Nave, Chairman, Hanson Gregg, A. Steinacker, W. A. P. McDonald, F. L. Sommer. Manufactures — T. J. Chew, Jr. Chairman,. James McCord, R. E. Turner, Wm. M. Wyeth, C. H. Nash. HISTORY OF ST. JOSEPH. 589 The following is a list of members of this organization : C. J. Trowbridge, wholesale lumber. Hanson Gregg, grain dealer. H. R. W. Hartwig, wh'sale liquors. J. P. Emmert, stock yards. C. B. France, cashier State Savings George Olds, general freight agent Bank. K. C, St. Jo. & C. B. R. R. Louis Hax, wholesale carpets and J. W. Bailey, wholesale dry goods. furniture. C. D. Sniith, wholesale grocer. R. L. McDonald, wholesale dry Wilson & Kennard, wholesale teas goods. and spices. W. M. Wyeth, wholesale hardware W. A. P. McDonald, wholesale dry Geo. C. Hull, cashier Bank of St. goods. Joseph. Townsend, Wyatt & Co., retail dry S. I. Smith, wholesale drugs. goods. W. E. Hosea, wholesale dry goods. F. C. Condon, wholesale drugs. Samuel M. Nave, wholesale grocer. Isaac Weil, wholesale dry goods. E. M. Yates, cashier Merchants A. Steinacker, Secretary and Treas- Bank. urer Union Railway Co. James McCord, wholesale grocer. Abe Furst, wholesale liquors. R. H. Jordan, wholesale hardware. Frank G. Hopkins, wholesale coal F. Westheimer, wholesale liquors. dealer. Fred K. Maus, wholesale iron and John B. Brady, wholesale and retail heavy hardware. carpets. B. D. Buford & Co., agricultural im- T. F. Van Natta, wholesale grocer. plements. Studebaker & Welch, wagons and R. E. Turner, wholesale grocer. carriages. W. G. Tirrell, boots and shoes. W. R. Penick, wholesale drugs. A. N. Schuster, wholesale clothing. Jos. W. Swain, Con. Oil Tank Line. E. R. McDonaldjwhl'sale hardware. Tyler & Hall, real estate and ins. R. L. Lancaster, attorney at law. B. Newberger, wholesale millinery. I. T. Hosea, wholesale hardware. Studebaker Bros. M'f 'g Co., wagons. Wm. Kneer & Son, whl'sale conf 'y. H. B. Ketcham, retail clothing. Sam'l Westheimer, whl'sale liquors. F. L. Sommer & Co., cracker factory. Patterson, Noyes & Co., wholesale Meyer & Meyers, cigar manufact'rs, boots and shoes. D. M. Steele & Co., whl'sale grocers. Israel and John Landis, wholesale Buell Man'f'ing Co., woolen mills, harness. Roberts & Stewart, green grocers, Woolworth & Colt, wholesale books J. W. Atwill, grain dealer. and stationery. J. W. Zook, Union Stock Yards, Jo. Hansen, Gen. F'tand T'ket Ag't. J. W. Dimmitt & Co., whl'sale teas, St. J. & W. R. R. Co. T. J. Chew, Jr., negotiator of loans. E. P. Smith, grain commission. E. D. Nash, prop. St. Joe. elevator, Dougherty, Ray & Co., wholesale C. A. & E. H. Perry, grain dealers. lumber. A. L. Kerr, grain dealer. I- N. Speer, grain dealer Chambers &Marney,retail dry goods. 590 HISTORY OF ST. JOSEPH. Krug Packing Co., pork packers. H. A. Russell, G. A., W., St.L. & P. Ry, W. H. Whittaker, prop, starch fac'y. H. M. Garlichs, wholesale drugs. I. Haas, Commercial Wine Hall. Burnside, Crowther & Rogers, Union Ernst & Brill, book and news dealers. Foundry. A. A. Grower, Chief Clerk St. Joe. F. M. Posegate, Postm'ter and Pres- & W. R. R. Co. ident Steam Printing Co. Judson Lyon, wholesale lumber. Dr. Rob't Gunn, Gen'l Sup't St. J. & Hail & Kingsbury, steam printers. K. Bridge Co. D. F. Bombeck, copper and sheet H. J. Seip& Co., whl'sale coal dealers. iron works. E. J. Crowther, City Register. P. V. Wise, insurance. H. L. Williams, capitalist. Koenig,Hauck & Co.,cracker fac'try. J. Pfeiffer & Son., steam stone works. John Hax, pork packer. J. J. Tracy, whl'sale and retail grocer. R. T. Davis, proprietor City Mills. W. P. Sanders, wholesale stoves and H. Keene & Co., beer bottlers. tinware. W. J. Fulton, railroad contractor. C. S. Groff, G. A.,H. & St. J. R. R. Co. Milton Tootle, whl'sale dry goods. Philip Rogers, livery. Gilkey and Ullmann, pork packers. Oscar Schramm, vinegar factory. Dr. A. V. Banes, phy'n and surgeon. Winslow Judson, attorney at law. John L. Motter, President St. J. & Joseph Mclnerny, prop. Com. House. Des Moines R. R. Bernard Patton, contractor. Moorby & Fink, wholesale leather R. G. Dun & Co., mercantile agency. and findings. E. V. Snively, grain and mills. Green, Sherry & Minor, grain com. Blackwell & Clark, whl'sale lumber. H. N. Turner, City Collector. Henry Voss, wall paper. Boettner & Eckel, architects. F. M. Tracy, prop. Daily Herald. • A. E. McKinney, retail dry goods. Paul Francke, capitalist. J. K. Burgess, livery. Wm. Bergman, wholesale and retail Louis Fuelling, beer and vinegar furniture. factory. C. W. Campbell, whl'sale dry goods. A. C. Dawes, G. P. A., K. C.,St. Joe C. H. Nash, President Mutual Gas & C. B. R. R. Light Co. John Kieffer, Pres't St. Joe Ice Co. J. H. Smith & Co., grain dealers. A. M. Wright & Co., prop'rs H. & A. Nunning, St. Joeseph brewery. St. Joe Elevator. J. A. Owen, real estate dealer. S. Lockwood & Co., wholesale hats, J. B. Laughlin, Gen'l Ticket Agent. caps and millinery. W. H. Floyd, flour and commission, - Isaac Motter, grain dealer. Evans & Son, grain dealers. John F. Tyler, at'ty and real estate N. K. Fairbanks & Co., provision Charles G. Hall, provision dealer. dealers. George Morris, builder and ccmt'or. Smith, Frazer & Co., whl'sale boots Ira N. Turner, livery. and shoes. C. C. Pratt, provision dealer. J. W. Rutherford, Vice Pres't Water John DeClue,builder and contractor. Works Co. HISTORY OF ST, JOSEPH. 59I T. Pfefferle, wine hall. Bradstreet & Co., mercantile agency. Armstrong Bros., whl'sale and retail P. P. Buddy,' contractor. grocers. Chicago Produce Exchange, stocks. J. F. Barnard, Gen'l Sup't K. C, St. News Publishing Co., pub. Evening Joe & C. B. R. R. Co. News. Walter Eckel, grain commission. A. J. Foster, agricultural imp'lm'nts. Gazette Printing Co., pub. Daily J. B. Kitchen, prop. Pacific House, Gazette. Austin McFarland, Gen'l T'k't Agt. H. Marks & Co., whl'sale wool and D. P. McDonald, agent Fairbanks hides. Scale Co. G. W. Pooler,, paints, oils and glass. D. Pinger, pork packer. A. M. Saxton & Co., prop. Eagle Japaes Walsh, & Co., whl'sale liquors. MiUs. W. G. Hall, physician and surgeoii. J, A. Corby Pres't Telephone Ex. C. M. Hooper, grain dealer. J, C. McGinitie & Co., grain com. Bailey, Fairleigh & Weil, wholesale Consolidated Tank Line Company, dry goods. refined crude oil. Eckel & Mann, architects. Crowther & Rogers, iron founders. A. Furst & Co., wholesale liquors. Merchants Bank, banking. Gregg Bros., grain. Hax & Bro., pork packers,. Judson & Motter, attorneys. Kemnard & Fisher, wholesale teas Horace Jackson, grain commission. and spices. Tootle, Shireman & Co., wholesale Stjoseph Steam Printing Company, clothing. printers and binders. Turner,Frazer & Co.,wh's'le clothing. Schuster, Tootle & Co., wholesale Shively & Hedges, grain and mills. clothing. S. I. Smith & Co., wholesale drugs. Shultz & Hosea, whl'sale hardware Nunning & Son, brewers. Lockwood, Englehart & Co., whole- Sanders & McDonald, whl'sale stoves sale millinery. and tinware. J. S. Brittain & Co.' whl's'le dry goods. WHOLESALE TRADE. The rapid increase of the wholesale trade of St. Joseph in the past year is simply remarkable. The merchants, last January, looked for- ward to a greatly increased trade, but they did not think for a moment that it would go far beyond the expectations of the most sanguine of their number. Such, however, has been the case, and there is no telling what proportions the trade will assume in 188 1. To accommodate this increase of business, many of our merchants are compelled to erect more commodious buildings. The many magnificent wholesale structures that have gone up in the past few months bear ample evidence to the truth of this assertion. It can be said that there has been an average increase of fifty per cent., a figure that is beyond the comprehension of many of the older cities. 592 HISTORY OF ST. JOSEPH. When it is known that St. Joseph employs over five hundred com- mercial travelers, who are almost constantly on the road, receiving orders daily for the various lines of goods, some idea may be formed of the importance of our wholesale interests. The St. Joseph wholesale houses have a reputation as broad as the American Continent, and our railroads carry out of the city daily immense consignments of goods for Colorado, Kansas, Nebraska, Iowa, California, Nevada, Oregon, New Mexico, Arkansas, Texas, Dakota, Wyoming, Utah and Montana. There are many other cities four times as large as St. Joseph that do not begin to rival her in wholesale business. These are facts that are demonstrated upon every side. Indeed, St. Joseph is known the world over for the number of her millionaires and the character of her wholesale houses. In 1880, the business of St. Joseph aggregated sixty-two millions of dol- lars. This includes the wholesale and retail trade, and manufactories, and those best qualified to judge say that this figure is in no way exag- gerated. The statistics here given are prepared very carefully from all the evidence to be procured, and are regarded as near the mark as possibly can be approximated. It should be borne in mind that the transactions or sales given are for both the wholesale and retail business taken together, during 1880. Dry goods , $8,500,ooa Groceries 8,000,000 Boots and shoes 1,800,000 Wines and Liquors 1,900,000- Drugs, paints, oils, etc 1,750,000 Lumber, lath and shingles 2,800,000- Iron, hardware and cutlery 3,125,000- Clothing 1,850,000 Machinery and agricultural implements 2,250,000- Hogs, cattle, live stock 1,700 000 ' Elevators, grain and produce 1,800,000 Hats, caps and millinery 1,200,000 Saddlery and harness 1,100,000 Flour, feed and mill stuffs 1,500,000- Furniture and carpets 1,250,000 Tobacco, cigars, etc 950,000 ' Crackers, confectionery and fruits •■•... 880,000 Wool, hides, tallow and furs 850,000- ' Wagons, carriages, etc 800,000 Teas and spices 600,000 Queensware 550,000 Watches, clocks and jewelry 650 000 Coal, wood and ice 635,000 Printing, books and stationery 520,000 Stoves and tinware 550,000. Toys, notions and fancy goods 375,ooo Trunks, leather and findings 350,000 HISTORY OF ST. JOSEPH. 593 Gasfitting, plumbing, etc 375,000 Storage and commission 325 000 Oysters, fish, game, meats, etc 2co,ooo Sewing machines, guns and musical merchandise 150,000 Bottled waters, beer and vinegar 100,000 Total sales 849.385,000 Add sales of manufactures 12,902,115 Grand total trade $62,287 "5 SEWERAGE. The system of sewerage for the city, which although in its infancy, has been admirably planned for a perfect drainage of all portions. The main sewers are made to correspond to the natural water courses as nearly as possible, so that wherever there is a natural channel or drain- age for water it is incorporated into the system. Into these main sewers and living streams of water will be directed all the lateral or smaller sewers which will carry the water and drainage from every principal street and alley in the city. The principal one is the Smith Branch sewer, running from the intersection of Twentieth Street and Frederick Avenue to the corner of Seventh and Charles Streets; where it intersets the Charles Street sewer. It is about seven feet inside diameter, and is built partly of brick and partly of stone. The Charles Street sewer, the largest and best in the city, is constructed of solid limestone throughout, and is fully nine feet in diameter by inside measurement. The cost of the two sewers above described was about $100,000. The remainder of the sewers, such as Bush Branch, Sixth Street, Olive Street, Franklin Street and Mitchell Avenue, are constructed of brick, with an average of about five feet in the clear. The following facts will give an idea of the extent and magnitude of the system : No.of feet of sewers already completed.- 16,000 No. feet to be built this year (1881) 2,000 Total length of sewers now used 3 miles Total cost of sewers to date $200,000 Amount to be expended for sewers in 1881 20,000 Amount paid for improving streets, 1880 25,000 Amount to be expended this year, 1881 30,000 Total length of macadamized streets 3° miles Total length of stone and brick paved walks 55 miles GAS WORKS. St. Joseph has been extremely fortunate in having had a thoroughly reliable gas company here in operation since 1878. Previous to this^ the various companies serving the public were either inefficient in capac- 594 HISTORY OF ST. JOSEPM. ity or exorbitant in charges. In the year 18 56, J. B. Ranney and his associates proposed to the city authorities that privileges should be granted to a company to be organized, of which the city should supply •one-half of the capital stock and himself and associates the remaining half This proposition was accepted on a basis of $50,000 capital stock and the works were erected and lamp posts placed at principal street corners. The price then charged for gas was $5 per 1,000 feet. The work not proving profitable and the city finances being at a low ebb, in 1858 an ordinance was passed by the council to dispose of the $25,000 stock of the city in the gas works, and James M. Wilson became the pur- chaser, paying therefore 20 per cent, of par value of the stock. In i86i, the interest of J. B; Ranney & Co', was sold under execution- to T. B. Weakly, who, with J. M. Wifson, operated the works until 1864, when Weakly purchased the interest of Wilson, paying therefor $8,000. • Pre- vious to this, the works were burned to the ground but had been rebuilt. At this time. Weakly advanced the price of gas to $6 per 1,000 feet to private customers, at which figure it was held until the purchase of the works in 1871, by James Clements and associates, of Detroit, Mich,, under the name of Citizens Gas Light Company, at the sum of $50,000. This company at once enlarged and improved the works, and secured the contract for lighting the street lamps, which had remained unlighted several years. They supplied private consumers at $4.50 per 1,000 feet, and afterwards reduced the price to $4 ; and for lighting each street lamp per year they received $30. In 1878, the Mutual Gas Light Company, which is the present owner of the works, came before the city authorities and, through their Presi- dent, C. H. Nash, Esq., offered to supply private consumers at $2.50 per 1,000 feet and the street lamps at $25 per annum. They were awarded the contract and granted franchises in the streets equal to the other com- pany. The beginning of work was but the commencement of hostilities between the rival companies, which finally resulted in the sale of the entire works and franchises of the Citizens to the Mutual Gas Light Company. The latter company has erected elegant new works on the corner of Lafayette and Sixth Streets, capable of supplying a city of 75,000 inhab- itants, in addition to the excellent improvements which had been already built by the former company on corner of Fifth and Angelique Streets, The company now have placed in position over twenty miles of main pipe, supplying over eight hundred consumers and nearly five hundred street lamps. The officers of the company are C. H. Nash, President ; W. A. Has- tings, Treasurer ; A. W. Nash, Secretary, and K. M. Mitchell, Superin- tendent. HISTORY OF ST. JOSEPH. 595 THE UNION DEPOT. To John B. Carson, General Manager of the Hannibal & St. Joseph Railroad, belongs the credit of originating a plan for the construction of a union depot at St. Joseph. After various conferences of the Union Depot projectors, the erec- tion of the building was finally determined upon in April, 1880, when the St. Joseph Union Depot Company was organized with the following companies as incorporators and stockholders : Hannibal & St. Joseph Railroad Company; Missouri Pacific Railway Company; St. Joseph & Western Railroad Company, which is a part of the Union Pacific ; Kan- sas City, St. Joseph & Council Bluffs Railroad Company, which is a part of the Chicago, Burlington & Quincy'R^road ; Wabash, St. Louis & Pacific Railroad Company; St. Joseph & !!fes Moines Railroad Company The capital stock of the company was first placed at one hundred and fifty thousand dollars, but for the purpose of procuring further funds for the better improvement of the building, the company issued first mortgage bonds to the extent of one hundred and fifty thousand dollars and placed them on the market. The financial agent and attorney .of the company, Mr. Winslow Judson, found no difficulty in disposing of these bonds, and they were sold at par, and the money placed in the hands of the treasurer for use in constructing the depot. The ground which was selected and legally condemned for this enterprise, is situated on the east side of Sixth Street, near the corner of Mitchell Avenue, that having been found to be the most suitable location for i common point of meeting for the different railroads oper- ating their lines through this city. It embraces a tract of six acres, all of which will be required for its buildings, sheds, platforms, tracks, etc. A detailed description of the building, supplied by the architects, is as follows : The style of the building is Eastlake domestic gothic, and contem- plates a building 40x3 feet in length and 50 in width, set back from Sixth Street 36 feet, so as to give room for carriage way between present street line and front of building. The front on Sixth Street will present a central division of 120 feet front, and three stories in height, with a clock tower in the center rising to the height of 150 feet from grade. On each side of this central divi- sion there will be wings of two stories in height, and extending 90 feet in each direction to the end pavilions, which are three stories in height. All exterior walls will be faced with pressed brick laid in black mortar, with elaborate trimmings of stone, black and moulded brick, and encaustic tiles. All windows will have transoms over them filled with stained cathedral glass in varying designs, set in lead sash. This 596 HISTORY OF ST. JOSEPH. work will be of the best description of stained glass work and will give a most beautiful effect to the various rooms of the building. The first floor of the building will be divided into three parts by open corridors or passage-ways, i6 feet 6 inches wide ; these corridors will be arched over, and faced with pressed brick with trimmings to cor- respond with the exterior of the building. From these passage-ways, the stairways to the second story of the building will start. The north division will contain the baggage room, 50x50 feet ; two express offices, 22x50 feet ; mailing room and superintendent's room, each 15x25 feet. The central division between passage-ways will contain ladies' and gents' waiting rooms, each 50x50 feet ; ladies' and gents' wash-rooms, etc., each 18x25 feet; barber shop and telegraph office, each 18x25 feet; general ticket office, 'lunch counters, etc. The south division will con- tain the dini'ngroom, 50x50 feet; hotel office with wash rooms, etc.; bil- liard room, kitchen, all the necessary pantries, etc., and hotel stair- way to second story of building. The second story will contain the railroad offices, 18 in number, and 35 large sleeping rooms, hotel parlor, bath rooms, etc. The third story over north pavilion will contain janitor's apartments ; the third story over central part 15 sleeping rooms for hotel, and that over the south pavilion the servants' rooms. The finish throughout the building will be rich and massive and of the style generally known as " Eastlake." The trimmings for doors and windows will be of gold bronze of rich design. The building will be heated throughout by steam and be supplied with hot, and cold water. In making their estimates for the building, the contractors find that there is a mile and fifty feet of base board on each floor ; that there is over a mile of stone belt courses on the building, and that five times around the building makes a mile. It will take about 2,100,000 brick. Such is the history and description of the Union Depot, and surely the vexatious delays that have from time to time retarded the work will be forgotten in contemplating the elegance, architectural beauty and convenience of the magnificent structure. The building will be a lasting monument to the energy, enterprise and public spirit of its projectors. WATER WORKS. One of the chief needs of St. Joseph for more than ten years past has been a complete and perfect system of water works, to be employed both as a safeguard against fire and as a means of averting the possibili- ties of a deficient supply in seasons of drought. But it was not until the lOth day of December, 1879, that anything was actually accomplished in that direction, at which date the Mayor HISTORY OF ST. JOSEPH. 597 approved an ordinance passed by the City Council authorizing the con- struction of water works upon the " gravity system," the supply to be obtained from the Missouri River, above the city limits. On December 23d, 1879, the contract was let to the St. Joseph Water Company, under bond to complete the works and furnish a full supply of pure, wholesome water within twelve months from that date. This company commenced work on the 4th day of January, 1880, and upon the 12th day of January, 1881, the works were accepted as perfectly satisfactory by the city authorities. In order that our citizens and others may know something of the character and extent of the works, a brief description is here given : Three miles up the Missouri River, the Water Company purchased one hundred acres of land, where they have since, erected their engine and reservoirs, and it is from that point the city is«supplied with water. Few people have an idea of the immense amount of labor and mate- rial it requires to supply a city like St. Joseph with water works. The Water Company was fortunate in .procuring the one hundred acres of land upon which the works have been erected. At the foot of the hill, on the ground mentioned, the great engine house stands, and upon the top of the same hill the splendid reservoirs are to be found. A few hun- dred feet from the engine house the water is procured from the Missouri River, and the company went to a heavy expense for the purpose of pro- curing river protection and a constant channel from which to procure at all times the purest water possible. About thirty thousand dollars were spent in this manner, the company well knowing that in order to make the water works of great value to the city, measures should be taken to guard against such a disaster as would result in an insufficient supply of water. All along the banks near the works the ground has been cov- ered with brush and rock, making it perfectly solid, and a piling runs out to the main channel about thirty feet in length. A 24-inch pipe runs from the end of this piling to the engine house and through this pipe the water is forced by the engine into the pipes running along the hill to the reservoirs above. The building, in which is situated the engine for forcing the water into the reservoirs, is forty feet wide by eighty feet long, and is divided into two compartments. The north compartment is used as a boiler room and in it are placed three boilers, which contain fifty-nine 4-inch flues. These boilers are sixteen feet long, and sixty-four inches in diam- eter. The southern portion of the room contains the engineer's room and the engines have been located therein. They have, besides the large one, a small engine set up which is capable of throwing one million gal- lons of wafer into the reservoirs every twenty-four hours. The large engine is capable of throwing four million gallons every twenty-four 598 HISTORY OF ST. JOSEPH. hours. These engines are from R. H. Worthington, of New York, and are built upon the horizontal plan. If one of them gets out of order the other can be put into use, thereby preventing the supply of water from giving out on account of accident. On the west of the engine is the smoke stack, which is one hundred feet high, sixteen feet in diameter at the base and six at the top. The reservoirs are situated upon the hill above. It cost the com- pany $7,000 to make a road from the foot to the top of this hill, and the reader can, consequently, judge how rough it is down this elevation. An immense amount of work has been expended upon these reservoirs. The great basins are supplied with water by the engines below, the water being first forced into a well west of the elevation, and after that it runs through pipes into the reservoirs, of which there are three. The settling basin is 380 feet long by 85 feet wide, and its capacity is three million gallons. Its depth is twenty feet, and its water level is two feet higher than the reservoir on the south. The company proposes to keep seven- teen feet of water in this department all the time. At the east end there is an overflow pipe from which water can escape. The largest basin of them all is that on the south side, which is 210 feet wide by 300. feet long. Its full capacity is eight million gallons, and the idea is to keep at least fifteen feet of clear or filtered water in this reservoir all the time. Situated at a point midway between the settling basin and the south basin is the affluent well, and the water flows through a twenty-inch pipe and into the same. There is a strainer of copper at the end of this pipe, having five thousand little holes, which prevents the water from getting anything into it that might succeed in reaching the basins. The city receives its water directly from the affluent well mentioned. It is run through a twenty-inch pipe, which is laid under the ground all the way between the city and the reservoirs, three miles distant. The north basin, which is also intended for the filtered water, is 150 feet wide and 300 feet long, and has a capacity of six millions of gallons. Although partly dug out, this basin will not be put in operation for the present. The company has laid a layer of gumbo one foot and a half thick all over the bottom and sides of the basins. Over the gumbo is placed a layer of brick, with the crevices filled up with cement. If at any time it should be required to empty these basins there is certain machinery on hand that can be placed at work immediately and the old water can be replaced by that which is fresh and pure. It is hardly probable that all the basins will ever get out of order at the same time. Should they do so, however, the company still has a way to supply the city with water. There is direct connection between the affluent and influent wells and the water is supplied to the city by opening the valves. If such an accident should happen, the company will not warrant the water to be pure, because it cannot go through the HISTORY OF ST. JOSEPH. 599 purifying process in the settling basins. At all other times, the water is warranted clear and pure. Waste pipes are attached to the reservoirs for draining purposes,, which can be readily used at any time. Reservoir Hill is 330 feet above high water mark, and it is 122 feet higher than any point in St. Joseph. In the business portion of the city the pressure has been, since the works were in operation, 120 pounds to the square inch. In testing the capacity of the street hydrants it has been demon- strated that in the business portion of the city a stream can be thrown through hose, with a proper nozzle attached, to the height of about 1 10 feet, while at the corner of Nineteenth and Francis Streets, one of the highest points within the eastern corporate limits, a distance of 65 feet has been shown to be the extreme limit of elevation. From the above facts it will be seen that in a majority of cases the hydrants can be util- ized in place of steam fire engines now used in connection with the fire department, thus proving a source of economy as well as safety to every citizen. At first the contract only called for sixteen miles of piping, and 240 fire hydrants, but it has been necessary since then to increase the num- ber of miles from sixteen to twenty-six. At the present writing, something over twenty miles of main pipe has been laid in place and one hundred and eighty-two hydrants placed at proper locations and in working order. At the junction of the prin- cipal streets, and at other suitable points, stop gates or valves have been inserted in the water mains for shutting off the water in cases of neces- sity or convenience from any of the lines of pipe. The large supply pipe enters the city at the corner of Third and Middleton Streets, and from there a sixteen-inch pipe runs to Sixth Street, and a twelve-inch pipe to Third. From these points the pipes run in every direction, making the water course every way during day and night. Anticipating that South St. Joseph is likely to become an important manufacturing point, the water company has run pipes all through that section of the city. The preparation for drainage in the city are complete. The com- pany has already placed a number of pipes in the lowest parts of the city for that purpose. These pipes are to be kept perfectly clean all the time, so the people can have fresh and pure water constantly. The works were to cost at first, $300,000, but the company kept adding to the original estimate until the works complete have cost $700,- 000, instead of amount first estimated. In building the works, the company took into consideration the fact that St. Joseph is likely to grow much larger in the near future, and 600 HISTORY OF ST. JOSEPH. ample arrangements have been made to supply a city of several times the size of St. Joseph, if it becomes necessary, and it is believed that the time is not very far in the future when the company will have oceasion to test the capacity of their works to the utmost extent. The popularity of the works is evidenced by the fact that nearly two hundred and fifty applications have been made since their completion for water supply for private residences, stores, hotels, factories, mills, etc, This even exceeds the most sanguine expectations of the company and is a gratifying assurance of liberal patronage in the near future. The officers of the company are : W. Scott Fitz, President ; T. J. Chew, Jr., Secretary ; J. W. Rutherfoord, Chief Engineer ; H. F. Juengst, Ass't Engineer ; Theo. W. Davis, Superintendent of the Works. The company keeps from thirty-five to forty hands constantly employed. The building of such immense water works is an undertaking that requires great engineering and mechanical skill, and Major Rutherfoord has demonstrated his capacity as an engineer by so successfully com- pleting the work. » Such is the description of the St. Joseph water works, which are destined to be of so much value and pleasure to the people of St. Joseph, and which constitute one of the grandest enterprises that have been completed in the city in 1880. ST. JOSEPH CLEARING HOUSE. The St. Joseph Clearing House was organized in February, 1877, with A. Beattie, as President and E. O. Sayle, Manager. After the death of Mr. Beattie, in 1878, Mr. John Colhoun was elected to the position of President, and the present officers are: John Colhoun, President; E. 0. Sayle, Manager ; C. B. France, Geo. C. Hull and Thos. W. Evans, Man- aging Committee. The clearings of a city are sometimes supposed to be a fair index to its business transactions, yet this is a fallacy, and, for obvious reasons, this fact can be easily demonstrated. For illustration : if but one bank did the business of a city there could be no clearings at all ; while if two banks only existed there could be clearings, but they would not show as laTge transactions as if there were ten banks doing exactly the same amount of business as the two. The reason is, that if A, B, C, and D, are all depositors in one bank, though they may have transac- tions amounting to millions of dollars between each other, yet their checks never go through the clearing house ; while if these same parties, A, B, C and D, were depositors in four different banks their full trans- actions would pass through clearing house books. From this cause the clearings of St. Joseph do not approximate the figures which would be shown did eight banks do the same business that four are now doing HISTORY OF ST. JOSEPH. 6oi yet the .figures are creditable and will be found below, given in detail, from 1877, by months, up to January i, 1881 : January . February , March . . April . . May . . . June . . July. August . . September . October . , November , December . Month. 1877. 312,000 I 920,000 2,094,000 2,070,000 2,080,000 1,937,000 2,000,000 2,134,000 2,704,000 2,570,000 3,118,000 Total $22,939,000 $23,028,000 $24,812,000 $33,718,000 1878. 2,820,000 1,678,000 I 758,000 1,974,000 2,372,000 1,998,000 1,984,000 1,620,000 I 590,000 1,926,000 1,678,000 1,630,000 1879. 2, 104,000 1,786,000 1,966,000 1,784,000 2,010,000 1,706,000 1,850,000 .1,868,000 2,120,000 2 450,000 2,332,000 2,836.000 1 880. 2,762,000 2,462,000 2,842,000 2,464,000 2,226,600 2,810,000 2,170,000 2,680,000 2,758,000 3,192,000 3,674,000 3,678,000 UNION STOCK YARDS. The Union Stock Yards Company was organized several years ago, but owing to the fact that the railroads have not endeavored to create a stock market in this city, the transactions are consequently small in comparison to what they should be were shippers required to unload ■here as is done in Kansas City. Hundreds of cars of stock go through the city annually which are not permitted to pass through the stock yards. But the prospect of new and rival lines of road will soon remedy this discrimination, and when St. Joseph gets a favorable arrangement in this direction she will soon become a great stock market. The transactions of the stock yards for the past three years are as follows : KIND OF STOCK. Head of hogs Head of catile Head of horses and raules Head of sheep , 1878. 69,710 5.992 1,842 3.564 1879. 99.513 15,005 3.179 2,293 1880. 102,150 20,592 3.505 5.990 The capacity of the yards is limited, at present, to fifty pens, which will accommodate 2,500 head of cattle and 3,000 head of hogs. LIVE STOCK. During the year 1880, nearly 10,000 head of cattle were marketed in St. Joseph, which amounted to an aggregate value of about $3C)0,ooo. This is becoming a large market for horses and mules, and is now the chief source from which the Government secures supplies for the 6o2 HISTORY OF ST. JOSEPH. cavalry and frontier service. There were about 4,000 horses and mules sold in this market in 1880, of a total value of $350,000. A great por- tion of this number were shipped out to Minnesota, Iowa, Nebraska) Kansas, Dakota, Wyoming, Colorado, New Mexico, Louisiana and South Carolina. There were 140,000 head of hogs sold in this city in 1880, of a value of $2,000,000, making the total sales of live stock $2,650,000. This does not include over 200,000 head of hogs bought in this county at the great packing house of Fowler ^ros. PACKING HOUSES. The geographical position which this city occupies as a center of a large agricultural section, whose products naturally seek this point for a market, brings the city into great prominence as an advantageous point for pork packing. The tendency of this trade is westward, where hogs can be got cheaply and handled at little expense. St. Joseph is steadily growing in importance as a packing point, from the fact that she is sur- rounded by a section of country producing hogs in marvelous abundance that seek a market here. Kansas City, which is growing to be a great packing point, depends largely upon this section for material. The additional cost of transpor- tation to that city is a telling advantage in favor of St. Joseph packers. Barrels, fuel and labor are obtained here as cheap as at any point in the west. The total number of hogs packed in the city during the season of 1 880- 1, to March ist, was 120,000. In the Gazette of January 30, 1846, we find the following : " We are informed that there have been upwards of 5,000 hogs and about 200 beef cattle slaughtered in this place, besides near 2,000 which have been brought here slaughtered. Averaging the hogs at 175 pounds, and the beef cattle at 600, which is a very low estimate, we have ready for shipment 1,225,000 pounds of pork, and 120,000 pounds of beef, besides upwards of 600 barrels of lard and tallow. From differ- ent statements we have seen, there have been more hogs slaughtered in this place than any other of its size in the state, and more than in towns of twice its population. When it is taken into consideration that this is the first season anything of the kind has been attempted, what may we not expect in a few years. Arrangements will be made to carry on extensively next season." From this we would infer that, in an early day, it was believed that St. Joseph was destined to become a great pork and beef packing center. This anticipation has not, however, been realized. The result is due to natural causes, however, and it is no reflection on the enterprise of the people of Buchanan County that so large a portion of her annual yield of cattle and hogs is shipped abroad alive. HISTORY OF ST. JOSEPH. 603 There are at present (1881) three packing houses in the city. The oldest of these was established by the present proprietor, David Finger, in 1853. It was located at first on Blacksnake. It- is now (1881) near the Francis Street Depot. About five hands are generally employed. Slaughtering here is principally done for the butchers, Hax & Brother were established in 1868. Their packing house and office are on the corner of Fourth and Mary Streets. They employ in the winter season between sixty and eighty hands, and also pack to a limited extent in summer. The packing house of H. Krug & Co. was established in the winter of 1877-78. H. Krug, President ; James McCord, Vice-President and Treasurer ; George C. Hax, Secretary. The capital stock of the com- pany is $72,000. In the winter of 1879-80, this house packed between 60,000 and 65,000 hogs. In the summer, about 24,000 head were packed. In August, 1881, they slaughtered 1,800 hogs per week. Connett Brothers, who packed in 1880, about 6,000 hogs, on their farm in the county, are now (1881) erecting a spacious brick structure south of the city limits, which will cost, when completed, about $25,000 or $30,000. Its packing capacity will be from 1,000 to 1,500 per day. To Fowler Brothers' mammoth establishment, and to Smith, Farlow & Co.'s, at Winthrop, we have already referred. f ICE. The past winter has afforded the best ice harvest ever before known in this city, and this fact was taken advantage of by all dealers and large consumers to lay in an abundant supply. The following statement shows the number of tons taken from the Missouri River and Lake Con- trary and stored for use : Breweries 40,000 tons Packing companies 25,000 " Ice dealers 25,000 " Private use 10,000 " Total 100,000 tons The average cost of storing ice last season was less than $1 per ton, ■ while the average cost of imported ice the year previous was $4.50 per ton. OPERA HOUSE. No other city in the entire West can boast of so fine a temple devoted to the dramatic art, nor comparing in size and elegance of appointment, with the Opera House in this city. The building was erected by Mr, Milton Tootle, in 1873, at a cost of $150,000. It is regarded by all as the finest theatre west of Chicago, 604 HISTORY OF ST. JOSEPH, and was recently pronounced by John McCullough to be as well adapted to the presentation of the drama as any theatre in England or America< The ground floor is fitted up with six fine stores with plate glass windows, designed for the retail line. The upper stories are for offices, the entrance to which is on Fifth Street. Th6 grand entrance to the auditorium is on Francis Street, and has a width of sixteen feet. It is reached by an easy ascent of four short flights of stairs, which convey the spectators into an exceedingly handsome interior, fitted up with all the accessories of modern opera seats, elegant crystal chandelier and bracket lights, handsome galleries, artistic frescoes, and a proscenium, with its side boxes and drop curtains, that entrances one like a fairy scene. The auditorium is 66x69 f^^t, and 45 feet from pit to dome. The seating capacity is 1,400, which will be large enough for any growth of the city for ten years to come. The stage is 40x60 feet, with a prosce- nium arclvof 32 feet. It is most perfect in its appointments, being sup- plied with all the modern machinery and twelve sets of scenery. In the rear of the stage are the green room and dressing rooms — apartments furnished with all the conveniences and comforts of home life ; an atten- tion to the well-being of theatrical performers scarcely ever displayed, which reflects the highest credit on the humanity of the public spirited proprietor. THE CITY HALL. This spacious, lofty and elegant three-story structure which occu- pies the area of Market Square, was erected in 1873. Stigers & Boettner were the architects, and R. K. Allen, builder. It fronts 70 feet on Felix, and 70 on Edmond, extending between these streets 140 feet, the side windows looking out on Second Street and on Market Square. The principal material used in the construction of this building is brick. The doors and windows are surmounted with semi-circular arches, trimmed like other parts of the building, with cut stone. The roof and tower- caps are of tin, tasefully painted in the South-Americo-Anaconda style. The altitude of the structure to the eaves is 55 feet, and from the base to the top of the cupola is 92 feet. The lower floor is used as a City Market House. The second story is occupied by city officials, lawyers and others. The third floor is an immense public hall, fitted up with gallery, ante-rooms, and all the appli- ances of modern conveniences properly pertaining to such places of public assembly. The upper floors are approached by four spacious and easy stairways, each occupying a corner of the building, thus affording, under all circumstances, convenient egress and entrance. In view of its imposing appearance, as well as of the convenience of its internal arrangements, this is one of the most econonomical public HISTORY OF ST. JOSEPH. 605 structures in the Northwest, the entire cost of the building having been not more than $50,000. CHAMBER OF COMMERCE. In accordance with a resolution of the Board of Trade, recently adopted, a committee appointed for that purpose has prepared articles of association for the incorporation of a stock company to be called the Chamber of Commerce, the object of which is to perfect a plan for the erection of a Board of Trade or Chamber of Commerce building in this city. The organization has been completed, and it is thought that the necessary stock can be placed at once. The location has not yet been determined upon, but it is designed to secure a corner lot, if possible, near to the business centre of the city. The character of the building desired will be of the best construction, of brick with stone fronts ; the basement to be on the grade and occupied with ofiSces and stores ; the first floor to be occupied in the same manner, while the third floor is to be used for Board of Trade- purposes. The size of the projected building, it is anticipated, will be eighty by one hundred and forty feet frontage, if suitable ground can be procured, and its height three spacious stories, equal to about the height of an ordinary five story building. CUSTOM HOUSE AND POSTOFFICE. St. Joseph has long been neglected in the matter of a government building, but her position now as the leading commercial city west of the Mississippi River, will have the effect of securing at an early day such a building, to be erected by the government, as will be an ornament to the city. At the last session of Congress, a bill to appropriate funds to pur- chase the ground and commence the erection of a building was intro- duced and referred to the proper committee, where it was favorably received, and it is confidently anticipated that the appropriation will be secured at the next session of Congress, through the earnest' efforts of our representative, Hon. Nicholas Ford, who has, since his election, labored with an eye single to this object. GLUCOSE WORKS. The Glucose Works constitute another grand enterprise which has been inaugurated in St. Joseph during the past year, which, although not creating so much general interest as the Union Depot or Water Works, has been a very great addition to our manufacturing interests. Glucose is from the Greek word signifying " sweet," and, generally speaking, is the sugar or sweet product that comes from fruits, grain. WHOLESALE DRUG HOUSE OF SAMUEL L SMITH. THE BUELL MANUFACTURING COMPANY'S WOOLEN MILL. HISTORY OF ST. JOSEPH. 6of peas, beans, potatoes or anything that will make starch. It differs from the product of sugar cane, the maple tree and beet roots, which is called by chemists " sucrose," in the fact that glucose will not crytallize or granulate, at least not readily. Chemically speaking, the glucose of commerce is the same as that which comes from grapes, and is seen on the surface of raisins, etc., and from this the solid glucose takes its name of grape sugar. The grape sugar, therefore, of commerce, is glucose in solid form, while the product in liquid form is also called glucose syrup. Each bushel of corn makes from twenty-six to thirty pounds of glucose, which brings from two and a half to four cents per pound. It is mostly used in the liquid form, for mixing with dark colored cane syrup to make light colored table syrup. The glucose syrup has scarcely any flavor, and so cane syrup is used as a base, though many of our table syrups are at least ninety per cent, glucose. Scarcely any candy is made now-a-days that does not contain more or less glucose. Some of the candy contains as high as ninety per cent, of the product. Experienced chemists say that it is a wholesome diet when properly prepared, but they .advise the exercise of great care in its preparation. The St. Joseph Glucose Company was formed in June, 1880, with A. M. Saxton as President and Treasurer ; John B. Hundley, Vice President ; W. W. Macfarland, Secretary ; John L. Hotter, General Manager ; W. Y. Selleck, Chemist and Superintendent of Manufactory. The name of the company is " The St. Joseph Refining Company.'' It has all of the latest improved machinery, and a capacity for making up 3,000 bushels of corn daily. The building is situated in South St. Joseph, and covers over an acre of ground. The city Water Works Company have laid their pipes to the building, and the water will be turned on whenever called for. The factory is located on two lines of railroad, the Wabash, St. Louis and Pacific, and the Hannibal and St. Joseph. The fall of water from the water works reservoirs to the factory is over 300 feet, and the pipes are so arranged that the water can be communicated to all points of the factory at a moment's notice. There will be employed altogether about the works about one hunred and fifty hands, and many wagons, trucks, etc. STAR PRESERVING WORKS. Situated on South Fourth Street, in the premises formerly occupied by the Evans, Day & Co., Canning Factory, are the Star Preserving Works, owned and operated by Albert Fischer & Co. They have recently enlarged the premises with additional buildings until they cover nearly an entire square. Entirely new machinery has been introduced and extensive preparations made for an immense business. 6o8 HISTORY OF ST. JOSEPH. The capacity of the works are 40,000 cans, or 1,800 bushels of toma- toes per day, and from 1,000 to 1,200 bushels of peas. During the pre- serving season these works have about 250 employes upon their pay roll. PRODUCE PACKING. The packing of butter, eggs, apples, potatoes and other produce is assuming immense proportions, and as St. Joseph is situated in the heart of the finest agricultural district in the world, this industry must increase with each succeeding year. The following statistics of this branch of trade were supplied by the principal commission houses here for the year 1880 : No of bushels potatoes shipped from the city 100,000 No. of bushels apples packed and shipped from the city 216,250 No. dorzen eggs packed and shipped from the city 400,000 No, pounds butter packed and shipped from the city 880000 Total value of the shipments above noted {450,000 These figures do not include the sales of retail grocers, nor of pro- ducers to consumers in the city, and are exclusive of the fruits and vegetables packed in enormous quantities by the Preserving Works. THE BELL TELEPHONE. The first line erected west of the Mississippi River was put up in St. . Joseph; Missouri, in the fall of 1874, by John Kenmuir, manufacturing jeweler and watchmaker. This line extended from his store on Felix Street, between Fifth and Sixth, to his residence on the corner of Fourth and Angelique Streets. At that time, Mr. Kenmuir was general western agent for the company. The second line which he erected was from Dr. Banes' ofifice, on Felix Street, between Third and Fourth, to his residence on Convent Hill. The first telephone ever erected in the United States for fire-alarm purposes, was put up in St. Joseph, by John Kenmuir, and extended from one engine house to the next, in regular succession, connecting the entire system within the the city limits. About a year after, having entire control in the city, by virtue of his general agency, he attempted to establish a telephone exchange. He attempted by means of circulars and notices in the daily papers to get up this exchange. His efforts were generally derided, and' little sympathy was expressed with his enterprise, until the fall of 1877, when Col. Alburger came up from Kansas City with a charter from the Bell Telephone Company, of Boston, Mass., authorizing the establishment of a system in St. Joseph, and turned the same over to John Kenmuir. By virtue of this charter, the said John Kenmuir became President, P. L. B. HISTORY OF ST. JOSEPH. 609 Combs, Secretary ; Joseph Corby, Treasurer. They immediately started the St. Joseph Telephone Exchange, with 250 subscribers. The original exchange was located in the rear of John Kenmuir's watch making and jewelry establishment, on Felix Street. The lines radiated thence, east and west, north and south, all over the city. In September, 1880, John Kenmuir, the father of the telephone in St. Joseph, withdrew from the company, and was succeeded by Joseph Corby. MILITARY. The military force of the city consists of two battalions, composed of five companies of infantry, all superbly equipped and exceedingly well drilled. Thj second battalion of the National Guard of Missouri, con- sisting of Company A, Captain Osborn ; Company B, Captain Saltzman, Company C, Captain Dowe, was organized, with Major Joseph Hansen in command. The Saxton Rifle Battalion, National Guard of Missouri, is composed of Company A, Captain Donovan and Company B, Captain Corby, with Major Condon as commanding oiificer. The military companies of St. Joseph embrace much of the wealth and high social standing of the city, and this fact coupled with the high character of their organization gives them such prestige as few other military organizations enjoy. THE FIRST TELEGRAPH LINE built to St. Joseph was completed to that point on the day of the inaug- uration of President Franklin Pierce. The first dispatch to come over this line to St. Joseph, was his inaugural address. The name of the telegraph operator who received this message, was Peter Lovell. His office was on the southwest corner of Second and Jule Streets. The forces of the Adventure and of the Gazette printing offices, combined to set up this long dispatch. George Leader, now (1881) of Nodaway County, Colonel J. H. R. Cundiff, afterwards editor and pub- lisher of the St. Joseph Gazette, and subsequently of the St. Louis Times, Samuel Cundiff, now of Texas, Captain F. M. Posegate, President of the Steam Printing Company, and for seveal years Postmaster of St. Joseph — these four then constituted the force of the Adventure. Leroy D. Carter, now of Andrew County, C. M. Thompson, of St. Joseph, H. C. Patchen, now of Atchison, Kansas, and Ralph Cabanias, composed the Gazette force. The latter was a Mexican who had come to St. Joseph with an officer of Doniphan's command at the close of the Mexican war, and had afterwards learned the printing business in the Gazette office. He is now (1881) a printer in the City of Mexico. 6io HISTORY OF ST. JOSEPH. TELEGRAPH STATISTICS. The following are the statistics collected relating to the operation and amount of business transacted by the various telegraph companies in this city during 1880 : NAMES OF COMPANIES. 2 1 1 1- Western Union 2 I I 2 2 I I I I I 16 ri 6 8 4 3 4 2 2 2 6 3 2 6 5 2 2 I I I 16 12 4 K. C, St. J. & C. B. R. R. Co St. J. & W. R. R. Co W., St. L. & P. R. W. Co H. & St. J. R. R. Co M. P. R. R. Co C , R. I. & P. R. R. Co St. J. & D. M. R. R. Co 10 7 3 3 2 I 2 Total 13 58 29 60 WESTERN UNION STATISTICS. Number messages sent from office during year 1880 34,872 Number messages received and delivered by messengers 41,106 Number messages relayed 120,638 Number words of press report sent and received 2,178,797 Press report reduced to messages of thirty words .' 72,627 Total messages sent, received and relayed 269,243 AMERICAN UNION STATISTICS. Number messages sent during the year 1880 18,250 Number messages received during same time 7,30° Number messages relayed 1,826 Number of words of press report received 240,000 EXPRESS COMPANIES. There are four Express Companies doing business in the city. The oldest being the United States, in charge of J. A. Raynor, agent, which operates over the Kansas City, St. Joseph and Council Bluffs Railroad line. The American Express Company is under the superintendency of N. Worden, and operates upon the Hannibal and St. Joseph Railroad. The Pacific, with D. L. Bartlett in charge, is the newest candidate for public favor, and transacts busines over the St. Joseph and Western Division of the Union Pacific, the Missouri Pacific and the Wabash Railroads. HISTORY OF ST. JOSEPH. 6ll The St. Joseph Transfer and Express Company is a local organiza- tion, under the management of John Burlington, and it confines its operations to the local business of the city. The St. Joseph Omnibus Company also operates as a passenger and baggage transfer company to and from the various depots, its proprietors being J. A. Finer & Co. STATEMENT OF BUSINESS FOR 1880 OF ST. JOSEPH POSTOFFICE. MONEY ORDER DEPARTMENT. No. Issued. Amount. 9,195 Domestic $111,409,42 27 Canadian 539.40 ^^ , British 1,305.13 175 German 2,651.41 39 Swiss 555-50 4 Italian 1 19 , 00 7 French 214.14 No. Paid. ' Amount. 25,137 Domestic ■. $460,674. 14 17 Canadian 703.90 15 British 359-88 42 German 1,380.36 18 Swiss ,.... 527.67 2 Italian .52.12 84 Domestic orders repaid 920. 31 I German , . - ■ - 9.88 8,210 Certificates Deposit issued other offices 679,011.00 Remitted to other offices 335,804.00 Total Money Order transactions for 1880 1,596,237.26 CARRIERS' DEPARTMENT, Mail letters delivered 1,043,209 Local letters delivered . .■ 95,o6i Registered letters delivered . 12,250 Mail postals delivered 294,448 Local postals delivered 72,988 Newspapers delivered 802,190 Letters collected 681,812 Postals collected ' 257,867 Newspapers collected 129,918 REGISTERED LETTER DEPARTMENT. Registered letters in transit 20,123 Registered letters, city delivery '....'.. 22,238 Registered letters sent from city 2,477 6l2 HISTORY OF ST. JOSEPH. MISCELLANEOUS FACTS. Carriers employed Clerks employed , Route agents centering here Number of delivery trips daily Sales stamps, envelopes and postal cards Net revenue Number lock pouches and sacks received . ... Number lock pouches and sacks dispatched . . 10 lO 9 26 ■$54,395 36 . 42,254.68 37-968 21,443 Total number pieces sent in 1879 3.4S9>652 Total number pieces sent in 1880 4,024,170 Increase for 1880 564,518 INTERNAL REVENUE. The aggregate returns of internal revenue collected in this city for the past five years are as follows : January . . February . March . . April . . . May . . . June . . . July . . . August . . September . October . . November . December . 1876. 1877. 1878. 1879. 1 2,762 38 t 2,397 21 $ 2,726 01 $ 2,842 88 2,367 60 2,543 J9 2,765 03 2,656 41 2,873 87 2,562 60 2,846 50 3.258 13 9989 15 10,252 51 10,526 28 10,712 59 10,263 84 '0.4S3 75 10,176 SI 11,249 33 3,583 56 4,036 60 3.817 IS 4341 97 3 665 67 4,168 89 4,074 30 4.586 40 3.433 94 4.440 S3 4.505 32 4,759 63 3,46s 28 4,271 74 4,218 12 4,615 2? 3.232 40 3,643 83 3.319 25 4,596 82 2,496 35 3,231 31 3.8§9 II 4.057 65 2,601 97 3.160 35 3.204 17 3,757 62 $50,736 01 tS5,i62 51 *56,o77 75 $61,434 71 1880. $ 3,862 77 3,818 88 3918 64 12,533 19 10,482 91 4,796 22 S.442 34 5,162 48 4665 64 4,277 53 3,470 93 3,729 90 This does not include the taxes paid by the banks here, nor coUec- lections from sales of stamps for rectified spirits. The following are the total collections in the Sixth District of Mis- souri of internal revenue from all sources during the year 1880: January , $ 35,050 14 February 11,638 95 March .. 14,23121 April 42,996 13 May 32,75318 June 18,59148 July ^...,. ;;; 41,41865 August 15,60912 September 16,202 22 HISTORY OF ST. JOSEPH. 613 October 16,086 94 November 14,672 26 December 16,227 87 Total $275,478 15 GRAIN. It is with much pride and satisfaction that reference is made to the year just closed as one which will mark an epoch in the history of our city ; and while nearly all branches of our far-reaching commerce have been in a very satisfactory and healthy condition, and a very large and profitable trade consummated, the same cannot be said of the grain interest in a local point of view. While it is true that several gentlemen connected with the Board are largely engaged in the business on the various lines of roads tributary to St. Joseph, ^the grain handled by them, which should be emptied into elevators at this point, is diverted to Chi- cago, St. Louis, and other eastern cities by the railroad companies, thereby giving the roads the full benefit of a high tariff from country points direct. This is, in reality, systematic discrimination by the rail- roads against the city in the matter of terminal freight rates on grain to this point. It cannot be otherwise than that this practice is detrimental to the best interests and future greatness of the city as a commercial .center, a great injury and hardship to the farmer by whose toil and sweat the grain is produced, and very discreditable to the roads themselves. There can be but one remedy suggested for this state of affairs. It would seem reasonable that if the railroad companies terminating at St. Joseph, would afford facilities for storing grain in elevators here, as is done elsewhere, and concede terminal rates in proportion to the distance hauled, it would be a long stride in the direction of settling this much vexed question, and work incalculable good to the city. The section of country tributary to St. Joseph, and which is trav- ersed by no less than six railroads, is one of great agricultural richness, and the various cereals are grown in the highest perfection, and to an extent surprising even to the best informed. Therefore, if the facilities above indicated were afforded, men of tact and energy, as well as means, would be attracted to our city to engage in handling these most impor- tant commercial products, who, for the reasons given, are unable to cope with those already engaged in this branch of trade. In the face of these difiSculties, however, it appears that an immense amount of grain has been received and forwarded from this city inde- pendent of the grain handled by dealers here, but shipped through to eastern markets. The local figures show as follows : 6 14 HISTORY OF ST. JOSEPH. Bushels corn received and forwarded 10,000,000 Bushels wheat SiOOO,ooo Bushels other grain . 3,000,000 It is estimated that double the number of bushels given above annu- ally pass through the city on the different lines of road operated, con- signed to St. Louis, Chicago or other eastern markets. CITY FINANCES. LIABILITIES. River and Wharf Improvement bonds $ 88,000 St. Joseph & Topeka Railroad bonds 49,800 City Improvement bonds 3^)^°° Funding bonds 125,700 St. Joseph & Denver City Railroad bonds 431,500 Missouri Valley Railroad bonds 150,000 St. Joseph Bridge bonds 500,000 Total $1,381,600 Accrued interest coupons $328,400 Outstanding general fund warrants 40,000 368,400 Total debt , $1,750,000 ASSETS. City Hall and Market Square property $100,000 Hook and Ladder house and lot 1 2,000 Fatee Town Market House and grounds 15,000 ' Sixth Street Market House and grounds 10,000 Smith's Park 20,000 Patee Park • • • • 15,000 South St. Joseph Park 5,000 City scales and grounds 15,000 City workhouse and grounds 13,000 Other city lots 10,000 Value of property of Fire Department 25,000 Value of other personal property 10,000 Total assets $ 250,00*;, Value of real property (assessed half real value) 5,?23i784. Value of personal propwty (assessed half real value) 3,294i4S;^ Total resources for revenue $9,268,2^! Total estimated value of property in city 20,000,000 The entire indebtedness of the city is now being refunded in twenty-year four per cent, interest bearing bonds at par. Between $750,000 and $800,000 have already been refunded, and there is a fair prospect for refunding the balance. In consequence of the extensive improvements in progress, it is estimated that the assessment lists for 188 1, even -at the reduced valua- tion, will exceed $10,000,000. CONVENT OF THE SACRED HEART. THE CHRISTIAN BROTHER'S COLLEGE. CHAPTER XII. MEDICAL COLLEGES— BANKS AND BANKERS— INSURANCE COMPANIES-REAL ESTATE ASSOCIATIONS-HOTELS — MANUFACTURING INTERESTS - MILLS AND MANUFAC- TORIES—WHOLESALE HOUSES. ST. JOSEPH HOSPITAL MEDICAL COLLEGE. Five years ago the founders of the St. Joseph Hospital Medical Col- lege, believing that in this day of advancement in the science of medicine and surgery it had become necssary to establish a school of medicine in the City of St. Joseph, for the education of young men for the profession, and thus afford an opportunity west of some of the larger cities of the country for the student of limited means, who was unable to take advan- tage of the older Eastern schools, such facilities for a thorough medical training, undertook, not without some misgivings, the organization of the present school of medicine. By a persistent adherence to the well- established landmarks of the profession, and the rules governing medical schools elsewhere, the institution has steadily advanced, and each year has witnessed new triumphs and rallied new friends to its support, thus assuring its future continued success. The character of its graduates during this time has been such as to merit the approbation of the medical profession, and the confidence and esteem of the public, and all of them are to-day occupying lucrative fields in the West, battling for the higher advancement of medical edu- cation, against the ignorance which formerly prevailed to so large an extent in the newly-settled region of country by which we were sur- rounded. It is the desire of the faculty to build up, in this beautiful city of the Missouri Valley, a school of medicine which shall be an honor to the profession as well as its founders, and here at home fit young men for the successful practice of medicine in this enlightened age. Our city is noted throughout the Northwest for the high character of its educa- tional institutions, and the results of the past four years have demon- strated that it is also as well adapted for the maintenance of a reputable medical school. The College, located on Second Street, between Francis and Jule, has been entirely remodeled, and contains, on the first and second floors, two large amphitheaters, dispensary, museum and laboratory, and on the third floor one of the largest dissecting rooms in the West. HISTORY OF ST. JOSEPH, bl/ Board of Trustees — Wm. M. Wyeth, Esq., President; J. W. Bailey, Esq., Vice President ; T. J. Chew, Esq., Secretary; J. M. D. France, M. D., Treasurer ;. E. S. Dulin, D. D., R. L. McDonald, Joseph D. Smith, M. D., Hon. Bennett Pike, R. E. Turner, Milton Tootle, Wm. Kneer, Charles F. Knight, M. D., Winslow Judson, Hon. John Doniphan. Faculty — Charles F. Knight, M. D., Professor of Obstetrics, Clinical Midwifery and Diseases of Women and Children, President of the Fac- ulty; Joseph D, Smith, M. D., Professor Principles and Practice of Sur- gery and Clinical Surgery; J. M. D. France, M. D., Professor of Materia Medica, Therapeutics and Medical and Surgical Clinics, Secretary of the Faculty; Thomas H. Doyle, M. D., Professor Principles and Practice of Medicine and Clinical Medicine ; Wm. B. Craig, M. D., Professor of Anatomy and Orthopedic Surgery; D. I. Christopher, M. D., Professor of Physiology, Opthalmology and Otology; Hiram Christopher M. D., Pro- fessor of Chemistry and Toxicology; Wm. B. Craig, M. D., Demonstra- tor of Anatomy; J. M. Richmond, A. M., M. D., Clinical Lecturer on Diseases of the Genito-Urinary System ; Hon. John Doniphan, Lecturer on Medical Jurisprudence ; George C. Catlett, M. D., Superintendent State Lunatic Asylum No. 2, Lecturer on Diseases of the Mind and Nervous System ; C. J. Siemens, M. D., Lecturer on Diseases of Child- ren ; A. V. Banes, M. D., Lecturer on Clinical Surgery; F. E. Bullock, M, D., Assistant Demonstrator of Anatomy. COLLEGE OF PHYSICIANS AND SURGEONS. Thfe College of Physicians and Surgeons of St. Joseph, Missouri, was founded ill June, 1879; by a number of the leading physicians of Northwest Missouri, among whom we find : Doctors Hugh Trevor, E. A. Donelan, W. L Heddens, W. H. Bryant, Jacob Geiger and J. W. Heddens. The references of the college embrace some of the best citizens of St. Joseph and vicinity, among which are found the names of Jas. McCord, Hon. David Rea, B. R. Vineyard, D. M. Steele, Hon. N. Ford, Abe Furst, Col. A. M- Saxton, Hon. F. M. Posegate, O. M. Spencer, Ex. Governor Woodson, Louis Hax, etc., etc. This array of talent and business worth must satisfy the public at once as to the reliability and high character of the College of Physicians and Surgeons of St. Joseph, Missouri. Early in the fall of 1879, the Faculty of the college issued their first annual announcement informing the public that they were fully prepared and equipped to teach medicine and surgery' in all its branches, and would receive students on the 6th day of October, 1879. True to their announcement, they opened their first session in a beautiful suite of rooms in the large and magnificent Court House of Buchanan County*. 38 6l8 HISTORY OF ST. JOSEPH. The College was inaugurated by a public opening held on the evening of the 6th, and largely attended by the citizens of St. Joseph. The col- lege met with most flattering success, having a class of 31 students the first session, and in the spring of 1880 the Faculty conferred the degree of Doctor of Medicine upon fourteen gentlemen, at a public commence- ment held in Tootle's Grand Opera House. Such was the success of the college that in the summer of 1880 the Faculty were enabled to purchase a large and commodious building, to be used as a college and hospital This they fitted up in elegant style, having a large lecture hall, ample anatomical rooms, a free dispensary, where the poor of the city could be furnished medicine and treatment free of charge, together with wards in the hospital for the use of such patients as were confined to their beds, thus giving to the student at the college, not only the advantages of lec- tures and didactic teaching, but also of the bedside experience, so inval- uable tQ the practitioner of medicine and surgery. The second session of the College of Physicians and Surgeons opened in October, 1880, and was largely attended, the class numbering' seventy-seven, and in the spring of 188 1 the Faculty conferred the degree of M. D. upon fifteen young gentlemen. A few weeks after the close of this session the college was called upon to mourn the loss of Professor Hugh Trevor, B. A., M. D., a distinguished graduate of the University of Edinburgh, Scotland, who, after a life of usefulness, departed this' life to report to the Great Physician on high. In the death of Professor Trevor, the college lost one of its founders and a most earnest and inde- . fatigable Professor. The College of Physicians and Surgeons, though now only in its third year, has already taken a place in rank with the best colleges in the 'West, and receiving the support of the profession of the northwest^ it will ere long prove itself to be a blessing and honor to St. Joseph and the medical profession of the Northwest. Faculty — W. I. Heddens, M. D., Professor of Principles and Practice of Medicine, and Clinical Medicine, Dean ; Jacob Geiger, M. D., Profes- sor of Principles and Practice of Surgery, Orthopedic Surgery and Clini- cal Surgery, Secretary ; E. A. Donelan, M. D., Professor of Diseases of ■Women and Children, Treasurer ; W. H. Bryant, M. D., Professor of Obstetrics ; J. 'W. Heddens, M. D., Professor of Surgical and Descriptive- Anatomy, Demonstrator of Anatomy and Lecturer on Diseases of Genito^ Urinary Organs ; P. J. Kirschner, M. D. Professor of Physiology and Lecturer on Minor Surgery ; C. G. Hubbell, M. D., Professor of Chem- istry and Lecturer on Diseases of the Eye and Ear ; J. H. Stringfellow, M. D., Professor of Materia Medica and Therapeutics ; 'W. B. Davis, M. D., Lecturer on Diseases of the Nervous System ; C. H. Darby, D. D, S., Lecturer on Dental Surgery ; Ex-Governor Silas 'Woodson, Hon. H. S.. Kelley, Lecturers on Medical Jurisprudence. HISTORY OF ST. JOSEPH. 619 Board of Directors — W. I. Heddens, M. D., President ; Jacob Geiger, M. D. Secretary; J. W. Heddens, M. D.; C. G. Hubbell, M. D.; E. A. Donelan, M. D., Treasurer. THE NORTHWESTERN MEDICAL COLLEGE OF ST. JOSEPH, MISSOURI. On the nth of January, 1881, F. A. Simmons, M. D., S. F. Carpen- ter, M. D., J. P. Chesney, M. D., and J. T. Berghoff, M. D., adopted arti- cles of agreement, by which they associated themselves together for scientific and educational purposes, under the name of Northwestern Medical College. On the 15th day of said month, in the Buchanan County Circuit Court, a decree was n»ade, incorporating the Northwest- ern Medical College, clothed with all the rights, powers, privileges, immunities and franchises of a corporation, duly organized and incor- porated for scientific and educational purposes, under and by virtue of the laws of Missouri, in accordance with their said articles of agreement. These instruments, with the certificate of acknowledgement thereon indorsed, were put on record in the Recorder's office, on the 25th day of January, 1881, at 11:15 o'clock A. M., and were filed by Michael K. McGrath, Secretary of State, January 20th, 1881. The powers sfet forth in article 4th is -given to teach medicine, surgery, anatomy, and all collat- eral sciences ; to graduate such of its students as shall have passed a satisfactory examination ; confer upon them the degree of " Doctor of Medicine," and to award to them diplomas, and to do all other things that a medical college, duly established under and by virtue of the laws of Missouri, may of right do. Board of Incorporators — F. A. Simmons, M. D., S. F. Carpenter, M. D., J. P. Chesney, M. D., J. T. Berghoff", M. D. Officers — F. A. Simmons, M. D., President; S. F. Carpenter, M. D., Treasurer ; J. P. Chesney, M. D., Secretary. Legal Advisers — James P. Thomas, Esq., and James W. Boyd, Esq. Faculty — F. A. Simmons, M. D., Professor of the Theory and Prac- tice of Medicine ; S. F. Carpenter, M. D., Professor of Medical Chem- istry and Toxicology, and Lecturer on Diseases of the Chest ; J. P. Chesney, M. D., Professor of Obstetrics and Diseases of Women ; J. T. Berghoff; M. D., Professor of Surgery ; J. W. Holliday, M. D., Professor of Anatomy ; T. E. Potter, M. D., Professor of Physiology and Lecturer on Diseases of the Nervous System ; E. M. Manning, M. D., Professor of Materia Medica and Therapeutics; Samuel M. Dunn, M. D., Lecturer on Diseases of Children ; J. W. Chadduck, M. D., Lecturer on Dental Medicine and Surgery; D. F. Hanna, M. D., Lecturer on Minor Surgery and ^Syphilis, and Demonstrator of Anatomy; J. W. Boyd, A. B., Lec- turer on Medical Jurisprudence. 620 HISTORY OF ST. JOSEPH. BANKS AND BANKERS. Among the earliest attempts to supply the deficiency of banking ficilities in St. Joseph, was probably, in a limited way, that of John Corby, who is referred to in earlier issues of the Gazette as loaning money. The first to do a regular banking business, was ARMSTRONG BEATTIE, who first, in 1852", opened a private bank in the City Hotel, at the foot of Jule Street. He afterwards moi/ed his place of business to Second Street, between Jule and Francis, and finally to the west side of Third Street, between Felix and Edmond, where he continued to transact the business of his b^nk, up to the period of his death, which occurred July 26, 1878. THE FARMERS' AND MECHANICS' SAVINGS INSTITUTION, was a joint stock company, organized with a capital stock of $75,000. It was chartered in 1853, with Washington Jones, President, and Joseph C. Hull, Cashier, and immediately went into operation. This was the first bank chartered in St. Joseph, and, during the twelve years of its exist- ence, was a highly successful institution. During that period it paid an average dividend of fifteen per cent. In 1865, this corporation merged into the First National Bank of St. Joseph. THE BUCHANAN LIFE AND GENERAL INSURANCE COMPANY, was organized, with banking privileges, about 1857. J. B. Jennings was its first President, and N. J. McAshan its first Secretary and Treasurer. The capital stock of the concern was $20,000. This company did a fire and marine insurance, as well as.^a general banking business, up to the period of the breaking out of the war, when it confined itself exclusively to the latter till the year 1878, when it ceased to do business. About the period of its becoming exclusively a banking institution, A. G. Mansfield was elected President. In 1865, he was succeeded by George T. Hoagland, who remained in the position till its suspension. James L. O'Neil was Secretary from 1858 to 1862, when he was succeeded by John Williams, who remained till the final closing out of the business of the bank. THE WESTERN BANK was organized in April, 1859, and went into operation on the first day of May, following, with Milton Tootle, President, and Bela M. Hughes, Cashier. Its authorized capital was one million dollars. Besides the HISTORY OF ST. JOSEPH. 621I parent bank in St. Joseph, there were three branches ot this institution, located, severally, at Bloomington, Fulton and Glasgow. Jas L. O'Neill became Cashier, succeeding Bela M. Hughes in 1862. In 1865, O'Neill died, and two years after the bank went into liquidation. A. P. Goff wound up th^e business of the bank. THE STATE SAVINGS BANK, was first, in 1859, organized as a branch of the State Bank of Missouri. Robert M. Donnell was first President, and A. M. Saxton, Cashier. In February, 1866, this institution was organized as the State National Bank, with L. M. Lawson, President; A. M. Saxton, Cashier, and C. B. France, Assistant Cashier. In 187 1, this was reorganized under the name and style of the State Savings Bank, with A. M. Saxton, President and C. B. France, Cashier. In May, 1881, A. M. Saxton withdrew from the corporation and Charles B. France was elected President. R. L. McDonald was chosen Vice President, and E. Lindsay, Cashier. The capital of this bank is (1881) one hundred thousand dollars, and the surplus seventy-five thousand dollars. The elegant building, owned and occupied by the State Savings Bank, stands on the southeast corner of Fourth and Felix Streets. It was erected at a cost of about $25,000, and has been continuously occu- pied by the banking houses of the above mentioned corporation since its erection, about 1859. JOHN COLHOUN & CO., BANKERS, commenced business June 9th, 1864, in the building formerly occupied by the Methodist Episcopal Church South, on the northeast corner of Third and Felix Streets. The firm consisted pf John Colhoun and David Finger ; the business was conducted by John Colhoun, assisted by W. B. Johnson and William Dixon. In the year 1865, David Pinger erected, for the use of this banking firm, the fine bank building now occupied by 'the Bank of St. Joseph. The business of this firm was conducted most successfully till the year 1871, when the partnership expired, and. the business of the bank was transferred to a new institution, organized under the general banking law of the State, and called the Colhoun Bank. The bank building was sold by Mr. Pinger to the German Savings Bank. THE FIRST NATIONAL BANK was organized and chartered in 1865; Wm. Zook, President; Joseph C. Hull, Cashier. Wm. Zook was succeeded by Thos. E. Tootle, in 1868. The building was the property of Tootle and McLaughlin, and is situ» ated on the corner of Third and Francis Streets. » 622 HISTORY OF ST. JOSEPH. On the 7th day of August, 1878, in consequence of having sustained a robbery of $19,700, this bank decided to wind up and cease their busi- ness. ^ THE GERMAN SAVINGS BANK was chartered in the spring of 1869; G. H. Koch, President and I. G. Kappner, Cashier; with a capital stock of $100,000, of which $25,000 was paid up when they went into liquidation, August, 15, 1876. THE COLHOUN BANK was incorporated May 5, 1871. Authorized capital, $500,000. Incor- porators—William Zook, John Colhoun, W. B. Johnson, John R. Bell, J. D. McNeely, Milton Tootle and Robert P. Richardson. The officers of the bank were William Zook, President ; John Colhoun, Cashier ; W. B. Johnson, Assistant Cashier ; William Dixon, Book-keeper. In March, 1874, the authorized capital was reduced to $300,000, and the whole amount called in. In October, 1875, a proposition was submitted and accepted for a consolidation of the Colhoun Bank with the St. Joseph Savings Bank, under the style of the Colhoun Savings Bank, which con- solidation went into effect December i, 1875. The Colhoun Bank ©ccupied the building of W. G. Farleigh, on the southeast corner of Third and Felix Streets. ST. JOSEPH SAYINGS BANK was incorporated June, 1873 ; authorized capital, $150,000, and com- menced business on the first day of July, at the northwest corner of Market Square and Felix Street. The incorporators were : Isaac T. Hosea, Wm. B. Johnson, Wm. Kneer, Wm. H. Floyd, Ferdinand Westheim6r, N. F. Baldwin and John D. Flint. The officers of the bank were : Isaac T. Hosea, President ; Wm. H. Floyd, Vice President ; W. B. Johnson, Cashier ; Samuel W; Campbell, Assistant Cashier. This bank continued in successful operation till December ist, 1875, when it consolidated with the Colhoun Bank, and organized the Colhoun Savings Bank. THE BANK OF ST. JOSEPH was organized in December, 1874, first in a building on the corner of Felix and Fifth Streets, with C. F. Burnes, President, and R. P. Richard- son, Cashier. In August, 1876, this corporation purchased the good will and building of the German Savings Bank, on the northeast corner of Third and Felix Streets, and moved into that elegant structure, which it has since continued to#occupy. The present (1881) officers of this bank HISTORY OF ST. JOSEPH. 623 are C. F. Burnes, President, and George C. Hull, Cashier. The paid up cash capital of the bank, as shown by the last statement, is $83,850. THE COLHOUN SAVINGS BANK, a consolidation of the Colhoun Bank and the St. Joseph Savings Bank, commenced business on the first day of December, 1875, in the building formerly occupied by the Colhoun Bank, southeast corner of Third and Felix Streets ; capital stock paid in, $100,000. The Directors were : John Colhoun, Milton Tootle, Isaac Weil, James Kay, Isaac T. Hosea, William H. Floyd and Wm. Kneer. The officers of the bank were : Isaac T. Hosea, President ; Milton Tootle, Vice President ; John Col- houn, Cashier ; W. B. Johnson, Assistant Cashier ; Wm. Dixon, Book- keeper. On the 9th day of May, 1878, this bank ceased to do business, sold its fixtures, and turned over its business to the banking firm of Schuster, Hax & Co., its successors having appointed W. B. Johnson to wind up the business. SCHUSTER, HAX & CO.'S BANKING HOUSE occupies the building formerly occupied by the Colhoun Bank and the Colhoun Savings Bank, having succeeded to the business of the latter institution. They commenced business May 9th, 1878. The firm con- sists of A. N. Schuster, Louis Hax, John Colhoun and James N. Burnes. The business is managed by John Colhoun, Cashier, assisted by Wm. Dixon. THE MERCHANTS' BANK commenced business August 8, 1878, as successors to the First National, in the building on the southwest corner of Francis and Third Streets, formerly occupied by the latter institution. The officers of the Mer- chants' Bank are (1881) Thomas E. Tootle, President ; John B. Hundley, Vice President, and Thos. W. Evans, Cashier. Capital stock, the first year,$25,ooo. This was increased, during the second year, to $50,000, INSURANCE COMPANIES. St. Joseph, for years past, ^s may be supposed, has had, represented in her midst, every leading insurance company in the United States, as well as not a few similar institutions from different states of the Old World. The spirit of enterprise, however, has led to the establishment of kindred associations at home. 624 HISTORY OF ST. JOSEPH. THE MERCHANTS' INSURANCE COMPANY OF ST. JOSEPH, MISSOURI, was organized in 1866, with a capital of $200,000. The first president of this company was Thomas E. Tootle, and the first secretary, A. P. Goff, who remained in office till 1869, when he was succeeded by John Nicely, In January, 1873, D. M. Steele was elected President; R. L. McDonald. Vice President, and Arthur Kirkpatrick, Secretary. Since that period, the same officers have teen continuously re-elected, and now (1881) hold these several positions. It is the only local insurance company now in existence in the city, and does a prosperous business. THE ST. JOSEPH FIRE AND MARINE INSURANCE COMPANY was chartered December 27, 1867. January 9th, r868, J. W. Bailey was installed President ; G. W. Samuels, Vice President, and A. P. Goff, Sec- retary.. The directors of the company were, J. W. Bailey, A. Beattie, J. R. Willis, D. M. Steele, Silas Woodson, John Corby,, George Buell, Milton Tootle, G. W. Samuel and D. Pinger. In 1879, the company wound up its business and closed out, paying back the subscribed stock with good premium. THE REAL ESTATE AND SAVINGS ASSOCIATION OF ST. JOSEPH., was organized in 1870, with an authorized capital of six hundred thousand dollars, in shares of six hundred dollars each. Two hundred and thirty-eight shares were subscribed for, and the amount represented, one hundred and forty-two thousand eight hundred dollars, fully paid up. The association was chartered by the state, with authority to buy and sell real estate, loan money, etc. The first officers of the associa- tion were Arthur Kirkpatrick, President; B. S. Carter, Secretary, and James Hull, Treasurer. In 1872, George Hull, succeeded B. S. Carter as Secretary. The other officers remained in their several positions to the winding up of the affairs of the company, five years after its organiza- tion. During the entire period of its existence the association was a financial success, the books showing a profit to the stockholders of eleven per cent, per annum on their several investments. HOTELS. Among the earliest institutions, for the entertaiinment of the travel- ing public in St. Joseph is the HISTORY OF ST. JOSEPH. 625 OCCIDENTAL HOTEL, on the northeast corner of Main and Jule Streets. It was formerly . styled the City Hotel. The building, which is of brick, was erected in 1846, by William Fowler, the pioneer Circuit and County Clerk of Buchanan County. It is, considering the early date of its origin, spa- cious, containing thirty-five rooms, many of which are of unusual size. It is still (1881) a popular and well patronized house. THE ALLEN HOUSE, on the corner of Fourth and Sylvanie Streets, now (1881) kept as the Griffith House, is one of the old landmarks. THE MISSOURI HOTEL, on Edmond Street, near the corner of Market Square, has long ceased to be known as such, and only forms one of the endless continuation of stores which line the street. THE EDGAR HOUSE, built in 1850, on the corner of Francis and Main Streets, was afterwards long known as the Planter's House. It was at one time the property of John Abell, who kept a hotel in it a year. It has long ceased to fulfill that purpose. THE ATLANTIC HOTEL, on Eighth Street, between Messanie and Locust, was built in 1859, ^"'^ opened as a hotel. It was then styled the Batchele House. It is a large three-Story brick, containing thirty-one rooms. The present (1881) pro- prietor is W. H. Love. THE GALT HOUSE, on Third Street, corner of Angelique, was originally the Snearley House. It has been known' by the former name since 1873. It is now (188 1) kept by J. M. and J. B. Talbot. Among the more prominent of the early -settlers of St. Joseph was John Saunders, Sr. Mr. Saunders was born in Richmond, Virginia, October 10, 1797. In 1843, he settled in St. Joseph, which he continued to make his home up to the period of his death, which occurred October 10, 1870, his seventy-third birth day. In 1850, he built, for a residence, what is now a portion of a large brick building known as the 626 HISTORY OF ST. JOSEPH. SAUNDERS HOUSE, •on Third Street. It was at one time occupied as a school. In 1858, an extensive addition was made to the building and it was opened by the proprietor as a hotel. Richard and John Saunders, Jr., sons of the builder and owner of this house, who were then living in Nodaway County, Missouri, came down to St. Joseph in 1862 and bought out their father. They continued to keep a highly popular house here till April, 1877, when they sold to Moore & Stall. In September, 1880, Mr. Moore died, and the house has since been conducted in a highly popular style by C. G. Stall. THE BACON HOUSE, on the southwest corner Third and Jule Streets, was established by the present, (i88i) proprietor, E. E. Bacon, in i860, enlarged 1877, again in 1879, '^"d latterly in r88i. It is well kept and liberally patronized. THE PATEE HOUSE, ' one of the most spacious and elegant structures ever erected in the north- west, was built by that enterprising pioneer, John Patee, who settled in St. Joseph in 1845. His farm of 320 acres, which he purchased at the rate of $13 per acre, he afterwards laid out in lots, and to-day (1881) it includes a populous and well-built section of thd city, known as Patee- town. The foundation of the Patee House was laid in the fall of 1856. In the fall of 1858, this stately edifice was completed, at a cost of one hun- dred and thirty thousand dollars and furnished at a cost of twenty thousand dollars. It was first leased, as a hotel, to G. W. Alden, of Phil- adelphia, for three years, at the rate of $6,000 for the first year, $8,000 for the second and $10,000 for the third year. Before the close of the first year, Alden, failing to make his payments, gave up the house, and was succeeded by Minor, of Chicago, who kept it one year. A man by the name of Espy then kept the house for about two years. He died from the effects of a fall from one of the hotel windows. He was suc- ceeded by Elijah Patee, a son of the owner of the building. Dougherty & Worden afterwards kept the house. The last man to keep a hotel in the building, was James H. Bagwell, who took charge of the same on the burning of the Pacific, in 1868. During the war, the house was raffled off in a lottery and drawn by Mr. John Patee, himself It has since experienced various fortunes, remaining idle for long periods — then again subserving the purposes of schools and colleges as referred to in our mention of those interests. HISTORY OF ST. JOSEPH. 637 THE PACIFIC HOUSE, on the corner of Third and Francis Streets, was built in the winter of 1859 and i860. At that time, its principal front was on Francis Street. Its cost was $120,000. It was opened and kept for some time by Lounds- herry. Shackleford and Hughes soon after succeeded him in the pro- prietorship. In 1865, William K. Richardson was keeping the house. He was succeeded by James H. Bagwell, who continued to keep it till liecember 15, 1868, when it was totally destroyed by fire. In the following summer, it was rebuilt, with its main front on Third Street, and February 14, 1870, it was opened by Garth, Gilkey & Abell. Two years after. Garth retired from the partnership, and Gilkey & Abell continued the business till the expiration of their lease in Decem- ber, 1879, when the building was closed for repairs. The sum of $10,000 was expended for this purpose. April i, 1880, Kitchen Bros., the present (188 1) proprietors opened the best house ever kept in the building. THE ST. JAMES HOTEL, formerly the Heaton House, was opened October i, 1880, by James Her- son. It is pleasantly located on the corner of Sixth and Francis Streets, and is a well kept and highly popular house. An addition of 45x52 feet three and a half stories high, is being made. This will render the entire depth of the building 120 feet. The street car line turns the corner near which this hotel stands. THE ST. CHARLES HOTEL, on the corner of Charles and Fifth Streets, was opened September ist, 1880, by the present proprietor, C. Q. Lewis, who made large additions to the original building, which he entirely remodeled. In the fall of 1881, an addition of thirty-five rooms is to be made, rendering it one of the largest hotels in the city. It is an excellent house. THE HUTTON HOUSE, on the corner of Ninth and Felix Streets, was completed in the summer of 1881. It is a handsome brick structure, modern in all its appoint- ments and well kept. 628 HISTORY OF ST. JOSEPH. TRADE AND COMMERCE- MANUFACTURES. As a manufacturing point, our city grows in importance with great rapidity. During the past year, several new and important enterprises have been added to the already large list, among which are the Glucose Manufactory and the reorganization of the Fruit Canning establishment. The importance of keeping the subject of manufactures constantly agi- tated, cannot easily be exaggerated. Capital invested in manufactures is productive of greater benefit to the city than the same amount employed in any other way, from the very fact that it adds to the pop- ulation, and therefore helps trade in all its branches. The permanency of .manufactures when once established, also secures to every manufac- turing city sure and steady progress. In order that St. Joseph may be made what she should be — the great manufacturing center of the West — it is only necessary that the subject be constantly agitated, and that her advantages, and the success of many manufacturing enterprises already located here, be made known. In addition to the flouring and woolen mills, foundries, furniture factories, wagon and Carriage factories, cracker and glucose factories, broom factories, establishments for turning out saddles, collars and harness, and other industries which add so much to the wealth and general prosperity of the city, and furnish employment for so many of our most valued citizens, and which are already located here, St. Joseph needs many more. The past has been generous to our manufacturing interests, but the, future has in store gifts of even greater importance and in increased numbers. St. Joseph needs and would liberally support cotton and woolen mills, soap factories, tobacco factories, tanneries, paper mills, bag facto- ries, rolling mills, stove foundries, glass works, nail mills, carpet mills,, oil mills, distilleries, implement works, flour mills, starch factories, wire works, grape sugar factories, packing establishments,, match factories, wooden and willow ware factories, and ore reducing and smelting works. MANUFApTURING STATISTICS. It will be noticed by a careful examination of the table here given, that the products of St. Joseph manufactories are growing to immense , proportions, the actual figures of which are greatly in excess of any city west of St. Louis — showing a production of nearly $13,000,000 for the year 1880. The figures given below were carefully compiled from statistics col- lected by Willis M. Sherwood, Esq., Special Enumerator far the Govern- HISTORY OF ST- JOSEPH. 629 ment, from the records of his office, by special permission of General Francis A. Walker, Superintende'nt of the Tenth Census, for the use of the Board of Trade : KINDS OF MANUFACTORIES. Dairies Stone quarries ■, Nurseiies '. . . Cigars Boots and shoes Carriages and blacksmiths Bakeries and crackers Brick yards Ornamental wood working and furniture Printing, publishing and binding . . . Foundries, machinery, etc . . . ^ . . Contractors Beer, ale, wine, vinegar, etc Flour, grist and woolen mills Slaughtering (including Buchanan Co.) . Miscellaneous Total 83,119,908 Seal and Personal Property I Invested i 10,100 11,500 11,500 28,350 66 200 69,200 143,000 98,650 185,000 138,000 313,000 145,190 265.423 358,300 682,490 594.005 Greatest No. of Hands Employed. 35 88 35 123 '55 163 124 682 184 188 233 781 125 228 480 1,076 Amount of Wages Paid. 4,800 9,530 6,450 33.467 45,926 54,000 36,121 177,465 152,840 107,640 86,720 257 099 38,870 58,400 124,770 281,009 Value of Material in Dollars. % 18.000 17,700 66,200 76,566 107,460 74.665 263,060 139,890 286,300 109 908 211,900 387344 291,569 682,045 3393.312 1,663,772 4.700 $1,425. 187 $7,729,691 812902,115 Value of Products in Dollars. 25 000 69,200 28,750 134.390 198,500 167,550 415,627 527.750 573.350 284,575 389.620 845.150 862,709 1,219,000 4321,607 2,839,337 One of the earliest enterprises in the way of manufactures in St. Joseph, was the foundry, established on St. Joseph Avenue, in 1855, by T. W. Keys. This, with the exception of a small foundry at Lexington, was the first enterprise of the kind west of St. Louis. The power of this foundry was two yoke of oxen. The first pig iron melted in St. Joseph was run here in 1856. This foundry was operated till 1858, when Mr. Keys erected on the corner of Eighth and Messanie Streets, the building now (1881) occupied by the foundry of Crowthers & Rogers, which gives employment to thirty hands. Mr. Keys leased this in April, 1863, to John Burnside. The firm afterwards became Burnside, Crowther & Co. Mr. John Burnside subsequently retired from the partnership. The foundry of J. W. Ambrose & Co., on the corner of Eighth and Monterey Streets, was established in 1871. Between sixty and seventy hands are here employed. The machine shops of Niles, Riblett & Co., on Patee Street, between Sixth and Seventh, was opened in September, 1880, by Chase, Riblett &Co. They closed August 1st, 1 88 1. The Vulcan Iron Works, corner Sixth and Patee Streets, established ' July 1st, 1880, employ an average force of fifteen men. CANDY FACTORIES. August Vegely, candy manufacturer and tropical fruit dealer, started in St. Joseph in 1852. 630 HISTORY OF ST. JOSEPH. William Kneer, in the same line of business, now (r88r) on the south side of Market Square, was first established in 1862. His average annual business is $100,000. F. L. Sommer & Co. also manufacture candy. A manufactory of POTTERY was for some time carried on by Peter Habig, on the northeast corner of Main and Faraon Streets. This was not in active operation in 188 1. R. Wilson & Co. carry on a BOX FACTORY on Second Street north of Felix. They employ seven hands. Lucas Bros, established, on the same street, a SHOW CASE FACTORY in 1878. This now employs five hands. THE TRUNK FACTORY of F. Endebrock, on Second Street, was established in 1880. He employs a force of twelve hands. BOOKBINDERS, JOB PRINTERS, ETC. Of these there are, in the city in 1881, the St. Joseph Steam Printing Company, C. P. Kingsbury, Geo. Rees, J. H. McGuire, J. J. Sheridan, John Combe, T. H. Hail, E. D. Ford, G. A. Heschong, and John Nusser, most of whom have good offices and turn out a nice class of work. The most extensive is that of the St. Joseph Steam Printing Company. The St. Joseph Steam Printing Company was established June i, 1870, by F. M. Posegate and John W. Johnson, on the southwest corner of Fifth and Francis Streets, under the firm name of Posegate & John- son. June 5, 1872, it was incorporated as the St. Joseph Steam Printing Company, 'under the general statutes of the state, with F. M. Posegate, John W. Johnson and Harrison J. Seip as incorporators. The full amount of stock was taken by F. M. Posegate, John W. Johnson, Harrison J. Seip, J. W. Atwill and Edgar Sleppy. The present (i88i) stockholders are F. M. Posegate, President ; John W. Johnson, Harrison J. Seip, B. F. Buzard, Edgar Sleppy, D. H. Winton, Geo. Crowther and John T. Seip. Wm. T. Keller is foreman of the lithograph department; Wm. Mueh- leisen, foreman of the bindery department ; Lon. Hardman, foreman of the type-setting department, and Samuel Ostrander, foreman of the press room. HISTORY OF ST. JOSEPH. 63 1 This is one of the largest establishments of the kind in the country,, operating fifteen steam power presses, and affording employment con- stantly to from seventy-five to one hundred hands. An extensive bind- ery and blank book manufactory is a feature of the concern. Wood enigraving, in a superior style of art, is done here. It also includes the only lithographing establishment in the city. July i, 1872, it was moved to its present quarters, the large three-story building on the northwest corner of Felix Street and Market Square. The capital stock of the- concern is $5o,cxX). C. P. Kingsbury, also, has an extensive establishment, employing, ten or twelve hands. There was but one FURNITURE FACTORY in St. Joseph in 1881. This is the large establishment of Louis Hax,. '^ounded in 1855. The salesrooms, on Felix Street, occupy one of the most spacious and elegant stone front structures in the city. The saw mill and factory is located on the corner of Seventh and Angelique Streets. Over two hundred hands are employed in this establishment. Numerous SOAP FACTORIES have, from time to time, been carried on in the city. Among the earliest of these, was one started, in 1855, by D. Finger, but no longer in existence. The most important enterprise of the kind was established, in 1874, by L Huggins. It did a yearly business of $50,000, till 1878, when the factory was discontinued. CARRIAGE FACTORIES. The first carriage factory established in St. Joseph was by A. Dolph. He retired from business in i860, and was succeed by W. E. Williams & Son, on Fifth Street, between Messanie and Locust. G. Miles, on Sylvanie Street, between Third and Fourth ; McPoland & Farrell, on Fourth Street, below Messanie ; Prawitz & Haegelin, on Charles Street, between Sixth and Seventh, and others, were manufacturing carriages and buggies in 1881. Among the wagon makers at that period, in the city, were Pape & Co., Prawitz & Haegelin, Wiedmaier & Wildberger, John Heflinger and Conrad Tanner. Besides these, there were numerous dealers of imported vehicles of all kinds. COOPER SHOPS. In 1881, there were, in St. Joseph, eight cooper shops. Of these the earliest established was that of John Lee, on South Eleventh 632 HISTORY OF ST. JOSEPH. Street ; Vogel ; Robert McCrary, on Messanie and Third Streets ; George Meyerhuer, corner Mary and Third Streets ; M. Swere, corner Fifth and Pattee Streets ; Peter Fhaw, on Frederick Avenue ; Brighten & McGuire, corner Sixth and Charles Streets, and A. Olsen, corner Seventh and Charles Streets. Frank Sommer also manufactured the kegs used in his cracker factory. Among the larger manufacturing establishments of the city is the SADDLE, HARNESS AND COLLAR SHOP of Wyeth & Co., established in 1867. This factory, which affords employment to seventy-five hands, supepinterided by W. W. Bernard, is located on North Second Street, occupying lots from 300 to 306, inclu- sive. The factory does an annual business of $150,000. Sanders & McDonald, manufacturers of tinware, on Fourth, below Edmond, were established in 1863. They employ 35 hands. Schultz, Hosea & Co., manufacturers of tinware, galvanized iron cornices, etc., established in 1865, employ 40 hands. Tootle, Shireman & Co, importers and wholesale dealers, began, August, 1 88 1, the manufacture of overalls, shirts, etc. There are in the city FOUR MARBLE YARDS. One of the most extensive are the works of the Pfeiffer Stone Com- pany, the office and yards of which extend from Third to Fourth Streets, on Locust. These works were established in i860, and incorporated in 188 1, with Charles A. Pfeiffer, President; Joseph Pfeiffer, Vice President, and F. W. Gansen, Secretary. . This is probably the largest establish- ment of the kind between the Mississippi River and the mountains, and affords employment to sixty operatives. Abercrombie & Son's marble yard is on Fourth, between Messanie and Angelique Streets. I. B. Thompson's yard is on the the northeast corner of Seventh and Edmond. J. B. Johnson's marble works are on Frederick Avenue. There were in 188 1, five large BOOT AND SHOE MANUFACTORIES, in St. Joseph. Patterson, Noyes & Co., manufacturers of men's and women's shoes, were established in 1870. They employ two hundred men and women in their factories, and do an annual business of half a million dollars. Moorby & Fink, on the corner of Third and Charles, manufactur- ers of boots and shoes, operate forty hands. The firm was established in 1879. PACIFIC HOUSE, ST. JOSEPH. ST. JOSEPH STEAM PRINTING COMPANY. 634 HISTORY OF ST. JOSEPH. Smith, Frazer & Co., established in 1878, employ forty hands, and turn out fifty thousand dollars worth of boots and shoes yearly. H. Patterson & Co., on the corner of Third and Isadore Streets, established in 1880, manufacture exclusively ladies' and misses' shoes. This firm employs twenty-five hands. Tootle, Hosea & Co., established -in 1877, manufacture yearly 3,000 cases of men's boots and shoes, and give employment to from fifty to seventy-five hands. MILLS AND MANUFACTORIES. To notice, individually and specifically, every industry in St. Josepb would swell the proportions of this work beyond the limits of appropri- ate fulness. We shall, however, briefly refer to some of the more import- ant interests of that character, as well as to the earlier efforts of the pioneers of the city to inaugurate them. There are, in the city, three large flouring mills, nearly equal in capacity : The Eagle Mills, owned by Saxton & Co., are located on the corner of Seventh and Olive Streets, and operate four run of burrs. The City Mills, on the corner of Third and Antoine, R. T. Davis, proprietor, were accidentally destroyed by fire in the summer of 1881, but were speedily rebuilt. The Excelsior Mills, owned by Hauck Bros., are located oh the cor- ner of Second and Franklin Streets. These are all first-class. St. Joseph Woolen Mills, or Buell Manufacturing Company, one of the most extensive factories in the state, will be found described in our personal sketch of George Buell. St. Joseph Planing Mill, on the corner of Third and Messanie, estab- lished in i860, John DeClue, proprietor, employs forty hands. Francis Street Planing Mill, R. K. Allen, proprietor, was started in 1873, and operated by horse power. It is now turned by steam and does a large business. It is located on Francis, between Main and Second Streets. CRACKER FACTORIES. The Cracker Factory of F. L. Sommer & Co., established in i873> one of the largest mercantile establishments in the city, is located on Main Street. It is four stories high, and occupies lots from 202 to 212 inclusive. The firm employs eighty hands, and, in 1880, did a business of $400,000. They also manufacture candy. Koenig & Co's Cracker Factory, 320 Third Street, was established in 1874, and, till 1881, employed fifteen hands. WHOLESALE HOUSES. Tootle, Hosea & Co., dry goods, notions, boots and shoes. Established in 1849. HISTORY OF ST. JOSEPH. 635 Schuster, Tootle & Co., clothing. Established in 1873. Tootle, Shireman & Co., clothing, hats, caps, etc. Established Jan- uary I, 188 1. Samuel I. Smith & Co., druggists. Established in 1873. R. L. McDonald & Co., dry goods, notions and gents furnishing goods. Began wholesaling in 1866. John S. Brittain & Co., dry goods, notions and furnishing goods. Established in 1864. McKinney, Hundley & Walker, dry goods, notions and furnishing goods. Established in 1880. Smith, Frazer & Co., boots, shoes and manufacturers. Established in 1880. Nave & McCord Mercantile Company, grocers. Established in 1857. Turner, Frazer & Co., grocers. J. V. Brady & Co., teas and cigars. Established 1880. J. W. Dimmitt & Co., teas and cigars. F. L. Sommer & Co., cracker manufacturers. Established in 1873. Sanders & McDonald, stoves, tin plate, sheet iron, wire, etc. Shultz & Hosea, hardware and cutlery manufacturers. Studebaker & Welch, carriages and wagons. Established in 1876. A. Furst & Co., liquor dealers. Established in 1858. Lockwood, Englehart & Co., hats, caps, gloves, furnishing goods, millinery, straw goods and notions. Established in 1850. C. D. Smith & Co., grocers. Established in 1859. D. M. Steele & Co., grocers. Established in 1873. J. B. Brady & Co., carpets, oil cloths, etc. Established 1870. Louis Hax, furniture, upholstery, carpets, oil cloths, etc. Established in 1859. Ernst & Brill, booksellers and stationery. Established in 1870. Woolworth & Colt, booksellers and stationers. Israel Landis, saddles, harness, collars, saddlery hardware, etc. Established in 1844. Wm. M. Wyeth & Co., saddles, harness, collars, saddlery hardware, etc. Established in 1857. Bailey, Fairleigh & Weil, dry goods and notions. Established in 1879. J. Goodlive, Jr., watches, clocks and jewelry. Established in 1861. A. B. Warren & Co., paper. Established in Marph, 1881. Wm. R. Penick^ drugs. Established in 1852. . Baldwin & Co., watches, clocks, jewelry and watchmakers' tools. There are at present'(i88i) five breweries in St. Joseph, all doing a more or less prosperous business. The oldest and most extensive of these is the St. Joseph Brewery, on the corner of Eighth and Charles Streets. It was established in 1849, by Joseph Kuechle, who died in 636 HISTORY OF ST. JOSEPH. 1878. The present proprietors are Kuechle & Greiner. The senior member of the firm is a son of the originator and'former proprietor of the concern. The present capacity of this brewery is 15,000 barrels a year. There are two CIRCULATING LIBRARIES in St. Joseph. That of Carl Fuelling, on Edmond Street, was established in 1866, and contains 6,064 volumes, in the German, English and French languages. Woolworth & Colt's circulating library, on Felix Street, between Third and Fourth Streets, was first opened in 1875, and includes about four thousand volumes, chiefly in the English language. THE LAW LIBRARY occupies room nine, at the Court House. This library was established in 18 — , and contains about 2,200 volumes. The officers are Allen H. Vories, President ; B. R. Vineyard, Treasurer ; Vinton Pike, Secretary ; B. J. Woodson, Librarian. H. R.'AV. HART^VK; & CO., WHOLESALE LIQUORS. CHAPTER VIII. HORACK GREELEY-LINCOLN -SEWARD— SEWARD'S SPEECH-GRANT-SHERMAN-HAYES -PARK AND BOULEVARD-NEW 0LM PARK-CEMETERIES— DEATH Of JOSEPH ROKI- DOUX— PONY EXPRESS-HOMES OP ST. JOSEPH-TOM FARRIS. We have noted the visits of Commodore Stockton and Colonel Thomas H. Benton, to St. Joseph, at an early period in the "history of the town. May 13, 1859, Horace Greeley, editor of the New York Tribune, passed through St. Joseph on his way to the Ossawattamie Convention, Kansas. December i, 1859, Abraham Lincoln, afterward President of the United States, passed through St. Joseph on his way to Kansas. On the 22d December, i860, William H. Seward, Secretary of State, under President Lincoln, reached St. Joseph. He was escorted fronj the cars to the Patee House, and being introduced from the balcony by Mr. T. J. Boynton, made the following speech : Mr. Chairman, Gentlemen and Fellov^^ Citizens: — I think that I have sometime before this said, that the most interesting and agreeable surprises that ever human being has had on this earth, was that which Columbus felt when, after his long and tedious voyage in search of a continent, the existence of which was unknown to himself, as to all man- kind, and the evidence of whose existence was nothing but a suggestion of his own philosophy, surrounded as he was by a mutinous crew, who were determined on the destruction of his own life if he should continue the voy- age unsuccessfully another day, he went out at night on the deck of his little vessel, and there rose up before him, in the dark, the shadow of an island, with habitations lighted by human beings like himself. That was the most interesting surprise that ever occurred to any man on earth. And yet I do not think that Columbus was much more surprised than I and those who are with me have been to-night. We have been traveling in a land of friends and brethren, through many states, from Maine to Missouri, along the shores of the ocean, along the shores of the great lakes, and along the banks of the great rivers, and I will not deny that our footsteps have been made pleasant ■ by kind and friendly and fraternal greetings. We entered the soil of Missouri this morning at ten o'clock, feeling that, although we had a right to regard the people of Missouri as our brethren, and although we were their brethren and friends, yet we were to be regarded by its citizens as strangers, if not aliens and enemies ; but this welcome which greets us here, surpasses anything that we have experienced in our sojournings from Bangor, in the State of Maine, to this place. The discovery that here there is so much of kindness for us ; so much of respect and con- sideration, takes us by surprise. I will confess freely that it effects us 638 HISTORY OF ST. JOSEPH. with deep sensibility, for we did not propose to visit St. Joseph. There is a land beyond you — a land redeemed and saved for freedom, through trials and sufferings that have commended its young and growing peo- ple to the respect of mankind and to our peculiar sympathy. We proposed to be quiet travelers through the State of Missouri, hoping and expecting without stopping here, to rest this night on the other side of the Missouri, where we know we would be welcome, [a voice — we wont hurt you.] No, I know you won't hurt me. The man who never wished evil to any human being, who challenges enemies as friends to show the wrong with which any being made in his own form ean accuse him when he comes before the bar of justice, has no fear of being harmed in the country of his birth and of his affection. But I stated that, not merely for the purpose of showing how agreeable is this fraternal welcome. It is full of promise. I pass over all that has been said to me of consideration to myself There are subjects on which I take no verdict from my fellow-citizens. I choose to take the approba- bation of my own conscience if I can get it, and to wait till a future age for the respect and consideration of mankind. But I will dwell for one moment on this extraordinary scene, full of assurance on many points, and interesting to every one of you as it is to me. The most cheering fact, as it is the most striking one in it, is that we, who are visitors and pilgrims to Kansas, beyond you, find that we have reached Kansas already, on the northern shores of the Missouri River. Now, come up here — if there are any such before me — you who are so accustomed to sound an alarm about the danger of a dissolution of the Union ; come wp here and look at the scene of Kansas and Missouri, so lately hostile, brought together on either shore in the bonds of fraternal affection and friendship. That is exactly what will always occur when you attempt to divide this people, and to set one portion against another. The moment you have brought the people to the point, where there is the least degree of danger to the national existence felt, then those whom party malice or party ambition have arrayed against each other as enemies, will embrace each other as friends and brethren. Let me tell you this simple truth ; that though you live in the land ©f slavery, there is not a man among you who does not love slavery less than he loves the Union. Nor have I ever met the man who loved free- dom so much, under any of the aspects involved in the present Presiden- tial issues, as he loved the Union, for it is only through the stability and perpetuity of the Union that any blessings whatever may be expected to descend on the American people. And now, fellow citizens, there is another lesson which this occasion and this demonstration teach. They teach that there is no difference whatever in the nature, constitution or character of the people of the several states of the Union, or of the several sections of the Union. They are all of one nature, if they are not all native born, and educated ' in the same sentiments. Although many of them came from distant lands, still the very effect of their being American citizens is to make them all alike. I will tell you why this is so. The reason is simply this : the Dem- ocratic principle that every man ought to be the owner of the soil that he cultivates, and the owner of the limbs and the head that he applies to that culture, has been adopted in some of the states earlier than others, HISTORY OF ST. JOSEPH. 639 and where it -was adopted, earliest, it has worked out the fruits of higher advancement, of greater enterprise, of greater prosperity. Where it has not been. adopted, enterprise and industry have languished in proportion. But it is going through ; it's bound to go through. [A voice — It's not going through here.] Yes, here. As it has already gone through eighteen states of the Union, so it is bound to go through all of the other fifteen. It is bound to go through all of the thirty-three states of the Union for the simple reason that it is going through the world." In 1868, General Grant was here, and in 1879, Rutherford B. Hayes, then President of the United States, in company with Mrs. Hayes and General Sherman, was present at the opening of the fair at St. Joseph. PARK AND BOULEVARD. We take the following from the Evening News : " Here we sit gracefully reclining upon our seven hills, forty thous- and souls, with block after block of costly business houses, wherein thous- ands upon top of thousands of dollars change hands daily ; with beauti- ful residences and everything necessary to make this the city of the west, yet not a park have we. It has been a standing disgrace to us for years, but thanks to Messrs. Chapman & Cornell, the live real estate dealers under the News office, for one. They were far-seeing, and imbued with a love for their home and determined to have a park, or know the reason why. They went to work some time ago, and have kept up a " still hunt" which has proven very successful. ' They labored late and early, and last week completed all arrangements, and it is at last definitely settled that within a very short time St.,Joseph will have a park and a iboulevard which will be an honor and a credit to the Queen City. One hundred and fifty acres of land have been secured, which is undoubtedly the most beautiful location for a park that could be found. The land has been purchased from different parties during the last six months, and has been all sown in blue grass this spring. The tract einbraces what is known as the old Richardson or Hawley farm, lying north of Corby's Grove, part of Corby's Addition, and two other tracts adjoining these pieces. It is beautifully diversified with hill and dale, , has some seventy-five acres of lovely woodland, several springs and streams, and one of the finest orchards in Buchanan County. There are several high points on it that command a view of St. Joseph and the sur- ioiinding country. Near the center of the park will be a mile track, one hundred feet wide. Surveyors and parties who have looked at the ground say it will make the best track in the West. While the plans of the projectors of this enterprise are not yet fully developed, as an initial step they propose at once to raise a subscription to make the boulevard from Faraon Street north on Twenty-second Street, until it strikes their ground, where they will widen it to one hundred feet, and run it through 640 HISTORY OF ST; JOSEPH. ' the proposed park on the section line, to a point near A. P. Gofi's resi- dence, making a splendid boulevard two miles long. Mrs. Corby has consented to give half the road where it strikes her line, and, also, to, give the right of way, one hundred feet wide, through her land for a drive, which will deflect to the east and run partly through her land and partly through the park to a point on the Rochester Road, just north of Ashland. The drive will continue on the Rochester Road to a point known as " Lovers' Lane," returning on that drive will pass A. P. Goff's residence, and intersect the boulevard, running north from Twenty-sec-i • ond Street. This makes a drive of about five miles, a great portion of . which is beautifully shaded. Frederick Avenue, from Twenty-second. Street and the Rochester Road, passing W. G. Fairleigh's, Captain Charles West's, John B. Hundley's, and William Carson's places, to intersect the boulevard passing east out of the park, will also form one of the beautiful drives. NEW ULM PARK. New Ulm Park is located about one mile north from the limits off the city, and is accessible by the street railroad. The grounds were laid out about fifteen years ago, and contain eighteen acres of ground, eight of which are enclosed. The grounds are handsomely ornamented with cultivated shade trees of different varieties. At present, there are in the park, as objects of attraction, a few deer, bear, wolves, white rabbits, etc., and several species of birds. Schaeffer & Rosemund are the pro- prietors. • CEMETERIES. Ashland Cemetery. — Situated on the Rochester Road, one mile northeast of the city limits. Catholic Cemetery. — Situated southeast of the city limits. City Cemetery. — Situated on Amazonia Road, one and a quarter miles from the city limits. King Hill Cemetery. — Situated on the DeKalb Road, two miles south of the city. Jewish Cemetery.— Situated on the Rochester Road, one and a half miles northeast of the city. Corby Chapel Cemetery.— Situated on the Amazonia. Road, one and a half miles from the city. Mount Mora Cemetery. — Situated north side of Ridenbaugh, between Thirteenth and Sixteenth Streets. Oakland Cemetery.— Situated on the Rochester Road, one mile northeast of the city. DEATH OF JOSEPH ROBIDOUX. Having, in a former chapter, given a brief biographical sketch of Joseph Robidoux, we shall now record the date of his death, which HISTORY OF ST. JOSEPH. 641 occurred on the 27th day of May, A. D. 1868, at the age of nearly eighty- five years. The Herald, of May 28, 1868, contains the following in reference to his funeral obsequies : "The funeral obsequies of the late Joseph Robidoux most con- clusively manifested that the citizens of St. Joseph were not unmind- ful of the deep obligations due to the deceased, the founder of the city, who had so cheerfully sacrificed his time and money to aid the growth and establish the prosperity of St. Joseph. At noon all the places of business were closed, and in all parts of the city there was a general suspension of business during the remainder of the day. Edmond Street, in the neighborhood of the residence of Jule Robidoux, Sr., was densely crowded during the early hours of the afternoon, by the old and young, all anxious to take a last look at the remains of the old pioneer, whose name is inseparably connected with the city of St. Joseph. Before the hour named for the funeral proces- sion, the neighboring streets were literally packed with conveyances, while the sidewalks were crowded with hundreds of our residents. Simeon Kemper, Wm. Fowler, Robert Carter, E. W. Welch, Judge Schreiber and Governor R. M. Stewart, all old citizens, officiated as pall-bearers. ■ , At three o'clock, the funeral procession was formed as follows : Police, delegation of firemen, the hearse with the remains of the deceased, guarded by his grand-children, relations of the deceased, the old settlers, the Mayor and members of the City Council, and citizens in general. The remains of the deceased were taken to the Catholic cemetery and there consigned to their last resting place with all respect." We know not whether the site of his grave is marked by marble slab Or granite shaft, or whether anything exists to tell the stranger of the exact burial place of Joseph Robidoux. We do know, however, that the grandest and most enduring monument of him, is the city he founded. His name, and the names of his children, will live co-extensive in his- tory with the name of St. Joseph, • THE PONY EXPRESS. One of the most noted events in the history of St. Joseph was the starting, on Tuesday evening, April 3d, i860, of the pony express for San Francisco. At a given signal, a cannon shot from the Patee House, the fleet little animal with its light and active rider, darted from the doorway of the old Pike's Peak Stables, which then stood on Penn, between Ninth and Tenth Streets, opposite the Patee Park, and in a few minutes 642 HISTORY OF ST. JOSEPH. was at the United States Express office, on Third Street, between Felix and Edmond. Here, amid the cheers and huzzas of the vast throng assembled to witness the event, the rider received his light burden of dispatches, and again, at 7:15 P. M., darted off, directing his course to the ferryboat at the foot of Jule Street, and, in a few minutes after, was pursuing his wild career to the distant West. The St. Joseph Weekly Free Democrat of April 7, i85o, thus refers to this important occasion : "On last Tuesday evening the pony express of Messrs. Majors, Rus- sell & Co., started from this city amid the shouts and cheers of hundreds of persons who had gathered together on the spot from whence it was to depart, to witness the opening of this grand enterprise. " All being desirous of preserving a memento of the flying messen- ger, the little pony was almost robbed of his tail. The train which bore the messenger over the Hannibal & St. Joseph Railroad, accomplished the distance from Palmyra to this city, in four hours and fifty minutes, averaging thirty-six miles per hour, including stoppages. " The pony express made Kinnekuk, a distance of forty-five miles, in four hours and fifteen minutes, and was met by the express from Salt Lake 14O miles out, being then only thirteen hours from St. Joseph." The Elwood Free Press of Saturday, April 7, i860, says: " The pony express from St, Joseph to San Francisco, left Elwood •on Tuesday evening, the 3d inst. The following is the time table: "Elwood* to Marysville, 12 hours; Fort Kearney, 34 hours; Lar- amie, 80 hours ; Bridger, 108 hours ; Salt Lake, 124 hours; Camp Floyd, 128 hours; Carson City, 188 hours; Placerville, 226 hours; Sacramento, 232 hours ; San Francisco, 240 hours. " The express carries only telegraphic dispatches. It will run weekly from date." As may be supposed, the transmission of messages over this line ■was effected at no trifling cost, and those who had occasion to avail themselves of its convenience made it a point to study brevity of expres- sion. An amusing incident is chronicled as having transpired in this connection. ■ Baldwin, the leading theatrical manager of San Francisco, sent to Artemus Ward, in New York, the following dispatch : " What will you take for forty nights .?" The great humorist, who never lost an opportunity for a joke, promptly replied, at the expense of the manager, "Brandy and water." Baldwin, it appears, had the good sense to accept the joke, and by means of a perhaps less ambiguous communication, afterwards effected a mutually profitable engagement with the witty and jocose Artemus. *Elwood, formerly a thriving, popul jus village of Kansas, opposite St. Joseph, now (1881) existing only in name, having long since disappeared by the caving of the Missouri River banks. HISTORY OF ST. JOSEPH. 643 The following interesting scrap of history is taken from the Herald : The facts narrated constitute the most remarkable feat ever recorded in the annals of time. We regret that the article is not more lengthy, and that all the facts and incidents connected with this ride of two thou- sand miles are not given. "In 1859, St, Joseph was the western terminus of railroad commu- nication. Beyond, the stage-coach, the saddle-horse and the ox-trains were the only means of commerce and communication with the Rocky Mountains and the Pacific Slope. In the winter of i860, there was a Wail Street lobby at Washington, trying to get $5,000,000 for carrying the mails overland one year between New York and San Francisco. The proposition was extremely cheeky, and Wm. H. Russell, backed by Secretary of War Floyd, resolved to give the lobby a cold shower-bath- He therefore offered to bet $200,000 that he could put on a mail line from San Francisco to St. Joseph that should make the distance — 1,950 miles in ten days. The bet was taken and the 8th of 'April fixed upon as the day for starting. Mr. Russell called his partner and general manager of business upon the plains, Mr. A. B. Miller, now a citizen of Denver, and stated what he had done, and asked if he could perform the feat. Miller replied: 'Yes sir, I'll do it, and do it by pony express.' To accomplish this, Miller purchased 300 of the fleetest horses he could find in the west, and employed 125 men. Eighty of these men were to be post-riders. These were selected with reference to their light weight and their known bravery and courage. It was very essential that the horses should be loaded as light as possible : therefore the lighter the man the better. It was necessary that some portions of the route should be run at the rate of twenty miles an hour. The horses were stationed from ten to twenty miles apart, and each rider would be required to ride sixty miles. For the change of animals and the shifting of the mails two minutes were allowed. Where there were no stage stations at proper distances, tents sufficient to hold one man and two horses were provided. Indians would sometimes give chase, but their cayuse ponies made very sorry show in their stern chase after Miller's thoroughbreds, many of which could make a single mile in a minute and fifty seconds. All arrangements being completed, a signal gun on the steamer at Sacramento proclaimed the meridian of April 8th, i860, the hour for starting — when 'Border Rufifian,' Mr. Miller's private saddle horse, with Billy Baker in the saddle, bounded away toward the foothills of the Sierra Nevadas, and made his ride of twenty miles in forty-nine minutes. The snows were deep in the mountains, and one rider was ^ lost for several hours in a snow storm, and after Salt Lake Valley was reached additional speed became 'necessary to reach St. Joseph ■on time. From here on all went well until the Platte was to be crossed at Julesburg. The river was up and running rapidly, but the rider 644 HISTORY OF ST. JOSEPH. plunged his horse into the flood, only, however, to mire in quicksand and drown. The courier succeeded in reaching- the shore, with his mail bag in hand, and traveled ten miles on foot to reach the next relay. Johnny Fry, a popular rider of his day, was to make the finish. He had sixty miles to ride with six horses to do it. When the last courier arrived at the sixty-mile post, out from St. Joseph, he was one hour behind time. A heavy rain, had set in and the roads were slippery. Two hundred thousand dollars might turn upon a single minute. Fry had just three hours and thirty minutes in which to win. This was the finish of the longest race and stake ever run in America. When the time for his arrival was nearly up, at least 5,ooo people stood upon the river bank, with eyes turned toward the woods from which the horse and its rider should emerge into the open country in the rear of Elwood — one mile from the finish. Tick, tick, went thousands of watches ! The time was nearly up ! But nearly seven minutes remained ! Hark ? a shout goes up from the assembled multitude ! 'He comes ! he comes ! ' The noble little mare ' Sylph,' the daughter of little ' Arthur,' darts like an arrow from the bow and makes the run of the last mile in one minute and fifty seconds, landing upon the ferryboat with five minutes and a fraction to spare. * THE HOMES OF ST. JOSEPH. Chief among the many attractions of St. Joseph, are the homes of its citizens. There is perhaps no city of its size in the United States that has a greater number of elegant mansions. St. Joseph is to her citizens what Athens was to the Athenian of the age of Perricles ; what Flor- ence was to the Florentine of the fifteenth century. They are not only proud of their city, because of its commercial importance, but especially proud of it because it is associated in their minds with all the domestic affections and endearments of loved homes ; homes to which the banker,, the merchant and the shopkeeper repair when the evening shadows fall,, knowing that the genial fireside, the social table and the quiet bed are all there. Appropos to the subject, we here quote from the report of the Board of Trade of 1881 : "A larger percentage of its population live in houses and lots unen- cumbered, owned by their occupants, than any other city in the Great West. Outside of the massive structures of its compact business dis- tricts, stretching for miles, are the neat frame and brick residences of the mechanics, artisans and small shop-keepers, and the cleanly, white cot- tages of the laboring population, each surrounded by a liberal plot of ground, the whole covering a vast territory. " The wealth of room and air thus afforded the poorer population is. increased by numerous little parks and garden plots that dot its wide expanse of white and red with spots of green, so frequent that the chil- HISTORY OF ST. JOSEPH. 64S dren of every neighborhood have a convenient place of recreation in some of them. The first care of every lot owner seems to be to set out trees, principally indigenous elms and maples, which grow in rich luxu- riance, and are so numerous that, viewed from one of our towering bluffs, many portions of the city have the appearance of an unbroken forest or well-kept parks. The householders are equally solicitous about their patches of ground, and their lawns and bloonaing flower-beds are so com- mon that their absence is the rare exception. The homes of the St. Joseph mechanic are as interesting within as without. The works of refinement and comfort pervade them everywhere. "The beauty of St. Joseph, unlike other cities, is reflected largely from the homes of its working classes, but it by no means depends entirely upon lovely cottages. Radiating through ithe avenues and streets devoted to residences, many of which rival the celebrated resi- dential districts of any of our great cities, in the splendor of its archi- tecture, the smoothness of its well-kept pavements, and the expanse and beauty of the grounds surrounding, are elegant mansions, which in some cases cover an entire square. These are not the growth of a day, but in some cases are the monuments of a life of industry and economy." TOM. FARRIS. The following we take from the St. Joseph Herald : St. Joseph became again the headquarters of an organized band of thieves, from 1847 to 185 1, who baffled all attempts of officers and law abiding citizens to convict, notwithstanding there are many of them well known, and their robberies almost of weekly occurrence. The gang was headed by one Tom. Farris, an old man of pleasant address and rather prepossessing appearance. He stole everything he wanted, and many things that he did not want, but he could never be detected. John Corby was the first pork packer in St. Joseph, and he was annoyed very much by "Old Tom. Farris," as he was called, stealing hams from his smoke house for the use of his family and friends. When Mr. Corby proposed to him one day, that if he would take shoulders, he would supply him with all he and his family could use, but he didn't like to have him steal his hams, Old Farris replied that he would rather have hams. During the great rush for California, in the days of '49, Tom. Farris was in his glory, and many a victim to his artful tricks was compelled to pay tribute to the old rogue. In the spring of 1849, the facilities for crossing the Missouri River, were limited to a few unweildy flat boats, and the waters being very high at that season of the year, made the crossing of the thousands of gold seekers very slow and tedious. The hills and valleys round about St. Joseph were filled with the camps of the sturdy adventurers, and with their tents and camp-fires. 646 HISTORY OF ST. JOSEPH. their white covered wagons, the scene resembled more the camp of a grand army than anything else. It lacked only the blue coat and brass buttons, with the bugles sounding reveille, or retreat, to complete the picture. Many were compelled to wait for weeks their turn to undergo the trying ordeal of crossing their trains. Tom Farris was busy then. A train of wagons, or perhaps a single outfit, would move to the river bank, preparatory to crossing in the morning, unhitch their cattle, drop their chains in a line, as is the usual custom, and camp for the night, eagerly looking for the morrow, when they would go on their way rejoicing. Lo, and behold ! when morning came they missed their chains and were unable to hitch up. The hind wheel of a wagon was gone. Their time had come to cross after waiting a week or two, and they could not move. No chains could be found in St. Joseph ; the sup- ply was exhausted. To have a new wheel made was next to impossible. What a straight ! There is always a way out of the greatest difficulties. Some ministering angel seems to work out our salvation when we think we are lost. Tom Farris was far from being an angel then ; we don't know what he may be now. However, he appeared as one of these men. A kind, portly, prepossessing old man as he was. He would walk down, with his cane in his hand, along the river bank, and coming to the camp of the unfortunates, would say, "Well, boys, your off to-day ; good luck to you." The conversation would at once turn upon the lost chains and missing wheel. Old Tom would extend his sympathy. " That is too bad ! too bad ! Some mischievious boys, they are always up to some mischief. " Tom would engage himself to hunt the wheel up, of course they would pay him well. The old man would hunt diligently for a short time, and finally discover a stout rope fastened to a stake in the water's edge, draw it in, and with the missing wheel, to the joy of the owners. Of course he would get his ten or twenty dollars. " Now, boys, I guess I can help you out on a few chains, though I don't like to let them go, for there are none to be had in these parts, and they are worth money," would come from his generous lips. They would pay any price. Farris had a few barrels of chains salted down. When he would steal the new chains at night, he would put salt on them to rust them, and sell them back to their owners in the morning. Many stores and dwell- ings were robbed from time to time by Farris and his gang, but notwith- standing the leaders were well known, they always managed to evade the law, and it was impossible to fasten any evidence upon them. One fine May day, the good people of St. Joseph became so tired of their stealing, that old Tom and his first lieutenant, a handsome and finely dressed man, was conducted to the top of Prospect Hill, and there received the kind admonitions of the raw-hide to the tune of one hun- dred each, with a pass through the lines good for thirty minutes. This broke up their thieving gang, and St. Joseph had a breathing spell. CHAPTER XIV. THE GREAT IRON BRIDGE AND UNION DEPOT. HISTORY OF THE BRIDGE— DESCRIPTION— CELEBRATION IN HONOR OF ITS COMPLETION —RAILROAD TRAFFIC OVER IT - FOOT AND VaGON TRAFFIC —UNION DEPOT-, DESCRIPTION-ITS NECESSITY— IMPORTANCE TO ST. JOSEPH. The necessity of a permanent and reliable means of crossing the "uncontrollable and treacherous" stream that flows by the fair City of St. Joseph had long suggested itself to the people of that section of the- state, and several organizations had been perfected with a view to con- summating this project ; much time, talk and money had been expended, but nothing done. Dispairing of the success of any of the measures on foot, a number of practical men subscribed stock, organized a company, to be styled the "St. Joseph Bridge Building Company," prepared their articles of asso- ciation, and were incorporated. At the first meeting of the incorporators, who were W. P. Hall, J, M. Hawley, J. H. R. Cundiff, J. B. Hinman, John L. Bittinger, James A, Matney, O. M. Smith, I. G. Kappner, John Pinger, J. D. McNeely, Wm, Z. Ransom, Mordecai Oliver and I. C. Parker, they proceeded to the elec- tion of officers, to hold their respective terms for one year, with the fol- low ing result: W. P. Hall, President; W. Z. Ransom, Vice President j I. G. Kappner, Treasurer; John Pinger, Auditor; J. M. Hawley, Secre- tary. The Finance Committee included Willard P. Hall, I. G. Kappner and James A. Matney. The Committee on Survey was composed of Willard P. Hall, J. M, Hawley and J. B. Hinman. On the 25th of January, 1871, there was submitted to the vote of the people of St. Joseph an ordinance authorizing a subscription of five thou- sand shares to the capital stock of the " St. Joseph Bridge Building Com- pany," amounting to $500,000, the bonds payable at the National Bank of Commerce, in the City of New York, twenty years after their date, bearing interest at the rate of ten per cent, per annum. The vote resulted in a unanimous majority — only nineteen votes being cast against the ordinance. The services of Colonel E. D. Mason, an engineer whose works have since achieved him a national reputation, were immediately secured. 648 HISTORY OF ST. JOSEPH. By the 6th of February, H. H. Kelley, Col. Mason's first assistant, arrived in the city and commenced the preliminary- survey, which extended from the rock bluffs near Belmont to a point seven miles below the city. The fall in the low water channel for that distance was found to be 82-100 of a foot to the mile. The annual rain fall in the basin, drained by the river at St. Joseph, averages nineteen and a half inches, while that of the basin below is twenty-six inches; so, but three-fourths of the water flowing out of the Missouri River at its mouth passes the city. , As might have been expected, considerable difference of opinion existed as to the proper location of the bridge which, finally, however, was wisely left to the judgrnent of the engineer. Col. Mason. The original ordinance subscribing $500,000 required an expenditure of $100,000 by the company before $50,000 of the city bonds could be touched, and $100,000 more in order that the second $50,000 could be secured, and so on. Although every effort of the Directors of the Bridge Company was made to raise, by private subscription $100,000, the sum necessary to commence the work, only $18,000 was raised. The Council met on the 2d of May to revise and modify the ordi- nance of the former subscription so as to authorize the payment of fifty per cent, of the city's subscription in bonds on calls. At the election on the 23d of the same month, the amendment was carried by an overwhelming majority — a manifest evidence that the people of St. Joseph were fully alive to the vast importance of spanning the river between the Missouri and Kansas shores, with a bridge at this point, at the earliest possible moment. June 10, 1871, the day appointed for opening the sealed proposals for constructing a railroad, wagon and foot bridge across the Missouri River at St. Joseph, according to the specifications of the Chief Engineer, Colonel E. D. Mason, showed the following bids from six great com- panies, which were as follows : ' Baltimore Bridge Company , $1,175,000 King Wrought Iron Bridge Company 806,000 American Bridge Company 714,000 Keystone Bridge Company (for the superstructure alone) .... 260,000 Phoenixville Bridge Cpmpany (for the superstructure alone) . . 317,000 Detroit Bridge and Iron Works 710,000 The bids being considered, the following resolution was unanimously adopted : Resolved, That, whereas, the Detroit Bridge and Iron Works Com- pany has shown its capacity for bridge building, by building bridges at Burlington,- Quincy and Hannibal, and now has boats and all necessary machinery, etc., for the prosecution of the work ; therefore this company HISTORY OF ST. JOSEPH. 649 accepts the bid of the Detroit Bridge and Iron Works Company, it being the best and lowest bid. The contractors' bond was fixed at $100,000. On July 25, 1871, the first material arrived. This was in the shape of a train load of stone, on the St. Joseph and Denver City Road, from White's Camp, Kansas. The first stone was laid September 26th, in the presence of a large assemblage of people. December 8, 1871, the arduous task of landing pier six on bed-rock was accomplished. January 31, 1872, the caisson for pier five was landed on bed-rock. January 15, 1872, the second Board of Directors were designated, and consisted of W. P. Hall, W. Z. Ransom, J. D. McNeely, Peter G. Conlisk, G. H. Koch, Dr. Robert Gunn, Jeff, Chandler, John Pinger, J. L. Bittinger, Fred. W. Smith, T. B. Weakly, R. H. Jordan and S. P. Hyde. Hon. W. P. Hall was elected President ; Jeff Chandler, Vice Presi- dent ; Col. G. H. Koch, Treasurer ; Dr. Robert Gunn, Secretary ; John . L. Bittinger, Auditor ; Ed. E. Mason, Superintendent and Engineer. The caisson for pier four was accidentally launched January 21, 1872. While the workmen were busily engaged in " blocking down " the immense caisson, weighing four or five hundred tons, and just as they had got from under it, for the purpose of getting more materials, the blocking gave way, and, with a lurch, the heavy mass of timber went down through the ice upon the sandy bed of the river, a distance of about eight feet, and there rested, as luck would have it, exactly in the position it was designed to occupy. During the sinking of this pier (4) the ice broke up in the river, but resulted in no material damage to the work. Pier four was landed on bed rock March 8, 1872. While the work was thus steadily progressing, a proposition to transfer the bridge to the Hannibal & St. Joseph Railroad Company, according to the proposition of Mr. B. F. Carver, was presented at a meeting of the Manufacturers' Aid Association, held March 20, 1872. The proposition, as maybe sup- posed, caused a great deal of excitement among the people. Mr. Carver's proposition was to furnish the money to complete the bridge under the present direction, as fast as Chief Engineer Mason would estimate for the required funds ; that he would take and extend the St. Joseph & Topeka Railroad to Atchison, Kansas, and connect it with the various roads at that town ; that he would remove the machine shops, car works and general offices of the Hannibal & St. Joseph Rail- road, now located at Hannibal, to St. Joseph ; that he would fix the tariff of highway travel on the bridge at rates one-half lower than those of any similar structure on the Missouri or Mississippi Rivers, desiring, for example, that it may bring him from this source not more than $12,500 per annum, whereas the business of the ferry, for similar work, pays over 550 HISTORY OF ST. JOSEPH. $50,000 ; and that he would make the ta:riffs to railroads equal as between his and all others, and that rates guarded and liberal be assured to all. In consideration of his doing these things, he asked that the city- transfer to him its entire stock of $500,000, and that the machine and car shops should be exempted from taxation, as they were in Hannibal, for twenty years. There was much debate and a great variety of opinions delivered. Some wanted the bridge made absolutely free for highway travel, while others thought it was better to allow the owners of it to collect a low rate of tariff and return to the city a portion of the bonds voted to the work. All appeared to favor the proposition in one form or other, and adopted a resolution, unanimously, that it was the sense of the meeting that the city's stock ought to be sold whenever judicious terms could be made. The council submitted the transfer to the vote of the people, but before the election day had arrived the ordinance was withdrawn. The caisson for the upper draw rest was placed in position April 27, 1872, and landed on bed rock May 30, 1872. Pier two, commonly known as pivot pier, was got in place Septem- tember i, 1872. The caisson of pier three was landed on bed rock, November 4, 1872. The next and last pier sunk was pier one. After launching her into the water from the east bank, she was put in position and the air pumps started February 5, 1873. This pier landed in bed rock March 5th, and was completed March 25th. These piers, constituting the sub-structure of the bridge, contain 1,457,000 feet of timber, board "measure ; 16,038 cubic feet of concrete, and 172,071 cubic feet of masonry. The base of the largest pier is 45x45 feet the top 35 feet diameter. Work on the superstructure immediately began. The first span was swung January 18, 1873. The last span was swung May 4, 1873, all the superstructure suspending its own weight. The superstructure consists of three fixed spans of the quadrangular Pratt truss, each 300 feet long, one fixed span at east approach, 80 feet, and a draw span 365 feet, making the entire length of the bridge 1,345 feet. The weight of the iron in the superstructure is 2,850,000 pounds ; of the road-bed and track, 382,000 pounds. The draw span alone weighs 900,000 pounds, and is so perfectly adjusted as to be easily opened and shut by one man. The capacity of the bridge as estimated, is six times as great as the largest and heaviest train of cars that can be placed upon it. The approaches over bottom lands contain 2,025,000 cubic feet of earth and broken rock. February 11, 1873, the stockholders met and elected the following Directors for the ensuing third year : Willard P. Hall, W. B. Johnson, I G. Kappner, James McCord, G. H. Koch, W. M. Wyeth, Milton Tootle, HISTORY OF ST. JOSEPH. 65 I Edward D. Mason, Robert Gunn, J. D. McNeely, Louis Hax, Jeff. Chand- ler, and R. L. McDonald. This board met on the 14th, and elected the following ofificers : W. P. Hall President ; Jeff. Chandler, Vice President ; Robert Gunn, Secre- tary ; G. H. Koch, Treasurer ; Edward D. Mason, Chief Engineer and Superintendent, and John L. Bittinger, Auditor. Rather an amusing incident occurred during the election. R. L. McDonald acted as teller, and announced Governor Hall elected tmani- mously. "I know better," said the Governor quickly," I didn't vote for myself!" Mr. McDonald again looked over the ballots, and as he vainly endeavored to decipher the hieroglyphics on one, the Governor said, nervously, " That's mine ; I voted for Mr. McCord." "I will leave it to any member of the board to decide whether that does not look as much like Willard P. HaH as James McCord," said Mr. McDonald, good-naturedly exhibiting the ballot. The joke was on the Governor, and no one appreciated it more than he. On the 20th of May, 1873, the first locomotive crossed the bridge. This was engine No. 6, of the St. Joseph and Denver City Railroad. It was in charge of E. Sleppy, Master Mechanic of the shops of that road, and the man who ran the first passenger train out of St. Joseph on the opening of the Hannibal and St. Joseph Road more than fourteen years before. Charles Stine performed the duties of firemen on this engine. There were on board besides, several bridge and railroad officials, together with several prominent citizens of St. Joseph and Kansas, among whom were the following : Colonel Edward E. Mason, Superin- tendent and Engineer ; Governor Williard P. Hall, President, and Dr. Robert Gunn, Secretary of the St. Joseph Bridge Building Company ; J. F. Barnard, of the K. C, St. J. & C. B. R.R.; R. J.Wells, General Agent of the H. & St. J. R. R. Co., Hon. Isaac C. Parker, Jeff; Chandler, General G. H. Hall, P. Arnholt, Captain C. Mast, Harry Carter, J. G. Wood, G. H. Koch, Judge J. P. Grubb and J. A. Finer, managed to secure positions on the pilot of the engine, while H. W. Musson, General Agent of the St. L., K. C. & N. R. R.; E. H. Saville, Secretary of the St. Joseph & Denver City R. R.; " Uncle Joseph Beaumont," and about thirty others secured sitting room on the tender. As soon as the engine arrived on Missouri's soil, three cheers were given for the St. Joseph Bridge. In a few ininutes after, the engine again appeared ready for its return trip for a second crossing. Conspicuous among those perched upon the pilot, on the return trip, was Miss Hettie Mason, daughter of Col. E. D. Mason, Chief Engi- neer, who thus enjoyed the distinction of being the first lady to cross the bridge on wheels. On the same day, crossed the first regular train, ten car loads of freight. 6S2 HISTORY OF ST. JOSEPH. On Saturday, May 31, 1873, occurred the grand celebration of the completion of the bridge. This was, beyond doubt, the most magnifi- cent pageant ever displayed in the city. Not only was every civic asso- ciation and benevolent society represented in the vast procession, but the German citizens of the Northwest had selected St. Joseph as the place for holding their annual Saengerfest, and May 31 was selected as the time. The procession which traversed the streets of St. Joseph on that day was never equaled west of the Mississippi. Every trade was represented. .The cooper was hooping barrels in his improvised shop on wheels, the shoemaker was pegging at his last, the axhandle manufac- turers were using their drawing-knives and turning out handles with the same celerity that marked their labors at home ; lathes, looms, steam engines, collar factories, trunk establishments, and an endless variety of other trades and appliances of merchanical labor were in full blast in the vast stream of human industry that moved along the streets to the enlivening music of six or eight brass bands. The procession on this occasion was fully six miles in length, and both in the novelty of its character and immensity of its magnitude, astonished even the people of the city in whose midst existed the industries represented. The morning papers stated that there were, on that day, 25,000 strangers in the city, and 50,000 people on the streets. As the proces- sion passed the bridge, the splendid structure presented, with its gay array of bunting, such a picture as few in the vast throng had ever before gazed upon. At night hundreds of Chinese lanters illuminated the structure. Ex-Governor W. P. Hall, President of the St. Joseph Bridge Build- ing Company, made the opening speech. He was followed by Rev. and Hon. I. S. Kalloch, of Leavenworth, in an oration of powerful eloquence, which was listened to by the vast audience with the most absorbing interest. Hon. Joseph Brown, Mayor of St. Louis, was then introduced and addressed the audience. General James Craig, Hon. I. C. Parker, Captain James B. Eads, and Hon. Jeff. Chandler, all spoke in turn. At 3 P. M., a sumptuous banquet was served in Tootle & McLaugh- lin's Hall, to which about five hundred invited guests sat down. Dur- ing the feast, the Fifth Infantry Band, from Fort Leavenworth, under command of Lieutenant Lewis, took seats in the balcony and discoursed appropriate music during the entertainment. Numerous toasts were given and eloquent responses made. The last of these was "Joseph Robidoux, the founder of St. Joseph," which was drunk in silence by all standing. Thus closed the festivities of the grandest public demonstration ever witnessed in St. Joseph. On the 4th of July, 1873, at 6:30 P. M.,the steamer Mountaineer broke from her moorings, and, floating down, struck the bridge, occasioning damage to the amount of $16,000, which occupied twelve days in repairing. HISTORY OF ST. JOSEPH. 653 Dr. Robert Gunn, who served as Secretary of the Company from the beginning of the second year of its organization, and is now (1881) super- intendent of the bridge, has filled the latter position uninterruptedly, ever since the completion of the work. June 16, 1879, the control of the bridge was transferred to Jay Gould and associates. RAILROAD TRAFFIC OVER THE BRIDGE. Total number engines crossing both ways 2,500 Total number passenger and baggage cars crossing both ways 8,500 Total number empty freight cars 5,000 Total number loaded freight cars 25,000 FOOT AND WAGON TRAFFIC FOR YEAR ENDING DECEMBER 3 1, 1880 — CROSSING WEST. January . . February . March . . April . . . May . . . June . . . July.. August . . September , October . . November . December 200 40 600 300 430 200 12 §.1 «85 452 344 609 349 233 165 112 178 321 90 108 I 10 12 16 3 2 4 3 3 S I I 582 803 819 782 658 647 874 1,123 2,096 2,849 1,486 J.437 97 129 149 ■35 158 217 276 236 294 306 180 143 •95 200 197 173 •54 132 '53 201 138 189 III 130 1492 1.630 1,842 '.743 1 ,854 1,958 2,273 2.330 1.994 2,147 1.665 1,485 Total 1882 3.«4<> 14.156 2.320 1973 22,413 CROSSING EAST. January . February March . . April . . June . . . July. . . August . . September . October. . November. December, Total , MONTHS. a. 5' 17 8 13 537 15 184 9 1^ 98 135 276 141 198 224 227 205 363 555 185 97 955 2,704 553 701 722 565 721 679 922 '.032 1,160 1,849 1,198 730 10,882 1,818 90 95 142 121 149 '93 262 210 188 176 "3 79 181 163 175 142 162 142 165 192 166 '74 106 126 1,891 ',424 1,442 ',742 ',603 ',79' ',732 2.219 2 242 1,880 2 118 [.520 '■392 20.105 654 HISTORY OF ST. JOSEPH. THE UNION DEPOT. Since the printing of the article on the Union Depot, under head of " Railroads," page 595, other and important data have come to our knowledge, which we offer, by way of explanation, for the appearance of this second article on the same subject. The officers of the St. Joseph Union Depot Company are as follows : L. D. Tuthill, of the St. Joseph and Western Railroad, President. J. F. Barnardj of the Kansas City, St. Joseph and Council Bluffs Railroad, Secretary and Treasurer. Judson & Motter, Attorneys. A. A. Talmage, General Manager of the Missouri Pacific ; John B. Carson, General Manager of the Hannibal and St. Joseph Railroad ; J. F. Barnard, General Superintendent of the Kansas City, St. Joseph & Council Bluffs Railroad ; Thomas McKissock, General Superintendent of the Wabash, St. Louis and Pacific Railroad ; L. D. Tuthill, General Superintendent of the St. Joseph and Western Railroad, are the Directors. All these gentlemen have done their utmost to forward the great enterprise in every possible manner. The architects are Messrs. Eckel & Mann, two young men of this city, who have already taken a position among the first architects of the country. The plan furnished by these gentlemen shows the handsomest railway building in the West, and, when it is completed, St. Joseph will indeed have good cause to feel proud of the grand edifice. It will cer- tainly be a superb building and will stand as a monument to the genius, taste and wonderful skill of its accomplished architects. Outside of the carriage drive will be an ornamental park, set in grass and shrubbery, and adorned with statues, urns and a fountain, all of which will not only greatly add to the appearance of the depot, but will show the aesthetic taste of the builder. We see no reason why a railroad depot should not be made as cheerful and inviting as a public park, or any other place of public resort. Here will congregate at all hours of the day and night, weary travelers and commercial men, fatigued women and tired children. The nice new depot, with its conveniences and accommodations, its small, handsome park, with its blooming flowers and sparkling fountain, will certainly do much to lighten the tedium of their waiting moments. To fully appreciate this magnificent structure it must be seen. No description of ours would convey to the reader an adequate idea of its . great beauty. It is both ornamental and durable, and St. Joseph will be justly proud of it, as one of her crowning architectural glories. As a public improvement, it ranks next in importance to the great iron bridge that spans the Missouri River, a few blocks northwest of it. The stranger coming to St. Joseph from the east, gets his first glimpse ot HISTORY OF ST. JOSEPH. 65 5 the depot building as he approaches the city from the south. He will see distinctly its huge proportions, and white-crested tower, glittering in the morning sunlight, but not until he halts within the shadow of its immense awnings, will he realize the fact, that he is gazing upon one of the finest, one of the largest, and one of the most symmetrically con- structed edifices of the kind to be found anywhere in the country. The depot is the outgrowth of a necessity long since felt by not only those who are connected with the railroads, but by our business men generally. The conveniences of a depot centrally located, where all the trains arrive and whence they all depart, are numerous. The passenger busi- ness, which has been scattered between the different depots, will now be confined to one point. Besides this, the railroad ticket ofifices will be here, and the express offices. These conveniences will save time and expense, and facilitate business, travel, and every interest connected with commerce and railroad transit. St. Joseph has now a population of forty thousand, and being the converging point of several railroads, it is only in keeping with that spirit of enterprise ever manifested on the part of her citizens, and which has brought her present material prosperity, that she should have a first class Union depot — worthy of her growth and commercial import- ance. To form something like a correct idea for the present emergency for a Union depot, we need only to niention the fact that forty-eight daily passenger trains arrive and depart from St. Joseph, saying nothing of the freight trains, which number many more. At a congratulatory meeting held in Boston, in September, 185 1, Mr. Winthrop was pleased to say that the number of passenger trains which daily arrived and departed from Boston was one hundred. Boston was then the fifth city in population in the Union, and it was with great pride that the distinguished orator dwelt upon the fact so creditable to the sagacity and energy of that people. At that time St. Joseph was but a hamlet, struggling into existence. To-day, however, with about one-fifth the number of inhabitants that Boston then contained, St; Joseph has half the number of passenger and freight trains which Boston then boasted. Western pluck and western energy have achieved, in a few short years, railroad facilities which older cities in the eastern states have not accomplished in half a century. The character of these improvements is not ephemeral, built merely to gratify the demand of the day, and to subserve a temporary purpose, but are substantial, and will be as durable, we hope, as the everlasting hills that surround our city. No other town in the wide Union, in proportion to population, presents a more thrifty or business Jike appearance than St. Joseph. 656 HISTORY OF ST. JOSEPH. Stand at the foot of Felix, Francis, Edmond or any of her business streets, on any day of the week, and glance eastward and there can be seen thoroughfares crowded with teams, wagons, carriages, men, women and children from morning till night. All over the city are seen the unmistakable evidences of that resistless, pushing spirit of enterprise which has made the town and given it an impetus which cannot be checked. The evidences of this spirit are seen in the immense packing houses,, founderies, manufactories, planing and flour mills, street rail- • roads, waterworks. Union depot, and all the other public improvements which have been inaugurated and pushed to completion, and lastly, in our rapid increase in population, which has more than doubled since 1870. St. Joseph has struggled with a few difficulties in the past, yet with an unfaltering courage, and with an abiding faith in her own capa- bilities, like the stripling of Israel with his sling and stone, she has over- come them all, and now occupies a vantage ground from which she cannot recede. Behind her, are the broad, rolling prairies,, with a soil as prolific as was ever turned by the plowshare to the sunlight of heaven ; a soil upon which Ceres pours out the fullness of her horn in such plenteousness as will supply the granaries of half a continent. Toward the rising sun live the great bulk of the people of this country, who, in the course of time, will come in millions and pitch their tents upon our vast plains and ver- dant valleys, and find in St. Joseph a ready market and an outlet for their surplus and their increase. Above us floats an atmosphere as clear and limpid, and a sky as blue and sunny as ever cheered and brightened an Italian landscape. It will be seen, by glancing at a map, that Northwestern Missouri occupies about the central position of the American Union, and this being the fact, there must be, somewhere in the Valley of the Missouri, a grand pivotal point, about which may be eventually amassed the ele- ments of trade, power and influence, thence to be disseminated through- out the entire country. What town or city in this valley offers so many inducements for the location of this common center as St. Joseph I All acknowledge the advantages of her geographical position, her salu- brious climate, and the unsurpassed fertility of her soil ; then, where would the stranger and the merchant, the mechanic, the tradesman, and sagacious business man,, look, if not to. St. Joseph, to find this ultimate common center? CHAPTER XV. THE FIRE DEPARTMENT OF ST. JOSEPH. ITS ORIGIN, GROWTH AND SUBSEQUENT IMPORTANCE. To the active, personal exertions of General W. R. Penick, is due the credit of first inaugurating a fire department in St. Joseph. June 23, i860, while a member of the City Council, he introduced an ordinance appropriating $25,000 for the purpose of procuring engines and equip- ping a fire company. This proposition was unanimously accepted by the Council, but, on being submitted to the people, was voted down. A subsequent attempt on the part of this enterprising citizen to raise the sum of $15,500 for the same purpose, met with a similar fate. Though many approved the policy and admitted the urgent neces- sity of such an organization for the protection from fire, nothing was accomplished and scarcely anything attempted in the premises till April, 1864, at which period William R. Penick was elected Mayor of the city, and, in his message to the Council of that year, urgently recommended an . appropriation of $5,000 for the purchase of a steam fire engine. In view of this recommendation, the City Council, at a meeting held July 5, 1864, passed an ordinance to that effect. At the same meeting, the Mayor was requested to soliqit subscrip- tions or donations of means for the purchase of hose and hook and lad- der truck. To the efforts of this gentleman, the citizens promptly re- sponded, and W. R. Penick having, as representing the firm of Penick & Loving, headed the list with a subscription of $100, was enabled to report, at the next meeting of the Council, the sum of $2,700 subscribed for the required purpose. May 17, 1865, the steam fire engine, Blacksnake, arrived and was- tested by a committee of the Council, who pronounced it acceptable. August 7, 1865, a committee of the Council recommended the organization, of Volunteer Fire Companies. The first to respond to this call was the Rescue Hook and Ladder Company, which was, for many years after, the pride of St. Joseph, including in its ranks some of the best young men in the city. The following named gentleman comprised the thirty charter mem- bers: John Lyon, Judson Lyon, H. Clay Carter, Joseph Andriano, Chas„ C. Harrington, F. K. Maus, ♦Ad. Andle, N. P. Schlupp, Wm. Borngesser, 6S8 HISTORY OF ST. JOSEPH. J. P. Lowell, J. M. Armstrong, C. H. Floyd, J. S. Thompson, John F. Lyon, Arthur Lowell, Theodore Textor, R. Saunders, John Smith, W. B. McNutt, S. J. Handley, R. M. Russell, C. E. Holman, E. C. Zimmerman, W. J. McCord, C. B. Wait, H. B. Floyd, W. K. Noyes, J. M. Hunter, Geo. W. McGibbons, F. A. Mitchell. The company officers elected were, John L. Lyon, Foreman ; J. M. Armstrong, First Assistant ; Judson Lyon, Second Assistant ; Wm. J. McCord, Secretary; C. E. Holman, Treasurer. October 13, 1865, Charles W. Davenport was appointed Chief Engi- neer of the fire department, but declined to act, for the reason that he was insurance agent, representing numerous companies. On the 31st of the same month, the Mayor appointed Dr. Robert Gunn to the position. He served as Chief Engineer till April, 1867, when Ed. R. Brandowwas elected to succeed him. He served two years, to April, 1870, when he. ■was succeeded by R. J. S. Wise. In 1871, Harry Carter was elected Chief, serving one year. He was succeeded in April, 1872, by E. Wag- ner. A. Saltzman, in turn, succeeded him, at the end of his annual term, serving till April, 1874, at which period, W. B. McNutt was elected. He served six years, to April, 1880, when he was succeeded by Henry Gibson, who served till April, 1880, when W. B. McNutt was again elected to the responsible office of Chief Engineer of the fire department of the city of St. Joseph, a position for which he has proven himself eminently fitted. In the years that have ensued since the organization of the first fire company in St. Joseph, there have been erected in the city, five engine' houses, supplied with two steam fire engines, valued respectively, at .$4,250 and $5,000; one hook and ladder truck, and two four-wheel hose carts and three two-wheel carts. The present force includes eighteen men, paid by the city. These are at present (1881) under the direction of Chief W. B. McNutt, as above stated. Mr. McNutt is superintendent of the book bindery of C. P. Kingsbury, and a popular citizen. Dr. Robert Gunn, who has been superintendent of the bridge across the Missouri River at St. Joseph ever since its completion in May, 1873, has also long been especially active in promoting the interests of the fire department, and much of its present high state of efficiency is due to his untiring efforts. Mr. Edward R. Brandow was a member of the City Council when the hook and ladder house on Francis Street was built ; and to his efforts mainly is due the erection of that structure, which to-day constitutes an archi- tectural ornament of the city. BIOGRAPHICAL ^fe ST. JOSEPH, MISSOURI. JAMES ABERCROMBIE was born in Kincardinshire, Scotland, August 2, 1830. He was the third oi a family of eleven children. He learned the trade of stone and marble cutter in the City of Aberdeen, Scotland. In June, 185 1, he left the shores of his native country for the New World, and landed in the City of New York, after a short and prosperous voyage. Here he immedi- ately engaged in the avocation of his calling, soon doing business for himself, and meeting with that success which skill and energy invariably command. June 7, 1853, Mr. Abercrombie married in New York City, Miss Agnes Monroe, a native of Scotland. The fruit of this marriage was two children, both sons. One of these, Roderick M., survived, and is now (188 1) a partner of his father in the stone and marble business in St. Joseph. On the breaking out of the civil war, James Abercrombie was a private in the Seventy-ninth New York National Guard, and immediately entered the army, where he did good service with his regi- ment till August, 1861, when he received his discharge, with the grade of Second Surgeant. In September of the same year, he again enlisted, this time in the Farthingham Rifles, in which he served till December^ 1862, when he was taken prisoner. A week before this event, he was promoted to the grade of Lieutenant in his regiment. In November, 1866, he went West, and settled in St. Joseph, where he remained one year, in partnership with Johnson & Co., stone and marble cutters. In 1867, he moved to Caldwell County, engaging there in farming, and car- rying on the stone and marble business in Breckenridge. In January, 1879, he returned to St. Joseph and opened in partnership with Erath, Johnson & Co., another yard. He is now (188 1) engaged in business with his son, Roderick M., under the name and style of Abercrombie & Son. 66o BIOGRAPHICAL. , SMITH ADAMS is a retired farmer, living in Washington Township, Section 27. Post- office, St. Joseph. He is a native of Kentucky and was born August ,3, 1812; was raised upon a farm and had a common school education. He was married May 12. 1836, to Miss C. Ramsey, who was born in Ken- tucky, November 4, 18 19. By this union they had five children, Jones L. R.„ born April 17, 1837, died June 12, 1841 ; W.R., born June 15,1841 ;MaryE.„ born March 8, 1844 ; Rebecca C, born July 10, 1847 ; Edwin M., born June 29, 1850. Mrs. Adams died February 4, 1854, and he was again married to Miss Elizabeth Adams, November 20, 1854. She was born in Tennes- see, January 6, 1828. They had five children : James A., born January 2, 1856 ; Anna M., born March 26, 1858 ; Smith, born May 18, 1864; infant who died while young, and Ella L., born October 11, 1866. This wife died October 11, 1874, and he married May 5, 1875, to Miss Martha A.. Mansfield. She was born September 11, 1818. He was very successful financially, until the war, when he lost heavily. He endured many pri- vations for his country, and during the late war enlisted in what was known as the " Whisky Cavalry," in the Union Army, which stood guard around St. Joseph for three years. The government did not pay these men one dollar, and they did not ask for it, but furnished horses, time and services to Uncle Sam without money and without price, and are proud to know that they had the manhood to defend the right at all hazard. Mr. Adams first came to Missouri with his father in 18x5, loca- ting in Lafayette County. They lived in a block house for protection.- In i8i8, his father returned to Kentucky, Smith accompanying him, but being infatuated with the West, returned to Missouri, locating in Howard County, known, in early days, as St. Charles. He has lived in Missouri, ever since ; was engaged in the Mormon war. They surrendered upon his arrival, and he purchased land and was there when the County of Caldwell was organized. He is a Mason and a member of St. Joseph Lodge, No. 78, also a member of the Christian Church, and was Director on part of the State in the old Branch Bank of the State of Missouri before the war, has been school director and has donated, liberally to churches and school houses. EDWARD ALDEN, gas-fitter, plumber, dealer in pumps, lightning rods, etc.; one of the leaders in this line, and a man who stands among the popular citizens ; was born in England, December 23, 1827. He came to America in 1851, residing for over five years in New York, where he learned his trade, thence came to Chicago, and, after a four years' sojourn, came to St. Joseph, established his trade in i860, and at present does one of the ST. JOSEPH. 66l largest trades in the northwest. He was married in igS^, to Miss Bridget McTigh, a native of Ireland. Mr. Alden is a member of the I. O. O. F. DAVID ALDERMAN, liveryman, proprietor of Elk Horn stable, was born in Wilmington, New Hanover County, North Carolina, August 9th, 1824. His boyhood days were spent on a farm, his father, David, Sr., being an agriculturist. In 1849, he came to Buchanan County, locating on a farm near Sparta. The country at that time was sparsely settled and he had many difficulties to contend with. For twenty years this was his home. In 1869, he came to St. Joseph, and has since been counted among its leading liverymen, the Elk Horn stable being one of the most popular in the city. He has been twice married ; first to Mary A. Larkins, of North Carolina, now deceased. His second wife was Lavinia J. Highsmith, of North Carolina. They have five children : Chas. A., A. M., James D., Ann E. and Mary P. Mr. A. is a member of the Masonic fraternity. C. W. ALLEN, • manager of the Wheeler & Wilson Sewing Machine Agency and dealer in Taylor & Farley organs, was born in London, England, in 1845, and when two years of age came to America with his parents, who located in Pelta County, Illinois, where his father, William, engaged in agricul- tural pursuits. Here C. W. was educated and raised to manhood. At the breaking out of the rebellion, he enlisted in Co. K, Sixteenth Illinois Infantry, and participated in many notable engagements, among which were Chickamaugua, Island No. 10, in the Sherman campaign and otheVs. He was honorably discharged at the expiration of his term (three years.) He came to Missouri and located in Atchison County, and engaged in the sewing machine business. Thence to DeKalb County, and for a time was at Maryville. He came to St. Joseph in the spring of 1880. Mr. A. was married in 1866, to Mi'ss E. A. Burk, of Illinois. By this union they have six children : Lorena, Minnie F., C. W., B., L. E. and James. Mr. Allen is a Master Mason. R. K. ALLEN. Among those who contributed a just share in giving this city the reputation which it has attained as the metropolis of the Northwest, is R. K. Allen, who foj twenty-two years has been identified with its growth and prosperity. He is a native 6f Massachusetts, and came to St. Joseph in 1859, ^nd engaged in working at his trade, that of carpen- ter and builder, which from that time has been steadily and largely on the increase. Many of the finest structures of St. Joseph, both in store 662 BIOGRAPHICAL. edifices and residences, are specimens of his handiwork. In 1872, he opened his planing mill on Francis Street, which is the largest in the city. In the manufacture of doors, sash and blinds, etc., his business is the largest in the Northwest, extending into Kansas, Nebraska and Iowa. His long experience and skillful management makes him more proficient than the average in his line. In this respect his standing may- be inferred from the fact that the Union Depot of St. Joseph, one of the finest in the United States, is being built by Mr. Allen. The cost of this is $150,000. Few residents of St. Joseph are more widely and pop- ularly known. WILLIAM M. ALBIN, attorney at law, insurance and real estate agent, was born in Indiana in 1820. His youth was spent on a farm, with limited school advantages. After he attained his majority, he entered Asbury University, and grad- uated with the degree of A. M. He engaged for some time in teaching, and, in 1851, came to Buchanan County, where he followed the same occupation. He read law with the Hon. Henry Vories, and was admit- ted to the bar in 1861. In 1852, he went to Gentry County and .remained a short time. He enlisted in the army during the late war, and was com- missioned Lieutenant Colonel of the Fourth Missouri State Volunteers, commanded by Colonel W. P. Hall. Colonel Albin is a member of the Masonic fraternity and of the I. O. O. F. J. W. AMBROSE, one of St. Joseph's prominent mauufacturers, is a native of England, and was born September 2, 1829. He was there educated and raised until his nineteenth year, when he came to America, locating in Ohio. He learned the machinist trade, and in. 1856 removed to Bloomington, Illi- nois, where he resided until 1871. In that year, he came to St. Joseph, and ereeted the foundry and machine shop that he now occupies. The present style of the firm is J. W. Ambrose & Co. They make a specialty of architectural iron work, and in this feature they are having unparal- leled success, their trade not only being in Missouri, but extends into Kansas, Nebraska and Iowa. Many of the finest structures in St. Joseph contains material from this establishment. The firm does a large busi- ness in the manufacture of stoves, and have attained a well merited rep- utation. JOSEPH ANDRIANO, City Collector, was born in the city of Heidelburg, Germany, October 15, 184X, and came to this country in 1849. He settled in St. Louis, Missouri, and came to this city in 1851. He married Miss Isa- ST. JOSEPH. 663 bella Young, of Chicago, Illinois, in 1869; they have one daughter, Gracie. Mr. Adriano obtained a good education in the city_ schools, and then commenced his mercantile experience, which he abandoned to go into the stage and omnibus business with his father-in-law, William H. Young, of Chicago, a short time before the great fire, and had but fairly commenced when, with others, they were burned out, losing $20,000. They at once, with commendable zeal, started again, and very soon worked up a very successful business and continued it for two years. At this time he sold out and returned to his old home in St. Joseph, and accepted a position in the post office. In 1880, he was elected to his present position as City Collector. D. C. ANDERSON, baker and confectioner, an early and well known citizen of Bechanan County, is our subject. He was born in Orange County, New York, August 20, 1832; his father, John K., was an agriculturist, and D. C. spent his early life on a farm. The family finally migrated to Erie County, Pennsylvania, and tlience to Michigan, where he learned the carpenter trade. In 1859, he came to St. Joseph and worked at his trade until 1861, when he enlisted in the Union army, was captured at Lexington, and soon after enlisted in Stuart!s cavalry, and was trans- ferred to Co. K, Forty-third Illinois Infantry, as a private. He passed through the usual routine of promotions, and resigned as First Lieuten- ant, after serving three and a half years. He participated in the battles of Shiloh, Fort Donelson, Vicksburg and Lttle Rock. At Shiloh he was slightly wounded. Returning to St. Joseph, he was for a number of years engaged in the grocery trade. From 1869 to 1871, he was clerk in the post office ; also for two years was clerk of the school board ; for the past several years has been engaged, in the bakery and confectionery business. In i860, Mrs. Angeline Carr, nee Nelson, became his wife ; she died in the spring of '65. In 1867, he was married to Mrs. Ann Prosser, nee Sprinkle. They have had one daughter, Ada, who died in the autumn of 1880. He is a member of the A. O. of U. W. S. K. GEO. W. ANDERSON, check clerk for the Wabash, St. Louis & Pacific Railroad. This well- known railroad man was born in Brown County, Ohio, June nth, 1844. At an early age, he removed to Galesburg, Illinois, his father, G. W., Sr., being a stone cutter by trade. The farhily eventually located in Monmouth, Illinois, where our subject learned the painter's trade, remaining until July, 1862, when he enlisted in Company C, Eighty-third Illinois Infantry. After serving five months, he was 'honorably dis- 664 BIOGRAPHICAL. charged on account of disability. He returned home, recuperated, and on the 20th of November, 1863, enlisted in the Twelfth Illinois Cavalry- Was in the department of the Gulf, and served until the 29th of April, 1866, when he was mustered out. Returning to Illinois, he engaged in working at his trade until 1875, when he became an employe of the Wabash, St. Louis & Pacific Railroad, stationed at St. Joseph. He was married in 1880 to Miss Rosa Schreiber. Mr. Anderson is a Mason, being a member of the Blue Lodge, Chapter and Council. JOHN. ANGEL. One who took an active and live interest in making St. Joseph what it is to-day, is our subject. He was born in Virginia, January 24, 1813, and when young removed with his parents to Surry County, North Car- olina, where his father, Nicholas, engaged in farming. Here JohnVas raised, educated and resided until 1833, when he emigrated to Tennes- see, residing there a number of years ; thence to Alabama, remaining one year, and from there he went to Texas, thence to Van Buren County, Iowa, coming to St. Joseph in November, 1843. He commenced working at his trade, that of a carpenter, which he followed for a num- ber of years; many of the old-time landmarks, long since wiped out, were the work of his hammer and saw. From the time he came to the village, up to the present, few men have been more closely identified with a city than John Angel. About thirty years ago he was a member ol the council a few terms ; also was city assessor for one year. During the. Hannibal & St. Joseph project, in 1849, the first railway in the state, he was on the survey corps. In educational movements, and all commend- able enterprises for the advancement of St. Joseph, he was to be found on the right side. While in Iowa, he was a messenger in the Legisla- ture. He was married July 16, 1846, to Miss Eugena Robidou.x, a neice of Joseph Robidoux. They had' three children, all deceased, Felix, Edmond, and one unnamed. JOHN J. ANGSTEN, cooper,, was born in Prussia, Germany, March 16, 1847, and came to America in 185 1, his parents locating in Chicago, where he was raised, educated and learned his trade. In 1877, he came to St. Joseph. He was married in 1873 to Miss Annie Boesh. They have, by this union, three children: John, Willie and Mary. ARMSTRONG BROTHERS, the live and spicy business men of St. Joseph, justly merit the rank they occupy. In the browning of coffee, manufacture of baking powder ST. JOSEPH. 66s and spices, their trade has grown from a small beginning until it stands among the prominent industries of the city. J. M. Armstrong .was born in Centerville, Bucks County, Pennsylvania, March 31, 1838. His father, Samuel, was a native of New York, and removed to Jerseyville, Illinois, with his family in 1849. The subject of this sketch was raised to man- hood, spending his time when not attending the common schools, in till- ing the soil of Jersey County. In September, 1861, he tendered his services to the Union cause in Illinois, but as the call on that state had been filled, was not accepted, consequently he came to Missouri and enlisted m Coimpany A, Second Missouri Cavalry. He was mustered in as a private, and by regular promotion, in May, 1862, was made First Lieutenant of Company G, serving faithfully his allotted time, and was honorably discharged in 1864. At Little Rock he raised the Union flag to its position on the State House. Came to St. Joseph, and engaged as clerk in tlie Patee House, and soon became one of the proprietors, the firm being Espy & Armstrong. After continuing in the hotel business for a time, he branched out into other pursuits, eventually becoming a clerk in the grocery of W. H. Floyd. In 1867, he engaged in the gro- cery trade in company with George B., which continued until 1881, when the present business was established. He has been twice married — first to Miss Amelia Espy, in 1864. By this union, they had two children, one of whom, Thomas, is living, and Robert, deceased. Mrs. Armstrong died a few years later. Was again married, in 1871, to Miss Jennie Milton, of New York. They have two children— Beattie and Fannie. Geo. B. Armstrong was born in Centerville, Bucks County, Pennsylvania, October 8, 1846. In 1849, he came to Jerseyville, Illinois, with his parents, where he was educated and was engaged in farming until the autumn of 1866, when he became a resident of St. Joseph. He engaged in the grocery trade in the spring of 1867, and has since been closely associated with the business interests of the city. In 1870, he married Miss Mary E. Mapstone, of Chicago. Mr. Armstrong is a member of the A. O. U. W. J. P. ARNOLD, general blacksmith, is a native of Phcenixville, Chester County, Pennsyl- vania, and was born October 4, 1844. When young he removed to Berks County, where he was raised and learned his trade. For a time he had charge of Weymeyers & Co.'s establishment at Lebanon, and for two years was foreman for Garner Bros., at Ashland. During the rebellion, he enlisted in the Union army, but on account of his youth was reclaimed hy his parents. In 1873, he came to St. Joseph. He is numbered among the finest workmen in the country, and does a first class trade in horse- shoeing. He married in 1865, Miss Frances Chillens. They have four children: Ida B.; William H.; George B.; John T. He is a member of theK. ofP., and the I. O. O. F. 666 BIOGRAPHICAL. HERMAN ARNOLD, , farmer and stock raiser, Section 7, postofifice St. Joseph, was born April 19, 1832, in Saxony, Germany, where he was reared and received the benefits of a fair education. He learned the stone mason's trade in his youth. He came to America in November, 1853, landing in New York City, and has worked in many of the principal cities in the East. For three years he worked on the capitol building at Washington. His. family settled at Warsaw, Ind., and remained there nine years; they then came West and settled at Chicago, and from there to the place where he now resides. He owns a fine farm of 260 acres, well improved,, with good orchards and comfortable buildings. When he landed at New York he had but three dollars in his pocket, but he went to work, and by giving his attention to his business has succeeded admirably. He was married in May, 1853, to Miss Grenadine Behrens, a native of Germany. They have five children living, Mary, (now Mrs. L. Everhart, of St. Joseph,) Minnie, Charlie, Robert and Fritz. They lost four. They attend the Lutheran Church. ^ CARL ARNHOLD, stone-mason, was born in Bavaria, Germany, March 12, 1828, and was- there raised to manhood and learned the stone-mason's trade. In 1849,. he came to America, located temporarily, in New Orleans, thence to St. Louis, and for two years was foreman in the building of the Marine Hos- pital. He came to St. Joseph in 1852, and has since made it his home, although for three years he was on the government work at Fort Leav- enworth. Many of the old land marks in the city are of his construction^ and a large amount of the first class work, more modern, been done by him and under his supervision. He married in 1854, Miss Peternella. Groff. They have one son, Charles A., who was born in St. Josephs November 15, 1855, and here received his education. He adopted and learned the trade of his father, and is thoroughly competent and expe- rienced in stonework. He married in 1870, Miss Mary J. Saddler, of St- Joseph. JACOB ARNHOLD, with the Krug Packing Company, was born in Bavaria, Germany, Feb- ruary 17, 1843, and came to America with his parents when ten years of age. His father, Philip, located in St. Joseph, and here Jacob was raised,, educated and learned the stone mason's trade. He was married in 1865, to Miss Virginia Pash. He is a Mason and also a Knight Templar. GEORGE ARNHOLD, stone mason and contractor, was born in Bavaria, Germany, April 5, 1850, and came to America with his parents, his father, Philip, locating in St. ST. JOSEPH. 667 Joseph. The senior Arnhold was identified with the city up to the time of his demise a few years ago. George was here raised to manhood and learned his trade, to which he has closely adhered. He was married in 1870 to Miss Mary Carpenter. They have five children, Frederick, Josephine, George, Philip and Caroline. He is a Royal Templar of Temperance. In 1864, he enlisted in the Forty-fourth Missouri, Com- pany C, participating at the battles of Franklin, Nashville, Mobile and others, serving to the close, when he was honorably discharged. BRO. ARTHEMIAN, President of the St. Joseph College, is c*bmparatively a young man, yet he has had twenty-two years experience as a teacher. The great suc- cess which has followed his administration has given the college a repu- tation as a first class school. The present number of students is one hundred and eighty. He was appointed President in 1878, and the high reputation the school had gained under the charge of its former excel- lent Presidents, has been fully maintained. With the flattering outlook for the future of St. Joseph College, it is destined to take a front rank among the educational institutions of the state. A history of the school will be found in another connection. T. J. ASHFORD, carpenter and builder, is a native of Woodford County, Kentucky, and was born July 14, 1827, and was raised and learned his trade in his native state. In 1853, he came to Savannah, Andrew County, and worked at his trade until 1872, when he came to St. Joseph. For a time, he was in the employ of Bailey, Wood & Co., as shipping clerk, and also in the same capacity with other houses. The remainder of the time has been devoted to building, in which branch he has his share of the taade. He is a man of clear judgment, a fluent conversationalist, and commands the respect of his fellow citizens. In 1849, he married Miss Martha J. Clare- They have a family of twelve children : Thomas K., Geo. W., Lewis, John, Bettie (now Mrs. Duncan), Addie, Allie, Emma, Tillie, Mattie, Vinnie, Gabriel (deceased). Himself and family are members of the Christian Church. Mr. A. is an Odd Fellow, of Eclipse Lodge. THOMAS ASHTON, farmer and broker, Washington township, Section 33 ; Postoiifice, St. Joseph. Was born in New York City, October 30, 1826. When but a child, his parents moved to Mason County, Kenucky, where he was raised and educated. From 1848, he was contracting for the planters, being -located at Vicksburg and New Orleans. In 1855, he came to Mis- BIOGRAPHICAL. souri, and located in Buchanan County. His landed estate consists of about 300 acres, his improvements being among the best in the county. He also has a very large orchard, containing over 1,000 bearing trees. Was married September 12, 1850, to Miss Lucinda B. Small, who was born in Mason County, Kentucky, April 8, 1834. They have had nine children, six now living : Louisa, William S., Effie M., Harry L., Annie K. and Charley. J. W. ATWILL. The subject of this sketch was born in Boston, Massachusetts, in February, 1844. He here recei/ved the advantages of an excellent edu- cation and entered on the active duties of life, a thoroughly qualified business man. On the breaking out of the civil war, though a very young man, Mr. Atwill determined to enter the service of his country, and enlisted in the Twenty-fourth Massachusetts volunteers. For his sol- dierly bearing and generally meritorious conduct he was promoted to a lieutenancy and transferred to the N. C. Union volunteer regiment. He was afterward advanced to the rank of lieutenant-colonel of this regi- ment, with which he remained till it was mustered out of the service in 1865. He then went to St. Louis, where he remained, engaged in mer- cantile pursuits, till the year 1870, when he sold out and went to St. Joseph, Missouri, where he received the appointment of General Freight and Ticket Agent for the St. Joseph and Denver City, now the St. Joseph and Western Railroad, which position he held till the fall of 1878. He is now President of the Oakdale Coal Company, and is an influential member of the City Council of St. Joseph. ADAM AXHELM, Jr., merchant. One of Buchanan County's early settlers was Adam Axheltn, Sr., who took up his abode in St. Joseph in 1853. The subject of this sketch was born in Erie, Penn., March 27, 1850, and came to St. Joseph with his parents in 1853, and was here raised and educated. Mr. Axhelm has been twice married ; first, in 1869, to Miss Mary E. Thrap. By this union they had three children, one of whom is living — Charles. He lost two — Lena and Augusta. Mrs. Axhelm died in 1874- In 1878, Mrs. Mary Leip became his second wife. They have one daugh- ter — Lena. Mrs. Axhelm, by her first husband had two children — Tillie and OUie. THOMAS AYLESBURY, Foreman Car Department Kansas City, St. Joseph & Council Bluffs Railway, is a native of Pottsville, Schuylkill County, Pennsylvania, and was born March 20, 1836; was there raised, educated, and learned the ST. JOSEPH. _ 669 carpenter trade. His father, Robert, was superintendent of a coal mine, and our subject for a time was in the employ of the Reading Railway- Company. In i860, he came to Kewanee, Illinois, engaging in contract- ing and building, continuing until 1865, when he was employed by the Chicago, Burlington & Quincy Railway Company. For four years he was in the car department, and for three years was foreman of the coach building department.' On the ist of May, 1872, he took his present situation with the Kansas City, St. Joseph and Council Bluffs Railway Company, the duties of which he has discharged to the entire satisfaction of his employers. He is numbered among the most proficient foremen in car building in the country. He is a member of the Master Car Builders' Association of the United States and Canada, and is one of the com- mittee on automatic freight train brakes. During his sojourn in the city, he has been the choice of the citizens of the Fifth Ward as councilman for two terms. He married, in 1856, Miss Harriet HiH, of Pennsyl- vania, a native of England. They have had eight children, five now living, Charles, Ella, Ida, Thomas and Winfred. They lost three, Mary (aged thirteen years), Harry (aged six years), and Stella (aged three years). Mr. Aylesbury is a member of Charity Lodge No. 331 of Masons, and Enterprise Lodge I. O. O. F. During his term in the coun- cil, much credit is due him for the active and ardent work he did towards securing the water works. ENOS EWING BACON, proprietor JBacon House, was born in New Jersey, March 17, 1823, and was raised a farmer. He received a good education and taught school for one year, and then went to Indiana and taught school for nine years. He bought a farm in Maryland and worked it for six years, and after- wards sold out, and, in i860, came to this city. He bought the lot and a small building where the Bacon House now stands and commenced keeping a boarding house and grocery store. In 1879, it was enlarged and opened as a hotel. As a hotel keeper he excels, as a citizen he has the confidence of all, as an enterprising business man, he is regarded as a success. He has been a life-long, consistent Presbyterian, and has done much for the church and its benevolence. He married Miss Sarah E. Thomas in 1844. They have seven children living, William T., Charles F., Enos Ewing, John Knox, Sarah E., Mary Anna, Rachel Ewing. BADEN & CO., dealers in gents' furnishing goods, commenced business in St. Joseph in the autumn of 1880, and in the short time they have been here have won an enviable reputation. E. H. Baden, the senior member of the firm, 6/0 . BIOGRAPHICAL. was born on the 29th day of January, 1853, in Prussia, Province of Han- over, Germany, where his youth was spent until his sixteenth year. He then emigrated to the United States, and settled in Perry County, Missouri, and lived there two years, and then removed to Scott County, Iowa, residing there for a time, after which he engaged in trade in Lin- coln, Illinois. Becoming desirous to see the home once more of his early pilgrimage, he returned to his native country, remaining one year. When he again became a resident of the United States he engaged in the furnishing business at Lincoln, Illinois, and continuing until the autumn of 1880, when this house was established in St. Joseph. O. Del- venthal, the junior member of the firm, is a native of Hanover, Germany and was born January 7, 1855. In his fourteenth year, he came to the United States, and became a citizen of Perry County, Missouri, and, after a three years' residence, went to New York, where he filled a clerkship for a time ; then to Davenport, Iowa, and finally settled in Lincoln, Illi- nois, where he formed a copartnership with Mr. Baden, gent's furnishing business, which they have since conducted with a good degree of success. E. P. BADGER, the liveryman, is a native of Connecticut, and was born in West Leader June 27, 1830. At an early age, emigrated with his parents to Quincy, Illinois, where, after a short stay, he located in Payson, Illinois. There E. P. was raised to manhood, and educated, his youth being spent in tilling the soil. His father, Joseph Badger, while a resident of Connecr ticut, was a seafaring man. In 1849, 1'^e thousands of others, the subject of this sketch went overland to California, and for five years was engaged in mining, and other pursuits, on the Pacific Slope. During the war, he was superintendent of a quartermaster's department. In 1864, engaged in the livery business, in St. Joseph, which he has since followed with considerable success, having one of the best appointed stables to be found in the northwest. He is a man of close observation, unassuming in demeanor, and commands the respect of all. In i860. Miss Mary Griffith became his wife. They have six children : Walter S, Joseph E., Willie, Minnie, Eddie, Mazie. JNO. W. BAILEY, of the wholesale house of Bailey, Fairleigh & Weil, was born in Dover, Stewart County, Tennessee, September 17, 1830. He received an ordi- nary school education at home, and at the age of fourteen commenced his mercantile experience, in a country store owned by Watson & Hill- man, at Empire Iron Works, in Kentucky. Two years after he removed to the Tennessee Rolling Works, Kentucky, and sold goods for Hillman ST. JOSEPH. . 671 Van Lear & Co., four years. The last year he was given the entire charge and made the purchases of goods for the establishment, although only twenty years of age. He resigned this position, and on May 9th came to St. Joseph in company with his brother-in-law, James Kay and his partner, J. C. Ingram. He accepted a situation with Ingram & Kay, and in 1852 succeeded Mr. Ingram in the business and has been contin- uously in the firm from that time until the present, a length of time sufficient to test a man's capacity both as a citizen and a merchant. The house of Bailey, Fairleigh & Weil is one of the best known in the south- west, and Mr. Bailey has become widely regarded as a thorough busi- ness man, a reliable merchant and a gentleman of undoubted integrity. Mr. Bailey has been actively connected with many enterprises of public character in St. Joseph, and has uniformly manifested a commendable degree of sympathy with every scheme calculated to promote her inter- ests. May 8, 1856, he married Miss Susan E. Wildbahn, a daughter of Thomas Wildbahn, Esq., an old resident of Buchanan County. They have three children living, two sons and a daughter. PETER BAKER, boiler-maker and sheet iron worker, is a native of Germany, and was born in Prussia, in 1823, and was there educated and learned his trade. After serving his country in the army for several years, in 1849 he came to America, locating in Chicago, Illinois, where he worked at his trade for sixteen years. In 1865, he came to St. Joseph, where he has confined himself to manufacturing. He is a very proficient workman, and com- ftiands his share of patronage. He was married in .Chicago to Miss Mary Kohner. They have had five children, three of whom are living : Mary, Margaret and Agnes, and has lost two, William and Joseph. JOHN H BAKER, fericMayer amd plasterer, is among the progressive citizens of this city. He is a native of New York, and was born in Albany, February 22, 1852, and was there educated, raised and learned the bricklaying and plaster- ing traces, serving five years apprenticeship. In 1880, he came west, ■and took up his abode in St. Joseph. On the loth of October, 1878, Miss Agnes Meyers became his wife. By the union they have had one daughter, Kate. He belongs to the Bricklayers' Union. ARTILEUS V. BANES, M. D., was born near Zanesville, Ohio, February 19, 1845. He was the young- est of three children, two sons and a daughter, the latter being the eldest child, and a lady of rare ability and refined culture. She is the present 672 BIOGRAPHICAL. wife of John Townsend, a prominent merchant of St. Joseph. The subject of this sketch received his primary education in Zanesville, Ohio. In April, 1858, he came to St. Joseph with his step-father, Colonel John, A.. Dolman. He had the good fortune to complete his education, taking a classical course, in the school of E. B. Neely, the present distinguished Superintendent of Public Instruction in that city. On leaving school in i860, he drove an ox-team to Denver. He then engaged in mining for some time near Central City, and subsequently moved to Montana Ter- ritory, where, in 1862, he was one of the first to settle in Alder Gulch^ near Virginia City. His unremitting efforts in the mines were crowned with success, and he was enabled to return to Missouri in 1864, with sufficient means to defray the expenses of a first-class medical edu- cation, upon the pursuit of which he immediately entered. He first com- menced the study of his profession in the office of Dr. E. B. Forsee, of St. Joseph. He subsequently attended Jefferson Medical College, Phil- adelphia, from which he graduated with the degree of M. D.,' March 7,. 1868. Returning to St. Joseph, he immediately entered upon the prac- tice of his profession and soon achieved a reputation for surgical skill few in the city have attained. In March, 1873, he married, in Philadel- phia, Miss Bessie Davis, daughter of a resident of that city, and a lady of rare native ability and elegant culture. Dr. Ban^s is at present (1881) a member of the faculty and lecturer upon clinical surgery in St. Joseph Hospital Medical College. G. H. BANDEL, bricklayer and contractor, is a native of Germany, and was born in Wurtemberg June 5th, 1847. In 1854, came to America with his parents, locating in Tuscarawas County, Ohio, where G. H. resided until 1863, when he became a resident of Springfield, Illinois, and there learned his trade, and remained until 1869, when St. Joseph became his home. Mr. Bandel is recognized as one of the stalwarts in his line, and many impos- ing edifices in the city are criterions to that effect. The Hax building. Dr. Geiger's office and residence were erected by him. He married, in 1870, Miss Kate Kiencle. By the union they have four children; E. F., Lydia, Emma and Albert H. He is a member of the L O. O.F. and Encampment. JOHN FISH BARNARD was born at Worcester, Mass., April 23, 1829. He was raised on a farm until seventeen years of age, and received his education up to this period in the district school. In 1846, he attended the Normal School at Bridgewater, Mass., and while there was induced to enter Rens- selaer Polytechnic Institute, where he took a course in civil engi- ST. JOSEPH. 673 neering, and graduated in 1850. The same year he was engaged by the Chief Engineer of the St. Lawrence & Atlantic Railroad, to go to Canada> where he remained until 1857, when the road was completed. He then, with others, engaged in making and shipping railroad ties to .Cuba. In the summer of 1858, he took charge of a short road on the banks of the Ottawa River, in Canada, where* he remained until 1863, when he was chosen Superintendent of the Montreal and Champlain Railroad. In 1864, this road was merged into the Grand Trunk east and west of Mon- treal. He was then removed to Bradford, in Upper Canada, as superin- tendent of the road known as the Buffalo and Lake Huron, but which had been consolidated with the Grand Trunk Road, and remained here until 1866, and then re-called to Montreal, and became Chief Engineer of over six hundred miles of the Grand Trunk Road. In 1869, he took charge of the Missouri Valley Road as Chief Engineer and Superin- tendent. The Missouri Valley and Council Bluffs and St. Joseph Road were consolidated in 1870. He remained with the company until the road was completed. In 1871, he took charge of the St. Joseph and Denver City Railroad as Chief Engineer and Superintendent. In 1872 he left this road, and was appointed Superintendent of the Kansas City, St. Joseph and Council Bluffs Railroad. April 21, 1853, he married Miss Gertrude A. Harvey, of Bath, England, who died March 25, 1865, leav- ing five children. April 28, 1868, he married Miss Julia B. Keefer, of Gault, Ohio. JOSEPH BARNES, the horseshoer, Frederick Avenue. Is a native of France, and was born April 22, 1855. He there learned his trade, and came to America in 1872, taking up his abode in St. Joseph in 1874. He has attained an enviable reputation throughout the country as a horseshoer, which is well-merited. As a farrier he is also deserving of special mention, and is thoroughly conversant with all ailments pertaining to the foot of a horse, which is very requisite in order to give satisfaction in shoeing.. W. F. BASSETT, editor of the Evening News, is a native of Kentucky, and was born in- Harrison County, June 21, 1848, and lived there until thirteen years of age, then removed to Clinton County, Missouri. His education was. received in the schools of Kentucky and at Plattsburg. He studied law,, and was admitted to the bar in Pettis County. He returned to Ken- tucky, and was admitted to the bar in that state, but he had formed sl preference for journalism, and in fact, it may be said for the past fifteen years he has had more or less experience with the press. He 1878, he returned to Missouri, and since that time has been connected with the 674 BIOGRAPHICAL. press of St. Joseph, and at the time of purchasing the Evening News, in 1 88 1, was editor of the Gazette. Mr. B. is a polished and affable gentle- man and a thorough newspaper man. Since his management of the News, he has rendered it one of the most readable and deservedly popu- lar papers in the Northwest. GENERAL JONATHAN MILES BASSETT, for many years a distinguished lawyer and representative citizen of St. Joseph, was born in New Haven, Connecticut, February 17, 1817. After receiving a good common school education he was apprenticed to the printing trade. He completed his education in Springfield, Illinois, where he also read law, with Gov. Cailin, and was admitted to the bar by Judge Stephen A. Douglas. Shortly after, he moved to Quincy, Illi- nois, where he was for several years engaged, first, in the publication of a newspaper, and afterwards in the successful practice of his profession. In 1844, he moved to Missouri and settled in Plattsburg, Clinton County, where he resumed the practice of law. He was chosen a delegate to the state convention called at Jefferson City for the purpose of framing a new constitution, which, it might be added, on being submitted to the people, was rejected. While in attendance at this convention he formed the acquaintance of Miss Nannie Dixon, of Raleigh, North Carolina, whom he married in 1850. The result of this happy union was two chil- dren, Henry D., born August 26, 185 1, and Derdee Bell, born in 1856, and married to John Maddox. He, shortly after, located in St. Joseph, where he soon achieved eminence in his profession. He was at one time Mayor of St. Joseph, and for four years filled the position of circuit attorney for this judicial district. In the late civil war, he early declared himself an uncompromising Union manp and did much to rally the loyal sentiment of Northwest Missouri. He commanded a company of militia, and was, for two years, provost marshal of the district in which St. Joseph •was included. General Bassett was a man of powerful frame and com- manding presence. He was an able, fluent and persuasive speaker. Few men who have taken the active part in public life that did Gen. Bassett have left the world with fewer enemies and more personal friends than lie did. His death occurred suddenly in 1871. J. W. BATCHELLER was born in Virginia, in 183S, and had a good military and civil school education. In 1857, he emigrated to St. Joseph, Missouri. He served an apprenticeship at gunsmithing. In December, 1861, he entered the United States service as principal musician of the Twenty-fifth Missouri Regiment, and remained ten months and then was dis- £hai^ged on account of disability. He returned to St. Joseph and engaged ST. JOSEPH. b75 in the photograph business, continuing until 1869, and then engaged in the gun business up to 1874, at which time he engaged with F. G. Hop- kins, as foreman, remaining three and a half years, and then formed a partnership with Mr. Wall, the firm name being Batcheller & Wall. In 1879, he purchased his partner's interest, and has since been doing a prosperous business. He was married in 1858 to Miss A. E. Way, a native of Virginia. They have three children living.' He is a Mason and a member of the Francis Street M. E. Church. Mr. Batcheller is a dealer in and manufacturer of breech and muzzle loading guns, rifles and pistols, fishing tackle, ammunition and sporting goods of every descrip- tion. GEORGE BAUMAN is a wagon manufacturer on Frederick Avenue, between Ninth and Tenth Streets. He was born in Wurtemberg, Germany, September 6, 1834, When he attained his nineteenth year he came to America, arriv- ing in St, Joseph in 1854. He here learned his trade, and in i860, opened a shop on Third Street, continuing there until 1874, when he removed to his present commodious structure, which he erected. His business has been so increasing that in 1881, he will be obliged to add more room. In heavy and spring wagons he turns out durable and attractive work. He has a good and growing trade in Kansas and Nebraska, aside from Missouri. Mr. Bauman has been twice married, first in 1862, Miss Christena Behr, now deceased, became his wife, and for his second he married Miss Wilhelmina Fick, in 1869. By his first wife he has five children : Annie, Clara, Louie, Amelia and Oscar. EDWARD BECK, carpenter and foreman for John DeClue, is an accomplished and thorougly experienced mechanic ; was born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, January 2, 1842, and there raised to manhood and learned his trade. In 1862, he displayed his spirit of patriotism by enlisting in the Tenth New Jersey, First Division, First Brigade, and participated at Petersburg and many other notable engagements. In the spring of 1868, he came to St. Joseph, and for the past eleven years has been in the employ of John DeClue. In 1871, Miss Sarah T. Smith, of St. Joseph, became his wife. The Beck's were among the old time settlers of Pennsylvania. OTTO BEHR, professor of music. Missouri is largely indebted to Europe for its rapid growth and the sterling qualities and accomplishments of many of its best citizens. The subject of this brief sketch, who for twenty-four years has been a resident of Buchanan County, is deserving a special 676 BIOGRAPHICAL. mention. He was born in Germany, on the 19th day of June, 1828, and was raised there. He early developed a remarkable talent for music and decided to make it the chosen occupation of his life, and commenced his first studies at his birthplace. Then availed himself of the advan- tages offered by the conservatory of Leipzig, and the more proficient he became the more desirous he was to excel, and went to Vienna, and thence to Milan, Italy. In 1853, he emigrated to the United States, and settled in Philadelphia, where he remained about three years, occupying a prominent place among the musical profession. In 1857, overtures, were made for him to settle in St. Joseph. Since his residence here na one has done more to raise the standard of musical education and to cultivate a refined and elevated taste in this direction. For nine years he conducted a musical business in St. Joseph, for eleven years was organist of the church of St. Joseph, now the Cathedral, for six years organist of the Episcopal Church, and for eighteen years organist of the Synagogue. To his most thorough qualifications as a musician he has attained an enviable record as a composer. As an instructor of vocal and instrumental music he has a wide reputation in the West, which is well attested by the success some of his pupils have had. He organized the Philharmonic Society of St. Joseph, a string quartette of his pupils, and the Mendelssohn Musical Association of St. Joseph. GEORGE W. BELL, inventor of the Bell weather strip, was born in Canada, July 8, 1838') an'd came to this city in November, 1864, and is a carpenter by trade. He opened a shop and carried on building for many years, and erected many of the fine buildings in the city, among which are the Webster School on Sixth Street, the Presbyterian Church, the residence of Mr. Zook, etc. On May 8, 1880, he received a patent on his justly celebrated weather strip for doors. He formed a stock company for the manufac- ture of them, and their utility is attested by the numerous orders they are receiving daily. They are simple, cheap, and the most practical strip in the market. Mr. Bell has also two other designs for strips for windows and the sides of doors, which he intends to patent. They are of equal value of his present one, and when completed will be a perfect protection from dust, rain, wind and snow. He married Miss Anna M. Johnson, September 6, i868. They have two children, Frank and Flora- J. P. BENNETT, of the firm of Mayers & Bennett, is a native of Gallatin County,, Ken- tucky, where he was born December 19, 1849, and was partially raised and educated in his native state. At the age of fifteen years, he removed ST. JOSEPH. 677 to Illinois with his parents, and in 1869 took up his abode in St. Joseph. During his twelve years residence here, his career has been an active and successful one. His first appearance in the business arena was in the capacity of clerk in the clothing house of T. Connelly, subsequently was m the employ of Henry Hallo, Kahn & Co., and for three years waited on the patrons of the clothing house of Stern Bros. After this he was in the employ of Jones, Townsend & Co. We next find him with Mr. C. N. Mayers, the boot and shoe dealer, and, in 1879, he purchased an interest in the business. Mr. B. has held many positions with St. Joseph merchants, of trust and responsibility, and few of the promising young business men of the city are more widely or popularly known. He found a wife in the person of Miss Mary Bartly, a native of Illinois, whom he married September 2d, 1878. They have one son, Herbert. • W. W. BERNARD, superintendent of Wyeth & Co.'s manufacturing establishment, was born in Quincy, Adams County, Illinois, in 1837, ^^^ came to this city in 1863. His father was a harness and saddle manufacturer, and the son, while very young, worked at the trade, and early became an expert in all branches of the business. During this time, he was sent to school, and received a good education, preparing himself for a business man. At maturity, he went into business with his father, and remained with him until he came to this city. He immediately established himself in busi- ness here, and continued it until January, 1870, when he was employed by W. M. Wyeth & Co. to take charge of their large saddle and harness manufacturing business as superintendent. Since his connection with the company's business, it has increased from a working force of ten or twelve men to seventy-five, and is one of the most complete establish- ments in the entire West. The plan and construction of their new build- ing, on Second Street, was the work of Mr. B. It being so complete in all its arrangements, it would well repay a visit to any of our citizens to see what is being done in their midst. He married Miss Ella Cubberly, in Middletown, Ohio, in i860. By this happy union they have three chil- dren—Harry E., Jennie M. and Susan T. Harry E. graduated at the high school in the class of 1880, and is now in the employ of Messrs. Nave & McCord. Mr. B. is an active and zealous member of the Baptist Church, one of its staunch supporters and liberal contributors. JOSEPH BERNARD, grocer, corner Fourth and Isabelle Streets, was born in Alsace, France, February 28, 1826 ; was there educated, and resided, until he attained his twenty-sixth year. His father, Marc, was an agriculturist in that country. In 1852, our subject came to the United States, residing three 678 BIOGRAPHICAL. years in Louisiana, where he learned the cooper's trade ; was also clerk for a time in a country store. He next went to Iowa, and resided tem- porarily at West Liberty, Indianola, and other points, engaged, princi- pally, in saw mill work ; was also for awhile a resident of Nebraska. In March, 1858, took up his abode in St. Joseph. . He engaged in the hard- ware establishment of John Colhoun & Bro., on Second Street, and was in that house for ten years, and he then embarked in trade. He is fav- orably known in St. Joseph, and throughout the county, and does a lucrative trade. August 9, i860. Miss Julia Montavon, of Alsace, Francei^ became his wife. They have eight children : Mary J., Julia C, Joseph J., Emily C, Lucy L., Isabelle L., Louis A., Helen M. Himself and family are members of the Catholic Church. Dr. JOHN THEODORE BERGHOFF, professor of surgery in the Northwestern Medical College, was born in Prussia, November 17th, 1825, and landed in this country April 15th, 1846, and settled in Texas, with a Prussian colony, where he remained only a few months, when he came to St. Louis, October i6th, 1846. He remained in St. Louis until April, i860, when he came to St. Joseph, where he has received a large and lucrative practice. Dr. B. received a thorough druggist education in Prussia, and studied medicine in St. Louis, and graduated from the Medical Department of the St. Louis University on March 1st, 1855. He was appointed assistant surgeon in the St. Louis hospital, and remained there for three years, with Dr. T. Y. Banister as resident surgeon. He opened a drug store in St. Louis, and continued the practice of his profession until he came to this city in i860, when he opened an office and commenced the practice of his profession. During the late war, after a thorough examination by the army board, he was appointed surgeon of the Twenty-fifth Missouri Volunteers and remained in the service until 1864, being promoted to brigade sur- geon. He returned to this city, where he ha!s built up a lucrative prac- tice. In 1881, he was unanimously elected to the chair of surgery in the Northwestern Medical College. In every position in which the doctor has been placed he has been equal to the emergency. He has performed many very critical surgical operations very successfully. He is a good physician and a popular lecturer. DR. GALEN E. BISHOP. Among the distinguished physicians of Buchanan County, Dr. Bishop stands prominent. He has been engaged in the active pursuit of his profession for nineteen years in Platte County, and for fifteen years in St. Joseph. His birth occurred in Somerset, Pulaski County, Kentucky. ST. JOSEPH. 679 His ancestors were of English descent, and, in colonial times, were resi- dents of New Hampshire. Members of the Bishop family fought in the Revolutionary War, and in 1783 settled in Virginia. Galen's father, who was born in Virginia, removed from Kentucky to Missouri in 1843, set- tling in Platte County, where he died in 185 1. While comparatively young, Dr. Bishop had resolved on medicine as his profession. As soon as an opportunity offered, he began his medical studies, pursued them with diligence, and first established himself in practice at New Market, Platte County, Missouri, in the spring of 1846. He followed his chosen calling in that county for nineteen years, when, on account of threatened lung disease, induced by exposure incident to a rough country practice, and .also with a view of securing a more central location, he determined to move to St. Joseph. Accordingly, he located in this city in the spring of 1865, and established himself in an office and general practice, mak- ing his specialties surgery and chronic diseases. To accommodate his increasing practice, he built his infirmary on Third Street, which is beau- tiful in architectural design He has one of the finest libraries in the western country, and on his long rows of shelves, ancient and modern authors stand side by side, and there can be found the best works of the leading writers of all schools. Dr. Bishop was originally an allo- pathic physician, but has thoroughly acquainted himself with the princi- ples of the different leading schools and systems. Naturally liberal in his tendencies, his practice is not hampered by the restrictive dogmas of any particular system. But he believes that some good and some foundation of truth exists in all systems, of which every physician should avail himself in his practice. JOHN L. BITTINGER is a native of Pennsylvania, having been born on the ?8th day of November, 1833, in Franklin County. In 1840, his parents removed to Ashland County, Ohio. His father dying when he was only thirteen years of age, Mr. Bittinger went to work on a farm, and at the age of sixteen came west with his employer to Green County,. Wisconsin, where he remained until the spring of 1852, when, thirsting for knowledge, he made his way to Freeport, Illinois, and entered the office of the Journal as an apprentice to learn the printing business. Here, with the aptitude which distinguishes 'a. true journalist, he commenced to write for the paper, while becoming an adept in its mechanism, and in a short time became one of its principal editorial contributors. Three years later, having acquired his trade, he removed to St. Louis, where he became connected with the Intelligencer. During his residence in St. Louis he was chosen a delegate from the Typographical Union 4:o the National Convention, held in Chicago in 1858, and in Boston in 1859. In 1857, he 680 BIOGRAPHICAL. became foreman of the St. Louis Democrat newspaper, holding that responsible position for two years, when, in company with the late Col. James Peckham and Lieutenant Governor Charles P. Johnson, he started the St. Louis Evening Bulletin, disposing of his interest in it in the spring of i860, in order to remove to St. Joseph, where he has ever since resided. Taking an active part in the national political canvass of that year, especially as the correspondent of the St. Louis Democrat, as a reward for his labors, on the recommendation of General Francis P. Blair, Jr., at the incoming of President Lincoln's administration, in 1861, he was appointed Postmaster of St. Joseph, which position he held until May, 1865. In 1862, Mr. Bittinger was married to Annie M. Smith, of Freeport, Illinois. In 1862, he was elected as a member of the Twenty- second General Assembly, his competitor being the late Hon. Henry M. Vories, afterwards one of the Judges of the Supreme Court. Mr. Bittin- ger was chosen speaker pro tem. of the House at that session, and was one of the most active participants in the great senatorial contest of that period, which finally resulted in the choice of Hon. Jno. B. Henderson for the full term of six years, and ex-Governor B. Gratz Browii for the term of four years, he being the warm friend and supporter of both the successful aspirants. In 1862, he was commissioned as Aid-de-camp to Governor W. P. Hall, then Brigadier General in command of the North- western military district of the state. In the same year, he became asso- ciated with Hon. C. B. Wilkinson, as editor and proprietor of the St. Joseph Daily Herald, which he conducted as managing editor until 1878, when he disposed of his interest to the present proprietors. In 1864, he was unanimously nominated for re-election to the Legislature, but declined. Subsequently he was nominated for the State Senate, which honor he also declined. In 1866, he was selected by the then Secretary of War, Hon. Edwin M. Stanton, as one of the three commissioners to appraise the value of slaves, the property of loyal owners, who had been enlisted in the service of the United States. In 1870, Mr. Bittinger was again unanimously nominated for the Legislature ; was elected by a large majority and during that session was chairman of the committees on Internal Improvements and Insurance, and a member of the commit- tees on Congressional Apportionment, Printing, Retrenchment and Reform, and a number of special committees. Mr. Bittinger was re-elected in 1872, and again in 1874, after a most spirited contest, in which he was the only candidate of his party who was successful. At the beginning of the session, in January, 1875, Major Bittinger was the Republican nominee for Speaker of the House, and received the united Republican and Independent vote. After Major Bittinger had disposed of his interest in the St. Joseph Herald, he, for two years, was engaged in loaning money for Eastern capitalists, in Western Kansas. In June, 1 88 1, he was tendered the editorial chair of the Kansas City Daily Jour- '^^^i^.^^^^^^^^^^f^gi^ ST. JOSEPH. 68 1 nal, which he accepted early in July, and he is now filling that responsi* ble position. He' still retains his residence in St. Joseph, however. During his legislative career he obtained many important special priv- leges and benefits for his city, which accounts, in a great measure, for his success before the people when a candidate. To him, more than to all other influences, is due the location of the Northwestern State Luna- tic Asylum, at St. Joseph, and obtained the passage of the bill which "secured to St. Joseph sessions of the. Supreme Court. He was one of the incorporators of the St. Joseph Bridge Company, and Auditor of the Board during its construction, and did much towards securing the con- struction of the magnificent structure which now spans the Missouri River at that point. Mr. Bittinger, while in no sense a partisan, has always taken an active part in politics as a member of the Republican party. In 1862, he was a delegate and Secretary of the first Emancipa- tion State Convention ever held in Missouri, and has been chosen a dele- gate to every Republican State Convention since the organization of the party. In 1872, he was a delegate to the National Republican Con- vention held in Philadelphia, which nominated President Grant for a second term, and was also a member of the Republican State Central Committee for many years. Mr. Bittinger is a genial companion, a ready and forcible speaker, thoroughly versed in parliamentary practice, and an influential legislator. His friends in both parties are legion, attracted and attached to him by a suavity of manner which never for- sakes him, and by a kindliness of disposition and generosity which has no other limit than that of capacity. v T. L. BLAKEMORE, farmer and breeder of fine stock, Section 25, postoffice St. Joseph, was born in Frederick County, Virginia, January 25, 18 19, and was raised on a farm until fourteen years of age, when he "became a clerk in a store. Sfx years later he was engaged in the same business for himself, and continued four years, when he began the hotel business, and at the same time was sheriff. He held the office of sheriff for nine years. In 1849, he, in connection with two other parties, erected a fine hotel at Capin Springs, Virginia, (a summer resort) at a cost of $80,000. In 1857, he came to St. Joseph, Missouri, and engaged in the hotel business. He retired in 1879, and removed to his farm, where he now resides. He was married October i, 1839, to Miss Eliza Richards. Her nativity was the same as that of her husband, she being born May 19, 1819. They had eight children, of whom three are living, James M., Mary and Russell. L. BLASS, brick manufacturer, was born August 15, 18 18, in Baden, Germany, where he was raised, educated, and learned the trade he now pursues. 682 BIOGRAPHICAL; In 1848, he came to America, and after a short stay in the cities of New Orleans and St. Louis, engaged in the manufacture of 'brick at Belleville, Illinois. In the autumn of 1 851, he took up his abode in St. Joseph. Many of the old landmarks of the city have been constructed of mate- rial of his manufacture. Mr. Blass has been twice married. His first wife (how deceased) was Miss Johanna Meit. By this union they had one daughter, Louise. His second wife was Mrs. Mary Beock. They have three daughters, Mary, Lillie and Rosa. NOAH BOAZ, carpenter and builder, was born in Clay County, Misssouri, August 5, 1844, and in his tenth year removed with his parents to'DeKalb County, that state, where he was educated and raised to manhood. His father, Harrison, was a carpenter, and Noah adopted that profession. The death of Harrison Boaz occurred while he was a resident of DeKalb County, and Noah's mother was again married, to Captain William Moore, of Buchanan County. Mr. Boaz located in St. Joseph. He is a skilled workman, and has built many of its fine residences and other buildings in the city. In 1864, Miss S. M. Anderson, a native of Ken- tucky, became his wife. They have five children : Hallie, Effie, Ruth, Stella and Harrison. HENRY BODER was born in Switzerland, September 6, 1805, and came to this country in 1834, and settled in Mount Eaton, Ohio, and remained there for six years, working at his trade as carpenter and bridge builder. He went to New Orleans for several months, then to St. Louis, where he remained for four years, and then came to this city in 1844. He built two build- ings among the first built, one log and one frame. In 1845, he returned to New Orleans and remained until September i, 1847, when he returned, and since which time he has been actively engaged in building. He has, by his industry and economy, saved a competency for old age. He married Louisa Perring, of Ohio, in 1836. She died in 1854, leaving two sons, Henry and Lewis, who now are bankers and substantial business men in Troy, Kansas. In 1863, he married Mrs. Angelique Croteau, who came to this city in 1840. JOHN BOGLE, is a native of Ireland, and was born in 1835. He emigrated to America June 9th, 1852, landing in New York, where he remained one year, and worked at bricklaying. In 1853, he was employed to go West and peddle. Worked his way on foot from Cincinnati, Ohio, to St. Joseph, Missouri, landing March 7th, 1857. He was a peddler three ST. JOSEPH. 683 years, in partnership with McNealy, until 1861, and then went across the plains, and was absent for one year. He returned to St. Joseph, which has since been his home. Married, in 1863, S. O'Brien, a native of Can- ada, by which union they had one child. C. H. BOLLER, wholesale and retail dealer in stoves, tinware and general hardware, was born in Germany, in 1836, and came to America with his parents in 1848, locating in St. Louis. In 1849, the family removed to Boonville, Mis- souri, where C. H. was a resident until 1854, when he returned to St. Louis, and learned the tinner's trade. In 1864, he become a resident of St. Joseph. During the war, his father, John H. Boiler, and his oldest brother, Godfried, were killed at Boonville, by the bushwhackers. In 1862, Miss Annie Roeder became his wife. By this union they have three children — Laura, Tilla and Ida. Mr. Boiler carries a stock of stoves and tinware that will compare favorable with any in the city. His wholesale trade is continually increasing. Is a member of the I. O. O. F. (Humboldt Lodge) Encampment, German School Society and German . Benevolent Society. DANIEL F. BOMBECK, proprietor of the sheet iron, copper and galvanized iron works, was born July 16, 1826, at Rinteln, Lippe Schaumburg, Germany, where he was raised and learned the trade of copper smith. He became a soldier, served in the tenth German army corps, and took an active part in the Schleswig-Holstein campaign. When discharged, he again worked at his trade for six months and then emigrated to America, where he arrived, in 1850, at New Orleans. After a few months there, he went to St. Louis, where he was employed for six years. In the fall of 1856, he came to Hannibal, Missouri, where he established a sheet iron and copper works on his own account, which he carried on for three years. In 1859, Mr. Bombeck sold his business and went to Pike's Peak, trying his good luck by gold digging, but without much success. Hearing from the prospects in New- Mexico he, in 1862, joined a prospecting party, and started with them up to the San Juan mountains, but had to return with- out reaching the desired success. He returned to the South Park mines, and then came back to Hannibal, Missouri, where he bought a farm, on which he worked up to 1867, when he came to St. Joseph. Here he was employed three years at his trade, and, in 1871, opened his iron and copper works, which business he carries on with great success. He mar- ried August 2, 1870, Mrs. Cornelia Hausting, born in Borngesser, Heidel- berg, Germany. They have two children, Frida, born September, 1871, and Heinrich Daniel, born September, 1875. 684 BIOGRAPHICAL. A. D. BORTLE, broom manufacturer, was born in Middleburg, Schoharie County, New York, March 3d, 1852, and when three years of age emigrated to Wis- consin, his father, J. H. Bortle, locating with his family in West Salem, LaCrosse County, being among the early settlers in that section. A. D. was there raised and educated. The family was located for a time in Minnesota, but vacated the state during the Indian massacre. In 1869, our subject went to Clear Lake, Iowa, where he remained one and a half years ; thence to Stewartsville, Missouri, where he learned the broom making trade. For five years was in a factory at Falls City, Nebraska, and took up his abode in St. Joseph in the autumn of 1879. The supe- riority of his goods has attained a wide spread and well merited reputa- tion. He was married, in 1 881, to Miss Ida Bliss. Mr. Bortle is a mem- ber of the I. O. O. F. WM. C. BOTELER, M. D.. was born in Middletown, Md., August 4th, 1855. He received good educational advantages while young, preparing for a collegiate course, which he took at the Penn College at Gettysburg. He studied medicine with his father. Dr. W. E. Boteler, and attended the medical department of the University of Maryland, at Baltimore, receiving the degree of M. D. Dr. B. afterwards became a student at the John Hop- kins University, of Baltimore, Md., in the biological laboratory of Prof J. Newell Martin, of Cambridge, England. Eighteen months afterwards he became a student of Prof Mears, at the Jefferson Medical College, of Philadelphia, preparatory to service as surgeon in the United States Indian Department. In October 1879, he passed his examination and was appointed physician and surgeon, at the agency of Otoe and Missouri Indians in Nebraska. He remained there seventeen months, then resigned and located in St. Joseph, in February, 1881. On the 15th of May, 1 88 1, Dr. Boteler was elected by the faculty of the Hospital Medi- cal College of St. Joseph, as professor of chemistry and histology, which chair he at present fills. HENRY BOTTGER, contractor and builder, Saxton, was born September 11, 1836, in the City of Florenceburg, Holstein, Germany, and was there reared and received the benefits of an education. When fourteen years of age, he commenced to learn the carpenter's trade. In 1854, he crossed the ocean, and landed at New York, working there for two years, and then emigrated West. He stopped a short time in Wisconsin and Chicago, and came to St. Joseph in 1858, remaining a short time, when he moved ST. JOSEPH. 68s to Andrew County. During the late war, he served for three years in the Enrolled Missouri militia, under Captain Lewis, and then enlisted in the Eighteenth Missouri Infantry, Company E, and served until the end of the war. He took part in the battle of Atlanta, and was with General Sherman on his famous march to the sea and around to Washington. He returned to Andrew County, and engaged in farming, and came to Buchanan County in June, 1880, and settled in Saxton. He has built many buildings in St. Joseph and Andrew County. He was married December 30, i860, to Miss Alice McLaughlin, a native of Andrew County, Missouri. She died December 13, 1873, and left four children — Rose, (now Mrs. Henry Palmer), John, George W. and Mary. Mr. B. is member of the Masonic fraternity. JAMES BOWEN, a native of Ireland, was born October 19, 1826. He came to the United States when a child, settling first in Connecticut, where he resided till the year 1849, when he moved to Cleveland, Ohio. He married Miss Mary E. Fairbanks, daughter of Jabez Fairbanks, Esq., of Vermont. By this iiiarriage he had several children, of whom six are now (1881) liv- ing : Emma A., Ella, Eliza L.. James Edward, Cora T., and Blanch R. He afterwards settled in St. Joseph, and, in 1871, was elected Council- man, serving two years of the period, during which the Missouri River bridge was being built. Mr. Bowen has devoted many years of his life to the building and operating of railroads. In 1875, Miss Eliza L., third daughter of the subject of this sketch, was married to Wm. L. Sommer, of St. Joseph. Emma received an excellent education ; is a teacher by profession, a business in which she has achieved marked success, and acquired an enviable reputation. She is now (1881) principal of the Mitchell Avenue School. ROBERT I. BOYD was born in Halifax County, Virginia, in 1808, and came to this county in 1837, and settled five miles southeast of this city. The Indians were their neighbors with but a few white families. Mr. B. started the first dry goods store in the county. He remained in trade until 1844, when he came to Blacksnake Hills, St. Joseph, and started a store in the fall under the firm name of Boyd & Moss. They continued in trade until ■857, and sold out on account of his poor health. He died in 1865. He married Kittie Moss in Boone County, Missouri, in June, 1828. They had one daughter, Isabella, who died when twelve years old. In 1867^ Mrs. Boyd was married to Dr. John H. Edwards, of Jefferson City, Mis- souri, after which he moved to this city where he lived for nine years. He died in 1876. Josiah B. Moss, her nephew, and partner with Dough- erty & Ray in the lumber business, and Ernst Edwards, her step son, now live with Mrs. Edwards. 686 BIOGRAPHICAL. J. V. BRADY, of the firm of J. V. Brady & Co., jobbers in teas and cigars, is a native of Virginia, and during his boyhood, spent his time on a farm. During the years 1863-4, he was in the government employ, transporting horses from Wheeling to Washington City. In the spring of 1865, he emigrated to St. Joseph, and commenced clerking for Nave, McCord & Co. This he continued for eight years, and in January, 1873, was admitted as a partner. He retired from the firm in January, 1880, and^on the ist of April, 1881, he engaged in his present business. WILLIAM L. BRANYAN, foreman of St. Joseph Bridge, was born in Perry County, Pennsylvania, March 4, 1834, and was there educated and learned his trade. His father, Andrew, was a puddler in the iron works, and a native of that state. Our subject came west in 1858, locating at Pleasant Hill, Cass County, Missouri, and worked at his trade until 1862, when he enlisted in the Confederate army, Co. A, Sixteenth Missouri Volunteer Infantry, serving three,, years, after which he came to St. Joseph. For a time he worked at the carpenter trade, and for five ypars followed butchering. He again engaged at his trade, and worked on the construction of the St. Joseph bridge, and the iSth of June, 1874, took the foremanship. The duties of this position he has discharged very efficiently. In 1859, Miss Christa A. Parker, of Pleasant Hill, Missouri, became his wife. They have three children, Jennie Lee, William A. and Eula May. A. F. BRAUN, general manager of Tootle & Hosea's boot and shoe factory, was born in Mecklenburg, Germany, November 7, 1844. When eight years of age, he came to the United Stages with his parents, his father locating at New Baltimore, Michigan, where our subject was reared and educated. He learned the boot and shoe trade in Detroit, and in 1872 went to St. Louis, and worked for Appleton & Noyes as cutter, and then with Geo. Gog, the largest manufacturer of boots and shoes in the city, with whom he was foreman for two years. After this he came to St. Joseph, and in May, 1879, took his present position. He is thoroughly conversant with all the details of the trade, and one of the most experienced Crispins in the West. In 1866, he married Miss Catherine Furtoh, of Michigan. They have five children, Ada, May, Henry, Lillie and Alice. Mr. B. is a Master Mason, GENERAL R. C. BRADSHAW, City Assessor, was born in Platte County, Missouri, March, 1840. In 1848, after the death of his father, his mother moved with her family to ST. JOSEPH. 687 this city. Here young EradsTi aw received his education, and in 185 1 went to learn the blacksmith's trade. In 1858, he-started a shop on the corner of Seventh and Messanie Streets, for the manufacture of wagons, which he continued until April, 1861. He took an active part in the election of Lincoln, and when the rebellion broke out, in April, 1861, he raised a company of 103 men, subsisting them himself until they joined different commands. He entered the service in June, 1861, as an enlisted man, in Company A, Peabody's Battalion, United States Reserve Corps, and a braver man did not enlist during the rebellion, and the wounds he received are evidence of his active service. After the war, he returned and continued the wagon business. In 1867, 1868 and 1869, he held the office of City Register. After this, he was appointed ticket agent of the St. Joseph and Denver Railroad, which he held for eighteen months. He is now City Assessor. He married Miss Fannie Wild, April 17, 1867, and they have three children — Fannie, Mary and Hero. HENRY BRILL, df the firm of Ernst & Brill, dealers in books and stationery, was born in Weston, Missouri, November 30, 1843. He was raised on a farm, and attended school during the winter, thereby receiving a common school education. At sixteen years of age, he came to St. Joseph and remained four years, learning the harness and saddlery trade. He started a shop in 1867 in Weston, and carried on the business for three years. In 1870, he sold out and engaged in partnership with F. C. Ernst, in the book business. Since that time their business has increased from a small paper and ■ stationery stand, until now, in addition to their extensive retail trade, are doing a jobbing trade. As a firm they are affable and accommoda- ting, hence their great popularity. He married Miss Matilda Ernst," of this city, in 1867. They have three children, Charles F., Wm. H. and Clarence Leslie. R. A. BRITTAIN, druggist, was born in Shelbyville, Kentucky, March 30th, 1823, and was there reared to manhood, educated and became proficient in pharmacy. His father, Samuel, was a carpenter and builder. In 1852, the subject of this sketch took up his abode in St. Joseph, and until 1859 was of the firm of Vanley & Brittain. He then became one of the firm of McDon- ald,, McCurdy & Brittain, but in 1861 was burnt out, which proved very disastrous to Mr. Brittain. For a number of years he was connected with different houses in the city. In 1873, he engaged in trade again, and now operates two stores, one between Fifth and Sixth, on Edmond, and one on Eighth Street between Olive and LaFayette Streets. Mr. Brittain has had many obstacles in life to contend with, but has finally 688 BIGORAPHICAL. succeeded in securing a competency. In 1850, he married Miss Margaret Evans, of Henderson, Kentucky. They have a family of three children, E. A., Robert S. and Thomas E. Himself and wife are members of the M. E. church south. JAMES G. BRIGHT, carpenter and builder. Among those who iigured in the early building interests of St. Joseph was this gentleman, who was born in Clark County, Kentucky, April 22nd, 18 14. At an early age, he removed to Boone County, that state, where he resided until he attained his seventeenth year, then becoming a resident of Cincinnati, Ohio. There he learned the carpenters and builders trade. In 1842, he located in Missouri, residing for a time at Booneville and other points. In the spring of 1844, he took up his abode in St. Joseph where he has since been actively following his trade, with the exception of two years spent in California, going there in 1850 and returning in 1852. Mr. Bright worked on many of the old land marks, which have been torn down the past few years. Few Buchanan County pioneers are more widely and popularly known than Mr. Bright. He is unassuming in his demeanor and unchangeable- in the tenor of ways. He is a member of the I. O. O. F. THOMAS J. BROWN, farmer and stock dealer, section eight, post office St. Joseph, was born in Nodaway County, Missouri, September 7, 1844. He came to Buchanan County in 1862, and was for one year, during the war, engaged in freight- ing to New Mexico. With this exception, he has made farming his occu- pation during his life. His farm consists of 220 acres, and his improve- ments are above the average. He was married December 10, 1865, to Miss Sarah Leonard, who was born in this county June 21, 1845. They have seven children : Laura V., Maggie D., Lena, Ida V., Mary E., Edgar L., and one infant. J. R. BROWN, of the firm of Brown & Leverich, blacksmiths, is a native of Logan County, Indiana, and was born February 7, 1838. When young, he removed to Keosauqlaa, Iowa, where his father, John, located with his family for a short time, and then came to Andrew County, Missouri. J. R. came to St. Joseph in 1861, and here learned his trade, and has since been a constant resident, with the exception of his term in the army. He was in the state militia, and in 1863, enlisted in the Twelfth Missouri Regiment, participating in many of the stirring events, and serving one year on the plains after the war was over, when he was hon- orably discharged. Returning to St. Joseph, hehas since been employed ST. JOSEPH. 689 at his trade, in which he is quite proficient. In 1880, he formed a part- nership with George Leverich. Mr. Brown has been twice married, first in 1862, to Miss Martha Rains, who died in 1868, leaving one daughter living, Mary E. He was again married in September, 1876, to Flora Ratliff. They have two children, Ono and Ora. JOHN BRODER was born in Middlebury, Vermont, July 14, 1830, and came to St. Joseph in i860. He was an overseer of the railroad track laying, and well posted in all that pertains to the business, having commenced it in 1849, and it was his business until 1873. He was with Davis Carpenter, Jr., for five years ; he laid the first bar of iron west of the Missouri River or in Kansas. In 1874, he was elected City Marshal and served for two years. In 1876, he was elected one of the School Board and has served very acceptably ever since. He married Miss R. C. Cole, of Oswego, New York, September 15, 1859. JOHN BROSI, manufacturer of tinware and contractor in sheet iron and copper work, was born in Pittsburg, Pennsylvania, May 14, 1838, and was raised, edu- cated, and learned his trade in his native city. In 1857, his father, John, Sr., emigrated to Missouri with his family. They located on a farm in Andrew County, where they still reside. After a short sojourn in Mis- souri, John, Jr., returned to Pittsburg. At the breaking out of the rebel- lion, he tendered his services to the cause of the Confederacy, enlisting in the Third Louisiana Infantry. Participated at the battles of Wilson's Creek, Pea Ridge, Corinth, luka and others. Was honorably discharged at the close of the rebellion. In 1867, he took up his abode in St. Joseph, where he has since been in trade. He commands an ample share of the trade. Mr. Brosi is a good conversationalist, and keeps well read in the current literature of the day. Is a member of the I. O. O. F. NORTON BROOKER is one of the most thoroughly skilled and well known millwrights in the northwest. He is a native of London, England, and was born in that part of the famous city known as Surry, on the 30th of April, 1837 ; was there raised, educated and learned his trade. In 1865, he came to Amer- ica, and, after spending two years in the mountains, took up his abode in St. Joseph, where he has since, principally, made his headquarters, doing work in Kansas, Nebraska, Iowa and other states. For a few years he was in the employ of Tood & Alderman, mill furnishers, St. Louis, as their agent on the road. He built the mill at Easton, for Messrs. Boone 690 BIOGRAPHICAL. & Yates, and others in close proximity to St. Joseph. He is well posted in all the latest improvements connected with the milling business. HERMAN BRUNSING was born in Berlin, Prussia, June 8th, 1829, and lived there until four years of age, and then went to Ruppin and attended a gymnasium until seventeen years of age, when he entered the army and remained in the military service until i860. After leaving the army, he engaged in mer- cantile pursuits with unsatisfactory results. He decided to emigrate to America, and in 1864 landed at New York, and enlisted in the Tenth New Jersey Infantry, and served until the close of the war. He returned to New York, and thence to Chicago, and after a year's residence in the latter place he came to this city in 1866, and engaged in the manufac- ture of vinegar, which he continued for some time. In 1873, he was appointed local agent of the United States Postal Department, and in 1875 engaged in a general insurance business^ In 1879, he purchased an interest in the Volksblatt, which has since been conducted under the firm name of Brunsing & Co., mention of which is made in the article entitled ■"The Press." Mr. Brunsing was married December S, 1853, to Miss Matilda Lehman. She was was born in Landsberg, December S, 1831. Their family consists of four children, Clara, Emile, Elise and Hedwig. £mile was register clerk in postoffice for four years. BRYANT'S BUSINESS COLLEGE, Thomas J. Bryant, A. M., L. L. B., President. Prominent among the ;great educational institutions in the West, for the past seventeen years, is Bryant's Business College. The institution was established in the autumn of 1864, by Professor T. J. Bryant, and up to the spring of 1881, the college register indicates 2,138 pupils who had entered for a com- plete business course. Many of these are engaged in business in differ- ent states and territories, while others are holding responsible and lucrative positions in banking houses and all departments on the great -commercial wave of industry throughout the entire country. The thousands of testimonials received by the college is a sufficient guaran- tee that the satisfaction it has given to those who have been attendants. Professor Bryant is a native of Kentucky, and was principally educated in Cincinnati, Ohio. His early aim was to become proficient as an instructor in commercial and business usages, and for over thirty years has been a successful teacher in these important branches. For fifteen years, he was associated with Bryant & Stratton's Commercial College of Cincinnati. When six years of age, he lost almost the entire use of both legs by disease, which debarred him from all callings requiring physical powers. At the age of fourteen, his parents . died, leaving him ST. JOSEPH. 691 comparatively without other resources than his mind, which was soon devoted to such sciences as seemed the most useful and practical. He was soon recognized as an unsurpassed teacher in penmanship, drawing and the English branches. Graduating at the leading commercial insti- tute at the time, and finding its instructions superficial and impractical, he entered several others with the same result, and has since labored to remedy the difficulty. While teaching under the supervision of the late Joseph Ray, close to leading commercial colleges of the time, he was continually noting the deficiencies of their pupils and seeking such rem- edies as could be obtained from books and experienced accountants, which initiated the course he has so energetically pursued for many years, during which he has visited the leading business centers, and has continually introduced the improvements best adapted to business and the comprehension of students. Long experience convinced him that though intimate with the details of business and the general nature of accounts, he could not explain the reasons for many things, sufficiently to remove the doubts of his pupils without a practical and comprehen- sive knowledge of law, political economy and similar branches. He lost no time in taking the degrees at one of the best law schools, and em- ploying the best lecturers and teachers in utilizing these branches to the course of instruction which has generally been but imitated elsewhere, but is now demanded throughout the entire country as the only one approved of by well informed business men of all classes. PHILIP BUDDY « was born July 25th, 1825, in Berks County, Pennsylvania. After having received his education, he served his apprenticeship as carpenter from 1841 to 1844, in Adams County, Pennsylvania. Desiring to become independent, he went to Frederick City, Maryland, where he opened a carpenter shop, and remained up to 1866, then going to Cincinnati, Ohio. He came to St. Joseph and opened a carpenter shop in March, 1868, was very successful and has done his full share in building up this city. Many fine buildings were erected by him. He was married Sep- tember 1st, 1852, at Frederick City, Maryland, to Miss Sophia M. Stein. They had ten children, six of whom are living : Charles Allen, born in 1856; Catharine Elizabeth, 1859; Philip Perry, 1861 ; Allen Lee, April 9, 1864; Joseph Allen, September, 1872; Pauline, March, 1875. Four are deceased: Louis, born in 1853, died in 1855 ; Wm. Albert, born October, 20, 1866, died in July, 1868; Sophie M.; born in October, 1869, died in March, 1870, and Bradley B., born in March, 1871, died in August, 1871. GEORGE BUELL was born in Jefferson County, New York, where he received a limited education. He was brought up in a woolen mill, and, at the age of eigh- 692 BIOGRAPHICAL. teen, was intrusted with the management and direction of a factory in Illinois. In 1848, he moved to St. Joseph, and there engaged in the flouring business, at the same time operating two custom carding rolls. In 1852, his father built, in St. Joseph, a small woolen mill, at that time the only one west of the Mississippi River. In 1856, he erected a saw mill, which he operated till i860, achieving success in both enterprises. In 1852, he married Miss Juliette Bancroft, a native of Missouri. By this union he had six children. In 1862, he lost his wife. In 1865, he married Miss Clara Mapstone, a native of Michigan, by whom he has had two children. Mr. Buell, in common with many others, encountered severe losses during the period of the civil war. He has recovered from ■ these, however, and ranks with the substantial business men of St. Joseph. He has served two terms in the City Council, and has held important positions in banks and other corporations. He is, at present, engaged in the manufacture of woolen fabrics, and is President of the Buell Manufacturing Company, a corporation organized under the laws of the state, and including in its membership Geo. Buell, W. N. Buell, J. W. Bailey and J. S. Lemon. The woolen mill is one of the most exten- sive and popular in this section of the west, and constitutes an import- ant factor in the manufacturing wealth of the city. JOHN G. BULLING, merchant, is a native of Germany, and was born in Wurtemberg, January 13, 1832. Was there educated and resided until 1854, when he emigrated to the United States, coming direct to St. Joseph. He arrived on the 17th of May, and engaged in farming in Wayne and Center Town- ships, in this county, and continued in that capacity until 1869, when he embarked in merchandising in St. Joseph. For a time he was in part- nership with John Graff, and also had an interest with Mr. George Sey- fried, in an establishment on Eleventh Street. Mr. Bulling carries a very complete stock of dry goods, notions, etc. His long sojourn in the county has given him a wide acquaintanceship, and he commands a large and lucrative trade. He was married in 1859, to Miss Mary Hill, a native of Clay County, Missouri. By this union they have six children — Albert, Louis, Robert, John, Mary Josephine and Laura. Mr. B. is a member of the I. O. O. F., Humboldt Lodge, the Foresters, of which he is Chap- lain, and the Druids and the German Benevolent Society, being one of the Directors. COLONEL LEWIS BURNES was born in Dayton, Ohio, in 181 1. He afterwards moved to Indiana, and was, for several terms, a member of the General Assembly of the latter state. In 1838, he moved to Platte County, Missouri, and at once ST. JOSEPH. 693 became an honored member of society there, and a staunch and reliable business man. In 1842, he was chosen State Senator from the counties of Platte, Clay and Ray, and occupied his seat until 1850. He was the associate and peer of such men as Governor Stewart, Hon. James S. Rollins, Claiborne F. Jackson, and others, and was an active participant in the memorable contest between the Benton and anti-Benton Democ- racy. He was the Colonel commanding a regiment under the old militia law, and was several times called into active service in the Indian cam- paigns on the frontier. He was, at the period of his death, which occurred in St. Joseph, on Monday morning, November 17, 1879, a lawyer of forty years standing, and eminent in the profession. In Platte County he accumulated a handsome fortune, and was regarded as one of the ablest and cleverest men in the county. Not long before the breaking out of the war, he transferred his residence to Leavenworth, Kansas, and at once engaged in business there in an energetic and enterprising manner. While in Leavenworth, he added greatly to his private fortune and possessed legions of ardent friends. He afterwards emigrated to Salt Lake City, and for a few years engaged in mining and other enterprises. Return- ing to the states, he purchased the St. Joseph Gazette, and from that time up to the period of his death, was an honored citizen of St. Joseph. He left a wife and two daughters, and five grand-children. These were Mrs. Smedley, of Salt Lake City, and her two children, and Mrs- Victoria Stoddart, of Kirwin, Kansas, and her three children. Being a man of remarkable energy and enterprise, he always delighted in the prosperity and greatness of our common country. He was a consistent Democrat all his life, and conscientiously believed in the principles of the party, but he was never arrogant in expressing his opinions, or desirous of abridging the political rights and privileges of others. No man ever endeared himself to his subordinates more than Mr. Burnes did while he was the controlling spirit of the St. Joseph Gazette, and he went to the grave possessing the respect, admiration and love of all the attaches of the paper. THOS. J. BURGESS, Sr., farmer and breeder of fine stock. Sec. 2 ; postofifice, St. Joseph. Was born in Mason County, Kentucky, June 15, 1828, and was reared on a farm, and educated in the common schools and academies. In March, 1850, he came to St. Joseph, and during this same year he took a freight train to California, and located in Nevada City, Nevada County. At this point he studied law, and was admitted to the bar, before the Cir- cuit Judge, Wm. T. Barber, and acted as an associate judge of this court for four years. He was also the first Assessor of the county. After his term of office expired, he continued the practice of his pro- 694 BIOGRAPHICAL. fession till 1858, when he returned to St. Joseph, and was engaged in the practice of law for some time. Was Deputy Sheriff for two, years, under R. P. Richardson, and has also acted as Deputy Collector two years, and was elected to the same office for two years. In the fall of 1878, he moved to his present location, since which time he has been engaged in agricultural pursuits, his landed estate consisting of nearly 300 acres. His home farm, containing the greater part, which is finely improved, has also a fine orchard. His farm is well supplied with w^ter of ever flowing springs, by which he has made a large fish pond, which is stocked with government fish. He was married December 22, 1859, to Miss' Martha P. Owens. She was born April 22, 1841, and is a native of Maryland. They have four children living : Abbie E., Martha W., Ida L. and Thos. J., Jr. He is a Master Mason and Sir Knight. ANDREW. BURVENICH was born in Cologne, Germany, April 22d, 1826, and was there raised to manhood and learned the trade of cabinet making. In 1856, he came to America, and the same year located in St. Joseph. For a time worked at his trade, when he engaged in contracting and building, and many structures of the city were built under his supervision. At the breaking out of the rebellion, Mr. B. tendered his services to the Union cause, enlisting in Company A, First Kansas Infantry; participated in the bat- tle of Wilson's Creek and other notable engagements; was honorably discharged after serving three years. He was married in Germany to Miss Elizabeth Schseffer. They have had nine children, eight of whom are living : Maggie, Anton, John, Mary, Andrew, Jr., Lizzie, Teresa and Henry. They lost one, Tillie. Mr. B. is a Turner and a member of the German Benevolent Society. DENNIS BURNS, grocer. Mr. Burns is a native of Ireland, and was born in County Lim- erick, July 17, 1833. In 1849, he came to America, taking up his abode in Alexandria, Virginia, where he worked at the plumber's trade and resided until the spring of 18.5-9, when he became a resident of St. Joseph. During his sojourn in the city, he was proprietor of an express wagon nine years, was on the police force several years, and for two years was constable of Washington Township. In 1875, he engaged in his present business. His long residence in the city has given him a wide acquaint- ance, and his trade will compa.re favorably with any in the place. In 1859, he married Mary Welch. By this union they have had five child- ren, Edward, John, William, Mary and Dennis, Jr. Himself and family are closely identified with the Catholic Church, and among its liberal supporters. He is a meinber of St. Patrick's Benevolent Society. ST. JOSEPH. 695 J. KATE BURGESS, proprietor of the Grand Central Livery Stable, was born in Mason County, Kentucky, March 12, 1830. His father, John D. Burgess, was a native of Maryland, and immigrated to Kentucky with his parents in his eighth year. His grandfather, Joshua, was a Virginian, and a Captain in the Revolutionary War. His mother, Lydia M. Wise, was the daughter of John Wise, of Virginia. Kate's early vocation was that of tilling the soil of Mason County, and attending the common schools. In 1853, he opened a livery stable in Millersburg, Bourbon County, Kentucky, which he con- ducted until 185s, and in that winter came to St. Joseph, engaging in the same trade until 1858, when he removed live miles south of the city. Engaged in agricultural pursuits for five years, and in 1863, commenced the stock trade in St. Joseph, continuing until 1867, when he again turned his" attention to farming. In 1874, we again find him in the livery busi- ness in St. Joseph. He is a thorough horse man, and it may be said of him, has been literally bred in the business, and his judgment among horse fanciers is considered conclusive. When a farmer, he gave his attention to the breeding of fine stock, and to him the people through- out Northwestern Missouri are indebted for raising the standard and furnishing them with the finest type of Berkshire hogs. The Grand Centriil, of which he is proprietor, is well stocked with fleet-footed road- sters, which are kept in the best of tone, the "business receiving his indi- vidual attention. In 1856, Miss Lucinda A. Holliday became his wife. She is a native of Bourbon County, Kentucky, and daughter of William Holliday, brother of Ben Holliday, of Western stage coach notoriety. Their family consists of seven children — William D., Mary M., Minnie N., W. M., John E., Katie and Guy. JOHN BURNSIDE, A person who could be a resident of St. Joseph a month and not hear of honest John, would undoubtedly be deaf There are but few men in this, city who have figured more conspicuously in its manufacturing interests in the past two and a half decades. Mr. Burnside was born September 21, 1818, in Glasgow, Scotland. His boyhood days were spent in his native city, and when of a suitable age, he learned the machinist's trade. In 1848, he came to America, residing six months at New Orleans, work- ing for the government in the mint. After this he came to St. Louis, and was for seven years in the emplpy. of Sam. Gaty. In 1855, he took up his abode in St. Joseph, first embarking in trade in a little Cot- tonwood shop, but being a skilled workman he kept gaining ground, until he was on terra firma. For a number of years he was the senior meinber of the firm of Burnside, Crowther & Rogers. He is a self-made 696 • BIOGRAPHICAL. man, and demonstrates the fact that much can be accomplished where there is a will to execute. He was the choice of the citizens of the Fourth Ward for two terms, as Councilman, and while there acquitted himself creditably. He was married in 1844, to Miss Margaret Mcintosh. He is a Mason, belonging to the Blue Lodge, Chapter, Council Com- mandery and Eastern Star, also the Knights of Pythias, I. O; O. F., and Encampment. ANTON BURVENICH, druggist, is a native of Germany, and came to the United States with his parents when quite young. His father, Andrew, was among the early settlers of St. Joseph. Anton was here raised, educated and learned his profession. He is popularly known in the city and throughout the county, and commands a fair share of the trade. BUTCHER & HUMMEL, fresco and ornamental painters. This enterprising firm embraces two very excellent workmen. Mr. F. G. Butcher is a native of Loudon County, Virginia, and was born in 1848, and there resided until i860, when he came to Missouri, where he learned his trade. After learning his trade, he worked for a number of years in Washington, D. C, Balti- more, and other points. He came to St. Joseph in 1873, and for some time was in the employ of the Kansas City, St. Joseph & Council Bluffs Railway Company, after which he was a resident of Chicago and other points. Returning to St. Joseph in the spring of i88o, he has since been a resident, engaged at his trade. , He is a member of the Masonic fra- ternity. Charles H. Hummel is a native of Schuylkill County, Pennsyl- vania, and came West in 1867, locating for a time in Council Bluffs. In the spring of 1881, he came to St. Joseph. As a fresco and scene artist Mr. Hummel is unexcelled in the country. Many of the fine halls throughout the Northwest have been fitted by him. He makes a spe- cialty of scenery, and in this branch of the art will rival many whose names are more familiar to the public. BUTLER & CLAY, manufacturers of hosiery and knit goods. In the manufacture of knit goods these gentlemen have attained a wide and well merited reputa- tion. They established their business in St. Joseph in 1878, and their trade has been one of a continual and solid growth. Senterlow Butler was born in Nottinghamshire, England, April 10, 1832, and was there raised and educated, his father Thomas was a manufacturer of knit goods and our subject adopted and learned that trade. In 1865, he came to America, locating in Massachusetts, and for seven years had charge of ST. JOSEPH. 697 the first-class work in the Boston Manufacturing Company, at Waltham, which position required experience and ability. He worked at other points in the eastern states, and in 1878 came to St. Joseph. He married in 1853, Miss Emily Snell. By thisu nion they had four children, Mary A. (now Mrs. J. Burlington), Anna, (now Mrs. Dempsey), Rebecca, (now Mrs. Procter), Elizabeth M., (now Mrs. Gaskins). Mr. Butler is a mem- ber of the I. O. O. F. William Clay was born in Nottinghamshire, England, November 29, 1854, and when young, came to America with his parents, and learned the knitting business and factory work in Need- ham, Massachusetts and other points. He came to St. Joseph in 1878, and engaged in trade. He was married in 1879 to Miss Jennette Archi- bald. They have one son, William D. Mr. Clay is a member of the church of Latter Day Saints. B. F. BUZARD was born in Mahoning County, Ohio, October i6th, 1839, ^^^d lived in his native place until 1854, and then came to Missouri, and settled first in St. Joseph, and thence to Holt County, Missouri, where he remained until 185.6. At this time the Kansas excitenient so imbued him that he decided to remove to Kansas and contribute his share towards making it a free state. After a residence in Kansas until 1859, he returned to Holt County, and in 1861, in response to the call for troops to assist in putting down the rebellion of the South, he enlisted in the Twenty-fifth Missouri Infantry as a private,' and for meritorious conduct at Lexington was promoted to second lieutenant, and was assigned to duty in the First Missouri Regiment of Engineers, which was afterwards consoli- dated with Bissel's Corps of Engineers. In 1863, he was promoted to captain. He served under Grant and Sherman in the armies of the Ten- nessee and Cumberland, and in 1865 was appointed Adjutant General of the District of Nprthwest Missouri, General W. R- Penick cqnimanding. After the death of Lincoln, he resigned, and engaged in mercantile business, and was in the emplpy of the, St. Joseph Steam Printing Com- pany, of which, at the prpsent time, he is a ,stpckholder. . In 1876, he was elected city marshal. In 1874, he commenced the stock business, at first on a small scale, but it has grown to such proportions as to demand his entire time. He married Miss E.Nicholson in December, 1865. She was born in London, England. Their family consists of four children, Frank, Harry, George and Charles J. > HUGH BYRNE, roadmaster of the, Hannibal and St. Joseph Railroad. Of the railroad men «f Missouri there are few more widely known than Mr. Byrne. He is a native of Ireland, and was born in Queen's County, February 11, 1840, and was there educated and raised. His father, Timothy, was an 43 698 BIOGRAPHICAL. a.^riculturist in that country. In 1861, our subject came to America, and made his debut in railroading, on the construction of the New York and Albany Railroad, after which he- went to Cincinnati, Ohio; and was employed in the building of the, Whitewater Valley Railroad, and when the road bed was complete, he had charge of the track laying. He next came to Sedalia, Missouri, and for four /years had charge of the middle division, of the Missouri Piacific Railroad, aftef/which he. was engaged^in the construction of the Missouri, Kansas aijd Texas Railroad, continuing with that company until the road was completed to Dennison, Texas.; He next entered the employ of the Hannibal and St. Joseph Railrbad, as roadmaster on the 1 east, end, where he remained oneyear,iand since has been on other divisions. Twenty years of constant experience has made him very competent in the most essential part of railroading. He. was married in 1868, to Miss Kate Sack, of Indiana. By this union they have six children : Mary, Robert, James, Margaret, Ella and Kate. CABLES & OZENBERGER, proprietors of a grist mill, better known, as the Corby mill, Section 6. This mill is a substantial brick, building, four and one-half stories high, and contains three runs of burrs and a new and complete set of machin- ery. The present proprietors took poss,ession in January, 1881. Mr. Cables has been raised to the business and understands it thoroughly, and patrons may rely on their work with safety. B. F. CALLAWAY, contractor and buildei", one who has been interested in the building interests here, and also in the manufacturing of brick, is our subject. He is a native of Indiana, and was born in Madisori, Jefferson County, March 15, 1840. Was there raised to manhood, educated and learned the bricjc mason's trade. He came to Missouri in 1858, locating in Boon- ville, and was engaged' in contracting and building until 1869, when he took up his abode in St. Joseph. During the war, he was in the state; militia. Many of the palatial mansions and attractive business houses of St. Joseph have been erected by Mr. Callaway. He was married in i859> to Miss Susan G. Morton, of Missouri. He is a member of the I. 0. 0. F. CHARLES W. CAMPBELL was born in Winchester, Virginia, February loth, 1827. His father, Thomas B. Campbell, alsb a native of Virginia, was, by occupation, a goldsmith. The subject of this sketch was one of five children, two of whom were boys. He received an excellent education in a private academy of his native town, and embarked in mercantile pursuits, selling ST. JOSEPH. 699 goods first in his native city, for a period of abbut three years, to 1846, when he started for the West, and landed in Louisville, Kentucky ; from there he came to St. Joseph, February, 1849. His first business experi- ence in this, then embi'yo city, was in the capacity of clerk for Donnell, Saxton & Duval, dry goods merchants. He remained in this house for some time, when, in partnership' with William T. Duval, he opened a general stock of merchandise in St. Joseph. He remained in this busi- ness about thi-ee years. About 1855, he moved to Rock House Prairie, in Buchanan County, where he engaged in general merchandise, first in partnership with Duval, and afterwards alone. He also, ab'out this pei'iod, purchased and operated a farm in the neighborhood of his store. He sub- sequently received in partnership in his mercantile business his brother, T. Ed. Campbell, a Well known business man of St. Joseph, and now (1881) of the wholesale dry goods house of R. L. McDonald & Co. In 1857, he traded his stock of merchandise for a plantation in Clinton County. In 1 86 1, being a heavy loser by change of times at the breaking out of the war, his plantation was disposed of, and he returned to St. Joseph, where he engaged in business with Tootle, Fairleigh & Co., wholesale dry goods dealers, and as an active partner with Tootle, Craig & Co., whole- sale dry goods dealers, and, subsequently, in the same capacity with Tootle, Hosea & Co., in the same line of business, of which firm he is now (1881) an active member. In 1854, Charles W. Campbell married Miss Sarah Jones, daughter of Harvey Jones, an old settler of Buchanan County, and niece of Robert W. Donnell. The result of thjs union was eight children, seven sons and one daughter. Of these, all but two sons are living. Mr. Campbell has been, all his life, an active public spirited citizen, and for several years past an influential member of the City Council. His effort has ever been to promote the interests of the city of his adoption. Among the number of beneficial acts of which he is the author, are the ordinances changing the city warrants to what are known as ones and twos, creating a circulating medium, which at once caused the floating warrants of the city to advance from eighty-five, interest bearing, to par,, non-interest. As chairman of the Water Works Committee, he was influential and active in securing to the city its admirable system of Gravitation- Water Works. He is also (1881), as chairman of the City Finance Committee, successfully engaged, in con- nection with the Mayor and the committee, in exchanging the bonded indebtedness of the City, bearing interest from six to ten per cent., into twenty-year four per cent, bonds. This was, at one time, deemed impracticable, but nearly $1,000,000 have been exchanged, and the mat- ter is now pronounced a complete success. In politics, since the death of the old Whig Parly, Mr. Cartipbell has been, and is now, a staunch Democrat, and, as such, is frequently called to preside over its city and county conventions and central committees. 70© BIOGRAPHICAL. LUCIAN E, CARTER, attorney, was born, in Jefferson County, New York, April 25, 1836. He determined at an early age to acquire a thorough education, and embraced every opportunity to study. After becoming sufificiently advanced he entered Union College, and after four years of close appli- oation, he graduated with honors in 1859. The sameyear he graduated at the Law School in Albany. In i860, he removed to Yazoo, Missis- sippi, and taught, school and studied law until the war broke out, when he came to Montgomery County, Missouri, and was employed in the Danville College: to teach Latin, and Greek. After remaining a few months, he returned to Watertown, New York, and entered the law office of Hon. M.- H. Marvin, who is now a Supreme Judge of the Court at Utica. In the spring of 1862, he left the office and raised a company of one hundred and fifty men, in Jefferson County, for the Tenth New York Artillery,, and- was appointed Lieutenant. The command was sent to Sfiaten Island, where they were thoroughly drilled in all branches of artillery service. They remained at this school of drill for one year, and were then- ordered to the fortifications at Washington, D. C, remaining there on duty for nearly a year. Lieutenant Carter was detailed on spe- cial duty to accompany deta,chments of soldiers Irom New York to duty in the field. Early in June, 1864, they were ordered to Cold, Harbor, where they arrived just in time to participate in a portion of the battle. For his heroic conduct at Cold Harbor, he was promoted to a Captaincy, They were ordered to Petersburg, in time to participate in the five day's battle, June 15th. He also participated in the battles, at Ber- muda Hundred and in the Shenandoah Valley. In January, 1865, he was ordered on detached service as Division Judge Advocate at Bermuda Hundred.- March 31, 1865, he was ordered to report to his command, and was rnustered out of service in July, 1865, and returned home. He immediately entered the office of Judge Marvin, and studied with him until December, when he was admitted in Syracuse to practice. In Jan- uary, 1866, he came to St. Joseph, and entered the office of Samuel Ens- worth; Esq., with whom he formed a partnership. . B,y his strict attention to business, his good legal judgment as an adviser and genial ways, Mr. Carter has won the genial esteem of all and built up a very large practice. He married Miss Eliza G. Overall, of St. Charles, Missouri, April 27, 1870. They have three boys — Edwin O., John O. and Marvin G. WILLIAM S. CARVER, foreman of buildings for the Kansas City, St. Joseph and Council Bluffs Railroad Company. He was born in Fayette County, Pennsylvania, December, 15, 1848, and was there raised to manhood, educated, and learned the carpenter's trade. In 1868, Jie came West, and from 1871 ST. JOSEPH. 70 t until 1874, during the season, he was in the employ of the K. N. Line Packet Company, as clerk. His father, Mr. J. M. Carver, at present resides in Des Moines, Iowa, and is engaged in the manufacture of sash, doors and blinds. The subject of this sketch, for a time after coming to St. Joseph, was in the employ of R. K. Allen, and also worked in the car department for the Kansas City, St. Joseph and Council Bluffs Rail- road Company. In 1876, he took charge of the building department, a position he has retained, discharging the duties creditably to himself and to the satisfaction of the company. He was married in 1878, to Miss Annie Newell, of St. Joseph. They have one daughter. Lulu Belle. Mr. Carver is a member of the Masonic fraternity. J. W. CAUGHLAN, ff publisher of the Good Way, was born in Cabell County, Virginia, August 2, 1832. His father, John, was a teacher, and when J. W. was young, removed with his family to St. Louis, where he was raised and educated. At an early age our subject manifested a desire for the min- istry, and in 1857, took charge of the M. E. Church in St. Joseph, which was then in its infancy. In i860, he went to Savannah in the same capacity, and, until 1879, was at Macon, Hannibal and Mexico. During the rebellion, Mr. C. was First Lieutenant in the Fifth Missouri State Militia. In 1879, he established and commenced the publication of the Good Way and Temperance Bugle in Savannah, and in 1880, removed the office to St. Joseph, discontinuing the Temperance Bugle. The Good Way, under his supervision and management, has obtained a wide spread reputation and is numbered among the leading non-sectarian religious newspapers of the day. Mr. G. has devoted many years to the cause of religion and temperance, and has always been found a. success- ful and stalwart worker. He was married in Savannah, Andrew County, in 1858, to Miss Jane Miller, of that place. By this union they have six children, Charles W., N. L., Mary D., Fred W., J. W., and Helen V. CHAPMAN & CORNELL, real estate brokers, negotiators of loans, and collecting agents. M. B. Chapman, the senior.member of this firm, is a native of Lousiana, where he was born October 22d, 1846. He has been all his life a member of the M. E. Church South, and is recognized as a preacher of ability. He is at present (1881) minister in charge of the church in Weston. During ' the civil war, he served in the Confederate army, enlisting as private in the Washington Artillery of New Orleans. In the following year, he was promoted to the position of chaplain in his regiment. , He is also a mem- ber of the Masonic order.. He afterwards moved to Missouri^ settling in St. Joseph, where he married Miss Maggie Harris. Mr. Chapman was the founder and for four years editor of the Evening Chronicle, which 702 BIOGRAPHICAL. was afterwards consolidated with the Gazette, and for some time pub- lished as the GazettC'Chronicle. H. N. Cornell was born in the State of Vermont, November i6, 1828, and at the age of seven years his parents moved West, stopping for a short season in New York and Pennsylvania. He served in the United States navy, and was, from 1844, two and one- half years on the steamer Michigan. He then learned the saddle and harness business. In 1850, he passed through St. Joseph on his way to California, in an overland trip, returning to old. Fort Kearney, now Nebraska City, where he carried on for several years the saddle and har- ness business. April 14, 1861, he -married Miss Mary H. Deneen, a native of Indiana, by whom he has had six children. In 1864, he crossed the plains to Idaho, with his own freight train, a venture in which he lost all he had. In 1867, he returned to St. Joseph, and the following year, again engaged in business. In 1880, the present partnership of Chapman & Cornell was formed. CHAMBERS, MARNEY & CO., wholesale and retail dry goods dealers on Felix, between Fifth and Sixth Streets, rank with the eminently successful men of this country.' Com- mencing in 1866, with exceedingly limited capital, they soon succeeded in building up a retail trade second to none in their line in St. Joseph. Exclusive of their wholesale trade, they did, in 1880, a retail business of $175,000. Their store, in one of the most elegant blocks in the city, is one of the most attractively arranged and substantially stocked in St. Joseph. Till 1 881, the firm was Chambers & Marney. R.H.Chambers, the senior member, a native of Canada, was born in 1838; he has resided in the United States from early boyhood, and was educated in the dry goods business, a calling which he has pursued all his life with unfailing success. He was married to Miss Alice C. Wheelock, in Ogdensburg, New York. By this marriage he has three children, two boys and a girl. E. L. .Marney was born in Rouse's Point, New York, in September, 1841; here he received his early and subsequent business education. From 1857 to 1859, when he embarked in his present business, Mr. Marney was 1 actively engaged in railroading. In 1873, he married Mrs. Colum- bia Williams, in Atchison, Kansas. There is no more popular business man in St. Joseph than E. L. Marney. The Co. of the concern is Mr. C G. Sampson, formerly a clerk in the establishment. Previous to his becoming a meniber of the firm in 1881, Mr. Sampson had been engaged in mining in Colorado. PROF. T. C. CHAPMAN, of the St. Joseph Normal Business College, is a native of Ohio, and was born in Hiram, Portage County, June 27, 1842. His primary education was received in the common schools, and he also attended the Western ST. JOSEPH. 703 Reserve Eclectic Institute, when, the now President of the United States, J. A. Garfield, was principal. He completed his classical course at Geneva, Ohio, and graduated in penmanship at the Cleveland Business College. On the 17th of August, 1862, he tendered his services to the Union cause, and enlisted in Company D, 104th Ohio Volunteer Infantry, participated in the Georgia campaign, and many noted engagements of the rebellion. He was honorably discharged at Greensboro, North Car- olina, in 1865. Returned to Ohio, residing there until 1871, when he became a resident of St. Joseph. For about a year, he was instructor in Bryant's Business College- and, for a time, was bodkkeeper for the St. Joseph Building and Loaii Association, and three years teacher of pen- manship in the public schools. ' On the 20th of December, 1880, he opened the St. Joseph Normal Business Institute. Mr. Chapman has established a i-eputation in St. Joseph as a successful teacher of penman- ship, bookkeeping and an instructor on commercial law. He has had a varied experience, is a close student, and has received the commenda- tions of the press and the people. The Normal Business Institute is in its infancy, but with Pfof. Chapman, as its Faculty, it is destined, in the near future, to figure among the leading educational institutes of the Northwest. Our subject married December ist, 1 880, Miss Cassie Brunts, of St Joseph. F. A. CHASE, Master Mechanic for the K. C, St. J. & C. B. R. R., is a native of Ashta- bula County, Ohio, and was born August 18, 1836. At an early age he removed with his parents to Windsor, Vermont, where he was raised and educated. His father, John F., was a native of New Hampshire, and his mother, Mary Cummings, was born in Vermont. F. A. commenced to learn his trade when thirteen years of age, in the machine shops of Rob- bins & Lawrence, his wiages being forty cents per day. He remained in this establishment eight years, and became thoroughly proficient with all the details of machinery. As he advanced in the knowledge of his adopted profession, so likewise did his salary increase, and before his quitting the place he filled the most responsible position and commanded the largest salary. He eventually drifted West, and for several years was in the employ of the Detroit Locomotive Works, at Detroit, Michi- gan ;' after which, he worked with the C, B. & Q. Co. as machinist ; after- wards as fireman, and eventually as engineer, continuing in the latter capacity about ten years. As engineer, was for a time on freight, thence to passenger,' and finally was placed in charge of pay car and specials. For about. three years he had charge of the round house at Aurora, Illi- nois, for the' same company. In the autumn of 1880, he accepted his present position. Mr. Chase has had a broad and varied experience as a machinist and railroad man, and is one of the most thoroughly proficient 704 BIOGRAPHICAL. to be found in the United States. He is prompt, methodical, perfectly- reliable, and resolute in all his undertakings. He married in 1861, Miss Fannie B. Cummings, of New Hampshire. They have one daughter — Nettie. G. ,B. CHASE, builder of engines and general iron worker. Of the proficient and skilled machinists in the northwest, Mr. Chase occupies a prorninent position. He is a native of Portspjouth, New Hampshire, and was born March 5, 1848. When 16 years of age, he went to Pawtucket, Rhode Island, where he learned his trade in the establishment of Nat Colyer, after which he migrated to Syracuse,, New York. For . three years he was in the rivet, department of Frazier & Byrnes, resided in Syracuse seven years and then removed to Ft. Wayne, Indiana, and after a ten years' sojourn came to Ottumwa, Iowa, residing there one year, thence to SL Joseph, and for a time was foreman for Burnside, Crowther & Rogers, and afterward was one of the Lincoln Manufacturing Cornpany^ In August, 188.0, he became one of the firm of Chase, Riblet & Co. This co-partnership existed until the spring of 1881, when Mr. Chase embarked in trade alone. He is a close observing man and combines the practical with the theoretical. In 1864, he enlisted in Company E., First Maine Heavy Artillery, passing through the usual routine of warfare, and was honorably discharged in 1865. His wife, who was formerly Miss Eliza- beth Warner, he married in 1869. By the union they have five children, Inez, Frankie, Charles, William and Leo. MAJOR T. J. CHEW was born in Columbus, Ohio, in the year 1838;, he was the oldest of a family of three children, besides a halfrsister older than himself Anthony S. Chew, his father, was a native of Connecticut, a distinguished graduate of Yale College, and a law;yer by profession. In 1836, he moved to Ohio and settled in Cincinnati, where he formed a law partner- ship with the celebrated Thomas Corwin, who afterwards achieved a national reputation. The style of the. firm was Corwin & Chew. The subject of this sketch received a liberal education, first in Heron's Semi- nary, and afterwards in Brooks' Preparatory Classiqal School, both private institutions of. high order in Cincinnati. At the age of sixteen he visited Iowa. From 1858 to 1861, he was engaged in the insurance business in the city of New York. In the latter year he moved his residence to St. Joseph, where he permanently located, pursuing, for a brief period, his old calling, the insurance business; he then embarked in the wholesale grocery trade in partnership with several others, the style of the firm being Koch, Chew & Co. In this he continued till 1 874,, when he embarked in the ST. JOSEPH. 705: brokerage business. In 1861, he married Miss K.. M. Forbes, a native of New York. The fruit of this marriage was one child, who died in infancy. He served during the civil war on the staff of General Hall and of twelve other generals; he also served as quartermaster of the department of St. Joseph, with the rank of major, from 1862 to 1865. He has long been recognized as an enterprising and public-spirited citi- zen. During the years 1872 and 1873, he filled, to the entire satisfaction of all concerned, the position of President of the Board of Trade of St. Joseph, and has been uniformly identified with the best interests of the city. A. M. CHESMORE, dealer in standard farm machinery, wagons and grass seeds, general agent for manufacturing company's goods, Buckeye grain drills. Barley's reversible tooth harrow, D. M. Osborne's goods, Minnesota Chief thresher,. Garr, Scott & Go's, threshers, engines, etc. Mr. Ghesmore established this business in 1878. He is a native of Massachusetts, and emigrated to Missouri in 1863. He was raised a farmer, and was married in i864_ to Miss Lucy E. Brown, a native of New Hampshire. They have six children. He is a Mason and a member of the Missionary Baptist Church. By a fire, in 1879, ^^ sustained a severe loss. GHARLES GHESNUT, of the firms of Chesnut & Son, dealers in stoves and tinware, G. & P. E. Chesnut, grocers, and G. & P. E. Ghesnut, livery. Few of the represen- tative business men of St. Joseph have been more actively engaged in various branches of industry than Gharles Chesnut. He is a native of Laurel County, Kentucky, and was born in 1834. His father Abraham,, was among the early settlers of that state, and died when Gharles was young. In 1850, our subject came to Missouri, locating in Chariton County, where he was raised to manhood and educated. His boyhood days were spent in tilling the soil. In 1863, he became a resident of Buchanan County, farming one year, after which he located in Platte County, residing there until 1865, when we find him in St. Joseph, engaged in the grocery trade,, which he still pursues with a considerable degree of success. In 1876, he became the senior member of the firm of C. & P. E. Chesnut, liverymen. In 1851, Miss Mary E. Blakely, a native of Kentucky, became his wife, and by this union they have one son living, William, a promising young gentleman, and the junior member of the firm. Mr. Ghesnut is a member of the Masonic fraternity, being a Master Mason and a member of the Chapter, and also a Forester. P. E. CHESNUT, of the firm of C. & P. E. Chesnut, livery. Among the popular gentle- men of St. Joseph, Pleasant, as he is usually called, occupies a front 7o6 BIOGRAPHICAL. rank. He was born in Laurel County; Kentucky,:ApriL4, 1840, and was raised in the agricultural district, his father, Abraham, being a farmer- In 1859, he removed to Platte , County, Missouri. Here he remained until the breaking out of the rebellion, when, his sympathies being with the South, he tendered his services in defense of the Confederate cause, and enlisted as. Second Lieutenant in General' Parson's Brigade,' Tenth Missouri Infaritry, participated .in many of the notable events of the memorable, conflict, being honorably discharged at the close. In 1865, he engaged in the grocery business, and, in 1876, became the junior member in the livery business of C. & P. E. Chesnut. He is a member of the Blue Lodge, Chapter and Council. His wife, formerly Miss Allie Kirby, of. St. Joseph, he married in December, 1877. They ha,ve one son, Guy. JAMES T. CHURCHILL, one of the pioneer and first-class artists who for twenty-seven years has been catering to the wants of th^ St. Josephites, is our subject. He was born in Shelby County, Kentucky, March 6, 1829, and was there, raised and learned his trade. He came to St. Joseph, in 1853, and has done much of the superior sign and ornamental painting here. W. B. CHURCHILL. A veteran printer and painter in St. Joseph is found in the person of W. B. Churchill, who was born in Shelby County, Kentucky, February ^3; 1837. In early life he learned the printer's , trade, and came to St. Joseph in 1855, arriving on the 19th of May; he commenced to learn the trade of painting with his brother, James T., which profession he fol- lowed until 1861. When the St. Joseph Herald was established, he took the foremai][ship of the office, and was in that employ at different times for over five years. Aside from that he has, confined himself to painting. He has been twice married. On the 25th of February, 1858, Miss M. A. Williamson, of Shelbyville, Kentucky, became his wife ; she died August 15, 1857. Mr. C. was again married, in 1875, to Miss Mary J. Fulton, of Shelbyville, Kentucky. By his first marriage he had one daughter, Lenora. By the latter union, he had three children, Fulton, Willie and Virginia. MILTON M. CLAGGETT was born October 2, 1827, in Maryland; was raised a farmer, and received his education in the common schools of «the county. He came to Missouri in 1858, and to this county in i860, settling in St. Joseph in 1864. He bought a farm, partially improving it until 1879, when he sold out and went into the grain business with Mr. Willis, forming the firm of ST. JOSEPH. 707 Willis & Claggett. They had large contracts: with the Government in furnishing grain, and were also largely engaged for many years in freight- ing to Denver, Montana,.' Salt Lake, etc. They clos'ed the business in 1867. In 1868, he associated with him Mr. C. Evans, and contracted to build one hundred miles of the St. Joseph and Denver City Railroad, which they built in 1870 and 1871. In 1876, he was elected County Col- lector, and served two years. He has been one of the Directors in the Merchants' Insurance Company for many years. Mr. Claggett is a descend- ant of Bishtip Claggett, of Maryland, who was one of the most distinguished in the church. In 1879, he was appointed Coal Oil Inspector by the Governor. He married Sarah E. Boteler, in Maryland, in 185 1. They have four children living — Clara B., Edith E., Henry M. and Sarah' E: In 1863-4, Captain Claggett commanded Company D; Eighty-first Regi- ment Enrolled Missouri Militia, for thirteen months. ' G. W. CLAYTON, of the firm of G. W. Clayton & Co., junk dealers, is a native of Virginia, and was born in Petersburg, September 3, 1847, His father was a cousin of Henry Clay, and a gentleman favorably known in that country. G. W. was educated, and resided in his native state, until the breaking out of the rebellion, and then, a mere boy, he shouldered his musket and went to the front in defense of the Confederate cause, and served faithfully until the close. After the war, he went to Mt. Pleasant, Iowa, and for seven years was one of the overseers and managers of the State Insane Asylum, after which he was connected with the State Insane Asylum,' at Jacksonville, Illinois, for three and a half years. He then came to St. Joseph, and^fbr four years was an employe in Asylum No. 2. . Mr. Claytori is a man of clear judgment, and has a peculiar adaptability for managing the unfortunates — while associated with the different asylums he was eminently successful in his management. In the autumn of 1879, he engaged in his present business, which has steadily increased. In 1869, Miss Lucy A. Sturtevant, of Illinois, became his wife. She is the daugh- ter of Colonel C. C. Sturtevant, a prominent citizen of that state. JOHN CLARK, contractor, is one who has been interested in macadamizing our streets, and has done the larger portion of the work in this city. He is a native of Liverpool, England, and was born January 27, 1818. He became pro- ficient in stone and brick masonry in his native country, and there resided until 1849, when he came to America, locating in Hartford, Con- necticut. There he pursued his vocation until 1857, when he came West and engaged in agricultural pursuits in Dakota County, Nebraska, and in 1859, came to St. Joseph, where he has since been actively engaged in 708 BIOGRAPHICAL. contracting/ He married Miss Mary Ann Jennings, on the lOthof Feb- ruary, 1840. They have had nine children, five of whom are living: James, John, Joseph M., George B. and Rose A. The four deceased are: William H., Charles, Elizabeth and an infant. NEAL CLIFFORD, dealer in staple and fancy groceries. Mr. James Clifford, took. up his residence here in 1853; he pursued the vocation of draying, and for upwards of twenty years was employed in this capacity by W. R, Penick; his demise occurred December 9, 1880. His son, Neal, was born in Independence, Missouri, April 4, 1857 ; when two years of age he came to St. Joseph, and was here reared and educated. In 1870, he went South, locating temporarily at different points, eventually becoming a resident of Leadville, Colorado, when that place was in its infancy. For a time he was engaged in the restaurant business; also mining, and, in the charcoal and wood trade. In 1880, he returned to St. Joseph, arid, in the spring of 1881, engaged in his present business; he is one of St. Joseph's popular young men, and has a fair share of the trade. CHARLES H. CLIFF, produce and commission merchant, • is a native of Missouri, and was born in St. Louis County, May 27, .1844; he came to St. Joseph with his parents in 1852; his father, Mr. Robert H. Cliff, was closely identified with the commercial interests of this city until the breaking out of the rebellion. Charles was raised to manhood and educated in Buchanan County; he was one of the first riders of the historical pony express, being on the division between St. Joseph and Seneca. For fifteen years he was engaged in agricultural pursuits. In the spring of 1881, he engaged in his present business. Mr. Cliff has seen the growth and development of St. Joseph, and has been closely associated with its commercial inter- ests. He is a gentleman in every sense of the word, and a business man of great ability. Was married, in 1867, to Miss Elizabeth Peltier, of St. Joseph. By this union they have had four children, Agnes, John, Charles, and an infant. Mr. C. is a member of the Foresters. J. H. COLLINS was born in Lewis County, New York, December 19, 1847. He was raised on a farm until he attained his fifteenth year, and then commenced to learn the trade he now pursues in Boonville, of the Empire State, working in other towns before completing it. In 1868, he came to St. Joseph, opened a shop, and has since been spreading white lead, distem- per colors, etc., with a considerable degree of success. He is a finished ST. JOSEPH. 709 workman in the artistic line, and in paper hanging he is the ne plu^ ultra. In 1873, becoming aware that in order to be successful in any calling it was requisite to have a partner, he married Miss M. Mclntyre. They have had two children, one of whom is living, Alice, and William, deceased. , EMILY SIBLEY COLT, M. D., wife of C. C. Colt, Esq., of St. Joseph, is a daughter of Elisha Sibley, of Henrietta, Monroe County, New York, and here she was born February 27, 1839. After receiving a fair business education at the common schools, she entered the Wesleyan Seminary, of Lima, New York, and was in due time graduated from this Institution, with honor. In 1864, she married in Monroe County, New York, C. C. Colt, Esq. They have by this marriage two chilren — Gertrude Agatha and Irving Sibley. In i865i they went West, and settled on a farm near Easton, Buchanan County, Missouri. In 1872, they moved to St. Joseph. Endowed with an excellent education, and inspired with an ardent desire of devoting the means afforded by litetary and scientific opportunities, to the benefit of suffering humanity, Mrs. Colt determined to qualfy herself for the pro- fession of medicine. She accordingly devoted the energies of her intel- lect and two years of her titne to the pursuit of his study, under the guidance of a skillful physician of St. Joseph. She afterwards attended the lectures of Hahnemann Homoeopathic Medical College, ChicagOi from which institution she was graduated with high honor and the degree of M. D., in February, 1881. THOMAS CONRAD, an early settler of St. Joseph, was born April 20, 182 1, and came to Buchanan County in May, 1844, where he remained but a short time. The great flood which occurred at that time led many to believe that Savannah would be the future metropolis of the northwest. He engaged in business at this point with his brother, the relation existing until 1849. During the year 1848, he was teacher of the public school at this place. In 1849, he went to California and remained until 1852, when he returned to Savannah and embarked in business with A. G. Clark, who was associated with. him until his death. In 1858, the firm removed to St. Joseph, and A. C. Craig became a member of the firm. In 1863, Mr. Conrad went to Montana, where he was interested in ^ business until his death, which occurred in September, 1880. He was a man of strong will, very presevering and upright in all his actions. His message to his children, when dying, was for them to be true to themselves, their country, and their God. J. B. CONKLIN was born in Morgan County, Ohio, November 4, 1840. His father, B. W. .Conklin, was a Major in the Revolutionary War, under the after- 710 BIOGRAPHICAL. j^ards notorious AafOn Burr. He participated in the famous Sandy Hook engagement in 1812. After the war, he located in Ohio, and for a number of years was identified with politics in the Buckeye State, and was a member of the legislature. He was the instigator of the Musk- ingum River improvement. The Conklin family are of English,J Scotch, French and German extraction. J. B. spent his boyhood days in his native state and Virginia, securing the benefits, of; the common schools. He clerked. . in a general merchandise store two years, and after- wards was employed on the river for a niiniber. of seasons. He eventually located at Baton Rouge, Louisiana, where for four years he clerked in the merchandise establishment of Solomon Benjamin. Dur- ing this time he acted, as fog pilot when required,, his familiarity with the river, which he obtained during his clerkship, giving him this insight. In 1861, the distant West attracted his attention, and for five years he devoted his time to mining in California arid Arizona. On returning, in 1867, he stopped at St. Joseph, engaging as bookkeeper for Bell & Lowell, lumber dealers. Subsequently he took charge of the yard, remaining in their employ until 1876, when he opened a yard in connec- tion with Mr. Wiltz, of Chicago, which, partnership continued until December, 1880. Mr. D. M,, McDonald then became a partner. Mr. Conklin is well known in Buchanan County, his career during his sojourn in this city being that of an active business man. Miss Lucy A- Patterson, a native of Fairmount, Virginia, became his wife in 1867. They have had four children, two of whom are living, Emma Blanche and Estelle. M. CONNELLY, boot and shoemaker, was born in County Cork, Ireland, November 5, 1830, and was raised and educated in his native county until he attained his twentieth year. Then came to the United States, taking up his abode in Cincinnati, Ohio, where he conimenced to learn his trade, finishing it in St. Louis. In 1853, he removed to Lexington, Missouri, and in the autumn of 1854, came to St. Joseph. He pursues the ev6n tenor of his way, is unassuriiing, commands hosts of friends, and he does a thriving business. He married January 20, 1856, Miss Catharine Jordan, who died January 26, 1872, leaving three children — James, Michael and Annie. Himself and family are members of the Catholic Church, and he also belong to the St. Patrick's Benevolent Society. DANIEL CONWAY is a native of Dearborn County, Indiana, and was born October 11, 1820; his father, William, was also a native of that county, and his grandfather, Daniel, was among the first settlers there, coming from Kentucky with ST. JOSEPH. 711 Daniel Boone. In 1840, our subject came to Platte County Mo., with his father, where he resided for a time, after which he engaged in trade in GentryCounty. There continued until 1851, when he engaged in trade at Barry, Clay County, remaining until 1855. Thence to In 1863, he came to St. Joseph and. commenced practicing his profession. For four years he was clerk for R. L.'McDonald, and was with William Eckhart for the same length of time ; he was also magistrate for four years. Mr. Conway has a well-stored mind and isa rban of quick comprehension. He was married, in 1846, to. Miss Elizabeth A. Woods, of Clay County. They have seven children: Sarah, Helen M. (wife of Mr. F. McCoun), John Wilson, Charles Edwin, Lulu, Cora Lee, and- James W. The latter is generally known as one of St. Joseph's promising young men, and- has been in the employ of A. N. Schuster for several years. Charles E. has been in the employ of different houses as clerk; he embarked in the grocery business in the spring of 1881. Mr. Daniel Conway is a Master Mason, and James W. is a member of the I. O. O- F. ABNER COPELAND, farmer, section 35, postofifice St. Joseph, was born in Chatham County, North Carolina, August 27, 1818, and when about eleven years of age his parents moved to Tennessee, and in 1839 came to Buchanan County, Missouri. Mr. C. has made farming his occupation through life. His landed estate consists of 252 acres, his home farm containing 21,2 acres, all of. which is improved, having a fine house and bam. He came to the county in debt, and now is in as commodious circumstances as any one could wish. He was married October 9, 1848, to Miss Mary Wright. She was born in Surry County, North Carolina, October 16, 1828. They have had one child, which died in infancy. They have raised one orphan child, Julia Taber (now Mrs. Dr. Woodson). He is a Mason and a member of Zerad^tha Lodge, No. 189. His father, John, was a native of North Carolina, and died in this county in 1874, in his 105th year. He was baptised when 100 years of age as a member of the Baptist Church. He and wife lived together 65 years; had a family of ten chil- dren, and never had a death in the farhily during their life. JOHN CORBY, (deceased), the subject of this sketch, for many years one of the representative men of North Missouri, was born in Limerick, Ireland, June 24, 1808. At the age of twelve years, he left his parental home and came to the shores 712 BIOGRAPHICAL. of America, residing first in Beaver County, Pennsylvania. His educa- tion he derived principally in Ireland and by his own exertion on his arrival in the Union States. His first experiences in active life were in the capacity of railroad contractor. In this pursuit he assisted in build- ing many of the great lines east, south and west. In 1843, Mr. Corby immigrated to the Platte Purchase,, and settled on the site of the present city of St. Joseph, and determined to make it his home. His fir^t ven- ture in St. Joseph was in general merchandising, and with an abiding faith. in the growth and ultimate prosperity of the city, he made large investments in real estate which resulted in large returns. He subse- quently engaged in the banking business, which he continued until his •death, which occurred May 9, 1870. Absorbed in the pursuit of his per- sonal affairs, he took but little active interest in the politics of the day, and was never a geeker of office. In 1856, he was elected Mayor, a position he filled for two years to the unqualified satisfaction of his con- stituents. He was for many years before and after this a leading mem- ber of the City Council. Politically he was a Democrat, and in his religious preferences a Roman Catholic. He was married May 30, 1852, to Miss Amanda Musick, of St. Louis. Mr. Corby died May 9, 1870.: His vast landed and personal estate he left to his widow, who has erected •on his burial place, about two nriiles from the city, a memorial Chapel known as St. John the Baptist. It is a stately, gothic structure of stone 55x50 feet, costing $40,000. JUDGE SAMUEL D. COWAN, the present Clerk of the Circuit Court of Buchanan Courity, was born near Somerset, Pulaski County, Kentucky, January 25, 1825, his ances- tors being among the earliest who emigrated from Virginia. His father's name was John W. Cowan, and his mother's maiden name Fannie Dysart. He was brought up on his father's farm, where he lived till about twenty years of age, when he entered the Circuit Clerk's office of Pulaski County, in which he was employed about a year. In 1846, he entered the volun- teer service, and became Second Lieutenant of Company H, of the Fourth Kentucky Regiment, with which he left for Mexico, in October of the same year. He served in this command till the close of the war, and was in the City of Mexico when the news reached the army that peace had been declared. In 1848, he returned home. Two yeai-s after, he went to California, where he spent four years in the gold mines of the Pacific Coast. In 1854, he returned to Kentucky, and the same year emigrated to Missouri, settling on a farm in Washington Township, Buchanan County. He filled the. position of Deputy under Sheriff Mor- gan, and afterwards under Ainsworth. December 24, i860, he married Miss Bettie Langford, by whom he has had a family of four daughters ST. JOSEPH. 713 and three sons, all but one, a son, living. In 1865, he crossed the plains, and the following year visited Montana, where he engaged in freighting on his own account. Returning to Missouri, he resumed the business of farming. In November, 1874, he was elected a member of the County Court of Buchanan County, which position he filled acceptably during the period of two terms of two years each. In 1878, he was elected Clerk of the Circuit Court of Buchanan County for the term of four years, which position he now (188 1 ) holds. . ., A. W. COWLES, engineer on the ,K, C, St. J. & C. B. R. R., was born in Rockford, Illi- nois, September 28, 1842, and, when quite young, his father, J. D., went with the family to Walworth County, Wisconsin, where they resided several years ; thence to LeRoy, Mower County, Minnesota, whei*e the subject of this sketch resided until 1861, when he enlisted in the Fourth Minnesota Volunteers, and was afterwards transferred to the First Min- nesota Rangers, serving eighteen months, when he was honorably dis- charged. In. 1 863, he commenced railroading on the M. & St. P., as fire- man, continuing several months. He was then employed on the Hanni- bal and St. Joseph, remaining three years, braking and firing; thence on the K. C, St. J. & C. B. for two years, after which he was' in the employ of the C. B- & Q- six years. Since th^n he has been with the K. C, St. J. & C. B. Co. He is genial and affable in his demeanor, and few railroad men with headquarters in St. Joseph are more popular. He married, in 1865, Miss Esther I. Jones, of Minnesota. They have three children : Luella, Charles and Georgie. He has been a member of the B|Efitberhood Locomotive Engineers for thirteen years, and is corres- ponding secretary. He now runs No. 13, passenger. , JAMES E. COX, Superihtendent of the Union Street Railway. Among the early settlers of Buchanan County, was Mr. Cyrenus Cox, who took up his abode in St. Joseph in 1849, and for a number of yeafs was engaged in the manu- facture of brick. His deith occurred a few years ago. His son, James E., was born in Moritgpinery County, Missouri, his boyhood days being spent in farming near Danville. He came to this city in 1849, with his pireilts and passed on through to California, residing there twelve years, four of which were spent in mining. Returning to St. Joseph in i86r, he tendered his services to the Confederate cause, receiving a Captain's commission, and serving four years. Two years he spent in Texas. Aftidrig the engagements he participated in were Springfield, Kirksville, and Lexington; After the war, he returned to St. Joseph, engaging in the manufacture of brick, and for a time was engaged in farming. In 44 714 BIGORAPHICAL. 1877, he became Superintendent of the Union Street Railway. He was married in 1865, to Miss Mary T. Harris, daughter of William Harris,, one of St. Joseph's pioneers. They have five children: Maggie, Willie, James, Nellie and Jennie. E. M. CRANDALL, foreman machinist of the Kansas City, St. Joseph & Council Bluffs Rail- road shops, is a native of Ashland County, Ohio, and was born March 16, 1833; was raised to manhood arid learned his trade at Mt. Vernon, Knox County. His father, Nathaniel, was a tanner by trade, and died when E. M. was in his fourth year. At the breaking out of the rebellion our subject enlisted in the first three months call in Company H, Fifteenth Ohio Volunteer Infantry. For a number of years he was in the employ of the Pittsburg & Fort Wayne Railroad, and was located at Crestline, Ohio, and. at Richmond and Indianapolis, Indiana, and other points; he came to St. Joseph in 1869, and has since been. with the Kansas City, St. Joseph & Council. Bluffs Company, with the exception of two . years, when he was engaged as engineer on the construction of the bridge, operating the punips. ' Mr. C. is numbered among the accomplished workmep in the country and stands high in railroad, circles. He was married, in 1861, to Miss Nattie Biger, who died in 1879. He was again married, in 1880, to Mrs. A. E. Myers, of St. Joseph. He is a Master Mason and also a member of the chapter and commandery. GENERAL JAMES CRAIG, was born in Washington County, Pennsylvania, February 28, 1817, and when only two years of age was taken by his parents to Richland County, Ohio, where his father, James Craig, engaged in working at his trade, that of a tailor. The subject of this sketch was obliged to work hard, never attending school more than ten or. twelve months in his life,, and at the age of twenty-two he entered the office of, Harris & Brown, to study law in Canton, Ohio. After leaving that city, he settled at New Philadelphia, Tuscarawas County, continuing the practice of kw,. and . in 1844, moved to Oregon, Missouri. In the summer of 11846, he was elected to the Legislature, as a representative from Holt County. At about the close of his term, the Mexicari War broke out, and, by order of the Governor, he organized a company which was ordered to the, west to protect trains and emigrants. They took part in many exciting : engagements with the several tribes of Indians. In the spring of .1849, Captain Craig crossed the plains to California, and after being success- ful in the rich gold mines of that .state, he returned to St. Joseph in the summer of 1850, and, in company with Mr. Lawrence Archer, he engaged in the practice of law. On the first year of his return, in the contest for ST. JOSEPH. 715 District Attorney, Mr. Craig, then, as now, a Democrat, was elected. In 1856, he was elected to Congress, and at the expiration bf his first term was re-elected. He declined a third term. Soon after the break- ing out of the war, he was commissioned a Brigadief General, by Presi- dent Lincoln. He was ordered, by the Commander-in-Chief, Halleck, again among the Indians. He took charge of the trbOps at Fort Kearney, Fort Laramie and all the district lying between the Missouri River' and Utah, including that territory. In the summer of 1863, he resigned his commission in the United States Army and was appointed Brigadier General by the Governor of Missouri, which position he accepted. He was then placed in command of the troops in Northwest Missouri. After a faithful discharge of his duties, late in 1864, he again resigned, thus closing his military career. Since 1861, General Craig has been extensively engaged in building and operating railroads ; fpr fifteen years he was connected with the Hannibal and St. Joseph Rail- road, part .of the time as President. In August, 1843, he was married in Wayne County, Ohio, to Miss M. Pfouts. The result of this union was was five children. One daughter married Captain Wilcox, of the Fourth Cavalry ; his oldest daughter is the wife of Major Samuel A. Garth, of St, Joseph ; his oldest son, Louis, is a Lieutenant in tfie United States Army. A. C. CRAIG, retired merchant, was born in Jackson County, Indiana, April 24, 1822, and lived in Jeffersonville, Indiana, until his 12th year, and then removed to Kentucky, and remained nine years. He ma^e his home in Nashville, Tennessee, four years, and then came to this county in 1848. His edu- cation was received mostly in Kentucky, at the common schools. His early ambition was for a store, so that he spent several years as clerk. When he came West, he went into the general dry goods business with his brother, in DeKalb, in which they remained until 1858. He then came to this city and commenced in the dry goods business with Messrs. Clark & Conard. In 1862, they sold out their business, Messrs Clark & Conard going to Montana. . In 1864, he went to Montana, and again embarked in the; same trade, and remained until 1866, when he returned to St Joseph> and ientered into the wholesale business with Tootle, Far- leigh & Co., and also Tootle, Craig & Co., remaining with them until 1876. Since that period his time has been occupied in attending to his private interests. He married Miss Ellen I. Christopher, daughter of Major Christopher,, of Richmond, Kentucky, March 27, 185 1. They have one son, living. Dr. William B. Their eldest son, Thomas, died in January, 1877, in this city, aged twenty-five years. Mr. Craig is one of the many successful business men of this city. 7l6 BIOGRAPHICAL. DR. W. BEDFORD CRAIG was born: in, DeKalb, Missouri, September 17, 1855. He graduated at the city high, school, in 1873, and studied medicine with Dr. J. D. Smith, for two years. Attended the Bellevue Hospital Medical College, New York, for one term, and he was graduated from the St. Louis Medical College, and the following year re-entered the Bellevue Hospital Medical College, New York, and received an addendum. At the opening of the. St.: Joseph, Hpspital Medical College, he was appointed Professor and Demonstrator of Anatomy, and also of Ophthalmic Surgery, and he has been a successful practitioner five years. WILLIAM L. CRAIG, a sturdy son of Kentucky, was born in Rock Castle County, in that state, December 19, 1823. At the age of seventeen he moved to Crab Orchard, where he learned the blacksmith's trade. Four years after, he went to Madison County, settling near Richmond, where he worked at his trade eleven years. In 1855, he moved to St. Joseph, of which city, with the exception of an interval of five years spent in farming in Andrew County, he has since been a constant resident. An experience of forty years at the Tbrge has earned for Mr. Ci'aig a reputation for excellence in every detail of his calling which few men enjoy. In 1844, he married in Wash- ington County, Kentucky, Miss Elizabeth Shoemaker, a native of that part of the state. They have a family of eight children living — Sarah E., James Y., William M., (of St. Louis), Robert A., Aggie, Lottie, Fannie attd Thomas J. Mr. Craig has been a member of the Masonic Order for thirty years. He is a Knight Templar, arid, in Kentucky,' was a member of the Grand Lodge of the state. ENOS CRAIG. City Marshal, was born in Holmes County, Ohio, April 27, 1829, and came to St. Joseph in September, 1850. He married Emily M. Barnes, ifl this county, April 4, 1852. They have four children : Coryddn F., Morton H., Lilia M. and Lulu A. Mr. Craig was a hard Vorking man, living in Iowa when work was the order of the day. He operated 1 a large breaking team for awhile, but became a victim of the California fever in 1852, and, with many others, remained in the land of gold until 1.859, vvhen he returned to this place, and accepted a position in the Eostoffice. Remained there until 1862, when he was elected Sheriff of the county, and held the office for the term of two years. In 1865, he was; appointed mail agent on the Hannibal & St. Joseph R. R. In April, l866, he was elected Marshal, etc., of the city. The changing of the city charter vacated all officers then acting, so he stepped down and out. ST. JOSEPH. 717 but, in 1870, he was again appointed mail agent, and served faithfully for nearly four years ; then ticket agent for the H. & S. J. R. R. one year, and, in 1877, was again appointed mail agent on the St. J. & W. and again, in 1878, was appointed to a position in the, Postoffice as general delivery and forwarding clerk. This position he held two years, and was for the second time elected City Marshal, etc. JAMES Y. CRAIG, horseshoer, is a native of Kentucky, and was born November 3, 1849. When six months of age, with his parents he remoyed to Andrew County, Missouri, where his father, W. L., resided until the autumn of 1863, when they located in St. Joseph. James Y. learned the trade from his father, who is numbered among the best in the country. He was married, in 1869, to Miss M. F. Baxter. ; By this union they have a family of two children, James Arthur, and Helen Francis. ENOS J. CROWTHER, City Attorney, was born in England, September 24, 1853, and while, yet a child his father came to this country and settled in St. Joseph in 1865. He received a good education at the High School in this city,;cirid grad- uated in 1873, at the head of his class. He taught school in Holt County for some time, and studied law with the present judge of the Circuit Court, W. H. Sherman. He attended the law course at the Uni- versity of Michigan, and after receiving his degree he returned honje and was admitted to practice before Judge Grubb, March 4, 1875. After , being admitted, he spent a year or more in traveling in Mexico for a large mining company. On his return home, he was very soon elected to fill a seventeen months vacancy in the City Register's office. At the next election he was renominated and elected for the full term. After faithfully discharging the duties of Register for nearly four years, to the entire satisfaction of his constituents, he was nominated by the Republi- can party for City attorney, and over his popular competitor, William Fitzgerald, was elected by a large vote. He is one of the rising young attorneys of the city. He married Miss Effie G. Barrett in February, i88o. She was the daughter of Dr. Barrett, late surgeon in the United States army. GEORGE CROWTHER, of the firm of Crowther & Rogers, foundry and machine shop, was born in Derbyshire, England, March 16, 1824, and was there educated and raised to manhood, and learned the machinist trade. In 1854, he came to America, locating temporarily in New York. After a time he became a 71 8 BIOGRAPHICAL. resident of Chicago, residing there ten years, then removed to Daven- port, Iowa, and, one year later, he migrated to DesMoines, where he was engageid in the foundry business for a number of years, and furn- ished the material for the old state capitol. After leaving DesMoines, he remained for a time in Nebraska, and then came to St. Joseph, where he has been closely identified with the manufacturing industry. For several years was of the firm of Burnside, Crowther & Rogers, and in 1880 the firm became Crowthers & Rogers. He is a man of sterling merit, and commands the respect of a large circle of acquaintances, is a Royal Arch Mason, and a member of the I. O. O. F. He was married, in 1843, to Miss Harriet Johnson, of England. They have four sons by tHis union : Thomas J., Geo. C, Enos J. and James O. THOMAS CULLIGAN, the subject of this brief sketch, is a native of Ireland, cind'was born December 21, 1827, and received his education inhis native country. In 1849, he emigrated to America, arriving in June of that year. In September, 1856, he carrie to this city and entered the employ of the late John Corby, one of Buchanan County's early and most respected citizens, as well as one of St. Joseph's most prominent business men, and by his straightforward, upright course, and sterling business talents, he received the confidence of his employer in a high degree. At the death of Mr. Corby, his large estate was left to .Mrs. Corby, who, sharing the confi- dence of her husband in Mr. CuUigan, entrusted to him the management of the entirfe property. This trust he has so executed as to commend him to the entire business community, and his private character and business record is without stain. He is no political aspirant, preferring the peace ahd quiet of his legitimate business. He married Miss Maria L. Blake, of this city, in 1853. Their family consists of seven children, Mary L., Margaret, Henrietta, Eddie, Millie, Joseph and Birdie. COLONEL J. H. R. CUNDIFF is a native of Hampshire County, Virginia, and was born November 11, 1832. His ancestors were Residents of that state from a period previous to the Revolutionary War, a contest in which both his maternal and pater- nal grandfathers took part. In 1840, his father emigrated to Missouri, coming directly to Buchanan County, and settling east of St. Joseph., In 1846, he returned to Virginia, and while there died. The subject of this sketch was about eight years of age when he came to Missouri. At sixteen, he began to learn the printing business. He entered the Adven- ture newspaper office in St. Joseph in 1848. Working four years on that paper, and thoroughly mastering the printing business, he left St. Joseph in 1852, and worked in St. Louis, New Orleans, Memphis and Cincin- ST. JOSEPH. 719 nati. He returned to St. Joseph in 1853, and with P. S. Pfouts bought the Gazette, conducting the same as a weekly till 1857. The proprietors then started the Daily Gazette, the first daily newspaper ever published in St. Joseph. The paper remained in the control of Messi-s. Pfouts & Cundiff until June, 1861, at which time it had become firmly established and was in a prosperous condition. Towards the close of the year 1861, its publication ceased on account of the opposition it met Vith on the part of the Federal authorities, by reason of its political sentiments. From 1861 to 1864, Colonel Cundiff was in the Southern army, serving in all ranks, from lieutenant to colonel. For two years and a half after the war he was in Mexico, connected with the Vera Cruz & Mexico Railroad, of which he for a time had charge. He returned to St. Joseph in the fall of 1867, and in June, 1868, re-established the Gazette. He managed it successfully, and disposed of the paper in October, 1873. In November, 1874, he Was elected Circuit Clerk of Buchanan County. Subsequently Colonel Cundiff left St. Joseph and removed, to St. Louis. In 1879, he' purchased the St. Louis Times, published it for one year, and is now (1881) on the staff of the St. Louis Republican. He was married, in 1855, to Cecelia Keedy, the daughter of Dr. D. G. Keedy, a leading physician of St. Joseph. ' E. L. CUTLER & BRO., dealers in staple and fancy groceries. This reliable house was estab- lished in the spring of 1881. Mr. E. L Cutler, the senior member of the firm, was born in Delaware (now a portion of Morrow) County, Ohio, October 8th, 1842, and when twelve years of age migrated to Michigan, his father, S. B., locating with his family in Hillsdale County. There he engaged in farming, and the subject of the sketch made it his home until 1862, when he tendered his services to the Union cause, enlisting in Company F, Eighteenth Michigan Volunteer Infantry. Was in the Athens engagement, and other notable engagements of the war; was honorably discharged after serving three years and two months. In 1866, the family removed to Atchison County, Kansas, where the father, Mr. S. B. Cutler, resided until 1878, when he took up his abode in St. Joseph. In 1870, E. L. engaged in the manufacture of brick, at Troy, Kansas, continuing until 1873, when he became an officer in the peniten- tiary, at Leavenworth, in which capacity he acted seven years, and dur- ing three years he was yard master. He married, in' 1866, Miss Mary Putnam, of Hillsdale County, Michigan. They have three children : Jennie M., Cora E. and Mabel May. He is a member of the I. O. O. F. Mr. C. W. Cutler, the junior of the firm, was born in Morrow County, Ohio, February, 18, 1854, and when quite young, removed to Hillsdale County, Michigan, with his parents; residing there until 1866. Then the 720 BIOGRAPHICAL. family migrated to Atchison County, Kansas, where our subject was raised to manhood, and educated. His early days were spent in tilling the soil. In 1874, Mr. Cutler received the appointment in the peniten- tiary, at Leavenworth, as an officer, the duties of which; he discharged until embarking in mercantile pursuits, in St. Joseph. He is, a member of the I. 0.0. F. DANCKMEYER & SEBUS, dealers in staple and fancy groceries, flour, feed, etc. Charle,s Danck- meyer was born in the Province of Westphalen, Germany, September 24, 1830, and was there reared and received the benefits of, a good latin education. For several years he pursued the vocation ^of school teach- ing. In 1859, he came to America, locating temporarily in New Orleans, and soon came to Missouri, and for a considerable length of time was clerk in a dry goods and clothing house in St. Louis; foi; one year clerked in a store at Louisiana, Missouri. In i860, he removed, to Hannib^}, Missouri, and engaged in the grocery trade, and was identified with the commercial interests of that city until 1865, when he came to St. Joseph. For several years he was a member of the fii^ of Kahn & Danckmeyer, broom manufacturers. In the summer of 1879, he engaged in his present business with John Sebus. He was married in December, 1869, to Miss Mary Thinnes. Mr. D. is a Master Mason, and a member of the Chapter, Council and Commandery; also an Odd Fellow and Encampment member, and Knight of Pythias; also the Foresters and , Geirnian Benevolent Society. RANDOLPH TRUCT DAVIS was born December 26, 1837. It is claimed that, hie, was the first child of white parents born within the limits of what is now Buchanan County. His father, Ishmael Davis, was a native of Maryland, who emigrated from home and settled in Louis County, Kentucky, when a young man. He there married Miss Nancy McDaniel, a daughter of John R. McDaniel, a native of Scotland. Soon after their marriage they moved to Missouri, settling first in Hannibal, and, as soon as the Pla|te Purchase was effected moved to that portion included in what is now Buchanan County, where he laid claim to a half section of land on Rock House Prairie, on which the subject of this sketch was born, as above mentioned, he being the fourth child of his parents. The eldest , of these, Robert P., died in infancy. Rev. John C.i C. Davis was a minister of the M. E. Church South, and a member of thg . Missouri Conference from 1852 to the period of his death, in 1874. No man was more beloved in life by those who knew him, and he died regretted by all. The third child was Edney Ann, who died at the age of twelve years ; and the fourth, the subject of this sketch ; Wm. Frank Davis, now of Clinton ST. JOSEPH. 721 County, was the fifth ; Ishmael Davis, of St. Joseph, the sixth ; Huin- phrey Marshall, who died in infancy, the seventh, and Nannie, the eighth and youngest. R. T. Davis received the advantages of a common school education, and, at the age of sixteen years,, entered the Weston High School with the view to taking a regular collegiate course. He was, however, forced to forego this opportunity, in consequence of the financial embarrassment of his father, who haj)pened to be a bondsman, in 1854, of a defaulting sheriflf. Young Davis left school to encounter the struggle of life, with no resource save industry and determination to succeed. He first engaged in farming and live-stock dealing, which bus- iness he pursued about five years. He then purchased the Union Mills, of Platte County, Missouri, which he operated with such ability and suc- cess as to achieve for him the reputation of a first-class mill, man. His marked success in the enterprise determined him in the choice of a calling, aind he resolved to make milling the business of his life. Appre- ciating the fact that, the Union Mills were inadequate to the acconiplish- ment of his ideas of excellence in the manufacture of flour, he disposed of them, and moving to St. Joseph, purchased of William Ridenbaugh a half interest in the City Mills there. Engaging in partnership with Isaac Van Riley, the mill was soon in successful opera,tion, and the firm of Davis & Riley known for the excellence of the flour they manufactured. In November, 1869, A. Beattie purchased Mr. Riley's interest. In 1873, Mr.. Davis bought out Beattie, and since that time has conducted the business alone. During all this time he never lost ,sight of his aim to produce a quality of flour not to be surpassed in the United States, and his unremitting energy finally accomplished this end, overcoming all prejudice and establishing beyond all question the superior character of his flour. In compliment to his successful perseverance and energy, the citizens of Buchanan County presented Mr. Davis with a magnificent gold watch, inscribed with the words : " Presented to R. T. Davis, April 23r 1877, by the citizens of St. Joseph and Buchanan County, Missouri, in appreciation of his fancy brand of flour, St. Joseph No. i, as being the best flour ever sold in St. Joseph, Missouri." At the St. Joseph Exposi- tion of 1879, Mr. Davis was presented by the ladies of St. Joseph with a similar testimonial in the shape of a cane. For the past six years his flour has taken the premium wherever exhibited. In November, 1878, R. T. Davis was elected on the Democratic ticket Collector of Buchanan County. He was re-elected in 1880 by a larger majority than that of any other man on the ticket, thus eyincing his efficiency and popularity as a public officer. February 7, 1859, he was married to Miss Louisa C. Boydston. She died March 6, 1861, leaving one child, a, daughter, Mattie E. June 30,, 1863, Mr. Davis married Miss Mary I. Boydston, a sister of his former wife, who still survives, aqd by whom he has had six children : Emma L., H. Clay, Middleton Randolph, R. T., Jr., Nannie May and 722 BIOGRAPHICAL. Frank B'., the youngest. She died November 15, 1880, at the age of three years. '"' ■'''■ WILLIAM W. DAVIS, editor of the Catliolic Tribune, was born in Detroit, Michigan, in 1839, and moved with his parents to Chilljcothe, Ohio! He studied' at the Jesuit College of St. Joseph, at Bardstpwri, seven years, and St. Xavier's, at Cincinnati, Ohio. In tSsS, he went to Europe and traveled for five years in that country. While at school l^e received the first medal for Christian doctrine and penmanship. He entered the service of the United States and remained for three years ; Was mustered out after a hard campaign in Arkansas, being badly used up. He participated in five engagements during the war ; was at Wilson's Creek with General Lyon, and was by his! side' when he spoke his Ust words to his men before the battl,e. Mr. D. went from St. Louis to Kansas City, Missquri, in 1878, and with William A^ Maynard started the Catholic .Tribune. After two years' publication, he moved the establishment to St. Joseph, where he has built up a good paper. ,Mr. Davis' connectioiji and succe.ss with the Tribune shows what energy is necessary and how much it has taken in bringing the enterprise to where it now stands. He is a good writer and is erititled to success. . i THEOCORE WHITEHEAD DAVIS was born June 9, 1844, at Pine Plains, Dutchess County, New York, and M^hen four years old (1848) hi^ parents reinoved to Poughkeepsie. His early education was received at the Dutchess County Acadeniy and the collegiate school of Poughkeepsie. Afterwards he entered the Rensse- laer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York, taking a course in civil engineering. In the year 1862, he enteired the United States navy, and served in the Mississippi River engagement and in the blockade at Mobile, attached to the personal staff of Admiral D. G. Farragut, as Fleet Ensign and Senior Aid. In 1864, from partial (at the time considered permanent) blindness, the result of injuries received in, the service, he was discharged. In 1866, he was married to Mary Estelle, eldest daugh- ter of John P. H. Tallman, Esq., of Poughkeepsie. In 1867, he com- menced the practice of his profession. From 1869 to 1880, was engineer, and after the completion of the works, he was superintendent of the department of water works and sewers of the City of Poughkeepsie, and at the same time City Engineer. The works, in his charge, were recog- nized by the profession as the standard on the subject of filtration of potash waters, and took rank with the most economically managed public works. In November, 1880, Mr. Davis removed to St. Joseph and to his present position, as superintendent of the St. Joseph Water Com- ST. JOSEPH. 723 pany. Was' one of the charter members of the Poughkeepsie Society of Natural Sciences. In military affairs he has occupied the positions of Brigade Engineer and Inspector of the Eighth Brigade of the National Guard of the State of New York, to which brigade staff the world known riflemen Colonels John Bodine, and Henry A. Gildersleeve, and Henry F. Clark were formerly attached. He is a member of the Masonic fra- ternity, and was Master of Poughkeepsie Lodge, No. 266, in 1874, '7S. 76, '^]^ and '78 ; District Deputy Grand Master of the Ninth Masonic Dis- trict, 1878; a meniber of, and for six consecutive years, P. S. of Pough- keepsie Chapter, No. 172, of Royal Arch Masons, and also a member of King Solomon's Council of Royal and Select Masters. Mr. and Mrs. Davis have three children, Angle W., William T. arid Charles G. , A. J. DAWSON, carpenter and builder, a popular and accomplished mechanic, is our sub- ject. He is a native of Mahoning County, Ohio, and was born in Fred- .ericksburg, February i, 1836. His father, Thomas Henry, was a black- smith. A. J. was here raised, educated and learned his trade. In .1854, he came to Iowa, locating in Moscow, Muscatine County, and pursued his trade for four years, when he removed to Clinton County, Illinois. In 1862, he enlisted in Company. B, Thirtieth Illinois Volunteer Infantry, and participated in' the battles of Vicksburg, Atlanta and Champion's Hill ; was with Sherman on his march to the sea ; was honorably dis- charged April 17, 1865, at Raleigh, North CaroHn?t. He returned to Trenton, Clinton County, Illinois, remaining for a time, when he migrated to Kansas, and in 1873, tbok up his residence in St. Joseph, where he has since been closely identified with the building interests of the city. In 1867, Miss Nancy E. Sweeney became his wife. They have seven . children, Mary E., Charles A., Matilda M., John H., Joseph A., Peter B., and Annie E. Mr. Dawson is a Master Masori. JOHN DeCLUE, ; proprietor of the St. Joseph planing mill, and the subject of this brief sketch, was born in the city of New York, in 1821, was educated, raised to manhood, and learned the carpenter trade in his native city. In 1848, he came to Illinois, and after a residence of four years, returned to New York, sojourning until 1859, when he drifted westward, and became a resident of St. Joseph. Here he engaged in carpenter work and build- ing, and has done much in this important branch of industry, In 1868, in connection with contracting and building, he established and opened the St. Joseph planing mill. His trade in sash, doors, blinds, etc., has been steadily increasing, and extends not only in Missouri, but also in Kansas, Nebraska, Arkansas, Texas, and other states. Many fine edi- 724 BIOGRAPHICAL. fices of St. Joseph were constructed under his supervisoii, aniong which are the Court House, which is conceded by all to be the finest in the West, the Christian and: Presbyterian churches, W. M. Wyeth's residence, and others ; also, throughout the states of Kansas, and Nebraska, he is well known as a sphqolhouse and bank builder. Athome there are few men who are more respected than John DeClue. Religiously he is a Presbyterian. . FELIX DEFONDS, steward, assistant superintendent of the city hospital, and secretary of the Board of Health, was "born in France, February 28th, 1848.; He received a good education in his youth. He came to Wheeling, West Virginia, in 1866, and to this city in' 1870. Was employed by Herman Garlichs, and remained with him until appointed by the City Board of Health to his present position; he has performed his' duties well' and with universal satisfaction. In 1875, he was appointed clerk of the Board of Health. He married Miss' Jennie Marsee, in this city, Decem- ber 24, 1873. They have two children, Adele and Eddie. E. W. DIENGER, proprietor of the Charleston House, was born in Germany, December 17, 1844, and received a good education, ^migrsited- to America May 15, 1867, landing in New York, and from thence went to Sandusky City, Ohio, where he worked on a farm, remaining ten months. Then located in St. Joseph, working in a soap factory for nine months, then clerked in a grocery store; he afterwards leased a farm and raised grapes ai^d vegetables fqr eight years, after -v^fhich he engaged in business for one year, then returned to the farm and^ remained for two a half years; then rented the Charlestpn House for four years, buying all the furniture and fixtures belonging' to the hotel. He was married August 21, 1 87 1, to Caroline Beck, a native of Missouri. She was born March 14,. 1848. They had by this union four children: Mary Tracy, born May 31, 1872; Charles F., born March 25, 1874; Anna E., born Decfember 11, 1877, and Mary A., born July 20', 1879. NEWTON DISHON, farmer and dairyman, Section twenty-six, post office St. Joseph, was born in Grayson County, Virginia, September 15, 1827. , In the fall of 185 5,. he came to Buchanan County, Missouri. He was raised on a farm, and has followed the same during life. He came to this county in rather meagre circumstances and now has about 285 acres of land, 265 of which are in a home farm, and is lately directing his attention toward the raising pf stock and the dairy business, keeping at the present time twenty to ST. JOSEPH. ^ 725 thirty milch cows. He was married July 9, 1847, to Mis Mary Buckley, who was born in Suiry County, North Carolina, April 9, 183 1. They have had eleven children, ten of whom are now living— John W;, born December 26, 1849; Sarah, born October 6, 1 85 1 ; Francis E., born December 24, 1853; Frealen H., born February 10, 1856 ; Lena E., born April 29, 1858; Alexander J., born April 2, 1861 ; Robert, born December 25, -1862, and died August i;', 1863 ; Lucy A;, born June 12, 1864; Stephen A., born November 11, 1866 ; Oliver N., born January 28, 1869, and May E., born June 26, 1879. A. DISQUE, postmaster, notary public and dealer in general, merchandise, Elwood, Kansas. , Although not a resident of Buchanan Qounty, Mr. Disque has been so clgsely connected and identified with; the , business men of St., Joseph that he. is deserving of special mention. He >vas bom on the Rhine, in^B,av^ria, Gerinany,.May 12, 1828, and is of French extraction;, his father, George lyiichaei,, was a mechanic and (apm^r ; his grandfather, J. Adam Disqvie, furnished the French army wi^h provisions, under the Old Napoleon, during the war with Germany ; the grandfather, of J. Adam was aqiong thejHugenots who were obliged to fle^ frpm France, over tljree hundred years ago, on. account pf ,their jeligious views. The . subject, of this sketch was always a strong, advocate of a republican form of government, and in 1848, came to t|he United States, locating tempo- , rarily in Cincinnati, Ohio, and other points, eventually taking up his abode in Louisville, Kentucky. There he resided until 1857, when he came to St. Joseph, and a inonth after .his arriyal, Ipcated in Elwood. He is a man well read and his comprehensive faculties well developed, and has held all the important offices in the town, discharging rthe dyties satisfactorily to his constituents, During the war Mr. Disque was a strong Union man, and advocated the principles openly and defiantly. He was notified at different times by the proTslaveryites to leave. To this he paid no attention. .Was in the rhilitia,,and w;ent to Kansas City in.the exped(tion after General jPrice. He owns considerable land, in the vicinity of Elwood, the most of wljich was abpve the high water-mark of 1881. He married in Louisville, Kentucky, in 1855,, Miss Ann M. Schmidt. They have one son, G. A., He was formerly a student at. the high school in St. Joseph, and is now a prosperous merchant in ChiUicpthe, Ohio. Mr. Disque was made a Master Mason in Lou,isville, Kentucky, and is a member of iWathena Lodge and St. Joseph Chapter. i ' JOHN A. DOLMAN, notary public, conveyancer and real estate agent; is a native of Ohio, and was born in Zanesville, February i, 1822. His father, Samuel F., 726 BIOGRAPHICAL. was a native of New Jersey, and was among the early settlers of the Buckeye State. John A. was educated and resided in his native place until 1844, when he located in St. Louis, Missouri, and was engaged in the real estate business until 1854, when he becantie a resident of St. Joseph and has pursued the same vocation principally since. He laid off and sold the greater portion of the southern part of -this. city. As an official he has figured conspicuously hereabouts. Has been City Assessor;, for three years, was City Recorder; for two years; City Register; and has been a member of the Council several years from the Third Ward, and for six years has been a member of the School Board. Was Coroner of the county for two years. In 1862, he was appointed Captain of the old 25 th, 3d Provincial Missouri State Militia. A greater portion of the time was mustering in for NorthWfestern Missouri, and recruiting officer for Buchanan County. He servfed until the close of the war, when he was honorably discharged. During the Legislative session of 1881, Captain Dolman was docket clerk.; He has a wide and popular acquaint- anceship. He has been twice married, first in 1845, to Miss Susan Mur- dock, of Zan'esville, Ohio; she died in 1857. He again married 1858, Mrs. D. H. Banes, of Zanesville, Ohio. By the first union he had one ' son, James C, now in the insurance' business in Chicago.' By the latter union there arfc three sons, Johh A., Jr., Samiiel Russell and Willie A. He is a member of the Ma:sonifc order. Blue Lodge, Chapter Council and Commandery. In 1880, was Grand Illustrious Master of the Grand Council for the State of Missouri. DR. GEORGE K. DONNELLY was born March 31, 1821, in the City of New York. His primary edu- cation was received in New York City, Canajoharie| Montgomery County, New York, and Detroit, Michigan ; and his medical education he obtained at Toluca, Mexico, and Chicago, Illinois. On account of ill health he was sent to Toluca, Mexico, in 1841, to be treated and to pursue the study of medicine. He was cured of his catarrh in less than two years and continued his studies until the end of four years,' and graduated, receiving the diploma of the " Colegio de 'Medicos y Cirujdhos de Toluca, Mexico" (College of Physicians and Surgeons of Toluca, Mexico) on the 2dth day of February, 1845. He commence'd the practice of medicine, as an allopathist. May' i, 1845, in the City of Mexico, and continued there until war was' declared by the United States against Mexico, in 1846, when he made his way to the Texan frontier and joined the American United States Army, as a private, at Fort Defiance, afterwards known as Fort Brown. After the close of the Mexican War, he returned to the United States. In 1852, he met a friend who had graduated in the allopathic school, but had become a ST. JOSEPH. 727 homcEopathist. Through his influence jhe was led to investigate its merits, and was so well satisfied with the results of the system that he de,cided to adopt it, and he has since been a disciple of Hahpemann. Sometime after this he went to California and reniained there four years? and then returned tp. Detroit, Michigan. In i860, he wentj to Kidder, Caldwell County, Missouri,, at 1 the ,so;licitation of the late George S, Harris, to be physician for the, great New England Colony to be estab- lished there. The, spring of i86i,.founc} the people ^roui^d Kidder takr ing sides for and against thp, government of the Union,, As his heart beat for, his own .country entire, and as he had feceiypd a number of leaden receipts for th,e,,dear,old stars and , stripes in Mexico, he could not see it trailed in, the dust without striking one, blow to redeem it from the dishonor intended to be heaped upon it by its enemies, He, raised a cpmpany of Union men in Daviess Courity, Missouri, and joined- Colonel Everett Peabody's, regiment at St. Joseph, Missouri, in July, 1861. He was in the Platte River disaster September 3, 1861, where he was so badly mangled that he was taken to St. Joseph for, dead.^and laid out in the old .depot, He was,reportedki,lled by the, disaster to his regiment, and was buried by proxy, with military honors at. Lexington, Missouri, just before the.bafctle at that place, September 20, 1861., He was in the battle of Shiloh, near Pittsburg Landing, Tennessee ; was ,, Acting Assistant Adjutant .General of the ; First Brigade of General Prentiss' Di,vision of the Army of the Tennessee. He resigned July 2, 1862, at Corinth, Mississippi, on account of ,reopening^f wounds .received in the Mexican War, "and returned to, Kidder, Missouri, , where he remained until 1874. • He then went to Chicago, Illinois, and attended the winter course of lectures at the Hahnemann l^edical College, and graduated iri the spring of 1875. He then located at Quincy, Illinois, and ,<'emained there until the fall of ,1879, He then came to St. Joseph- He is a member of I. O. O. F and M, E. Church North. , . , . COLONEL JOHN DONIPHAN, is descended from a Scotch family who emigrated to Virginia soon after the t^attle of CuUpdon. His grandfather, Joseph Doniphan, at the age of eighteen was with Boone, at Boonesborough, and taught the .first school in Kentucky at that fort, in the summer of- 1778, and was a. vol- unteer at- the siege- of Y.orktowri, in 1781. In 1783, he married Ann Smith, a desqendpnt of Captain John Sniith, who settled Jamestown. In I790.;he mo,yed to Kentucky, and resided, until his death, in Mason County. He left three sons. Dr. Thomas S. Doniphan, surgeon of the Third Kentucky , Volunteers, comnianded by .Colonel Payne, during the war of 1812, and the father of John; George Doniphan, and General A. W. Doniphan, of the Mexican War and a distinguished lawyer of Mis- 728 BIOGRAPHICAL. souri. In 1818, Dr. Thomas S. Doniphan married Rebecca Frazee, the daughter of Samuel Frazee, who was a companion of Simon Kenton in Northern Kentucky, at Washington, in Mason County, in the year 1775. He reihdved to Brown County, Ohio, where John was born in 1826, and educated at the Franklin Academy; in Kentucky. After the death' of his fathei',' in 184I3, he entered a printing office at MaysVille, Kentucky. In 1844, through the kindness of Colonel Marshall, of Kentucky, he got a position in the clerk's office in Mason County. He came to Clay County, Missouri, in 1846. In 1848, he tobk'a degree at the University of Louis- ville, and returned to' Missouri. In February. 1849, he commenced to practice law in Platte County, where he continued to practice law until 1872, when he remdved to St. Joseph. He had, however, practited law in Buchanan County since 1849, ''"•^ w'as engaged' in some of the most sensational trials in this county, among others the State vs. Doy, for stealing slaves; the State vs. Hardin, and the State v^. Jenkins, each for murder. In 1854, he was elected to the Legislature from Platte County, as a Whig, against a Democratic majority bf over 60b, where he was instrumental in .passing a bill to remove the Branch of the State Bank from Fayette to Weston, which Governor Price refused to sign; and in chartering, with one and a half millions of state aid, the Weston & Ran- dolph County Railroad, vetoed by Governor Price. This was the revis- ing session, and likewise memorable for thdtHangular contest for Seii- ator between Benton, Atchison and Doniphan. In 1862, Colonel Doni- phan was elected to the Senate from the Platte District, and served as an active Conservative Democrat during the next four years. He was a bold opponent of the Drake constitution and the registration laws, which disfranceised so large a portion of the best citizens. In 1866, he canvassed the Tenth district, denouncing these iniquities at grea!t per- sonal hazard, and wrote the Democratic addreks foW the state committee in 1866, setting forth the enormities of such' legislation, and which did much to aid the revolution of popular feeling in 1870. While in the Sen- ate, he was a member of the Judiciary and Internal Improvement Com- mittees, and aided largely in shaping the revision of 1866, and exam- ined and passed upon, by section, the statutes of that year. His is the only solitary vote ajgainst the act authorizing the Governor to sell the Iron Mountain & Southwest Branch of the Pacififc Railroad. He declai-ed the act was a fraud on the state, to whom the prbpferties were indebted several millions, and that they were worth every dollar of it, but the bill would jeopardize it. His words were prophetic, as the state got prac- tically nothing for the road, while the properties are rtow worth more than five times that sum, and the state is paying the debt by taxation. In 1861, being a Union man, he was offered the command of a regi- ment by General Lyon, which was declined, as well as several othef posi- in the army, but in 1862, from the necessities of the times, he was com- ST. JOSEPH. 729 pelled to join the. militia to prevent Platte County from being destroyed "between the bushwhackers and Redlegs, who were alternately swarming around her, ready to swoop down upon the non-combatants. After serving two months as a private, Governor Gamble appointed him Lieu- tenant Colonel of the Thirty-ninth Missouri militia, and afterwards Gov- ernor Hall appointed him to a like position in the Eighty-first Missouri, ■where he served, when on duty, until after the Price invasion in 1864, when he resigned. It was through his personal intercession with Gen- eral Rosecrans, who was a friend, that Jennison's Regiment was taken &om Liberty Landing, to Fort Leavenworth, by steamboat, and thus •saved Clay County from being pillaged and burned. In 1867, he was again elected to the Legislature, without opposition, and afterwards was elected Judge of the Weston Court of Common Pleas, during his absence, and without being a candidate. These facts show the estima- tion in which he was held by those who knew him well. He has always been prompt to serve the public without pay or reward, and has devoted much time to advance the cause of education and benevolence in the ■state. In 1848, he joined Phoenix Lodge, I. O. O. F., at Weston, and ■still remains a member of the lodge and Encampment there, having devoted much time to advancing the order, and has been honored as ■Grand Master and Grand Representative, has instituted lodges, traveled over the state instructing in the work, lecturing and giving his personal aid to the cause, and invariably refused to accept of compensation in any form for these services. In 1852, he married Miss Fanny Thornton, of Clay County, a daughter of the late Colonel John Thornton, and a sis- ter to Mrs. General A. W. Doniphan, Mrs. Captain O. P. Moss, Mrs. Wil- liam Morton, Mrs. R. W. Donnell, Mrs. James H. Baldwin, and Mrs. L. M. Lawson. In 1872, he was appointed attorney of the St. Joseph and Den- ver City Railroad Company, which position he has continued to fill since to the satisfaction of the company and its patrons. In '1859, in connec- tion with Judge James N. Burnes, he organized the Weston and Atchi- son Railway Company, and together paid out of their means the expen- ses of surveys, plats, etc., and having been elected the first President of the company. Colonel Doniphan gave a year in hard work to make a success of the project. In i860, he assisted in the organization of the Missouri Valley Railroad Company, from Weston to Moberly, and was elected attorney of it, and had surveys and estimates made largely at his own expense, all of which were lost hy reason of the war. Colonel Don- iphan has never been a seeker for position or place outside of his pro- fession, and those he has held have been more the result of solicitation than from any desire on his part to secure them. He is domestic in his habits arid tastes, and has often said he would rather receive the "Well done," of his wife, than the plaudits of the multitude. As a practicing lawyer for more than thirty years, a member of the Legislature for seven 730 BIOGRAPHICAL. sessions, and an active hard worker of great practical common sense, he has done much to shape the law and political economy of his county and state, arid takes a great interest in public enterprises calculated to ameliorate and elevate his fellow citizens ; he is a trustee of the Lunatic Asylum No. 2, having been appointed by Governor Phelps, without his solicitation or knowledge ; also the professor of medical jurisprudence in the St. Joseph Hospital Medical College, and several other positions of trust for the public good. Colonel Doniphan was attorney of the Weston and St. Joseph Railroad, and its successor, the Missouri Valley, for ten years, and obtained the right of way and assisted in the construction from Kansas City to Hopkins and Forest City, resigning in 1870. He built from Atchison to Edgerton, thus making the Atchison bridge and Winthrop necessities, and additions to the wealth of Buchanan County. In 1879, as agent of Jay Gould, he built the Hastings and Grand Island and Blue Valley Railroads, as tributaries to St. Joseph. As a lawyer he has been successful in defending over one hundred and sixty cases of felony; he has never had but three clients ultimately convicted, and these were a part of those where he was defending under opposition from the court, and out of over thirty mur- der cases he has never had a client convicted capitally. Colonel Doniphan is an eloquent and forcible speaker, a compact and close reasoner, but seems to use pathos and logic only as ,a means of conviction. Perhaps the best illustration of his reserved powers as a public speaker was given in opposition to the sell-out bill introduced into the State Senate by Hon. David Wagner, afterwards Chief Justice, in January, 1864, by which the State sold the Missouri Pacific Railroad to John C. Fremont for seven millions State bonds, then worth twenty- five cents on the dollar. Fremont was then in the zenith of his fame, a favorite of the Missouri Republicans as against Mr. Lincoln for the Presidential nomination of 1864. He was in Jefferson City with a large hotel and restaui-ant run full, with many talented followers and lobyists, to aid in passing this bill. He had secured the promise from a majority of the Senate to favor it, and had it presented suddenly by one of the ablest members in a forcible and clear speech. Immediately upon Judge Wagner being seated. Col. Doniphan arose, and, in a speech of half an hour in length, dealt the proposition such fearful blows, and denounced the measure as one so fraught with peril to the State, that the Senate refused to receive the proposition. The Missouri Republi- can of the next day, says of the speech: "Thanks to John Doniphan when Wagner, of Lewis County, yesterday, introduced a bill to sell out the Pacific Railroad to John C. Fremont and others at seven millions of State bonds, the first installment of one million to be paid in 1864,, John Doniphan, in the right way and on the instant, hit it just in the bull's eye, and Wagner may be thankful to our friend Bush that the ST. JOSEPH. 731 fraudulent thing ever kicked afterwards. The Senate refused to receive the bill, but the good nature of Mr. Bush had it so far reconsidered as to refer to a committee. We have seldom seen remarks more pertinent and killing to any measure than those submitted by Mr. Doniphan. He exposed with an effect which must have been electric upon the Senate, the infamous character of the proposition. Introduced at an unexpected moment, for it had been understood that the House was first to be favored with the bill, he seems to have comprehended at a glance the enormity of the provisions of the bill, the sacrifice of State, county, city and individual interests, and the disregard of State honor and State independence, and to have denounced it with a vehemence and a sense of the injustice even in entertaining such a proposition, which com- mands our admiration. We have no fear of the adoption of a sell out proposition while he stands ready to expose it, and we are quite sure he will." Col. Doniphan seems contented in the devotion of one of the noblest of women, and in humbly aiding in the development and advancement of the country. COLONEL JOHN DONOVAN, of the firm of Donovan & Saxton, real estate agents, was born in Dor- chester County, Maryland, February 28, 1828. He is the son of Captain John Donovan, a native of West Virginia. His mother's maiden name was Pattison. She was a native of Dorchester County, Maryland. Young John Donovan was one of a numerous family of children. He received the advantages of the best schools and academies of that country. His first business experience was in the capacity of Deputy Circuit Clerk in his own county. In 1857, he was elected Register of Wills for Talbot County, Maryland. In this capacity he served six years. He studied law and was admitted to the bar in 1867. He after- wards engaged in the real estate business and in farming. In 1868, he left Virginia for the west, and, arriving in St. Joseph, settled there in the practice of his profession and in the real estate business, in which he has since continued. December i, 1851, Colonel Donovan was married to MissEvahnaM. Robinson, daughter of Thomas Robinson, Esq., a farmer of Talbot County, Maryland. He has, by this marriage, five children, three of whom are sons. He is a member of Christ (Episcopal) Church, and of Zeredatha Lodge, A. F. and A. M., in St. Joseph, and is regarded as a representative citizen.* GEORGE DONALDSON, conductor on the St. Joseph and Des Moines Railroad. This genial gen- tleman is a native of Pennsylvania, and was born in Allegheny County. His father, Hugh Donaldson, was an agriculturist, and George spent his 732 BIOGRAPHICAL. youthful days in tilling the soil. In 1863, he tendered his services to the Union cause, enlisting in Company C, One Hundred and Thirty-sixth Pennsylvania Volunteer Infantry, and served fourteen months. In 1873, he came West, and made his debut in railroading on the C, R; I. & P. R. R. in Iowa, and was in the employ of that company about six years. During three years he acted as conductor. He next became an employe of the K. C, St. J. & C. B. for a time, and in the autumn of 1879, became ■ connected with the St. J. & D. M. Co. He is thoroughly proficient in railroading, and commands the confidence of his employers. In 1873, at Stuart, Iowa, Miss Clara Warner became his wife, and they have had three children — Pearl, Laura and Birda. DR. EDMUND A. DONELAN, was born in Ogdensburg, St. Lawrence County, New York, April 5, 1824, and is of Irish parentage. He obtained a common school educa- tion, and in 1839, removed to Wayne County, Indiana. For two years he was a student in the Beach Grove Academy, and then taught school for two terms. In 1844, ^^ commenced the study of medicine at Liberty, Union County, and subsequently attended ' a course of lectures at the Ohio Medical College in 1847 and in 1848. Dr. Donelan first began practicing at Abington, but after six months he removed to Missouri, locating at Amazonia, and removed to Savannah in 1850. Returning to college in 185 1, he graduated in the winter of 185 1-2. In the fall of 1852, he was first elected to represent his county in the State Legislature, and was re-elected in 1854, and served two full terms. In 1857, he removed from Andrew County, and located in Platts- mouth, Cass County, Nebraska. In 1858, he was elected a member of the Nebraska Legislature, and the succeeding year (1859) was elected to the Territorial Council, a body corresponding to the present State Senate. During the session of 1859 ^^'^ i860 he served as presiding officer. In the spring of i860, Dr. Donelan removed to St. Joseph, and at once entered on a successful practice of his profession. During the winter of 1870-71, he visited New York, and attended Bellevue Medical College and the various hospitals of New York city. He has filled sev- eral public positions, among them those of county physician of Buchanan County and city physician of St. Joseph. He was elected Treasurer of the Missouri State Medical Association in 1873, and served as President of the St. Joseph Medical Society. In November, 1876, he was chosen Representative in the Twenty-ninth General Assembly, and was re-elected to the Thirty-first General Assembly from St. Joseph. He was one of the founders of the College of Physiciansi and Surgeons, of this city, and was one of its lecturers. He has filled the chair of Materia Medica and Therapeutics for two years. In 188 1, he was elected Pro- ST. JOSEPH. 733 fessor of Diseases of Women and Children. Dr. Donelan is now devot- ing his time wholly to his profession. ALEXANDER M. DOUGHERTY, of the firm of Dougherty, Ray & Co., lumber dealers, was born in Kentucky, October 17, 1833. In 1834, Tfie immigrated to St. Joseph, Missouri. He was raised a farmer, but afterwards learned and worked at the carpenter trade. In 1858, he engaged in the livery business, con- tinuing in the same till the breaking out of the civil war. Inspired by a conviction of right, he united his fortunes with the South, and enlisted in Company A, of John Morgan's regiment of Confederate cavalry. By the fortune of war, he was captured at Buffington Island, near New Lisbon, Ohio, in July, 1863, and was incarcerated in a Chicago prison during the remaining days of the war, at the close of which he returned to St. Joseph and engaged in the lumber business. Three years after this, the present company was formed, of which he became the head. In common with many others, he sustained severe loss during the civil war, his own amounting to not less than eight thousand dollars. By energetic action and well directed enterprise, he succeeded in recovering his losses and now ranks with the successful business men of St. Joseph. March 17, 1867, he married Miss Celia PuUens, a native of Kentucky, born January, 1845, and a daughter of Judge Pullens, a prominent citi- zen of Buchanan County. The result of this union was three children, William, born February 14, 1868; Sarah, born August 17, 1870 ; and John, born January 5, 1872. Mr. Dougherty is a member of the Christian Church and an energetic and public spirited citizen. DR. THOMAS H. DOYLE was born in Doylestown, Franklin County, Pennsylvania, November 5, 1840, and received his literary education at the St. Francis Brothers' Col- lege. His taste led him to make choice of the practice of medicine as a profession, and he at once commenced reading with a prominent physi- cian and attended lectures at the University of the City of New York, from which he was graduated in March, 1865, and it was the last class taught by the famous Prof. Mott. He afterward had the benefit afforded by practice in the Bellevue Medical Hospital, of New York. In March, 1869, he came to Missouri, and settled in St. Joseph, and at once took a front rank as an able and skillful practitioner. He is Professor of Prin- ciples and Practice of Medicine in the St. Joseph Medical College. He is a prominent member of the American Medical Association, also a member of the Northwestern District Medical Association. He was Health officer of St. Joseph for the years of 1877 and 1878. He married Miss Margaret G. Sheehan, of this city, October 12, 1871. They have 734 BIOGRAPHICAL. two children living — Agnes and John M. In his religious preferences the Doctor is a Catholic, believing that the principles of the Bible applied to the hearts of men is the essential doctrine, rather than the sectarian idea — that I am right and you are wrong. As a citizen he is highly respected ; as a practitioner he is very able and skillful ; as a lecturer practical and progressive. JOSEPH DREIS, who devoted the best part of his life to the education of the children of the first German settlers of St. Joseph, and to whom many citizens are indebted for their knowledge, deserves specially to be mentioned. He was born April ii, 1828, at Bremen, on the Mosel, Prussia. When eighteen years of age, after having had his primary education, he went to Trier, where he visited higher schools and studied to prepare himself for the duties of a teacher. From 1850, he served three years as a soldier in the King's Body Guard of the Prussian Army. In 1853, he was honorably discharged, and immediately emigrated to America, arriving at New York City, which place he left after a short rest and went to Jefferson City, Missouri, where he was employed for three, months. In 1854, he came to St. Joseph and immediately opened a German school. He was successful and soon had thirty pupils, a large number for that time. In 1855, he married, and in 1856, left St. Joseph, but returned in i860, when he again opened a private German school, and as his great merits as a teacher were known and acknowledged by the Germans, he soon had more than one hundred pupils. By the request of the directors of the German school, who had erected a school building, he accepted the position of teacher of the Deutsche Verein Schule. By his high qualities as a teacher, and his energy, he was so successful that in 1868, the old school house became too small, and a new and larger one was erected, which soon after was visited by one hundred and fifty pupils. In 1869, he resigned his position as teacher and opened a hotel opposite the narrow gauge railroad depot. In 1871, he added to the hotel a grocery business, which he carries on with great success. He was married August 22, 1855, to Miss Magdalene Eliza- beth Bode. They have had eleven children, of whom four are living, Carl August, born August 5, 1863 ; George France, born January i, 1866; Johanna Sophia, born February 23, 187 1 ; Johann Philip, born Octo- ber 9, 1877. DUFFY BROTHERS, grocers. One of the prominent business houses of the eastern part of of the city is the establishment of Duffy Brothers. Mr. Daniel Duffy was born in County Donegal, Ireland, September 10, 1837, and was there raised to manhood and educated. In 1863, he came to America, living tempora- ST. JOSEPH. 735 rily in different parts of the country until 1865, when he took up his abode in St. Joseph. For a time he was in the employ of J. D. McNeely. In 1869, he engaged in trade and in the spring of 1880, he commenced the manufacture of brick, in connection with their business. In this branch of industry they do a flourishing trade. During the year of 1880, their entire business footed up $20,000, and the year 1881 promises to far excel this. Bernard Duffy, the junior member of the firm is a native of Ireland, and was born in County Donegal, May 15, 1850. He became a resident of St. Joseph in 1869. He is numbered among the sterling and live young business men of the city. REV. E. S. DULIN, D. D. LL.D., was born near the banks of the Potomac, about five miles from Mt. Ver- non, in Fairfax County, Virginia, January 18, 1821. On his father's side he is descended from the Huguenot family of Dulon, which in the latter part of the seventeenth century, settled in Maryland- His mother belonged to the English Quaker family of Shelton, which settled in Loudon County, Virginia. In 1823, his father moved to Washington, D. C, where he died when the subject of this sketch was nine years old, leaving his family in limited circumstances. Thus early the battle of life began. Hard work during the day, diligent study far into the night and at all leisure hours, was the rule and practice of his early days. He enjoyed the blessing of a Christian mother, and in 1839 united with the Calvert St. Baptist Church, Baltimore, and soon after determined to go as a missionary to Burmah. He entered Richmond College in 1841, where he remained four years, earning each vacation the money to pay the expenses of the following term. Upon his graduation, he was recom- mended by Dr. Ryland, and elected principal of St. Bride's Academy. Here, from overwork, etc., his health gave way, and he accepted the professorship of ancient languages in the Hollin's Institute. A year in this institute found his health improved, but his hope of going to Bur- mah was abandoned. He spent the next year in taking a special course at the University of Virginia. He was ordained as a minister in Balti- more, in August, 1848, and came to Missouri in the following October, settling as pastor of the Baptist Church in Lexington, March, 1849. August 28, 1849, he married Miss Sarah R. Gilkey. He was a member of the convention at Booneville, which, in 1849, located WiWiam Jewell College at Liberty; was elected its president the following October, ■and January i, 1850,, he organized the college. In the spring of 1856, he was recalled to the pastorate of the Lexington church. Two months later, the Baptists of Lexington bought the Female College property, and in the following- September he became its president. The previous session had closed with about Jthir.ty pupils. At the expiration of the 736 BIOGRAPHICAL. second year Dr. DuHn had two hundred and eighty-six, but the labor was too great for his health and he resigned his position. He became pastor of the Baptist Church in Kansas City in 1858, and, in 1859, waa called to the First Baptist Church in St. Joseph. He remained here for six years, and again accepted the management of the Female College at Lexington. The college building had been destroyed during the war and the school closed. He soon restored the college to its former prosperity. In 1870, he founded Stephens College at Columbia, which flourished-with increasing patronage during his six years' management. Dr. Dulira removed to St. Joseph in 1876, and became the founder of St. Joseph Female College, intending to make this the crowning effort of his life work. Dr. Dulin ranks among the ablest preachers in the state. His- sermons are carefully prepared, with sufficient rhetorical ornament to interest and please, and delivered with impassioned earnestness. He makes everything subserve in enforcing the sweet truths of the Gospel, as they affect the hearts and lives of men. These truths he enforces with keenest logic, and a fervid and fearless eloquence that makes no- compromise with error. His literary and theological abilities have been fittingly acknowledged by the proper scholastic institutions^ conferring upon him the degrees of A. M., D. D., and LL. D. E. J. DUNFORD, proprietor of hotel. Contrary Lake, was born in Burke County, Georgia^ February 15, 1827. He had limited educational advantages in Georgia and Florida. He moved to Alabama, and clerked in a dry goods store for three years. In 1852, he emigrated to Missouri, and settled in Buchanan County, and followed farming for nineteen years. He mar- ried Miss Phebe Ogle, in 1855. Mrs. Dunford died in 1869, leaving four children : A. Josephine, Edward, Ida and Lizzie. He was again, married in 1870, to Mary Shields, a native of Indiana. By this marriage there are two children, Willie and George. Mr. D. is a member of the Masonic fraternity, and a School Director. In 1871, lie built the Lake- Shore House, a large frame structure, with ample stabling in connection. He also keeps boats, fishing tackle, minnows, and all the paraphjernaliffl necessary for pleasure seekers, and at reasonable prices. He has made his house a popular place of resort by his genial and affable disposition, and in always anticipating the wants of his guests. During the flood of 1 88 1, he lost 150 tons of ice, and sustained other damages,, in all amount- ing to at least fifteen hundred dollars. Water stood one foot deep' on. the lower floor ; had to move everything up stairs. The door yard and- fields were one broad sheet of water, all around looking like an angry niver.. HENRY DUNN, engineer on the Kansas City, St. Joseph and Council Bluffe Raiilroad. Of the old stand-bys of this company Mr. Dunn occupies a prominent ST. JOSEPH. 737- place. He was born in Genesee County, New York, February 22, 1839, and when sixteen years of age came to Missouri, locating in St. Joseph- In 1864, he commenced railroading, for the Hannibal and St. Joseph Railroad Company, in the capacity of fireman, continuing for a time,, when he retired and engaged in other pursuits. He was in the employ of the Western Stage Company, and for two years with the famous Ben Halliday. His next departure was in the capacity of fireman on the oldi Council Bluffs and St. Joseph Railroad, and one of the oldest employes; with the present Kansas City, St. Joseph and Council Bluffs Railroad Company, and was one year in the employ of the Burlington and Mis- souri. He is a skilled and careful engineer, and is favorably known tO' the traveling public, and patrons of this popular line feel perfectly secure- when Henry is at the throttle. H. W. DUNN, Street Commissioner, was born in. Lee County, Virginia, April 9th, 1838'. His early days, until he attained his nineteenth year, were spent in til- ling the soil, his father, John Dunn, being an agriculturist. In 1857,. the family migrated to Buchanan County, locating near Agency, where his father died, October 20th, 1859. In 1859, the subject of this sketch removed to Kansas, residing there until 1861, when he returned to Agency, remaining until 1865, thence to Page County, Iowa, sojourning one year, when he became a resident of St. Joseph. For twelve years he was engaged in street sprinkling, after which, for a number of years, he was Deputy Street Commissioner. In the spring of 1 881, he received the appointment to the position he now occupies. His wife. Miss MaHnda Reese, of Agency, he married July 4th, 1861. The union has. been blessed by nine children, eight of whom are living : Franklin P.,, Mattie D., Charles H., Bertha E., Otie M., Fred. A., Nannie L., Jacob P. John L., the third eldest son, met his death on the 24th of May, 1877,. by being drowned in the Missouri River. Mr. Dunn is a member of the A. 0. U. W.— Select Knights— and the I. O. O. F. He is known, throughout the city from the smallest urchin to the oldest inhabitant as, "Commissioner" Dunn. E. DURAND, President of the Durand Organ Company, and manager of sales in the Chicago Temple of Music, was borh in the state of New York, March 8th, 1833. At an early age he removed from that state, locating in. Boston, a city famous for producing the finest musical talent in this, land. Mr. Durand was designed to figure conspicuously in the musical world, and at an early age manifested a strong interest in that direction. In Boston, he learned the piano building trade and became proficient in 738 BIOGRAPHICAL. the art of tuning, and all the essential features connected with the busi- ness. After operating successfully in Boston, Worcester and other eastern cities for a number of years he traveled through the western states, engaged in piano tuning and selling musical instruments, eventu- ally locating in St. Joseph, in 1874. He embarked in the' musical mer- chandise business, which has been steadily on the increase. An estimate of his business may be inferred from the fact that in six years time his sales in organs amounted to over fourteen hundred. In 1880, his sagac- ity and live business qualifications came to the view of Mr. W. W. Kim- ball, of Chicago, who saw in Mr. Durand the right man to manage successfully a branch of his extensive industry, and as a result, in 1880, he entered the employ of W. W. Kimball, of Chicago; as manager of sales and placed in St. Joseph a stock of pianos and organs. Mr. J. L. Reeder presides as business manager, and Prof Frank Glazier, who, as a manipulator of the ivories, is a success in showing the merits of the instruments to the visitors and patrons. Miss Hattie Thorp, a lady of culture, and an accomplished pianist and teicher, is a member of the corps of ushers in the Chicago Temple. The Durand Organ Company was organized and incorporated under the State Laws of Missouri, in 1879, with E. Durand as President; John A. Read, Secretary, and John F. Tyler, Treasurer and Attorney. The. Western Cottage Organ Com- pany, of Mendota, Illinois, manufacture their organs, and, although in existence but a short time, it has attained a wide reputation and prom- ises a bright future. The salesroom of the Temple of Music is the first floor, where a large supply of the Durand organs, Chickering, Emerson & Hale and Kimball pianos, and all the standard makes of instruments, and also a full line of the latest popular sheet music of the day is kept. The third floor is used as the store room, where is kept a large surplus stock. The second floor, or music hall, is where ye refined St. Josephite delights to linger and hear discoursed instrumental and vocal music. Mr. D. has attained considerable celebrity as a vocalist, and to meet a long-felt want in St. Joseph had the music hall fitted up appropriately and seated, where the lovers of select music can enjoy a pleasureable feast. Regular levees are held here by the best musical talent in the city. In conclusion we would say, revising the immortal Shakespeare some- what, he that hath no music in his soul had better attend one of them, and if his adamantine heart is not softened he is a fit subject for any •ofiice his enemies see fit to inflict. MISS CARRIE A. DUTZSCHKY, a native of St. Joseph,' and the youngest of a family of four children, is a daughter of the late Charles E. Dutzschky, Esq., who died April 9, 1854, while Postmaster of St. Joseph, of which city he had been for many years ST. JOSEPH. 739 a representative citizen. He had, previous to his appointment as post- master, held various positions of honor and trust under the national and state government, and served in the commissary department of the army during the entire period of the Mexican War. He was a native of Dresden, and son of an officer who served with distinction in the armies of the first Napoleon. He was an active and prominent member of the Masonic order, and at the period of his death, an officer of St. Joseph Lodge, A. F. and A. M. He was also a member of the Baptist church. He married his wife (then Miss Eliza Greason), in Michigan. In 1850, they moved to St. Joseph, where the subject of this sketch was after- wards born, as above stated. Miss Carrie was graduated in the class of 1871, in the St. Joseph High School. She 'early determined to embrace the profession of teaching. Some time after her first experience in Iowa as a teacher, she accepted, in 1874, the appointment as principal of the Avenue Primary School, the duties of which position she has ever since continued to discharge acceptably. She has long been a member of the Baptist Church, in St. Joseph, the religion of both her parents. N. EGLY was born Oct. 18, 1825, at Ober Mossan, Grossherzogthum Hessen, South Germany, where he was raised and learned the trade of cooper^ with his father, Leonhard Egly, working at it until 1846. Then he left his home and went to Colmar, France, and, in 1847, went to Fredburg, Switzer- land. After being employed there four months, a religious war broke out. Egly and his countrymen were ordered by the government to leave Switzerland, when he returned to his home, where he remained until 1849. At the outbreak of the German revolution, he went to Frankfort-on-the-Main, and worked there without interruption until 1852, when he emigrated to America. He landed at New York, and worked as cooper up to 1857. Becoming ill, he returned to Germany, to recover his health, and again came to New York, in May, 1858. After a short stay there, he got a situation at Detroit, Michigan, where he worked four months. Thence to St. Louis, and afterwards to Leavenworth, Kan- sas, working in each place a short time. Attracted by the favorable news which he had heard of St. Joseph, he came here May 29, 1859, and opened his own cooper business, which he carried on successfully , but becoming sick in i860, he went to Colorado by team. After four months, he was able to return to St. Joseph, and again opened his business. At the out- break of the civil war he joined the militia, called out to protect the city of St. Joseph, and did his duty as long as his services were required. In 1875, he paid a visit to his fatherland, where he remained one year and returned, in 1 876, to St. Joseph, when he sold out and retired from business. 740 BIOGRAPHICAL. J. P. EMMERT, dealer in live stock, is a native of Pennsylvania, and was born in 1844. He emigrated to Illinois in 185 1, and remained there until 1861, when he enlisted in the Thirth-seventh Regiment, Illinois Infantry, and was in the service three years, under General Herron Totten, entering as a pri- vate and returning as Sergeant. He was raised on a farm, and engaged in the stock business in 1868. He came to St. Joseph in 1873, and took charge of the stock yards until 1877, and since then has been in the com- mission and forwarding business. He is a Mason and. a member of the Evangelical Lutheran Church. SAMUEL ENSWORTH, who for the past twenty years has been closely identified with the city of St. Joseph, was born in Canterbury, Connecticut, in February, 1816. He had good educational advantages in youth, and at the age of sixteen he taught a school near Providence, Rhode Island. The following year he followed a cherished plan of visiting the South and West, and traveled for some time in Kentucky, selling clocks. He formed the acquaintance of J. S. Henderson, a prominent attorney of Mount Vernon, Kentucky, who induced him to enter his office and study law. After reading with Mr. Henderson, he attended the Pennsylvania Law School, and was graduated in 1840. He at once commenced the active practice of his profession, and remained in Kentucky for seventeen years, doing a large business. In 1857, he became impressed that St. Joseph offered a wider field for his talents, and he came to Buchanan County, and formed a partnership with Governor Woodson. The firm did a large legal busi- ness, and dealt to some extent in real estate. This relation existed until Governor Woodson was elected Circuit Judge. Mr. Ensworth con- tinued his practice until 1873, when his private business demanded his entire attention, and he abandoned active practice. He has large landed interests outside of the city and county, in Holt, Atchison, and Andrew Counties. His time is mostly spent at his farm in Andrew County. FREDERICK C. ERNST, of the firm of Ernst & Brill, booksellers, was born in Wurtemburg, Ger- many, December 5, 1843, and came to this country in 1843, and, with his father's family, settled in West Virginia. He came to St. Joseph in 1862, obtained a situation in the Postoffice, where he remained for twelve years, in the meantime starting a news stand in the Postoffice on a small scale. In 1870, he formed a partnership with Henry Brill, and since that time the firm of Ernst & Brill have been doing a very large share of the book and stationery business of the city. Their stock is large, choice ST. JOSEPH. 741 and attractive, and the firm richly merits the success which has attended their career. He married Caroline E. Decker, of thi'S city, May 12th, 1867. They have four children : Mary M., Frank R., Eda May and Emma L. FRED. ERB, Jr., was born in Lafayette, Indiana, November 25, 1859, and .came to St. Joseph in 1874. He married Miss Addie Schaufert, of this city. May 18, 1880. They have one son, Freddie. He early developed a natural taste for hunting, and is an expert with a gun. In 1880, in St. Joseph, in a trial with the celebrated Bogardus, he beat him 93 to 83. In June of the same year, at Easton, Pennsylvania, he won the shot of Bogardus, by 50 to 47. These games were for large sums of money. At St. Louis, May 28, 1881, he shot with W. T. Mitchell, for $200, 100 birds each, English rules, killing 93 to Mitchell's 85, which is the best score on record by seven birds, using a Purdy Gun, English make. He has had trials with many of the professionals, and almost always was the victor. Dr. O. BURNETT ESTES, magnetic physician, is a native of Savannah, Andrew County, Missouri, and was born April 28, 1854. His father, Woodson S., was among the first settlers in the Platte Purchase ; his grandfather, Joel, was a native of Kentucky, and his great grandfather, Peter, was one of the pioneers of that state. Mr. Woodson S. Estes was also an early settler in Oregon, Holt County, and in 1847, was engaged in the hardware trade in St. Joseph. In 1861, the family removed to Illinois, and in 1862, located in Mt. Pleasant, Iowa, a;nd that same year the senior Estes oraganized a company for the Union army and went in the service as its captain. O. B., in early life, conceived the idea of choosing the medical profession, and adopted the magnetic theory. He received the benefits of a good education, at Mt. Pleasant, and commenced the study of magnetism in Chicago, and in a short time became very proficient. He commenced and practiced several years at Riverton, Iowa, and in September, 1876, established in St. Joseph. His success in curing acute diseases of any description has been wonderful. His operating rooms contain one of the finest vitalizing electro-therapeutic cabinets for giving electric haths that is in use. The doctor has built up a good reputation in St. Joseph. Many of his patients are from Iowa, Nebraska, Kansas, Colorado, Texas and other states. Since coming to St. Joseph he took up the regular study of medicine and is a graduate of the College of Physicians and Surgeons. His wife, Mrs. Allie Estes, is an accomplished electrician. Her maiden name was Hutton, and in December, 1878, married Dr. Estes. They have one daughter by this union — Pearl. They are mem- bers of the First Baptist church. 742 BIOGRAPHICAL. JAMES FAHEY, one of our pioneer contractors, was born in County Tipperary, Ireland, in 1829; was raised to manhood and educated in his native country, and in 1853 came to America. For two years he resided in New York; then went to Chicago, remaining a few years, and in 1858 came to St. Joseph. He engaged in working at his trade, that of a mason, on the Patee House, and has since been identified with the building interests of the city. His specialty has been basement work, and in this branch he has built the foundations of a large number of fine structures; was also fore- man on the construction of the Cathedral. For a time Mr. F. was in partnership with Judge Patton, and at an early day was associated with C. Arnhold. He has been interested to a considerable extent in railroad contracting during his sojourn in St. Joseph. Mr. Fahey has a well stored mind, and when once made up it takes pointed and reasonable argu- ments to change it. In 1861, Miss Jane Burns, a native of Indiana, became his wife. They have seven children, Bernard, James, Mary, Annistasia, Susan, Belle and Jane. WILLIAM G. FAIRLEIGH, one of St. Joseph's most successful merchants, was born in Elizabeth- town, Hardin County, Kentucky, February 9, 1830. In 1843, he removed to ^yeston, Platte County, Missouri. In the spring following, he made his first attempt at merchandising by selling apples on the streets, and to the numerous passengers who, in those days, arrived and departed on the steamboats frequenting that port. In the spring of 1845, he went to Savannah, in Andrew County, and entered a hotel as clerk. He soon after assisted Felix Robidoux in his store. The latter may be termed the initial point of his business experience. In the spring of 1846, then a lad of sixteen, he went in quest of a fortune, to St. Joseph. His first experience there was in cleaning out a new store for Smith & Donnell, by whom he was afterwards employed as clerk. In 1848, Mr. Donnell sold his interest to Milton Tootle, the new firm being Smith, Bedford & Tootle, and continuing so till July, 1849, when Mr. Smith died. The succeeding firm was Tootle & Fairleigh. This continued to exist till January i, 1873. In 1853, this firm was the first west of St. Louis to start an exclusive jobbing trade. They continued in the business some twenty-five years. In the meantime, in view of declining health, Mr. Fairleigh determined to temporarily suspend business, and engage in traveling. In 1873, he sailed for Europe, visiting England and the Con- tinent. Returning to the New World, he visited California, Colorado and Canada. His travels occupied six years of his life. In 1879, he was again in St. Joseph, when he entered into partnership with Bailey & Weil, in the wholesale dry goods business, constituting what is now the ST. JOSEPH. 745 firm of Bailey, Fairleigh & Weil. Mr< Fairleigh married, October, 1867, Miss Alice O'Neill, daughter of James O'Neill, deceased, and a sister of^ Mrs. Milton Tootle. They have four children : J. O'Neill, Jennie, Mary and William G. J. P. FAIRCHILD, inventor of the Boss Water Sprinkler, was born in Illinois in 1837, and received a good education and learned the trade of stone cutting. In 1866, he went to St. Louis and engaged in the street sprinkling business with the Shureman Bros., with forty-five wagons. Mr. F., after experi- encing the inconvenience of using the common sprinkler, set about the improvement of it. In 1880, he matured his plans, made a working machine, got it patented, and now has a carriage and tank which is not only admired by all, but its work is perfection itself It has been adopted here, and in Keokuk, Iowa, Oskaloosa, Atchison, and some other cities, giving great satisfaction. He expects by another season to be able to supply the large increasing demand. He is now running five of his wagons in this city, which are not only in appearance a credit to the city, but their work is more natural than a shower itself Such improvements reflect great credit upon our inventor, and gives character to a city and the whole Country. Mr. F. has chosen this city for his future home. He is a man of energy and enterprise, and is a worthy acquisition to the business enterprises of this growing city. He married Miss Matilda Mooney, daughter of Jonathan Mooney, a merchant of St. Louis. They have, by this happy union, seven children: Ida May, Florence Belle, Mary Louisa, Laura Emma, John Arthur, Louis Charles and Herbert Davis. R. P. FALLS, blacksmith, is among the early settlers of St. Joseph, coming here in 1855. He was born in Perry, Allen County, Indiana, in 1844,. and settled in this county with his father, Shepperd Fales, in the above year. His father was well and favorably known in the county for a number of years, and now lives in Ft. Pierre. Dick was raised to manhood and learned his trade in this city and has a large acquaintance. As a blacksmith he ranks among the first. He was married, in 1865, to Miss Mary F. E. Striblen. By this union they have five children : Eva, Charlie, Alfred, Nora and Gus. PATRICK FARRELL, carpenter and builder, was born in County Meath, Ireland, where he was reared and educated. In 1848, he came to America, locating in Cincin- nati, Ohio, where he resided for a number of years. After spending some time in'the southern states, in the fall of 1859, he became a resident of 744 BIOGRAPHICAL. St. Joseph, where he has since been actively engaged in working at the jcarpenter trade. He married, in 1855, Miss Mary A. Lonergan. They "have ten children living : Edward, Kate, Richard, Annie, Nellie, Mary, Joseph, Thomas, Frank and Agnes. H. C. PARIS, son of Dr. Wm. Paris, ex-Deputy Sheriff, was born in Martinsburg, Berkley County, Virginia, March 25th, 1825. He came to this city in 1 October, 1856, and was engaged in contracting and building for years. In 1861, with Mr. G. M. Venable, he bought a saw mill, which they oper- ated until 1874. He then sold out, and the same year was appointed Deputy Sheriff by Col. Gates, the Sheriff, and served under him and also throilgh the term of James L. Spencer, his successor. He was married to Miss Rachel J. Darling in Berkley County, Virginia, December 24th, 1845. They have six children living, John W., Robert M., Alexander N., Catharine R., Virginia Berkley and Mary Thompson. G. W. PINN, machinist, with Kansas City, St. Joseph and Council Bluffs Railroad, is a native of New York, and was born in Port Jervis, July 4, 1853; his father, M. J. Finn, was one of the first conductors on the Erie Railroad, and was killed a number of years ago in a collision. G. W. spent his youthful days in the place of his birth, receiving the benefits of a good education. He is a graduate of the Port Jervis public school. His trade he learned in the shop of the Erie Railroad, serving four years, after which he worked as journeyman one year. He next went to Oneonta, Otsego County, New York, and worked in the shops of the Albany and Susquehanna Railroad, remaining three and a half years. In 1877, he drifted West, taking up his abode in St. Joseph, and has since been in the employ of the K. C, St. J. & C. B. Co. As a machinist Mr. Finn has but few equals in the West. As a citizen he has a large acquaintanceship, and is always found genial and companionable. He is among the leaders in society with the younger class of St. Joseph £lite. JOSEPH FISHER. In an humble, low roofed cabin, near the spot where the Blacksnake Creek empties its bluish waters in the Missouri, resides the subject of this sketch. Mr. Fisher was born in a small village in Germany, and emigrated to America in 1830, landing at the Crescent City, which was at the time sorely stricken with the Asiatic Cholera. Taking a boat, he ascended the Mississippi and Ohio Rivers, and disembarked at Evans- s " * 'J, PROPRIETOR Cirr'MILLS ST. JOSEPH. 745 ville, Indiana. After remaining here for several years, he removed to Vincennes, Indiana, where he married Cerilda Brown, having by this ■union one daughter. He shortly afterwards settled in Cincinnati, Ohio, and finally moved to St. Louis, Missouri, from which place he came to St. Joseph, Missouri, in March, 1843. Here he has lived for thirty-eight years, being one of the earliest pioneers of St. Joseph. He has lead a quiet, unobtrusive life, at all times, earning his bread by the sweat of his brow. He is respected by all who know him, as a kind neighbor, and as an industrious and honest man. CHARLES FITZNER, carpenter, architect and builder, an able representative of St. Joseph's mechanics, is our subject. He was born in Prussia, Germany, November 4th, 1850, and when a year and a-half old was taken to Canada, where he was educated, raised and learned his trade. In 1870, he took up his abode in St. Joseph, and has since been a resident, with the exception of eighteen months spent in the Black Hills. He has been a contractor for three years, and has designed and erected many attractive and solid busi- houses and residences. He was married in 1873 to Miss Dortha Kachle, a native of Hanover, Germany. They have three children, Charlie, John and Willie. Mr. Fitzner is a member of Enterprise Lodge, I. O. O. F. He is numbered among the best workmen in the city, and as a draughts- man has attained considerable celebrity. E. N. FLAISIG, one of St. Joseph's railroad men, who is deserving of special mention, was born in Sydney, Ohio, February i6th, 1841. When quite young he removed, with his parents, to Sandusky, where he was raised to man- hood and educated. His father, William Flaisig, was a merchant. In i86i, he commenced railroading, on the Ohio and Mississippi Railroad, continuing with that company, as freight conductor, for twelve years, after which, for five years, he was with the Missouri Pacific Railroad, in the same capacity. For three years he has had charge of the Hannibal & St. Joseph yard. He has served a long and continuous time .at the business, and is one of the most efficient hereabouts. May 2nd, 1865, Miss Jennie Stevenson, of Xenia, Ohio, became his wife. They have two children : Nannie O. and William R. Mr. Flaisig is a member of the A. 0. U. W., Select Knight. LEWIS V. FLEMING, well known in St. Joseph, is a native of Bucks County, Pennsylvania, and was born April 13, 1817. His father, Benjamin, and his grandfather, 46 746 BIOGRAPHICAL. Benjamin, were natives of that state. His mother was Raphel Bowman, and her father, Henry Bowman, was an officer in the revolutionary war. Lewis was raised in Morrisville, Pennsylvania. His father was a ship carpenter and died when our subject was quite young. After receiving the benefit of a limited common school education he went to Philadel- phia and learned the coach finishing trade, and in 1838, went to Cincin- nati and worked as journeyman, after which he took up his abode in Madison, Indiana, and there fitted up the first coach that ran on the Madison and Indianapolis Railroad. He was engaged for«i time in con- ducting a shop at Georgetown, Kentucky, after which he located in Worthsville, Kentucky, where for nine years he was engaged in mer- chandising. In 1855, he came to Missouri, locating in DeKalb County, and was engaged in stock raising, until 1866, when he became a resident of this city. He first commenced steamboating, purchasing the ferry, and acted in that role until after the completion of the bridge. There were but few residents in Buchanan County, and in Doniphan County, Kansas, but what became acquainted with Captain Fleming. He was married at Madison, Indiana, in 1840, to Miss Amelia, daughter of James H. Wallace, an official on the Madison and Indiana Railroad. By this union they have had eight children, Ben W., Louis F., James W., Henry B., George, Edward and Charles S.; lost one, Robert. Mr. Fleming is a member of the I. O. O. F., and was a charter member of Washington Lodge, No. II, of Madison, Indiana. During the nine years stay at Worthsville, Kentucky, in connection with his business, he held the position of Postmaster. He was one of the prime movers and directors of the St. Joseph and Denver Railroad. His sons, Ben W., and George B., the hatters; are among the sterling business men of St. Joseph. S. L. FLEMING, the popular representative of the new American sewing machine, is a native of Canada, and was born February 23, 1845. When twelve years of age, he removed to Chillicothe, Ohio, where he- was raised and educated, commencing the sewing machine trade when young. He was a resident of the Buckeye State until 1880, when he took up his abode in St. Joseph. Although but a short time in the city, he has made hosts of friends, by his affability, and business qualifications. He married in 1876, Miss N. F. Bond, of Ohio. They have two children by this union, John B., and Annie A. Mr. F. is a Royal Arch Mason and a Knight of Honor. M. K. FLEMING, freight agent, of the Kansas City, St. Joseph and Council Bluffs Railroad Company, is a native of Ohio, and was born in 1841. In 1861, he was married to Miss Mary Northup. Mr. Fleming was for four years in the ST. JOSEPH. 747 army, serving in four different Ohio and Indiana regiments. In i87i,he emigrated to Nebraska, and in 1875, was transferred to Missouri, being all the time in the employ of railroads. He is a Mason, an Odd Fellow, and a member of the Ancieiit Order of United Workmen. JAMES FLEMING, farmer and stock raiser. Section 34, Washington Township, postofifice St. Joseph, was born February 2d, 1830, in County Tipperary, Ireland, and was there reared and received a common school education. On the 8th of March, 1848, he emigrated to America, and landed at Quebec on the 20th of May. From there he went to Franklin County, New York, thence to Fleming County, Kentucky, in the spring of 1849 and from there to St. Louis, arriving in St. Joseph in the spring of 1850. He worked at odd jobs until 1857, and on the 22d of June of that year he married Miss Lydia Miller, a native of Athens County, Ohio. They settled in St. Joseph and remained for 12 years. He was in the employ of Nave, Mc- Cord & Co. for some time, also with Andrew L. Kerr & Co. and others. He went West in i860, and spent 7 years among the territories. He pur- chased the farm he now resides on in the spring of 1868, commenced improving it, and is now the owner of 1 14 acres of well improved land. He has a handsome residence, and a fish lake on the farm. He has filled the office of school director several terms. Mr. and Mrs. Fleming have five children, Mary, Margaret, (now Mrs. John Smith,) Agnes, Elizabeth and John D. Himself and family are members of the Catholic church. HON. NICHOLAS FORD, member of Congress, was born in Ireland, in July, 1830, and came to the United States in 1848, and to Saint Joseph in 1859. He has been a mer- chant for twenty years. As a business man, he has always won the con- fidence and support of the community. CAPTAIN WILLIAM FOWLER was born in the State of Delaware, in 1798. At an early age he removed to Indiana, where he was married to Miss Comfort L. Alley, who sur- vives him (1881). In the early history of Indiana, his name occupies a bright page, he having served six years in the Legislature of that State, five in the House and one in the Senate, only retiring with his removal to Missouri. He came with his family to Missouri in 1836, settling in Crawford Township, Buchanan County, on the quarter section of land now occupied by the town of Wallace. In 1839, ^^ was elected Circuit and County Clerk of Buchanan County, which position he occupied till '852. In 1846, when the county seat was changed from Sparta to St. 748 BIOGRAPHICAL. Joseph, he removed to this city, where he continued to reside up to the period of his death, which occurred at a few moments past two o'clock, on Tuesday, November 23d, 1880. At the breaking out of the civil war. Captain Fowler was commissioned and assigned to the Quartermaster- ship of General William R. Penick's regiment, and, at Mr. Lincoln's second election, was made Postmaster of St. Joseph. In all the positions of trust, filled by Captain Fowler, he invariably acquitted himself with credit, and honor to the state and government. He left, at his death, an aged wife and four children : Mrs. Benj. F. Loan, of St. Joseph ; Mrs. W. W. Guthrie, of Atchison ; Theodore A. and Miss Louisa Fowler. Captain Fowler was a man of great force of character, and during the period of his long and useful life achieved the. reputation of an emi- nently honest man, loved by many and respected by all. HENRY C. FOX, foreman for J. W. Ambrose & Co., is a native of Missouri, and was born in St. Louis, July 15, 1841. Was there raised and educated, and learned the machinist trade in the shop of Gatey & McCune, after which, for three years, he was foreman in McCoard's foundry, and, for eight years, was steamboat engineer on the Mississippi and Missouri Rivers. In 1870, he came to St. Joseph, and, for eight years, held the responsible position of pattern maker in the shops of the K. C, St. J. & C. B. R. R. He then went to Terra Haute, Ind., and held the same position in the car works in that city, until his return to St. Joseph, in September, 1880, with the exception of a temporary sojourn in Chicago. He has been with Ambrose & Co. since the autumn of 1880, and occupies a promi- nent place in the mechanical world. He was married in 1862 to Miss Lettia Newell. They have two children, Charles and Ada. Mr. Fox is a member of St. Joseph Lodge No. 78, A. F. & A. M., and has been Master of the lodge. B. B. FRAZER, of the firm of Smith, Frazer & Co., manufacturers and jobbers of boots and shoes, was born in Pennsylvania, March iStTi, 1826, and emigrated to Clark County, Ohio, February 15, 1845. In April, 1846, he came to Missouri in the employ of Wm. Sloan for the purpose of selling goods at St. Joseph. After investigating the situation, and not being pleased, he decided to locate at Weston. At that time, and for many years, Weston was the leading town on the river of Northwestern Missouri. Continu- ing business there for two years, he exchanged his goods for cattle and drove them to Philadelphia, which, at this time, seems impossible. After his return, through the kindness of Mr. A. P. Goff, who was then clerk- ing at Fort Leavenworth in the commissary department, a situation was ST. JOSEPH. 749 obtained, where he remained four or five months, after which he was employed by Young & Belt, of Weston, remaining with them until they sold out, and was retained by the new firm, C. A. & E. Perry. In 1854 and '55, great excitement prevailed over Kansas and Nebraska lands. Mr. Frazer and R. Brown bought land and laid out the town of Browns- ville, Nebraska. Mr. Frazer remained there for two years, improving and selling lots and at the same time managed a small stock of goods, which was the first in the town. Returning to Oregon, Holt County, Missouri, in 1856, he was elected mayor of the city, and afterward he was elected County Commissioner. The war then breaking out, and demoralizing business, in the fall of 1861, he, with R. E. Turner, loaded ten or twelve ox and mule teams with goods, which they took to Denver, Colorado, and remained until the following February. In the fall, Mr. Frazer vis- ited his old home in Pennsylvania, and while there, in January, 1863, he married Miss Annie E. Sterrell, daughter of Hon. Robert C. Sterrell, of Carlisle, Cumberland County, Pennsylvania. By this union they have had seven children, five of whom are living. In March, 1864, he returned to Missouri, and a partnership was formed by R. E. Turner, H. L. Wil- liams, J. M. Frazer and B. B. Frazer. - He and Mr. Williams took charge of the business at Forest City, Holt County, Missouri, and R. E. Turner and J. M. Frazer established a wholesale grocery trade at St. Joseph, the firm name being Turner, Frazer & Williams. The business at St. Joseph increased so rapidly that it was decided for the best interests of all, for Frazer & Williams to move to St. Joseph, which was done, and the busi- ness continued for two years, at which time Messrs. Williams & Frazer sold their interest to Turner, Frazer & Co., which firm still exists. The subject of this sketch has always been interested in Holt County, and is now a partner in retail business in Craig, and is President of the Frazer & McDonald Bank, at Forest City, which was established in 1873. He has been a member of the First Presbyterian Church since 1864 and an elder in the same, and has always contributed liberally to churches and educational institutions, and every good cause receives his hearty support. J. M. D. FRANCE, M. D,, was born in the District of Columbia, in 1841, and there received his lit- erary as well as his professional education, and was graduated at the Georgetown Medical University. In 1873, he moved westward, and set- tled in the practice of medicine and surgery in St. Joseph, where he soon achieved a reputation which ranked him with the first men of the profes- sion in that city. He has held, at different periods, the positions of City and County Physician. The latter office he has held uninterruptedly since 1877. He is (1881) a member of the State Medical Society, and of the District Medical Society, of Northwest Missouri. He also is a mem- 750 BIOGRAPHICAL. ber of the faculty of St. Joseph Hospital Medical College, filling the chair of materia medica, therapeutics, and medical and surgical clinics in that institution. He is also secretary of the faculty of the college. Dr. France was married to Miss Lida Sheed, a native of New York. She died in 1873, leaving one child, a son, Duncan Eugene. L. W. D. FRERKING, fruit grower, section 25, post-office, Saxton, was born March 6th, 1855, and is a native of St. Joseph. He was educated in the German and pub- lic schools of this city, and was principally engaged in the grocery busi- ness till the spring of 1876, when he moved to his .present location. His farm contains over forty-eight acres. He was married September 21st, 1876, to Miss Eliza ShoU, a native of New York, but of German ancestry. They have two children, Clara L. and George L. JOHN ADAM FREDRICK, upholsterer, was born March 28, 1824, at Wertheim, Baden, South Ger- many, where he was raised and learned the trade of upholsterer. Hav- ing always nourished liberal ideas, he took an active part in the move- ments of the republican party in South Germany, against the govern- ment. He was president of a working men's association, and did active service. When the revolution was suppressed he was condemned to imprisonment, but was successful in making his escape. He left his fatherland in 1849, ^^'^ emigrated to America, settling in Chicago, Illi- nois, where he worked as a carriage trimmer for four years. There he opened his own upholstering business, which he carried on for five years. In 1858, he moved to Davenport, Iowa, where he was employed as trim- mer for three years, and thence removed, in 1861, to Muscatine, Iowa, where he remained two years. In 1863, he came to St. Joseph and com- menced his upholstery business, which he has carried on successfully. His experience in this line enables him to turn out some of the best work done, and is securing for him a large patronage. He married, in 1849, Miss Susanna Kapper, who died three months after their marriage. He married again October 11, 1850, Mrs. Anna Kebekop, widow of Mr, Funk, who had two children, George Funk, born October 4, 1848, and Friedrich Funk, born September 28, 1850. The fruits of the present marriage are eight children, of whom four are living, Christine, born March 13, 1852, died November 11, 1854; Marie, born November 4, 1853, died December 14, 1856; Anna, born November 15, 1855, died April 25, 1856; Emilie, born April 29, 1857, died August 20, 1859. Those alive are Edward, born December 22, 1858 ; Charles, born September 12, i860; Margaretta, born January 14, 1866; Ottilie, born June 2, 1871. ST. JOSEPH. 751 W. C. FREDERICKS, of the firm of Fredericks & Morrison, contractors and builders, was born in Spain, March ist, 1833 ; was raised, educated and learned the brick- layers trade in Carroll County, Maryland. The first work he did after his apprenticeship was on the Capitol, at Washington, and the Armory, at Harper's Ferry. In 1854, came to Dayton, Ohio, sojourning for a time. In 1856, took up his abode in St. Joseph. The first work he did was on the Dr. Martin School Building, on Fifth Street, in May, 1856, after which he built the residences of A. Vories and Major Burrows. In 1863, went to Denver, Colorado, and was interested in erecting the first first-class work at that place. A large number of the finest buildings in the city have been built under his supervision. He also has had con- tracts in Iowa, Nebraska, and other states, building schools, court houses and private buildings. Among these is a female seminary, at Malvern, Iowa, and a banking house, at Creston, Iowa. Mr. Fredericks has worked at his trade in twenty-two states and five territories. He is one of the most efficient workmen of the day. Is a member of Zered- atha Lodge 189, A. F. & A. M. ; St. Joseph Chapter No. 14, R. A. M. ; St. Joseph Council No. 9, R. & S. M.; and St. Joseph Commandery No. 4, K. T. E. H. FUDGE, attorney at law, is a native of Missouri, and was born in 1850, received a good education and graduated at Missouri University. He read law iinder General William Skeen, of Virginia, and was admitted to the bar in September, 1874; married June 30th, 1880, to Miss Katie Stone, a native of Missouri. He is at present associated with L. R. Lancaster, the firm being Lancaster & Fudge, and they are securing a remuner- ative practice. H. M. GARLICHS, druggist, has been prominently connected with the commercial interests of St. Joseph. He was born in Liberty, Clay County, Missouri, October 9th, 1839, and was there raised and educated. His father, Dr. F. A. H., was a practitioner in Clay County for thirty years, and was also of the firm of Garlichs & Hail, druggists, at Liberty, where H. M. learned the business. In 1857, he removed to St. Louis, where his father engaged in the foundry business, under the style of Garlichs, Beck & Fisher, known as the Monroe Iron Works. This enterprise proved very disastrous to Mr. G. financially, and in i860, he came to St. Joseph with his family, where he was well known. His death occurred in 1865. The drug house of H. M. Garlichs was established twenty-one years ago, and is one ■of the substantial institutions of the city. The proprietor understands 752 BIOGRAPHICAL. his profession and under his careful supervision it has attained more than local notoriety. He is a Mason and an Odd Fellow. In 1864, Miss Emma Minturn, a native of Point Pleasant, West Virginia, became his wife. They have three children : Frederick, Ellis and Hartley M, •JOHN GOSTINE, engineer, with R. T. Davis, was born in County Antrim, Ireland, in 1832, and was there raised to manhood, and educated. He came to America in 1859, locating at Madison, Indiana, where he made his home for four- teen years. In 1863, he enlisted in Company C, i88th Ohio Volunteer Infantry, passing through the usual ordeal of warfare. At Wartress, Tennessee, he assisted in constructing and operating a saw mill, for making bridge timbers. Was honorably discharged in 1865, and returned to Madison, Indiana, where, for a number of years, he was engaged in a starch factory. He came to St. Joseph in 1873, as an employe in the starch factory that was there established, and continued in that work during its existence. He is an accomplished engineer and a worthy, unassliming man. He married in Ireland, in 1855., Miss Susan Gil- Ian, daughter of Aleck Gillan, a prominent millwright in that coun- try. They have had twelve children, eight of whom are living : Jane, John, James, Nellie, Mollie, Charlie, Aleck and Eddie ; lost four .; James, Elizabeth, Annie and Charlie. JOHN G. GEIWITZ, is a native of Germany and was born in Wurtemberg, October 3, 1827, was there reared to manhood,xeducated and learned the miller's trade, and also became proficient in the mechanical department of mill build- ing, wood, iron, stone work, etc. In 185 1, he came to the United States, locating in Louisville, Kentucky, where he was engaged at steamboat building. In 1858, he came to St. Joseph and engaged in working at his trade. He worked on the line of the overland stage route in building the stations between Fort Kearney and Julesburgh, and for a number of years was engaged in contracting and building many substantial and attractive buildings in this city. He has but few equals in the general branches of mechanism. The position he has filled with the St. Joseph and Western Railroad for several years — that of liaving under his con- trol the wood work of the machine department — requires great care and is a responsible charge. He was married in 1853, to Miss Barbara Weymiller. They have by this union nine children, William, Emma, Charles, John G., Rosa, Henry, Edward, Clara and Oscar. He is a mem- ber of the Druids, Wallhalla Grove. ST. JOSEPH. 753 DR. JACOB GEIGER. Jacob Geiger was born in Obernarie Province of Wurtemberg, Ger- many, July 25, 1848, and is the son of Anton and Mary Geiger, both natives of the same place. His father died May 2, 1851, leaving a widow and five children, of which the subject of our sketch is the young- est. In 1857, in company with his mother, his sister and her husband and brother, he emigrated to America, and on the 2d of May of that year landed at New York. They first settled in Champaign County, Illinois. During his stay in Illinois, Jacob attended the country schools, and soon learned the English language perfectly. In 1858, they removed to Brown County, Kansas, where they purchased a farm. On the loth of November of the same year, Mrs. Geiger died, and the subject of our sketch, with an- older brother, came to St. Joseph. In i860, his brother and family having returned to Illinois, Jacob followed them, and during the summer months assisted his brother in order that he might goto the Homer Seminary in the winter. In 1865, he returned to St. Joseph, where he took a course in Bryant's Business College. While pursuing his studies he became acquainted with Dr. Bishop. At this time Mr. Geiger had a very delicate operation performed on his foot by Dr. Bishop, requiring much time and the greatest skill. This required him to be away from his studies much of the time, and after a year's continuance at the college he left and entered his brother's store. He early formed a desire to study medicine, and soon commenced the study with Dr. Bishop as preceptor, but being unable, both financially and physically, to devote his entire time to that study, he entered the drug store of Penick & Loving, where he remained nine months. During this time he did not cease his study of medicine, his only opportunity being the latter part of the evening, two o'clock in the morning often finding him at his books. After leaving the drug store, he resumed reading with Dr. Bishop,, and at the same time getting considerable practice. He had by this time accumulated sufficient means to enable him to attend lectures at the Medical University at Louisville, Ken- tucky, where he went in 1871. Here he passed a successful examina- tion and received a diploma. He then returned to St. Joseph and opened an office, and has succeeded in building up a large, successfiil and profitable practice. In the fall of 1879, the College of Physicians and Surgeons was organized, and Dr. Geiger was chosen to fill the chair of Professor of the Principle and Practice of Surgery and Clinical Sur- gery, which he still holds. The, Doctor possesses a talent for surgery, and h,as turned his attention almost exclusively to that branch. He has performed nearly all of the major operations in surgery, and the profes- sion and people are a unit in giving to him the honor of being the lead- ing surgeon in the Northwest. He has figured prominently in all of the 754 BIOGRAPHICAL. medical organizations of the state; was one of the founders, and, for five years, the Secretary of the District Medical Society of Northwest Mis- souri; was Vice President of the State Medical Society of Missouri, and Secretary of the St. Joseph Medical Society, and is a member of the American Medical -Association. The Doctor has been very successful, and has accumulated a large amount of city property, and has an elegant residence and office. Dr. Geiger has been favored in obtaining every- thing to make life happy, with the exception of a wife, he being yet unmarried. STEPHEN GEIGER was born in the Province of Wurtemberg, Germany, December 25tH, 1838, and came to this country in 1852, settling in Delaware County, Pennsylvania. He came to this city June i6th, 1858, and immediately commenced the dairy business and cbntinued in it for five years, when he engaged in the dry goods and grocery business and this he has since followed. ■ In 1862, he was awarded a contract to furnish the army hos- pital with milk and other articles, which he continued for two years, to the great satisfaction of the government. He has always been a true Union' man and a Republican, but was so reasonable in his views that he has always maintained an honorable position with those who differ from him in their political views. Mr. G. began business very poor, but by great energy, enterprise and economy he has accumulated a fine property and enjoys the respect and confidence of the entire community. His education was very limited, but he has closely applied himself and is a scholarly business man. He was elected councilman from the First Ward in 1880, and a better and safer officer for the proper care of a city could not be found. He is a self-made man and his life has been a suc- •cess. He married Nannie A. Carroll, in this city, January loth, i860. They have five children : Delia, Wm. H., Emma, Veta and Ole. WILLIAM GERNANDT, wholesale dealer in hides, leather and wool, was born June 18, 1833, at Gundersblum, Hessen Darmstadt, Germany, and, after being educated, he learned the trade of barber. In 1852, he went to Liverpool, and thence came to the United States, and landed at New York City. After having been employed there for nine months, he left for Auburn, New York, to work with his brother, Jacob. After a time, he felt desirous to work for himself, and made his desire a reality by going to Binghampton, New York, and carrying on his own business for one year there, and, afterwards, three years in Indianapolis, Indiana. Then he kept a barber shop at Syracuse, New York, for one year, and at Leavenworth, Kansas, for three months. He came to St. Joseph in March, 1858, where he at ST. JOSEPH. 755 once opened and carried on for years a barber shop. In 1862, he paid a visit to his native home. There, at Gundersblum, he married Miss Charlotte Loos, and returned with her on the Great Eastern, and arrived at New York City, July 13, 1862, coming directly to St. Joseph, Missouri, and to carry on his old business. In 1869, he discontinued this, and went into the tanning business. One year later, he connected with this a wholesale hide, leather and wool business, which enlarged every year. By his energy and integrity, he has gained a high standing in commercial circles. Mr. and Mrs. G. have two children : Wilhelm Frederick, born September 24, 1863 ; George Otto, born October 18, 1865. H. E. GIBSON was born September 30, 1842, and was among the iirst born in the county. He was educated in the schools of St. Joseph, and until 1874 was a farmer. In that year he came to this city, and engaged in merchandising, and continued it for five years, when he entered the employ of S. H. Rice & Co., and there has since continued. For many years Mr. G. has been interested in the fire department, and in 1878 was appointed Assistant Chief, and in 1880 was elected Chief. His judgment and prompt action at fires and command over men has won for him hosts of friends. He married Miss Mary L. Cross, of this city, December 24, 1868. They have three children — Annie Estella, Edward R. and Jessie May. THOMAS J. GIBSON, farmer and gardener, section 15, post-office St. Joseph, was born in Clay County, Kentucky, November 13, 1828, and when about eleven years of age his parents moved to Grundy County, Missouri, and came to Buchanan County in the spring of 1840. He was educated in the com- mon schools and Maj. Ramey's College and the Academy of St. Joseph. From 1846 until 1847, he acted as assistant wagon master, his father being general wagon master. In 1850, he went to California and remained till 1858, and was there engaged in mining, farming and freighting. His landed estate consists of fifty acres, containing a fine orchard and a small vineyard. He was married November 4th, 1858, to Miss Sarah J. Payne. She was born in Spencer County, Kentucky, June iith, 1839, and died March 2nd, 1881. They have had ten children, seven of whom are living : Wm. D., MoUie, Eliza O., Frank, Henry T., Katie T. and Josie. MARTIN GILL, of the firm of Gill & Son, dealers in staple and fancy groceries, is a native of Ireland, and was born in the County Galway, November 8th, 1831 ; was there reared and educated, and in 1852 came to America, 756 BIOGRAPHICAL. residing in different places, until 1858, when he became a citizen of St. Joseph. For a time he was in the employ of the Hannibal and St. Joseph Railroad, and for a number of years was car inspector of the Kansas City, St. Joseph and Council Bluffs Railroad. In 1877, he engaged in his present business. His trade, which is large and increas- ing, is a sufficient testimonial of his popularity. He married, March 4th, 1854, Miss Maria Winston. By this union they have five children: John T., Martin J., Michael F., Charles P. and James H. ELISHA GLADDEN, was born in Franklin, Howard County, Missouri, October 3, 1818. He came to this city in 1834, when there was no other man here but J. Robi- doux. Young Gladden went into Mr. Robidoux' small store as clerk, all their customers then being Indians. He remained with him until Janu- ary 1838. He made a claim and sold it to Mr. Highly, and was helping Mr. Robidoux more or less until the county organization. He has been in various kinds of business, speculating in anything he could make pay. He is and will always be known and remembered as " Lish Gladden." His recollection of events connected with early life are fresh in his mem- ory, and we are indebted to him for many early reminiscences. He mar- ried Miss Eliza Jane Bailey, of Ohio, January 27, 1848. They have two children,. Corinne, who married W. L. Pappan, of this city and Mabel, wife of J. L. Haggett. He lost one son, Elijah, who died in August, 1850. MICHAEL GLEASON, City Weigh Master, was born in County Galway, Ireland, in November, 1843, and came to this country and city in July, 1863. He engaged in the grocery business, and then commenced running an express .and hack line, and for six years has been Weighmaster at the city scales. By his faithful and upright course he has won the' confidence of the public. From an injury received on one of his limbs at eleven years of age, in 1877 he was obliged to suffer its amputation. He married Bridget Ryan in June, 1869. They have five children, Mary, John, Patrick, Michael and Agnes. J. GOODLIVE, Jr., jeweler, was born in Morgan County, Ohio, July 26, 1838, and there was raised and learned the jeweler's trade. His father, J. Goodlive, Sr., was a hotel keeper in McConnellsville and other points. In 1858, he came to St. Joseph, engaging in the wholesale grocery trade, which he con- tinued until 1861. The subject of our sketch was engaged in business at various localities until 1871, when he purchased his present site. ST. JOSEPH. 757 His store is conveniently situated and very complete in all its appoint- ments. He was married in i860, to Miss S. E. Miller, a native of Mis- souri. She is a daughter of Isaac Miller, one of the first settlers of Buchanan County. H. G. GORDON, Sr., farmer. Section 25, Postoffice Saxton, was born in Surry County, North Carolina, August 10, 1820, and when eighteen years of age he went to Shelby County, Kentucky, In 1842, he came to Buchanan County. Was raised on a farm, and when twenty-two years of age he learned the car- penter's trade, and has worked at it more or less during life. He has also dealt quite extensively in stock, and he now owns one hundred acres of land. But a few years ago he was a heavy landholder in this county. Was married May 9, 1 861, to Miss Violet Jackson. She was born in the same county as himself, in 1833. They have four children — Lucy J., Andrew L., Harden G., Jr., and Murray. JOSHUA ALLEN GORE, M. D., was born in Nelson County, Kentucky, November 27, 1823, and moved to Paris, Monroe Couitty, Missouri, and practiced for nine years, and then to Gentry County and practiced seven years. In April, 1861, he came to this city, where he has since been in the actiye practice of his profession. He married Elizabeth E. Davis, of Bloomfield, Kentucky, in January, 1846. She died twenty-two months after her marriage. In October, 1848, he married for his second wife, Zuelda Vaughn, of Ken- tucky. They have three children living: Thomas A., Annie E. and Walter Ogden. He received a good education at the St. Joseph College, Beardstown, and studied medicine with Drs. Merrifield and Beemis, of Bloomiield, Kentncky, and attended the medical course at Louisville, Kentucky. He was appointed Health Officer of this city in 1870, and again in 1878-9. He is a inan of good judgment and of great experi- ence in his profession. He is a member of the State Medical Society. Dr. Beemis, his honored preceptor, is now a Professor in the Medical College in New Orleans, and a member of the National Board of Health. , SAMUEL GOSNELL, carpenter and builder, was born in Vigo County, Indiana, June 3, 1831, and was there raised and educated. In early life his vocation was that of a farmer. His father, Jehu, was an early settler in the Hoosier State, locating four and one-half miles northwest of Terra Haute. He was a carpenter by trade and Samuel adopted that profession. He there resided until 1856, and then came to Worth County^ Missouri, engaging in agricultural pursuits. In 1859, he came to St. Joseph, and during the 75 8 BIOGRAPHICAL. summer season he has principally followed his profession. During the winter season, for thirty-four years, has worked in pork packing houses, and is very proficient in this important branch. During his residence here he has worked in all the leading houses, and as a carpenter and builder is a success. October i, 1857, he was married in Indiana to Miss Rhoda Ransdell. They have four children, Isabelle, David, Eddie and Frank. WILLIAM GOULDING, carpenter and builder. A typical mechanic and a skilled workman is our subject. He was born in Manchester, England, August 14, 1837, and was raised, educated, and learned his trade in his native city. In 1861, he came to the United States, and for one year resided in Buffalo, New York, after which he returned to his native country, sojourning there for eight years. He again came to this country, and for a number of years worked in Chicago, Illinois, and Manistee, Michigan, when he again visited England, remaining a short time. After returning, he located in Kansas and worked at his trade, and during the winter of 1879 came to St. Joseph. He was married in England to Miss Mary Harrold. D. B. GRAY, architect, contractor and builder, was born in Holmes County, Ohio, April 7, 1837, and in 1848, removed to Iowa, his father, Samuel, locating with his family at Des Moines. He is ^till a resident of Polk County. D. B. was there raised and learned his trade. For a! time he pursued his vocation at Leavenworth, Kansas, and for two years was in the employ of the Rock Island road as bridge builder. In the spring of 1877, he took up his permanent abode in St. Joseph, and has since been recog- nized among its prominent builders. Samuel Gray was identified with the early history of Polk County, Iowa, and in 1849 l^^'d the office of county judge, and was well known in political circles. Our subject was married, in 1861, to Miss Sarah A. Brown, of Des Moines. By this union they have four children, Clara, William, Florence and Robert. W. S. GRANT, lessee of Contrary Lake Club House, was born in Connecticut, February 3, 1843, and received a good common school education. Emigrated to Indiana in 1871. Was married to Mary A. Bruder, a native of Indiana. She was born March 3, 1854. By this union they had one child, which died when four years old. Mr. G. removed to Chicago in 1877, and thence to St. Joseph May 24, 1881. He has been connected with hotels, etc., for twenty-five years. Mr. J. W. Bailey owns the above described ST. JOSEPH. 759 property, and Mr. Grant devotes his tinae and talent to the enterprise. He has a large and attractive house, refurnished throughout. The Club House has two ten-pin alleys, billiards, croquet, lawn tenis, archery, lawnette, grace hook&, DeSoto, rolette, and all new games suitable for ladies and gentlemen. Bath houses and ample stabling in connection with the hotel. He has fifteen fine boats, and one twenty-five feet cedar boat, upholstered in gorgeous style, suitable for the most fastidious. R. F. GREER, dealer in general merchandise, was born in Edgar County, Illinois, Sep- tember 23, 1830, and when quite young, removed with his parents to Vigo County, Indiana. He remained in that state until August, 1862, when he tendered his services to the Union cause, enlisting in Company E, Seventy-first Indiana, and served two years and ten months, when he was honorably discharged. In 1865, he came to Missouri, and engaged in trade six miles east of St. Joseph, continuing there for several years. After this he was in the employ of A. A. Mclninch, for five years. Mr. Greer carries a very complete stock of goods, and being favorably known throughout the city and county for square dealing, does a lucra- tive business. A. S. GREENE, _grocer, is a native of New York, and was born in Berlin, Rensselaer County, November 10, 1839. His father, Nicholas, was a son of John Green, a gen- eral of note in the Revolutionary War. The former died when A. S. was in his ninth year, and his educational advantages were limited, his early days being spent in tilling the soil. When he attained his nineteenth year he went on the road with a notion wagon, in the interests of D. B. Darrow, of Syracuse, New York, continuing one year, after which he entered the employ of Bordwell & Hopkins, of New York City, and was their representative for eight years. He was engaged in different pur- suits in New York, New Jersey and other eastern states, and a large por- tion of the time was in the patent right business. In 1870, he came West, and located in St. Joseph, on the 4th of July, of that year, and soon after engaged in trade at his present location. Mr. Green com- menced life in very meagre circumstances. He is of a liberal and sym- pathetic nature, and has had some heavy losses financially, by accom- modating other people. He has been twice married, first at Watertown, New York, in 1867, to Miss Azelman Van Pelt, her death occurred in St. Joseph, in 1871. In 1878, he married Miss Mattie Nelson, of Platte City, Missouri. Mr. Greene is a Master Mason, and a member of the I. O. O. F. Encampment. 76o BIOGRAPHICAL. A. D. GREEN, attorney-at-law, was born in Andrew County, Missouri, in 1855, and was raised on a farm.. He was educated in the schools of St. Joseph .and the State University at Columbia, Missouri. He made choice of the practice of law as a profession, and graduated from the Law Depart- ment of the State University in 1876. Since that time he has been actively engaged in the duties of his chosen occupation. WILLIAM GRILL, musician, was born July 12, 1828, at Grossen Rhueden, Hanover, Ger- many, and when only one year old his mother died, and his father was shot by accident and died when W. was twelve years old. His uncle then took charge of him and sent him to school. After his education, having shown much talent for music, his uncle gave him permission to join a musical combination, iV^hich went to Russia. He was with them for one year, and returned to his birth-place to secure a thorough musical educa- tion. In 1843, he was sent to Salzgitter, and became a pupil of Otto Schmidt, the leader of the city musicians, where he served his appren- ticeship for five years. Then went to Hanover and joined the citizen's military band for one year and a half Returning to his first teacher, he played with his orchestra at different watering places for several seasons. In 1853, he was a member of the First German Marine Band of the man- of-war, Ernst August, which made a concert tour for two years through Northern Germany. Having had the desire to see Americaj he formed in 1855 a musical band and came to New York. He performed there and at Baltimore. In 1855, they dissolved, and Mr. Grill enlisted as a musi- cian in the United States marines, on the man-of-war, Merrimac, which was dispatched on a long trip. They visited England, France, Spain and the West Indies, and returned, after a stoppage at all the principal com- mercial points there, to Boston, Massachusetts, where the musicians -were transferred to the frigate, Roanoke, which made a trip to Key West, Havana and Aspinwall. As the ship was damaged in a storm, they returned to Boston, and Mr. Grill was discharged. He went to New Orleans, where he stayed one year, and from there to St. Louis. In i860, he enlisted as musician in the Third Infantry Regiment for three months, and August 17, 1861, he became leader of the music band of the First Regiment Missouri Volunteers, which position he retained until March, 1862, when he returned to St. Louis. To recover his health and to take advantage of the good prospects St. Joseph offered to a musician, he came to this place in 1865, and joined the St. Joseph Band. By his fine qualities as a rawsician and his great experience, he succeeded in bring- ing his band to a high standing, and found his troubles well paid by the acknowledgement of the public. He has been twice married — in 1858, ST. JOSEPH. 76 1 to Miss Emilie Grill, who died in 1867. In 1868, he married Miss Eliza- beth Knoth. They have five children — Mina Emilie and Elise, twins, born March 29, 1869, of whom Elise died when fourteen months old; Johann Fleinrich, born October 28, 1870; Henrietta Ottilie, born May 17, 1873 ; and Elise Wilhelmina, born October 25, 1879. HEINRICH GRONEWEG. dealer in cigars and tobacco. Mr. G. is the pioneer in this line in St. Joseph, and was born April 24th, 1821, at Lemfoerde, Hanover, Ger- many, where he was raised. After having received his education he was employed as clerk in the revenue collector's oflfice at Lemfoerde, which position he filled until 1848, with the exception of a year and six months, which he served as soldier. In this year he emigrated to America and went from New York city to Cincinnati, Ohio, where he remained two years, then removed to St. Louis and was employed until 1852, when he came to St. Joseph and engaged in the cigar business. One year after his arrival he opened his own cigar manufacturing and tobacco business, which he carries on very successfully. He was married April 26th, 1857, to Miss Catharine Becker. They have six children : Heinrich, Carolina, Charles, William, Emma and George. AUGUST GROSS, cooper. This enterprising workman was born in New York city, March 27th, 18154, '^nd when ten years of age came to Missouri with his parents, his father and the family locating in Weston, Platte County. There our subject was raised, educated and partially learned his trade. He worked as journeyman at various points, eventually locating in St. Joseph in 1874. He is well up in the business in all its branches and does a large amount of work. In 1880, Miss Lizzie Veosteen became his wife. C. L. GROSSCUP, engineer on the Kansas City, St. Joseph & Council Bluffs Railroad, is a native of New York, and was borp in Canajoharie, Montgomery County August II, 1,842. His father, Henry, was a stone mason by trade, but followed farming. The family emigrated to Illinois when our sub- ject was quite young, and after a short sojourn removed to Galesburg, Illinois. In; 1865, he commenced railroading on the Chicago, Burlington & Quincy as fireman, and in 1867, took charge of an engine, continuing with this company until 1870, when he came on what is now the Kansas City, St. Joseph & Council Bluffs Railroad, and has since been in their employ. During the war he was a soldier in the One Hundred and Sec- ond Illinois Volunteer Infantry, Company D., and participated in sixteen 762 BIOGRAPHICAL, hard battles and numerous skirmishes; served until the close of the war when he was honorably discharged at Washington, D. C. Mr. C. has a versatile and inventive mind, and has recently invented a packing for locomotives, which promises to revolutionize the old system, being a great improvement. It is highly indorsed by all railroad men and will no doubt come into general use. Was married, March 17, 1861, to Miss Mary M. Keller. By this union they have five children, Ida L., Mary L., Ellen A., Hattie and Charles K. He is a Master Mason, Knight Tem- plar, and a member of the Brotherhood of Locomotive" Engineers. PETER HABIG, manufacturer of stoneware and terra cotta goods. An important industry, is operated by this gentleman. He is a native of Germany and was born on the 24th of May, 1836, and was there raised until he attained his 19th year, when he came to America, locating in St. Louis. In i866, he removed to St. Joseph, engaging, in the manufacture of terra cotta in a small way, and has been gaining until now he has one of the largest institutions in Northwestern Missouri. In sewer and drain pipes he has a very extensive trade. On the i8th of March, 1866, Miss M. A. Miller became his wife. She is the daughter of D. and Mary Miller, pioneers of Andrew County. Her grandfather Miller, in his time, was a promi- nent politician of Virginia, and a personal friend of Cabe Jackson. The Millers are among the leading families of Virginia. T. H. HAIL. commercial job printer, was born in Pulaski County, Kentucky, May 18, 1838. His father, Micajah, and mother, Elizabeth, nee Vaughan, were natives of Virginia. T. H. spent his youthful days in farming, receiving the benefits of common schools. In his fifteenth year he entered the Somerset Gazette office, where he received his primary knowledge of the printing business. He eventually came to Muscatine, Iowa, worked at his trade about a year and then came to Savannah, Andrew County, Missouri, and became the editor and publisher of the Democrat, which he published until 1861. The strong prejudices which were existing at that time in this section culminated, and Mr. Hail found his sanctum, one morning, minus the requisite paraphernalia for operating a first-class newspaper. After this serious loss he tendered his services to the Con- federate army and fought for the cause he advocated with his pen. After returning from the army 'he went into the employ of the St. Joseph Herald. He spent one year in Montana, and after returning became foreman on the Herald, which position he held until he engaged' in the job printing business. In 1868, he was one of the members of a new job printing company, which is now the Steam Printing Company, and after- ST. JOSEPH. 763 wards was associated with C. P. Kingsbury in the book and job printing business. During A. Beattie's administration as Mayor, Mr. Hail was President of the City Council, and to him the city is partly indebted for cheap gas, for througn his instrumentality the second gas company secured the privilege of laying pipe. W. G. HALL, M. D., a representative physician of the City of St. Joseph, was born in the State of Pennsylvania, whence he emigrated to Ohio, in 1858. He read medicine three years, under the direction of Dr. W. R. Cowden, and, during the winter of 1853 and 1854, attended medical lectures in Phila- delphia, Pennsylvania. He also attend lectures at the Cleveland Med- ical College, under Professor Weber, in the winter of 1857. He subse- quently took a complete course in the Homeopathic School of St. Louis, Missouri. He was graduated in both these institutions. After careful investigation of the respective merits of the two systems, he adopted the Homeopathic, which he continues to practice to-day. In August, 1864, he left Ohio, and moved to Quincy, Illinois. In February, 1865,. he again moved, settling permanently in St. Joseph, Missouri. During the civil war. Dr. Hall served in the Army of the Cumberland as sur- geon of the Tenth Ohio Cavalry. He is a prominent member of the Masonic Order, and at present (1881) Grand Commander of the Knights Templar of the State of Missouri. He is also a member of the thirty- second degree of A. A. S. R. In recognition of his valuable official services, the members of St. Joseph Commandery presented the Doctor an elegant gold badge. His professional visits are confined to the city, only visiting points beyond its limits which may be reached by rail. He has strong faith in the virtue of electricity, the application of which he considers indispensable in the treatment of certain diseases. His labor- atory and dispensary are amply supplied with every appliance of modern excellence, and his library is one of the most complete to be found in a Western city. Dr. Hall and his wife are both members of the M. E. Church South. J. HANNAN, bridge superintendent on the, St. Joseph and Western Railroad, the subject of this sketch, is a native of Canada West, and was born Febru- ary 28, 1841. He was partly raised in that country and learned his trade in Saginaw, Michigan, where he resided several years. In 1864, he enlisted in the Second Michigan Artillery ; was taken prisoner near Nashville, Tennessee, but effected an escape soon after, and served until the close of the war, when he was honorably discharged. He returned to Michigan, thence to Pennsylvania, and in the spring of 1866, came 764 BIOGRAPHICAL.^ to St. Joseph and commenced bridge work with the Hannibal and St. Joseph Railroad, after which, for four years, he was in the employ of the Missouri Valley Company, and has since been on the St. Joseph and Western Railroad. To Mr. H. much credit is due for the excellent con- dition which the bridges on this road are in. He married February 8, 1868, Miss Mary McEvoy, of this city. By this union they have five chil- dren, Frank J., Eugene Elizabeth, George, Maud and James Mark. ERNEST HANSEN, foreman of car and building department for the St. Joseph and Western Railroad, is a native of Germany, and was born in Prussia, April 29, 1846. He came to America with his parents when young. His father, Henry, was a cabinet-maker, and located with his family in Chenango County, New York, where our subject was raised, educated and learned his trade. In 1869, he came West and located at Netawaka, Kansas, and was in the employ of the Central Branch of the Union Pacific until 1872, when he came to this city, and has since been with the St. Joseph and Western Railway. He is among the excellent mechanics of the country, and well up in car building and genbral railroad work. In 1870, Miss Beatrice E. Bibb, of Nemaha County, Kansas, became his wife. They have three children — Joseph, Arthur and Victor. Mr. H. is a Master Mason of Polar Star Lodge, No. 31, of Netawaka, and a member of the Druids. JOSEPH HANSEN, Assistant General Freight and Passenger Agent of the St. Joseph and Western Railroad, was born in the City of Cologne, on the River Rhine, in Prussia, April 19th, 1840, and emigrated to America September 13th, 1853, landing at New York, where he remained but a short time and then settled in Chenango County, where he attended school for one year and then entered as an apprentice in the establishment of Haysj Lattin & Co., manufacturers of pianos, and remained until the outbreak of the war. He enlisted as a private, April 19th, i'86i, in Company H, Seventeenth New York State Volunteers, Colonel Lansing commanding. May loth, 1861, he was appointed sergeant major, and in 1862 was transferred to Company G, Fourteenth United States Infantry, and served through the Peninsular campaign, and participated in the battles of Yorktown, Williamsburg, Hanover Court House, Mechanicsville, Malvern Hills and others. He was wounded at the latter place, and being disabled, he learned the art of telegraphy, and after his recovery was ordered to report to the United States Military Telegraph Corps at St. Louis, and served until the close of the war, very efficiently, in this branch of the service, in Missouri and Arkansas. At the close of the war he remained at Weston, Missouri, as agent and telegraph operator ST. JOSEPH. 765 of the Missouri Valley Railroad. In- 1870, he left the employ of this company and was in the employ of the Central Branch of the Union Pacific Railroad in different positions, at various stations, until 1873, and then came to St. Joseph, where he has been connected with the St. Joseph and Denver, now St. Joseph and Western, first as General Agent, then Master of Transportation and Superintendent of Telegraph. In 1878, he was appointed General Freight and Ticket Agent, and also has charge of the telegraph department. He now holds the position of Assistant General Freight and Passenger Agent and Master of Transportation and Superintendent of Telegraphs. In 1879, he raised a company of State Militia called the St. Joseph Light Infantry, and was soon after elected Major of the Second Battalion National Guard of Missouri. Mr. Hansen married Miss Rebecca Thompson, of Van Buren, Arkansas, August 15 th, [864. W. P. HARTMAN, painter, is a native of Missouri, and was born January 6, 1854. His father, Michael, was an agriculturist, and W. P., until he was thirteen years old, spent his days in farming. He then went to Kansas City and learned his trade and resided there until 1874, when he became a resi- dent of St. Joseph, and has since applied himself diligently to his trade, in which art he stands among the foremost. He was married August 26, 1877, to Miss Nettie Dennison. By this union they have one son, William Arthur. J. M. HARRISON, merchant tailor, stands among the popular cutters and fitters of St. Joseph. Was born in Springfield, Ohio, January 14, 1842. His father^ J. M., was one of the pioneers of that city, and well known in commer- cial circles. For a number of years he was in partnership with James Leffel, of turbine water wheel fame. The subject of this sketch, in 1861, enlisted in Company B, Eighty-sixth Ohio Volunteer Infantry, for the three months call, after which he enlisted in the One Hundred and Twenty-ninth Ohio Volunteer Infantry, serving until the close. After the war he went to Muscatine, Iowa, and assumed the management of a tailoring establishment, a business he had become familiarized with in his native state. In 1869, he came to this city, and has since been recognized among its most enterprising business men. He is one of the patentees of Harrison's kitchen safe, an article of furniture that has won a well merited reputation. Was married, in 1872, to Miss Abby Sander- son, a native of Springfield, Illinois. They have two children, Francis and Charles. ' * 766 BIOGRAPHICAL. * C. FJ HARRAL, foreman of the paint shops of the Kansas City, St. Joseph and Council Bluffs Railroad Company, was born in Leeds, England, December 24, 1845, and when young, came to the United States, with his parents, his father, B. F., locating in Aurora, Illinois, where the subject of this sketch was principally raised. He learned his trade in Aurora and Galesburg, and in the latter place was a resident for eleven years, being in the employ of the Chicago, Burlington and Quincy Railroad Company. On the isth of August, 1878, he took charge of the Kansas City, St. Joseph and Council Bluffs shops. His long experience has made him proficient in the various details of railway painting, and few. in the profession have a more enviable reputation. He was married in 1869, to Miss Mary Stockdale, of Ohio. They have four children, Frank, Minnie, Lillie and Edith. Is a member of Blue Lodge of Masons. JOHN S. HARKEY, carpenter and builder, was born in Montgomery County, Illinois, Decem- ber 30, 1850, and when sixteen years of age, his father, Daniel V., who was a carpenter, removed to Gentry County, Missouri. John S. was raised and learned his trade in Missouri, and resided in various places till he finally located in St. Joseph in the spring of 1881. He married May 22, 1869, Miss S. R. Shaffer, and by this union, they have five children, Dora S., John D., Mary E., Thomas E. and Lillie M. MAJOR HENRY R. W. HARTWIG, of the firm of H. R. W. Hartwig & Co., was born at Niedermoellrich, near Cassel, Province Hessen, Germany, April 11, 1837. Here he received his education. At the age of seventeen years, actuated by a restless spirit of enterprise, he determined to leave the home of his fathers and try his fortune in the New World. Embarking at Bremen, he, in due time, landed in the city of New York. After a short stay, he proceeded to Cleveland, Ohio, where he remained till the fall of 1856. Eager to see , the West, he visited the states of Iowa, Nebraska and Kansas, and, in the fall of 1857, landed in St. Joseph, where, one year later, he engaged in active mercantile business. His first experience was in the retail grocery business, in which he met with highly encour- aging success. In 1863, he engaged in the grain and produce trade, shipping largely up to 1864, when he embarked in the wholesale grocery and liquor business. In 1870, he abandoned the grocery trade, and con- fined his attention exclusively to the sale of wine and liquor, engaging largely in importing. In 1869, his brother, Ernst F., engaged in part- ndkship with him, creating the present firm, which by well directed ST. JOSEPH. "jdj energy and scrupulous integrity, has achieved merited success. Mr. Hartwig has always taken an active part in public affairs, and has at dif- ■ferent periods, held several important positions, both civil and military. At the outbreak of the civil war, he enlisted in Captain Harbine's com- pany of Missouri militia, and August 2i, 1862, was promoted by Governor Gamble to the grade of First Lieutenant. October 7, 1864, he was com- missioned by Governor Hall Captain of Hartwig's Independent Artillery Company. June 29, 1865, he received from Governor Fletcher a com- mission as Major in the First Regiment of Buchanan County militia. His merits as an upright and competent business man were fully recog- nized by his fellow-citizens, who elected him in April, 1870, to the Col- lectorship of the City of St. Joseph, a position the duties of which he discharged acceptably to the close of his two years' term. He is now (1881) First Vice President of the Board of Trade. He is also a Director and First Vice President of the St. Joseph Exposition Company. He is also a Director of the St. Joseph and Northwestern Missouri Immigra- tion Society, of which association he holds the office of Treasurer. In 1867, Governor Fletcher showed his personal regard for Mr. Hartwig by appointing him one of the Commissioners to represent the State of Mis- souri at the Paris Exposition, an honor which, however, in view of the sudden illness and subsequent death of his child, he was prevented from accepting. Mr. Hartwig married March i, i860. Miss Carolina Kuechler. He has had two children — George Henry, born in i860, and Ernst ■Charles, born January i, 1864. The former died in 1867. E. F. HARTWIG, of the firm lof H. R. W. Hartwig & Co., was born February 20, 1844, at .Niedermoellrich, near Cassel, Province Hessen, Germany, where he was reared and employed in the grocery business. In 1862, he followed his ibrother and emigrated ,to America, arrived in New York City, and came to St. Joseph in April, 1862. There he was employed as clerk and book- keeper in the dry goods house of Stix & Eckhart for seven years. In J869, he joined partnership with his brother, and opened a wholesale husine&s under the firm of H. R- W. Hartwig & Co., and helped, by industry and energy, to bring the business to the high standing it now occupies. He married March 18, 1868, Miss Emma Friedrich, of St. Louis. They have four children, Henry Oswald, Emma, Metta and Xatharina. PHILIP HAUCK, carpenter and builder, was born in Germany. His father, Theo., was a cooper, and before Philip attained his majority came to America, locat- ing in Buffalo, New York, where he learned the carpenter trade, and 768 BIOGRAPHICAL. became proficient in architecture. During the war, he was a soldier in Company A, looth New York, and during his term participated in twenty-four engagements, among which were Nashville, Lookout Mount- ain and Pittsburg Landing, where he was severely wounded. Was honor- ably mustered out as Orderly. After his discharge, he traveled through Idaho, Oregon, Wyoming, and other portions of the West. His party consisted of eighteen, Mr. Hauck owning several teams and a large amount of provisions. They were captured by the Sioux Indians, and detained eight months. He received an ugly arrow wound on the hand,, and a severe scalp wound from a tomahawk. His weight at the time of capture was 165 pounds, and when released was 105 pounds. For days his sustenance was a small portion of raw buffalo meat. In 1870,. he came to St. Joseph, where he has since been engaged in working at his trade. He married Miss Carrie Christensen, by whom he has four children : John, Christena, Charles, A. S. He is a Druid, and member of the A. O. U. W. JACOB HAUCK, of the firm of Hauck & Bro., millers, is a native of Germany, born June- 10, 1820, in South Germany. When eleven years old he came with his parents to America, and landed at New York. After a short rest they went to Cincinnati, where his family settled. Jacob assisted his father- in the butcher and lard oil manufacturing business until 1844. Hearing" of the prospects offered at the growing city of St. Joseph, he came to- this place in 1852, and formed a partnership with his brother-in-law in the business of manufacturing soap, candles and lard oil. Two years, later, in connection with this business, engaged in packing, which they continued with great success until 1865. In this year he went into the milling business with his brother, George M. Hauck, by opening the: Excelsior Mills, first working on a small scale. With great industry, and giving all their attention to the business, they had an increase every- year. Now having four runs, they are able to turn out one hundred barrels of flour per day. They ship to St. Louis and the States of Kansas, Iowa and Nebraska. He married June 23, 1846, Miss Christine Pinger, at Cincinnati, Ohio. They had eight children, George William,, born April 2, 1847 ; Mary, born August 28, 1849 ; Lydia, born March 8,. 1853, died in January, 1873 ; Emilia, born June 4, 1855 ; John P., born April 6, 1859 j Charles and Wesley, twins, born February 10, 1862,, Wesley died when six months old), and Emma, born July 12, 1864. S. R. HAWLEY. St. Joseph is not deficient in having inventors who have contributed to- the world's machinery implements to facilitate labor, and one who ranks. ST. JOSEPH, 769 imong the first in this class is S. R. Hawley. In the invention of the check rower and corn planter, he has placed before the agriculturists a want long felt. It is simple and durable in its construction, can be operated by one person and it checks and drops the corn with rapid- ity and uniformity. It is adapted for rough ground and triangular fields, a feature that has always been a drawback to other implements in this line. The testimonials Mr. Hawley has received from prominent farm- ers in Illinois, Iowa, Missouri and other states, is prima facie evidence of the satisfaction it gives. Mr. H. was formerly a resident of Illinois, where he patented the check rower and planter, November 19, 1878. DAVID J. HEATON, was born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, December i6th, 1808, and with his parents moved to Butler County, Ohio. When ten years of age he lost his mother by death, and was then apprenticed to learn the cabinet trade in Maysville, Kentucky, and served seven years. After working for five years in different places, he located in Ripley, Ohio, and remained three years. He married Emily Donovan, of Augusta, Ken- tucky, July 31, 1832. They had seven children, three of whom are living: Mary Ann, Augusta C, and Elizabeth H. In the fall of 1834, Mr. H'.. went to Mississippi, and remained there until the spring of 1845, at which time he came to this city, and started a cabinet shop. St. Joseph at that time contained about three hundred inhabitants. He com- menced here very poor, but immediately started a good business, but by the signing of a sheriff's bond had $3,000 to pay. In 1857, he lost a warehouse by fire, losing $6,000. He kept at work enlarging his busi- ness and was very successful. He was the first undertaker in the city,, and continued in the business until 1881, when he sold out to his son,. David E. He was the first City Marshal, and in 1858 and 1859 was elected City Councilman from the Third Ward, and was chairman of that body. In '1876, he commenced keeping a boarding-house, and in 1877 he built additions to his house, and opened the Heaton House, on. Sixth Street, now the St. James. Mr. Heaton has always been a Demo- crat, but when the rebellion broke out he was a strong Union man and assisted in every way to do his duty as a loyal citizen. He has been a member of the Methodist Episcopal Church since 1839. I" 1849, his wife died, and in 185 1 he married Miss Lucinda King, of Boone County,. Missouri. They had five children, four of whom are living: Laura, David E., Bell and Melsonia. EDWIN HEDENBER, carpenter and builder, was born in Jacksonville, Illinois, July 5, 1840,. and was reared, educated and learned his trade in that city, there reside ,770 BIOGRAPHICAL. ing until 1870. In September, 1862, he enlisted in Company K, Orte Hundred and First Illinois infantry, and participated at the sieges of Vicksburg and Atlanta, and many other stirring events. He was honorably discharged May 25, 1865. In 1870, emigrated to Salina, Kan- sas, and engaged in building until 1880, when he became a resident of St. Joseph. As a mechanic he has few competitors. He was married December 24, 1869, to Miss Annie T. Underwood, of Ohio. They have a family of six children living, Walter E., Annie C, Mary L., Reuben C, Ellen E. and Milton D. Lost one, Charles U. J. C. HEDENBERG, attorney at law and abstractor, is a native of Illinois, and was born in 1843 ; received limited school advantages up to the age of fourteen, and then commence4 working on a farm, where he resided until 1863, at which time he went into the army. He was Orderly Sergeant, and was detailed in the Commissary Department for two 1 years. Came to St. Joseph in January, 1866, and read law under Parker & Strong, and was admitted to the bar in December, 1869, and has been a successful prac- titioner for many years. He is a member of the I. O. O. F, and was mar- ried, in 1871, to Miss Mary S. Reeves, a native of Pennsylvania. By this union they had two children. Mr. Hedenberg has been in the abstract business since 1869. He has a complete and thorough abstract of titles for the County of Buchanan, and is the oldest abstractor in the county now in business. He is a thorough going, active, energetic man, having secured his present condition in life by industry, economy and strict attention to business. WILLIAM I. HEDDENS, M. D., ■was born in Preble County, Ohio, February 14, 1828. His father was a Tennsylvanian, and his mother from South Carolina. He.received his lite- rary education in Cincinnati, Ohio, after which he prepared himself for the profession of medicine at Jefferson Medical College, in Philadelphia. Immediately after receiving his diploma. Dr. Heddens began the practice of medicine and surgery in Barboursville, Kentucky, where he remained three years, but desirous of securing a wider field of usefulness, he removed to St. Joseph, Missouri, where he has since continued to practice with satisfactory success, both professionally and financially. He is a member of the Royal Arch Masons and of the I. O. O. F.; also, a member of the International Medical Congress, a permanent member of the American Medical Association ; also, a member of the Medical Associa- tion of the State of Missouri, and has served as Vice President and was President of the Medical Association of Northwest Missouri in 1875 and 1877, and in 1877 President of the St. Joseph Medical Society. His whole ST. JOSEPH. 771 time IS given to his professional studies and practice, and as a citizen and physician is held in high esteem by those who know him best. He has been twice married — first to Miss Katherine Adams, of Barboursville, Kentucky. She died June 6, 1874, leaving six children. He niarried for his second wife Miss Mattie D. Offutt, of Shelbyville, Kentucky. THOMAS HEENAHEN, policeman, was born in County Mayo, Ireland, September 22, 1839, ^"^ was there brought up, making it his home until he attained his nine- teenth year, when he came to the United States. In 1859, he came to St. Joseph, and during his sojourn here, has been in numerous pursuits, for a number of years was engaged in boating on the river, and since 1878, he has been on the police force, and ranks as one of the best guardians of the peace in the city. He was married in Ireland to Miss Bridget Knight. They have had eight children, four of whom are living, Margaret, Bridget, Catherine and Thomas. Lost four, Mary Ann, Mary, John and Thomas. J. B. HEIN was born September 7th, 1820, at Girzhagen, Prussia, where he was reared. In 1832, his father moved to Oettershagen and bought a farm, J. B. assisting him with its cultivation. May 9th, 1849, he emigrated to America, landing at New Orleans, and from there went to St. Louis, where, for nine yearshe was engaged at different occupations. In 1858, he came to Jefferson City, Missouri, and for three years he and his wife had charge of the residence of Governor Robert M. Stewart. Hearing of the favorable reports of the good prospects of St. Joseph, he came here in May, 1861, and commenced work as a carpenter. In 1862, he enlisted in the Missouri militia and was detailed for hospital duty ; first, at the military hospital, in the Allen House, on Fourth Street, St. Joseph, and afterwards transferred to the general hospital at Jefferson City. In 1865, he returned to this city and was employed for over ten years on the Missouri Valley Railroad, now known as the Kansas City, St. Joseph and Council Bluffs. He was married at St. Louis, August 24th, 1856, to Miss Anna Geek. JAMES HERSON, of the St. James Hotel, was born at Cincinnati, Ohio, March 31st, 1852, and came to Daviess County, Missouri, in 1855, and to St. Joseph in 1864. He received a good education in Dr. Huffaker's seminary, in Gallatin, Missouri, and commenced his eventful career as a hotel keeper while very young, occupying every position, from a waiter boy to an accom- plished landlord. He became a favorite of the railroad officials and the 772 BIOGRAPHICAL. traveling public as the keeper of the Kansas Pacific dining hall at Law- rence, Kansas, and at Hago, Colorado, where he remained for several years. He also was the popular clerk at the Otis House, at Atchison, Kansas. ■ In all these positions he gained hosts of friends by his kind and affable manners and uniform courtesy to all. He conducted a res- taurant in this city for two years. At the Exposition of 1880, in this city, he managed the main dining hall, which he conducted with marked success, giving general satisfaction. In October, 1880, he leased the old Heaton House, on Sixth Street and changed its name to the St. James, and has opened a house which is a credit to St. Joseph and its worthy proprietor. He married Miss Mary E. Fuller, in Atchison, Kan- sas, Nov. 28th, 1877. They have two children : Maud and James. LOUIS HERWIG was born in Germany in 1850, and emigrated to America in 1867, land- ing at New York. He came direct to St. Joseph. Had a good common school education ; was married., June 6, 1868, to Miss Rosa Zillas, a native of Germany, and by this union they have two children. He is a member of the Mannaerchor, and German benevolent societies. M. E. HERBERT, of the firm of M. E. Herbert & Co., was born in Chicago, Illinois, August 15, 1 85 1, and there was educated, raised to manhood and learned the trade of plumbing and gas fitting. He came to St. Joseph in Jan- uary, 1880, engaging in trade on Market Square. His business soon increased to such an extent that he was obliged to remove to the comr modious store he now occupies, which is well filled with a line of gas fixtures, lamps, etc., that will compare favorably with any in this vicin- ity. His trade extends into Kansas, Nebraska and Iowa. He is one of the most thoroughly skilled gas fitters and plumbers in the West. IGNATIUS HERBERT, carriage trimmer, was born November 11, 1841, at Fladungen, Bavaria, South Germany, where he was raised. In the spring of 1854, his'family emigrated to America, and settled in Utica, New York, where they resided six months. September i, 1854, they came to St. Joseph and located. Here Herbert served his apprenticeship with Alexander Doeff. In 1861, upon the outbreak of the war, he enlisted in the First Nebraska Infantry, and served three year's. In 1864, after being honorably dis- charged, he returned to St. Joseph and followed his trade, and in 1876, he opened the Herbert House, which he carried on successfully, and rented it in order to give his whole attention to his business as carriage ST. JOSEPH. 773 trimmer. Was married, June ii, 1865, to Miss Clara P.Walter. She died August 19, 1880, leaving one child, Flora Matilda, born September I, 1866. GEORGE HERBST, contractor and builder, was born in Baden, Germany, September 6, 1825, and was there raised and learned his trade. He came to the United States in 1853, his father, Matthias, locating with the family in St. Jos- eph, where he was a constant resident. Our subject engaged in working at his trade, and to-day in St. Joseph there are many specimens of his skill, among which are the St. Joseph and New Ulm breweries, the can- ning factory, and others. In 1873, he met with a severe loss. He con- structed the Exposition building, and as it neared completion, a cyclone demolished the entire structure. It crippled his finances to an alarming extent, but with an energy characteristic of a German, soon recovered his losses. He was married in Dubuque, Iowa, to Miss Tris Walden- spul. They have two children, Anson and Herman, a promising young man, and a carpenter. JOSEPH HERMANN. brick manufacturer, was born in Baden, Germany, March 10, 1842, and in 1857. came to America with his parents, the family taking up their abode in St. Joseph, where our subject has since been a constant resident, with the exception of a few years spent in the far West. He here learned the brick making trade, which he has given his entire attention. He has been closely identified with the building interests of the city, furnishing the brick for many of its substantial structures. In this important branch of industry, he is numbered among the largest manufacturers in the northwest. He was married in 1867, to Mary Weidberger. By this union they have three children, Emma, Phena and Eliza. He is a member of the German Benevolent Society. J. F. HESCHONG, book binder and paper hanger, has been a resident of Buchanan County for twenty-four years, and was born June 4, 1825, at Zweibrucken, Rhein- flake, South Germany. There he was raised, and learned the trade of book binding. In 1847, he opened his business, which he carried on suc- cessfully until 1849, when the revolution broke out. Having nourished for a long time liberal ideas, he joined the Republican party and took an active part in their fights and struggles. When his party was conquered, his property was confiscated, and he had to leave his birth-place. He went to Strasburg, France, where he was employed for about one year ; then eniigrated to America, and arrived in 1850 at New Orleans, and 774 BIOGRAPHICAL. after a short time went to Cincinnati, Ohio. There he remained for two years ; and having accumulated a fair fortune, came to Hannibal, Mis- souri, where he opened his business, and continued it for five years. In 185.7, he came to St. Joseph and opened immediately after his arrival a book bindery and paper hanging establishment, which he carried on, aided by his two sons, with great success. He was married in 185 1, to Miss Katharina Kiefer, who died six months after. In 1852, he married Miss Augusta Sauppe. They have four children — John Friedrich, born August 2, 1856; was married to Miss Ottilie Neuendorfer, and settled in Peoria, Illinois; Gustav Adolph, born October 6, i860; Emma Louise, born November 23, 1862; Wilhelm August, born December 6, 1864. HESSE & WICKENHGEFER, manufacturers of carriages, buggies and spring wagons. This firm established their trade in the spring of 1881. They are both accom- plished workmen, and in first-class work and general repairing, promise in the future to rival the older establishments. Fred. Hesse is a native of Saxony, Germany, and was born October 30, 1840; was reared and learned his trade in his native country, and came to the United States in 1868, locating in St. Joseph. For a number of years he was in the employ of Conrad Tanner. In 1877, erected the shop now occuped by John Haflinger. His wife was formerly Miss Mary Brombecker. They have two children, Minna and Hprrman. He is a member of the I. 0. O. F. Encampment, and Foresters. Jacob Wickenhoefer wa3 born in Hessen, Germany, March 25, 1855, and came to the United States in 1 87 1, locating in Farmington, Iowa, where he learned the wagon making trade. After this he worked in different points in Iowa, Illinois and Missouri, coming to St. Jt)seph in the spring of 1877. Until 1881 he was in the employ of William Pape. Mr. W. is one of the accomplished workmen and popular young men of this city ; is a member of the Turner Rifles. JOHN HILL, of the firm of W. W. Scott & Co., roofers, was born in DeKalb, Buchanan County, Missouri, August 25, 1852. His father, Thomas Hill, was a farmer, and in 1865 went to Montana, engaging in stock raising. John accompanied him, and returned during the autumn of 1867. In 1874, he again went there, remaining three years, and later visited the western country, spending a few years in Texas and the Cherokee country. In the spring of 1881 he formed a partnership with Mr. Scott. He is a Mason and an Odd Fellow. F. HENS HAW, of Henshaw & Co.'s carriage repository, is an early settler of Buchanan County, and has contributed much to St. Joseph's enterprises. Is a ST. JOSEPH. 775 native of Prussia, Germany, and was born March 25, [826. In 1845, he came to the United States. After a short sojourn in New Orleans he removed to St. Louis, where he resided for a time, engaged in the jew- elry trade, and in 1849, came to St. Joseph. For a number of years he Worked on the river between St. Joseph and Omaha, in the capacity of steward, after which, for seventeen years, he was employed in keeping the eating house at the Hannibal & St. Joseph Railway depot. Was at Cameron in the same capacity for some time. Few men of St. Joseph were more closely identified with the early steamboat trade than Mr. Henshaw, or of latter years as a business man. In 1880, he engaged in his present business. Is a member of the Masonic fraternity and a Knight Templar. WILLIAM HINDENNACH. the premium boot and shoe man, was born in Wurtemberg, Germany, September 3rd, 1840, and received instructions in his trade at London and Paris. In 1872, he came to the United States and located at once in St. Joseph, in a short time establishing himself in his trade, which has been very successful. In 1877, he married Rosa Craps. They have one daughter, Hellaman. Mr. H. well merits the title of the " Premium," as can be shown by the number of diplomas and silver medals which he has received for the finest workmanship on boots, shoes, etc. Such work- men as he are few and far between. GEORGE T. HOAGLAND, retired banker, etc., is a native of Elizabethtown, New Jersey, and was born February, 7, 18 14. His father, Cornelius H. Hoagland, was an old resident of that state, and died in 1832. His mother, formerly Catharine Brown, died in 1880. The subject of this sketch came West in 1837. In 1838, he located .in Boonville, Missouri, and opened the first lumber yard at that point, remaining until 1852, when he located in St. Joseph, opening a yard on the corner of Fourth and Edmond Streets. He also opened the first regular yards in pine and domestic lumber, at Council Bluffs and Omaha, the latter, his son, G. A., now operates. He also opened a yard a:t Hannibal, and afterwards became one of the organizers and is now President of the Badger State Lumber Company, their whole- sale point being Hannibal, and their mills are located on the Chippewa River, Wisconsin. In that state they own extensive tracts of pine lands. For a number of years Mr. H. was President of the Buchanan County Bank, and he has been a member of the City Council, and has been closely identified in all matters pertaining to the city's interest. Owing to failing health, of late years, he has been obliged to retire from active business. Religiously Mr. Hoagland's sympathies are with the Metho- 776 BIOGRAPHICAL. ■dists, and in that cause has been an active worker, and also a local min- ister of that denomination. He was originally a Presbyterian,, having "been united to that faith in 1832. To him much credit is due for estab- lishing the Presbyterian Church at Boonville, of which he was an elder ■for several years. He was married in February, 1842, at Elizabethtown, ISie.w Jersey, to Miss Nannie Gale, of Haverhill, Massachusetts. She is ;an estimable lady. They have had three children, George A., Theodore B., and Emeline B., wife of Benjamin R. Vineyard, one of St. Joseph's .attorneys. JOHN A. HORN, was born in Germany, November 25, 1808, and emigrated to America in 1835, locating at Baltimore, Maryland, thence to Wheeling, Virginia, Cincinnati, Ohio, St. Louis, Missouri, and in 1847, located permanently at St. Joseph, where he has resided ever since. He was married to Louisa Hornung in 1841. She was born August 18, 1826, in Germany. They had five children, Louis, born November 26, 1843; John, born March 23, 1845 ; August, born September 18, 1853 ; Bettie, born June 15, 1856 ; and Charles, born August 20, 1864. All the children are living. In early life Mr. Horn learned the trade of a baker, and afterwards became a farmer. In 1856, he was shot through the head by a colored man, but fortunately nothing serious resulted therefrom. The bullet ■entered in front of the left ear, ranging upward, passing out between the upper portion of the right ear and temple. The assassin, whether a colored man in reality or imitation, was in pursuit of money, but -owing to the report, became frightened and made a hasty retreat with- out securing anything of value. Mr. Horn lost considerable property by the late war. He is a member of the German Lutheran Church. WILLIAM E. HOSEA, of the firm ol Tootle, Hosea & Co., St. Joseph, one of the largest dry goods jobbing "houses in the West, was born in Sussex County, Dela- ware, April 26, 1846. He was the youngest of a family of ten children. His father, John Hosea, was a farmer. He died in 1852. His mother's maiden name was Nancy T. Jefferson. Young William was raised on his father's farm, from which he attended school in the winter season. In 1862, he, determined to seek a wider field for the development of his energies, and starting West, he settled in St. Joseph, Missouri. He first secured a position as porter in the house of Tootle & Fairleigh at a small salary, which was increased from year to year till, by the year 1867, he had rendered his services of sufficient value to secure an inter- est in the business. He was the first salesman from St. Joseph to go out upon the road with samples of dry goods. He continued, for five years, ST. JOSEPH. 'JTJ to fill the position of traveling salesman, meeting during that period with excellent success. January i, 1877, the firm name was changed to Tootle, Hosea & Co. Since that time he has devoted his attention -entirely to the management of the business and making purchases for the house. In 1873, he married Miss Jennie Smith, daughter of the late George Smith, one of St. Joseph's early, as well as most reputable mer- chants. They have a family of five children living, Jeannie N., William Edwin, George Smith, Lenora and Katie B. One daughter, Edna May, died in infancy. Mr. Hosea, in his success in life, is a living evidence of what pluck and perseverance, coupled with sterling integrity, may accomplish. J. B. HOWEL, grocer, among the first settlers of the Platte Purchase, and a man who has figured conspicuously in the pioneer days in Northwestern Missouri, is our subject. He is a native of Washington County, Kentucky, and was born December 1st, 1816. At an early age he removed to Indiana with his parents, and afterwards to Illinois. His father, Benjamin, died when J. B. was quite young. The latter subsequently returned to Indi- ana, and in 1839, came to Missouri, locating in what was known as Jim- town, Andrew County, five miles northeast of the present site of St. Joseph. Here he engaged in the furniture trade, continuing until the autumn of 1841, when he removed to Savannah, where he was interested in trade for a number of years, and at times was engaged in agricultural pursuits. In September, 1867, he established himself in trade in St. Joseph. For forty-two years Mr. Howel watched the development of the Platte Purchase, and to that development he has contributed amply, and few residents at the present day are more widely known. He is a gentleman, unassuming in his demeanor, and popular with the masses. In 1850, he went to California by the overland route, and was gone about a year. Was married in 1 848, to Miss Elizabeth Carroll, of Ken- tucky. They had two children, one of whom is living, Benson A. Prince Edward is deceased. Dr; JOHN BLACK HOWARD was born in Elizabethtown, Hardin County, Kentucky, on the i6th day of December, 18 19. His parents, John H. Howard and Sarah Mafrifield, were most excellent persons, but very poor. His father died when he was but eight years old, leaving his family, consisting of a (vife and eight children in very destitute circumstances. He was fortunate enough to be able to attend a seminary for a short time, and became so well versed in the rudiments of English that he afterwards taught schools, successfmlly, in the' same neighborhood and also in Washington County. 46 778 BIOGRAPHICAL, When twenty-three years of age he began the study of medicine in Elizabethtown, Kentucky, and continued his studies four years and nine months before he commenced the practice. He was wholly without means and had to struggle hard to make a living for himself and his mother's family. A young friend of his, Mr. E. H. Haycraft, a young apothecary, having determined to come to the then promising town of St. Joseph, he concluded to accompany him. His business flourished and he prospered. His advice and prescriptions became so popular that he was compelled to resort to the practice of his profession, and very soon he had a large and lucrative practice, and, in 185 1, notwithstand- ing his immersion in the mysteries and labors of his profession, he felt a restlessness and disquietude which he could not cast off, and for which he could not account. A fair girl, a Miss Herndon, had recently come to St. Joseph, and the Doctor was accidentally thrown into her associa- tion. He found her image constantly rising upon his mental vision wherever he might be, and he could only be satisfied when in her pres- ence. He had been so platonic and reserved in ladies' society thereto- fore that no one suspected that he could ever have awakened in his bosom a tender sentiment, but that cunning little god, who takes delight in discharging his arrows everywhere, saw fit to shoot one straight into the Doctor's heart, and, like all others who receive the fatal shaft, he had to succumb, and the consequence was he married Miss Sarah Herndon, of Richmond, Kentucky, April loth, 185 1. They have five children liv- ing : Kate R., Martha, Ann M., Dixie and Leo P. JAMES HOY, of the firm of James Hoy & Son, ice dealers, was born in County Louth, Ireland, and came to America with his parents when seven years of age, locating in Maryland, and was there raised to manhood, and educated, and came west in 1855, locating at Sioux City, Iowa, where he resided a few years. He owned one-half the land, and assisted in laying out the town of Covington, Nebiaska, and in 1858 came to St. Joseph. For a number of years he was engaged in trade, and for two years has con- fined his attention to the ice business. In 1861, he was married to Miss Ann Shea. By this union they have had eleven children, five of whom are living : James H, John, Annie, Will and Kate ; lost six : Ellen, Peter, Michael, Rose, Richard and Joseph. CHRISTIAN A. HUBACHER, manager of the Eagle Milling Company, was born in 1843, ^t Fraubran- nen. Canton Bern, Switzerland, and when six years old, came with his . mother to the United States. They arrived at New Orleans, and went to St. Louis, remaining for six months. From there Christian came to St. ST. JOSEPH. 779 ■Joseph, in 1849, where, after having received his education, he was employed in a bakery and grocery until 1863. Having had the desire to see the Far West, he went to Montana, where he opened a store, which he kept with great success for three years and a half In 1866, he returned to St. Joseph^ and was in the employ of Hartwig & Brother until 1873, when a partnership was formed with C. N. Mayer, in the boot and shoe business. From this Mr. H. retired in October, 1873. In June, 1874, he became business manager of the Eagle Milling Company, which responsible position he still holds. The company are able to turn out one hundred barrels of flour daily. Was married May 3, 1869, to Miss Hannah L. Schmidt. They have five children — Theodore Rudolph, born May S, 1870; Charles Edwin, born July 6, 1872; Albert Wilhelm, born November 14, 1875 ; Eda Fredericka, born January 6, 1878 ; Clara, born April 19, 1880. DR. CLARENCE G. HUBBELL was born in Clay County, Missouri, December 13, 1845, and was raised a farmer, receiving a common school education in youth, which he sup- plemented by a three years' course at Bethany College, Virginia, mak- ing choice of the practice of medicine as a profession, and attended lectures at the St. Louis Medical College, from which he was graduated. At Columbus, Boone County, Missouri, in 1868, he commenced the active duties of his profession, and continued his residence there until 1877, when he came to St. Joseph. For several years he has given a great deal of attention to the study of the eye and ear, and he has become very sjiccessful in their treatment. The Doctor is connected with the College of Physicians ;and Surgeons, and is Professor of Chemistry, and also lec- turer on the eye and ear; is a member of the Northwestern Medical Soci- • ety, and while living in Boone County was one of the organizers of the Boone County Medical Society. Miss Marian Russell, daughter of Col. F. T. Russell, an able attorney of Columbia, is his wife. They have one daughter, Carrie. DANIEL J. HUBBARD, farmer. Section 27, post office St. Joseph, was born in Virginia, Novem- ber 7, 1822, and had a very limited education. He emigrated to Mis- souri, in 1847, locating in Buchanan County, and has followed farming all his life. Was married December 5, 1861, to Miss Mary E. Adams. She was born in Caldwell County, Missouri, March 8, 1844. By this union, they had four children. Smith, born October 16, 1863, died August I, 1865-; William, born July 17, 1865 ; Katie, born November 17, 1868, and Mattie, born April 4, 1871. By his own assiduity, he has saved 160 acres of land, mostly under fence, with a good house and barn, and in a 78b BIOGRAPHICAL. good state of cultivation, with ten acres of orchard, and three and one half acres of vineyard. He also has valuable property in St. Joseph. He has been school director for several years. LOUIS HUGGINS, of F. L. Sommer & Co., is a native of Kentucky, and was born February I, 1843, and is the son of James and Mary Huggins, pioneers of that state. When Louis was in his fifteenth year, the family removed to St. Joseph, where he was raised to manhood and educated. It may be said that since he came to this city, he has been constantly identified with the business circles, as for a number of years he clerked in different houseSj and was also engaged in the notion trade. In 1874, he embarked in the soap manufacturing business, in which he continued until 1877, when he became one of the firm of F. L. Sommer & Co., cracker manufacturers. W. A. HUNTER, of the Vulcan Iron Works, was born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, June 6, 1837, and was raised to manhood, educated and learned his trade in that city. Upon immigrating west, he located at Jacksonville, Illinois, pursuing his trade for five years. In 1880, he came to St. Joseph. His specialty is in making steam boilers, oil and water tanks, bank and jail vaults, etc. He is an accommodating gentleman, and is doing a lucrative business. H. H. HUGHES, General Agent for the St. Joseph and DesMoines Railroad, one of the popular railroad agents in St. Joseph, and one who is deserving of more than a passing notice, is the subject of this sketch. He was born in Plymouth, Devonshire, England, January 7, 1841, and there received his education and spent his boyhood days. At the age of eighteen, he became cashier in the Law and Fire Insurance Company of London. The duties of this important position he discharged creditably to him- self and the satisfaction of his employers for ten years. At the same desk worked Mr. Charles Cushman, brother of Charlotte Cushman, America's favorite actress. The lineage of the Hughes family is traced back to the Norman conquest, as per De Brito Baronetage. His father, William, was a barrister, and a son of the Rev. Sir Robert Hughes, bar- onet. In the spring of 1869, Mr. Hughes came to the United States, tak- ing up his abode in St. Joseph, and for five years was with George Olds, the General Freight Agent for the Kansas City, St. Joseph & Council Bluffs Railroad. On the ist of November, 1878, he accepted his present position. Few men in railroad circles stand higher or have a larger circle of appreciative acquaintances than Mr. Hughes. He has been ST. JOSEPH. 781 twice married. First to Miss Elizabeth Howell, daughter of Rev, H. Howell, an Episcopalian minister of Hampshire, England. By this union he "had one daughter, Beatrice. Mrs. Hughes died in her native country. His present wife was formerly Miss P. H. Wilson, of London, England, whom he married in 1869. A. L. HUNT, the Market Square painter, is a native of Platte County, Missouri, and was born February 19, 1847 ; was there raised and educated, learning his trade principally in Kansas City. In 1875, he took up his abode in St. Joseph, and worked as journeyman until 1878. For a time he con- ducted business in Platte City. In 1878, he engaged in trade. He mar- ried, in 1 87 1, Miss Clara Wardtfager, They have a family of five child- ren •.'Minnie, James, Emma, Jennie and an infant. He is a member of the I. 0. O. F. and the Foresters. JAMES HUNTER ' is a native of New York and an old bachelor, consequently never tells his age. He had a fair education, and emigrated to St. Joseph in 1857. In early life was raised on a farm, and at the age of twenty-three read law under S. A. Goodwin, of the firm of Larned & Goodwin, of Chicago, Illinois, and was admitted to the bar. In i860, he was appointed Justice of the Peace by the County Court. He enlisted in company A, Twenty- fifth Missouri Regiment, under Colonel Severance. Was elected captain and served one year as captain of company A, then promoted to major, after which he was on detached duty on General Hall's staff. In 1864, he was elected City Attorney at St. Joseph ; served one term and was re-elected, and continued until the Legislature abolished the office. In 1869, he was commissioned postmaster. In 1871, commenced the prac- tice of law with C. A. Mosman, but his health failed and he abandoned the profession. Mr. Hunter, in connection with James T. Beach, Wm; Fowler, Jr. and Judge Lock, were first to organize an anti-slavery organ- ization in Missouri and the Northwest. HUGH M. HUTCHISON, carpenter and builder, was born in Fairfax County, Virginia, August 2, 1848, and when thirteen years of age emigrated to Wisconsin with his fJarents, . his father, John Wesley, locating in Fond du Lac County, where he engaged in agricultural pursuits. , Hugh was here educated and learned his trade; his early days were spent in tilling the soil. In 1868, he came to St. Joseph, and has since pursued his trade. In March, 1870, he married Miss Melissa Lewis. They have four children, John Wesley, James William, Theodore and Alice. 782 BIOGRAPHICAL. SAMUEL HUTTON, proprietor of the Hutton House, is a native of Illinois, and was bo^n in Sangamon County, March 13, 1824. When twelve years of age he removed with his parents to Henry County, Iowa, where his father, Samuel, Sr., engaged in agricultural pursuits, and the subject was there reared and educated. After attaining his majority, he opened a farm in Henry County, comprising a section, and was identified with the inter- ests of the leading agriculturists of that county. After leaving the farm, he built and opened the Wiggins House, at Mt. Pleasant, Iowa. In 1866, Mr. H. came to St. Joseph, engaging in the lightning rod and pump busi- ness, in which he continued until his embarkation in hotel keeping. In 1850, he married Miss Rebecca J. Cole, an estimable lady. They have had nine children by this union, five of whom — Allie, wife of Dr. O. B. Estes, Cora, Belle, Clara and Marry — comprise an interesting fam- ily. They lost four — William, Sylvis, George and John. The Hutton House was erected in the spring of 188 1, and is a substantial three-story brick, containing forty rooms, well ventilated, lighted and complete in all their appointments. The furnishings are new and first-class. A. C. HYDE, farmer and stock raiser. Section 32, post office St. Joseph, was born Jan- uary II, 1819, in Bath County, Kentucky. His father was a native of the Green Mountain State, and his mother of Massachusetts, and both were among the pioneers of Kentucky. A. C. was taken to Greenock County when quite young, and lived on a farm and received a limited education in the schools of that vicinity. He emigrated West in the fall of 1840, and settled in this county, upon the claim where he now resides. He may truly be called one of the pioneers of Buchanan County, for the settlers were few and far between. They built cabins and improved their farms, facing many privations and hardships, and it is to such sturdy pioneers as Mr. Hyde, that the rising, generation are largely indebted for the present growth and prosperity of the county. He has never been an office-seeker, but has always preferred the quiet of his legitimate business. During the war he displayed his patriotism by shouldering his musket and going to the front, to defend the lives and property of the citizens. He belonged to the famous Pawpaw militia, and served some six months. His landed estate consists of 456 acres of fine farming land, and is well adapted to stock. He has been twice married, first in 1845, to Miss Elizabeth Whitlock, a native of Clay County, Missouri. She died in 1846, and he was again married to Miss T. Cure, a native of New York State. They have had a family of nine children, J. L., Eliza J. Mrs. H. S. Martin, of Augusta, and Mrs. ST. JOSEPH. 783 George W. Conner, William, James, Cassia, Charles and Calvin. He is a member of the Masonic fraternity, of King Hill Lodge No. 376, and has been six times elected Master of the lodge. JOSEPH H. IGLER, was born in Germany, Jan. 17, 1846, where he was raised to manhood and educated. In 1866, he crossed the ocean and took up his abode in Norfolk, Virginia, where he remained until 1870, when he came to St. Joseph. The trade of boot and shoe making he learned in his native country, and for a number of years he was connected with Messrs. Morgan & Fink, and latterly with F. Wenz. In the spring of 188 1, the ;St. Joseph Boot and Shoe Company was established, of which he is a member. The company comprises Mr. Igler, F. Wenz and Christian Frenger. This enterprise is in its infancy, but under the auspices of the above parties, it is designed to figure prominently in the future whole- ■sale interests of St. Joseph. Mr. Igler is thoroughly schooled in his profession. In 1 876, Miss Mary Keshel became his wife. Their union jias been blessed by two children, Ida and Fannie, He fs a member of .the I. 0. O. F. T. J. IMEL, •carpenter and builder, is a native of Richmond, Wayne County, Indiana, and was born December 7, 1849. His father, William, was a millwright by trade, and when our subject was in his fourth year, the family migrated to Knox County, Illinois, where he resided until August, 1862, when he tendered his services to the Union cause, and became drummer boy in the Seventy-second Illinois Volunteer Infantry, and passed through all of Grant's campaigns on the lower Mississippi, being honor- ably mustered out in August, 1865. After the war, he returned to Knox County, Illinois, and commenced to learn his trade. In 1866, went to Franklin County, Kansas, where he resided two years, and, in 1868, ' ■enlisted, at lola, in Company C, Nineteenth Kansas Vol. Infantry, served ■eight months in the Southwest, and, after his discharge, he returned to Coffey County, Kansas, where he pursued his trade for a time. He also resided temporarily in Texas, Colorado, and other portions of the West, and for two years lived in Wichita, Kansas. After a sojourn in Illinois, he returned to Missouri in 1875, locating in DeKalb County, near Stew- artsville, where he pursued his vocation three years. Thence to Noda- way County, and in January, 188 1, came to St. Joseph. He is a skilled workman, and has had a varied experience in mechanism. In 1877, Miss Maggie E. Bradbury, of Illinois, became his wife. AMER JACKSON, farmer and stock raiser, Section 3, postoffice Saxton, was born August 28, 1843, in Surry Couqty, North Carolina^ and was reared there until 7^4 BIOGRAPHICAL. twelve years of age, spending his boyhood days on a farm. Came west with his parents in 1855, ^nd settled in Buchanan County, where he remained up to 1864, when he engaged ih freighting to Colorado. This he continued until again engaging in farming. In 1870, he commenced the mercantile business at Saxton, and also held the position of post- master. His was the first permanent store kept in the place. In July, 1880, he turned his attention to farming and stock raising, and owns 160 acres of land, well stocked and improved. lie has filled the posi- tion of school director and road overseer several terms. During the late war he served for six months in- the famous Pawpaw militia, assist- ing in defending the lives and property of the citizens. Was married, July 8, 1867, to Miss Mary E. Jackson, a native of Missouri. They have seven children living: Louisa E., Jacob, Robert Lee, Alexander, Susan v., Nellie M, Alfred and Arthur B. They lost one. Himself and wife are members of the Methodist Episcopal Church South, in which he holds the office of trustee, Is also a member of the Masonic chapter at Saxton. SEYMOUR JENKINS was born in Cincinnati, Ohio, in October, 1826, and emigrated to St Jbseph in 1856. He engaged in brick making and followed the business of a mason, and has always ranked among the' best of his trade in the city. In 1 87 1, he was elected member of the City Council, and his record as an official, for ten years, is without a stain. He was married in April, 1854, to Miss Frances Groves, of Delaware County, New York.. They have three children, Albert E., Alice H. and Cora A. JOHN M. JOHNSTON, engineer, with F. L. Sommer & Co., was born in the Lowlands of Scot- land, October 10, 1840, and was. there reared to manhood, educated and learned his trade. In 1866, John came to the United States, and took up his abode in St. Joseph. During his residence here has been in the employ of John Burnside, J. W. Ambrose and K. C, St. J. & C. B. R. R. Co. He is a close observer in mechanism, and keeps pace with the progress of the scientific world. He married in Scotland, Miss Agnes - Welch. They have a family of three children — James, Mary and. David. Mr. Johnston is a Master Mason. JOHN W. JOHNSON is the efficient Secretary and Treasurer of the St. Joseph Steam Print- ing Company, and was born in Highland County, Ohio, March 9, 1843. He received his education in his native place, and was reared with a ST. JOSEPH. 785 mercantile experience. He commenced as a clerk in his father's store, and after arriving at manhood, engaged in business on his own account. In September, 1869, he decided to avail himself of the wider 'field of the West for his operations and selected St. Joseph and formed a partner- ship with Captain F. M. Posegate, under the firm title of Posegate & Johnson. After a short time he sold his interest and engaged in the mercantile business at Lathrop, Clinton County, Missouri, with satis- factory results. He sold out his business here during the year, and once more returned to St. Joseph and assisted in organizing the St. Joseph Steam Printing Company, and has been its Secretary and Treasurer from its organization, a fact that is very complimentary to him for the manner in which he has discharged his duties. He has been twice married, first in September, 1863, to Miss Annie M. McClure, of Ohio. She died in 1868, leaving one daughter, Sallie. His second marriage occurred in 1871, to Miss Annie E. Milner, a native of Highland County^ Ohio. Their family, by this union, consists of one son, Ralph. J. B. JOHNSON, of the firm of J. B. Johnson & Son, marble dealers, was born in Tuscarawas- County, Ohio, in 1831, and many of his early days were spent in tilling the soil. He learned his trade at Zanesville., residing there three and a. half years, after which he removed to Indiana, and remained until 1857. He then came to St. Joseph. Johnson & Son deal in American and Italian marble, and one account of their long sojourn iA the county is their first-class workmanship, which have thus secured them a lucrative trade. He was married in 1857, to Miss H. M. Albertson, a native of Orange County, Indiana. They have four children — H. B., J. M., Mollie and B. Mr. Johnson is a Master Mason. W. C. JOHNSON, contractor in plain and ornamental plastering, was born" in Woodford County, Kentucky, November 29, 1832, and was there raised and edu- cated. Learned his trade principally in Louisville, residing there three- years. Lived in Shelbyville several years, and other parts of the state.. In June, 1858, he took up his abode in St. Joseph. He did the work on many of the old landmarks, one of which is the Sixth Street Baptist Church, and on a host of the fine structures, more modern, among which are the Hax and Michau buildings. Was married in Shelbyville,. Kentucky, December 23, 1857, to Miss Hattie Boland. They had five children by this union, three of whom are living: John B., Maggie and Clarl They lost two, Lula and Albert C. 786 BIOGRAPHICAL. JOHN J. JOHNSON, carpenter and builder, was born in Covington, Kentucky, December 23rd, 1823. At the age of twelve years he removed to St. Louis with his parents, residing there until 1844, when he became a resident of Cincin- nati, Ohio, there learned the trade he now pursues and resided there until he came to St. Joseph, in the spring of 1849. His hammer and saw have done much toward converting the small town he found it, in 1849, to the booming city of 1881. In the years 1858 and '60 the city found 3iim an efficient councilman, he being always on the right side in all ques- tions that would have a tendency in advancing the city. He married January 24th, 1850, Miss Martha Bancroft, a native of Missouri. They Jiave six children by this union : John P., William F., Robert T., Luella, Sydney L. and Georgia. J. K. JOHNSON, farmer and stock raiser, section 35, post-office St. Joseph, was born in Cooper County, Missouri, January 31st, 1824. He has followed farming all his life. Was married February 27th, 1845, to Mary E. Stephens, a native of Kentucky. She was born January 20th, 1823, and they had nine children; Sarah Ellen, born December 15th, 1845, died June, 1848; William D., born February 6th, 1847; Elijah A., born September ist, 1848 ; Mattie A., born September 26th, 1850 ; Mary A., born April 2nd, 1853; Samuel, born January 15th, 1855; Nancy, born December 19th, 1856; John F., born January 12th, i860; Emma B., born June 26th, 1864- Three are married. He has lived in Buchanan County since March 1st, 1845. By industry he has saved 160 acres of land, which is mostly under fence and in good state of cultivation ; has six acres of orchard and two fine never-failing springs. He was a defender of his country by being a member of the Pawpaw militia. He is a member of the old Hard Shell Baptist Church, and has been School Director for years. His father, Samuel Johnson, was born July 18, 1796, and was one of the first Territorial Judges. It was he that proposed and named Andrew County. MARX JUDA, dealer in dry goods, notions and groceries, is one of the leading mer- chants on South Sixth Street. Was born in Prussia, February 26, 1828, and was there raised, educated and resided until 1854, when he came to America, locating temporarily in the East.^ In 1855, he came to Mis- souri, engaging in trade at Richmond, Ray County, and afterwards in Chillicothe. He came to St. Joseph in 1861, and has since stood prom- inent among its business men, and has been in trad? at his present 16ca- ST. JOSEPH. 787 tion for ten years. Mr. Juda has been twice married — first in 1858, to Miss J. Straus, whose death occurred in 1866. In 1867, Miss Hannah Bear became his wife. By this union, they have three children — Millie, Charlie and Lena. He is a charter member of the B'Nai-Brith Society. WINSLOW JUDSON. Among the prominent attorneys of Buchanan County, may be mentioned the subject of this biography. He was born in Ogdensburg, New York, on the 2 1st day of February, 1845. He received good educational advantages in youth, and entered Hamilton College, from which insti- tution he was graduated in 1865. His father. General R. W. Judson, was an attorney of prominence, and the son early formed a preference for the legal profession, and with his father as preceptor, after the most thorough preparation, he entered the Albany Law School, and graduated in 1866. He then came to this city and entered upon the active duties of his profession. His prominent characteristics are energy and perse- verance. As a lawyer he is attentive to his cases, examining the minutest points that may present themselves in the final trial, and as a careful, pains-taking attorney, has an enviable reputation. His social qualities are admirable and his moral character irreproachable. He married Miss Emily Carpenter, of Providence, Rhode Island, November S, 1868. Their family consists of four children. FRANK R. JUDSON, was bom in Ogdensburg, New York, April 20, 1849. Received a good education in the city schools, and in 1865, entered Hamilton College, and received a thorough course. He studied law in his father's office, and graduated at the law school in Albany. Was engaged in the lumber business for some time. Then entered his father's office and practiced law for four years. In 1879, he came to this city and entered the employ of the Kansas City, St. Joseph and Council Bluffs Railroad Company, where he remained for eighteen months. His father was R. W. Judson, a celebrated attorney, and during the late war raised the One Hundred and Forty-second Regiment New York Volunteers, and became its colonel, and for meritorious conduct was breveted brigadier general. GEORGE S. KARNS, farmer and stockraiser, Sec. 32, Postoffice Saxton, was born December 23, 182 1, in Bedford County, Virginia, and was taken to Lee County, Virginia, by his parents when about four years of age, and remained there until twelve years old, spending his boyhood days on the farm, and has made farming his occupation through life. In the fall of 1837, 788 BIOGRAPHICAL. he emmigrated West, and settled in Buchanan County, Missouri. The- Indians were just leaving the Platte Purchase, and he had his full share to contend with. It is to such as he that this county is indebted for the position she now occupies. Mr. Karns took up a claim, and commenced improving a farm. His landed estate consists of i,2Cxd acres of fine land, most of which is improved, and he owns some of the best stock farms in the county. Commencing in life at the bottom round of the ladder, he has worked his own way to the position he now holds. He i-s no office seeker, but always gives his attention to his business, and well merits the esteem in which he is held by his many friends. Octo- ber, 1850, he was married to Miss Matilda Watson', a native of Tippe- canoe County, Indiana. She died in the fall of 1872, leaving a family of nine children : Mary, now Mrs. Williams Yager ; Elizabeth, now Mrs> L. JeiiFers ; Sarah ]., now Mrs. F. Winn ; Pasal W.; Abigal B., now Mrs. Wm. Gilpin ; John N., Carrie, Margaret and Matilda. He is an active member of the M. E. Church. A few of the first sermons preached in. this vicinity were preached in his house. He has always been a strong Union man, and cast his vote for Abraham Lincoln. HERMAN W. KASTOR, editor of the St. Joseph Volksblatt, daily and weekly German newspaper, was born at Bamberg, Bavaria, Germany, October 26, 1838. He studied in college at Bamberg, and came to New York in 1854. Was married May 6, i860, to Miss Theresa Rudolph, of Magdeburg, Prussia. They had nine children, of whom eight are living. Mr. K. was in the Sixth Regiment, N. Y. S. M., when President Lincoln called out the first 75,000 men, and was one of them. He came to Leavenworth Kansas, in 1862. Was Second-Lieutenant of the First Kansas State Militia, and was in active service at Price's raid, etc. In 1864, he was in Kansas City, Missouri; in 1865, at Wyandotte, Kansas, where he edited a weekly German paper called "Die Fackel." This he moved to Atchi- son, Kansas, in 1867. He came to St. Joseph, in 1868, as editor of the Volksblatt, and became, in the same year, one of the proprietors of that paper, in the firm of C. Eichler & Co., and afterwards, when this firm was dissolved, in the firm of H. Briinsing & Co. He has been editor and one the proprietors of the Volksblatt, with the exception of six months; in 1869, ever since he came to St. Joseph, in 1868. His eight children are Benjamin, Louis, Amalia, Ernst, Fredric,, Richard, William and Gertrude. HARRY KEENE, of the firm of H. Keene & Co., manufacturers and bottlers of soda and vinegar. Mr. K. is a native of Bristol, England,, and came to the United ST. JOSEPH. 789 States in 1864. After residing in Chicago for a time, he took up his abode in St. Joseph in 1866. For ten years he was employed on the K. C, St. J. & C. B. R. R., as engineer ; also, for a time, was engaged in the restaurant busines. In 1878, he commenced his present trade, which is the largest of the kind in the Northwest. He is a Mason, belonging to the Royal Arch Chapter and Commandery. His wife was formerly Miss Elizabeth Dunstan. J. H. KEENE is a native of Daviess County, Missouri, and was born April 24th, 1849. There he was raised as a farmer, his father having been one of the early settlers of that county. In 1874, he came to St. Joseph, engaging in the livery business with M. I. Couch, and was afterward of the firm of Ire- land & Keene, and later of Keene & Moore. For a time he was employed in buying horses for the government. He is numbered among the best norse fanciers in the country. He is a member of the Temple of Honor. . KELLER & MERLATT. Identified with the carpenters, builders and first-class mechanics in St. Joseph is the above firm. Mr. Scott Keller was born in Bedford, Bedford Co., Pennsylvania, April nth, 1845, and at an early age removed with his parents to Maryland. There his father, W. V., engaged in farming, and there Scott was raised, educated and learned his trade. In 1862, he enlisted in the Confederate army and passed through many stirring events, under General Stonewall Jackson. He served until the close, then came west and located in Urba'na, Illinois, following his trade for fifteen years. Also for a time was in Chicago. He came to Moberly, Missouri, in 1877, and to St. Joseph, in July, 1880. . In 1868, Miss Annie Myers became his wife. They have three children : Charlie, Willie arid Harry. E. B. Merlatt is the son of George Merlatt, one of the pioneers of this city, and one well known among the early settlers. E. B. was born here, May 2Sth, 1846, and was here raised and educated, and has made it his home, with the exception of twelve years, spent in the south. Mr. Geo. Merlatt has seen the growth of St. Joseph, from its infancy to a large and prosperous city. J. A. KELLEY, contractor for plain and ornamental plastering. A pioneer plasterer who was well and favorably known in this county, was Arthur Kelley^ who took up h'is abode in this city over twenty-two years ago. Here he resided until the time of his demise, November 20, 1877. His son, J. A., was born in Omaha, Nebraska, November 9, 1858, and came to St. 79° BIOGRAPHICAL. Joseph with his parents when six months of age. He was here educated and learned his trade. He is a young man of sterling business qualifi- cations and a skilled workman, has a large trade, riot only in St. Joseph and Missouri, but also in Kansas and Nebraska. SIMEON KEMPER, one of the oldest citizens of Buchanan County, in point ot residence and years, was born in Montgomery County, Kentucky, February S, 1799. He moved to Missouri with his family in 1837, and to what is now St. Joseph in 1840. He made a claim and worked some land which is now a part of the city. In May, 1843, when the land came in market, he entered 160 acres and built a double log house, where he lived for several years. This place he afterwards sold to a Mr. Highly, who called it "Highly Springs." In i860, he built the house that is now the residence of James McCord, Esq. The 160 acres he entered in 1843, has been laid out in lots and mostly improved with residences and busi- ness houses. Mr. Kemper surveyed the city and laid it out in lots, and was the first to fill the office of County Surveyor dfter the organization of the company. He married Miss Jane A. Shortage, of Kentucky, in 1835, and of a family of ten children born to them, only one is left to cheer his declining years. This a son, Charles S., is connected with the firm of John S. Brittain & Co., wholesale dry goods. He married Miss Mary Robertson, of Danville, Kentucky, October 22, 1843, and has a family of four children, James R., Charles S., Simeon, and Mary Lee. Few men have lived in the community as long as Mr. Kemper, and no one has enjoyed in a greater degree the respect, esteem and confidence of the community than this sturdy pioneer, who has now passed his four-score and two years. He has long been an earnest and consistent member of the M. E. Church (south), and his sterling qualities of. mind and heart and his Christian graces will long live in the memories of the citizens of St. Joseph who are favored with his acquaintance. JOHN KENMUIR was born in Lisburn, County Antrim, Ireland, of Scotch-Irish parentage, February 14, 1831. His father, William Kenmuir, was a watchmaker and manufacturing jeweler, and bred his sons to that business. In 1827, W. K. established himself in Ballynahinch, County Down, Ireland. The firm name was Kenmuir & Sons. The reputation of the house was soon estab- lished, and a vast flow of patronage followed. This firm is yet extant, and the venerable William Kenmuir, now (1881) in his eighty-third yeart still continues to give personal attention to the supervision of the concern. John Kenmuir, the subject of this sketch, is one of a family of ST. JOSEPH. 79 r seven children, four of whom were boys, all bred to the trade of watch- making. James Kenmuir, a brother, is a representative watchmaker and jeweler of Kansas City. August 17, 1850, after having served his seven years' apprenticeship, John left his native home for the West. Land- ing in the city of New York, he immediately established himself there as a manufacturing jeweler and watchmaker. His marked ability and strict attention to business soon achieved for him a reputation which commanded for him an immense business. Seized with a desire of visit- ing the West, in 1863, he determined to leave New York, and finally landed in Leavenworth City, Kansas, where he established, on Delaware Street, between Third and Fourth, a retail business in clocks and watches, which at one time amounted* to $80,000 a year. In 1873, he moved to St. Joseph, where he established himself on Felix, between Fifth and Sixth Streets, moving from Leavenworth City to that point his immense stock of goods and fixtures. He also established in St, Joseph the Bell telephone, a full history of which enterprise will be found in the body of this work under its proper head. Mr. Kenmuir sustained serious loss by the unauthorized compromise, on the part of his attorneys, of a law suit in which he was engaged. The effect of this compromise was to temporarily cripple his resources. He is, however, (188 1 j again established in business on Felix Street, three doors above his former stand, where he is rapidly recovering his losses. At every fair and mechanical exposition at which his work has been displayed, his ability has received substantial recognition in the way of diplomas, medals and premiums. At one Kansas State Fair he was presented with a gold medal valued at fifty dollars, and at another a silver pitcher of similar value. Other associations in Canada and New York have recognized and similarly honored his skill. CAPTAIN F. B. KERCHEVAL stands among the first settlers of Buchanan County, and is thoroughly conversant with the first commercial transactions done at Robidoux' Landing. He is a native of Montgomery County, Tennessee, and was born near Nashville, July 9, 18 17, was there brought up, and received his education. John, his father, was a native of Virginia, and settled in Tennessee when a young man, and was extensively engaged in the manufacture of iron, in that state. Our subject came to Missouri in the fore part of 1841, engaging in business at Fredricktown, and in the spring of 1842, came to St. Joseph. Mr. Kercheval brought with him a stock of general merchandise, with the intention of engaging in trade, but abandoned the idea and engaged in farming, a short distance from this place, in Washington Township, and he took an active part in laying out the wagon roads, building school houses, churches, and develop- ,792 BIOGRAPHICAL. ■ments of the township generally. In 1852, he embarked in the hardware business in St. Joseph, continuing until 1856, when he commenced steara- ■boating. At Louisville, Kentucky, he had built the steamer Omaha, which he placed between St. Joseph and Gmaha. In 1857, he built the Hesperian, which was burnt opposite Atchison, a few years later. Cajj- tain Kercheval is an old steamboat man of the Missouri River, he having established the lines between St. Joseph and Omaha, and St. Joseph and Kansas City. After the war broke out, he embarked in the wholesale •grocery trade here. The firm was known as Kercheval & Donovan, and afterwards F. B. Kercheval & Co. In 1864, an enterprise was suc- cessfully carried out by Messrs. Kercheval, Joseph Kinney, J. C. Ogden, Thos. Tootle and Powell & Levy, which eclipsed any previous commer- cial undertaking in St. Joseph. They fitted out forty-six wagons, loaded with general merchandise, and had 220 yoke of oxen, which they drpve through to Virginia City, Montana, and established a wholesale grocery house, the style of the firm being Kercheval, Kenny & Co. In 1865, Mr. -Kercheval withdrew, and established a wholesale grocery house at Helena, Montana, continuing until 1868, when he returned to St. Joseph, and engaged in the milling business, he building 'the Kercheval Flour Mill, and, in connection with this branch, was extensively engaged in grain buying, with which interest he was identified until the memorable crisis of 1873, when he was obliged to succumb to the pressure, and lost heavily. In 1839, ^^ ^^s married to Miss Helen Kay. They have^ by the union, four children : Sarah Ann, wife of Judge A. H. Gambrill, of Alton, Illinois ; Minnie, wife of F. M. Long, Civil Engineer, at Altoni Illinois ; John K., and Fanny, wife of J. H. Thorp. J. K. KERCHEVAL, ■was born in Buchanan County, Missouri, December 15, 1848, and is a son of the veteran pioneer. Captain F. B. Kercheval. J. K. was raised and educated in St. Joseph and received the benefits.of the University of Columbia, Missouri. He was associated with his father in trade in the western country, and later in this city. He is a young business man and one of St. Joseph's popular citizens. He was married on the 14th of May, 1872, to Miss Ella M. Sites. KESSLER & SHALE, dealers in dry goods, groceries, notions, etc. Frank S. Kessler was born in Marion Township, Buchanan County, Missouri, November ist, 1853. His father, Fidele Kessler, was one of the pioneers of that township, and took an active part in developing its agricultural resources, until his death, which occurred several years ago. Frank was here raised to manhood and educated, his early days being spent in farming. That ST. JOSEPH. 793 ■vocation he pursued until 1877, when he took up his abode in St. Joseph. In the autumn of 1878 he engaged in trade. Henry B. Shale, the junior member of the firm, was born in St.' Joseph, Missouri, September 9th, 1854. His father, John Shale took up his abode in this city at an early day and was closely identified with its progress. At the breaking out Tennessee, March 18, 1853. F- K. Knapp, his father, was an early set- tler of Buchanan County, coming here In 1854. Our subject was here raised and educated. For a number of years he was engaged in the marble trade with his father, and also conducted a jewelry store and engaged in the present business, in 1877. Carries a complete stock in his line, being favorably known in town and thoughout the county, he commands a large trade. F. K. Knapp, Sr., was one of the pioneer marble men of the county, and was prominent among its busirtess men to the time of his death, in 1874. E. J. KNAPP was born in Newburg, Orange County, New York, April 15, 1809, and came to St. Louis in 1819. Learned the painting trade in all its branches, becoming very skillful as an ornamental painter and grainer. Came to St. Joseph in April 1847, and opened a shop and established a large and successful business, which he conducted, for twenty years. In 1875, he was elected justice of the peace, in which capacity he served for four years. He was never an office seeker, but believed that the office ought to seek the man. Six canes were made from a log of the old market house and given to six old citizens,, ojie being given to Mr. ST. JOSEPH. 8oi Knapp. He was a Democrat in politics, and in religion a Catholic. Was married to Emily Matlett, of St. Louis, in 1838. They have nine children living: George M., married to Misg Eva Brown; Mary F., mar- ried to Wm. Hand, who died in 1868, leaving one child, Anna A.; William F.. married to Miss Moran; John O., Emil V., Edward J., Margaret R., Felix and Josephine. They lost two. Mr. K., died July 8th, 1879, leav- ing a devoted family and a large circle of friends to mourn his loss. E. R. KNAPP, dealer in general merchandise, was born in Strausburg, Ohio, December 25, 1857, and is the son of Jonathan Knapp, who was a prominent attor- ney in the Buckeye State. When E. R. was quite young, the family remove to Valparaiso, Indiana, residing there several years, and he was also a citizen of Philadelphia, Ohio. When eighteen years of age he located at Chicago, and became a clerk in the grocery house of E. A. Woodhull. In 1876, he came to St. Joseph, established himself in trade, which has steadily increased, and will compare favorably with the majority of houses in the city. Mr. Knapp's motto is, quick sales and fresh goods. WILLIAM KNEER, wholesale confectioner, was born July 15, 1828, in Westphalia, Prussia,. Germany, and emigrated to America in 1849, landing at New Orleans. There he remained for eight months, and then went to St. Louis, and afterwards to Brunswick, Missouri, where he remained nearly a year. He started from there with the intention of going to California, by the overland route. He came to St. Joseph, May 3, 185 1, and was so favor- ably impressed with the business appearance that he concluded to locate here. He soon engaged in the saddlery business, which he carried on for eleven years. In 1862, he started in the confectionery business, with the late Emil Vegely, under the firm name of Vegely & Kneer, which business he carried on until 1876. Then Mr. Kneer took charge of the business himself He married, in 1855, Miss Carolina Vegely. They had six children, William, Joseph, Mollie, Emma, Carrie and Johnny. Dr. CHAS. F. knight was born in Frederick County, Virginia, November 14th, 1829. . He attended school at the Greenway Court Academy and also the Win- chester Academy, and read medicine with Dr. Hugh H. Maguire, of Winchester, Virginia, and graduated, in 1852, at the Winchester Medi- cal College. He practiced three years at White Post, Clark County,. Virginia, and then, in 1855, came to St. Joseph, where he has beea actively engaged in the duties of his profession. He has been appointed 802 BIOGRAPHICAL. health officer four terms, and was for a number of years the local sur- geon for the Hannibal Railroad. He took a very active part in estab- lishing the Hospital Medical College and was elected President of its faculty and one of its trustees ; also professor of obstetrics and diseases of women and children. He has been twice married, first to Miss Mattie Keyes, in 1861. She died in four months. In 1864, he married Miss Annie M. Keyes, sister of his first wife. They have six children living, five sons and one daughter. Among the many physicians in the city, few rank higher than Dr. Knight. He is one of the oldest of the regular physicians and has always taken a leading position as a surgeon and practitioner. CHARLES E. KOCH. Mr. W. F. Koch became a resident of this city in 1856, and for a number of years was engaged in the hotel business. His son Charles E. was born in Prussia, Germany, September 15th, 1844, and came to America with his parents when ten years of age, and to St. Joseph in 1856, and was here educated and has since made it his home. On the 9th of June, 1873, Miss Christena Weidman became his wife. They have five chil- dren : William, George, Sophia, Amelia and Harry. Mr. Koch is a member of the I. O. O. F., Humboldt Lodge. WILLIAM KOLLATZ was born December 22, 1834, at Oderberg, Province of Brandenburg, Prussia, where he was raised. In 1864 he emigrated to America and arrived at New York City, and from there he went to Bridgeport, Con- necticut, and thence to Atchison, Kansas. In 1865 he came to St. Joseph, where he opened a first-class restaurant and coffee house which, being conducted in a superb style, became much frequented, and is the most popular business of its kind in St. Joseph. 'He was married in 1865 at Atchison, Kansas, to Katharina Kollatz. They have three children, Robert, born May 16, 1861 ; Louise, born July 13, 1862 ; Lina, born August 25, 1869. WILLIAM KRUMM, gardener and raiser of small fruits. Section 22, post office St. Joseph, was born April 3, 1832, and is a native of Germany. He was there educated in the common and high schools, and also studied architecture. In 1848, he came to America,, landing at Quebec, Canada, and from there went to Cincinnati, where he learned the bricklayer's trade. After this he trav- eled till 1855, working at his trade in thirty-two different states and ter- ritories. In 185s, he went to Quincy, Illinois, and February 16, 1857, was married to Miss Margaret Buff. She was born in France, August ST. JOSEPH. 803 19, 1834, and came to America when about two years of age. In 1863, they moved to Macon City, Missouri, and in a few months moved to Leavenworth, Kansas, and in 1867, came to St. Joseph. Since then he has been engaged in his present business. His lot contains twenty- five acresj which is improved in good style and well watered. Mr. and Mrs. Krumm have had nine children, seven are living, Jasper Wm., Adeline L., John Wm., William H., Henry Wm., Frederick Wm. and Maggie. F. C. KUEHL, merchant tailor, was born March 8, 1850, in Oldenbura, Holstein. After having been educated at the high school at Eutin, and naving learned his trade with his father, he left home when sixteen years of age, and went to Hamburg, where he was employed as a clerk in the wholesale grocery business. He emigrated to the United. States, arriving at New York in 1868. Soon after, he went to Chicago, and thence to St. Louis. From here he paid a visit to Memphis and New Orleans, and returned, but only to soon go to Omaha and Cheyenne. After a short stay at the latter place, he returned to Omaha, and in 1870, came to St. Joseph. Here he worked with CoUatz & LaCruneril up to February 26, 1871, when he bought the business, and formed a partnership with Mr. Long, under the firm name of Kuehl & Long. July i, 1871, Mr. Long retired, and F. C. Kuehl carried on business alone. Having a large, experience and good taste in selecting goods and executing his work, he deserves the patronage'which he receives from the public. Wai married April 10, 1872, to Miss Bertha Volk. They have had five children — Heinrich, born September 14, 1872, died July 29, 1873 ; Heinrich, born September 2, 1874; Friedrich, born March 26, 1875, died September 29, 1876; Fried- rich, born June 29, 1878 ; and Caroline, born June 29, 1880. SIMEON LaCHAPELLE, car inspector and repairer for the Wabash St. Louis & Pacific Railroad, was born July ii, 1846, in Sorel, County Richelieu, Canada, and was there raised and educated. For a number of years he was engaged in working on the lakes between Quebec, Montreal and Whitehall, and stood prominently among the transportation companies -and boat owners until a serious loss befel him, his schooner and cargo being destroyed by fire. In 1 871, he came to Missouri, locating at Brunswick, and entered the employ of the Wabash Company as bridge builder, and was soon promoted to his present position. Mr. LaChapelle is a man of superior workmanship, and is well respected by his fellow citizens. He was married in 1874 to Miss Raphel Critser, of Indiana. 804 BIOGRAPHICAL. ISRAEL LANDIS a pioneer and representative citizen of St. Joseph, was born in Lancas-- ter County, Pennsylvania, October 17, 1808. Was one of a fam-ily of ten children, five of whom were sons. Clerked in the store of his father, a general merchant, till he was eighteen years of age, when he learned the trade of saddle and harness making. He determined, with that spirit of enterprise which has marked his course through life, tO' seek an ampler fortune in the West, and in 1833, landed in St. Louis, then a town of about six thousand. Here he established himself and soon built up a prosperous trade, continuing in the business of saddle and harness making for about eight years, when he sold out and purchased a farm, eight miles from the city, to which he removed. Continued to reside here till the spring of 1844, when he again made a westward move, landing and settling upon the site of what is now the city of St. Joseph. With an abiding faith' in the future of his then newly adopted home, a faith which he has lived to see confirmed in the splendid devel- opment of 1 88 1, he opened a small shop. With the growth of the town his business increased, till from $3,ocx3 it has reached tl^e aggregate business of $30,000 per annum, and given steady employment tO' twenty or thirty men. Mr. Landis has contributed in no insignificant degree to building up the business portion of the city. Among others, the large double brick store on the corner of Fourth and Felix, now owned, and until recently occupied, by R. L. McDonald & Co., was built by him in 1857- Subsequently he erected other business blocks, among which are included some of the best appearing of that character of buildings in the city. ■ He is probably the oldest business man actively engaged in the state, and certainly the oldest engaged in the city of St. Joseph, having been forty-eight years in the former and thirty-seven years in. continuous business in St. Joseph. His capital, when he embarked in business in St. Louis, was fifty dollars. His general and ultimate success in life are due to uniform habits of industry, economy, and a fairness of dealing, which has always commanded for him friends. Among other invest- ments, Mr. Landis was one of a company of three, which also included Reuben Middleton and Simeon Kemper, who laid out, for the purpose of a cemetery now known as Mount Mora, in the northwest corner of the city, a tract of twenty acres of land. This beautifully improved spot afterwards became, by purchase, the individual property of Mr. Landis, who subsequently sold it to the association who now (1881)' own it. Israel Landis early took a lively interest in the public affairs of his town. He was an active member of the first city council of St. Joseph, and a representative Odd Fellow, contributing largely, both in time and means, to the erection of that splendid building, the Odd Fellows' Hall, on the southeast corner of Fifth and Felix Streets, which afterwards ST. JOSEPH. 805 became his by purchase, and was subsequently destroyed by fire, as referred to in our notice of that order. He married Miss Sarah Stibbs, in St. Louis, May 3d, 1836. She was a native of Berkshire^ England, and was born April 23, 1809. At the age of sixteen she came with her parents to the; United States, settling in Brooklyn, New York, where she received the advantages of a finished education. In 1834, her father moved with his family to St. Louis, where Miss Stibbs, with her three sisters, established a female seminary on a superior scale, then known as the St. Louis Female Institute, the first school of the kind of importance organized in that city. She remained connected with it till her marriage to Mr. Landis, as above stated. On their removal to St. Joseph, Mrs. Landis taught the first school established in the city, a reference to which enterprise will be found in our chapter on schools. Mr. and Mrs. Landis have, from the earliest settlement of St, Joseph, taken an espe- cially active part in advancing the scholastic, literary and religious inter- ests of .the city, and their efforts have been uniformly crowned with suc- cess. They have a family of five children living : John C, Benjamin F., Mary E., wife of George Connell, Anna Stibbs, wife of Dr. McDonald, Jr., and Lila. Colonel John Landis, the eldest of these children, served with distinction in the late civil war.. In 1861, he left St. Joseph in com- mand of an independent company of infantry. He was afterwards appointed, by Governor Jackson, major of a battalion of artillery in the state service. This position he subsequently resigned and organized a battery of artillery in the regular Confederate service. This he com- manded till he was appointed chief of the Missouri division of artillery with the grade of lieutenant colonel. He held this rank at the siege of Vicksburg. He was afterwards inspector of artillery for the Department of the Gulf, with headquarters at Mobile, Alabama, which position he held till the close of the war, when he returned to St. Joseph, where he has since continued to reside. L. R. LANCASTER, attorney at law, was born in Fulton County, Missouri, and received his education at the Plattsburg school. In 1861, he enlisted as private in the Thirteenth Missouri Regiment, under General Peabody, and was promoted to first lieutenant, and had command of the company for some time ; was captured at Lexington, Missouri ; participated in all the engagements with the regiment, which, in 1864, was consolidated with another regiment, and from that time forward belonged to the engineer corps; his time expired in 1865, and he returned home. In the spring of 1865, he commenced reading law under Gov. W. P. Hall, and acquired his knowledge by hard study and close attention to business ; was admit- ted to the bar in August, 1865, at St. Joseph, then went to Gallatin, 8o6 BIOGRAPHICAL. Daviess County, and formed a partnership with James McFarin, and took charge of the Torch Light, a Democratic paper, as editor. He came to St. Joseph in the fall of 1866 and commenced the practice of law ; was appointed Deputy Clerk of the Supreme Court, which position he held until 1870, and then was appointed clerk and held the office until 1876. Mr. L. was married, in 1865, to Miss Kate Stuppy, a native of Missouri. They have been blessed with five children, four of whom are living. He has been doing an extensive and successful commercial business in Missouri, Kansas, Nebraska, Iowa and the Northwest. Jan- uary 1st, 1880, Hon. E. H. Fudge was admitted as partner, and the pres- ent firm is known as Lancaster & Fudge. FREDERICK LANGTHIMM was born in Holstein, Germany, March 2, 1838, and came to this country and to St. Joseph in 1861. In June of the same year he enlisted into Company B, First Nebraska Volunteer Infantry, and in December, 1862, was discharged on account of disability. After his health was restored he accepted a situation in the round-house of the Hannibal & St. Joseph Railroad, remaining in this capacity for seven years. In 1871 he com- menced the grocery business in Pateetown on a small scale, but by dili- gence and strict attention to business, soon established a fine trade, and was enabled to build a commodious store for his large and increasing business. He continued in trade until July 12, 1878, when he died. He married Miss Catharina Hoyadone November 20, 1864, in this city, and by this union they had two children, Emma D. and Alvina C. Mrs. L- was born in Germany, near her husband's birthplace, February 5) 1838' She has built a beautiful home between Twelfth and Thirteenth streets, on Sylvania. She is educating her daughters with great care. WILLIAM S. LEACH, M. D., was born in Chenango County, New York, November 14, 1828. His father, Rev. Fowler Leach, was a native of Connecticut, and a minister of the Baptist Church. His mother's maiden name was Malinia Degrass Pardee. She was the daughter of Dr. Pardee, a celebrated physiciati of Paris, France. In 1800, the family moved to New York, where, twenty- eight years after, the subject of this sketch was born. His earlier edu- cation he received at St. Gabriel's, a Jesuit College at Vincennes Indiana. He was graduated at the Eclectic Medical College of Cincinnati, in 1847. He then removed to St. Louis, Missouri, where he engaged in the practice of his profession till the close of the year 1848, when he started West, and, by chance, reached Robidoux' Landing (St. Joseph). Here he engaged in the practice of his profession, and, with a firm reliance on the future growth and ultimate importance of the place, invested his ST. JOSEPH. 807 carefully accumulated means, which he to-day sees fructified into ele- ments of permanent and substantial wealth. In 1848, Dr. Leach was married to Miss Lucille A. Massey, a daughter of Captain Massey, of Franklin County, Missouri, and a lady of rare mental endowments, and elegant culture. The result of this union was four children, a son who was drowned in childhood, and three daughters, all married. Bon Cora, wife of Colonel- Bradbury, of Peoria, Illinois ; Anna L., wife of John P. Hooper, of this city ; Helen A., wife of Charles Dinnbleby, of Peoria, Illinois. JOHN G. LEE, cooper, is a native of New Jersey, was born in Flemmington, September 7, 1818, and removed to Delaware with his parents when quite young. His father, William, was a cooper, and John G. adopted and learned that trade. In 1848, he came to Quincy, Illinois, where he did a large coop- erage-business for twenty years. In 1870, he came to St. Joseph, and engaged in trade. Mr. Lee is an agreeable conversationalist and a courte- ous gentleman. In 1840, Miss Hattie Bannar, of Wilmington, Delaware, became his wife. They have had twelve children, ten of whom are liv- ing : George, Agnes, Julia, Fannie, Annie, Magdalene, Charles, Elkana, John S. and Nathaniel ; lost two : E. J. and Eva. JOHN S. LEMON was born in Kentucky, August 15, 1833. He enjoyed the advantages of a fair education in the schools of BuUett County, and his first business experience was in a general store, where he was employed until 1850, at which period he came to St. Joseph, where he immediately embarked in mercantile business. After an experience of two years, he entered the extensive wholesale dry goods house of Powell, Levy & Co., remaining in the same till 1861, when the firm of Lemon, Hosea & Co., was formed. He continued a member of this partnership till 1871, when he pur- chased the interest of Mr. Hosea in the concern, and the new firm of J. S, Lemon & Co. was instituted. At the end of a period of two years, in view of ill-health, Mr. Lemon decided to retire from active business, and sold out his interest in the house. The two succeeding years found him out of active employment. In 1876, however, deeming his general health sufficiently improved to warrant a return to business, he became inter- ested in the Blue Rapids, Kansas, and St. Joseph, Missouri, woolen goods factories. Of the company operating them Mr. Lemon is Secretary. In 1880, he was elected Councilman from the Second Ward, discharging with ability the duties of his position. January 13, 1870, he married Miss Anna Samuel, of St. Joseph. Of the children of this marriage there are (188 1) living: Flora, Todd S. and Mary M. As a private citizen, in an 8o8 BIOGRAPHICAL. official capacity, and as a business man, Mr, Lemon commands the con- fidence and respect of ail who know him. JOHN L. LEONARD, farmer and stock dealer, section 24, ptostoffice St. Joseph. The suject of this sketch is a son of Judge S. L. Leonard, deceased, of whom mention is made elsewhere. He was born in Buchanan County, Missouri, May 2, 1853, and was educated in the common schools of this county, also in the High School of St. Joseph. His landed estate consists of 250 acres in this county, and about 1,000 acres in Texas. He was married August 29, 1876, to Miss America J. Patterson, who was born November 13, 1853, and is' a native of Illinois. They have had two children, one of whom is living, Solomon L. GEORGE LEVRICH, of the firm of Brown & Levrich, blacksmiths, was born in Gentry Country, Missouri, December 14, 185 1, and spent his early days in his native county, where he partially learned his trade, and also became proficient in the milling business. In 1875, he removed to Worth County, and for four years worked in a mill. In 1880, he came to St. Joseph, and formed a partnership with J. R. Brown. He is a live work- man, giving the business his entire attention. In 1872, Miss Sarah E. Cox, of Gentry County, became his wife. TJiey have two children : Dillie and Charlie. JAMES H. LEWIS, insurance and real estate agent, was born in Charlottesville, Virginia, May 24th, 1834. In 1836, his father moved to Booneville, Missouri, and purchased 1,000 acres of land, improving a fine farm. His father was a cousin of the person named Lewis, who, with a Mr. Clark, first navigated . the Missouri River and made valuable discoveries for the government. Young Lewis, at the age of twenty-one went into business in Tipton, Missouri, at that time the terminus of the Missouri Pacific Railroad, where he remained until 1865, when he came to this city and was employed by Messrs. Nave & McCord, for one year. He then estab- lished the insurance and real estate business, which has grown into one of the large and reliable agencies of the city. His reputation as an hon- est business man has secured to him many friends all over the county. . He married Miss Lucy R. Hackett, in Louisa County, Virginia, Sep- tember 9th, 1859. They have four children; William Hackett, Nettie May, Lucy Rayland and Emma Theresa. '■ 'V Ql^S^cXiv.^-'^A^a^ ST. JOSEPH. 809 C. Q. LEWIS, proprietor of the St. Charles Hotel. One of the early settlers of Pike County, Missouri, was Charles Thornton Lewis, who, with his family, migrated from Virginia and settled near Louisiana, in 1835, residing until the spring of 1837, when he became a resident of Cooper County, landing near Boonville, and engaged in cultivating tobacco. He was the pioneer in that industry in the county, and so extensively was he interested in this product, that he was familiarly known as " Tobacco Lewis." He was closely identified with the development of Cooper County until his death, which occurred May i, 1849. The ancestors of the Lewises are of the family into which George Washington married. The subject of this sketch has in his possession traditional relics, spoons, books, etc., said to have belonged to Robert Douglass, of Scotland, of whom the Lewis family are descendants. Charles Q. was born in Char- lottesville, Virginia, March 6, 1826, and removed with his parents to Pike County, Missouri ; thence to Cooper County. He was one of the Forty- niners, and with a party, on the 1st of May, in that memorable year, crossed the state line, below Kansas City, and arrived at the mines, in California, August 10, making one of the best trips on record. Remained engaged in mining about three months very successfully, but at the cost of his health, which he did not fully recover for years, and returned home by the Panama route, arriving on the 14th of February, 1850. In 1855, engaged in milling and merchandising at Jonesboro, Saline County Missouri, and was favorably known in commercial circles in that section for a number of years. In a business sense of the word, his enterprises were a success^ but he met with many serious drawbacks in the form of floods, fire, and during the war. For several years was postmaster of Jonesboro. In 1 865, he made a tour to Montana, and did good service by furnishing the steamer Twilight with fresh meat and fish, which was much needed on a trip of seventy days. In 1877, took up his abode in St. Joseph, engaging in the insurance business, and, in 1879, opened the St. Charles Hotel, naming it after himself, and also the street upon which it is located. On the 23d day of October, 1845, at Charlottesville, Virginia, he was married to Miss Virginia Gooch, and by this union they have five children living : Lillian L., Ada B., Mary M., Lizza H. and Charles Q., Jr. Mr. Lewis has frequently been called upon to be a candidate for political honors. Is a Democrat, was strongly opposed to the rebellion, and took no part with either element. In his domestic habits, he is among the most social, genial and companionable men to be found. He is charitable in his judgments, ever seeking to put a favorable construc- tion upon the actions of others. His wife is one of the best and most noble of her sex. 50 8lO BIOGRAPHICAL. F. W. LEWIS, stair builder. This gentleman has attained a wide reputation for assist- ing his fellow mortals to get up in the world, and a person who under- takes to get their by Lewis' route need not stop to stare at the stairs ; they have been weighed but not found wanting. Mr. Lewis was born February 28, 1842, in Park County, Indiana. When very yoUng he migrated to Carroll, thence to Tippecanoe County, where he was raised to manhood, educated and learned his trade. Was married to Miss S. C. Davis, a native of Livingston County, Missouri. They have one daughter: Mollie. ISAAC W. LINCOLN, of the Lincoln Manufacturing Company, inventor, patentee and sole proprietor of Lincoln's patent combination dough kneader, flour chest and sifter, is a native of Clay County, Missouri, and was born in 1829. In 1864, he came to St. Joseph, and for a number of years was proprietor of the Pacific House. In later years he has been engaged in the manu- facturing business, manufacturing all classes of machinery. The justly celebrated Lincoln dough kneader is here constructed. In the inven- tion of this machine, Mr. Lincoln has given to the people a long-felt want. It is simple in construction, easy to operate and occupies a small space. For it Mr. Lincoln has received testimonials from several prom- inent physicians in St. Joseph ; also from a large number of the leading ladies, not only of the city, but in other states. Ths patent is only of a recent issue and promises, in the near future to come upon the markets of the world. B. F. LOAN was born at Hardensburg, Breckinridge County, Kentucky, in 1819, and in 1838, removed to Missouri. He chose the law as a profession and was admitted to the bar, and commenced practice in Buchanan County. In 1 86 1, when the rebellion broke out, he took an active part in military affairs, and was appointed Brigadier General. In 1862, he was elected to a seat in the Thirty-eighth Congress, and served during this term as a member of the joint committee on military affairs, with Wade, Chand- ler and Julian, and he was one of the most active members, and served as a member of the committee on Pacific Railroads, Freedmen, and debts of loyal states. He was re-elected a member of the Thirty-ninth Con- gress, and was his own successor in the Fortieth Congress, and was chairman of the committee on Revolutionary pensions, and on that of Freedmen's affairs. In 1869, he was appointed visitor to West Point. As a public spirited citizen he was ever identified with the best interests and substantial progress of the city. Soon after commencing the practice ST. JOSEPH. 8ll of his profession, he began to develop those natural and acquired gifts which made him, ere his decease, one of its foremost leaders. He rose rapidly, and from the first his professional work was of a high character. His mind was singularly clear and comprehensive, and he was noted for his accurate and precise methods of work. In matters of legal doubt his opinions had great weight with his professional brethren, for they knew how profound and accurate was his knowledge of law, and how clear and exact were his mental processes. His study was as thorough as it was broad, and his opinions were tenaciously adhered to when arrived at. He was the intimate friend and trusted adviser of many of the leading citizens who have contributed to bring about the commercial greatness of St. Joseph. At the bar, in the active exercise of his profession, he always attracted attention. An excellent advocate, an impressive speaker, his legal opponents, bearing in mind his wide and accurate knowledge of the law, never underestimated his strength, and the result was that Mr. Loan's mental weapons were ever kept bright and his ver- satile abilities constantly active. His reading, outside the realm of his profession, was very extensive, and he was a well informed student of history and general literature. Extremely social in his nature, he pos- sessed the rare gift of attracting friends and the still more rare gift of keeping them. .A lawyer, with too high a sense of honor to urge an unjust cause, a moralist without fanaticism, and a careful business man, who recognized personal integrity as the first obligation to his associates, and to society, his loss is a serious one to those circles in which he was a wise and steadfast friend, and to the city in which for so many years he filled an honorable and a useful citizenship. LOCKWOOD, ENGLEHART & CO. Samuel Lockwood was born at Willow Grove, Kent County, Dela- ware, March 19, 18 12, the fourteenth of a family of eighteen. At the age of fourteen, as was then the rule, was apprenticed to a hat manufac- turer at Frederica, Kent County, Delaware, serving seven years, and learning his business thoroughly. At the close of his time, he started for Louisville, Kentucky, but being of delicate constitution and threat- ened with consumption, he enlisted June 13, 1833, in the First Regiment of the United States Dragoons, then forming. Company C, of which Jef- ferson Davis was First Lieutenant, H. Dodge commanding. After three years' campaigning in the then wild regions of the West, the regiment was disbanded, and Mr. Lockwood settled at Liberty, Clay County, in ■his old business. Found the Mormons there, after being driven from Jackson County, a quiet, intelligent, industrious people, always to be relied upon. When work was wanted, always on hand. Staying but six months at Liberty, he went to St. Louis, Missouri, working there as a 8 12 BIOGRAPHICAL. journeyman hatter until 1850, when he came to St. Joseph, with $300 in his pocket, a stout heart, strong arm and intelligent brain. Opened the first store devoted to one branch of business — hats — and year after year, by patient industry, laid the foundation of his fortune. About 1857, he commenced jobbing, and having the nerve during ihe troublous times of the war to lay in a large stock early, although mortgaging everything he had in the world to enable him to do so, he made money when others were utterly ruined. In the spring of 1868, Mr. George J. Englehart, the present manager of the firm, became associated with Mr. Lockwood, and millinery was added to the stock, Mr. E., from this time, doing the buying, and from 1872, when Mr. L. retired from active business, although he still retained his capital interest, Mr. E. has had the entire manage- ment of the business, one of which any city might reasonably be proud. Mr. E. showed something of his mettle by the erection last year of the finest finished store house in the city, the finest indeed, for the purpose in the state, being more complete in its details than any hat house even in Chicago. In July, 1868, Mr. Robert Winning, the financial manager and dispenser of credits, entered the employment of the firm as book- keeper and cashier, and has done much to place the firm in its present enviable position, appreciating which, the firm admitted him to partner- ship in its profits January, 1878. Mr. J. A. Johnston, employed as a trav- eling salesman for eight years on the Santa Fe Railroad, was admitted into the firm January, 1886. This year, 1881, the firm has added gents' furnishing goods to their stock, employing to take charge Mr. T. H. Murdow, of Chicago, a gentlemen of long experience in that line. Mr. Englehart came to St. Joseph from Hiawatha, Kansas, in 1865, as a partner of the dry goods firm of Tootle, Fairleigh & Co., staying in the same one year. Then formed a firm in the hat business with Major S. A. Garth, as the firm of Englehart & Garth, in the spring of 1868. E. C. LOCKE, of the firm of Fuller & Locke, proprietors of the St. Joseph Steam Laun- dry. These gentlemen established their trade in the spring of 188 1 and do the largest laundry business in the city. Their successful aim is to give universal satisfaction. E. C. Locke is a native of Ohio and was born in Ravenna, September 6th, 1856, and was there educated and learned the art of photography. He is a nephew of Mr. Locke, who is known as Nasby, of the Toledo Blade. E. C. was engaged in operating photo- graph galleries, for several years, in the Buckeye state, and eventually drifted out on the Pacific Slope, where he pursued the same vocation, until taking up his abode in St. Joseph. He married Miss L. E. Morse, of Aleriale, Ohio, on the 21st of December, 1878. They have one child, Eli. Mr. Locke is a member of the A. O. U. W. ST. JOSEPH. 813 Dr. AUGUSTUS S. LONG was born August 2, 1840, at Long Swamp, Berks County, Pennsylvania. His father, Daniel Long, was a prosperous farmer, and died a few weeks before his son's birth. Early training fell to a loving, intelligent mother. Received private instruction from William Schubert, Esq., an able teacher. At the age of sixteen he entered Mount Pleasant Seminary, at Bogerstown, Pennsylvania, and later, Union Seminary, at New Berlin, Union County, Pennsylvania. Commenced the study of medicine in 1863, attended the University of Pennsylvania, Bellevue Hospital Medi- cal College, and. Long Island College Hospital successively, graduating in 1865 from the latter institution ; was immediately after graduation appointed Resident Physician of his alma mater, serving one year. Came to St. Joseph, September 28, 1866, which place he has made his home ever since. During the location of the County Poor House in St. Joseph, for a period of one year, about 1870, Dr. Long was its efficient superintendent and physician. On the removal of the county poor to the present farm north of the city, he ceased to act as Superintendent of the same, but was continued as County Physician up to the period of his resignation. He has been since 1868 a member of the United States Pension Board, and is probably the oldest physician in this section of country in continuous service in that department. As a healer of chronic diseases Dr. Long has long enjoyed an enviable reputation in St. Joseph and tributary country. COL. JOSEPH LOOMIS, was born in Colebrook, New Hampshire, in August, 1826, and received a good common school education, and at the age of fourteen commenced his railroad career by shoveling snow from the track of the Boston and Lowell Railroad, March 4, 1840. After working steadily for two years, he entered the machine shop, where he mastered the trade, and then was appointed conductor on a passenger train, which he held until 1853. In that yearhe came West and received a position as conductor on the Michigan Central, where he remained two years, and then was appointed Depot and Train Master in the new Central Depot, on Lake Street, Chicago, where he remained until 1857. I" 1859, he was appointed General Freight Agent on the Hannibal and St. Joseph Railrpad, serv- ing one year; was appointed Master of Transportation. On the 4th of June, 1861, the railroad men under his charge were formed into a regi- ment, and he was made Lieutenant Colonel, and remained through the war in charge of the railroad, and also of the regiment. In 1865, he was appointed Superintendent of the Quincy & Palmyra Railroad, and the Quincy Transportation Company. In 1868, he started the transfer 8 14 BIOGRAPHICAL. boats from Blair Crossing for the Sioux City & Pacific Railroad, remain- ing three years. He then went to Carondelet and had charge of the Missouri Pacific transfer boats; in 1877^ took the position of Superin- tendent on the Smoky Hill Division of the Kansas Pacific, and remained two years, finally coming to St. Joseph, in 1879. He married Nancy F. Watkins, in Lowell, Mass. They have one adopted daughter — Julia, aged 16. WILLIAM LOVING, for many years a representative business man of St. Joseph, was born in Russelville, Logan County, Kentucky, April 8th, 1830. His father, Willis Loving, was a merchant and his great grandfather, William Lov- ing, was the founder of Lovingston, Nelson County, Virginia. The sub- ject of this sketch was reared and educated in his native county. He first engaged in the drug business in Springfield, Wa'shington County, Kentucky, and afterwards in Hopkinsville. In 1855, he moved to Mis- souri and settled in the town of Lexington, where he was engaged in business about the period of a year. In the winter of i856-'57, he moved to St. Joseph, where he established himself in the wholesale and retail drug business. Notwithstanding the want of facilities, such as now exist, for canvassing wide extents of territory and of transporting goods over the same, Mr. Loving early succeeded in building up a lucrative wholesale trade, in addition to his well-sustained retail business. Dur- ing the long period of his residence in St. Joseph, he has steadily advanced with the progress of the city, and has always manifested a lively and liberal interest in the prosperity of St. Joseph. He married, in 1853, Miss Susan E. Wharton, of Springfield, Kentucky. The have, by this marriage, a family of three children : Phoebe, William and Arthur. FRANK H. LOVEJOY, yardmaster of the Hannibal and St. Joseph Railroad, is a native of Zanesville, Ohio, and was born January 14, 1851. At an early age he removed to Wisconsin with his parents, his father Harry, locating with his family at Madison, where Frank was raised and educated. In 1869, he commenced railroading at Sterling, Illinois, on the R. R. I. & St. L., in the capacity of brakeman, remaining two and one-half years, after which for a time he filled the same position on the B. C. R. & N., in Iowa. Was next with the P. & R. I. for three years and for four years was in the yard at Peoria, for the Peoria and Springfield Company. Thence on the Hannibal and St. Joseph, and from their yard at Kansas City, took his present position June 11, 1881. He was married in 1873, to Miss Mattie E. Martin. By this union, they have two children, Alice and an infant. ST. JOSEPH. 8lS WILLIAM H. LOVE. proprietor of the Atlantic Hotel, is a native of Chester County, Pennsyl- vania, and was born in 183 1. Was deprived of his father by death when quite young, and his mother again married, and the family left for the West, when our subject was in his seventh year. Unfortunately his step- father was robbed of his money en route, and William and his sisters were left to the care of strangers. He was raised in Westmoreland County, Pennsylvania, and learned the millwright trade, having many difficulties to contend with. In 1857, he drifted westward and located in Plattsburg, Clinton County, Missouri ; worked at his trade, and erected the first steam flouring mill in the county. First visited St. Joseph in 1858, and in 1861, went to Nebraska, residing there until 1864, when he removed to Leavenworth. There he enlisted as a mechanic, and for a time was located at Union, New Mexico. In 1865, he came to St. Joseph, and engaged in the restaurant business, and in 1872, he opened Love's European Hotel, which was previously known as the Oregon House. Of this he was proprietor until 1876. For several years he was bridge builder on the St. Joseph and Des Moines Railroad and the St. Joseph and Western Railroad. May i, 188 1, he assumed control of the Atlantic Hotel. Was married May 7, 1867, to Mrs. Jane Barnett, nee Gallatin. By this union they have three children — Oscar M. and Ada — and lost one, Arthur. Mrs. Love had two children by her first husband — Florence and Effie — (wife of Hon. E. J. Crowther). Mrs. Love died October 28, 1880. ROBERT LOVELL, car inspector for the Hannibal & St. Joseph Railway. This trusted employe of the " Old Reliable " is favorably known on the line from the Missouri to the Mississippi. He is a native of England, and was born in London, September 26, 1830. Was there raised and learned his trade, after which lie went to Canada, residing there several years. In 1856, he came to the United States, locating at Hannibal, and entered the employ of the Hannibal & St. Joseph Company, and for a quarter of a century has been in their employ. His reputation for proficiency and reliability is an enviable one. Was married in England, to Miss Car- oline Gutteridge. They have two children, Robert and Eliza, now Mrs. D. Lacy. Mr. Lovell is a Master Mason, and Robert is also a Mason, being a Knight Templar. ISAAC LOWER, farmer and stock raiser. Section 36, post office St. Joseph, was born in Roane County, Tennessee, June 20, 1820, and when one year of age, his parents moved to Granger County. In the fall of 1836, he moved to 8l6 BIOGRAPHICAL. Jackson County, Missouri, and in December, 1837, came to Buchanan County. His vocation through life has been that of a farmer. In March, 1840, he was married to Miss Rebecca Nash, and in 1842, they moved to Platte County, and in the spring of 1844, to Jackson County. He returned to Buchanan County in 1848. His wife died in the fall of 1848, leaving four children, one of whom is now living, Louisa J. He was again married in August, 1849, to Miss Matilda Riley, of Kentucky. By this union they have six children, Sarah R., James K. P., Stephen A. D., Sarah E., Henry I. A. J. and William R. E. L. In 1861, Mr. L. moved to Andrew County, where he remained till 1863, when he returned to Buchanan County. His landed estate consists of 372 acres, his home farm containing 336 acres. He is a Mason, and a member of the Agency Lodge No. 10, also a Chapter member. ALEXANDER LOZO, If your photo you would show. See that it's from A. Lozo. This gentleman was born in Ogdensburg, New York, March 9, 1S40, and at the age of ten years removed to Canada. His father, Alexander, was a lumber mechant. Alexander learned his profession under the tutor- ship of the famous Notam, one of the master artists of the province. In 1864, he opened a studio at Belleville, and operated at different points until 1870, when he located in St. Joseph. His rooms are handsomely furnished, and in all lines of art he does a good business, embracing water colors, crayons, and the latest styles of photographing. LUCAS BROTHERS, show-case manufacturers. This is the only establishment of the kind in St. Joseph, and their business extends over a vast area of country. Their cases are to be found on sale in Kansas, Nebraska, Dakota, California, Oregon, Wyoming, and other States and Territories. J. W. Lucas is ai native of Highland County, Ohio ; was born in 1842, and there resided until August 19, 1862, when he enlisted in the Eighty-ninth Ohio Volun- teer Infantry, participating in many notable engagements, Fort Don- aldson, Chicamauga, and others. At the latter place he was taken prisoner, and for fourteen months his time was spent in Andersonville, Danville, Belle Isle, Macon, and Salsbury and several other " pens." He was honorably discharged in 1865. In 1866 he removed to Montgomery County, Iowa, residing there until 1879, when he became a resident of St. Joseph, engaging in his present business. Mr. C. B. Lucas was born in Highland County, Ohio, in 1850, and was there raised to manhood and resided until the autumn of 1880, when he came to this city and associ- ated himself with his brother. st. joseph. 817 Mrs. nancy LYKINS, Section 26, post office St. Joseph, was born in Cooper County, Missouri, March 28, 1820. She received a fair education and was raised in the country. She married Dr. C. B. Lykins, June i, 1837. He was born in Indiana, February 3, 1813. By this union they had twelve children: Andrew C, Mary V., Julia A., David A., John J., William C, Sarah E., Cynthia A., Emma V., James S., Charles R., and an infant who died- when young. Dr. L. died July 3, 1878. By industry and economy he saved 160 acres of land, which is all under fence, with fair improve- ments and five acres of orchard. The Doctor was two years in the Fed- eral army. He was a Mason. Since his death his wife has been doing the best in her power to protect the property and raise up the family, so that they may be bright and shining lights in the community. GEO. LYON was born in Ogdensburg, St. Lawrence County, New York, May 22, 1823, and lived there until twelve years of age. The following eighteen years were spent mostly in Albany, his native place, and Brooklyn, Long Island. He .was raised with a mercantile experience, and continued the same until 1854, when he removed to Chicago and engaged in the lumber trade. In i860, he removed to St. Joseph, and continued the same business. In 1862, he was elected Treasurer of Buchanan County, and held the office eight years. He has also held the office of City Treasurer. During the late war he enlisted as a private in Company G, Twenty-fifth Regiment E. M. M., and was commissioned Captain. Since he became a resident of the county, he has been of its representa- tive business men, taking an active part in all things having a tendency to promote the interests of the city. He was the President of the first agricultural exposition of any magnitude in the county. He married Miss Jane C. Judson March 10, 1843. She is also a native of St. Law- rence Courity, New York. They have a family of nine children, Jno. F., Judson, George, David and Jennie (twins), Frederick W., Horace, Arthur, and May. Lost one daughter, Grace. I. McADAMS, wagon maker, was born in Allen County, Kentucky, August 2, 1837, and when fourteen years of age, removed to this state, his father, William, locating in Buchanan County. In 1862, he enlisted in the Thirty-fifth Missouri, but owing to ill health, was honorably discharged in 1863. For a number of years he was a resident of Troy, Kansas, but took up his permanent abode in St. Joseph in 1872. He has been twice married ; first, in 1858, to Miss R. A. Bradshaw, who died, leaving two children — 8l8 BIOGRAPHICAL. G. William and I. Walker. His second wife was N. E. Godby, and by this union they have one daughter — Birdie May. JOHN McBRIDE, engineer on the St. Louis, Wabash & Pacific Railway. Is a native of Ayr- shire, Scotland, and was born September i/, 1843. Was there raised to manhood, educated, and commenced railroading, and for fourteen months was fireman on the North British Railroad. In 1870 he came to the United States and thence to this city, and for seven years was in the employ of the Kansas City, St. Joseph & Council Bluffs Railroad, the greater portion of the time as fireman. Since that time he has been with the present company. Mr. McBride is thoroughly familiarized with the details of railroading, and as an engineer has few equals. He was married in 1874 to Miss Margaret Priestly. They have four children, John, Isabelle, Mary, and Laura. M. J. McCABE, city engineer, was born in Ireland, October 25th, 183 1, and came to this country in 185 1, soon engaging in railroad engineering in St. Louis. In 186 1„ he entered the U. S. service as Government Engineer, and remained in this position until 1866. In 1869, he came to St. Joseph, and, until 1876, was engaged as a railroad engineer, which has been, his life-calling. At that time he was elected City Engineer, and the city of St. Joseph owes him a debt of gratitude for the perfecting, in her midst, of one of the finest systems of water works in the state. His system of sewerage is excellent,, and, altogether, the citizens of St. Joseph have cause to congratulate themselves upon having an officer competent to fill so important a position. He married Miss Elizabeth F. Welch, in this city, in 1872. They have two children : Rose and Frances. C. J. McCLELLAN, carpenter and builder, was born August 3rd, 1858, in Mercer County, Missouri, and wh^n young, the family removed to Fairfield, Iowa, where his father, J. C, engaged in merchandising and hotel keeping. They subsequently returned to Missouri, locating where J. C. McC. still resides. Our subject learned his trade principally in Iowa. In the spring of 1879, he came to St. Joseph, and has since been actively engaged in his busi- ness. As a mechanic he will compare favorably with many of the older workmen. On February 24, 1 881, Miss Luella Chapman, an estimable lady, of St. Joseph, became his wife. ST. JOSEPH. 819 JAMES McCORD was born in Randolph County, Virginia, January 7; 1826, and came with his parents to Missouri, in 1836, settling first at Cape Girardeau, and after- wards moving to Morgan County. After his father's death, in 1839, James left school at the age of fourteen, and obtained a situation in a store at Calhoun, Henry County. His finances not admitting of any other mode of travel, he walked from his home to Calhoun, a distance of sixty miles. After remaining here three years, he went to Warsaw in 1843, and remained there until 1846, excepting an absence of two months. In the spring of 1846, he made a trip to New Orleans in the interest of his employers, and upon his return in June, closed his engagement and went to Northwest Missouri, stopping until October in Savannah. Thence he went to Oregon, Holt County, and in company with Abram Nave opened a store under the firm name of Nave & McCord. This business continued three years, at the expiration of which time he withdrew and went to New Orleans. In 1850 he crossed the plains to California, arriving in July of that year. In the month following he went to Nevada City and opened a provision store. Owing to ill health, he sold out and returned to Sacramento City, and met D. M. Steele, who had just arrived from Missouri. They immediately formed a partnership for buying emigrant cattle and feeding them until fat. Mr. McCord's health not improving, he sold his interest to Mr. Steele, and returned to Savan- nah, in January, 1851, and once more formed a partnership with Abram Nave, under the old firm name of Nave & McCord, which connection has been maintained in some form ever since. In January, 1852, the firm bought a drove of cattle for the California market. He was engaged in the cattle business for eight years. In 1857, '" company with Mr. Nave, he came to St. Joseph and engaged in the wholesale aad retail grocery business. In i860, they were burned out, their stock being a total loss, but, not discouraged, they re-established their business. The firm has houses in other cities doing a large business, and wherever their name is connected it is a synonym for success. Mr. McCord's success in life is due to sterling principles of truth, diligence and persevering application, and he affords a striking illustration of what a man can acconlplish by concentrating his energies on one subject. He was mar- ried, in 1854, to Miss Mary E. Halleck, of Jessamine County, Kentucky. F. McCOUN, of the firm of F. McCoun & Co., importers and jobbers of queensware glassware, platedware, mirrors, lamps, etc., was born in Kentucky, May 31, 1836, and emigrated to Missouri in 1856, locating in Andrew County, where he followed farming until the war broke out. He became engaged S20 BIOGRAPHICAL. as salesman with V. B. Buck, wholesale boot and shoe dealer, in 1866, and was admitted as partner in 1870^ remaining up to June, 1877, when he sold out to Patterson, Noyes & Co. He then returned to Kentucky, remaining over two years. Since that time he has lived on his farm, three and one-half miles north of St, Joseph. January i, 1 881, he engaged in his present business. September 3, 1868, he married Miss Helen M. Conway. She is a native of Missouri, and was born January 17, 1852. They have had six children : John C, born November 23, 1869 ; Cleota, born November 25, 1871 ; Mary E., born January 2, 1874 ; Ferdinand W., born June 28, 1876 ; Robert H., born September 29,. 1878, and an infant son, born June 15, 1880. Mr. McCoun is a Mason, and member of the Christian Church. In August, 1861, he was arrested at his home, in Mis- souri, cast into prison at Savannah, and finally paroUed. He was bitterly opposed to secession, but this unjust arrest fired up his soul, enthused his Southern heart, and he enlisted in the Tenth Missouri Regiment, under General Price. Was in the Confederate Army four years, less one month, participating in every engagement in which the brigade took part. His mother and but one brother are still living out of a family of nine. Mrs. J. I. McCoun was born in Harrodsburg, Kentucky, December 23, 1802. She is active, and enjoys good health. The benevolent heart of Mr. McCoun is always in sympathy with charitable and progressive enterprises. ROBERT McCRARY, cooper, was born in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, in 1817, and was there raised and learned his trade in that city. After serving his time he opened a shop which he operated for a number of years. Then removed to Ohio, remaining some time, and returned to Pittsburgh, and after a short sojourn located in Zanesville, Ohio. In 1866 he went to Kansas and took charge of the government shops at Leavenworth. After which he was in other places until 1875, when he became a res'ident of St. Joseph. He is a first-class mechanic, a gentleman unassuming in his demeanor, and popular with all who know him. R. L. MCDONALD was born near Harrisburg, Kentucky, May 19, 1832. His father was a farmer of that neighborhood, and here the subject of this sketch resided till he was nineteen years of age, when he left his home for the West, and settled in St. Joseph, Missouri, where he engaged as a clerk in the store of Donnell & SaTxton. In 1853, he was received as a partner in the business. A short time previous to the breaking out of the civil war, he purchased the interest of his partners, and became sole proprietor of the concern, a general retail dry-goods house, then located on the corner of ST. JOSEPH. 821 Fourth and Felix streets. In 1865, he associated with himself C.H. Buckman and F. L. McLain, and under the name and style of R. L. McDonald & Co., engaged in the wholesale trade. In 1867, F. L. McLain retired from the partnership for the purpose of engaging in the retail business alone. He was succeeded by George Hen- derson. In 1872, Colonel J. H. Dayton became a member of the firm. In January, 1877, Dayton and Buckman both retired from the partnership, and W. A. P. McDonald became a partner. Since that period, this gentleman and George Henderson, Jr., have composed the Co. of the concern. In December, 1880, the elegant structure of the present business house of this firm, a brick faced with cut stone, on the northwest corner of Fourth and Francis streets, was completed and occupied. This is the largest structure of the kind in the city, having a frontage of one hundred feet on Fourth street, running back one hundred and forty feet on Francis street, and is four stories high, with an elegantly lighted basement, opening on the grade of Francis street. The floor space of the entire building includes .70,000 square feet. The stories are of unusual height, the basement being twelve feet, the first iloor twenty feet, the second seventeen feet, the third sixteen, and the fourth story twelve feet. This house, the largest west of St. Louis, dis- tributes its sales over twelve States and Territories, employing con- stantly about twenty traveling salesmen, besides the sixty or seventy engaged in the house. R. L. McDonald was married May 16, 1857, to Miss Mary A. Wilson, daughter of Gen. Robert Wilson, formerly United States Senator from Missouri, and niece of Armstrong Beattie, deceased. They have had seven children. Of these, John, Maggie, Mattie, Robert, Annie and Marie, survive. w. A. P. Mcdonald was born in Plattsburg, Clinton County, Missouri, August 17, 1847. His father, D. M. McDonald, now (1881) a prominent lumber dealer of St. Joseph, soon after moved to Stewartsville, in DeKalb County, where he was engaged in general merchandising till the breaking out of the civil war, when he sold out and entered the Confederate service. The subject of this sketch was the third son of a family of seven children, four of whom are living. He completed his education in Stewartsville Academy, an institution presided over by Rev. W. O. H. Perry. From his earliest boyhood he worked in stores and was bred to mercantile pursuits. In early youth he also had a varied experience, acquiring a knowledge of several trades, among which were sign painting, printing, etc. He was also at one time a railroad agent and telegraph operator. In 1865 he was employed by R. L. McDonald & Co., now the largest wholesale dry goods house in St. Joseph. He was soon promoted to the 822 BIOGRAPHICAL. position of entry clerk, and subsequently to that of book-keeper, which position he filled till 1870, when he engaged as traveling salesman, con- tinuing in this latter place till 1872, when he was appointed general salesman in the house. In 1873 he left the dry goods business, and engaged with the Merchants' Insurance Company. He remained gen- eral agent of this company for the space of four years. In 1877 he again associated himself as a partner in the firm of R. L. McDonald & Co. January, 1872, W. A. P. McDonald was married to Miss Forrestine Gower, daughter of Col. A. G. Gower, a prominent railroad man, and the builder of several roads through Buchanan County. By this mar- riage they have two daughters, Forrestine, aged about eight years, and R. L. aged seven. Dr. SILAS Mcdonald. Buchanan County, was fortunate in having among its early settlers men of solid worth. They contributed to that excellent reputation of the county of which it has ever had just cause to be proud. Of this number no one has contributed a larger share than Dr. McDonald. He was born in Washington County, Kentucky, April i8th, 18 12, and was there raised. After making choice of the practice of medicine as a profession, he attended his first course of lectures at Transylvania University, in 1834, and his second course was at the Cincinnati Medical College, in 1837. In 1836, he came to Missouri, and settled in Howard County, and in 1837 made a prospecting tour to Texas, but not liking the country, he returned, and made his home in this county. In January, 1838, he pre-empted a claim, and at the same time engaged in the active duties of his profession. He was the first physician to settle in what is now known as Buchanan County. Dr. McDonald is a man of acknowledged ability, as a physician, and his services as such are recognized by a host of appreciatory friends. His kind and sympathetic nature made him a welcome visitor in the sick room, and when in active practice, his calls were numerous and remote. He is well known throughout the county, and the respect shown him is as wide as his acquaintance. He has rid- den hundreds of miles to administer to the necessities of the poor, at all seasons of the year, without any expectation of compensation. Day and night he answered calls, regardless of the pecuniary circumstances of the summoner. As a man he is a genial companion, positive in his char- acter, and warm-hearted as a friend. Ten years ago he retired from active practice. Having acquired a competency, his time has been occu- pied with financial matters. He married Miss Sarah Donnell, October 30th, 1839. She was born in North Carolina. She is a lady of refined taste and domestic habits, whose life has been devoted to making home happy and attractive. Their family consists of seven children : Martha (now Mrs. France ;) . Daniel (late a banker at Forest City ;) John T., ST. JOSEPH. 823 Hettie (now Mrs. Dr. Lindsay ;) William F. (also banker at Forest City ;) Silas (cashier State Savings Bank,) and Alexander (in college.) JOHN McGINTY, dairyman, was born in Ireland, in 1816, and when he was small his parents died. He was married in the fall of 1839, to Miss Ellen Short. By this union they had nine children, John, Patrick, Owen, William, Ellen, Charles, James, Barney and Kate ; four of them have died. He and his wife are members of the Catholic Church. Mr. McGinty emi- grated to America in 1853, and located in St. Louis, and there followed the dairy business. In 1866, he immigrated to St. Joseph, and has been engaged in his present business ever since. He has been crippled with rheumatism for sixteen years, but otherwise enjoys good health. J. H. McGUIRE, job printer, is a native of Cleveland, Ohio, where he was educated, grad- uating as a compositor from the Leader office. He came to St. Joseph in the spring of 187 1, and was in the employ of the Steam Printing Com- pany, until 1878, when he embarked in the job printing business. Pre- vious to coming to this city he was engaged in working at Rand, McNally & Go's, and other first class printing houses in Chicago. For artistic card, railway and commercial printing, his work is on an equality with any done in the West. JOSEPH McINERNY, proprietor of the Commercial Hotel, was born in the parish of Kilmurry McMahon, County Clare, Ireland, April 29, 1841, and came to this country in 1862, and settled in Freehold, New Jersey, where he worked in a hotel. In 1863, he went to Great Valley, New York, remaining there until early in 1864. At the beginning of the coal oil excitement he went to the oil regions in Pennsylvania, and worked there first in putting up machinery, and then at masonry till 1867, at which time he went to Meadville, Penn- sylvania, remaining there speculating in oil and other stocks till early in 1869. He moved to Kent, Ohio, where he kept a billiard hall for some nineteen months, and then came West, settling at Rock Island, Illinois. Then he visited the principal towns of Iowa, Illinois and Dakota, and finally landed in St. Joseph, Missouri, in September, 1870, when he settled and bought the property now located on the corner of Mitchell Avenue and Tenth Street, then an open prairie. He purchased of Milton Tootle the property he still owns, on which stands the Commercial Hotel. Was married to Miss Mary Kelly, in Davenport, Iowa, October 3, 1871. They have two children living. Mr. Mclnerny attended school in Ireland with 824 BIOGRAPHICAL. the lady who is now his wife. They had not seen each other for fourteen years, when they accidentally met in Davenport. Mr. McI. keeps an excellent house, and enjoys great personal popularity. For several years has been elected Alderman of his ward, a position the duties of which he discharged acceptably. Is President of the Land League of St. Joseph, and is notably active and liberal in all church and school enterprises. He is a Catholic and a Democrat. PATRICK McINTIRE, County Judge,, was born in County Linford, Ireland, May 15, 1833, and came to this country in 1S49, stopping in Coldspring, New York, where he learned the grading business. In 1854, he came to Grand Rapids, Mich- igan, and remained for nine years, following his vocation. He married Miss Catherine Shaughnesey while there, and came to St. Joseph, in 1863, where he worked at his trade, and has done more, perhaps, than any other man, to level down the hills, fill up the valleys, grade the streets, artd ornament them by setting trees, etc. His work has not been entirely confined to the city, for he has done many large jobs in the country. Among his more important works were, the grading of the court house site, the cathedral lot, and some of the largest blocks in the city. He has also done much railroad grading. He graded the fair ground track, and does all kinds of work in his line. He was elected County Judge in 1880, and no man on the Board takes a deeper interest in the welfare of the county, and attends to its business with more zeal and good common sense, than does Judge Mclntire. He is a devoted Catholic, and a Democrat, always taking a lively interest in building up church and school interests. J. H. McMACHEN is a prominent architect and builder, and is a native of Baltimore, Maryland, where he was born July 23, 1818. He was there raised, edu- cated and learned his trade. Our subject, for eleven years, was in the employ of the Baltimore & Ohio Railway, and constructed all the depot buildings on the line, including the depot at Washington, District Col- umbia, Camden depot at Baltimore, and also the first iron bridge on the road. In 1856 he came West and took up his abode in St. Joseph, and has been actively engaged at his trade since. Among the first buildings he worked on in the city were the Patee and Pacific Houses. Mr. McMachen has been twice married ; first, to Miss Mary Murry, of Mary- land. She died, leaving one son, J. Robert, and he was married the sec- ond time to Mrs. Christena C. Parsons, nee Shotts. By this union they have four children, John Robert, Samuel D., Harry E., and Benjamin. Mrs. McMachen by her first husband has a daughter, Elizabeth. Mr. McMa- ST. JOSEPH. 825 chen belongs to the Encampment I. O. O. F., King Hill Lodge, No. 19. Has been an Odd Fellow forty-two years. For a number of years he was Deputy Grand Master. W. B. McNUTT, (Chief of the Fire Department, was born in Londonderry, Ireland, April 22, 1838, and came to this country in 1848, and with his father's family settled in Philadelphia, Pa. He there learned the bookbinding trade, and then went to Cincinnati and worked at it two years, and in 1857 came to this city and started the fif-st bookbindery. He is still carrying on the business, in connection with one of the largest establishments in the city. He married Mollie Elder, in this city in 1861. They have one child, Libbion Florence; lost one. McNutt has seen much of the substan- tial improvements, and has established a reputation as a first-class workman and a reliable business man that few enjoy. He has always taken an active interest in the Fire Department, was among the first to organize a company in 1874, was elected Chief Engineer of the Depart- ment, and held the position for six years. J. J. McPOLAND, carriage manufacturer, was born February 24, 1852, in Dubuque, Iowa, and was there raised, educated and graduated in the carriage works of Tom Connelly. He resided principally in the Key City until 1877, when he came West, taking up his abode in St. Joseph. He worked for a time as a journeyman, and then branched into trade, and is one of the best •workmen in the state, and the firm of McPoland & Farrell, is rapidly coming to the front. J. C. MACSPADDEN, «ole agent for the light running Domestic sewing machine, one of the representative sewing machine agents of Buchanan County, is our sub- ject. He is a native of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, and was born January 13, 1850. At an early age he removed to Cleveland, Ohio, with his parents, where he was raised and educated, graduating in the High School of that city, His father, John MacSpadden, was well known in Cleveland as a contractor and painter. In 1869, J. C. moved to Kansas, and engaged in the sewin§> machine business at Lawrence, Leavenworth amd Atchison, and was state agent for the Wheeler & Wilson Company. In 1877, he took up his abode in St. Joseph. He is a practical sewing machine man, and does a large and increasing business. He has the agency for several machines, but makes a specialty of the light running Domestic, which he considers superior to all others. He also carries a complete line of supplies., patterns, etc. In 1875, Miss Rosa Amann, a 826 BIOGRAPHICAL. native of Canada, became his wife. They have two children, Volney C, and Marie R. JACOB MADINGER was born February 10, 1822, at Strempfelbach,' Germany, aud left his birthplace, when fourteen years old, with his uncle, who was on a visit from America, and came with him, in 1836, to Louisville, Kentucky, There he served his apprenticeship as butcher, for two years, and was also employed for twelve years. He came to St. Joseph in 1850, where he commenced his business, which he carried on very successfully for six years, when- he sold out. He retired from business, bought twenty acres of land, and commenced to become a wine grower, and was the first in this city. By his example he has animated others to follow, and has done much for St. Joseph. In acknowledgement of his merits, he was elected President of the Horticultural Society, of St. Joseph, and Vice President of the State Horticultural Society, of Missouri. In 1848, at Louisville, he was married to Miss Rosine Jant. GEORGE R. MANN, of the firm of Eckel & Mann, architects. One who has attained a wide and well merited reputation in this important art, is George R. Mann, who was born in Elkhart County, Indiana, July 22, 1854. There he resided until he attained his thirteenth year, receiving the benefits of the common schools, after which for three years he studied architecture, in Indianapolis, and also for four years at the School of Technology, in Boston. From this he graduated with high honors, taking all the prizes in the diiferent classes, and the premium at the Centennial for the finest designs. He located in Minneapolis, Minnesota, and after completing his studies, he' remained two years, after which he was employed in Detroit and Washington, D. C, and other cities, as draughtsman. In October, 1879, he took up his abode in St. Joseph. Among the many specimens of his skill are the edifices of Tootle, Hosea & Co.'s, Turner, Frazer & Co.'s and R. L. McDonald & Co.'s stores, and J. G. Englehart's and A. N. Schuster's residences, the Union Depot, also the Court House and Jail of Nodaway County, and the Union Depot at Hannibal. S. H. MANLY, • of the firm of Manly & Gray, carpenters and builders, was born in Cum- berland County, Pennsylvania, August 2nd, 1822, and when seven years of age, removed, with his parents, to Wayne County, Ohio, where his father, John, engaged in agricultural pursuits. S. H. spent his early life in farming in Wayne County, and there resided until 1866, when he came to St. Joseph. He is a natural mechanic, and this combined with ST. JOSEPH. 827 close application, has made him among the foremost of the craft. For over three years he was foreman for R. K. Allen. He was married, in 1867, to Miss Sarah J, Hunt. By this union they have had three chil- dren : Samuel B. and Lillie Maud, living, and Franklin, deceased. Rev. CHARLES MARTIN, M. D., Principal of the Young Ladies' Institute, was born in Montgomery County, Pennsylvania, in January, 1812. He received a good academic education, and studied medicine with his father, Dr. Geo. Martin ; also attended medical lectures at the University of Pennsylvania, where he was graduated in 1833. He practiced medicine exclusively for only about a year, yet he has been obliged to prescribe for his friends, more or less, ever since. In 1836, he entered upon the work of the ministry, in the Lutheran Church. In 1857, he became principal of the Luther- ville Female Seminary, near Baltimore, Maryland. In 1859, he estab- lished the Collegiate Institute, at Warren, Illinois. In 1865, he became principal of the Hagerstown, Md., Female Seminary. Here he remained until he came to St. Joseph, in 1869, where, in September of the same year, he established the Young Ladies' Institute, a school of recognized merit and increasing popularity. The Doctor desires this to be the crowning masterpiece of his life work. He contemplates making large additions to the present buildings, and fitting them up in first-class style, to accommodate the increasing patronage of the institution. His first wife was Miss Eliza Carlton, of Maryland. By this marriage they had four children : George T., Elizabeth and Charles E., and Emma V., who died in 1833. Mrs. M. died in 1846. In 1865, he married Miss L. C. Robin- son, of Easton, Maryland. They have three children : Maggie R., Martina W. and Endora L. GEORGE W. MARLOW, proprietor of the Elephant Boot and Shoe Store, in St. Joseph, is a native of Loudoun County, Virginia, where he spent his boyhood's days. In 1869 he went West and settled in St. Joseph, where he embarked in the boot and shoe trade, locating on the north side of Market Square, where he remained till 1875, when he moved to his present location on Felix Street. Mr. Marlow has always borne the reputation of an enter- prising and honorable merchant. His business in St. Joseph proved a success from the start, and no retail house in the Northwest keeps a larger or more varied stock in his line. Every floor of the three-story building he occupies is filled with goods. His brother, Mr. John Mar- low, a courteous and affable gentlemen, is the leading salesman of the establishment. 828 BIOGRAPHICAL. DESIRE MARECHAL, of the firm of Marechal & Son, proprietors of the Valley commission house, and dealers in baled hay, corn, oats, etc., is a native of Francci and was born November 13, 1826. Was there raised and educatfed, and served an apprenticeship to the brick and stone mason trade. In 1857, he came to America, and for a time was a resident of Wisconsin and Illinois, locating in St. Joseph in 1863. After a short sojourn he went to Montgomery County, engaging in trade for a time, when he again became a resident of St. Joseph. For a time he operated a feed mill on Frederick Avenue, previous to engaging in his present business. He is a worthy and honorable citizen. Was married, July 8th, 1848, to Miss Erenstine Rusel. They have a family of four children: Emeiale, Elish., Sarah and Theophelis. Himself and family are closely identified with the Baptist Church. JOSEPH T. MARTIN, foreman of the St. Joseph Planing Mill, is a native of Maryland, and was born in Emmettsburgh, July 31, 1846. He there spent his youthful days, and resided, until the breaking out of the rebellion, when he ten- dered his services to the Confederate cause, enlisting in the Second Maryland Battalion, and served until the close of the war, participating in many stirring events, among which were the second battle of Bull Run and Antietam ; was three times wounded, once severely, and was taken prisoner at Petersburg, and held two months at Point Lookout. In 1865, he came West, taking up his abode in this city, and entered the St. Joseph Planing Mill. Being a man of mechanical inclination, he rapidly progressed, and in about two years was placed as foreman. The duties of this responsible position he has since faithfully discharged. Mr. Martin, in scroll work and ornamental designs, of which he makes a specialty, has but few equals. A large amount of this class of work, which ornaments many of the imposing structures of St. Joseph, and throughout the Northwest, are specimens of his skill. He is esteemed by a large circle of acquaintances. S. M. MARKLE, real estate agent. Few citizens of St. Joseph have attained such a wide- spread and richly deserved reputation at home and in Europe than Major Markle. He is a native of Butler County, Ohio, and was born July 15, 1830. He graduated at the Miami University, in Oxford, attending the same period that Ben Harrison, and other, now promi- nent, officials were preparing for the voyage of life. At the breaking out of the rebellion we find him in the field as First Lieutenant of the ST. JOSEPH. 829 Forty-seventh Ohio ; after a time he recruited and became Major of the Sixty-ninth. During his term of active duty he was at Pittsburg Land- ing and many other notable events. During the latter part of the war he was inspector of provisions at Cincinnati. In the spring of 1866 Mr. M. came to St. Joseph, engaging in the real estate and government claim business. He was railroad commissioner for the Denver Railway, and made the first sale of their land. In 1872, in company with Moses S. Beach, of New York, he purchased one hundred and four thousand acres of timber land in Arkansas, one of the heaviest transactions in real estate on record, and it must be conceded that it was a venture of more than ordinary consequence. The panic of 1873 coming on so affected the money market that they were obliged to keep it all entirely on their hands. They engaged in getting out large amounts of black walnut timber, and exported it to Europe, and latterly have been sup- plying the Wheeler & Wilson Sewing Machine Manufacturing Company with enormous amounts of material. Mr. Markle made three trips to Europe to make a sale of this vast domain to foreign capitalists, the first time remaining a year, the second time six months, and the last time a shorter period. He negotiated with the moneyed men of London and Glasgow, and several times was on the eve of effecting a sale, when some trifling technicality would arise and retard its progress. However, property is becoming more valuable, and in the near future will hand- somely compensate the gentlemen for their venture. Mr. Markle has been twice married, first, in 1852, to Mary R. Give, who died, leaving two children, Charlie and Effie. He was again married in 1867 to Miss Lucy G. Give, and by this marriage they have four children, Frank, Willie, Jennie, and Miner. CHRISTIAN MAST, Revenue Collector, was born October 8, 1836, in the Province of Wur- temberg, Germany, and in 1842, moved to Attenstaig, Province of Nagold, where he was raised. In 1852, he emigrated 'to America, and went to Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, where he learned the trade of printer, and remained five years. In 1857, he came to St. Joseph, remaining with his brother, Charles Mast, for six months, and in 1858 enlisted in the United States regular army, and took part with his regiment, under the command of General Albert Sidney Johnson, in the Utah campaign. At the outbreak of the civil war he returned with his regiment, and joined the army of the Potomac, and served up to 1864, when, being honorably discharged, he returned to St. Joseph, and engaged in the ice business, which he carried on successfully, and is now President of the St. Joseph Ice Company. September i, 1875, he was appointed Deputy Collector of the Sixth District of Missouri, which position he still holds. Was 830 • BIOGRAPHICAL. married, June 30, 1868, to Miss Augusta Figge, of "Waidick, Germany. They have four children: Fritz, born May 3, 1869; Ida, born June i, 1871; Josephine, born September 10, 1873; Oscar, born September 11, 1875. MAYERS & BENNETT, dealers in boots and shoes, 415 Felix Street. Among those who occupy a conspicuous place in the city's commercial circles and have contributed a full share towards its reputation, is the above firm. Mr. C. F. Mayers, the senior member, is a native of Switzerland, where he was born in 1820. He is of German and Swiss lineage, and was raised and learned the watchmaking trade in his native country. In 1848, he came to Amer- ica, and for ten years pursued his vocation as a jeweler, in the city of New York, after which he came west, and until 1870 was engaged in various pursuits in Colorado and other parts of the distant west. In that year he came to St. Joseph, where he has since been a resident, engaged in the boot and shoe trade. He js a man of clear judgment, quick com- prehension, and a close applicant to his business details. The boot and shoe house of Mayers & B. is well stocked with a line of superior goods, and their trade lucrative and steadily on the increase. They are repre- sentative gentlemen of the truest type and well merit their success. HENRY MAYER, bridge builder, house mover and contractor, was born in Sheboygan County, Wisconsin, September 7, 185 1, and was there reared and learned the carpenter's trade. His father, Joseph, was an agriculturist, and Henry spent his early days on the farm. In 1869, he came to St. Joseph. Is well known throughout Buchanan County, and has attained an enviable reputation. Was married in 1873, to Miss Maria Riter, of St. Joseph, daughter of Joseph Riter, one of the old settlers in the county. They have three children by this union — Edward, Albert J. and Josephine M. Himself and family are' members of the Catholic Church, and he belongs to the St. Francis Society. JOHN MEDLEY, salesman for W. J. Swope, was born in Madison County, Virginia, Decern-, ber 27, 1819, and at an early age removed with his parents to Missis- sippi, where he was educated and reared. His father, M. B. Medley, was a native of Madison County, Virginia,, and for thirty-eight years was a resident of the old homestead where he was born. In 1856, our subject came to Missouri, locating in Platte County, and residing there until 1863, when he took up his abode in St.. Joseph. Mr. Medley has lost two ST. JOSEPH. 831 wives, the first was Miss Caledonia Adlcins, and the second Miss Mary Byrne. By his first marriage he has one daughter, Mary. He traces his lineage to English extraction, and is possesed to a large degree with an appreciative intellect. GEORGE MEIERHOFFER, a native of Booneville, Missouri, and was born September 7, 1852. He was there raised, and learned his trade of his father, Jacob, who was the pioneer cooper of that town. George remained at home until 1869, when he came to St. Joseph, and, until 1875, worked as journeyman, when he established himself in trade, in a small way. It has been on the increase, until at present it reaches out in the distance. West and Northwest, proportionately. May 7, 1876, he married Louisa Herwig. They have three children : Nettie, Lena, and an infant. He is a member of the German Benevolent Society. C. A. MERRILL, engineer on the Hannibal and St. Joseph Railroad, was born in Andro- scoggin County, Maine, December i, 1842, and was there brought up and educated. At the breaking out of the rebellion, in 1 861, he displayed that patriotism characteristic of his native state, by enlisting in the three months' call, and. served until the close of the war. He participated in the first battle of Bull Run, was in the first expedition to the gulf, and at the capture of New Orleans, the bombardment of Fort Phillip, and also with General Banks on his famous Red River expedition. Participated in all the principal engagements in the Shenandoah Valley and the majority of the hard-fought battles of the rebellion. Passing through the usual routine of promotion, he was mustered out as a Second Lieu- tenant. He received seven wounds, some of which were painful, but none serious. He had two brothers, also in the service — David V. and Joseph S. The former was a Sergeant, and was killed at the battle of Mount Bermuda. Joseph S. was a First Lieutenant, and was discharged before the close of the war on account of wounds received while dis- charging his duty, from the effects of which he died soon after returning liome. Mr. Merrill did his part towards suppressing the rebellion, and as a testimonial. Governor Joshua Chamberlain, of Maine, presented him with a memorial, signed by the members of the Legislature, for merito- rious conduct and bravery. In 1867, he came West, locating at Hanni- bal, and engaged on the Hannibal and St. Joseph Railroad in the bridge 'department. Being a carpenter by trade, was soon superintendent of bridges, and continued in this line of work for several years, after which -he went in the train service, remaining until 1875, when he became assist- 832 BIOGRAPHICAL. ant yard master with the Kansas City, St. Joseph and Council Bluffs Railroad Company in St. Joseph, holding this position until April, 1881. Was married December 24, 1868, to Miss Josie A., daughter'of Hon. John B. Lewis, of Hannibal, Missouri, her father being a prominent attorney of that city. By this union they have one daughter — Lurah A. Mr. M. is a member of the I. O. O. F. Encampment, and the K. of P., Apollo Lodge, Hannibal. JAMES A. MILLAN, Recorder of Deeds, was born in Lancaster, Garrard County^ Kentucky, April 20th, 1826, and came to Marion County, Missouri, in 183 1. He received a good common school education in his own town, and when sixteen he was apprenticed to Jacob .Sosey, editor of the Palmyra Spec- tator, where he learned the printing trade. At the age of nineteen he went to Columbia, Missouri, and took charge of the Missouri Statesman, as foreman. In this position he remained five years, when he became one of the proprietors of the Missouri Sentinel, at that place. In 1852, he sold out the paper, and in 1853, came to St. Joseph, where he commenced the publication of the Commercial Ciycle. After publishing two years, he sold his paper, and in 1854, embarked in the dry goods trade, locat- ing on Second Street. This was the first exclusive dry goods store opened in the city. In 1856, he sold out and opened a job printing office, the first established in the city. Frank M. Posegate, who had formerly learned the printer's trade with him, was a partner in the bus- iness. He continued to run the job press until 1865, when he sold out and established the St. Joseph Vindicator, which he published for sev- eral years. After disposing of this, in 1875, he was appointed City Assessor for two years. In 1879, he was elected R.ecorder of Deeds for the county. He married Miss Mary E. Barnett, daughter of the Rev. Wm. Barnett, then of Pike County, Missouri, in October, 1852. They have four children living: Edward A., Wm. R., Mary E. and Louise W. By his energy, enterprise and uniform kindness and just dealing toward all, Mr. Millan, in every position in which he has been placed, has. secured the peoples' confidence and earned for himself an enviable reputation. MILLER & TURNER, proprietors of grocery and meat market. Mr. Turner established a meat market at this point in February, 1877. The above firm was formed April I, 1881, continuing the meat market and adding a choice line of fresh family groceries, consisting of sugar, tea, coffee, spices, canned goods, bottled goods, vegetables, etc. It is their aim to keep every- thing in season, and sell to their many kind patrons on close margins. They also have a fine line of tobacco and choice, cigars. They pay the ST. JOSEPH. ■' 833 highest price for choice butter and fresh eggs. Full weight and meas- ure is their motto. Mr. Miller was born in Germany, and emigrated to America in 1854, locating in Cleveland, Ohio. In 1858, he moved to Palermo, Kansas, and located permanently in St. Joseph in 1876. Mar- ried Miss Ellen J. Smith, in March, 1861. They have four children, all living. He is a Mason and a member of the Presbyterian Church. Mr. Turner was born in Illinois in 1847, and came to St. Joseph in 1866. In the spring of 1870, he moved to Kansas, returning to St. Joseph in 1876. He was born and raised on a farm. Was married June 23, 1873, to Miss Jane D. Vermillion, a native of New York. They had two children, one of whom died in January, 1880. Mr. T. has seen many ups and downs in life but is well satisfied with his condition. GIDEON MILES, carriage manufacturer, was born in Franklin County, Ohio, in 1839, ^nd was reared and educated in the Buckeye State. In 1863, he came West, and located in St. Joseph in 1869. In 1866, he was married to Mary E. White. They have two children, Gideon L. and Mamie E. Mr. Miles is a Mason and one of the popular citizens of the city. E. F. MITCHELL, proprietor of livery, feed and sale stable, one of the leading horse fan- ciers of Buchanan County, and one of St. Joseph's sterling business men, is our subject. He is a native of Bureau County, Illinois, and was born January 28, 1851, and was there reared. He traces his ancestry to English extraction. When our subject attained his eighteenth year, he migrated to Fairfield, Jefferson County, Iowa, engaging in the stock trade, which he continued there, for a time, and at other points, up to 1879, when he located in St. Joseph. His stable is one of the finest in all its appoint- ments to be found in the county, and Mr. Mitchell's genial qualities makes it quite a popular trading market. In 1874, he was married to Miss Mattie Johnson, of Fairfield, Iowa. They have two children : Fred, and Herbert. Mr. M. is a member of the I. O. O. F. F. L. MITCHELL, photographer, was born in Embden, Maine, September i, 1840, and when very young, drifted Westward, locating in Chicago. His father^ D. D., was a mill-wright, and saw mill man, and during later years was well known on the Mississippi. He was head sawyer for a time in a mill at Davenport, and F. L., when a boy, worked in this mill, and sawed a large portion of the timber for the Rock Island bridge. He resided at different periods in Quincy and Keokuk, and at the latter place learned 834 BIOGRAPHICAL. photographing, and conducted a gallery. In i860, he came to St. Joseph, and opened a gallery, which he conducted for a considerable length of time. During the war he went South, and was commissiond First Lieu- tenant of the First Tennessee militia, and acted as Captain. After the war he returned to St. Joseph, where he has since been in trade. Mr. Mitchell is an inventive genius, and among the various inventions he has placed before the public is a washing machine, a fire grate and a fire escape. The latter is so constructed as to be easily operated, and in case of fire in a three or four story building, would prove invaluable in life saving. It is highly indorsed by firemen. He has been a life-long worker in the temperance cause, and is a member of the I. O. of G. T. JAMES MITCHELL, Justice of the Peace, was born in Ireland, and in 1840 emigrated to America, locating in New York City. He had a good education in Ire- land. Was married to Miss Kate Mitchell in 1869, and by her had two children, both living. Mr. Mitchell left New York in 1857 for St. Louis. He served as book-keeper during his stay in that city, and in 1868 emi- grated to St. Joseph and engaged in the book business. In 1873 he became Deputy City Recorder, and in November, 1878, was elected Jus- tice of the Peace, and has held that important and responsible office ever since. He is a member of the Catholic Church. While in New York the 'Squire, in connection with Thomas Dorsey McGee, published the American Celt from 1853 to 1857. The subject of this sketch has a table in his office that was used in the Court House at Sparta. RICHARD MOORE, carpenter ; was born in England January 14, 1836, where he enjoyed the advantages of a moderate educatiort. He emigrated to America in 1851, landing in Cleveland, Ohio, from which place he went to Mt. Vernon, and thence to Kansas, where he remained for three years. He after- wards explored Montana and returned to Missouri in the fall of 1859 ; has followed carpentering ever since. He married Mary Spearman, a native of England, and they had one child, Frank A. Mrs. M. died in 1857. Mr. Moore married in 1859 Mattie Pickard, also a native of Eng- land. By this union they have five children, Fred, Harry, Nelly, and Stephen. Mr. Moore's second wife died April 6, 1876. He enlisted in the Thirteenth Kansas Regiment, Company A, for three years, and returned home safe and sound. He is an Odd Fellow. Has been suc- cessful in life, and owns the house and lot where he lives. ST. JOSEPH. 83s THOMAS D. MOORE, proprietor of sale and feed stable, is a native of Jefferson County, West Virginia, and was born March 18, 1830. In 1856, he came to Missouri, locating on Grand River, Daviess County, and engaged in farming until 1869. From that time, resided at different points until 1880, when he became a resident of St. Joseph. Mr. Moore is a steady going, unas- suming man, and is respected by all who have his acquaintance. In 1858, he was married to Miss A. B. Terrill. They have one son, Wil- liam F. GEORGE W. MORRIS, contractor and builder, is a native of Ohio, and was born March 25, 1833. Was there reared, educated and became proficient in brick masonry. He lived in Illinois for a few years, and in 1856, came to St. Joseph, and has since been a resident, with the exception of four years spent in the far West. Mr. Morris has erected many of the attractive and substantial buildings in St. Joseph, and has a good record as a contractor and builder. He was married in i860, to Miss Maggie Dillan. They have three children, Charlie, Allie and Harry. Mr. M. is an Encampment member of the I. O. O. F. WILLIAM MORRISON, of the firm of Fredericks & Morrison, contractors and builders, was born in Wilmington, Delaware, November 24, 1833, and was reared on a farm. When sixteen years of age commenced to learn the bricklayer's trade in Philadelphia, remaining there several years, after which he went to St. Paul, Minnesota, and there made his home for two years. In the spring of 1858 he took up his residence in St. Joseph. His first work in the town was on the old Court House ; also worked on the Patee House. During the war he was engaged in railroading, and for a time was located at Denver, Colorado. He has been contractor of many leading buildings in this city, and also done a large amount of building in Iowa, Nebraska, and other States. Mr. Morrison has been twice married ; first, in i860, to Miss Mary Turner. By this union they had two child- ren, Mary Agnes and John. Mrs. Morrison died in 1867. In 1872 Mrs. Liddie Southerland became his wife. Mr. M. is a Master Mason. CHARLES MOREHEAD, engineer on the St. Joseph & Western Railway, is a native of Campbell County, Kentucky, and was born April 8, 1842. His father, W. C, was a cooper by trade, and immigrated, with his family, to Quincy, Illinois, when Charles was quite young. When twelve years of age he com- 836 BIOGRAPHICAL. menced to learn engineering on the Mississippi River, in which he became quite proficient, and this he followed for a number of years. In 1865, he came to St. Joseph, and was engineer on the ferry for a time. In 1867, he was on the packet line between St. Joseph and Omaha. In 1868, was captain on the ferry at Brownsville, Nebraska, and in 1869 was on the steamer Thompson Dean, as engineer, plying between St. Louis and New Orleans. Mr. M. commenced railroading in 1870 on the M. I. & M., at Alexandria, Missouri, and in 1872, returned to St. Joseph, and was on the transfer until 1873, when he went in the employ of the St. Joseph & Denver Railroad. He is an accomplished and experienced engineer, and is held in high esteem by his employers. In 1868, Miss Gertude Spalsbury became his wife. They have one son, Harry. Mr. M. is a member of the Brotherhood of Locomotive Engineers. JOHN L. MOTTER, railroad builder, was born in Frederick County, Maryland, in 1831, and graduated from the Marshall College, Pennsylvania. He emigrated to St. Joseph, Missouri, in July, 1856. Was married to Miss Helen M. Dun- lap, in 1855, she being the daughter, of Hon. John Dunlap, a member of the State Senate. By this union they had five children, all living. Mr. Motter has been engaged in manufacturing, general merchandising, saw milling and railroading. He is a Mason and member of the Episcopal Church. He was a member of the Kansas Legislature in 1875. Mr. Motter was founder. President and Manager of the St. Joseph Glucose Works. He built the St. Joseph and Topeka Railroad, which was after- wards taken up, and he also built the St. Joseph and Des Moines Narrow Gauge Railroad to Albany. Was President and General Manager of this road, which was afterwards sold to the Chicago, Burlington and Quincy Railroad Company, by whom he was retained as Manager. JOHN MUEHLEISEN, of the firm of Muehleisen & Co., lumber merchants, was born in Wur- temberg, Germany, January 2, 1839, ^nd came to America in 1855, locat- , ing in Racine, Wisconsin. In 1861, he enlisted in Company F., Nine- teenth Volunteer Infantry, and passed through the usual routine of pro- motions, being mustered out as First Lieutenant. He participated at the long engagement at Petersburg, and many other notable events of the rebellion, and was three times wounded, once seriously, by a piece of a shell. He defended the Union cause faithfully until the close of the war, when he was honorably discharged. Returning to Racine, he soon after located in St. Joseph, and became an employe in the lumber firm of Bell & Lowell, and remained with them and their successors, for ST. JOSEPH. 837 eleven years. In the spring of 1881, the present firm was organized, which comprises Mr. M., J. L. Unangst and M. Lillig. Our subject occu- pies a front rank among the St. Joseph business men, and is well known throughout, the Northwest. He was married in 1864, to Miss Christena Gress. By this union they have three children, Flora, Minnie and Stella. CHARLES MURRAY, engineer on the Kansas City, St, Joseph and Council Bluffs Railroad, is a native of Zanesville, Ohio, and was born December 9th, 1849; was there reared and educated and commenced railroading on the Baltimore and Ohio, in the capacity of fireman, in 1867- In i868, he went on the west- ern division of the Chicago and Northwestern, remaining for a time ; thence on the Hannibal and St. Joseph, as fireman, after which we find him in the same position on the Missouri River, Fort Scott and Gulf ; here he remained five months, and served as fireman until April 3rd, 1872. April 17th, 1872, he accepted the situation of fireman on the Iron Mountain Road, remaining until October lOth, 1874, the latter part of this time being engineer. He next was on the Cairo and Fulton ; thence on the Mississippi Central, after which, for a few years, was on the Texas, International and Great Northern, and on the 28th of March, 1878, accepted his present position. He has had a wide experience in rail- roading, and is among the most trusted employees of the road. He is a member of the Brotherhood of Locomotive Firemen. E. D. NASH, grain dealer, and proprietor of St. Joseph Elevator No. i. One of the most important features of the commerce of St. Joseph is its grain trade. The largest dealer in this branch, ndt only in St. Joseph, but in the Northwest, is E. D. Nash, who came to Miss Henry, born May 18, 1876 ; Frank, born January 13, 1879. Dr. FRANCIS ARMSTRONG SIMMONS was born in Surry County, North Carolina, on the 17th day of March, 1830. His father's name was Peter Pruett Simmons. His mother's maiden name was Nancy Armstrong. His father was well off, owned an iron works, and was a merchant. His parents came to Missouri in 1841. His father died August, 1841, and his mother April, 1842. He had four sisters living then : Mary A., Sarah J., Martha D ancl Senah N. All are now living in Nebraska. He also had five brothers : Hugh A., Peter P. (who died, in 1865, in this city), James I. and Thomas A. He was mar- ried to Miss Lucy A. Holbert, in Platte County, Missouri,. May 12, 1853. Of this union he has had four daughters, and one little granddaughter. In the order of their birth, his children's names are : Flora L., now Mrs. ST. JOSEPH. 893 Jas. S. Blount, Mary E., Nannie A., and Clara Lavinia. All are now liv- ing with him, in St. Joseph. He received a collegiate education at Chapel Hill College, Lafayette County, Missouri. He studied medicine, and commenced practicing in 1855. Moved to Cass County, Nebraska, in 1856. Moved to Rochester, Andrew County, Missouri, April 26, 1864. March 12, 1879, moved to St. Joseph, Missouri, where he now lives. While living at Rochester, he was one of the founders of, and President of the Andrew County Medical Society. He is a member of the Dis- trict Medical Association of Northwest Missouri ; was one of its Vice Presidents, and represented it in the American Medical Association, that met in Farwell Hall, Chicago, Illinois, in 1877, where 760 repre- sentative men convened from all the States, and from Canada. He was a member of the State Medical Association, and was one of the found- ers and incorporators of the College of Physicians and Surgeons, of this city, and Professor of Physiology and Diseases of the Nervous System, and Clinical Lecturer on the General Diseases of Women, for nearly two years, in this institution. After severing his connection with this school, last January, he became one of the organizers and incorporators of the Northwestern Medical College, and is now President of, and Professor of the Theory and Practice of Medicine, in this college. While living at Rochester, he urged the necessity of the publication of a medical journal in this city, and partly through his influence the St. Jos^h Medi- cal and ^Surgical Reporter was started, edited by Dr. J. P. Chesney, in July, 1880. He contributed to this journal articles upon cerebral anae- mia of infants, headaches, and about doctors. He has been a large con- tributor to other medical journals, upon various subjects, and has been an active worker in the transactions of all the medical societies with which he has been connected. He has by earnest work and constant study endeavored to keep well up with the progress of the profession.. He is extensively acquainted throughout the Northwest and with the rise and progress of the Platte Purchase. He saw this city rise from an Indian trading post, a mere village, and attire herself in the beauty and gradeur of the " Queen City of the West." I" E. SLEPPY, master mechanic for the St. Joseph & Western Railroad Company, is a native of Pennsylvania, and was born in Wilkesbarre, Luzerne County, April II, 1833. He received the benefits of the contimon schools, and attended Danas academy six months. He was employed for a time as brakeman on the Pennsylvania Coal Company Railroad. In 1852 he was rodman on the survey of the Northern Pennsylvania 'Railroad. He learned the machinist trade in the shops of the Beaver Meadow Rail- road, and in 1854 the West attracted his attention and he came to 894 BIOGRAPHICAL. Springfield, Illinois, and afterwards to Alton. Returning East in 1856, he was in tllle employ of the Lake Shore Railroad at White Haven in 1857; came West again, and in 1858 located in St. Joseph, and was employed on the Hannibal & St. Joseph Railroad as engineer, continu- ing until 1861, when he was for a time connected with the Platte Country Railroad. From that time until 1871 he was assistant master mechanic of the Hannibal & St. Joseph. In that year he joined his present com- pany. Mr. 'Sleppy is a finished workman and keeps pace with tho mechanical world. He is one of the original stockholders and vice- president of the St. Joseph Steam Printing Company, one of the most creditable industries in the city. He is also a member of the firm of E. Davis & Co., druggists, corner Tenth and Olive. For two terms he was a member of the St. Joseph school board. Miss C. Balentine, of Penn- sylvania, became his wife. By this union they have six children, E. W., Emma C, Mary F., Willie E., Carrie, Nellie M. » FREDERICK W. SMITH, -was born in Prussia, October 3, 1815. • He received his early education in his native town, and afterwards entered a military academy, where he was engaged as a civil engineer. When eighteen years of age he emi- grated to. America. Landing in New York in 1833, he remained there almost a year, and then removed to New Orleans, where he was employed in a cotton press. Owing to the breaking out of yellow fever in that city, he embarked on the Mississippi River, and came to St. Louis, where soon after his arrival he was appointed Deputy City Surveyor. In 1838, or 1839, he left St. Louis for the Platte Purchase, and. settled at Black- snake Hills (now St. Joseph). Here he engaged in farming and survey- ing, having made the original maps of St. Joseph, and nartied it after the founder of the city, Joseph Robidoux. Mr. Smith pre-empted 160 acres of land, upon which the city now stands, and which has been divided and subdivided and sold at different times. Mr. Smith was a Captain of the militia for a number of years, and was afterwards made a Major of the State Volunteers. He was appointed the first Postmaster of the City of St. Joseph. In 1861, he was elected Mayor of the City. His last office was that of Judge of the Buchanan County Court, his term ending in 1876. He married Miss Jane Tolin, of Davis County, Missouri, in 1843. They have three children, Frederick, Augustus M., and a daugh- ter, the wife of John A. Duncan, of Kansas City. O. M. SMITH, merchant, was born in Maryland, September, 1836, and came to St. Joseph in i860, where he at once engaged in mercantile business. He ST. JOSEPH. 895 was very successful, gaining the confidence and good will of the people iby his fair dealing and affable manners. He continued in business for :seventeen years, being one of the few who did so uninterruptedly through ithe war. He sold out his business in 1878, since which period he has .devoted his time to real estate transactions, the settling of estates, ;as administrator, and various other kinds of business. He has accumu- lated a competency, has a fine house, hosts of friends, and enjoys the con- fidertce and respect of his neighbors. He married Miss Jane E. Ivery, in St. Joseph, May 27, 1862. She was from Cambria County, Pennsyl- vania. They have one daughter, Mary C, born September 13, 1864. C. D. SMITH Tvas born in Virginia, April 22, 1807, and emigrated to Boohville, Cooper County, Missouri, in 1838, where he worked at tanning for two years. He then moved to the neighborhood of Otterville, where he carried on tanning, making a new and complete tan yard, which he operated for about twelve years. In 1856 he quit the tanning business and went to farming. He remained on a farn/ until 1869, when he sold out and moved to Otterville, where he lived with his son-in-law, Mr. T. V. Ellis, nearly twelve years. During 1861 he took to his bed with chronic rheumatism, and was not out of bed for three years. Ever since he has walked on •crutches. He sustained loss by the war, in negroes and stock, to the ■amount of about $2,000. His son, C. Q. Smith, was in the Confederate service about two years, and was under General Cockerel, and taken pris- oner and put in prison at St. Lous. His sister, Mrs. Ellis, secured his release. Mr. Smith was married November, 1835, to Miss Mary A. Thompson, a native of Virginia. She had seven children, one died in infancy. The others are alive and doing well, and all married except the youngest daughter. He is a member of the Missionary Baptist Church, and has donated toward building several churches. He has never regretted moving to Missouri, where he has had nothing to encoun- ter except that which is incident to pioneer life. Mr. Smith, although a cripple, is cheerful and happy, truly resigned to his condition, and does jiot utter a single complaint. A. T. SMITH, -of the firm of Smith, Frazer & Co., wholesale dealers in boots and shoes, was born August 14, 1839, in Cooper County, Missouri. Up to the age of fifteen he worked on a farm and in a tanyard. In 1866, he commenced clerking for H. K. Judd & Co., and in 1869 engaged, in the wholesale boot and shoe business. Mr. Smith married Miss Louise Wise, a native of Missouri, May 13, 1873. She was born in St. Louis, December 25, 896 BIOGRAPHICAI.. 1848, and was raised in San Francisco, California. They have one child" — George A., born September 6, 1878. Mrs. S. is a member of the Epis- copal Church. Mr. Smith has assisted liberally in building churches and school houses. He lost considerably by the late war. He has all through life extended a helping hand to the needy and unfortunate. Mr. Smith is one of the fortunate business men of St. Joseph, starting out in life a poor boy. He has achieved a success in business which ranks him finan- cially with the representative wholesale merchants of the city. J. M. SMITH, of the firm of J. M. Smith & Co., dealers in staple and fancy groceries,, foreign and domestic fruits and Dozier & Weyl Cracker Co. crackers and fancy buiscuits, was born in Virginia in 183^, where he received good common school advantages. Emigrated to Indiana in 1854, locat- ing in Perryyjlle, Vermillion County. Here he followed general mer- chandising. From thence he moved to Terre Haute in 1876, and trav- eled for Hulman & Cox, wholesale grocers. In 1880, he emigrated tO' St. Joseph and engaged in the above named business, in a room 22x140- feet, two stories high and cellar, giving employment to five men. At. the breaking out of the civil war he enlisted in the One Hundred and Fifteenth Indiana. Volunteer Infantry, under Colonel Lew Wallace- Entering the service as a private, he came out as first lieutenant on Gen- eral Smith's staff Was in the service two and a half years. He has five children living and doing well : Harry A., Lewis W., Lenora, Doyne and Kate H. Is a Mason and Knight of Pythias. A. M. SMITH & CO., proprietors of Excelsior Soap Works and manufacturers of Turkish- White, and other celebrated brands of soap. Among the representative manufacturing industries of the Northwest, the above firm occupies a front rank. It is composed of Dr. A. M. Smith, of Nebraska City, and L. L. McBride, of St. Joseph. The latter is thoroughly conversant with the soap trade, and has charge of the works. The superiority of their celebrated Turkish White, and toilet brands is well known far and near,, and their trade is constantly on the increase, extending throughout the adjoining states and territories. Few enterprises in St. Joseph are more favorably known abroad. G. T. SMITH, dealer in White sewing machines, was born in Muskingum, Ohio, June 20, 1846. His father, Thomas, was an agriculturist and a native of the Buckeye State. When G. T. was in his tenth year he removed with his; ST. JOSEPH. 897 parents to Cincinnati, where he resided until 1864, when he enlisted in Company I, Eleventh Ohio Cavalry. Was in the Army of the Plains, at Ft. Laramie and other points in the West, serving until July, 1866, when he was honorably discharged. Returning to Ohio, he located in Vinton County, and for five years was engaged in merchandising at Eagle Mills. Thence he removed to Hamilton, Caldwell County, Mis- souri, where he was engaged in the furniture business until 1877, when he came to St. Joseph, and has since been engaged in the sewing machine business. He controls four counties, and being a first-class salesman, combined with the unquestioned merits of the White machine, does a large business. Was married, in 1872, to Miss C. E. Bray, of Ohio. They have had four children, three of whom are living: Melville, Alice and Clyde. Nora died in August, 1874. Mr. S. is a member of the I. O. O. F., and also the A. O. U. W. F. L. SOMMER, of the firm of F. L. Sommer & Co., manufacturers of fine crackers and confectionery, and wholesale dealers in fruits, nuts, etc., was born and received his elementary and business education in West Virginia. He left his native home in 1869, and settled in St. Joseph. His first experi- ence there was in the capacity of clerk for the firm of Townsend & Wood, in whose employ he remained till 1873, when he first attempted his present business, then on a comparatively small scale. Few men in legitimate business in the West have met with more signal and rapid success. The building occupied by the sales room, office and ware rooms .includes four stories and measures forty by one hundred and fortj^ feet. The factory, which also includes four floors, is sixty by one hun- dred and forty feet. It affords employment to from seventy-five to one hundred hands, exclusive of the twelve traveling men constantly on the road. The business of this house amounted in 1873, to $50,000. In 1880, the same amounted to $400,000. It extends over a great part of Missouri, Iowa, Nebraska, Kansas, Texas and Dakota Territory. The firm manufactures its own packing boxes and barrels ; this department of the business alone affording constant employment to eight men. In, 1873, F. L. Sommer was married to Miss Carrie Finger. They have had four children, three of whom are living. PHILIP SOMMER, is a popular representative of the drug trade in St. Joseph. He is a Vir- ginian by birth, and became proficient in pharmacy in the City of Wheeling. His store is centrally located, and he being the most genial of gentlemen, does a lucrative business. He is a member, of the I. O.. 0. F. 898 BIOGRAPHiCAL. S. H. SOMMERS, was born June 22, 18 18, in Schoharie County, New York, where he was raised. In 1849, he went to Albany, and there became connected with a railroad company as pattern maker, car builder, and also in locomotive work. In 1854, he went to Bloomington, Illinois, where he carried on the same business for two years. Attracted by the news of the West,, he went to Geary. City, Kansas, where he staid one year. In 1857, he came to St. Joseph, and opened the Merchants' Hotel, which he conducted with great success. In 1878, he sold out to Mr. Wagner, who changed the name of the hotel to Atlantic Hotel, and Mr. S. retired from busi- ness. He was married in 1835, to Miss Charlotte Amy Riltse, of New York. They have had twelve children, Gertrude L. born October 22, 1836, married S. L. Bean, August i, 1854, and died July 22, 1868 ; Charlotte M., born May 12, 1839, married George Fanning, July 12, i860 ; Irvin J. born June' 16, 1842 ; Alzina, born September 7, 1844, died May 27, 1847; Alvina, born November 6, 1847, married to George H. Packard, Decem- ber 30, 1879; Anliza, born September 7, 1851, died May 10, 1852; Estela and Arbel, twins, born June 10, 1855, Estela died October 12, and Arbel died November S, 1855 ; Howard, born September 2, 1858, ■died August 2, 1859 > Adia and Idea, twins, born May 8, i860, both died ■September 18, i860; Emma, born August 7, 1862, died May 12, 1863. W. L. SOMMER, foreman and manager of F. L. Sommer & Co.'s Cracker Factory, is a native of Pennsylvania, and was born in Philadelphia July 16, 1853. At an early age he remove with his parents to Wheeling, Virginia, residing there for a number of years, and also, for a time, lived in Columbus, Ohio. In 1868, he became a resident of St. Joseph. He was married, in 1876, to Miss Eliza Bowen. They have two children, Beatrice and (Gertrude. OSCAR SORGE, "baker and dealer in groceries, is a native of Saxon, Germany, and was born August 12, 1829. He was there reared, educated and learned the harness making trade, and came to America in 1854, locating in New Jersey, where he resided two years ; thence to Illinois, locating in White- sides County, for a time, after which he came to Farmington, Van Buren County, Iowa, and there lived until 1861. He enlisted in Company B, Third Iowa Cavalry, was elected sergeant, and passed through the usual routine of promotion and was honorably discharged as First Lieutenant. He participated in the battles of Pea Ridge, Helena (Arkansas), and all Ihe principal engagements of the Potomac, and served until the rebel- ST. JOSEPH. 899 lion was suppressed. He returned to St. Louis and then went to Tren- ton, Grundy County, Missouri, and engaged in the hotel business, keep- ing the Bismarck House for four years ; also kept the Palace Hotel at Gallatin, Missouri. He next engaged in the hotel business at Atchison, Kansas, and was burned out, which proved disastrous financially. Came to St. Joseph in January, 1880, worked at the harness making trade for Mr. Landis and Mr. Haspel, and in June, 1880, engaged in trade. He was married in 1857 to Miss Elizabeth Shaffer. They have seven child- ren, Annie, Bertha, Lena, Dora, Minnie, Laura, and Blanche. Mr. S. was an Encampment Odd Fellow, and was a charter member of Grand River Lodge No. 53, of Trenton, Missouri. J. H. SOUTHWORTH, engineer with Louis Hax, was born in Orleans County, New York, Octo- ber 12, 1838, and there raised to manhood, educated, and learned the carpenter trade. Darius, his father, also pursued that vocation. In 1864, our subject removed to Grand Rapids, Michigan. Being of a mechanical turn of mind, he adapted himself to and learned engineer- ing. After remaining three years, he located at Whitewater, Wiscon- sin, in the capacity of engineer in the paper mill, which was soon after demolished by fire, when, upon its being rebuilt, Mr. S. took the same position, and remained in Whitewater four years. In 1871, he went to Nebraska, and engage in farming, which undertaking proved somewhat disastrous, on account of the grasshoppers. In 1875, he came to this city, but previous to coming here, was engineer in a mill at Hiawatha. He has been in the employ of L. Hax for five years. In May, 1869, he was married to Miss Jennie M. Penny, of Whitewater, Wisconsin. They have one child, J. D., and one adopted. Amy Belle. Mr. S. is a member of the I. O. O. F. D. L. SOUTHWORTH, blacksmith, was born in Medina, New York, September 27, 1836, and was there reared, educated and learned the blacksmith's trade. In 1864, lie went to Grand Rapids, Michigan, and for four years worked as a journeyman, after which he returned to New York and for several years did business in Medina. Was also for a couple of years in Knowlesville. Came to St. Joseph in December, 1880, engaging in trade. Is a practi- cal workmen in all branches. Was married, in 1859, to Miss J. P. Mor- gan, of New York. They have one daughter, Minnie. J. L. SPALDING, engineer on the K. C, St. J. & C. B. R. R., was born in Claremont, Sulli- van County, New Hampshire, August 30, 1833. His father, Sanford Spald- ing, was a hxmex in that state, and his grandfather, Dyer Spalding, was 900 BIOGRAPHICAL. a Lieutenant in the Revolutionary War, under Ethan Allen. Our sub- ject, when seventeen years of age, commenced railroading as fireman on the Vermont Central, continuing until 1853, the latter part of the time being engineer. In that year he came to Ohio, and engaged as an engi- neer in the construction of the Ohio Central Railroad for eighteen months. In the fall of 1854, he went on the C, R. I. & P. R. R., and in 1855 we find him with the Illinois Central as engineer, and with this company he remained for over a quarter of a century, being in their employ until March, 1881. Then commenced work for the K. C, St. J. & C. B. R. R. Although but a short time in St. Joseph, Mr. S. has gained the esteem of all who have formed his acquaintance. Was married in i860, to Miss Ruth Hiles, a native of England. They have one son — James S. — a promising young man, who is a telegraph operator, at Am- boy, Illinois. Mr. S. is a member of the Brotherhood of Locomotive Engineers, and is a Master Mason. SPALSBURY BROS., dealers in stoves, tinware and hardware. O. M. Spalsbury is a native of New York, and was born in 1849. At an early age he removed from the Empire State to Michigan, where he. was raised and educated. In 1863, for a time, he was a resident of Chicago, after which he emigrated to Kansas, coming to St. Joseph in 1865, and has since principally made it his home. For a time he was in the lumber trade at Hiawatha, Kansas, and Maryville, Missouri. In the autumn of 1877 he engaged in his present business. He is a member of the Mason's Blue Lodge. E. A. Spalsbury is a native of Jefferson County, New. York, and was born in 1855. ,He came to Missouri with his parents, taking up his abode in St. Joseph, and here he was raised and educated. He is numbered among the popular and promising young men of the city. JAMES M. SPANGLER, foreman with R. K. Allen, was born in Clay County, Missouri, March 24, 1845. His father, William H. was among the early settlers in the state, and of Clay County. Our subject was raised and learned his trade in Ray, Andrew and DeKalb Counties. He was a resident of Savannah and Andrew County, for thirteen years. In 1863, he enlisted in the Union cause in Company M, Ninth Missouri Cavalry, serving in the capacity of Corporal for two years. In 1879, he took up his residence in St. Joseph, and has since been in the employ of R. K. Allen. He is one of the most thoroughly skilled workmen in the city, and favorably known among the mechanics. He was married in 1865, to Miss Agnes Elliott, of Savannah. They have four children, Charles E., Carrie, Gertrude and Louie. Mr. S. is a member of the I. O. O. F. ST. JOSEPH. 901 O. M. SPENCER, Jr., was born on the 23d day of August, 1850, in Missouri, and is the son of O. M. Spencer, who emigrated from the State of Kentucky and located on the Platte Purchase in 1846. He passed his boyhood days, until he arrived at the age of eighteen, upon a farm, at which time he laid aside the implements of husbandry and left the labors of the field in order to enter the public schools of St. Joseph, where he fitted himself for col- lege. He afterwards attended Christian University, where he graduated in 1872 with the second honors, and by virtue of those honors was rep- resentative of the class. Having chosen the profession of law for his avocation in life, he entered the office of a distinguished attorney in Leavenworth, Kansas, where he pursued his legal studies until he was admitted to the bar. In order to become still more proficient and to gain that scientific knowledge of the fundamental principles of the com- mon law which distingushes the true lawyer, he entered the law depart- ment of Harvard College, and completed his education under the instruction of those -venerable and profound expounders of the law. With a mind full of learning and a future full of promise, he returned to his favorite city of the West, and located in the practice of his profes- sion, and shortly after he met the accomplished Miss Lillian Tootle, whom, in the winter of 1875, he led to the marriage altar. ' In 1880 came the interesting election of officers for the Twelfth Judicial Circuit and for the county of Buchanan. Mr. Spencer >vas nominated on the Dem- ocratic ticket for Prosecuting Attorney, and after an exciting contest was elected to that position, which he now holds, and the duties of which he performs to the satisfaction of all but the criminals. C. G. STALL, was born in Somerset County, Pennsylvania, May 7, 1829. He was the last child but one of a family of six sons and three daughters, all but one of whom, a brother, are living. He was educated in his native county, and soon after leaving school engaged in railroading in Mis- souri and other western states, and in hotel keeping. April- 16, 1877, he took charge of the Saunders^ House in St. Joseph. The reputation of this well-known hotel he has continued to sustain, and it is now (1881) recognized as one of the best kept and most popular houses in this sec- tion of country. DUDLEY M. STEELE, was born in Jessamine County, Kentucky, February 18, 1821. His mother died when he was quite young, and when sixteen he buried his father. By this time he had a good English and fair classical education, 902 BIOGRAPHICAL. and commenced clerking in a wholfesale and retail dry goods house in Lexington, Kentucky. His health becoming impaired, and having heard glowing accounts of the rich Platte purchase, and of Missouri, he in the spring of 1842 started on horseback for the West. At Louisville he took passage for St. Louis and thence to Columbia, Missouri, where he spent several days with a relative, David S. Lamb, and proceeded to what was then Robidoux Landing, now St. Joseph. Captivated by the fertility of the soil, he purchased land five miles east of Savannah, and became a farmer. In August, 1848, he was married to Miss Mary E. Mitchum, formerly of Woodford County, Kentucky. Mrs. Steele died in 1849. In the fall of 1849 he enga.ged in merchandising in St. Joseph. He subse- quently determined to visit California, and in the spring of 1850 started with an ox team and small herd of cattle to cross the plains. The Indians were numerous, and frequently troublesome, and emigrants therefore traveled in companies sufficiently strong for self-protection. A company of twenty men and ten wagons, principally from Andrew County, was formed, and Mr. Steele was selected as the manager. They traveled with but few adventures. Mr. Steele, desirous of visiting Salt Lake, arranged a series of signals by which he could join the train west of that point, and in company with a Mr. McClain, started on horseback for the great Salt Lake Valley, where they spent two weeks. They joined their comrades as arranged, having successfully traversed that wild Indian country a distance of five hundred miles. They arrived at their destination after a four months' journey, and Mr. Steele immedi- ately engaged in the stock business. In the spring of 1852 Mr. Steele formed a co-partnership with Messrs. McCord, Nave, and Clark, under the firm name of Steele, McCord & Co. This firm afterwards became one of the most prominent as dealers in and raisers of American stock in Upper California. In 1856 Mr. Steele was elected by the counties of Colusa and Tehama to represent them in the California State Legisla- ture, receiving the largest Democratic vote ever cast in the district. He continued in the California cattle trade until 1857, during which time he crossed the plains three times in a " prairie schooner," and made nine trips across the Isthmus, sometimes by the Panama, and at others by the Nicaragua route. In 1857 he returned to St. Joseph, where the mem- bers of the firm of Steele, McCord & Co, entered the wholesale grocery trade, under the firm name of Nave, McCord & Co. In May 1858 Mr. Steele was married to Miss Eliza May, of Washington County, Ken- tucky, by whom he had two children, who were left motherless by the death of Mrs. Steele in the spring of 186 1. In consequence of the dis- turbed state of the country during the civil war, Nave, McCord & Co. deemed it advisable to move part of their goods to Omaha, then a small village. Mr. Steele took the management of this consignment, and of the branch house shortly afterwards established there. In the spring of ST. JOSEPH, 905 • 1862 he again visited California to close up the unsettled business of Steele, McCord & Co., and remained there till September, 1863, when he returned to St. Joseph and again resumed his active interest in the grocery trade, which he continued until 1867. In March, 1868, he was married to Miss Minnie Withers, of Clay County, Missouri. In June of the same year he was elected president of the St. Joseph Fire and Marine Insurance Company, to which position he was re-elected in iS6g-'70. During the same time he was the vice-president and manager of the Merchants' Insurance Company of St. Joseph, and conducted the business of both companies in the same office. In the fall of 1868 Mr. Steele formed a partnership in the wholesale grocery business with Sam- uel R. Johnson, of Council Bluffs. In 1870 he was elected president of the St. Joseph & Denver City Railroad, and re-elected in 1871. The pressure of business was so great that he on September 13, 1870, resigned the presidency of the St. Joseph Fire and Marine Insurance Company, and in November, 1872, after one hundred and fifty miles of the railroad had been built under his management, resigned his position as president. In 1872 he was elected president of the Merchants'. Insur- anpe Company of St. Joseph. In 1873 Mr. Steele, W. B. Kemper and others entered the wholesale grocery trade^ under the firm name of D. M.Steele & Co. In 1876 he was elected president of the St. Joseph Board of Trade. The same year he was elected a director of the St. Joseph Bridge Company, and re-elected in 1877. Mr. Steele was born and brought up in the Presbyterian faith, and has been a constant sup- porter of and general attendant upon the services of that denomination. N. STEEN. carpenter and builder, was born in Buffalo, New York, October 28, 1837, and removed to Wisconsin with his parents at an early age, locating in Waukesha County, where he was raised to manhood, educated and learned his trade. At the breaking out of the war he enlisted in Com- pany F, Fifth Wisconsin,, and was soon promoted to first sergeant. Was at the -engagements of Peach Orchard, Williamsburg, White Oak ' Swamp, Fredericksburg, Antietam, and all the general engagements of the Potomac. Was slightly wounded, and for six weeks was an occu- pant of Libby Prison. Was in New York City during the riots, going there from Gettysburg. Was honorably discharged at the expiration of his term, and returned to Wisconsin, and after a short sojourn came to to St. Joseph. Was married, in Wisconsin, in 1864, to Miss Susan Sceets. They have a family of five children, Nellie, Susan, May, Ada and Wil- liam Irving. Mr. Steen has contributed an ample share towards the cause of the Union, and as a mechanic and citizen occupies a front rank. 904 BIOGRAPHICAL. FRED STEFFEN, ' carpenter, was born in Prussia, Germany, April 22, 1855, and came to the United States when young, his father, Carl, taking up his abode in St. Joseph. He is well known in this city as a dairyman. Fred was here reared, and learned his trade. For a number of years he was in the employ of the K. C. Railroad, in the capacity of bridge builder. He is among the well known mechanics of the city. J. O. STEPHENS, restaurateur and proprietor of fish, oyster and produce market, was born in Monroe County, Indiana, November 20, 1844. His father, David, was a circuit minister of the Methodist denomination, and migrated from Ohio to Indiana at an early day, and was also closely identified with the educational interests of that locality up to the time of his demise, which occurred when J. O. was quite young. His grandfather, John, was a soldier in the war of 18 12, and he was born in Boonsborough, Kentucky, in 1781. He married a sister of Daniel Boone, and migrated to Ohio, in 1801, locating near where the City of Columbus now stands. J. O.'s mother was again married, and with them he lived until fourteen years of age, tilling the soil. Then came west, and located in Nebraska, and after a short sojourn, returned to Indiana for a time. Subsequently he located in Doniphan County, Kansas, residing there until December 12, 1862, when he enlisted in Company E, Twenty-fifth Missouri Volun- teer Infantry. Was at the battle of Shiloh and many other stirring events ; served three years and seven months, when he was honorably discharged, and returned to Doniphan County. For a time he was engaged in merchandising, at Wathena and Troy, and came to St. Joseph in the autumn of 1865. Embarked in the fish and oyster business, after- wards in butchering, eventually turning his attention to his present vocation. In 1866, he married Miss Sarah J. Dinkle. Mr. Stephens has built up a large and lucrative business by sagacity and fair dealing. W. F. STEPHENS, merchant, the subject of this notice, is a native of Randolph County, Missouri, and was born April 2, 1842. When three years of age he removed to Callaway County, with his parents, and there resided a few years, when the family located in Andrew County, remaining six years, thence to Buchanan County. During the war our subject was engaged in freighting in the West, and for two years was a resident of Kansas. He engaged in his present business in March, 1880, and carries a well ^elected stock of goods, and by square dealing and his affable demeanor has built up a substantial business. In the spring of 1867, Miss Margaret ST. JOSEPH. 905 p. Maxwell became his wife. They have five children, John, Tabitha, MoUie, Frank and Jessie. JOSEPH STEMLER, tarpenter and builder, is one of the leaders in- this important industry. He was born in Gasconade County, Missouri, July 25, 1853, and removed to St. Joseph at an early age. His father, John T., who was a carpenter, here engaged at his trade. Joseph was here raised and learned his trade, and is now an accomplished mechanic. Was married December 31, 1880, to Miss Minnie Breuninger, of St. Joseph. WILLIAM STEWART, foreman for J. W. Ambrose & Co., was born in Salisbury, Connecticut, June 21, 1814, and, upon becoming of age, he went to Wilbraham, Mas- sachusetts, where he received the benefits of a good education. After this, he went to Pittsford, Vermont, and learned the moulder's trade, and then went to Plymouth, Vermont, and worked at his trade seven years. Thence to Providence, Rhode Island, remaining about two years, having the management of the shops. He next returned to Vermont, and for ^ight years had charge of the shops at Windsor. For six years he was foreman in the foundry of Hartshorn & Ames, at Nashua, New Hamp- shire, after which, in company with two other gentlemen, he engaged in the foundry business at South Reading, Massachusetts. It was finally converted into a joint stock company, and Mr. Stewart continued in the capacity as foreman for six years. He next went to Connecticut, staying for a time, after which he entered the foundry of Morrison & Colwell, at Troy, New York, as foreman, remaining three years. He filled the same position with Wager & Fales for several years ; that company eventu- ally dissolved, and he continued to hold the same situation with Mr. Fales for five years. Subsequently he came to Rock Island, Illinois, and for one year was foreman in tbe stove works, in that city. Returned to Troy, and, in 1878, came to St. Joseph, and entered the employ of J. W. Ambrose & Co. as foreman. Mr. S. has been a forensan for thirty-five years, and is thoroughly conversant with the general details of foundry work. He has been twice married : First, to Miss Clara Pollard, of Ver- mont ; she died June 11, 1879, leaving two sons, W. J. and Ge,orge P. In the autumn of 1880, Mrs. Mary J. Reed became his wife. He is a Master Mason. CHRISTOF STEINBRENNER, farmer, section 26, post office St. Joseph, was born in Germany, Novem- ber 16, 1833, and received a good education. He came to America, April 15, 1853, locating in Cleveland, Ohio, where he learned the black- 56 906 BIOGRAPHICAL. smith trade and followed it for a livelitiood. In 1861, he emigrated to Buchanan County, since which time he has farmed. By his own industry he has secured seventy acres of land, all under fence and in a good state of cultivation. Was married, October 17, 1858, to Miss. Lizzie Wiess, who was born in Germany,- December 31, 1834. They have a family of five children : Phillip, born September 18, i860, died May 21, 1868; George, born October 25, 1862; John A., born November 30, 1864; Frederick and Lotta, twins, born June 22, 1866; William, born April 19, 1871! Mr. S. is a member of Humboldt Lodge No. 130 L O. O. F., and also belongs to the Cumberland Presbyterian Church. He is a school trustee. His mother-in-law lives with him. She was born in Germany, November 10, 1800, and had a common school education. Was married in 1824, to Jacob Wiess. They had five children: Amos, Charlotta, Phil- lip, Elizabeth and John. Her husband died in 1876. They lived a happy life and celebrated their golden wedding before his death. The old lady is healthy and active and would walk to St. Joseph if the family would let her. THEODORE STEINACKER, County Surveyor, was born in St. Louis, in May, 1853, and came to this city in 1858. Attended the Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute in Troy, N. Y., in 1873, ^i^d received a finished education in civil engineering and surveying, and in 1880 was elected County Surveyor. His superior qualifications and strict attention to business of the county is a guar- antee that the people's interests will not be neglected. PHILIP STIMMEL, manager of the St. Joseph branch of B. D. Buford & Go's agricultural implement works, is a native of Pennsylvania, and originally did busi- ness in Philadelphia, where he received an excellent commercial educa- tion. He has been twelve years in the agricultural implement business, a calling in which he is thoroughly versed. He was formerly connected with an agricultural house established in St. Joseph in 1870, and con- ducted under the firm name of Buford & Warren. On the death of Cap- tain Warren, which occurred in a railroad accident, September, 1875, this firm was dissolved,- but the business has since continued to be conducted by the original house, and managed in St. Joseph by Mr. Philip Stimmel, whose excellent business qualifications, and great personal popularity have contributed in no small degree to extend the territory of its pat- ronage. Basic D. Buford, the head of the firm of B. D. Buford & Co., Rock Island, Illinois, one of the largest manufacturing concerns in the West, is a member of the well known Kentucky family of Bufords. He moved to Rock Island when a small boy, and is now about forty-five ST. JOSEPH. 907 years of age. Th« establishment of which he constitutes the head does an annual business of one million and a half of dollars. Besides the branch house managed in St. Joseph by Mr. Stimmel, and which alone does an annual business of two hundred thousand dollars, there are other branches of this immense business in St. Louis, Kansas City and St. Paul. The celebrated Rock Island plow works of D. B. Buford & Co., turn out Clipper plows, Buford-Brown sulky and gang plows. Black Hawk and Defiance cultivators, etc. L. S. STIGERS, architect, a pioneer in this branch, is the subject. Was born in Greene County, Pennsylvania, February 27, 1817, and when young migrated to Ohio with his parents, where he was reared, educated and learned the carpenter's trade, at Mt. Vernon, Kent County. Followed his vocation there until 1844, when he came to St. Joseph, and rented a residence' and commenced business as a builder. Drafted the plans and built the Patee House, and many other buildings which to-day are old landmarks. For a time he was in partnership with F. R. Bcettner, and a fair specimen of their architectural skill is the Market House, Saxton & Russell's build- ing, occupied by Baldwin, the jeweler, A. N. Shuster's residence and numerous store buildings and residences. Mr. Stigers superintended the erecting of Asylum No. 2. In the private and business walks of life he commands the respect of a large circle of acquaintances. Was married on the 28th of November, 1840, to Miss Harriet Gooding, of St. Clair County, Illinois. She was born June 11, 1815, and died May 25, 1874, leaving five children, of whom four are living — Mary E., born Septem- ber 24, 1841 ; Robert G., born March 16, 1845 ; Laura B., born June 14, 1849, and died September 21, 1850; Qrren and Warren, (twins), born June 4, 1852. JAMES A. STORM was born in Emmittsbufg, Fredericks County, Maryland, June 26," 1823, and was there reared, educated and became proficient in architecture, his father, James, being a prominent member of the profession in that state. In 1846, James A. removed to Baltimore, where he remained engaged in his profession and building until 1850, when he took up his abode at Berkeley Springs, Virginia, where he followed contracting and building, and he also became proprietor of a livery stable. To him much credit is due for giving the locality of Berkeley Springs the reputation it > afterwards attained as a watering place. There he constructed and oper- ated swimming pools and a ten-pin alley, and was general manager of amusement. Mr. David H. Crawther, well known as a correspondent for Harper's Magazine, under the nom de plume of Port Crayon, was 908 BIOGRAPHICAL. associated with him for a time in this business. In 1857, Mr. Storm settled in St. Joseph. He drafted the design and superintended the building of the Pacific House. Was also superintendent of construction of the Buchanan County Court House and other important structures in St. Joseph. For a considerable length of time he was a partner in con- tracting and building with John C. Evans, the style being Storm & Evans. In 1862, they dissolved partnership, and Mr. S. turned his attention to the manufacture of ox yokes, tents, and necessaries for outfitting adven- turers for the West, j His establishment was what is known as the St. Joseph planing mill. Also manufactured extensively the old-fashioned spinning wheel, looms, etc. In 1865, he sold out to DeClue & Shivel, and for one season, in company with W. Angelo Powell, conducted a real estate and architect's office. His next move was to engage in the fruit and produce business, which so rapidly increased that he was obliged to open a branch house at Omaha to accommodate his western trade. During one summer he shipped upwards of 30,000 bushels of apples and other products in proportion. In 1867, he opened a house and made a specialty of buying and selling game. He has done much toward improving the breeds of fowls, and in this important branch has achieved a wide reputation. Is the inventor of a fountain for the benefit of the breeders of fowls that will keep water from freezing in winter and keep it cool in summer. On this he was awarded the highest prize at the Centennial. Is a member of the State Horticultural Society and of the Missouri Valley Horticultural Society. Mr. Storm is a man of con- siderable taste in antiquarian curiosities, and is the possessor of a rare collection of ancient coins. and fossils. Was married in 1844, to Miss Margaret A. Baumgardner, at Emmittsbiirg, Maryland. They have had seven children — John F, (now Deputy Assessor in St. Louis), James A., Joseph A., Charlie K., William M. and Louisa M., living ; and Mary A., deceased. WILLIAM STRIBLEN was born in the City of Cassel, Electorate of Hessen-Cassel', Germany, on the i6th of May, 1837, where his father held an official position in the civil service. After receiving a liberal education, William set out for the United States, arriving at New Orleans, Louisiana, on January i, 1850. He then went to St. Louis, Missouri, and at once entered the drug busi- ness, paying close attention to pharmacy and chemistry. In March, 1853, he removed to Cincinnati, clerked several years in the drug busi- ness, in that city, afterwards at Indianapolis, Indiana, Covington, Ken- tucky, and Chicago, Illinois, until January, 1857, when he started West, landing in Keokuk, Iowa, where he established his own drug store. He continued to practice his profession until the war of the rebellion broke out in 1 86 1, when he enlisted in the United States army, was promoted ST. JOSEPH. 909 to hospital steward Twenty-seventh Regiment Ohio Volunteer Infantry, afterwards to Lieutenant Sixty-third Regiment U. S. Colored Infantry, and finally to Captain in the Sixty-ninth Regiment United States Colored Infantry. While in the army he was at various times danger- ously wounded, in the head, a bayonet thrust in right lung, and shot in the instep of right foot. On the 5th of May, 1865, he was honorably dis- charged from the United States service by reason of wounds received while in duty. After his discharge, he traveled to regain his health, which had suffered from the effects of his wounds. A strong and robust constitution helped him to recuperate his former good health. In April, 1866, he arrived at St. Joseph, where he engaged in clerking until he established his own drug store in January, 1867, and has been carrying on the same business ever since. He was married December 21, 1866, to Miss Martha L. Walker, of Highland County, Ohio. She died in Feb- ruary, 1869. Mattie W. Striblen, born on December 15, 1867, was the fruit of this marriage. William Striblen, on the 21st April, 1870, was married to Miss Sallie B. Tracy, his present wife. There were born unto them Lena, April 17, 1871, died October 14, 1872 ; Frederick, born Jan- uary 7, 1873; Nellie, born November 28, 1875; Laura, born September 30, 1877, died March 24, 1880; Stella, born December 25, 1879. GEORGE STROP, brick manufacturer, was born August 5, 1837, at Tuscarawas, Ohio, and from there he went, when eight years old, with his family to the State of Kentucky, where he was raised, and remained up to 1865. He then came West, and located in this city, and worked at different brick yards. After three years, in 1868, he was enabled to open a brick yard on his own account, and carried on the same successfully. In 1877, he pur- chased a farm of 120 acres in Andrew County, Missouri, where his family resides. This he improves, besides tending to his brick yard at St. Joseph. In 1861, he was married to Miss Elizabeth Conrad, of Ken- tucky. They have had ten children, seven of whom are living. STUPPY & REICHARD, proprietors of the Central Green Houses in St. Joseph, bear the reputa- tion of skilled florists. L. J. Stuppy, the head of the firm, was born in Saint Genevieve County, Missouri, in September, 1849. He came with his parents to St. Joseph in the spring of 1850. His father, F. X. Stuppy, was one of the pioneer druggists of the place. L. J. was raised in St. Joseph and, in due time, educated in his father's calling. In obedience to the promptings of a natural taste, in 1875, he engaged in his present business, of which he has made a success. In 1876, he married Miss giO BIOGRAPHICAL. Annie Schiesl. They have two children, F. X., Jr., and Annie E. David M. Reichard, his partner in the business, was born near Martinsburg, in Berkeley County, Virginia, August 8, 1830, and, at an early age, moved with his parents to Maryland, where his father engaged in the nursery business. Brought up in his father's avocation, he early acquired a taste for floriculture. On attaining his majority, he moved to Washington, D. C, where he remained engaged in the nursery business till 1865, when he determined to try his fortune in the West, and settled in St. Joseph. In 1858, he married Miss Rebecca Boyd. They have four chil- dren, Milton, Walter, Howard and Willie. Mr. Reichard and family are members of the Presbyterian Church. JACOB STUSSI, ■farmer and dairyman, Riverton, was born October 9, 1832, in Switzer- land, and was reared at his birthplace and received the benefits of an education. It might be said that he was literally brought up in the dairy business. He understands it thoroughly and has followed it through life. In the spring of 1863, he emigrated to the United States, and landed at New York city. He first settled in Brooklyn, where he remained two years, and then came west to St. Louis, where he resided three years, and afterwards moved to Andrew County, and engaged in the dairy and cheese making business. Remained there six years, and came to Buchanan County in 1878. He first settled east of Platte River, and moved to the place he now occupies in the spring of 1880. He was the founder of the town of Riverton, which formerly existed under the name of Bridgeport, but it had nearly died out. Mr. S. bought several pieces of land there, and started the town anew. He built a two-story hotel and other buildings and is erecting a dwelling house for himself The town is situated on the line of the Narrow Gauge road, and has the prospect of becoming a lively place, and it is due to Mr. S.'s untiring efforts. He commenced life a poor boy and has been the archi- tect of his own fortune. Was married, in 1862, to Miss Frances Mier, a native of Switzerland. 'JOHN R. SUTHERLAND, carpenter, is a native of Shelby County, Indiana, born August i, 1846. His father. Woodward, was a carpenter by trade, and migrated with his family to Illinois in 1857. In 1858, they came to Missouri, locating in Colunibia, Boone County, where our subject resided until 1862, when he enlisted in Company B, 9th Missouri Cavalry. He passed through the usual routine of warfare, and was honorably discharged July 14, 1865. In 1866, he came to St. Joseph and engaged in working at the carpenter trade, having adopted the proiession of his father. During his sojourn ST. JOSEPH. 911 in the city he has been classed among its first class mechanics. He was married in 1869 to Miss Charity Brainerd, of St. Joseph. They have four children, Stella May, Birdie, John Franklin, and an infant. He is a member of the I. O. O. F., King Hill Lodge. CONRAD TANNER, was born in Switzerland, May 5, 1834, and when seventeen years of age came to America, and after a short sojourn in Ohio, removed to St. Jos- eph. He here learned the wagonmaker's trade, and in 1866, opened a shop, the style of the firm being Tanner Bros. He afterward erected the pres- ent shop. His long sojourn in this county, and his reputation for first class ■work, gives him a reputation that is well merited. Some specimens of Tiis work are the wagons of the St. Joseph and New Ulm breweries. He -was married in 1857, to Miss Genevieve Harman. They have had ten ■children, six of whom are living, Conrad, Adolph, Edward, Pauline, Wil- liam and Clara. Mr. Tanner is a member of the Druids, German Benev- olent Society, Greeklie Verein and Swiss Verein. THEODORE TEXTOR, liquor and cigar dealer, was born July 13, 1839, at Hofgeismer, Germany, and after having received his education at the high -school, he went to Rassal, Hessen, where he studied at the Polytechnic School, and gradu- ated with honor in 1853. Then accepted an offer as superintendent of the distilleries and general management of large farms, which occupa- tion he held for five years, when he served three years in the Prussian army. When discharged he returned to his old work. Having had for a long time the desire to go to the United States, he left Europe and arrived in 1863 at New York City, where he only stopped a few weeks, and then came to St. Joseph, where he arrived in July, 1863. Obtained a situation as clerk in a hardware store, which place he filled two years, and afterward became clerk with Diedmann & Fuelling, cigar dealers. In 1868,' he opened the cigar business on his own account, and removed September i, 1880, to 310 Felix Street, and opened a store for the sale of liquors, cigars and smoking articles. Was married December i, 1868, to Miss Minnie Deichmann. They have had four children— Oscar and Hermann, deceased, and Mathilde and Charles, living. LOUIS THEIP, Principal of the German-English School, was born in Prussia in 183 1, and came to the United States in 1866. He received a good education in his native country, and afterwards taught for fourteen years. Since coming to this .country he has taught fourteen years. Thus teaching 912 BIOGRAPHICAL. has been his ambition and life work. He lived in Milwaukee, Wiscon- sin, for twelve years, and in San Antonio, Texas, one year. In 1880, he came to St. Joseph, and was soon employed as Principal of the German- English School, a position he continues (i 881) to fill satisfactorily. Mar- ried Miss Lizzie Blummoth in Germany, in i860. They have two child- ren, Emil and Jonathan. Emil is at the naval school in Annapolis, Mary- land, in his fourth year, and about. to become an assistant engineer. Mr. Theip is a fine scholar, a successful teacher, and a man whose moral character is above reproach. GENERAL M. JEFF THOMPSON was born at Harper's Ferry, Va., January, 1826. His father Capt. Merri- weather Thompson, a prominent citizens of that place, was a native of Hanover County, Virginia. He was for years in the paymaster's depart- ment of the United States Army at Harper's Ferry. The proper name of the subject of this sketch was Merriweather. The appellation " Jeff" was a nick-name applied in childhood, and constitutes one of the very many instances of the absurdity of applying to children such names with the expectation of their remaining only temporary designations. The manner in which he acquired his middle name is somewhat amus- ing. It appears that in early life, the future General was anything but a studious child, indeed, was sorely addicted to playing truant, and having in numerous instances of desertion from school been found perched on the top of a scavenger's cart driven by an ancient darkey, who rejoiced in the name of Jeff Carlyle. By way of shaming the young runaway and reclaiming him from his objectionable habit, his friends called him " Jeff Carlyle." Whether or not this had the desired effect we are not informed ; the name, however, clung to him through life, and after he had attained to manhood, and emigrated from his native home to St. Joseph, many who knew him as "Jeff," and were ignorant or oblivious of the fact that it was but a nick-name, continued so to address him. Powers of attorney were made out to him in this name under which, of course, he could not act, and in consequence he obtained an act of the legislature granting the additional " Jeff" to his name. On Leaving home in 1846, he stopped in Liberty, Clay County, Missouri, where he clerked in a store about a year, at the end of which period he moved to St. Joseph and engaged as a clerk in the house of Middleton & Riley, remaining in the store till 1852, when he went in their interest to Great Salt Lake City. Returning in the fall, he started, in partnership with Major Bogle, a grocery store in St. Joseph. He subsequently closed out his store and accompanied, in the capacity of commissary, the surveyors of the Hannibal & St. Joseph Railroad. He afterwards returned from Hannibal in charge of a surveying party,, having acquired during his ST. JOSEPH. 913 trip by close application, a competent knowledge of practical surveying. He was entrusted with the task of constructing the. western division of the Hannibal & St. Joseph Railroad, and remained in that position up to the period of its completion in February, 1859. In 1858 he filled the office of City Engineer, and in 1859 was elected Mayor of the city of St. Joseph. In i860 he constituted one of the real estate firm of Harbine & Thompson, and was engaged in this business at the breaking out of the civil war. He was at that period, under the old state law, a Colonel of militia. He cast his fortunes with the South, and was among the earliest and most active to engage in the great struggle. He attained the rank of Brigadier General in the Confederate service, in which he acquired, among other appellations, the name of " the Swamp Fox." His career in the great struggle is now a part of our national history, and even an outline of its recital would exceed the limits of such a notice as this. At the close of the war, through the influence of General A. L. Lee, an officer of the Federal service, and formerly a banker of St. Joseph, Gen- eral Thompson obtained the appointment of Chief Engineer of the Board of Public Works of the State of Louisiana, with headquarters in the city of New Orleans, which position he continued to retain up to the period of his death. A short time previous to this, he had started a commission house in Memphis, Tennessee, but the venture proved a failure, and he went to New Orleans with the above mentioned results. M. Jeff Thompson married in Liberty, Missouri, in 1848, Miss Emma Hays, a native of Baltimore, Maryland. By this marriage they had five children, two of whom were boys. The General was the fourth of a family of six children. The eldest of these, Broaddus Thompson, form- erly a representative citizen and prominent lawyer of St. Joseph, was for many years widely distinguished for his refined culture and polished refinement of manner. Charles M. Thompson, the youngest, at present (1881) Deputy Circuit Clerk of Buchanan County, was for years a popu- lar and well known newspaper man of St. Joseph. In the fall of 1876 General Thompson retured to his old home, St. Joseph, and died at the Pacific House in that city. He was certainly a remarkable character, and in spite of his many eccentricities, it must be said that few men have lived in the world and filled as prominent positions as he did with as many fast friends and as few enemies. Peace to his ashes. CHARLES M. THOMPSON, was born at Harper's Ferry, Virginia, October, 1830, and came to St. Joseph, in 1849. He learned the printer's trade in Virginia, and his first business here was a position in the Gazette office. When but sixteen years old, he enlisted in the First Virginia Volunteer Infantry, for the Mexican War, and remained until the war closed. In 1863, with Mr. J. 914 BIOGRAPHICAL. T. Childs, he started the Evening News. This he afterwards sold to parties who changed it to the Tribune. In 1869, he was elected City Recorder, a position which he filled six years. He is now (1881) Deputy Circuit Clerk, and a very, capable officer. In 1853, he married Miss Jane Lyon, daughter of A. B. Lyon, one of the old merchants of this city. They have six children living — Sally D., John H., Laura A., Betta L., Mary L. and Charles M. May 3, 188 1, Sally D. married Professor Rich- ard M. Proctor, the distinguished astronomer and author of England, when they immediately left for their home in London, England. Louis M., their eldest son, married Miss Jennie Hundley, daughter of J. B. Hund- ley, and moved to Hastings, Nebraska, where he died in 1878, aged twenty-five years. Before going to Nebraska, he was for many years •engaged as ticket agent in the Kansas City railroad office. While in Nebraska he was engaged in merchandising. ISAAC B. THOMPSON, was born in Pennsylvania, July 3d, 1838. Learned the marble business in Pennsylvania, and on coming to St. Joseph, in January, 1864, estab- lished himself there in that business, purchasing the shop of E. K. Bed- well, a representative marble worker in that city. This he has enlarged to meet the demands of his increasing trade. By his skill as an artist and the aid of the best workmen he is enabled to turn out a superior ■quality of work, as many of his beautiful monuments attest. He was elected councilman of the second ward in 1879, ^.nd also in 1881, and is among the most useful and intelligent aldermen on the board. As he is enterprising and successful in his own business, so he is in advancing the interests of the city, ably advocating those measures which are cal- culated to promote her advancement. Married Catherine Coleman, of Iowa, in January, 1865. They have four children living, Edgar, Charley, William and Minnie. ROBERT H. THOMAS was born in Bourbon County, Kentucky, in 1839. In 1844, his father, Robert B. Thomas, moved to Jackson County, Missouri, and thence in 1846 to Buchanan County, where he bought a farm and raised his family to work. The country being new, the facilities for obtaining an educa- tion were limited. Robert H., however, succeeded in obtaining a com- mon school education. His father is one of the respected old settlers of the county, and was married to Miss Mary Ann Ewalt, of an old and highly respected family of Bourbon County, Kentucky. Not long since he moved to Platte County, Missouri, where he purchased a fine farm. ^Robert H. married in 1863, Miss Rebecca Foster, daughter of Thomas Poster, Esq., of Platte County. They have six children — Amon, John ST. JOSEPH. 915 W., Emma, Henry L., Franklin Everett and Kelley. Mr. Thomas pur- chased a farm of 160 acres in Crawford Township, and for the past fifteen or twenty years has been improving this property and dealing largely in live stock. In 1880, he was elected by a large majority Sheriff of Buchanan County, a position the duties of which he continues (1881) to discharge with ability. A. D. THOMAS, carpenter, was^ born in Ross County, Ohio, January 9, 1825, and was reared and learned his trade principally in Sciota County. His father, Nathan, was a chairmaker by trade. In i860, our subject moved to St. Louis, residing there until 1865, when he took up his abode in St. Joseph. For a number of years he was a burner of charcoal, was a contractor on the St. Joseph bridge, the St. Joseph & Denver City Railroad, and did a large amount of city work. Was married, in 1847, to Miss Ann M. Long, of Kentucky. They have four children, Kate, Rebecca, Rosa and Belle. WILLIAM TIBBETTS, of the firm of John Tibbetts & Son, contractors and builders. A well known builder of this city, and one who is deserving of special mention, is Mr. John Tibbetts. The city hall, and many of the imposing edifices in the city are specimens of his work. William, the subject of this sketch, was born in New York City, December 22, 1859. Was raised to manhood and educated in St. Joseph. He also became proficient in the trade of building brick structures and as a manager and contractor. Mr. John Tibbetts located here in i860, and few contractors have con- tributed as much to the upbuilding of the city. Tibbetts & Son are thoroughly skilled workmen and have a large trade. ELIAS TIMERSON, engineer on the Kansas City, St. Joseph and Council Bluffs Railroad, is a native of New York, and was born in Auburn, October 22, 1841. He was educated in his native state, and at an early age became news agent on the New York Central Railroad. In 1863, he came to St. Joseph, and entered the employ of Luke Benham, as wagon master, and for seven years continued in this capacity, superintending freighting across the plains. We next find him in this city with the United States Express Company, as deliverer. The duties of this position he discharged satis- factorily to his employers and the public until 1870, when he commenced railroading on the K. C. St. Jo. & C. B., as brakeman. For some years he was conductor on a freight, then a fireman, and eventually engineer. Mr. Timerson fully realizes the responsibility which rests upon him, and 9l6 BIOGRAPHICAL. uses the utmost care and discretion in handling his locomotive. In 1875, Miss Dora Amos became his wife. They have two children, Delbert and Carrie. He is a member of the Brotherhood of Locomotive Engineers, and an Encampment member of the I. O. O. F. W. 'G. TIRRELL, proprietor of the Inter-Ocean boot and shoe store, was born in Wey- mouth, Massachusetts, September 18, 1847, and when quite young he was deprived of the care of a father by death. Came from Weymouth to Chicago, Illinois, where for a number of years he was engaged as a salesman in the well known boot and shoe house of Bullock Bros. In 1872, he embarked in business in St. Louis, and in 1874 he came to St. Joseph and engaged in his present business, in which he has been emi- ' nently successful. His stock embraces the product of the leading and best manufacturers in his line, and the liberal treatment of his patrons and his fair dealing have secured for him a large and constantly increas- ing patronage. W. J. TODD, grocer, is a native of Andrew County, Missouri, and was born July 29, 1849. His father, Zaphnath Todd, was a native of Southern Missouri, and one of the first settlers of Andrew County, and was closely identified with its growth and prosperity until his death in August, 1878. W. J. was raised to manhood and educated in his native county, spending his boyhood days tilling the soil, with the exception of a short time spent in DeKalb County, where h* was engaged in the general merchandise busi- ness, and followed farming in Andrew County, until 1880, when he engaged in trade in St. Joseph. In 1869, Miss Zarilda Thornton, of DeKalb County, became his wife. They have two children living, Edna and Nellie. Himself and family are active members of the Primitive Baptist Church. MILTON TOOTLE, a merchant whose name is so familiar throughout the West, Northwest and Southwest, was born in Ross County, Ohio, February 26, 1823, and received a good common school education in his youth. In 1836, his father removed to Jersey County, Illinois, and here the subject of our sketch commenced his mercantile experience, in which he has been so eminently successful. Entered the employ of Mr. George Smith, and in 1842 accompanied him to Savannah, Andrew County^ Missouri. In 1844, Mr. Smith opened a store in Atchison County, of which Mr. Tootle had entire charge, and after remaining in this capacity one year he returned to Savannah, and took charge of the house at this place, Mr. Smith hav- -^^ ST. JOSEPH. 917 ing removed to St. Joseph. In 1848, he embarked in business for him- self in Oregon, Holt County, and here he evinced that tact, ingenuity, integrity and industry which have been marked features of his commer- cial life. In 1849, at the request of Mr. Smith, he came to St. Joseph, and was given an interest in the house that subsequently became Smith, Bedford •& Tootle. Soon after this arrangement Mr. Smith died, and Mr. Tootle, in connection with his two brothers and W. G. Fairleigh, purchased the stock and commenced business, under the firm name of Tootles & Fairleigh. In a short time Mr. Tootle established dry goods houses in Omaha, Sioux City and Council Bluffs, the two former at the present time being among the prominent and successful houses in the West. In i860, his brother Joseph died, and soon after his brother Thomas withdrew from the partnership. The business was conducted under the name of Tootle & Fairleigh until 1873, when Mr. Fairleigh withdrew his interest. Other partners were admitted, and the firm style became Tootle, Craig & Co., under which title it continued until 1877, when a change was again made, and the firm of Tootle, Hosea & Co. was formed, and are at the present time conducting a heavy trade. They have recently erected a building for their business that is one of the largest and most conveniently arranged houses in the country. Mr. Tootle is a man of active enterprise, and has done much to enlarge, improve and beautify the city of his residence. In 1872, he erected a costly and magnificent temple of amusement, known as Tootle's Opera House, a building which is a pride to St. Joseph, and would be a credit to any city of the East. Was married in January, 1866, to Miss Kate O'Neill, daughter of James L. O'Neill, at one time Cashier of the West- ern Bank of Missouri. Mr. Tootle's success in life is largely due to the care with which he has superintended and directed the minutest details of business, and the constant and close attention he has given to every- thing connected with his numerous enterprises. He has been especially fortunate in attracting and retaining faithful and capable employes, whom he has inspired with his own indomitable courage and perseverance. Is financially interested in many business houses in St. Joseph, and his connection with any enterprise is a sure guarantee of success. He is a liberal, public spirited and enterprising citizen. The name of Milton Tootle and St. Joseph are inseparable. EDWIN TOOLE was born on the 23d of February, 1808, in Shelby County, Kentucky, is now in his seventy-fourth year, and perhaps looks as young and feels as stout and active as most men at the age of fifty. Between the ages of eighteen and twenty-three he taught several schools in both Shelby and Henry Counties, and at Newcastle, in the latter county, studied law and 9l8 BIOGRAPHICAL. was admitted to the bar when about twenty-four years of age.. Was married to Lucinda S. Porter, at Owenton, Kentucky, on the memorable I2th of November, 1833, the night of which day will ever be remembered as of star shooting notoriety, or rather of meteoric showers. About the ist of April, 1837, they left the State of Kentucky with two children — boys, one about three and thq other aboilt one year old — and embarked at Louis- ville for St. Louis by steamboat, thence up the Missouri River to Liberty Landing, at which place both of the children died and were there buried. They were detained at said landing some four or five weeks, and finally reached the point at which they located, at that time (loth of June, 1837) about two miles south of where the city of Savannah now stands. At that time there were not exceeding fifteen or twenty families within' the limits of what now constitutes Andrew County, who had pre- ceded them, and most, if not all, of them were living in tents and camps, but the country began to fill up very rapidly, and all the country lying west and northwest of Clinton County, including what now forms Andrew, Holt, Nodaway, Atchison and possibly Buchanan Counties, being attached to Clinton County for civil and military purposes. He was, during the following fall or winter, elected as a justice of the peace of his township (Washington), which then included all the territory now forming Judge Kelley's circuit, and possibly no inconsiderable part of Judge Sherman's. Soon after this, however, Platte and Buchanan Counties were organized, and the terri- tory now constituting Andrew, Holt, etc., was attached to Buchanan, and orders for the election of county officers made and published. Although now a citizen of Buchanan County, yet living in the territory attached to her, Mr. T. became a candidate for the office of Clerk of the Circuit Court, and was elected, William Fowler at the same time being a candidate for both Circuit and County Clerk, and was elected to the latter. At the next succeeding session of the Legislature, Andrew County was organized, and not being a resident and citizen within the chartered limits of Buchanan County, and having no desire at that time to change his resi- dence for the sake of said office, he let it slide, feeling assured chat the offices of both circuit and county clerkships in Andrew County were at his service, both of which he filled for many years, and resigned the former in the spring of^i8s8. Then removed to St. Joseph, where' he resided until the spring of 1875, at which time he settled on a farm two miles east of Troy, in Kansas. In April, 1878, Mrs. T. died, and was buried in the cemeteryat Troy, leaving him alone. In the month of August, following, he visited the city of Helena, Montana Territory, where he has two sons (E. W. and J. K.,) practicing law, and 'have been there engaged for a number of years. His two daughters (Mrs. Dr. Atchison and Mrs. R. P. Stdut,) have, with their families, both followed him, and are settled there, and his two other sons (Ben. W. and C. B.,) ST, JOSEPH. 919 may, ere long, do likewise. His youngest son (Oliver B.,) died at Hel- ena in October, 1877, of brain fever, soon alter his admission to the bar. Mr. Toole is a man of large fraine. He has all his life enjoyed excel- lent health, and now (1881), in the seventy-fourth year of his age, is as stout and active as most men of fifty. During the period of his long and active life no man has enjoyed a higher degree of respect and of personal popularity. JUDGE W. C. TOOLE was born in Shelby County, Kentucky, March 28, 18 18. In 1834 he moved with kis father to Alton, Illinois, where he continued to reside till the year 1838, when he went to Buchanan County, Missouri. In 1841 he married in Weston, Missouri, Miss E. Wiglesworth, of Greenup County, Kentucky, by whom he has had ten children, Kittie, Dickie, Octa- vius, Alice, William, Lizzie, Laura, Emma, Alpha, and Edwin. In 1848 Mr. Toole was admitted to the bar, and began the practice of law in St. Joseph. In 1852 he was elected Judge of the Court of Common Pleas, a position which, after holding three years, he resigned. In 1856 he was appointed Register of the City of St. Joseph, and held the office unin- terruptedly for nine years. In 1864 he was elected City Recorder. This office he shortly after resigned, and during the same year was elected on the Republican ticket Circuit Clerk, serving in that capacity two years. In 1871 he was elected on the Liberal ticket Judge of the Court of Com- mon Pleas, which office he continued to hold till its abolishment by the Legislature of 1875. Judge Toole first made his permanent home in St. Joseph in 1852. He has, in the years that have since elapsed, been prominently active in all public enterprises calculated to advance the interests of the city and county, and in the building of churches, school houses, and charitable institutions has ever been among the foremost to lend a helping hand. JOHN TOWNSEND was born in McLean County, Illinois, in 1837. In 1841, his father moved to this county. Young Townsend worked on the farm till fifteen years old, in the meantime acquiring a limited education. At fifteen he entered the store of I. & J. Curd, then one of the first firms who located here. He remained until Mr. Curd sold out and then, at the age of twenty-one, he went into the employ of Mr. McDonald, with whom he remained several years. He spent two years in Montana. Returning to St. Joseph, he commenced business in the spring of 1866, under the firm name of Townsend and Lowell. He finally purchased Mr. Lowell's interest, and Mr. William H. Wood engaged in partnership with him under the firm name of Townsend & Wood. In 1873, the firm of Bailey, 920 BIOGRAPHICAL. Townsend & Co. was formed, when they commenced the wholesale trade, continuing three years. Mr. Townsend then withdrew from the concern. After one year of recreation, in 1877, the present firm of Townsend, Wyatt & Co. was formed. This has become one of the leading retail dry goods houses of St. Joseph, being to St. Joseph what Stewart is to "New York. Their sales having increased from $75,000 per year, to one quarter of a million. Mr. Townsend was also largely instrumental in establishing in 1875, the cracker and candy manufacturing house of F. L. Sommer & Co., of which he is one of the Co. This is one of the largest ■establishments of the kind in the West. Mr. Townsend commenced life without means, and with nothing but his good health, willing hands and hopeful heart, with which to pave his pathway to success. He has achieved an enviable reputation as a business man and public spirited citizen. He married Miss Anna R. Banes, of this city, in 1863. They have three children. COL. FRANK M. TRACY, present (1881) postmaster of St. Joseph, was born in Ralls County, Mis- souri, January 3, 1838. He is the fifth born and fourth son of a family of six sons and three daughters. His father, Lewis Tracy, long a repre- sentative citizen of St. Joseph, but now deceased, was a native of Jessa- mine County, Kentucky. His mother's maiden name was Sarah Krig- baum. She was also a native of Kentucky. In the sixth year of Frank's life his parents determined to move, and repaired to Platte City, Missourii where they resided till March 12, 1S47, when, moving to St. Joseph, he entered the office of the Gazette, then edited by General Eastin. Here he remained until he had mastered the art of printing. He then went to St. Louis, where he worked at his trade in the offices of Republican and the Democrat. In 1859 he established in St. Joseph, Missouri, the Free Democrat, an ably conducted journal, which he published success- fully till the breaking out of the civil war in 186 1. At this period he moved to Kansas, where he enlisted in the First Kansas Infantry, in which service he was shortly after promoted to the grade of Second Lieutenant. He was afterwards transferred to Company I, of the same Regiment, with the rank of Captain. He was almost constantly in active service during the war of the Rebellion. At the battle of Wilson Creek he was severely wounded, being pierced through the right lung with a ball which he still carries in his body. On account of disability consequent on this wound he was mustered out of the service. Return- ing to Doniphan County, Kansas, he afterwards raised a regiment of militia, consisting of ten companies of infantry and two of cavalry, of which command he was commissioned Colonel. This regiment did efficient service during Price's raid. He continued in command till the ST. JOSEPH. 921 close of the war, when he returned to Kansas, and settled in Troy, where he engaged in milling and merchandising. He is a member of Troy- Lodge, No. 55, A. F. and A. M. In 1864 Colonel Tracy was elected to the office of Treasurer of Doniphan County. At the expiration of his term in 1866, he was again elected, serving with ability and to the unqualified satisfaction of his constituents. He subsequently filled by appointment, an ad interim term of the same office. In September, 1876, he moved to St. Joseph, and in company with others, purchased the Morning Herald, a journal long recognized as the leading Republi- can paper of the Northwest. The high character of this able sheet has since continued to be successfully maintained. In recognition of his services in behalf of his party. Colonel Tracy was appointed by Presi- dent Garfield, May 28, 1881, postmaster of St. Joseph, a position which he continues to fill to the satisfaction of all interested. June 30, 1862, he was married in Massachusetts to Miss Victoria Melvin, a native of Vermont. Their family includes one daughter, Veva Tracy. LEWIS TRACY was a pioneer in the settlement of Missouri, and one among the early residents of St. Joseph. Was born in Kentucky, in 1808, and married Miss Sarah Krigbaum, of the same state, and came to Missouri, settling in St. Louis when that place was comparatively a small town. From there he removed to New London, the county-seat of Ralls County, where he established himself in successful business; but in 1842, shortly after the opening of the Platte Purchase to settlement, he removed to Platte City, conducting the same business, that of a cabinet maker, for five years, whence he came with his family to St. Joseph, arriving here March 12, 1847, 3-^d during the spring of the same year purchased a lot on the west side of Market Square, and erected thereon his furniture shop and sales- room. Up to this time the business of the town was altogether confined to Main Street, and Lewis Tracy's furniture shop was the first business establishment of any kind located east of Main Street. Lewis Tracy was elected Justice of the Peace shortly after he came to St. Joseph, which office he filled for twelve years, settling nearly all the cases of dispute arising between the citizens of Buchanan County during this time, and the writer is informed by an attorney who habitually practiced before him, that although his court was nearly continuous, cases being tried almost daily, his decisions were invariably sustained, not a single reversal having been made by the higher courts during the entire term of his official service. He was for several years one of the Town Trustees ■of St. Joseph, and was President of the Board. The subject of this sketch was a Democrat of the old school, and was a strong supporter of Thomas H. Benton. When the war of the rebellion was inaugurated, he said, " If 922 BIOGRAPHICAL. I must give up Democracy or the Union, I will give up Democracy." Five of his six sons did service in the Union army, the sixth and young- est being incapacitated by lameness. He made an effort himself to enlist under the first call for troops, but being over age, was rejected by the mustering officer. Undaunted, however, he succeeded in passing muster a few months later, upon the organization of the Tenth Regiment of Kansas Volunteers, which was recruited mainly in Doniphan County, in that state, and he passed through several hard-fought battles, among which were Cane Hill, Pea Ridge, etc. Was discharged after about two years' service, and later, in 1864, was called into active service again as Major of a Kansas militia regiment, of which his son, Frank M., was the Colonel. Lewis Tracy died at the residence of his son, John M., on a farm, near Elwood, Kansas, on October 21, 1864, his last sickness and that which caused his death being flux. He was a man of remarkable, constitution, possessing great physical strength ; was very energetic, and made it the rule of his life "to never put off till to-morrow what can be done to-day." He was a member of the Christian Church and of the Masonic fraternity, and was honored and respected by all who knew him, and lived and died without a blemish on his character, having performed his duty to his family, to his neighbors and to his country faithfully and well. His family consisted of six sons and three daughters, all except one (his second daughter) now living, four sons and the two surviving daughters being at this time residents of St. Joseph, and two of his sons living in Kansas. Mrs. Sarah Tracy, his wife, died on March 12, 1858. P. W. TRENT, contractor and builder, was born in Patrick County, Virginia, where he was raised, educated and learned the trade he now pursues. This he followed in his native state until the spring of 1872, when he became a resident of St. Joseph. He is a mechanic of the highest type, possessing natural elements of ingenuity, and his record and progress in this city he may well be proud of A. TUCKER, of the firm of Tucker Brothers, plain and ornamental plasterers, is a native of Morris County, New Jersey, and was born near Dover, in Feb- ruary, 1843. Was principally raised in Newark, and in 1862 enlisted in Company E, Eleventh New Jersey Volunteer Infantry, and was promoted to First Sergeant. Served to the close of the war, participating in the engagements of Fredericksburg, Chancellorsville, Gettysburg and other notable battles. After the war he returned to New Jersey, and worked at his trade there and in New York until 1877, when he became a resi- dent of St. Joseph. During his sojourn here he has done the work on ST. JOSEPH. 923 some of the finest buildings in the city, such as those of R. L. McDonald, J. G. Englehart, J. W. Bailey, etc. Was married in 1871, to Miss Lizzie Hall, daughter of Prof. Hall, of the Polytechnic Institute, of Orange, New Jersey. They have three children — Willie, Harry and Clarence. ST. JOSEPH TRUNK FACTORY is conducted by F. Endebrock, a native of Prussia, Germany, who came to America in 1844, locating in Cincinnati, where he learned the busi- ness of trunk making, working at his trade in that city for a number of years and then removed to St. Louis, where he lived for ten years. In 1870, he came to St. Joseph and established his present business of manufacturing trunks, valises and satchels, and his business is the largest of the kind in the Northwest, extending into the adjoining states and territories. He gives the establishment his undivided attention, and he has built up a business alike creditable to himself and the city of St. Joseph. S. T. TURNER, car inspector and outside repairer for the Kansas City, St. Joseph and Council Bluffs Railroad, was born in Richmond, Virginia, November 14, 1850, and was there partially reared and educated. In 1867, he came to St. Joseph, with his parents. His father, William, was a policeman in Richmond, and is well and favorably known in St. Joseph in the same capacity. S. T. commenced to learn the carpenter's trade in his native city, which he finished in St. Joseph. In 1871, he entered the employ of the K. C, St. Jo. & C. B. Co., as car builder, and in the autumn of 1879, accepted his present responsible and well merited position. He was married April 5, 1871, to Miss Eliza E. Hall, of Richmond, Virginia. They have two children, MoUie N., and Willie R. Mr. Turner is a Mason, of the Blue Lodge and Chapter, and an Odd Fellow. H. N. TURNER was born in Rochester, New York, October 24, 1819, and with his father's family moved to Marshall, Michigan, in 1832, where he remained four years. He then moved to Connersville, Indiana, residing there until 1856, when he went to California, and in 1857 went to Omaha, Nebraska. In 1859 he came to St. Joseph and engaged in trade on the corner of Eleventh and Penn streets, building up a fine business which he continued until 1876, when he sold out. He then was elected city collector, which office he held four years. He is now (1881) the oldest member of the city school board, having been continuously re-elected to the same for the past sixteen years. He has been a Mason for many 924 BIOGRAPHICAL. years, and is now a Knight Templar. He married Miss Matilda New- land in Connersville, Indiana, in March, 1847. They had two children, Mary Ellen and Ira N. Mrs. Turner died in 185 1. Mary Ellen married William Morrison, and died in 1866, leaving two children, Mary Agnes and John. Ira, his son, is bookkeeper for Messrs. Kieffer & Co., and is a good business man. In politics Mr. Turner has always been an enthu- siastic Union man and a member of the Republican party. He raised and commanded a company of State militia during the war. T. H. TURNER, foreman of tin and copper shop for the Kansas City, St. Joseph and Council Bluffs Railroad, is a native of Missouri, and was born in Hanni- bal, October 26, 1846. He was reared, educated and learned his trade in his native city, and for a time was a resident of Iowa and Minnesota, remaining two years in St. Paul. He took up his abode in St. Joseph in the employ of the K. C, St. Jo. & C. B. R. R. Co., in 1878. He was married in 1873, to Miss Emma Disbrow, of Smith's Landing, New Jer- sey. Mr. Turner is a Mason, and belongs to St. John's Lodge, Hannibal. Himself and wife are members of the Episcopal Church. JUDGE HENRY TUTT was born in Culpepper County, Virginia, in February, 1803. The family are of Welsh and Irish descent. Judge Tutt was the third of a family of eight children, four sons and four daughters. His father was a promi- nent citizen, having for many years filled the position of sheriff of the county, and other important offices. The judge was educated at Front Royal Academy. Resided, up to the year 1835, in Culpepper, and at Mount Jackson, Shenandoah County. In 1824, he married Miss Anne Gatewood Conner, daughter of Uriel Conner, Esq., of Culpepper County. He had, by this marriage, six children, four sons and two daughters. Of these but two survive: John S., the eldest, born in 1825, and present (1881) assessor of Buchanan County, and Miss Lou. While still a resi- dent of Virginia he was elected captain of a militia company noted for the precision of its drill. In the spring of 1835, Captain Tutt moved West with many relatives of his own name. He first settled on Prairie Fork, and afterwards at Portland, in Calloway County, Missouri. Here he engaged at different times in various pursuits, teaching, surveying, farming, etc. In 1840, he represented the county in the State Legislature. He was soon after commissioned major of militia, and was finally elected brigadier general in the same service. In 1844, he moved to Platte County, locating in what was known as the Miller settlement, where, at first, he engaged in farming. He was, shortly after, admitted to the bar. ST. JOSEPH. 925 and continued for many years to devote his time to the' practice of law. In 1849, he moved to DeKalb, in Buchanan County.and the following year was elected from the same to the Legislature. In 1859, he was elected Judge of the Probate Court of Buchanan County, a position he has continued to fill uninterruptedly ever since. In person Judge Tutt is a man of unusual stature and commanding presence. Courteous and affable withal, few men have achieved with as little effort a higher degree of popularity than he enjoys. Though advanced in years he is still in full possession of his faculties, and is still the capable, efficient officer he was when first elected. COL. JOHN F. TYLER was born in Lee County, Virginia, September 12, 1838.- His father, Henry C. Tyler, was a merchant of Jonesville, and also operated stores at other points in Lee County. His mother's maiden name was Fulkerson. John F. was their only child. He was educated at the Virginia Military Institute, Lexington, at that time superintended by Gen. Francis H. Smith. He was graduated here ninth of a class of twenty-nine in 1859. In the same year he moved to Missouri, settling first at Lexington, where he engaged in teaching till the breaking out of the civil war. During the period that he was teaching he studied law in the office of Hon. John F. Ryland, of Lexington. He was a staunch Union man, and as such rendered himself so unpopular with the dominant party in that town that he was forced to enter the army. He enlisted in the Four- teenth Missouri Volunteers, commanded by Col. White. He was almost immediately after elected Major in that regiment, and was subsequently captured with Milligan's command in the battle of Lexington before being mustered into service. On being exchanged he was appointed Aid-de-Camp, with the rank of Major, on Gen. Schofield's staff In 1862, he was promoted to the grade of Lieutenant Colonel of the First regi- ment of infantry of the Missouri State Militia. He was afterwards pro- moted to the rank of Colonel of this regiment, and remained in the service till near the close of the war, when he moved to St. Joseph and engaged in merchandising. He afterwards farmed for a short time. He has, for some time past, and is at present (1881) engaged in the practice of law and largely in the real estate business in St. Joseph. He was married November 9, 1862, to Miss Jane E. Spratt, of Lexington, Mis- souri. They have had four children, all of whom are dead. Col. Tyler is a member of the Presbyterian Church, and has been, for many years, an active Sunday School worker in the same. He has superintended some of the largest and most prosperous schools of this character in the city ; and it was through his efforts that the present flourishing Mission Sabbath School of South St. Joseph was organized. In politics he has always been a Democrat. 926 BIOGRAPHICAL. B. ULLMAN, one of the most prominent men in his line in St. Joseph, is the subject of this sketch. He was born in Pennsylvania, August i, 1824, and was raised in Philadelphia. When very young, he commenced working at the butchering business, and has followed it, in connection with dealing in stock, all his life. In 1857, he decided to "go West," with the inten- tion of going to San Francisco, but after reaching St. Joseph, he con- cluded, to remain. He married Miss Jane Besard, who died in 1877, leaving three children, John, William and Emma. RUDOLPH UHLMAN, photographer, was born April 5, 1829, at Chemnitz, Saxonia, where, after having reqeived his education, he visited the weaving school. There he had occasion to develop his talent for drawing, which he had shown already when a child, and after having graduated, he accepted an offer as designer in a weaving factory, which position he kept up to April 12, 1853, when he emigrated to America. He went from New York to New Haven, Connecticut, where he was employed for three years as designer in a suspender factory. In i8'56, he concluded to go West, and on his way he met the Massachusetts Aid Society, who went to Kansas. He joined them, and under General Jim Lane, took an active part in the skirmishes and battles fought during 1856 and 1857. Then he went to the mountains, where he kept with success for two years, a general merchandise store. In i860, he came to St. Joseph, and opened a photograph gallery, which he has carried on successfully, as he endeavors to execute his work in the most artistic style, and ever took hold immediately of any new improvement or invention in his line of business. He is an active member of the National Photographic Association of America. He was married in 1863, to Miss Lisette Doll, a native of Baden, Germany. They have four children, Willie, born September 30, 1865 ; Fred., born April 28, 1868; Emma,' born May 4, 1870; Louis, born September 17, 1873. WILLIAM ULLMAN is a native of Pennsylvania, having been born November 16, 1855. He received a good education, after which he came to St. Joseph, in 1857, March 29, 1880, he engaged in his present business, and has been doing a prosperous trade. WILLIAM VALENTINE, brick manufacturer, was born in New Orleans, Louisiana, December 16, 1850, and at an early age removed to Galena, Illinois, with his parents, ST. JOSEPH. 927 where he was raised to manhood and educated. He learned locomotive engineering, and from 1868, to the present, has made St. Joseph his headquarters. For several years he engaged in different employments, and in 1877, engaged in his present vocation, which has proven success- ful under his skilled management. JAMES W. VANCE, M. D.. was born in Abbeville, South Carolina, September 16, 1845. His father, James Kincaid Vance, was a cotton planter. The Vance family are of Scotch-Irish extraction, and are among the earliest settlers of the county. Dr. Vance's great grandfather being a well known planter in the State before the Revolutionary war. His mother was a daughter of Dr. Watson, also of South Carolina. The doctor is the eldest of a family of thirteen children, seven sons and six daughters. Of these ten survive. He received an excellent education at the State Military Academy in Charleston, and during the last three years of the war served in the cadet corps in the Confederate army. He early resolved to make the profession of medicine the pursuit of his life, and determining to acquire a knowledge of the science in the first medical school of the world, he visited Scotland, arid in 1866 entered the Royal College of Physicians and Surgeons of the University of Edinburgh. After four years of unremitting application, he was graduated in 1870 with honors in a class of one hundred and fifty. He then returned to the United States and located in Greenville, South Carolina, where he practiced with great success for several years. In i88o he moved to St. Joseph, Missouri, his present (i88i) home where, establishing himself, he was soon in posses- sion of a lucrative practice. Decenjber 2, 1866, Dr. Vance was married to Miss Susan Shelby Vance, daughter of William L. Vance, Esq., of Memphis, Tennessee. They have one child living, a daughter, Leta. Mrs. Vance is known in the literary world as the authoress of a popular satire on New Orleans and Memphis society entitled "Lois Carroll; or Her Two Selves," besides many poems of acknowledged merit. AUGUSTUS VEGELY, wholesale confectioner. Among the many successful business men who have made their home in Buchanan County no one is deserving of spe- cial notice more than the subject of this sketch. He was born in Alsace, on the 9th day of June, 1826. His father was a contractor, and the son assisted him until 1847, whem he determined to avail himself of the advantages that America offered to men of energy and economy, when coupled with sterling honesty. He landed at New Orleans, where he remained only a short time, .amd then went to Galveston, Texas, and 928 BIOGRAPHICAL. after a residence there of a few months, settled in St. Louis. In 1852, he came to this county and engaged in his present business, and is the pioneer in his line now doing business, as well as one of the oldest firms in the city. His business at first was on a small scale and has grown year by year, and Mr. V. is a good illustration of what an industrious man can accomplish by giving his attention to one subject and bending his energies in one direction. He is eminently a self-made man, com- mencing with but little means, he has gained wealth and a prominent social position by preserving a straight-forward, true, honest and upright course, and has been eminently successful in all his undertak- ings. He has always shown a worthy public spiritedness and has heartily sympathized with all local improvements and enterprises. He built the first business building on Felix Street, on the corner of Fifth Street, on the lot where Baldwin & Co.'s jewelry store now stands. He has never been a political aspirant, preferring the peace and quiet of his legitimate business to the strifes and turmoils of public life. Was married to Miss A. Augustine, March 24, 1855. She is also a native of Alsace, and was born December 16, 1833. Their family consists of five children: Augustus, Adel, now Mrs. H. M. Ramey, Emma, Oliver R. and Norman O. They lost one son, Edward. B. R. VINEYARD, attorney-at-law, was born upon what is known as the Platte Purchase, July 31, 1842. He was raised on a farm and educated at Pleasant Ridge College, near Weston, and at William Jewell College at Liberty, Clay County. In October, 1864, he began the study of law with Judge Henry M. Vories, at St. Joseph, and was admitted to the bar March, 1866. He established himself in the practice of his profession at St. Joseph, and in 1868, formed a partnership with Silas Woodson and S. A. Young. He was married on the 19th day of May, 1868, to Miss Emma Hoagland, daughter of Hon. George T. Hoagland, President of Buchanan Bank, and by this union had three children. He is a member of the M. E. Church South, and was for two years member of the City Council. Since 1873 Mr. Vineyard has been alone in the practice, and has achieved an enviable rank among the best lawyers of St. Joseph. Politically he has always been a Democrat. HEINRICH VOSS, dealer in wall paper, window shades, manufacturer of mattresses, etc., was born August 9, 183 1, at Pinneberg, Holstein, where he was raised and learned the trade of upholsterer. In 1854 he emigrated to America and landed at New York city September i, from there going to Cincin- ST. JOSEPH. 929 nati, Ohio, where he remained several months. Then went to New Orleans, and after seven months came to St. Joseph in April, 1855. Here he was employed at his trade for some years, and in 1862 estab- lished himself in business, keeping a full line of wall paper, window shades and baby carriages. Being an upholsterer, he added the manu- facture of mattresses, to which he paid his full attention. He married November 22, 1863, Miss Kathrina Ketzel, of Nebraska City. They . have had seven children, Calvin, born in 1864, died July, 1865 ; Rose, born in 1867 ; George, born in 1869; Frank, born in 1871 ; Oscar, born in 1873 ; Katharina, born in 1875, died when three weeks old ; Adolph, born in 1876, died in 1881. EGID WAGNER was born in Bavaria, September 5, 1843. ^^ 1^59 he moved to the United States, and settled in St. Joseph, Missouri. Poor in purse, but rich in that indomitable spirit of enterprise and perseverance which always commands success, he started a bakery, and by strict attention to business soon built up the lucrative trade he still continues to enjoy. By industry, economy, and judicious management, he has acquired val- uable property in the city, and now owns the substantial block in which the Atlantic Hotel, which he formerly kept, and his bakery are located. A self-made man, he has succeeded, without effort, in impressing his fel- low-citizens with a sense of his personal judgment and ability in busi- ness affairs, and was elected by a large majority to the office of Council- man from the Fourth Ward. May, 1866, he married Miss Theraca Von Arx, of St. Joseph. They have seven children living : August, Jose- phine, Mary, Flora, Emma, Agnes and Rosa. CAPTAIN GEORGE WECKERLEN was born August 18, 1823, at Siblingen, Canton Schaffenhausen, Switzer- land, where he was educated. March 24, 1852, he left home, went to Havre,, and .took passage on a sailing vessel to New Orleans, .which place he reached after fifty-six days' journey. Resting for two days, he went on to St. Louis, and thence to St. Joseph, arriving May 28, 1852. He accepted the first offer of work as laborer. In 1857, he. engaged in the grocery business, and in 1859, opened a saloon, which was burned out in 1861. When the war broke out he raised a cavalry company and wa& commissioned Captain, and attached to Colonel Peabody's regiment, which was captured at Lexington, Missouri. Weckerlen, being cut off with his company, was successful in making his escape, and to reach Springfield and Sedalia, where thirty-five men of his company served as a body-guard of General Sturgis. January i, 1862, he returned to St. Jos- 930 BIOGRAPHICAL. eph, and his company was mustered out. Then he. raised a new com- pany and joined Colonel Penick's regiment, in which he served up to September, 1863, when he was honorably discharged. For about two years he bought horses and mules for the government. In 1865, he started a train of wagons loaded with general merchandise for Denver, Colorado. On the plains the news of the assassination of President Lin- coln and his death, reached them. The people in the far West were dis- couraged, no business was transacted, and Weckerlen had to dispose of his goods with great loss. When he returned, he commenced to deal in live stock, and has been very successful. He married February 3, 1848, in Germany, Miss Salomina Rueddi. They have had eight children — Jacob, born March 18, 1849; Louise, born in 185 1, died in three months; Heinrich, born in 1853, died in 1855 ; Adelheid, born in i860, died in i86g; Lilly, born in 1862, died in two months; Lizzie, born July 24, 1855 ; George, born June 27, 1865 ; Heinrich, born April 3, 1867, died in 1869. PHILIP WECKERLIN was born March 21, 1838, at Siblingen, Switzerland, where he was raised. In 185S1 he emigrated to the United States, and went from New Orleans to St. Louis, where he was employed as a baker for four years. In 1859, he came to this city, and found employment at his trade, at which he worked for three years. In 1862, he commenced business for himself, which he carried on with great success, and in 1865 opened a boarding house and saloon. By his industry he accumulated wealth and made good investments in real estate. He married, in 1862, Miss Eliz- abeth Knoth. They have had three children — Emma, born January 17, 1863, died October 9, 1863 ; Anna, born July 29, 1867; and Philip Ferdi- nand, born May 29, 1871. JOHN T. WARBURTON was born in Bury, Lancashire, England, on the 22d day of November, 1845, and lived in various parts of England until nearly ten years old. About May i, 1855, he sailed with his parents from Liverpool, England, and after a voyage of five weeks, landed at Boston, Massachusetts. Leaving that port two days after, he went to St. Louis, Missouri, remain- ing there until September, 1856, when he came with his parents to St. Joseph, Missouri. In the spring of 1857 the Warburton family moved to Elwood, Kansas, and dufing the summers of 1857 ^^'^ 1858, John T. peddled apples on the ferry boat running between St. Joseph and Elwood. During the year 1859 he commenced work on the Elwood Free Press as an apprentice at the printing business. Here he worked until in 1861, when the paper was suspended on account of the war, the ST. JOSEPH., 931 proprietor and editor both enlisting in the Union army. John T. being too young to enlist, the publishers of the Free Press insisted on his going with thetn, anxious to have it said that the whole office had joined the army. After remaining with their regiment about six months and being with them during the raids through Jackson and Bates Counties, Missouri, and while his command was in camp ^t Lawrence, Kansas, young Warburton, not being an enlisted soldier, left and came home. During the months of July and August, 1862, he worked on the St. Joseph Morning Herald, and on the 1st day of September, of that year, enlisted in Company I, Thirteenth Kansas Infantry Volunteers, at Elwood,' the regiment being mustered into the service at Atchison, and immediately after was ordered South in General Blunt's command to the State of Arkansas, where he participated in several engagements. In consequence of his extreme youth he gained the designation of " the boy of the regiment." During the last eighteen months of service he was detailed clerk at regimental and post headquarters at Fort Smith, Arkansas. His regiment was mustered out of service at Little Rock, on 26th day of June, 1865, and he returned direct to St. Joseph. In the year 1866 Mr. W. commenced work in the Herald job office, of which the present St. Joseph Steam Printing Company is the out-growth. He has been steadily employed here for the past sixteen years. On the 20th of July, 1871, he mai-ried Miss Margaret E. Long. The fruits of their marriage are four children : Thomas, deceased, Katie L., Mary Jane and Nellie Elizabeth. He is a member of the following orders : St. Joseph Typographical Union, Knights of Pythias and Endowment Rank of same. Subordinate Lodge and Encampment of I. O. O. F. and U. A. O. D. Mrs. Warburton is Noble Grand of the Rebekah Lodge I. O. O. F. W. H. WATERS, is a native of Virginia, and was born at Faulquer's Court House May 29, 1823. At an early age he removed to Henry County, Kentucky, with his parents, and was there reared and educated. In 1843 he came to Missouri, and was the first settler in the town of New Castle, Gentry County. He engaged in merchandising and resided there eighteen years, was postmaster, and for four years Justice of the Peace, and also for a number of years practiced law. In 1865 he came to St. Joseph, and for a time was engaged in trade, and has since been in the employ of different firms— R. L. McDonald, James Sanders, Kahn & Schloss, F. G. Hopkins & Co., and others. Mr. Waters is a gentle- man of wide experience in business, and is favorably known in commer- cial circles of St. Joseph. 932 BIOGRAPHICAL. JOHN WARFIELD, grocer, was born on the 8th of October, 1825, in St. Louis County, Mis- souri, his father, John, Sr., being among the early settlers in the Terri- tory. He was a farmer by vocation,- and young John spent his early days in tilling the soil. In 1841 he commenced to learn the tinner's trade in the establishment of David Andrews, at Boonville, Missouri, remaining six years, after which he went to St. Louis and worked as journeyman for a time. On the 5th of July, 1848, he became a resident of St. Joseph, which at that time was in its primitive state, and Mr. W. has since been a resident. He kept pace with its progress and grew solid like the city. He commenced as a journeyman with Messrs. Con- ner & Love, dealers in stoves and tinware. The_iirm was afterwards Kercheval 81 Welch, and later Kercheval Bros. In 1856 in company with R. F. Maxwell, he bought out this establishment, and the firm was well known until 1872 as Maxwell & Warfield. In that year Mr. W. engaged in his present business. He has been twice married ; first, in 1849 to Miss Elizabeth Johnson, who died, leaving one son, William H. Mr. W. was again married in 1866 to Louisa Johnson, by whom he has one son, Lawrence E. FRED. WEDDLE, farmer, section 26, postofifice St. Joseph, was born May 31, 1830, and is a native of Denmark. Was reared in his native country, receiving a collegiate education. In 1846, he came to America, landing at New York, and from there to Weston, Platte County, Mo., and in a short time to Buchanan County. In 1849, he went to California, and was there engaged in mining and trading till 1854, when he returned to Buchanan County. His farm contains 150 acres. Was married May 22, 1861, to Miss M. C. Nelson, who is a native of Norway, and was born May 18, 1834. They have seven children — Fred A., Peter N., Charlotte, Martha E., Valdemar, Harold and Nettie. JOHN WEEKLY, carpenter and builder, is a native of Hendricks County, Indiana, and was born at Danville, September 2, 1839. Was there a resident until he attained his eighteenth year, when he emigrated to Winterset, Iowa. In 1859, he came to St. Joseph, and in 1861, tendered his services to the Union cause, enlisting in Company D., Twenty-fifth Missouri Volunteer Infantry. He passed through the usual routine of warfare; was taken prisoner by General Price. Served three years when he was honorably discharged. Returned to St. Joseph and has since lived here with the exception of eight years spent in Kansas City. In 1870, Miss J. Julius ST. JOSEPH. 933 became his wife. They have four children, Emma, "Mabel, Lizzie and Fred. PHILIPP WEISS, farmer, section 25, postoffice St. Joseph, was born in Germany, July 24, 1832, and had a good common school education. Emigrated to America in 1850; stopped at Economy, Pennsylvania, for six months, and then went to Cleveland, Ohio, where he remained nine years, following rail- roading most of the time. . Came to Missouri in i860, locating in Buchanan County, where he bought a farm of twenty acres, which is all under fence and in a good state of cultivation. Was in the state militia during the war. Was married in 1865, to Catharine Schickanc, a native of Pennsyl- vania. She was born August 20, 1844. By this union they had eight children — Philipp, born January 18, 1866; Albert, born October 9, 1867; Mary, born May 13, 1869 ; Walter, born June 31, 1870 ; Viola, born May 10, 1872; Lena, born September 12, 1873; Christian, born January 21, 1875 ; and Clara, born February 21, 1878 — all living. He is an Odd Fellow, School Director, Road Overseer, Clerk of School District and President of Directors. ISIDORE WEIL, of the firm of A. N. Schuster & Co., wholesale clothing dealers, was born in New Orleans, Louisiana, November 30, 1843, and lived in his native State until 1856, and then removed to Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, and after a residence of one year went to Newark, New Jersey, where he lived for four years. He was raised with a mercantile experience, and in 1861 came to Illinois and settled first in Monmouth, Warren County, and lived there four years and, thence tc Peoria, Illinois, and in 1866 came to St. Joseph, and for the greater portion of the time has been engaged in the wholesale clothing trade. He was one of the founders of the firm of A. N. Schuster & Co., and he has contributed a full share in sustaining and building up the enviable reputation the house enjoys. He has been twice married ; first, in 1868 to Miss Amanda Houser. She was a native of Europe. Mrs. Weil died in 1878, leaving four children, Carrie, Jacob, Emil, and Herman. His second marriage occurred in November, 1879, to Miss Rosa May. Their family by this marriage is one child, Seymour. L. M. WELLS, collector on St. Joseph bridge. One of the first settlers in the Platte Purchase, and a man with an unlimited acquaintance is Captain J. B. Wells. He erected the first house in, Weston, Platte County, where he 934 BIOGRAPHICAL. was engaged in agricultural pursuits, and for a number of years oper- ated the steam ferry at Riolta. His son, L. M., was born in Platte County, January i6, 1842, and was reared and educated in his native county. For a number of years he was interested with his father in the ferry business. After the Leavenworth bridge was built, in 1874, he took the steamer to Bismarck, Dakota Territory, and disposed of it. He is thoroughly conversant with the details of steamboating, having been engineer, pilot and captain. In 1874, he located in St. Joseph for a time, and was engaged in the steam printing business. On the 27th of May, 1878, he took his present position with the Bridge Company. Mr. Wells has a keen literary taste and keeps posted with the progress of the times. He is engaged extensively in stock herding in Nemaha County, Kansas, where he owns 320 acres of land. In 1869, Miss Elizabeth V. Ingram became his wife. He is a member of the A. O. U. W., and the National American Association. JOHN S. WELCH, of the firm of Studebaker & Welch, wholesale and retail dealers in car- riages and wagons, is a native of Ashland County, Ohio, and was born April I, 1844. He was raised to manhood and educated in South Bend, Indiana. In 1865, in company with the Studebaker Brothers, of wagon manufacturing celebrity, he established a repository in St. Joseph which Mr. Welch managed until 1871, when, in company with Studebaker Brothers he opened a factory, which for five years constituted one of the leading manufacturing industries of the city. They then ceased manu- facturing in St. Joseph and now have all their stock built at South Bend. Their repository is the largest in the Northwest, and their trade of cor- responding magnitude. Mr. Welch was married in 1867 to Miss Hattie Rathburn, of Missouri. They have four children : Philip, Edith, John S. and 01iv,er. Mr. Welch is a member of the Masonic Order. LAWRENCE WELCH, engineer on the St. Joseph and Western Railroad, was born in County Wexford, Ireland, October 8, 1835, and came to America with his parents when quite young, his father, Edwad, locating with the family in Loraine County, Ohio, engaging in agricultural pursuits. Lawrence spent his days in tilling the soil, until he attained his seventeenth year, when he became a brakeman on the old Cleveland and Toledo Railroad, in which capacity he continued for about two years, and then went in the employ of the Detroit and Milwaukee Railroad, and afterwards was with the Chicago and Fort Wayne Company. In April, 1858, he became con- nected with the Hannibal and St. Joseph Railroad, which at that time ST. JOSEPH. 935 had but sixty miles of track, and remained with this company until 1866, working in different capacities. Next went in the employ of the Union Pacific, and was in various departments for that company a considerable length of time, when he went on the Chicago, Rock Island and Pacific Railroad as conductor on a construction train. Remained one year, and then was in the employ of the St. Joseph and Council Bluffs Railroad, continuing until December, 1869, when he went to work for the St. Joseph and Western, then the St. Joseph and Denver. Mr. W. has been a rail- road man for over a quarter of a century, and is thoroughly familiarized with the business. In February, 1881, Mrs. Margaret Garey became his wife. He is a member of the Brotherhood of Locomotive Engineers. H. W. WENNING, carpenter and contractor, was born in Cincinnati, Ohio, November 20, 1850, and was reared, educated, and learned his trade in his native city. In 1870, he became a resident of St. Joseph, and during his sojourn here has worked on a large portion of the finest buildings in the city. Was assistant foreman on the interior work in Tootle's Opera House, and for Herbst & Wiehl, on the Exiposition building. Was married, May 9, 1873, to Miss Julia Leibig, of St. Joseph. They have three children, Adolph, Willie and Lotta. F. WENZ, dealer in boots and shoes, was born in Wurtemberg, Germany, July 6, 184s, and was there raised until he attained his fourteenth year, when he came to America, taking up his abode in St. Joseph. Here he was educated and learned the trade of boot and shoe making. In 1866, he engaged in trade at Savannah, continuing until 1869, when he returned to this city. His store is double and all the available space is well filled. In the spring of 1881, in company with Mr. Christian Frenger and J. H. Igler, he opened a wholesale house and factory. He has an extended acquaintanceship, and is popularly known. Is a Master Mason and Odd Fellow, a member of the Druids, Foresters, Knights of Honor, and belongs to the German Benevolent Society. Miss Caroline Schinder became his wife in 1871. They have three children, Frederick J., Amelia and Loufsa. t HENRY W. WESTOVER, M. D. Among the prominent physicians of St. Joseph, may be mentioned the subject of this sketch. He was born near Cleveland, Ohio, July i, 185 1, and was raised principally in Iowa. He in early life made choice of medicine as a profession, and was graduated fro.m the Chicago Medical College, March 24, 1871. After practicing a short time in Chicago, he 936 BIOGRAPHICAL. went to New York, where he availed himself of the advantages of hos- pital experience, during which time he was graduated in the Homeopa- thic College, and abandoned allopathy, fully convinced that homeopathy was by far the most practical and consistent system. The knowledge thus obtained proved to be of incalculable benefit in his subsequent pro- fessional duties. He came to St. Joseph in 1874, at a time when there were only two physicians of the homeopathic sch&ol in the city. Since then, his practice has steadily increased, and through his efforts, as well as those of his professional brethren, the doctrine of Hahnemann is to-day accepted by many of the leading and most intelligent families of the city. Dr. Westover is a man of acknowledged ability as a physician, and his services as such are recognized by his numerous friends. His kind and sympathetic nature renders him a welcome visitor in the sick room, and to his most thorough qualifications as a physicians may be added promptness and energy in attending the calls of the sick and afflicted. He is a close student, being not only a subscriber to, but a careful reader of the leading medical journals of the day. He was one of the attending surgeons at Ophthalmic Hospital, in New York City, and makes a specialty of surgery. Dr. Westover was President of the Kan- sas and Missouri Valley Medical Society, and is Secretary of the Mis- souri State Medical Society. He is also a corresponding member of the New York Medical Society. He is a member of the Baptist Church. He was married to Miss MoUie L. Christopher, October 29, 1879. She was born in Missouri, October 4, 1856. SAMUEL WESTHEIMER was born in Germany, March 18, 1833, and with an older brother came to the United States in the fall of 1848, settling first in New York City. Remained there four years, learning the tinner's trade. In 1852, he moved to the interior of the state, where he took charge of a large man- ufacturing business, managing it for several years. Came to St. Joseph in 1859, ^i^d embarked in the grocery trade, for which he subsequently substituted the liquor business. In this, as well as all other of his enter- prises, he has been very successful. He has been elected for several terms Councilmen of the Third Ward, where he has gained much dis- tinction for his superior judgment in the difficult duties entrusted to him. He has also held the important position of President of the Jewish congregation for three terms, a marked evidence of his character for intelligence among the Israelites of the city. Mr. Westheimer is the architect of his own fortune. Recognized as self-reliant, honest and capable, no man in. St. Joseph enjoys a fairer record. Was married to Johanna Haas, of Chicago, Illinois, April, 1866. They have eight chil- dren living — Yetta, Helen, Bettie, Sonora, Benny, Ophelia, Blanche and Junietta. ,i(<-^eu ST. JOSEPH. 937 J. F. WEST, carpenter and builder, is a native of Bracken County, Kentucky, and was born August 29, 1838. Was there raised and learned his trade, his early days being spent in tilling the soil. In 1855, he came to Mercer ♦County, Missouri,- and followed agricultural pursuits for a time, thence to Andrew County engaged in various lines, and for a period was engaged in contracting and building. He came to St. Joseph in 1871, where he has been closely identified with its building interests. During the war he was a soldier in Company B, Fifty-first Missouri Volunteer Infantry as a non-commissioned Sergeant. A greater portion of the time was in the secret service department. Previous to going in the service was a member of the Missouri State Militia. In the autumn of 1856, Miss Mary E. Litton became his wife. They have had five children, one of whom is living, Correnia. Four are deceased : Mary L., R. B., Elijah and Sarah. Mr. West is a member of the I. O. O. F. Encampment. G. N. WHITE, Manager for the Consolidated Tank Line and the Detroit Safe Com- pany, was born in Loudoun County, Virginia, January 27, 1852. His father, Daniel T., was among the leading agriculturists of that state, known in commercial circles. White's Ferry, on the Potomac River, derived its name from him, he having operated a ferry there for a num- ber of years. During the rebellion his boats were used in transporting General Banks' troops. At the breaking out of the war the family migrated to Montgomery County, Maryland, where they resided six years. G. N. resided at different points until 1874, when he went to Washington, D. C, remaining until 1880, when he came to St. Joseph. Although but a short time in the city, he is well and popularly known. In 1877, Miss Fannie G. Walker, of Washington, D. C, became his wife. Theyhave one daughter, Edna G. JULIUS WIEHL, carriage painter, is a prominent and well known artist. His father, Joseph, was among the early settlers of Buchanan County, and Julius was born in St. Joseph, April 9, 1857. Was here reared, educated and learned his trade, and has principally made it his home, with the excep- tion of a short time at Sedalia, where he worked in the Missouri, Kansas and Texas Railroad shops, and also at Sweet Springs. He makes a spe- cialty of carriage work, but in sign and ornamental painting will compare favorably with many older and more experienced workmen. 58 938 BIOGRAPHICAL. WIEDMAIER & WILDBERGER, wagon manufacturers. Bartholomew Wiedmaier was born in Wurtem- berg, Germany, in 1832, and came to America in 1844, locating in Buchanan County, Missouri. His father, Joseph, here engaged in farming. In 1849 our subject commenced to learn the wagon making trade with Mr. J. A. Forrest, and his since devoted his entire attention to that buSi-* ness. His first shop was a Cottonwood log building. In 1864 Mr. Wild- berger became his partner. He was married in i860 to Ursula Wild- berger. They have had seven children, five of whom are living : Clara E., now Mrs. C. Hartwig; Frank Albert, deceased; Theodore, deceased; Josie E., Augusta B., Bertha L., and Flora T. He is a Knight of Honor and member of the Foresters and the German Benevolent Society* John Wiidberger was born in Switzerland', February 25, 1839. In his thirteenth year he came to America, his father, Adam, locating in St. Joseph, where John was educated, raised and learned the wagon making trade. In 1861 he enlisted in Company B, Thirteenth Missouri Volun- teer Infantry. Alter the battle of Lexington he was re-enlisted in the Twenty-fifth Missouri, participated at Shiloh and other engagements and was honorably discharged in 1864 at Nashville, Tennessee. He returned to this city and formed a partnership with Mr. Wiedmaier, which still exists. He was married in 1866 to Ann C. Knoth. They have one daughter living, Lizzie ; lost three children, Emma, Albert and an infant. He is a member of the I. O. O. F. Encampment, Foresters, Knight of Honor, and the German Benevolent Society. This firm is an old and well established one, and in the manufacture of lumber wagons do a good business. DANIEL W. WILDER was born in Blackstone, Massachusetts, July 15, 1832. He graduated at the Public Latin School, Boston, and received a Franklin medal ; at Harvard College and received the Bowdoin first prize gold medal ; attended the Harvard Law School and was admitted to the Boston bar. Came to Kansas in 1857 ; settled in Elwood in 1858 ; was elected Judge of Probate of Doniphan County ; came to St. Joseph in i860 and edited the Free Democrat ; went to Leavenworth and edited the Conservative till 1865 ; was Surveyor General of Kansas and Nebraska in 1863-64 — appointed by Mr. Lincoln ; editor of the Rochester (N. Y.) Express in 1 866-67-68 ; of the Leavenworth Conservative in 1868-69- '70; of the Fort Scott Monitor in 1871-72; was for two terms State Auditor of Kansas after two unanimous nominations. In 18715 he received the hon- orary degree of Master of Arts from the University of Kansas, arid wrote the " Annals of Kansas," which was published at Topeka ; returned to St. Joseph in 1876 as the editor of the Herald. ST. JOSEPH. 939 N. H. WILMOT, bookkeeper and general manager at Nash's elevator, was born in Massa- chusetts in 1843, and was there raised and received a good com- mon school education. In 1849, he went to St. Louis, and in 1 861 to St. Paul, Minnesota. Was three years in the army, serv- ing in the Sixth Minnesota Regiment. In 1865, he returned to St. Louis, and in 1867 married Miss Lina B. Salter, a native of New Jersey. They have had three children, one of whom died. In 1868, he came to St. Joseph, where he was engaged in the old Colhoun Bank, and after- wards in the First National Bank. Since 1875 he has been at Nash's elevator. Is a Mason and District Deputy Grand Master of the Four- teenth District A. F. & A. M. He is a Knight Templar and has held prominent positions in other bodies of the order. G. J. WILMOT, manager of McCormick Agency, is a native of New York, where he received an academic education. He taught school in his young days and moved to Wisconsin in 1854, where he continued that business up to 1860. He engaged in the hardware and agricultural business in 1866. He sold out in 1875. Was a member of the Wisconsin State Senate in 1875-6. In i88o he took charge of south one-half of Kansas for McCor- mick Reaper Company. In 188 1 he was transferred to St. Joseph to manage the canvass of Buchanan County, in connection with nine other northwestern counties of Missouri, and seven northeastern counties of Kansas. This depot was established in 1875, carrying all iron mowers, combined mower and dropper, combined reaper and mower, harvesters and hand binders, and wire and twine self-binding harvesters. Also keep large supply of repairs to supply local agents. All goods disposed of at wholesale or retail. JOHN C. WILDBERGER, proprietor of the Platte River House, at Riverton, was born June i7» 1851, in Switzerland, and was brought to the United States by his parents, when about eighteen months old. They settled at St. Joseph, where John was reared, receiving the benefits of an education. He learned the harness-maker's trade, and worked at it five years, and then entered a wholesale liquor house, where he remained five years. He opened the Platte River House in October, 1880. The building is. new and well fitted. He has a bar in connection with it, and a well assorted stock of groceries. He was married April 19, 1877, to Miss Mary Wie- 940 BIOGRAPHICAL. man, a native of St. Louis, born August I2, 1855. They have two chil- dren, Edward and Henry. They are members of the Swiss Benefit Association. CHARLES BROWNELL WILKINSON, confessedly the ablest journalist ever connected with the newspaper press of Upper Missouri, and a man with scarcely a professional superior any where, was born in Waterville, Oneida County, N., Y., October 15, 1827. His ancestors were people of gentle birth in England, and several of them served with distinction in the civil troubles of 1644. In 1-645, one oi them came to America, and settled in Rhode Island. Another mem- ber of the family came to America in the latter part of the seventeenth century and settled in Maryland. Many of. the descendants of both branches of this family subsequently served with distinction in import- ant positions in the gift of the people. The subject of this sketch was educated at the Waterville Academy, New York, and at the age of eigh- teen was prepared to enter the junior class of Hamilton College ; but his father decided to place him in a law office, and, in 1846, he began his legal studies. In 1849, he was admitted at Albany to practice as an attorney and counselor. In the same year he was initiated into Water- ville Lodge, No. 240, I. O. O. F. In 1850, he was made a Master Mason by Sanger Lodge, No. 129, Waterville, in which he afterwards held high official position, and which- he represented in the Grand Lodge of the state. September 10, 185 1, he was married to Miss Cornelia B. Hubbard, of Waterville, who died in St. Joseph, Missouri, December 2, 1865. In 1854, he began the publication of the Waterville Journal, a weekly news- paper, which he sold in 1855, and removed to Toledo, Ohio. Here he was President of the Toledo Nursery Association from June, 1855, to June, 1856. In August, of the same year, he went to Deansville, New York, where he erected a large flouring mill and distillery. In 1857, he issued the first number of the Waterville Times. This is still (1881) a prosperous and influential paper. In the fall of 1859, ^^ was the Demo- cratic nominee for the Legislature in the Second District of Oneida County. He was defeated, but polled a larger vote than his party in every town. In January, i860, he moved to St. Joseph, Missouri, where he resumed the practice of the law. He was an ardent supporter of Stephen A. Douglas for the Presidency, and made many able speeches in his advocacy. During the civil war, he was a strong Union man. In February, 1862, he began the publication of the St. Joseph Morning Her- ald, a journal which immediately presented the stamp of his command- ing genius, and soon became what it is to-day, a representative journal and organ of the Republican party in this part of the state. In August, 1862, he was appointed Internal Revenue Collector for the Third District of Missouri, embracing all that portion of the state lying north of the ST. JOSEPH. 941 Missouri River, and including forty-four counties. The taxes collected amounted to about one million dollars per annum. December 27, 1866, he married Misa Elizabeth Smith, who is still (1881) living. A short time previously he had been elected a member of the Twenty-fourth General Assembly of Missouri. In 1875, while Collector of the Sixth District of Missouri, in consequence of the irregularities of some of his employes, he was charged with being connected with the whisky frauds. Despairing in the complications that existed of obtaining justice, he left the country and visited Australasia. In September, 1876, Mr. Wilkin- son having returned to Missouri, all the cases against him were dis- missed save the one for embezzlement, of which he was convicted on a technicality. Such was the nature of the case, however, that after a careful examination of the same by the Attorney General and the Presi- dent, a full parddn was granted as a matter of right. Neither Mr. Wil- kinson's political friends nor political enemies believed him guilty of any criminal intent. In June, 1878, he was given sole charge of the St. Joseph Gazette, which he continued to edit with his wonted ability for some time. He afterwards moved to Denver, Colorado, where he died January 14, 1881. Charles B.Wilkinson was certainly a man of versa- tile genius and remarkable mental resources, as well as of generous impulses. A finished and accurate scholar as well as an eminently practical man, as a journalist, he had no superior and few equals, any where. THOMAS WILDBAHN, was born in Piqua, Ohio, April 8, 1808, and received his education at the common schools of that place. At the age of eighteen he went to learn the blacksmith trade. When twenty-two years old moved to Portsmouth, Ohio, where he carried on a large shop until he came to St. Joseph in 1845. He purchased the grist mill of Joseph Robidoux, which was the only one in the city, and continued to run it until 1854, when he sold out and went to Kansas, settling near Wathena. There he built a saw mill, which he operated for six years. Disposing of the mill, he returned to St. Joseph, where he has a good home, and continues to live in the enjoyment of the fruits of his labors. He married Miss R. Gharky, of Portsmouth, Ohio, in 1834. They have had three children, Sarah, Susanna and Charles Thomas. Sarah died in infancy. Susanna is the wife of J. W. Bailey, Esq., of St. Joseph, and Charles is a clerk in the house of J. W. Bailey & Co. SAMUEL WILDBAHN (Deceased), was born in Ohio, January 28, 1810, and came to Missouri in 1844, locat- ing at Lexington. A year later he came to St. Joseph, where he made 942 BIOGRAPHICAL. his home till the Mexican war broke out. He fought through that war, and returned to St. Joseph, where he remained a short time and went to California, there residing one year. Returned to St. Joseph and was united in marriage to Miss Elzerie Connett, October i6, 1859. She was a daughter of Major William C. Connett. After their marriage he moved to Texas, and remained till the close of the late war, when he returned to Buchanan County, and settled on his farm, where Mrs. W. now resides, in section 34. The farm contains sixteen aqres. Mr. W. was well and favorably known in St. Joseph and Buchanan County, and had a large circle of friends to mourn his loss. They had four children, three girls and one boy: Mattie A., born in Travers County, Texas, September 10, i860, and married to William S. Ashton, December 15, 1880; Laura L., born in Travers County, Texas, December 7. 1862; Cassie, born in Buchanan County, October 6, 1866 ; Squire T., born in Buchanan County, June 10, 1869. JOHN W. WILSON, contractor and' builder, was born in Garrard County, Kentucky, Feb- ruary 2, 1830, but was principally reared in Washington County. He learned his trade with his father, G. B. In 1851 the family came to St. Joseph, and after a short sojourn, John W. removed to Andrew County, where he engaged in agricultural pursuits, returning in 1863 and for seven or eight years pursued his trade. He then again returned to Andrew County, remaining for a time. During his sojourn in St. Joseph he has been closely identified with its building interests. He married June 23, 1853, Miss Harriet E. Bowland. She died December 11, 1874, leaving a family of nine children : Henry W., Annie E., James B., Fielding, Viola, Hattie, John W., Garrard and Sophia. R. WILSON, proprietor of the box factory, was born in Philadelphia County, Penn- sylvania, April 20, 1804, and after living in different parts until 1855, we find him at Keokuk, Iowa. His boyhood days had been spent on a farm, but after attaining manhood, he learned the milling business of his father, William, who followed that profession. Arriving at Keokuk, he engaged in the sash factory business, continuing for a number of years, and for a time represented the manufacturing company on the road. In 1869, he came to St. Joseph, engaging in his present business, which has been very successful, and in which he receives the hearty endorsement of the wholesale interest of the city by furnishing them boxes at a reasonable rate. In 1879, he was burned out, suffering a heavy loss. In 1829, Miss Lucinda Douglass became his wife. For ST. JOSEPH. 943 fifty-two years they have lived harmoniously, and are still hale and hearty. Mr. and Mrs. Wilson are active members of the Methodist Church. Mr. Wilson, politically, has been a life long Republican. ISAAC WILKINS, foreman of the blacksmith shop at the Kansas City, St. Joseph and Council Bluffs Railroad shops, was born in Wilkshire, England, January 12, 1825, and is a son of Abraham Wilkins. He was there raised td man- hood, educated and learned the blacksmith's trade. In 1851, he came to the United States, locating at Utica, New York, where he worked as a journeyman until 1857, when he came to St. Joseph, and engaged at his trade. He was the first blacksmith on the east end of the Hannibal and St. Joseph Railroad, in the employ of Duff & Osborne, contractors of Utica, New York, and was connected with the Hannibal Road until 1865, when he was employed by the Missouri Valley Railroad, remaining in their employ until 1869. In 1870, he took his present position. He has been looked upon in St. Joseph as a good mechanic. For three terms he was the choice of the voters of the Fifth Ward as their representative in the Council, and also has been a member of the school board. For a number of years he has been warden of Christ Church. Since 1865, he has been instrumental in having services conducted in the Holy Trinity Church. Much credit is due him for the manifest interest and his assistance in securing the erection of the Church of the Holy Trinity, on Eleventh and Monterey Streets. He was married in 1846, to Miss Honor Curtis, of England. They have four children — J. J., Walter G., Mather H. and Sarah, now Mrs. John Dodge. JOSEPH WILLIAMS, foreman of boiler shops of the Kansas City, St. Joseph & Council Bluffs Railroad, was born in London, England, December 31, 1836, and was raised to manhood, educated, and learned his trade in that city. For a Dumber of years he was engaged in iron ship building. Was in the employ of Penn & Co., London, and in Her Majesty's dock yards, at Plymouth, Sheerness, Woolwich, and Chatham. For seven years he was in the employ of Miller & Co., marine engine builders ; also, was con- nected with the famous Thames Company (limited), and many other well known iron ship building establishments. While in the yard at Sheerness, in 1864, he was deputized to take a company of boiler makers to France and repair Her Majesty's ship Victor. Mr. W. had the advan- tage of seeing and working on some of the finest ships that ply the ocean, and was tutored under the best mechanics of the age. In 1866 he came to the United States, and after a six months' residence in New 944 BIOGRAPHICAL. York, went to Macon, Georgia, remaining twelve months, thence to New Orleans, and after four months came to St. Louis, remaining nine months, when he located in Hannibal. At these different points he worked at his trade. At Macon he was in the employ of the Macon & Western Railway, and for a time was at Atlanta in the State shops. He remained in Hannibal with the Hannibal & St. Joseph Company until 1872^ when he came to St. Joseph, and has been foreman in the boiler shops- for the Kansas City, St. Joseph & Council Bluffs Company since. He- was married in March, 1770, to Miss Mary Francis. They have three children, Mary Elizabeth, Francis Matilda, and Joseph Edmond. Mr. Williams is a Mason, St. Johns Lodge, No. 28, Hannibal ; also a member of the L O. O. F. GEO. WILLIAMSON, horse-shoer, was born in this county October 18, 1858, and was here principally raised. His father, Geo. W., was among the early settlers, and is well known. In 1872 the subject of this sketch went to Kansas, where he learned the blacksmithing trade. In 1878 he opened a shop in St. Joseph. His superior skill as a workman has given him an envia- ble reputation, and he does a large business. He was married in 1880 to Miss Carrie Edelbrock, an estimable young lady of this city. REUBEN WILLIAMS, • carpenter and builder, was born in Schuyler County, Illinois, February 22,. 1836, and when seven years of age removed to Missouri with his parents^ his father, John, locating in the Platte Purchase. The subject of this sketch became a resident of St. Joseph in 1855, and has since lived here with the exception of his term in the service. He enlisted in the Union army September 22, 1863, in the Twelfth Missouri Cavalry and partici- pated in several stirring engagments. From exposure and sickness he was deprived of the sight of one eye and the other is badly affected. Mr. Williams has contributed amply to the upbuilding of St. Joseph, and as a mechanic stands among the leaders. He was married in Octo- ber, 1867, to Miss Lucy A. Hart. He is a member of the Free Com- munion Baptist Church. THOMAS WINN, stair-builder, is a native of Schuylkill County, Pennsylvania, and was born December 11, 1838. He was there raised to manhood, educated and learned his trade, remaining until the breaking out of the rebellion, when he enlisted in Company K, Fifth Pennsylvania Cavalry. He was a non-commissioned Sergeant during Ms, term of service^ and partici- ST. JOSEPH. 945 pated in the seven days fight at Richmond, Williamsburg, Petersburg, Rome Station, and others. Was taken prisoner at the latter battle but escaped the guard. While skirmishing near Danville, he was slightly- wounded. He was one of the first mounted men to cross the chain bridge, after the Bull Run engagament ; participated in that memorable contest when the Unionists fought among themselves by mistake ; was honorably discharged at the expiration of his term, and returned to Pennsylvania, and engaged in working at his trade, there continuing until 1872, when he became a resident of St. Joseph. His skill as a mechanic may be inferred from the fact that for a number of years he has been superintendent of school buildings in the city. His wife was formerly Miss Margeret Turner. His parents were Samuel Winn and Mary Moore, the family being of English extraction. Mr. Winn is a member of the Masonic fraternity. P. V. WISE, was born in Franklin County, Kentucky, June 17, 1832, and removed to Quincy, Illinois, in 1834, and thence to the northwestern territory in 1836, in what is now Wisconsin, near Galena. Here it vvas that the sub- ject of our sketch first commenced the active battle of life. His educa- tion was limited, the schools of the day being few in number and infe- rior in quality. The first school house he entered was three miles from his home, and owing to the illness of his father he was never permitted to attend a term continuously. At the age of fifteen he commenced business for himself as a farmer and burner of charcoal. In 1849, he went to California, taking the overland route via Salt Lake City. He and Colonel Ashel Woods put up the first stone building in Shasta. In his mining operations he was satisfactorily successful. After a severe attack of congestive chills he returned to the States, and in 1850 com- menced the study of law and was admitted to the bar at Lancaster, Wisconsin, in 1853, by Judge Jackson. He opened an ofifice in Prescott, and engaged in the active duties of his profession, in connection with which he did a large real estate business, and between 1854 and 1856 bought and sold more land in his own name than any man in the St. Croix Valley. In 1853, he was elected clerk of the board of supervisors, and in 1854, prosecuting attorney of the district. In 1856, he was admitted to practice in the Supreme Court of the state, and did a large business in all the courts of Pierce County and had an extended prac- tice in the adjoining counties of Wisconsin and Minnesota, as well as in the United States courts and departments in, Washington. In 1858, he was elected Mayor of Prescott, and in 1858 he published the Northwest- ern Democrat, which he continued until i860. It was a representative of Reform Democracy, and being disgusted with the actions of the 946 BIOGRAPHICAL. JNational Democratic Committee he abandoned the party and supported Mr. Lincoln for the Presidency. While living here he showed a worthy public spiritedness in erecting the largest building in the city, and one that besides being used for business purposes was used for court room, church and public hall. In i860, he disposed of his law business and went to Memphis, Tennessee. Refusing to enter the Confederate ser- vice, he and his wife were chased by the vigilance committee and nar- rowly escaped with their lives. He returned to Prescott and raised Company F, First Wisconsin Regiment, and was commissioned second lieutenant, and in December, 1861, was promoted to first lieutenant, and in April, 1862, to captain. After an exciting campaign through Kentucky, Tennessee and Northern Alabama, he was severely wounded October 8, 1862, at Perryville, and was reported dead. He remained on the battle field until October 14, his only attendant being a colored man, and it was not until the ijth that his wounds were dressed. He made liis way to Louisville by private conveyance, and obtained with diffi- culty, leave of absence and returned to his home. In December he returned to Louisville and was placed on duty as a member of a court martial, and in company with Major Farris had charge of barracks No. I, which placed them in command of the police duty of the city. The difficulties they had to contend with were many. Suffice to say it became one of the most quiet and orderly cities in the Union. For a time he had charge of the secret service, and also of transportation, and in September, 1862, was relieved at his own request, and joined his command in Alabama, but his wounds prevented him from engaging in active duties in the field, and he was ordered back to Nashville, thence to Louisville and Camp Dennison, Ohio. In November he was trans- ferred to Camp Chase, and made post adjutant. December 27, Captain Wise was transferred to Camp Douglas, Chicago, for duty in the Fif- teenth United States Infantry. He resigned February 8, 1864, and returned to his home, but March 31 he re-enlisted as a private in Com- pany F, Thirty-seventh Wisconsin Infantry, in which he was appointed sergeant major, and was assigned to command and drill of Company K, wholly composed of Menominee Indians. He made application for an examination for a position in the regular army, which was granted by Hon. E. M. Stanton. The examination took place, he only missing one question, and was recommended for a first-class captaincy. He arrived before Petersburg, Virginia, in June, 1864, and went into trenches imme- diately in front of the enemy, and was almost constantly under fire. In the battles that followed, he, with his company, displayed heroic con- duct and rendered valuable assistance to the Union cause, but not with- out great sacrifice of life. Captain Wise resigned his commission May 19, 1865, returned to his home and resumed the practice of law and act- ing as real estate, claim and insurance agent. In November, 1869, he ST. JOSEPH. 947 visited St. Joseph, and made arrangements to settle here. In 1872, he engaged in underwriting as a representative of independent insurance. A bitter fight by the board companies was the result, but his business incteased, and in 1878 the board collapsed. In connection with his insurance business he has been a successful claim agent. In 1879, he visited England and the continent, and contributed numerous interest- ing articles to the newspapers. He is a member of the principal benev- olent orders and associations,- and frequently represented them in the grand lodge. He is a radical in politics and thinks for himself ' He is unqualifiedly opposed to all kinds of slavery, either of body or mind. He married Miss E. S. Hammond, April 10, 1853. She is a native of Missouri, To them have been born six children, only one of whom is now living- WILLIAM WOMACH was born in Bowling Green, Virginia, June 22, 1812, and remained there until 1825, when he moved to Lexington, Missouri, whence in the year 1838 he came to i5uchanan County. He married the daughter of the well known Alfred M. Rector and settled near DeKalb this county, which is the birth place of his three children. In 1862 he left for the Colorado mines, where he remained until 1871, when he returned to the old home, where he continued to reside up to the period of his death which occurred in August, 1872. ROBERT WOMACH, was born in Buchanan County, Missouri, January i, 1852. He lived on a farm till he was twelve years of age, when he went with his father, William Womadi, who was very successful in the freighting business, to Denver, Colorado, where he attended school and received a good educa- tion. Returning from Colorado, he first engaged in the drug business in ■ DeKalb with Dr. Rose, a practicing physician of that town. He after- wards moved to St. Joseph, where he embarked in the grocery trade, which he still (1881) continues successfully to conduct. In the spring of 1881 he was elected a councilman of the city as an Independent against two popular candidates. SILAS WOODSON, ex-Governor of the State of Missouri, and, for twenty-seven years, a res- ident of St, Joseph, was born in Knox County, Kentucky, May 18, 1819. He worked on his father's farm, attended the log-cabin school house of the neighborhood, and occupied his leisure time in reading and study. His stout heart, resolute will, and untiring industry have resulted in achieving for him the distinction of a self-made man. At the age of 948 BIOGRAPHICAL. eighteen, he left the farm and engaged, for a short time, in selling goods. This occupation failing to prove congenial to his taste, he commenced the study of law, and in 1839, was licensed to practice. Success crowned his efforts. In 1842, at the early age of twenty-three, he was elected a member of the General Assembly. At the expiration of his term, he declined re-election devoting his time to his profession, his ability in which was fully recognized by Judge Owsley, who appointed him to the position of Circuit Attorney for the Twelfth Judicial District. Re-ap- pointed, he soon after resigned the position, his growing and lucrative practice demanding his entire time. In 1849, ^^ was elected a member of the Constitutional Convention of Kentucky. In 1853, he was again elected a member of the Legislature, and with the expiration of this term closed his official career in Kentucky. In August, 1854, he moved to Missouri, settling in St. Joseph, his present (1881) home, where hecon- tinued successfully to practice his profession until i860, when he was elected Judge of the Twelfth Judicial Circuit, in the discharge of the duties of which position he achieved an enviable reputation, and at the close of his term, again resumed the lucrative practice of his profession. In August, 1872, he was nominated by the State Democratic Convention to the office of Governor of Missouri. The presentation of his name on this occasion, during the progress of the fourth ballot, was received with such enthusiasm that the nomination was carried substantially by acclamation. His election over his competitor, Hon. J. B. Henderson, was carried by a majority of 35,442. The manner in which Governor Woodson discharged, during the two years of service in this exalted position, the duties of the same, is a matter of just pride to, his numer- ous constituents. At the expiration of his official term he again resumed the practice of his profession in St. Joseph. Governor Woodson has been three times married. His last marriage occurred December 27, 1866, to Miss Jennie Lard, daughter of Moses E. Lafd, of Kentucky, one of the most distinguished ministers of the Christian Church in the United States. By this union they have several children. J. R. WOODS, carpenter and builder, is a native of Ohio and was born in Highland County, October 5, 1848, and when one year old he removed with his parents to DesMoines, Iowa, where his father, John A., still resides, and has been closely associated with the development of that city. Here J. R. was raised, educated and partially learned his trade, residing there until 1868, when he commenced traveling and lived temporarily in Chi- cago, St. Louis, Salt Lake and other points, eventually locating in St. Joseph in 1878, where he has since been engaged at his trade. He was married in 1877 to Miss Mary Clark, of Missouri. Mr. Woods is a member of the Carpenters Union. ST. JOSEPH. 949 WILLIAM M. WYETH was born in Harrisburg, Pennsylvania, February 17, 1832, and received his education at the Harrisburg Military Academy, where he pursued an academical course. After graduating, he removed to Chillicothe, Ohio, where he commenced his mercantile experience in a dry goods store. After remaining in this house four years the firm went out of business, and he entered a hardware store in 1852. In 1856, Mr. Wyeth and a capitalist of the place purchased the stock and continued the business until 1859, when Mr. Wyeth sold his interest and started in search of a better location. After traveling through Kentucky, Tennessee, Arkan- sas and Missouri, he decided to make his home in St. Joseph, satisfied that it was destined to be the important place it has since become. In i860, he opened a hardware store of very moderate character, in Corby's Block, where he remained until 1865, when the block was burned. After the fire he removed to the building adjoining the Herald office, on Sec- ond Streetj where he remained until his new store on Third Street, was completed. In addition to their extensiye hardware business, they have manufactured largely of saddles, harness and collars, which, like their hardware, sold only at wholesale. The retail hardware business was made a separate branch in 1869. The business has been constantly enlarged, and at the present time is the most extensive of the kind in St. Joseph, and occupies more floor surface than any other mercantile establishment in the city. Mr. Wyeth has spent two years traveling in Europe. Nature and his extended travel has bestowed on him that pol- ished and attractive manner which has readily gained him so many friends, while he is noted for his unassuming manners, the modesty of his demeanor, and the simplicity of his habits. As a business man he is prompt, energetic and painstaking, and of the strictest honesty and integrity. By his carefulness and long experience, he is enabled to carry on with ease his large and extensive business, and add to it from year to year. He was married September 28, 1858, to Miss Renick, of Ross County, Ohio- ELDER J. J. WYATT. One of the most worthy citizens that ever made his home in St. Joseph was born in Sinclair County, Illinois, July 13, 1819. On the 22d of Sep- tember, 182 1, his mother died and his father removed to Fleming County, Kentucky, where the youth of Mr. Wyatt was spent. He enjoyed good educational advantages and was a diligent student. Forming a taste for the practice of law he entered the office of John Cavan, a leading attorney of the place, and after a thorough preparation was admitted to the bar. He was married March 28, 1844, to Miss Emily M. Gooding. To them twelve children were born only three of whom aire now living. 950 BIOGRAPHICAL. In June, 1845, Elder Wyatt came to St. Joseph and commenced the practice of his profession. He filled the office of Probate Judge and Judge of the Court of Common Pleas and during the years 1866 and 1867 he was Postmaster of St. Joseph and in the various positions of trust and honor, which he was called to fill, he discharged his offi- cial duties with scrupulous care and fidelity. He identified himself with the Christian Church in November, 1850, and at once commenced preach- ing the Word of Life. He was called to take- pastoral charge of the Christian Church, of which he was the founder. The congregation first held their meetings in a little log church, situated on the hill, where the present stately court house now stands. He continued in charge of the church for a number of years, and only left its pastoral charge at his own request. But in the meantime he had seen the congregation increase from a mere handful to a large number, rich in means and influence, and powerful for great good in our midst. During the past twenty-one years. Elder Wyatt had charge of Union Church, near Taos, in this county, and for fifteen years he has preached steadily at Bethel. He, at the time of his death, also had charge of the congregations at Camden Point and Antioch. Elder Wyatt passed an active life, and the best part of his days were spent in the ministry — preaching the word of God to mankind to make them better men, and better christians. It was a work in which he took earnest interest, and it was his delight to be at work in the harness, doing the greatest good to the greatest number. The deceased was one of the founders of the college at Camden Point, and at the time of his death was one of the trustees of that institution. He was a man of strong personal attachments, and he endeared to him all who knew him. He died suddenly, April 9, 1881. His private life and public record are alike untarnished, and the esteem in which he was held by the pastors of the city is expressed in the following resolutions : Whereas, It has pleased our Heavenly Father to remove from our midst by death, our beloved brother and co-laborer in the gospel of Christ, Elder J. J. Wyatt ; therefore Resolved, By the Pastor's Union of St. Joseph, Missouri, that in the death of Brother Wyatt, the cause of Christ has lost one of its brightest ornaments, and most devoted, efficient and worthy ministerial laborers. Second, That as ministers we feel that it is due to the departed, and a great, though sad privilege to us to give expression, to our very high appreciation of the sterling worth and Christian character of our brother in the ministry and of his efficient labors and influence for good as a min- ister of the Lord Jesus. Third, That in the mature Christian character and exemplary life of Rev. Mr. Wyatt we feel that our holy calling has been honored before God, and the community in which he has so long lived and labored, and by whom he was so well and so favorably known, and that we will ever cherish his Christian spirit and example, and be encouraged to greater diligence and fidelity in our calling a<5 ministers of God by the memory ST. JOSEPH. 95 I of his faithful Christian life, and that we will follow him as he followed Christ, till we, too, shall join him in the fellowship of the church of the first born above. Fourth, That we tender to the Christian denomination, in which he so long ministered, our fraternal sympathy in their bereavement and great loss, and most devoutly pray that the mantle of our deceased brother may fall upon others of the church who shall imitate him in his superior Christian character and efficiency of labor in the ministry, and for the salvation of souls. Fifth, That we tender to the bereaved wife and family the deep sympathy of our hearts in this time of great sorrow, and pray our kind Heavenly Father to support them in their hour of grief, and bestow upon them, each and all, the rich consolations of that gospel which our brother so long and so faithfully proclaimed to dying men, and in the certain, blessed hope of which he rejoiced through so many years, and the blessed fruition of which he doubtless realizes now in its completeness, in the presence and kingdom of God. Sixth, That a copy of these resolutions be sent to the bereaved family, and also for insertion in the papers of the city. E. K. MILLER, JAMES RUNCIE, RICHARD S. CAMPBELL, W. R. SEAVER, WILLIAM HARRIS, E. H. SHERWOOD, H. BULLARD. J. C. WYATT, son of Judge J. J. Wyatt, was born in St. Joseph, August ii, 1845, where he received a good education in the schools of the city. He early determined on a mercantile life, and entered a store in the capacity of clerk. Devoting his attention strictly to business, he soon acquired a knowledge of the same, which resulted in his rapid advancement, and to-day (i88i) he is a member of the firm of Townsend, Wyatt & Co., one of the largest retail dry goods houses in St. Joseph. His first experience in business was in the agricultural implement house of A. G. Mansfield, the first of the kind established in the city. Here he remained till 1865. He then entered the dry goods store of Nave & Rowley, where he remained one year. In 1877 the present representa- tive firm of Townsend, Wyatt & Co., above referred to, was formed. October, 1875, Mr. J. C. Wyatt married Miss Katie Garrard, of Boone County, Missouri. They have two children, Calvin G. and Aubrey. In religious matters he is an emulator of his venerable father, whose decease in 1881 was a source of universal regret, and is an active mem- ber of the Christian Church in St. Joseph. FILLMORE WYATT, foreman, with the Kansas City, St. Joseph & Council Bluffs Railway, is a native of Canada, and was born in Danville, May 21, 1849. When 952 BIOGRAPHICAL. fifteen years of age he came to the United States, and resided in differ- ent States until 1871, when he came to St. Joseph, and has since been in the employ of the Kansas City, St. Joseph & Council Bluffs Company. In early life he learned the carpenter trade, and in that branch is thor- oughly skilled. As a railroad man he is conversant with the detail of track laying, surfacing, etc., and is among the trusted employes of the company. In private life Mr. Wyatt is a genial and companionable gen- tleman. In 1874 Miss L. E. Meyers becanie his wife. They have one son, Geoege E. A. S. YETTER, foreman painter of locoinotive department for the St. Joseph & Western Railroad Company, is a native of Germany, and was born in Wurtem- berg. May 8th, 1840. When thirteen years of age he came to America with his parents, locating in Milwaukee, Wisconsin, where he was reared and educated, and learned his trade with Harper Bros. After this he was in the employ of the Milwaukee & St. Paul Railroad as painter. In 1859 he went to Buffalo, New York, and was shipwrecked while en route on Lake Huron. He worked for a time at St. Catharine, Canada, Cleveland, and Cincinnati. His mother had died and his father and only brother had returned to Germany. When the rebellion broke out A. S. was in New Orleans and was forced into the Confeder- ate army ; served three months and deserted while on guard, secreted himself in the cane-brakes, and after traveling for three nights and not having any food or drink, he made his way to a Union camp. He came North, locating in Wisconsin, and in 1861 he was married to Miss Johanna Fieber in Grafton, Wisconsin. He soon moved to Milwaukee and worked at his trade until 1866, when he came to St. Joseph, and for two years was in partnership with George Pooler ; also for two years and a half in the employ of the Kansas City, St. Joseph & Council Bluffs Railroad Company. In 1871 he commenced with the St. Joseph & Western as foreman painter. When the car and locomotive depart- ments were made separate he was placed in charge of the latter. Mr. Yetter is a gentleman favorably known in St. Joseph, and as a painter is master of the profession in all its details. His wife died in 1874, leav- ing five children, Julia, Clara, Willie L., Edward J., and Ida. In 1878 Miss Annie Deichmann became his wife, by whom he has one daughter, Martha. Mr. Y. is a member of the St. Joseph Turn Verein, Enterprise Lodge of I. O. O. F., South St. Joseph Grove of Druids, and Orderly Sergeant of the Turner Rifles, Company B, Second Battalion National Guards of Missouri. He helped organize Wallhalla Grove of Druids, and was First Vice Arch and for five successive years was trustee ; has been four times representative to the Grand Grove ; was appointed by ST. JOSEPH. 953 the Grand Grove as District Deputy Grand Arch for three years. He organized Centennial Grove, No. 35, and also South St. Joseph Grove, No. 37, U. A. O. D. E. C. ZIMMERMAN was born in Frederick City, Maryland, October 28, 1845. His father was a merchant in Frederick City and in Baltimore for many years. Received a good education at Heidleburg College. In 1859, he moved to St. Joseph, and entered as a student the law office of Judge I. C. Parker, of this city, and was admitted to the bar in 1869. Like many adventurers in quest of wealth, he went to Leadville, invested a large amount in mining speculations, which ultimately proved a failure. He returned to St. Joseph with what he had left, and commenced buying and selling property and building houses for rent. By close attention to business he has laid the foundation for a successful career. In his intercourse with the world he is known no less for his strict integrity than for his rigorous exaction of the same conduct on the part of those with whom he transacts business. In i868, he married Miss Ada Haw- ley, of St. Joseph, daughter of James Hawley, Esq., now living in Iowa. . They have two children — Eugene and Lura. GEORGE H. ZIPH, ■proprietor of the sheet iron and copper works was born in Germany in 1843, and while young came to the United States with his parents, locat- ing in New York, where they resided three years. They then migrated to Illinois, where our subject was reared, educated and learned his trade. In 1868, he came to St. Joseph, engaging in the sheet iron work, which he makes a specialty. He does a lucrative trade, being known as a first ■class workman. He is a member of the Turner Society. HENRY ZONDLER, -dealer in wines, liquors and cigars, was born in Wurtemberg, Germany, July 20, 1843, and was there reared and learned the shoemaker's trade. In 1867, he came to the United States, locating temporarily in different places and working at his trade, until 1869, when he took up his abode in St. Joseph. In 1870, he opened a shop and was engaged in the manu- facture of boots and shoes until the spring of 1881, when he engaged in his present business. May 3,- 1870, Miss Mary Michalke became his wife. They have three children — Henry, Charles and Eda. Mr. Zondler is a member of the I. O. O. F. and the German Benevolent Society. J. W. ZOOK 'is a native of Ohio. His parents emigrated to Missouri when he was a small boy, locating in Holt County, in 1842. Resided there up to 1872, i>eing engaged in the general merchandise business. In 1872, at St, 954 BIOGRAPHICAL. Joseph, he branched out into the pork business with D. Pinger & Co., which lasted until 1878, at which time he .became lessee of the stock yards. In this business he employs six men. In 1864, he was married to Miss Von Luenen, a native of Germany. Have had four children, all alive except one. Mr. Zook is still connected with the pork business. Is an active, energetic business man, and justly merits the success which has been his portion through life. A. ZUNKEL, dealer in furniture, stoves and second-hand goods, is a native of Ger- many, and was born in Prussia, March 17, 1844. He was there raised to manhood, educated and learned the cabinet making trade. Came to the United States in 1865, locating in St. Louis for a time, after which he drifted into the Western country. He traveled around considerably and eventually in 187 1 located in St. Joseph. For a few years he was ia the employ of L. Hax, also for a time was president and a member of the Union Furniture Company. After this he embarked in trade. He is a skilled workman, is favorably known, and does a lucrative trade. He married in 1878 Miss Amelia Swarder. They have one daughter, Clara. Mr. Z. is an Encampment Odd Fellow. J. P. FAIRCHILD'S PATENT STREET SPRINKLER. MARION TOWNSHIP. BIRT, BOYER & CO., dealers in general merchandise, Easton. George F. Birt, of this firm, was born April 19, 1857, in DeKalb County, Missouri, where he was principally reared and educated, spending his boyhood days on a farm. Came to Buchanan County in the fall of 1874, and entered as clerk in the same store in which he is now interested. After working four years in this capacity, he became a partner. In January, 1881, a new partnership was formed. They have a complete stock of general merchandise and also deal in agricultural implements. Mr. B. was married February i, 1 88 1, to Miss Laura Gibson, a native of this county, born in January, 1858. They are members of the Cumberland Presbyterian Church. P. R. BLACKFORD, blacksmith and inventor, San Antonio, was born August 13, 185 1, in Lawrence County, Ohio, and was taken to Nodaway County, Missouri, when aboiat five years of age. He spent his boyhood days on a farm, and received a common school education. His father was killed in 1861, and since that time P. R. has taken care of himself. He commenced to learn the blacksmith trade in 1872, and has worked at it since. He moved to San Antonio February 10, 1879, and now has a neat and well arranged shop. He has displayed quite a taste for inventing, and already has two patents. His field roller, known as the Blackford and Davis Roller, is a novelty in design. His patent stalk cutter is something new, and, like the roller, gives vast advantages over other machinery. He also has a new idea in the shape of a three-horse whiffletree. His machinery has met with the approval of some of the best farmers in the state. He was married November 23, 1875, to Miss Sarah S. Owens, a native of Nodaway, County, Missouri, born in 1857. They have had three children, Henry, Ira and Delbert. Himself and wife are members of the Cumberland Church. ISAAC N. BROOKS, farmer and stock raiser, section 19, postoffice Easton, was born July 15, 1819, in Madison County, Kentucky, and accompanied his parents to Orange County, Indiana, in, 1827, and he remained there until 1833, when 956 BIOGRAPHICAL. he emigrated West, and settled in what is now known as Johnson County, Missouri. In 1837, he took a trip through the Platte Purchase. He and his father took up claims on Contrary Creek, in 1838, and engaged in the cattle business. They moved to Platte County in 1839, and here Isaac has made his home and in Buchanan County since. He is.a pioneer of this country, and relates many interesting reminiscences of his early struggles. In 1852, he opened a general store at Platte River Postoffice, which he continued to keep for three years. He made two trips to Texas, one in 1861, and the other in 1862, and came to this county to reside permanently, in 1865. He engaged in clerking in vari- ous stores, for three years, in St. Joseph, and then commenced the livery business, running the Allen House in connection. This he followed for three years. For two years he kept the Buchanan County Jail. He filled the position of Street Commissioner of St. Joseph three years — longer than any other person has done, and resigned on the 8th of Feb- ruary, 1 88 1, and moved to his farm. This consists of 155 acres of well improved and well watered land. Mr. B. is a member of the Knights Templar No. 4, and of Mitchell Chapter of St. Joseph, and was one of the charter members in the Chapter. He has been twice married : First, in 1841, to Miss Elizabeth Owens, who was the second white child born in Liberty, Clay County, Missouri. Her birth was March 18, 1824. She died January 10, 1874, leaving eight children : Lydia, William G., Sandford O., Brydon F., Isaac J., Rosalie, Florence and Mollie. He was married again, November 5, 1879, to Miss B. Denney, a native of Ohio, born November 17, 1846. She is a member of the Congregational Church. JUDGE LEWIS F. CARPENTER, was born in Loudoun County, Virginia, January 21, 18 18. His father, Matthew Carpenter, was a representative man in that country. He was a soldier in the war of 18 12, and a descendant of some of the earliest settlers of the Old Dominion. His mother's maiden name was Harriet Benson. She was of French descent. Lewis F. was the eldest of a family of eight children, and was raised in his native county, where he received such education as was attainable in that day and county. At the age of seventeen, he went to Front Royal in Warren County, Virginia, where he spent seven years learning the wagon-making trade. September 28, 1843, he married Miss Elizabeth Varner, a native of Page County, Virginia. In the fall of 1854, he left for the West, and on the 9th of November of the same year arrived in St. Joseph, where he remained till the following spring, when he purchased 254 acres of land in the northeast corner of the county. Of this he has made one of the best improved farms in the county. Few men have contributed more MARION TOWNSHIP. 957 materially to the growth and development of the same. In politics he is a Democrat, having voted that ticket since 1840, when he cast his first vote for President Van Buren. He has raised a family of ten children, nine sons and one daughter : Wm. H., Dr. Stephen F., a representative physician of St. Joseph ; Daniel E., a farmer of Andrew County ; Thos. J. and Robert S., residents of St. Joseph ; John A., Franklin P., Eddie, Burr H. and Mary E. Carpenter. In the fall of 1880, Lewis F. Carpenter was elected Judge of the County Court of Buchanan County, and bears the reputation of a capable and popular official. WARREN DAVIS, farmer and stock raiser, section 36, postoffice Easton, was born Febru- ary 19, 1843, in Marion Township, Buchanan County, Missouri. His parents, who were natives of Ohio, came to this county in 1842. War- ren spent his boyhood days on a farm and received his education in the schools of this county. He owns a fine farm of lOO acres, improved and well stocked, and also has a good orchard. He has filled the posi- tion of school director and clerk for several terms. Was married, in January, 1865, to Miss Isabella Glen, a daughter of Hugh Glen, one of the oldest pioneers in the county. She was born in 1842. They have five children, Cora A., Aleck G., Missouri L., Effie L., and Joseph W. They are members of the Cumberland Presbyterian Church. CLARK DEPPIN, farmer and stock raiser, section 10, postoffice Riverton, was born November S, 1839, in Ohio, and was brought to this county by his parents when about one year old, and has been reared here as a farmer. He here received his education. His landed estate consists of 348 acres of well improved land. He was married October 8, 1861, to Miss Frances Pierce, a native of Springfield, Illinois, born August 31, 1843. They have four children living, Maggie E., William A., Annie M., Mary C; lost seven. Himself and wife are members of the Cumberland Pres- byterian Church. GEORGE W. HOMAN, farmer and stock raiser, section 25, postoffice Easton, was born May 28, 1841, in Baltimore County, Maryland, and spent his boyhood days on a farm, receiving a common school education. Learned the carpenter's trade in his youth and has followed it considerably during life. During, the late war he belonged to General Sherman's construction corps, and went with him to Atlanta, Georgia; then returned and afterwards joined him in South Carolina. He emigrated west in the spring of 1865, and 958 BIOGRAPHICAL. settled in this county, where he has since remained, and now owns a fine farm of 120 acres, which is well improved and stocked. Mr. H. has filled the officd of school director several terms. Was married, January 5, 1867, to Miss Delilah Missemer, a native of Lebanon County, Pennsyl- vania, born in November, 1844. They have five children, Harry, Char- lie, Raymond, George and Emmitt. Mrs. H. is a member of the Pres- byterian Church. Mr. H. belongs to the Methodist denomination. JACOB HOPPEL, proprietor of the Easton House, Easton, was born February 7, 1834, in Lebanon County, Pennsylvania, and there was principally reared and received his education. He was raised on a farm. During the late war he enlisted in Company G, Forty-fourth Missouri Infantry in 1864, and took part in the battles of Nashville, Mobile, Spanish Fort, Fort Blakley and many other minor engagements. He came to this county April 15, 1861, and has here made his home since, being engaged in farming most of the time. He took charge of the Easton House on the 4th of April, 1 88 1, and at present is doing a fair business. He ^is also interested in the sale of agricultural implements, and has a stock on hand suitable to the wants of the farmers. He holds the position of street commissioner of Easton. Mr. H. was married in November, 1874, to Miss Mary Miller, a native of Ohio. She was born May 23, 1853. They have two children living, Cora and Elmer L. Mrs. H. is a member of the Presby- terian Church. H. B. IBA, postmaster and boot and shoemaker, Easton, was born March 13, 1836, in Lebanon County, Pennsylvania. His father was a farmer and shoe- maker, and H. B. learned the trade when a boy. Spent his youthful days on the farm, and received his education in the schools of that county, first engaging in teaching in 1855. Taught two years, and after- wards went to Philadelphia in 1864, and remained there one year. Returning to his native county, he taught a year. Emigrated west in the spring of 1866, and arrived in Easton in April, and has made this his home since, except the year 1875, which he spent in St. Joseph. He holds the position of postmaster. Was married January 13,. 1856, to Miss Lavina S. Barkey, a native of the same place as himself She was born in April, 1836. They have three children living, Calvin F., Lizzie B. and Henry. Himself and wife are members of the Presbyterian Church, and Mr. Iba is the only one of the original Trustees of the church of Easton now remaining. MARION TOWNSHIP. 959 GEORGE M. KERNS, farmer and stock raiser, section 4, postoffice Easton, was born August 31, 1844, in Clinton County, Missouri, and was principally reared as a farmer, and there received his education. During the late war, he dis- played his patriotism by enlisting in the State Militia, serving for eigh- teen months, and took part in several small skirmishes. At the close of the war he again turned his attention to farming. In January, 1870, he settled on the place which he now occupies, and since that time has been a resident of this county. His landed estate consists of 160 acres, where he resides, and 80 acres in DeKalb County, all improved. He has always shown a commendable spirit in forwarding the interests of the county. December 23, 1874, he was married to Miss Keziah Strowd, a native of Indiana, born in 1845. They have had four children : Flor- ence B., David F., Helen and Alice. Mrs. K. is a member of the Pres- byterian Church. JOHN F. KEYS, dealer in general merchandise, Easton, was born January i, 1839, in Har- rison County, Va., and was brought to Platte County, Mo., when quite young, and to this county in 1843. Here he was reared as a farmer, and also engaged in teaching for some time. He commenced the mercan- tile business at Easton, September 14, 1857, and has continued it since.. He carries a complete stock of mechandise, and receives a good patron- age. Himself and partner shipped the first bill of goods over this end ■of the St. Joseph & Hannibal Railroad, from St. Joseph to Easton, ii? 1858. Mr. K. has filled the position of school director for several terms. Is a member of the Odd Fellows fraternity, and has held all of the dif- ferent offices of the lodge. Was married, in August, 1855, to Mrs. Fan- nie Lewnbeck, daughter of Chester Woodward. She was a native of •Clay County, Missouri, and was born in May, 1842. She died in 1878, Jeaving five children : Claude M., Vallie V., Stella, Herman and Ada. She had two children by her former husband, Clara and Joel. Mr. K. is -a member of the Cumberland Presbyterian Church. ELIJAH McCRARY, J-etired, Easton, is of Irish descent, and was born in Howard County, Missouri, January 5, 1820. His father came there from North Caro- lina in 1817, and subsequently removed to Johnson County, where Elijah was princjpally raised. In 1837 he settled in the Platte Purchase, being -among the first settlers to come into Andrew County after it was given up by the Indians. In 1844 he moved to Rochester and engaged in Arming, and in 185 1 came to Marion Township, Buchanan County, pur- 960 BIOGRAPHICAI.. chasing four hundred acres of land,'on a part of which now stands the town of Easton. This was laid out by him in 1854. He was engaged extensively in merchandising there and at neighboring villages untiE retiring from an active business life. He has been identified with the- interests of Easton from the commencement of the growth of the place. Mr. McCrary was married in 1849 to Miss Nancy J. Martin, a native of Kentucky, born in 1829. They have six children living, L. M., Benja- min, E. D., Nancy J. (now Mrs. J. M. Gibson), Emma (now M.rs. S. D. Chandler), and Albina. Four are deceased. Mr. McCrary is a member of the Cumberland Presbyterian Church, in which he has held the posi- tion of deacon. E. DON McCRARY, of the firm of McCrary Brothers, dealers in general merchandise, Easton, is the third son of Elijah McCrary, and was born May 7, 1856, in this county, and has been reared here as a farmer. When fifteen years off age he commenced clerking with his father, and when twenty-one years- old, and on the ist of January, 1880, his father turned the business over to the boys. They are doing a thriving business, arrd also have a store- at Agency. E. U. runs the lines at this place, while his- brother is at Agency. Our subject was married on the 4th of October, i874,to Miss- Genomy Smith, of St. Joseph. She was born June 11, 1855', in Virginia.- They have two children — Mittie and Don. GEORGE MARKER, retired merchant, Easton, was born February 14,, 1839,, in Buchanam County, Missouri, and spent his boyhood days on. a farm, and here received his education. In the fall of 1857, he went to California,, and. engaged in mining and farming, and removed from there to Oregon and engaged in buying and selling stock. Finally located in Washington. Territory : thence to Idaho, and returned to this state in 1864, where he engaged in freighting between St. Joseph and Denver for about one year. He then purchased a farm, upon which he settled. In 1866, he was married to Miss Rebecca Clark, a native of this county, born March 4, 1847. She died on the 8th of February, 1878, leaving one child, Lgnora B. Four are deceased. He moved to Easton in 1873, and. engaged in the mercantile business, continuing therein until the spring^ of 1 88 1. He owns a residence and a store building in Easton. He was. married again in September, 1880, to Miss Nancy J. Leftwich.. She was. born in 1851, and is a member of the Christian Church. MARION" TOWNSHIP. 96L- MARY QUIGLEY, an early settler of this vicinity, was born March 16, 183 1, in County Tipperary, Ireland, and came to the United States in 185 1, settling in New York City. There she formed the acquaintance of M. C. Quigley,. and they were married before the close- of the year. He was a native of County Wakesiord, Ireland, and was born in 18 1.9. They came west to Chicago in 1852, remaining for two. years, and then moved to Racine,, Wisconsin ; thence to Alton, Illinois, and finally to Iowa, where they remained for three years, coming- to Missouri,, in August, 1859. They resided one year at Cameron, thea came to this county. Mr. Q. followed railroading, and while he worked on, the section, his wife attended to, operating the tank. He was accidentally killed while in the employ of the railroad company, in 1864. Since his death, Mrs. Quigley has kept the position and has raised a family of six. children, the eldest of which was only ten years of age at that time. She displays great energy, and the length of time she has held the position (some twenty-two years) is ample proof of the esteem in which she is held by the railroad comparty. The family consists of Margaret J., Mary F., Elizabeth A., James E.,., Michael H. and Credelia J. She is a member of the Catholic Church. W. H. RICHARDSON, farmer and stock raiser, section 33, postoffice Easton, was born August 4, 1833, in Mason County, Kentucky, and was raised, there as a farmer and received an excellent common school education. He came west in, i8S7„ and traveled over this western county until the breaking out of the war in 1861, when he enlisted in the Southern army, and belonged to I-an- dis' Battery of St. Joseph. He took part in the second, battle of Corinth,, the battle of luka Springs, Grand Gulf, Champion's Hill and the siege of Vicksburg, and at the latter was taken prisoner and held until 1865. He then returned to this county and engaged in agricultural pursuits,, and now owns a fine farm of 151 acres, well improved. Mr. K. has filled the positions of school director and road supervisor several terms. Was married, February 7, 1865, to Miss Lydia R. Reid, a daughter of Walker. G. Reid. She was born January 29, 1846, in this county, and was edu- cated at the Convent of the Sacred Heart, of St. Joseph, and received: her diploma. They have five children: Allen G., Lorena, Leota, Wil^- liam I., and Walker. They lost one. Himself and wife are members of the Christian Church, in which he formerly held the position of elder. JOSEPH ROBINSON, railroad contractor and farmer, Easton, was born August 6, 1836, in* Wyoming County, Pennsylvania, where he was raised and. educated.. •962 BIOGRAPHICAL. During the late war he enlisted May 2, 1861, and served for twenty months, taking part in the battles of Cheek Mountain, Kernstown, McDowell, and the seven days' fight around Richmond. Then turned his attention to railroading. He came to Missouri in 1867 and has since Ijeen engaged in the railroad business. He owns 240 acres of fine land .adjoining the town of Easton. This is one of the finest stock farms in the county, and also has a handsome residence in the village. In prin- ciple, as well as in purse, Mr. B. is one of the solid men of the county. He was married July 3, 1863, to Miss Mary A. Leftwich, a native of Vir- .;ginia, born in 1844. They have a family of four children, Mary L., •Georgia, Dolman, and Jessie ; lost, three. Mrs. R. is a member of the 'Christian Church. Mr. R. is a member of the Masonic fraternity, and has held the position of Master of Easton Lodge, No. lor, for four years, W. P. SHORTRIDGE, Sr., farmer, section 32, postofifice Easton, is a native of Kentucky, and was born in 18 17. He had but very slender educational advantages. He •emigrated to Missouri in 1844, locating in Platte County, whence he removed to Buchanan County in 1851. He was married in 1844 to Miss Elizabeth Minor, a native of Kentucky. They have had six children, two of whom are dead. When Mr. Shortridge came to Missouri, in 1840, there was no one in these parts except Robidoux and a few age,nts. St. Joseph was a wheat-field at that time, and where the wheat then grew is now the bed of the river. He sustained losses by the war of •over four thousand dollars, principally in corn and bacon, of which he was robbed. He was arrested and put in prison at St. Joseph, where he was fed by friends. He got nothing from any other source, and was taken out twice to be hung. Through his own intercession he was ;saved, with about forty others. He was called out at home and threat- ened to be shot, made no' concealment of his politics, but said he was trying to attend to his own business. He has all through life donated liberally to churches and school houses. He is a Mason and member of the Christian Church. Mr. Shortridge and his son, W. P., Jr., are per- fecting a new grain drill which will be far superior to anything on the market. They challenge the world with the Shortridge drill. It is a •complete combination of wheat drill, corn marker, wheat roller and -cultivator. WILLIAM H. SLAYBAUGH, farmer and stock raiser, section 18, postoffice Easton, was born August 14, 1837, in Buchanan County, Missouri, and has made this his home through life. Received his education in the old log school house, and lias made agricultural pursuits his occupation through life. During the MARION TOWNSHIP. 963 :late war he served for three years with Company H, Fourth Missouri Cavalry. Assisted in driving Price from Missouri on his raid in 1864, .and was wounded at the battle on the Blue ; also took part in the battles of Mine Run and Little Miami, which was the last buchwhacker fight in the State. Owns a fine farm of 74 acres, which is well cultivated. He has filled the positions of road overseer and clerk of the district. Was married in 1865, to Miss Lizzie C. Missemer, a native of Pennsylvania. They have five children living — Minnie, Cyrus, Katie, Thomas and Andrew. Lost one. Mrs. S. is a member of the New School Presbyte- rian Church. ALLEN STROUD, farmer and stock raiser, section 16, post office Easton, was born October 14, 1810, in Dearborn County, Indiana, and was reared as a farmer until twenty-one years of age, there receiving his education. He moved to Vanderburg County, Indiana, in 183 1, and resided there for thirty-four years, engaged in farming and stock raising. From that place he came to Buchanan County, Missouri, in 1865. He owns 140 acres of land well improved and stocked. Mr. S. made what he owns by honesty, industry and fair dealing. He has been twice married, first on the 4th •of July, 1833, to Miss Jane Smith, a native of Rochester, New Jersey. She died on the 9th of January, 1880, leaving a family of seven children, three of whom are still living : Helen E., (now Mrs. D. L. Hawkins) Kizia, (now Mrs. Monroe Kerns) and Joshua. He was married again January 11, 1881, to Mrs. Ellen McClain, a native of this state. They are members of the Free Baptist Church. His son-in-law, D. L. -Hawkins, resides with him. DR. I. S. TALBOT, -was born in Carroll County, Kentucky, July 15, 1833. His grandfather — who served through the Revolutionary war — located in that state in the time of Boone. The doctor's father was born in Kentucky, as was •also his mother. Our subject was the youngest son of eight children, and in 1843 came with his father to Missouri, locating in Marion Town- ship, Buchanan County. He here attended the common schools, and for two years was a student at Chapel Hill College, in Lafayette County. Having resolved to become a physician, in 1853, he began the study of -medicine with Dr. B. F. Donaldson. In 1854, he began practicing, and for some time was in partnership with him. In April, 1856, he estab- -lished himself in practice at Easton, being the first physician to locate Ihere. During the late war he served a short time under General Price, holding the position of first lieutenant. Dr. Talbot's landed estate •consists of 375 acres, adjoining the town of Easton. He has been 964 BIOGRAPHICAL. twice married. First, in July, 1854, to Miss Evaline Donaldson; she died in August, 1869, leaving six children, five of whom are livingi George W., Andrew J., Mary J., Laura, and E. M. He was married, again on the i8th of May, 1871, to Mary C. Mayham. By this unioni they have three children: I. W., E. L., and C. A. M. They lost one:. Mrs. T. is a member of the Methodist Episcopal Church South. He is a member of the Presbyterian Church, and also of the Masonic frater- nity, and holds the position of treasurer of Easton Lodge No. loi. J. W. TAYLOR, merchant and postmaster, San Antonio, was born September 15, 1852, in Muskingum County, Ohio, and was taken to Iowa by his parents, when about two years of age. Came from there to this county in the- spring of 1865, and has made this his home ever since. Spent his boy- hood days on a farm, receiving his education in the schools of this vicin- ity, and when fourteen years of age he left home and worked by the month until twenty-two years old. Then married, and commencedfarm- ing on his own account. On the 14th of August, 1880, he purchased the store at this place, which is well filled with a general stock of goods, and' Mr. Taylor has secured a liberal patronage. Was married October 8,. 1874, to Matilda Simmons, a native of this county, born September 23,, 1856. They have three children^Ira P., Ida L. and Delia P. Mrs. T_ is a member of the M. E. Church. WILLIAM T. TUCK, dealer in groceries and provisions, Easton, was born August 22, 1844, in* Jackson County, Alabama, and was brought to this county by his parents ini 1852, and has here made his home since. He spent his boyhood days- on a farm. During the late war he enlisted in the Eighteenth Missouri,. Company K, in February 1862, and served until July, 1865. He took part in the engagements of Island No. 10, Shiloh, first and second battles of Corinth, Mississippi, and was with Sherman on his " March to the Sea,"' and many other minor engagements. He returned to this county in the spring of 1866, and engaged in the mercantile business, in which he has- since been engaged. Mr. T. married, in 1867, Miss Levana Lawlis; a native of this county, born in 1849. They have five children living:. Emma, Maud, Efifie, Edna and Jessie ; lost one. Himself and wife are members of the Presbyterian Church. HERMAN H. VONDENBOSCH, dealer in general merchandise, and postmaster, Hirlingen, was- born. January 26, 1852, in Holland, and accompanied his parents to the United MARION TOWNSHIP. 965 States when abouttwelve years of age. They settled in Mercer County, Ohio, and here he was principally reared, receiving his education at St. Mary's of Dayton, Ohio. After completing his schooling he engaged in teaching in that vicinity for eight years. He emigrated west in the spring of 1878 a;nd arrived in this county in April of that year. Started his present business in the winter of 1880. He owns one acre of land and has a neat store and also a residence. He has won a large patron- age and has been influential in securing a post office at this place and ■was appointed postmaster. He has quite a musical talent and gives lessons to a choir in Easton. He was married September 14, 1875, to Miss Catharine Droxler, a native of Ohio, born November 25, 1857. They have two children, Catharine M. and Peter P. Himself and wife are active members of St. Mary's Church of this township. MAURICE WOGAN, farmer and stock raiser, sectipn 24, postoffice Easton, was born Decem- ber '12, 182Q, in County Kings, Ireland, and was reared there as a farmer,' until twenty-two years of age. He came to America in 1842, landed at New York City, and went to Litchfield, Connecticut ; remained there eighteen years, engaged in farming. Then removed to Fremont County, Nebraska, and was among its early pioneers there. After twelve years, he came to Buchanan County, Missouri, and settled on the place he now occupies. His landed estate consists of 380 acres of fine farm land, well improved and stocked. Mr. W. has filled his present position of school 'director and road supervisor several terms. In 1852, he was married to Miss Ann Bloomer. She is also a native of Ireland. They have ten children : John, Joseph, Mary (.now Mrs. Diegnan), Ellen, Michael, Sarah, Katie, Esther, Maurice and Tresa. Himself and family are mem- bers e>{ the Catholic Church. WALLER YOUNG, formerly Senator from the Second District, was born in Bath County, Kentucky, in 1843, and remained in the State until ten years of age, when he came to Missouri, locatin-g in Buchanan County, where, except- ing at short intervals, he has since resided. He attended college at Platte City, Missouri, until the icommencement of the late war, when he -went to Virginia, joined General Marshall's army, and remained in the Tanks until the last echo of the Southern guns died away. He then returned to Missouri, determined to acquire for himself in the civil ■walks of life "a respectable position, and if energy would accomplish anything, a prominent place among the people of his State. After graduating at the law school of Louisville, Kentucky, he practiced in St. 966 BIOGRAPHICAL. Joseph with marked success. Having a natural propensity for politics^ and a clear and discriminating judgment, he early foresaw that the only- means whereby the people of Missouri could be relieved from the- oppressions of the Radical party was by producing dissensions in their ranks by forming a Liberal party, based upon the principle of enfran- chising all citizens of the State without distinction ; hence we find him. taking an active part in the campaign that elected Brown governor. He was a delegate to the State convention in 1872, and did more to- nominate Governor Woodson than any man in the convention. He was appointed private secretary of Governor Woodson, and after serving a short time resigned. In 1874 he was nominated as a Democratic candi- date for the State Senate, and was elected by 1,900 majority — the largest Democratic majority the district ever gave. He was chairman of the Committee on Claims, and a member of the committees on Inter- nal Improvements, Swamp Lands, and Lunatic Asylum. Mr. Young" bids fair to become one of the most prominent men in the State, and possesses all the qualities essential to a great man — intelligence, capa- bility, principle, and honesty. In the past few years he has taken but little active part in politics. ^-^^M^^-)$- TREMONT TOWNSHIP. MARMADUKE D. FINCH, section 32, postoffice Gower, was born in Franklin County, North Caro- lina, April 28, 1813, and his ancestors were originally from Virginia, Received his education in the schools of his vicinity, and was bred a farmer. On the 4th of May, 1834, he married Elizabeth Jordan, a. native of North Carolina, born in 1810. She died in Missouri, in 1870, leaving three children, two of whom now survive — Thomas N. and Evalina, (now Mrs. L. Heffner.) In 1842, he moved to Missouri, and on the 20th of May, reached the Rock House Prairie, in Buchanan County, where he has since continued to reside, and where he owns a fine farm. Originally a member of the old Whig party, his first vote for President was cast for Harrison, in the exciting campaign of 1840. On the dissolution of the Whig party, he joined the Democracy. Mr. Finch has held several important public positions in the county. In 1854, he was elected Justice TREMONT TOWNSHIP. 967' of the Peace in Tremont Township, a position which he filled eight years.. In 1858, he was made collector of the county, and served two years ire that capacity, under Sheriff Morgan. In 1874, he was county assessor,, under John Tutt. In all these several positions he proved himself a worthy and capable officer. June 22, 1874, Mr. Finch again married. His second wife was Mrs. Julia Bretz, widow of Judge John Bretz, of Buchanan County. A. F. GREENARD, farmer and merchant, section 10, post office Garrettsburg, was born September 2, 1844, in Buchanan County, Missouri, and has lived here all his life. In his early days he was a farmer. In 1864, he visited Montana on an exploring expedition in the mountains. He married: Miss Mary J- Whitson in 1866. She was born November 27, 1848, in Missouri. They have had four children : William S., born July 18, 1870; Mary A., born January 18, 1873; Franklin J., born July 16, 1879; "^"^ ^" infant, born October 17, 1880. In 1867, he ran a blacksmith shop and farmed. December 3, 1879, commenced general merchandising, and has done a prosperous business. His stock consists of dry goods, hardware, drugs, hats, caps, notions, boots and shoes, groceries, &c. He is post- master at Garrettsburg, and has filled the office of school director. In the Masonic order he has achieved the rank of Knight Templar. He is a member of the I. O. O. F., and is also a Granger. He donated half an acre of land for school purposes in his neighborhood. Was a mem- ber, during the war, of Company D, 8ist regiment Pawpaw Militia, under Colonel Scott. He owns 447 acres of land, 330 acres of which he inherited from his father's estate. This is mostly under fence and in a good state of cultivation with excellent improvements, including orchard, &c., and is stocked with abundance of farming implements. He also owns a. store house 20x36 with a cellar 18x20, wjth 2 feet stone wall, 7 feet deep. Mr. Greenai'd has always endeavored to do his part as a man, assisting the needy and afflicted whenever called on. SAMUEL J. JEFFERS, farmer and stock raiser, section 24, postoffice Frazer, was born Septem- ber 20, 1833, in Clay County, Missouri, and was brought to this county by his parents when about six years of age. He spent his boyhood days on the farm and received his education in the schools of this vicinity. He now owns a fine farm of 140 acres, well watered and stocked. Mr. J. has filled the positions of township clerk and school director. He moved to Andrew County in 1858 and resided there until 1865, engaged in farming ; then returned to this county. He was married November 24, 1853, to Miss Frances Miller, a native of Knox County, Kentucky. 968 BIOGRAPHICAL. 'They have had eleven children, six of whom are living : N. Ellen, Finis E., William J., Maud M., Harvey B. and Laura F. He and his two oldest children are members of the Cumberland Presbyterian Church. JAMES M. JEFFERS, farmer and stock raiser, section 24, postoffice Frazer, was born April 7, 1 83 1, in Clay County, Missouri, and came to Buchanan County in Feb- ruary, 1839, with his parents, and has since made this his home. He ■owns 260 acres of fine land, 160 of which are under cultivation, the •remainder being pasture and timber land. His farm is well stocked, :and he has a handsome residence. In 1861, he moved to Kansas, and remained one year, came back, and again went there, in 1865, and spent six months. During the late war, he served three months in the Enrolled Missouri Militia. He has filled the office of school director, • but has never been a political aspirant. In October, 1853, he was mar- ried to Miss Virginia Miller, a native of this city, born August 28, 1838. They are members of the Cumberland Presbyterian Church, in which he holds the position of Elder. They raised an orphan boy, named J. H. Norman, now minister in the Presbyterian Church, at Stewartsville. EVANS JORDAN, Tarmer, was born in Wake County, North Carolina, February 14, 1815, and came to Tremont Township, Rock House Prairie, in this county, in 1840. Here, in company with Dugan Pfouts, he bought 714 acres of land. The original name of the township and the recorded name now in the clerk's ofifice, is Jordan. The railroad station of Frazer, fifteen -miles southeast of St. Joseph, is located on his farm, it being on the line -of what was known, when first built, as St. Louis & St. Joseph Railroad, now the Wabash, St. Louis & Pacific. He has a very fine farm, with an ■ excellent residence and good improvements generally. The place is well stocked. Mr. J. did much to facilitate the building of the railroad, and has always been foremost in all enterprises of a public character, including the building of churches, school houses, etc., and has ever been prompt in lending a helping hand to every scheme calculated to promote and develop the interests at large of his county and neighbor- Jiood. No man in the township enjoys a wider personal popularity. E. M. JORDAN, farmer and stock raiser, section 32, postoffice Frazer, was born March 10, 1812, in Wake County, North Carolina, and moved to Randolph County, the same State, with his parents in 1824. He spent his boy- iiood days on a farm and received his education at Wake Forest. When TREMONT TOWNSHIP. 969 eighteen years of age he was appointed deputy sheriff of Randolph County, which position he held until he left in February, 1840. He Tvith two companions rode through from North Carolina on horseback and arrived here in May, 1840. From here they went to Lexington, Missouri, when they separated and our subject rode through to Texas, remaining two years. He returned to this county and after one year went back to North Carolina. Soon returned to this county, and set- tled in this township. He has contributed his full share towards building up and improving it, and being an old settler is well known. Mr. J. has filled the positions of Justice of the Peace four years, school director ten years, and road overseer several terms. He was married in the fall of 1845 to Miss Diza Pfouts, a native of Randolph County, North Carolina, born in June, 1822. They have had twelve children, ten of whom are living : Elizabeth, Mary, Merinda, Roxaner, Evaline, Evans, Jacob, Thomas, John and Marmaduke. Mrs. J. is a member of the M. E. Church. JESSE T. LEFTWICH, farmer and stock raiser, section i, postoffice Easton, was born August II, 181 1, in Bedford County, Virginia, and when about twelve years of age he moved with his parents to Pittsylvania County, where he spent his boyhood days on a farm and received his education. Upon becom- ing of age he commenced the manufacture of tobacco, and after follow- ing the business for ten years he turned his attention to farming, and continued therein some twenty years. He again engaged in the tobacco business and was so occupied until the' war broke out, when he lost heavily. He had three sons in the Confederate army under General Lee, two of them taking part in twenty-two general engagements, "besides many minor engagements. At the close of the war Mr. L. emi- grated West and settled in this county. He moved to the place where he now resides in 1872, and now owns a fine farm of eighty acres, improved. At one time he fixed up proper facilities for the tobacco business, but the climate was too cold to make it a success. Mr. L. was married in 1837 to Miss Letitia Shelton, a native of Pittsylvania County, Virginia, born October 14, 1820. They have had eleven chil- dren, ten of whom are living, Taswell B., George W., Mary A. (now Mrs. Joseph Robinson, of Easton), James B., Augustin J., William L., Nancy J. (now Mrs. George Marker, of Easton), John B., Victoria L. (now Mrs. John Kerns), and Thomas J. Mrs. L. is a member of the Christian church. DANIEL McCRAY was born on the 30th of February, 1798, in Washington County, East Tennessee, where he was raised on a farm. In 182 1, he removed to 60 $;o BIOGRAPHICAL. Howard County, Missouri, from there to Ray County, and thence to this county, in the spring of 1838. He bought a claim, and commenced pio- neer life ; here he earnestly worked for the upbuilding of his adopted county, until June 4, 1881, when he died. His marriage occurred Feb- ruary 14, 1818, to Miss Sally Bogart. They had a family often children, four of whom are now living : Charles, Polly (now Mrs. Elijah Jenkins, of Andrew County), Nancy (wife of James Christy, of Andrew County), and Salenia (now Mrs. E. Miller, of Kansas). CHARLES McCRAY, farmer and stock raiser, section 19, postoffice Frazer, was born January 6, 1 8 19, in Illinois, and is the eldest son of Daniel McCray, one of the earliest pioneers in the county. Charles accompanied his parents to Howard County, Missouri, in 1821, and to Buchanan County in the spring of 1838, and has made this his home since, having been engaged in farming all his life. Assisted in redeeming this county from a wilder- ness, and has had his full share of the hardships of pioneer life. In his manners he is kind and genial, and is widely and favorably known, and has won the respect of a large circle of friends. During the late war he enlisted and served for six months in the noted Pawpaw militia. Owns eighty acres of fine land, partly improved. He has filled the office of road overseer several terms. Was married to Miss Eliza Horton, a native of Kentucky. They have had a family of seven children, six of whom are living — Benjamin, Sarah, (now Mrs. B. Riddle), Henry, Martha J., (now Mrs. B. Tadlock), Samuel D. and Oscar. Mrs. McCray and five of the children are members of the Baptist Church. K. F. MOORE, farmer and stock raiser, section 13, postoffice Frazer. His parents were residents of Bath County, Kentucky, and K. F. was born while they were on a visit to Brown County, Ohio, September 22, 1832. He spent his boyhood days on a farm and received his education in the schools of Bath County. Commenced business for himself when about sixteen years of age. Came west in 1861, and settled in Easton, this county, where he engaged in farming. Purchased the place he now occupies in 1865, and moved upon and has since been improving it. Owns 650 ■acres of fine land, all improved, with a handsome residence. He pur- chased the old John Bretz farm at the beginning of the crisis of 1873. He has filled the positions of road overseer and school director several terms, and is prominent among the leading citizens of the. county. Mr. M. was married in January, 1861, to Miss Lucretia Robinson, a native of Gallatin County, Kentucky, born September 22, 1S39. They have had TREMONT TOWNSHIP. 97 1 eight children: Laura, William N., Annie L., Virginia, Charlie, Nellie, John M. and Benjamin F. Himself and wife are members of the Chris- tian Church. JAMES A. RODMAN, farmer, section 31, postoffice Frazer, was born March 17, 1826, Washing- ton County, Indiana, and was married March 22, 1863, to Frances E. Kinniard, a native of Kentucky. By this union they have had six children : Frances J., Mary E., Jima D., Samuel H., Sarah E. and Charles K. He endured all the hardships subsequent to pioneer life, but by his own industry has saved 160 acres of land, improved, and with good buildings. He has held the positions of constable and school director. JAMES SAXTON, farmer and stock raiser, section 11, postoffice Saxton, was born January 2, 1820, in Cuyahoga County, Ohio, but his parents were natives of the Green Mountain State. He was raised in his native county, and spent his boyhood days on a farm, there receiving his education. He has made agricultural pursuits his chief occupation through life, and emi- grated to Racine County, Wisconsin, in 1841 ; remained there twelve years, then moved to Waupaca County, where he resided, until 1864, engaged in farming and the lumber business. From there he came to Buchanan County, Missouri, and settled on the place he now occupies- He owns 214 acres of rich land, improved and well stocked. Mr. S. has taken a great interest in educational matters; he organized the school dis- trict in which he lives, had the first school house built, and has filled the position of school director several terms. June 2, 185 1, he was mar- ried to Miss Milissa M. Crego, a native of York State. She was born December 31, 1828. They have had six children, five of whom are now living : Josephine (now Mrs. J. S. Chandler), Louisa (now Mrs. David Louden), Eugenie (now Mrs. Z. Garrett), Cyrus J. and Edwin. CAPTAIN JOHN N. SMITH, farmer and stock raiser, section 2, postoffice Garrettsburg, was born June 22, 1827, in Lee County, Virginia, and came west with his parents in the fall of 1838, settling in Buchanan County, Missouri. His father took up a claim, built a cabin, and commenced farming. This claim is now known as the Waller Grove farm. Mr. Smith, during his life-time, did his share towards making the county whaMt now is. He died Septem- ber 9, 1849. John N. spent his boyhood days on the farm, and received his education in the schools of those days. In 1849, he commenced rais- ing hemp, and thus continued until the war broke out in 1861. In July, 972 BICXJRAPHICAL. 1 86 1, he joined what was known as the Buchanan Rangers, and was elected second lieutenant. He went South with Bogard's battalion, and took part in the battle of Lexington. Returned home, and remained there until October, 1863, when he joined the home militia on the 21st of November. Was elected captain of Company H, Twenty-first Regi- ment Enrolled Missouri militia, and was put on duty at the Block House, on the Platte River, there remaining until May, 1864, when the company were relieved and sent home They were again called into service in July, and were disbanded in November, 1864. In the fall of 1865, he took a trip across the plains as "wagon boss," and returned that winter. Since that tim^e he has given his attention to agricultural pursuits. Owns a fine farm of lOO' acres, well stocked, and a good vineyard. Filled the position of road overseer for five years and school director three terms, and is noted for always being on the jury. Captain S. was mar- ried October 23, 1851, to Miss Elizabeth Hamner, a native of Indiana, born February 5, 1834. They have had eight children, five of whom are living — James N., William- T., Jefferson D., Alexander S. and Charles G. CAPTAIN JOHN R. SNYDER, farmer and stock raiser, section 27, postofifice Agency, was born January 2, 1 841, in Tremont Township, Buchanan County, and was reared at his birthplace, spending his boyhood days on the farm and receiving his preparatory education in the schools of this vicinity. He then attended Pleasant Ridge College, Platte County, for two years. He is an excellent carpenter and erects all his own buildings. During the late war he assisted in organizing the Enrolled Missouri Militia, and was elected captain of Company B, Twenty-fifth Regiment. At this time he was almost a mere boy, but notwithstanding he held the position of captain in three differ- ent organizations. Since the war he has given his attention to farming. The home farm contains 205 acres of well improved land; also owns 300 acres in section 35. He moved to Hiawatha, Kansas, in August, 1878, and remained there three years, for the purpose of educating his child- ren, and also for the benefit of his health. Then returned to this city. He has always taken a great interest in educational matters, and has filled the position of school director for ten years, and has also been road overseer several terms. Was married, September 24, 1863, to Miss Mary E. Ridge. She was born September 24, 1842, in Indiana, but was reared principally in this county. They have three children: Annie E., Jessie W. and James. R. Mrs. S. is a member of the Baptist Church. H: K. SNYDER, farmer and stock raiser, section 27, postoffice Agency, was born August 7, 1830, and was brought to this state in 1839. They first settled in TREMONT TOWNSHIP. . 973 Nodaway County, and came from there to this county in 1840. H, K. has made this his home since, having been engaged in farming. He has assisted in improving several farms in this vicinity, and now owns 415 acres of land, which is well improved, containing a handsome residence- He has never been an office seeker but has always given his attention to his legitimate business. During the late war he espoused the Union cause, and served nine months in the provisional militia and held the position of sergeant. The exposure and bad weather injured his health. Mr. S. has filled the positions of school director and road overseer sev- eral terms. Was married, February 23, i860, to Miss Martha A. Miller. a native of Kentucky. They have had six children: Oliver M., Mary M., Charles E., Martha A., Emma W. and Eliza E. Himself, wife, and three of the children are members of the Baptist Church. EDWARD M. TROTTER, section 21, postoffice Frazer, was born in Guilford County, North Caro- lina, September 9, 1812. His father was a soldier of the war of 1812. He was raised within seven miles of Greensboro, North Carolina, and at the age of nineteen began to learn the trade of carriage making, at Jamestown, in his native county. He was married January 5, 183S, to Miss Nancy Johnson, a native of Randolph County, North Carolina. She was born in 18 17. He emigrated to Missouri in 1839, settling first in Caldwell County, whence he moved to Clinton County, and, in 1841, to Buchanan County. He entered eighty acres of land, under the ^tate right, on Platte River, in Tremont Township. He then possessed but slender means. Working hard at farming, he, occasionally, as a matter of accommodation, repaired wagons for his neighbors. He also farmed 'two years on Casteel Creek. In 1858, he purchased the 200 acre farm on which he now lives. Originally an old line Whig, on the demise of his party, he joined the Republican ranks. On landing in Missouri, his entire cash capital amounted to but fifteen dollars. His subsequent means were acquired by his own personal efforts. Mr. Trotter and wife are both members of the Methodist Episcopal Church. They have raised five orphan children. JOHN WALKINSHAW, farmer and stock raiser, section 2, postoffice Garrettsburg, was born April 20, 1837, in Fifeshire County, Scotland. His parents were natives of that country and came to the United States when John was about four years of age. Landed at New York city and came west and located in Washington, Calhoun County, Missouri. His father became one of the leading men of that county ; represented his district in the Legis- 974 • BIOGRAPHICAL. lature and held the position of county supervisor some thirteen years. John spent his boyhood days on the farm and there received his educa- tion. He has made farming his occupation through life. He came to Buchanan County in the spring of 1863 and settled on his present farm. In the spring of 1865 he commenced fr.eighting from St. Joseph to Den- ver, which he continued for two years. Then again turned his attention to farming. Mr. W. owns eighty acres of land. He was married March 14, 1881, to Miss Mary Rose, a native of Clinton County, Missouri. She was born June 27, 1846, and now belongs to the Baptist Church. I. T. WILLIAMS, Sr., minister of the Gospel, Agency, was born in Franklin County, Missouri, July 9, i8?2, and moved to Gasconade County, in 1836. His father dying in the fall of 1837, he lived with his brother in Cooper County for three years. He was married June 13, 1839, to Martha Swearinge, who was born September 10, 1839. They had ten children, seven boys and three girls, George W. S., born April 5, 1840 ; William C. H., born Jan- uary 13, 1842 ; James S. J., born January 25, 1843 ; John W. H., born October 22, 1845, died September 12, 1852 ; Mary N. E., born September 3, 1848 ; I. T., born June 25, 1850 ; E. W., born August 25, 1853 i N. R., born September 6, 1855 ;, Martha B., born April 4, 1857, ^^^ Sarah F. C, born January 13, 1865. Mr. Williams had two sons in the Confeder- ate and one in the Federal armies. George and William were under Colonel Gates. His son-in-law was also a member of a Confederate company, and was stationed at Fort Leavenworth. Our subject moved to his farm from St. Joseph in 188 1. It is on section 27, and contains 125 acres. I. T. Williams, Jr., was born in Platte County, Missouri. He was married February 2, 1875, to Anna Rockwell, a native of Clinton " County, born November 16, 1858. They had two children, Christopher, born November i, 1875, and Anna, born October 21, 1878. Mrs. W. died November 15, 1878. Isaiah, Jr., was examined by the Presbytery,, consisting of five regularly ordained ministers of the Baptist denomina- tions, and after a satisfactory examination was set apart to the gospel ministry June 18, 1879. AGENCY TOWNSHIP. R. R. BOONE, proprietor of flouring mill, section 30, postoffice Agency, was born in Harrison County, Indiana, November 5, 1816, and, in 1819, moved to Meade County, Kentucky, with his parents. In 1837, he removed to Missouri, but his time was divided between Missouri and Kentucky until the spring of 1844. His early educational advantages were limited, but by self application he has acquired a liberal share of scholastic information. In 1844, he was married to Sarah E. France, a native of Kentucky, born August 25, 1825, The result of this marriage was seven children : Frances E., John F., Sarah E., Hiram C, Susan B., Mollie M. and Victoria. The latter died November 12, 1879. During the late war Mr. Boone sustained serious loss ; he took no active part in the events of that period, and while he never refused aid to any sufferer who besought hospitality, he never knowingly harbored a man an enemy to the government. He is now the owner of 490 acres of land, includ- ing a residence and valuable property in Agency, besides his well known mill. Mr. Boone never held any office ; never joined any secret order and in his religious sentiments is very liberal. Bold in the expression of his heterodox views, no man stands higher for blunt, unswerving hon- esty of speech and deed than R. R. Boone, the miller. V. C. COOLEY, proprietor of Water Flouring Mill, section 33, postoffice Agency. Was born in Mendon, Adams County, Illinois, May 9, 1842, and, in 1846, was taken by his parents to Livingston County, Missouri. They afterwards settled in both Grundy and Mercer Counties, and, in i860, the subject of this sketch emigrated to Decatur County, Iowa. In 1861, he became a resident of Madison County. After making that his home until 1864, he came to Andrew County, Missouri, and, in 1866, to Platte County, fin- ally reaching Buchanan County in May, 1868. This has since been his abode, and he is the owner of twenty-three acres of land, upon which is an excellent mill. In 1863, he was married to Miss Annie Danner, a native of Iowa. They have had six children : Hal. Gordon, born July 4, 1864, died July 7, 1880; Anna Belle, born July 23, 1873, died August I, 1875 ; Flora A., born July 23, 1876, died November 8, 1880; Varanus 976 . BIOGRAPHICAL. C, born September 9, 1867; Jacob M., born September 28, 1870; and Elizabeth, born January 28, 1878. Mr. Cooley is a member of the I. O. O. F., and is a Granger. In view of th'e extraordinary low stage of water, in the summer of 1881, he has been induced to add steam power to his mill, thus enabling him to operate the same uninterruptedly at all seasons. JOHN B. CORBITT, farmer, section 17, postoffi.ce Agency, was born January ij,. 1839, i" West Virginia, and with his parents moved to Iowa in 1852. He remained -there fourteen years, engaging in farming and in teaching school. In the fall of 1865 he came to Missouri, and has lived in this State ever since. He has 120 acres of land in Agency Township, sixty acres of which are highly improved. He was married December i, 1&72, to Mrs. Emma Womach. She was born March 27, 1845. They have three children, James R., born March 13, 1874; Lenora, born March 12, 1876, and Calla, born June 25, 1878. Mrs. C. has one son by a former marriage, Francis M. Womach, born January 30,, i860. Mr.. Corbitt belongs to the I. O. O. F. His wife is a member af the Christian Church. GEORGE W. DOWELL, physician and surgeon. Agency, was born in Kentucky, May 27, 1832^ and emigrated to Buchanan County, Missouri, October 9, 1854. Resided in Kansas from 1856 to 1861, when he returned to Buchanan County. Was raised on a farm until the age of sixteen, when he commenced clerk- ing, which he continued until he began the study of medicine, under W. W. Board. Was graduated in St. Louis Medical College in the spring of 1859. Prior to completing his course, he attended one course at Yandell School in Kentucky. Was married May i, 1856, to^ Miss. Eliza- beth C. Gilmore. They have had six children — Mary A., born March 24, 1858, died August 24, 1859; Robert F., born December lo, 1859; Virginia E., born February 15, 1862; Adaline, born March 15., 1864; Benjamin D., born March 27, 1866; and Dora Bell,, born. February 27, 1875. Robert F. was graduated at the St. Louis Medical College,, in the spring of 1881. Dr. George W. Dowell owns 515 acres of land, and a fine residence in Agency. During the war he lost heavily. He is a Mason, a member of the Cumberland Presbyterian Church, ajid has been school director and elder in the church. The Doctor has practiced for twenty-seven years, riding day and night, when called upon, always attending the poor free of charge. AGENCY TOWNSHIP. 977 LEWIS L. EVANS, farmer, section 4, postoffice Garrettsburg, was born in Garrett County, Kentucky, May 16, 1845. In 1850, his parents emigrated to Clinton County, Missouri, where he remained until 1880, at which time he removed to Buchanan County. Was married to Miss Rebecca Modrell, October 18, 1877. She was born April 29, 1856, in Missouri. They have two children: Lizzie L;, born August 20, 1878, died July 28, 1880; Virgil, born September 15, 1880. Mr. E. owns 119 acres of land in 'sections 4 and 5, all under fence and in a good state of cultivation. He has been road supervisor for four years. JAMES J. GILMORE, farmer, section 30, postoffice Agency, was born April 9, 18 18, in Ten- nessee. His parents emigrated to Rush Creek, Clay County, Missouri, when he was an infant, and, in connection with others, were obliged to build a fort for protection against the Indians. James remained there until 1837, when he moved with his parents to Agency Ford, Buchanan County, where his mother died in the spring of 1850, aged fifty-two years. His father died in the fall of 1858, at the age of sixty-five. Mr. Gilmore was married April 10, 1839, to Miss Sophia N. Miller, a native of Kentucky. She was born November 12, 1820. They had eight chiU dren, Mary Jane, Robert M., James A., H. S., Eliza, Jennie, Margaret, and Jefferson D., all married except Jefferson D. Mr. G. owns ninety acres of land under cultivation. His wife and son-in-law, D. A. Yates, were drowned November 11, 1879, in Pigeon Creek. Mr. G. has been school director for several years, and was deputy collector and sheriff of the county. He is a Master Mason, holding membership in Agency Lodge, No. 10, and a member of the Cumberland Presbyterian Church, ii^ which he is an elder. C. A. GIVEN, farmer and market gardener, section 18, postoffice Agency. The subject of this sketch was born in Monroe County, Missouri, January 6, 1846, When a small boy his parents moved to Randolph County, Missouri,, and at the age of twenty-one he moved to Buchanan County, where he has resided ever since. He was married to Miss Ellen Blecker in 186&. She was a native of Virginia. They have had three children— one son died in infancy, C. Maud, and Charles. Mr. Given is an enterprising, and energetic citizen and a member of the Masonic fraternity. His, sympathies have always prompted him, to^ heb the. needy as far as able. art in the battles of Lexington and Pea Ridge. He returned home and afterward re-enlisted,.- and was captured and held as prisoner until the close of the war. Owns, a farm of 57 acres, on which is a good residence. He has assessed the township three times, and holds the positions of school director and road supervisor. Mr. Utz was married, February 20, 1863,, to Miss Sarah E. Duncan, a native of Alabama. They have had a family of eight children: William H., Silas B., Robert E. L., John A., Jane K., Amanda M., Anna S. and Sarah D. They are members of the M. E. Church South, in which he holds the position of steward. Is also a member of the Masonic fraternity. JAMES WEIR, farmer and stock raiser, section 16, postoffice St. Joseph, was born April 20, 1819, in Belleville, Illinois, and was taken when quite young to a farm near Springfield, Illinois, where he was principally raised and CENTER TOWNSHIP. 997 Teceived his education. He there became personally acquainted with Abraham Lincoln, Stephen A. Douglas, Governor Yates, General Logan and other noted men of that State. He emigrated West in the fall of 1841 and landed in this county September 10. Being a young man, he traveled around over the country and mustered regularly at Sparta. He finally married and settled down, commencing farming. He owns a fine farm of eighty acres, which is well watered and contains a good orchard. He has never been an office seeker, but has always given his attention to his legitimate business. He was married March 25, 184S, to Miss Julia A. Barges, a native of Kentucky, born in 1821. She died May 24, 1880, leaving four childreii, Jane B. (now Mrs. C. W. Harris), John S., Elizabeth, and James G. They lost one. Mr. W. has been a member of the Ciamberland Presbyterian Church since 1844, and held the position of elder until his age prevented his attending to the office any longer. He is also a member of the Masonic fraternity. The eldest son, John S., was born September 18, 1848, in this county, and has been raised here as a farmer, and is also a member of the Masonic fraternity. He resides with his father. THOMAS YOUNG, farmer and stock raiser, section 4, postoffice St. Joseph, was born in County Tyrone, Ireland, on the 6th of December, 18 17, and until four- teen years of age spent his time on a farm, attending the school of his neighborhood. For a short time he was employed as clerk in a whole- sale liquor establishment, aud afterwards removed to Belfast. In 1832, •when but fourteen years old, he emigrated to America, landing at Balti- more in September. He went at once to Wheeling, West Virginia, and found employment with R. H. Sweeney & Co., in the iron and glass manufacturing business, for ten years. In 1842, he went to New Orleans, and, contrary to his intention upon starting out, came to Missouri, arriv- ing in St. Louis in the fall of 1842. Returned to Wheeling, and after- wards settled in this county in that same year. In the spring of 1840, he had preempted one hundred and sixty-seven acres of land, where he has since made his home. Two or three years after coming, he was ■chosen justice of the peace, and filled that office for twenty-two years. He has been school director over thirty years. During the late war he was a strong Union man, and had two sons in the service. They enlisted in Co. A, Twenty-fifth Missouri Militia, serving on the mounted militia. His eldest son remained four years, taking part in all the bat- tles of the Mississippi campaign, and was with Sherman in his march to the sea. Mr. Y. owns a farm of two hundred and eleven acres, well stocked. July 27, 1837, he was married to Miss Jane Greer, a native of Ireland. They have eight children : James G., John H., Robert I., 998 BIOGRAPHICAL. Harry H., Margaret I., now Mrs. Robert Hensley ; Eliza Ann, now Mrs. Henry Knight ; Mary, now Mrs. Cure, and Kittie, wife of Captain J. E. Dickinson, of Kansas. For two years previous to the war Mr. Y. served as assessor of the county, and since the war, for a like period, acted as county coroner. He has been twice nominated for county judge by acclamation, but private affairs prevented his accepting the honors. GEORGE W. YOUNG, farmer and stock raiser, section 6, postoflfice St. Joseph, was born Decem- ber 4, 1829, in Shelby County, Kentucky, and was there reared, spending his youth on a farm. Received his' education at Dr. Waller's Military College, from which he graduated and received a diploma. In 1856, he entered the service of the Government, and engaged in driving stock from Old Mexico through to Boonville, Missouri. In 1857, ^^ com- menced steamboating on the Mississippi River, and followed this busi- ness for iive years. During the late war he espoused the Confederate cause. Returned to Marion County, Kentucky, and raised a company at St. Mary's College, and was elected its captain. This was known as Company K, Sixth Kentucky Cavalry. They joined General Morgan, and nearly half of the company was killed at the battle of Pennington,. Kentucky. TheyT:hen joined General Lee, in the entrenchments around Richmond, and remained there until the 27th of January, 1864, when they started with Morgan on his raid through Ohio, and were captured in Columbiana County, Ohio, and taken to the Columbus prison. From there Mr. Young, with a few others, made his escape to Canada, and thence by water to Wilmington, North Carolina, where he again joined the army. Took part in the Cynthiana raid, then returned to Virginia, and was with General Morgan when he was killed. He came to this county after the war, and settled on the farm he now occupies, his landed estate consisting of 359 acres of well improved land, and it con- stitutes one of the finest farms hereabouts. There is an excellent spring upon the place. Was married May 10, 1872, to Miss Cynthia Brown, a native of Nodaway County. They have had five children, two of whom are living — Maggie and Wallace. Mrs. Y. is an active member of the Cumberland Presbyterian Church. WAYNE TOWNSHIP, FRED BANKER, farmer and stock dealer, section 22, postoffice Hall, is a native of New- York, and was born in Dutchess County, July 8, 183 1. Was there edu- cated in an academy and received a fair education. Followed farming during life. March 20, 1857, he started to Leavenworth, Kansas, and from there came to Buchanan County, Missouri, where he has since resided. His landed estate consists of 309 acres, his home farm con- taining 120 acres. He acted as justice of the peace a part of one term. Was married. May 14, 1868, to Miss Nancy L. Starmer. She was born in Tennessee, February 27, 1842, and died December 29, 1879. They had four children: Mary H., born November 6, 1870; Frederick W.,born August 16, 1873; John K., born November 13, 1874; Bettie A., born June 24, 1877. JOHN F. BARNES, farmer, section 34, postoffice DeKalb, was born in Jackson County, Mis- souri, January 11, 1840, and when five years of age came to Buchanan County, Missouri, where he has since resided. With the exception of ten years when he was engaged in milling, Mr. B. followed farming. In February, 1865, he enlisted in the Federal service in Company A, Fifty-first Missouri, and served till the close of the war. His farm con- tains sixty acres. He has been justice of the peace for about five years. He was married August 23, i860, to Miss Rebecca Keith, who was born in Bartholomew County, Indiana, January 31, 1842. She died March 28, 1875. They had eight children, five of whom are living : James H., born November 3, 1862; Sarah E., born October 19, 1864; Lydia J., born November 27, 1866 ; Aaron E., born November 14, 1869, and Mary A., born April 5, 1872. Mr. Barnes was again married January 14, 1877, to Mrs. Elizabeth F. Finch, whose maiden name was Meers. She was born in Green County, Ky., July 29, 1833. She was first married February 10, 1847, to Jeremiah Finch. He was born in Halifax, Virginia, and died February 10, 1866. They had ten children, of whom six are living: Eliza J., born July 22, 1850 ; John A., born December 2, 1852 ; Jesse, born December 20, 1854 ; Thomas L., born August 4, 1856 ; Jeremiah, born June 22, 1858, and Martha A,, born November 18, 1864. lOOO BICXJRAPHICAL. HIRAM L. BREWSTER, merchant and postmaster, residence section 29, postoffice Hall, was born in Wayne County, Ohio, February 10, 1844, and was raised in Medina County. He was educated in the common schools and the High school at Spencer. In 1859 ^^ went to St. Joseph County, Michigan, where he was employed as clerk in the postoffice and bank till the spring of 1861, when he enlisted in Company of England. Was raised on a farm and received his education in his native country. When twenty years of age he learned the shoe- makers trade and in a short time, as a workman, he stood second to none. Following his trade in his native country till 1854, he came to America, landing at New York, and thence to Canada where he remained till 1858, working at his trade. Was engaged in merchandising at differ- ent points in Canada until 1858, when- he went to St. Johns, Mich- I0O4 BIOGRAPHICAL. igan. There he was employed in the boot and shoe trade till 1864, at which time he came to St. Joseph ; in 1865 he moved to his present location. His landed estate consists of 300 acres, all of which is the savings of his own labor. Was married September 20, 1855, to Miss Mary A. Kelly, of Ireland. They have four children : William, Michael, Mary and Charles. Is a member of the Masonic fraternity. JOHN JONES, farmer, section i, postoffice St. Joseph, was born in Athens County, Ohio, April 17, 1838, and when but a child his parents moved to Buchanan County, Missouri, where he has since resided. He has been engaged in agricultural pursuits during life, excepting three years when he was engaged in the mercantile trade as one of the firm of McKinnis & Jones, of St. Joseph. His landed estate includes 100 acres of timber land and a one-half interest in 140 acres of fine farming land. He was appointed justice of the peace in June, 1881. Was in the state militia six months. Mr. J. was married September 8, 1870, to Miss Mary E, Pascoe. She was born in Platte County, Missouri, December 24, 1849. They have three children: Alice, born November 24, 1871; Lottie B., born March 20, 1874; Maggie, born November 18, 1876. SAMUEL KIRKPATRICK, farmer, section 25, postoffice St. Joseph, was born in Guernsey County, Ohio, October 16, 18 14. His father being a blacksmith, he also worked more or less at that trade till eighteen years of age, when he learned the bricklayers trade. In 1837 he moved to Washington County, Ohio, where he remained till the spring of 1850, and then emigrated to Mis- souri, first locating in Jackson County. There he remained till the spring of 1853, when he came to St. Joseph. In the fall of 1854 he moved to Doniphan County, Kansas, but in 1858 located near Easton, Buchanan County. In 1861 he returned to Doniphan County, Kansas, and in 1881 again came to Buchanan County, where he now resides. Since 1857 he has been engaged in farming. His farm contains sixty acres. He was married August 5, 1838, to Miss Sarah M. Weir. She was born in Westchester, Virginia, January 5, 1822. They had ten chil- dren, five of whom are living : Alonzo, born September 25, 1839; Wel- lington, born February 28, 1842; Mary A., born July 14, 1848; Hen- rietta, born August 8, 1855, and John W., born October 6, i860. One son died in the hospital while in the Federal service. JOHN KOGER AND WM. J. CALHOUN, farmers, section 20, postoiifice Hall. Mr. Koger was born in Wayne County, Kentucky, April 20, 1826, and was reared there and in the WAYNE TOWNSHIP. 1005 adjoining county till seventeen years of age, when he went to Tennessee. Three years later he came to Missouri, and located in Gentry County. In 1859, he moved to Texas, where he remained till 1867, and then came to Buchanan County, Missouri. While in Gentry County he followed farming, and has since continued it. Was married April 3, 1849, to Miss Hettie J. Slarmer, who was born in Tennessee, in November, 1832. They have had three children, but one is living— Anna D., born in Gentry County, Missouri, February 7, 1850, and was married to William J. Cal- houn, April 12, 1866. He was born in Manito County, Missouri, Decem- ber I, 1838. When seventeen years of age his father moved to Vernon County, Missouri ; lived there but a short time, then moved to Henry County. In 1 861, he enlisted in the Confederate service in Company K, First Missouri Cavalry, and remained in service till the close of the war. Then went to Texas, and in 1867 came to Buchanan County. They have one child — John N., born January 20, 1867. They have a farm of 160 acres. HENRY LOWER, farmer and stock raiser, section 36, postofifice, St. Joseph, was born in Granger County, Tennessee, July 14, 1818, and was raised on a farm in his native county, and has followed farming from boyhood. In the fall of 1836 he moved to Jackson County, Missouri, and the following spring he took a trip to Santa Fe, New Mexico. Coming to Buchanan County he entered a part of the farm on which he now resides, at that time having but limited means. His landed estate now consists of 420 acres, all of which is improved, his home farm being far above the aver- age, and contains an orchard of about twenty acres. Was married, Feb- ruary 4, 1844, to Miss Sarah A. Sandy. She was born in Owen County, Indiana, March 14, 1822. They have ten children living: Louisa Jane, born January 13, 1845; Susan E., born April 21, 1847; Mary E., born March 31, 1849; John W., born July 11, 1851; James C, born September I, 1853; Martha A., born March 27, 1856; Isaac N., born July 6, 1858; Henry M., born October 6, i860; Anna E., born January 5, 1863; Lillie M., born February 4, 1871. ALBERT E. SHAW, farmer and stock dealer, section 36, postoffice St. Joseph, was born in Harrison County, Virginia, Sept. 3, 1844, and in 1856 went to Doniphan County, Kansas, where he remained till 1863, then moving to Buchanan County, Missouri. Was educated in the common schools in his native county and was reared a farmer boy and has followed same during life. He has for ten years been engaged in teaching vocal music. His farm contains 105 acres. Was in the Pawpaw Militia five months. Mr. S. I0o6 BIOGRAPHICAL. was married September 20, 1865, to Miss Mary E. King. She was born in Buchanan County, Missouri, November 8, 1850. They have had five children, four of whom are living: Anna L., born October 15, 1867; Wm. v., born December 13, 1869; Maggie B., born March 9, 1872; and James C, born August 28, 1879. CAPTAIN JOSIAH WILSON, farmer and merchant, section 31, postoffice Hall, was born in Bartholo- mew County, Indiana, September 10, 1826, and was raised and educated in his native county. His father being a blacksmith, the son also learned that trade, which he has followed more or less during life. In the spring of 1846, he enlisted in the Mexican War, in Company F., Third Indi- ana, and remained in the service for fourteen months, participating in the battle of Buena Vista, after which he returned to Indiana. In 1852, he was appointed overseer of the county asylum and farm, having charge of this institution for two years. In 1856, he purchased a sawmill, which he operated two years, and was then for a short time connected with a flouring mill. Afterwards he embarked in the mercantile trade, contin- uing till the summer of 1861, when he formed a company of volunteers, known as Company E, Twenty-second Indiana. He was mustered in as captain, and, after about fourteen months, on account of his failing health, he was compelled to resign, returning home. In 1863, he received the appointment of post sutler, at Murfreesboro, Tennessee. In 1 87 1, he came to Buchanan County, Missouri, and first located in Lake Township, where he followed his trade for three years, and then moved to his present location. In 1876, he began in the mercantile trade, in partnership with his son. He is also engaged in farming, and owns 80 acres of land. Mr. W. was married August 15, 1847, to Miss Minerva Vanzant. She was born in Bartholomew County, Indiana, July 24, 1830, and died May 13, 1852. They had two children, -both of whom are deceased. November 11, 1852, he was again married, to Miss Elizabeth Parks. She was born in Muskingum County, Ohio, July 19, 1834. They have had eight children, seven of whom are living : Thomas W.-, born September 10, 1853 ; Alfred B., born December 3, 1855 ; Martin D., born May 28, 1858; Hiram Abiff, born Septembers, i860; Josiah M., born May 18, 1863 ; Charles S., born October 21, 1865 ; and Emma B., born July 28, 1869. He is a member of the Masonic fraturnity. HENRY YEAKLEY, farmer, section 23, postoffice St. Joseph, is a son of Samuel and Mary Yeakley, who were natives of Tennessee, Samuel's father, Henry, was of German descent. Mary Yeakley was a daughter of Michael Berger, WAYNE TOWNSHIP. lOO/ ■who was of Welsh origin. The subject of this sketch was born in Orange County, Indiana, September i, 1817. Was reared there and in Owen County, spending his boyhood days on a farm. In the fall of 1841 he moved to his present location, having entered a part of the farm he now owns. His landed estate consists of about 508 acres comforta- bly improved, having an orchard of three acres. Mr. Y. has been mar- ried three times ; first, to Miss Rebecca Cotter, September 2, 1838, who was born in Indiana, December 15, 1818. She died June 24, 1852, leav- ing seven children, four of whom are living : Mary A., Michael, Lydia E. and Margaret. The second marriage occurred October 3, 1852, to Mrs. Margaret P. Herrington, whose maiden name was Tyler. She was born in Indiana, June 13, 183 1, and died March 2, 1859. They had three children, two now living : James H. and Emily J. Mrs. Sarah M. Brown became his third wife July 10, 1859. Her maiden name was Riley, and she was born August 26, 1826, and is a native of Lexington, Kentucky. They have had seven children, of whom three are living : Belle F., Armacinda S. and Mary L. M. Mr. Y. is a mason being a member of Willington Lodge No. 22, also of Chapter No. 6. Also belongs to I. O. O. F. of DeKalb No. 191. Mr. and Mrs. Y. are mem- bers of the Christian Church. JAMES A. YEAKLEY, farmer, section 23, postoffice St. Joseph, is a son of Henry Yeakley, and was born in Buchanan County, Missouri, December 15, 1853. He has been raised on the farm where he now resides, and has followed farming during life, and owns a farm of forty acres. He was married December -21, 1874, to Miss Mary A. Carrel. She is a daughter of Andrew J. and I^ucy A. Carrel, who now reside in Buchanan County. Here she was born August 4, 1854. They have four children, three now living : Emily J., Minnie E., and Charles E. i LAKE TOWNSHIP. JOHN EHRET, farmer, section 36, postoffice Rushville, is a nati\re of Germany, and! was born June 10, 1827. Received a fair education in his native coun- try, and in 1854 emigrated to America,.and located in Buchanan County,. Missouri. Served two years in the state militia, and in 1864 enlisted in the Confederate service in Company A, Forty- third Missouri Infantry;, participated in many important battles and remained in service until the- close of the war. His landed estate consists of 195 acres in this county and 20 acres in Kansas, near Atchison. Was married, in 1859, to Miss; Sally Lunbofan, oi Germany. She died May 14, 1873, leaving six child- ren, four of whom are living, Lena^ SaJly, Willie and Mary. Was again^ married, in September, 1873, to Miss Tila Bowman. She was born in Germany, November 27, 1848, and came to America in 1872. They- have had four children, three of whom arfe living, George,. Charley and -John. JOHN WILSON, farmer, section 26, postoffice Hall, was born in Barthol'ome-w County, Indiana, November 23, 1829, and when eight years of age his parents moved to Missouri, and located in Grundy County, and in 1840, moved to Buchanan County. Here he has since resided, except during 1866,. when he was in Doniphan County, Kansas. His vocation during life- has been that of a farmer. His landed estate consists of 120 acres. Was- in the state militia for four years. Mr. Wilson was married May 3, 1850,, to Miss Caroline McGalliliard, of Indiana. By this union they have had eight children, six of whom are living — William, Thomas J., Andrew L.,, Sarah, Nancy and John. He has held most all. the offices of his town- ship. RUSH TOWNSHIP. JOHN H. ALLISON, farmer, section 23, postoffice Rushville, was bom- in Warren County,. Kentucky, October 25, 181 5, and when eleven years of age his father moved to Lafayette County, Missouri, where he was raised and edu- cated. He there remained till 1838, when he moved to Buchanan County, and has since been engaged in agricultural pursuits. His farm contains eighty acres comfortably improved. He acted as justice of the peace for twelve years. Mr. A. was married August 8, 1840, to Miss Dicy A. Trapp, who was born in Jackson County, Missouri, May 29, 1828. She died September 15, 1870, leaving twelve children, six of whom are living : Jasper C, Houston, Polly A., William, George W., and James. Mr. A. is a member of the Christian Church. JAMES HENRY ALLISON,. farmer, Rushville, was born in Fayette County, Missouri, in February,, 1833. In 1838 his parents moved to Buchanan County, Missouri, where he was raised and educated. He spent his boyhood days on a farm,, with the exception of four years, which time he was-- engaged in clerking in a store. Mr. A. is considered one of the most successful farmers of Buchanan County. During the late war he served six months in the State Militia. His farm contains 200 acres, eighty acres being situatedl in the bottom, and his home farm in sections 13 and 14. He was mar- ried December 16, 1855, to Miss Martha Eastburn. She was born and raised in Buchanan County. They have four children^,. Lloyd W., Eliza- beth F., William F., and Anna E. J. A. BAILEY, -I dealer in general merchandise, East Atchison, was born March 24, 1842,. in Monroe County, Kentucky, and at seven years of age moved tO' Jackson County, Tennessee, with his parents. Came from there to- Platte County, Missouri, in 1850. He spent his boyhood days on a farm^ and received his education in the common subscription schools of early days. His father died in 1858, and John, being the eldest of the sons. at home, took the care of the farm and fallowed agricultural pursuits. lOIO BIOGRAPHICAL. until the 26th of January, 1872. Then formed a partnership with E. C. Wells in the mercantile business, which they carried on until the 21st of January, 1880, when they were burned out. Mr. Bailey then bought Mr. Well's interest and started on his own account. He is a Knight in the Masonic order, also a member of the Knights of Honor and A. O. U. W. Mr. B. was married, December, 15, 1872, to Miss Lpuisa Robb, a native of Louisiana. She was born April 16, 1854. They have had four child/en, Musadora, John S., William E. and Joseph L. DANIEL BRISBOIS, agent of the Kansas City, St. Joseph and Council Bluffs Railroad Com- pany, East Atchison, was born in Prairie du Chien, Wisconsin, March II, 1842, and was there brought up, and attended school principally at the Racine College. His father, Gen. Brisbois, one of the leading and influential citizens of Prairie du Chien, held the position of postmaster, and Daniel assisted him with the business of that office. In 1865 he took a trip to the mountains and after about one year returned to his native city, there became engaged in railroading, steamboating and express business. In 1871 Mr. B. came to St. Joseph, Missouri, and accepted a position with the Hannibal and St. Joseph Railroad Com- pany, continuing for two years, when he went to Atchison, Kansas. He worked for the Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe Company for a time, then went to Marshalltown, Iowa, and was employed as chief clerk of the Central Railroad of Iowa. Coming to St. Joseph again, in the inter- est of the Kansas City road, he remained for three years, holding the position of cashier in the local office, a part of the time. He then took charge of the station at East Atchison (formerly Winthrop), with the Kansas City, St. Joseph and Council Bluffs Railway, which he is still filling. Mr. B. was married in the fall of 1861 to Miss Victoria H. Perret-Gentin, a native of Prairie du Chien, Wisconsin. They have had three children : Edgar G., Theressa J. and Sumner W. Mr. B. is a Knight Templar in the Masonic order, and Mrs. B. is a member of the Episcopal Church. WARD BROWN, deceased, was born in Tennessee, in 1821, and was raised in his native state till seventeen years of age, when he came to Platte County Mis- souri. There he remained until the fall of 1845, then moving to Buchanan County, where he remained till the time of his demise, December 26, 1865. On the 3d of May, 1842, he was married to Miss Elizabeth Ankrum, who was born in Pennsylvania April 3, 1818. When but a child her parents moved to Ohio, where she was raised and edu- •cated, her educational advantages being rather limited. In 1837, they HUSH TOWNSHIP. lOI I ■moved to Missouri, and located in Randolph County, where they remained four years, and afterwards moved to Platte County, where she was married. They had a family of sine children, six of whom are liv- ing : Alva G., Luke M., David A., George A., Tilford and John H. Mr. Brown was raised an orphan boy, and followed farming from boyhood. Since his death, Mrs. B., with the assistance of her sons, has taken charge of the farm, which contains 155 acres, and is located in section 23, her postoffice being Winthrop. , JAMES I. CASH, farmer, section 26, postoffice Rushville, was born in White County, Ten- nessee, November 28, 1828, and when ten years of age his parents moved to Buchanan County, where he was raised and educated. He has followed farming from boyhood, and now owns 185 acres. He was married in March, 1855, to Miss Eveline Linville, of Missouri. She was born in 1835 and died 1863. They had four children, but one now liv- ing, Andrew J. Mr. Cash was again married February 14, 1866, to Miss Mary Gore. She is a native of Buchanan County, Missouri. They have had seven children, three of whom are living : Minnie, Charles, and Thomas. Mr. and Mrs. Cash are members of the Christian Church. Dr. B. W. culver, physician and surgeon, Rushville, was born in Schenectady County, New York, October i, 183 1, and was raised there and in the adjoining county on a farm, receiving his education in the common schools. In the spring of 1852 he emigrated to Linn County, Iowa, where he remained two years, engaged in clerking and studying medicine. He then went to Benton County, Iowa, and remained two years, engaged at the same occupation, and until 1868 he resided in Wright and Hancock Counties, being there engaged in the practice of his profession. He attended the American Medical College of Cincinnati, graduating in the spring of 1856. He was elected sheriff of Wright County, Iowa, and served two years, he also served four years as county supervisor of Hancock County. In 1868 Dr. C. went to America City, Kansas, and remained till 1873, when he moved to his present location. He was married March 25, 1855, to Miss Harriet E. Dolph, who was born in the State of New York, March 21, 1833. She died October 2, 1871. They had five children, four now living : Emma R., born February 26, 1856 ; Charles H., born December i, 1858, and died September i, 1859; Frank L., born June 19, 1861 ; Dora A., born February i, 1863, and Orval V., born May 28, 1865. He was again married December 27, 1872, to Miss Nancy Reede, Tjorn in Ohio, February 28, 1838. She died January 19, IOI2 BIOGRAPHICAL. 1881. They had one child, Harriet E., wKo was borm October 20, i875« She died October 19, 1877. The doctor also has one adopted child,. Georgie M. Culver. Her real name is Cox. She was born April iii,. 1878. REV. I. D. DAVIS, farmer and fruit grower, section 14, postoffice. Rushville, was born im Lewis County, Kentucky, February 22, 1826,. and when two years of age his parents moved to Missouri, and located in Clay County, where they remained one year. Then went to Clinton County, and after two' years located in Buchanan County, where he was raised and educated^ When he was about twenty-three years of age he went to Davis and DeKalb Counties, remaining in each about twa years, when he agaiin located in Buchanan County, where he has since resided. He has fol- lowed farming from boyhood. His farm contains 40 acres, which he uses principally for fruit, having about twenty acres of the finest varie- ties of both large and small fruits. Was married, June 13, 1862, to Miss Mary Dykes. She was born in Bourbon County, Kentucky, December 25, 1844. They have had six children, five of whom are living: George F., Hattie A., Charley V., and infant twins, both boys. Mr. D. has been a minister of the M. E. Church South since i860. Mrs. D. is also a mem- ber of that denomination. ALFRED FENTON, grain and stock dealer, is a representative citizen of Buchanan County. He was born in Mason County, Kentucky, May 28, 1829. His father, John Fenton, a native of Loudoun County, Virginia, moved to Kentucky in the early settling of that state. In 1808 he moved to Adams County, Ohio, where his son, the subject of this sketch, lived on a farm till he was twenty-one years of age, and where he received a common school education. In 1850 he moved to Missouri, and, three years after,, located permanently at Rushville, where, in partnership with his brother,, he sold goods till 1869. He also dealt largely in live-stock, hemp, and other commodities doing a general trading business. In the meantime in 1859, M""- Fenton visited Colorado and embarked ia the wholesale grocery trade and stock business in which he continued three years, when he freighted for government till 1867, at which time he returned to Buchanan County, and has continued to make Rushville his home. Duriryg all this period Mr. Fenton, in his mercantile business, was associated with his brother, E. M. Fenton. He is recognized as the leading business man of that section of the county. Mr. A. Fenton's landed estate includes 1,800 acres in Missouri, and about 400 acres in Kansas. In October, 1865, he married Miss Alice Long, of Buchanan RUSH TOWNSHIP. IOI3 County, by whom he has had six children, five of whom are living : Beaumie, Wm. R., Frederick, Clarence and Lucy. H. C. GOLDEN, .agent for the C^ R. I. & P. R. R., East Atchison, was born February 7, 1844, in Chatham, New York, and was there reared and educated. He •early became engaged as book-keeper with a wholesale hardware house in New York City, and remained in their employ until the breaking out ■of the war, when he enlisted as a private in Company E, One Hundred and Eleventh New York Volunteer Infantry, on the 24th of July, 1862. Served for three years with the army of the Potomac, and was taken prisoner at Harper's Ferry and paroled. Participated in the three day's fight at Gettysburg, and was with the campaign to Atlanta. Mr. Golden was mustered out as captain. Since the war he has given his attention to railroading. Was first engaged with the Boston and Albany, next the Kansas Pacific, and then with the Missouri Pacific. In 1877, he was ■employed by the Chicago, Rock Island and Pacific, taking charge of the station at Winthrop (East Atchison), which position he still fills. Cap- tain G. was married in 1876, to Miss Mary Kelly, a native of Atchison. They have had one child — Harry. Mr. G. is a Knight Templar in the Masonic order and also a member of the Knights of Pythias. HENRY GORE, •farmer and stock raiser, section 26, postoffice Sugar Lake, Platte County Missouri, was born in Mercer County, Virginia, July 3, 1826, and was ■reared in his native county till eighteen years of age, when he came to Missouri. Remained in Andrew County one year, and since that time "he has been a citizen of Buchanan County. Spent his boyhood days on a farm, and has followed that occupation during life. Came to Missouri •with but a small amount of means, and by his own labor and good man- •agement, he accumulated some 800 acres of land. In the spring of 1880 he divided his land among his children, only retaining for himself 160 acres. Was married June 17, 1847, to Miss Elizabeth Stultz, who was barn in North Carolina, April 27, 1828. They have had ten children, seven of viiiom are* living — William H., Mary L., Eliza A., Sarilda C, Joseph M., John L. and Thomas I. T. W. HARL, attorney, East Atchison, was born February 26, 1844, in Mt. Vernon, Ohio, and was raised and educated in his native city. During the late war he enlisted in Company A, Fourth Ohio Infantry, in 1861, and iserved until the xlose of the war, ha.ving taken part in many hard I0I4 BIOGRAPHICAL. fought battles, among which were Cheek Mountain, the seven days' bat- tle, second Bull Run, Antietam, and Gettysburg. After this he entered the commissary department at Washington, remaining there until the close of the war, with the exception of one month spent with General Grant's command. Emigrated West in the fall of 1865, and setttled at Council Bluffs, Iowa, where he resided until 1868, engaged in the study of law. Then moved to Jackson County, Kansas, engaging in the prac- tice of his profession, until 1877, when he came to this place and opened an office. He has built up a good practice, owns considerable town property and stands among the leading citizens of the county. Was married, in 1867, to Miss Lizzie J. Birt, a daughter of F. A. Birt, of Coun- cil Bluffs. She was born May 15, 1846, in Brownsville, Pennsylvania. They have had a family of two children, Frank F. and Charles. Mrs. H. is a member of the Presbyterian Church. WM. K. JONES, farmer and stock dealer, section 24, postoffice Rushville, was born in Fleming County, Kentucky, October 3, 1834, and was there raised on a farm. In 1856 he went to Rush County, Indiana, where he worked on a farm one year and returned to his native home and shortly after went to Jefferson County, Kansas. In December, 1857, he came to Buchanan County, Missouri, where he has since been engaged in farming and deal- ing in stock. His farm contains 280 acres. Was married December 13, 1859, to Miss Marilda Jones. She was born in Rush County, Indiana, August 17, 1^41. They have three children : Thomas D., Albert H. Bettie J. Mr. Jones is a member of the Masonic fraternity. GEORGE McKINNIS, was born October 16, 1848, in Jackson County, Ohio, and came to Missouri with his parents when about seven years of age. They settled in Cald- well County, and remained there until 1854, when they came to this county, and George has made this his home since, having been engaged in various occupations. Assisted in organizing and is one of the ener- getic men of the place. JOHN E. McQueen, East Atchison, was born Jan. 12, 1844, in Boone County, Missouri, and was brought to this place when about three years of age, and has since made his home in this vicinity. He spent his boyhood days on a farm, here received his education, and followed boating on the river up to 1871, when he commenced the grocery and liquor business in East Atchi- son. He owns a residence and four lots in the town. He was married RUSH TOWNSHIP. lOIJ • in 1875 to Miss Elizabeth Anderson, a native of this township, born November 9, 1856. They have one child living, Medora A.; two are deceased. Mr. McQueen formerly belonged to the Odd Fellows and the Knights of Honor. JOHN MEYER, baker and confectioner. East Atchison,' was born April 4, 1847, in- Bavaria, Germany, and was there raised, learning the baker's business^ He received his education in the school^ of that country, and came to the United States in 1869, landing at New York. Coming west, he stopped one year in Pittsburg, Pennsylvania. His next move was to St.. Louis, Missouri, where he remained three years, and then went to Atchi- son, Kansas; working for seven years at his trade. He subsequently came to East Atchison, and started the business in which he is now engaged. He has a neat and tastily arranged establishment, and his; long experience in the business gives him an advantage over many.. Mt. M. was married August, 1874, to Miss Lizzie Gartfedler, a native of Switzerland. They have had three children, two of whom are living, William and Bertie. Mr. M. is a member of the Odd Fellows and the Knights of Honor. HARISON MORROW, deputy postmaster of East Atchison, occupies a position among the leading young men of Buchanan County. Was born September 23, 1853, in Wayne County, Kentucky, and spent his boyhood days on a farmj receiving his education in the schools of that vicinity. Came west in the fall of 1873 and settled at Winthrop (East Atchison), and engaged in farming with his uncle. In the spring of 1877 he entered his uncle's store at this place and now attends to most of the business, besides having the care of the postofifice. Is well thought of by this commun- ity and is a member of the Knights of Honor. J. S. PATTERSON, East Atchison, was bornjAugust 24, 1851, in Cleveland, Ohio, where he was reared and received'his education. Emigrated to Chicago in 1869, and engaged in the liquor business, and came from there to this place in 1879, where he has made his home, and taken an active part in the build- ing up of the place. Assisted in organizing the town, and held the position of Mayor in 1880. Is an active member of the Knights of Honor. Was married May 24, 1873, to Miss Ellen Foot, a native of Chicago, and they have had two children — George and Gracie. IOl6 BrOGRAPHICAL. J, R PITTS, farmer and stock raiser, section 27, postoffice Rushviile, was born in Fleming County, Kentucky, December 9, 1819, and in the fall of 1850 he -moved to Platte County, Missouri. There he remained till February, 1862, when he moved to Buchanan County, Missouri, where he has since resided. He has followed farming from boyhood, and now his landed estate consists of over 500 acres. He is at present living with his fourth wife. A. G. PROSSER was born April 15, 1840, in Johnstown, Pennsylvania, where he was raised and received his education. He came West in the spring of 1865, and located in St. Joseph, where he accepted a position with the Hanni- bal & St. Joseph Railroad Company. In January, 1866, he started with a wagon and team across the plains, to Denver, and arrived at his des- tination in March of the same year, and there turned his attention to mining, and followed it one year, after which he visited Montana and Idaho, returning to St. Joseph in 1868. In 1873, he came to Winthrop (East Atchison), and engaged in the liquor trade, and, since his arrival here, has been among the foremost in advancing the interests of the town. He assisted in its organization, and was its first Mayor. Mr. P. holds the position of justice of the peace. He was married, in 1869, to Miss Maggie E. Knapp, a native of St. Joseph. They have one child, Clara B. He is a member of the Knights of Honor, and holds the posi- tion of Dictator in the lodge. J. W. RANKIN, miller, Rushviile, was born in Cooper County, Missouri, May 13, 1841, and was there raised and educated. In 1864, he went to California, and after traveling over the different states and territories until 1867, he returned to his native county. In May, 1875, he moved to Rushviile, where he now resides. Has followed milling from boyhood, having been brought up to the business. Was married, May 20, 1873, to Miss Ella P. Johnson. She was born in Nelson County, Kentucky, May 27, 1850. Her parents died about 1865, after which she made her home with her uncle in Cooper County. She was educated in the tommon schools and in Cully's College, in Cooper County, Missouri, graduating from this institution in 1872, after which she attended the normal school at War- rensburg, Johnson County, Missouri. She then engaged in teaching until her marriage. They have two children: William E., born April 14, 1875, and Mary, born April 10, 1881. Mr. Rankin is a member of the Masonic lodge. RUSH TOWNSHIP. lOI/ FERDINAND REUTHINGER, Mayor of East Atchison, was born March 29, 1830, in Switzerland, and was there raised until eighteen years of age and received his education in schools of that land. In 1850 he crossed the ocean and landed at New Orleans, immediately coming up the Mississippi River to St. Louis and thence to St. Joseph. He remained here until 1861, engaged in the hotel business, and kept what is known as the St. Louis House, but met with a misfortune by being burned out. He then moved on a farm, and in 1863 commenced teaming across the plains to Denver and continued therein until the fall of 1864, when he moved to Winthrop (East Atchison.) Since that time he has been engaged in various occupations- He owns 350 acres of fine land in Platte County which is well improved, containing g<}pd buil^jngs, &c. Also owns a fine residence and other town property ; and holds the position of Mayor of East Atchison, which he fills with credit to himself and friends. He has been twice married, first, in 1855, to Miss Elizabeth Steineffer, a native of Switzer- land. She died December 4, 1876, leaving five children living : Paulina, Elizabeth, Ferdinand, Rosena and LMlie. Lost four. Was again mar- ried July 7, 1878, to Mrs. Regina Vasse, a native of Germany. They have one child, Charlie. Mrs. R. has five children by her former hus- band : Henry, Carolina, Rosa, George and Elizabeth. Dr. J. W. ROBBINS, physician and surgeon, East Atchison, was born November 14, 1846, in Adams County, Ohio, and was raised there until fifteen years of age. During the late war he espoused the Union cause and enlisted in the Second Ohio Artillery, Company B, in June, 1863, serving until the close of the war. He was attached to the fourteenth army corps, and took part in the battles of Nashville, Chickamauga, Knoxville, Straw- . berry Plains, and many other engagements. He drove an ambulance and served some time in the hospital. At the close of the war Mr. R. settled at Cincinnati and commenced the study of medicine, and in 1867 took his first course of lectures. He»emigrated West in 1867 and located at Winthrop (East Atchison), where he continued the practice of medicine until 1872. Then returned to Cincinnati and took a full course of lectures, and received his diploma. Upon moving to Olney, Illinois, he married Miss H. E. Philips, a native of that State. They came to Winthrop and have since made this their home. Dr. R, owns two lots and a residence. He has a widespread reputation, has achieved a thorough knowledge of the practice, and is an active member of the Knights of Honor. 10 1 8 BIOGRAPHICAL. GREENUP SUTTON,, farmer and breeder of fine stock, section 20, postoffice KushvilTe, was born in Fleming County, Kentucky, November 6, 1843., and when twelve years of age, his parents moved to Buchanan County,. Missauri,, where he has been reared on a farm. Was for two years engaged in the mercan- tile trade at Rushville, and was also employed in the harness trade one year in the same place. Outside of the various occupations mentioned^ Mr. S. has been engaged in agricultural pursuits. He has for a few years been dealing in fine blooded stock of all classes, and was, one. of the first to begin the handling of thoroughbreds in his locality. His farm contains 140 acres, all of which is well improved, having one of the best barns in the county. Was married in January, 1869, to Miss Phebe Elliott, who was born in Kentucky, in January, 1842, and came to this county in 1845. They have had three children, two of whom are living — Selden and Emma. ELIJAH WATSON, postmaster, Rushville, was born in Fleming County, Kentucky, April 25, 1 8 16, and was raised on a farm and educated in 'the pioneer school houses. In 184S, he came to Buchanan County, and located in sec- tion 12, at that time but a wilderness. Remained in this location about eight years and then moved to Rushville, where he began in the mercantile business. In this he continued till 1855, after which he did business for other parties till about 1877. Since 1876 he has used most of his time in prospecting for the lost boat Pontiac, which sank April 16, 1852, and of which mention is made elsewhere in our history. Mr. W. has been postmaster since June 10, 1854, ^nd was justice of the peace for fourteen years. He was again re-elected but would not accept the position. Was married, September 11, 1838, to Miss Gracie Seever. She was born in Illinois and raised in Kentucky. They have had twelve children, six of whom are living: John H., James B., Elisha M., Hezekiah C, George W., and Nancy C, now Mrs. Abbett. Hon. W. S. WELLS, of Rushville, was born in Lee County, Virginia, September 13, 1812. His great-grandfather was a native of Wales, and was among the early settlers of Maryland. His grandfather, Zachariah Wells, during the Revolutionary war was a resident of North Carolina, whence he after- wards moved to Lee County, Virginia. His father, Robert Wells, was born in North Carolina. He married Elizabeth Shepherd in Virginia, and moved to Jackson County, Missouri, in 1826, being thus one of the early settlers of that part of the State, where he died in 1853, at the RUSH TOWNSHIP. IOL9 advanced age of ninety years. The subject of this sketch received a thorough English education in his native county, where he afterwards taught school, and where on May 8, 1833, he married Miss La'vina Jones, a native of Grayson County, Virginia, born February 20, 1817. . They have had ten children, of these James M., Emmett C, Samuel B., Mar- tha J., Minerva, Celia E., Robert B., and G. W., survive ; May and Albert G. died. W. S. Wells moved to Missouri in 1829, settling in Jackson County, and at the end of the year returned to Virginia. In 1837 he moved from Virginia to Platte County, Misspuri, where, in the spring of 1838, he taught one of the first schools ever opened in that section of country. About the close of the same year, he returned to Virginia. In 1843 he again visited Missouri, locating at Wright City, in the southwest part of the State. In 1844 he moved to Marshall County, Alabama, and thence in 1850 to Western Tennessee. In 1856 he moved to Douglas County, Kansas Territory, from which he was subsequently elected a member of the celebrated Lecompton Convention which framed a constitution for the State. In this election he received the unanimous vote of both parties. In November, i860, he moved to Atchison, Kansas, and, in the following January, returning to Missouri, settled in his present (1881) home — Rushville. ' In the fall of 1861 he joined General Price's army under Jackson's first call for troops. He was in the battle of Pea Ridge, and served till May, 1862, when he returned home. In May 1866 he embatked in the mercantile business in Rushville, in which he has since been principally engaged. In 1874 he was elected by the Democrats a member of the Twenty-eighth Gen- eral Assembly. He was re-elected to the same position. in 1876, receiv- ing, besides the full Democratic vote of his district, a large Republican support. In politics he has all his life been a Democrat. He has been a member of the old Baptist Church, thirty-nine years. Of this he is also an ordained minister, and has been preaching since 1853. He served as justice of the peace six years, and has been a notary public, since 1873. S. B. WELLS was born in Lee County, Virginia, April 7, 1843, and when about one year old, was taken by his parents to Alabama, where he remained about four or five years. Then they moved to Dyer County, Tennessee, and in 1856 to Douglas County, Kansas, there residing till i860, the time of their emigration to Buchanan County. When twenty-two years of age, our subject learned the carpenter's trade, and has worked at it eight years. In 1866, he embarked in the mercantile trade in Rushville, and has been engaged in the same business more or less since. He has a farm of 112 acres, also good property in Rushville. Was married November 2, 1866, to Miss Martha J. White, who was born in Buchanan 1020 BIOGRAPHICAL. County, in 1847. They have had five children, three of whom are living — Charles W., Robert B. and Emmett. EMIL WINKLER, dealer in groceries and provisions, East Atchison, was born May 16, 1849, in Prussia, Germany, and spent his boyhood days on a farm, receiving his education in the schools of that vicinity. At the age of fourteen years, he commenced to learn the milling business, and followed ist for nine years. In the spring of 1872, he emigrated to America, and knded at New York City, coming to Atchison, Kansas, where he engag^ as clerk in a grocery $tore, and he remained t|iree years, in that capacity, and then opened at his present location, in East Atchison, in 1876. His store is filled with a complete stock of general groceries and provisions, and he has a fair patronage. . He was married December 5, ,1:875, to Miss Pauline Reuthinger, daughter of F. Reuthinger, present Mayor of East Atchison. She is a native of this state, and was born February 11, 1856. They have had three children, two of whom are living, Carl T. and Rosa. Himself and wife are members of the Lutheran Church, and he is a member of the Knights of Honor. Mr. W. belongs to the city council. BLOOMINGTON TOWNSHIP. JESSE BLEVINS, section 2, postoffice DeKalb, was born in Green County, Kentucky, August 18, 1816, and was raised on a farm and educated in the old log school house. When seventeen years of age his father moved to Jack- son County, Missouri, where they remained till the spring of 1837, then coming to Buchanan County, where he has since made his home. His farm consisits of 192 acres. In 1847 he went to the Mexican war as a teamster and remained on duty for a year, less one month. He has been for four years constable of his township. Was married April 7, 1839, to Miss Ro?a Lower. She was born in Granger County, Tennes- see, October 10, i8i6, and came to Missouri in 1855*, and to Buchanan County in 1837. They have had sixteen children, six of whom are living : Sarah, Francis J., Daniel and Jacob (twins), Lucy E. and Elizabeth. BLOOMINGTON TOWNSHIP. 1021 For the last twelve years Mr. B. has been unable to attend to his work on account of illness. Is the man who carried the first mail from Buchanan County, the route being from Crawford Township to Platts- burg. This he continued for four years. GAINES BOHANNON, farmer, section 2, postoffice DeKalb, was born on the section upon which he now resides, April 22, 1840, and was also raised on the same farm,, and educated in the common schools. Taught a short time, since which he has been engaged in farming. His landed estate in this county con- sists of 40 acres; also, has 160 acres in Butler County, Kansas, where he has a part of the time made his home. John S. Bohannon, his father, was born March 7, 1806, and was a native of Sullivan County, Tennessee. Came to Buchanan County, Missouri, in 1838, and had followed farming from boyhood. He died July 14, 1879. His mother, Tabitha Foust, was born March 16, 1809, and was a native of Sullivan County, Tennessee. They had a family of eleven children, ten of whom grew up, and eight are now living. F. M. BRETZ, blacksmith, DeKalb, was born in Marion County, Ohio, October 31, 1840, and when five years of age his parents moved to Buchanan County, Missouri, where he has since resided. He was here educated in the common schools, his educational advantages being rather limited. When thirteen years of age he began to learn his present trade in DeKalb, where he has since followed it. Began in life a poor boy and, was the main support of his parents for a number of years. Miss Cleora Smith became his wife December 26, 1864. She was born in Buchanan County, April 24, 1848, and is a daughter of Joseph Smith, ex-sheriff of Buchanan County. They have had five children, four of whom are liv- ing: Charles L., born September 24, 1866; Artie M., born October 31, 1874; Anna A., born July 2, 1877; Henry, born November 19, 1879. ALEXANDER BROWN, Sr., farmer, section 30, postoffice Rushville, was born in Bath County, Ken- tucky, May 22, 181 1, and, in 1832, went to Decatur County, Indiana, and there remained till October, 1835. At that time, he was married to Miss Mary A. Connor, after which they moved to Missouri, and located in Daviess County for two years, then moved to this county, where he has since resided. He now owns 160 acres of land. He previously owned more, but has given to his children. Mr. and Mrs. B. have eleven children : James W., born June 29, 1837; Martha A., born April 4, 1839 j 1022 BIOGRAPHICAL. Ezra, born September 14, 1841; Wm. S., born January 27, 1844; Frank- lin, born June 16, 1846 ; Memory, born September 6, 1848 ; Serrilda J., born October 19, 1850; Melvin, born April 20, 1853; Mary E., born August 24, 1858 ; David G., born December 20, 1855 ; Leona, April 21, 1861, died December 21, 1880, Mrs. Brown is a native of Indiana, and was born December 19, 18 19. JOHN T. BROWN, farmer and . carpenter, section 25, postoffice DeKalb, was born at Blue Lick, Nicholas County, Kentucky, September 15, 1830. His father, Daniel, being a carpenter, John also had the advantage of learning that trade. In 1851, he came to Missouri and located in Platte County, where he remained about two years and then came to Buchanan County. Here he has since resided, and during life has worked at his trade, more or less. His farm contains 120 acres. Was in the state militia about eighteen months, acting as drill master most of the time. Was mar- ried, September 16, 1852, to Miss Louisa Martin. She was born in Anderson County, Tennessee, September 9, 1832. They have ten child- ren: Martha A., James H., Eliza E., John F., William T., Edward L., Nannie, Florence, Maggie, and Buddie B. A. M. BROWN, farmer and fine stock breeder, section 11, postoffice DeKalb, was born May 4, 1838, and is a native of Decatur County, Indiana. In the fall of that year he was brought to Buchanan County, when, after receiving a fair education in the common schools, he attended the high school at Weston. He spent his boyhood days on a farm till sixteen years of age, after which he was engaged in the mercantile trade for several years. With this exception he has followed agricultural pursuits. He and his mother-in-law own 433 acres, their home farm containing 163 acres. He was married December 28, 1859, to Miss Julia Kendley. She was born in Kentucky, February 22, 1844. They have one child, Mary S., now Mrs. Steele, born October 8, 1861. Mr. Brown is a Mason, and a mem- ber of Wellington Lodge No. 22. WM. BROWN, farmer and stock dealer, section 16, postoffice DeKalb. The subject of this sketch is a son of David and Margaret Brown and was born on the farm where he now resides April 10, 1843. Has followed farming from boyhood, and now owns 157 acres and moderately improved. Miss Priscilla Hainline became his wife February 28, 1867. She was born in Buchanan County, Missouri, November 20, 1844. Six children was the BLOOMINGTON TOWNSHIP. IO23 result of this union, three of whom are living : David H., born Decem- ber II, 1867 ; Lizzie L., born September 7, 1871 ; and Virgie, born Jan- uary 21, 1877. DANIEL BRUMLEY, farmer, section 21, postoffice DeKalb, was born in Shelby County, Ken- tucky, February 14, 18 14. His father, William, was also a native of Kentucky, and a cooper by trade, which Daniel also learned. In 1837, he moved to Psirke County, Indiana, where he remained till 1843, the time of his emigration to Buchanan County, Missouri. Here he has since resided. Followed his trade, principally, from boyhood till he moved to his present location, and occasionally since, the remainder o his time being engaged on a farm. His farm contains 321 acres, mod- erately improved, all of which is the result of his own savings. Was married, September 18, 1834, to Miss Elizabeth J. Brown. She was born in Shelby County, Kentucky, June 4, 18 18. They have had eleven children, eight of whom are living; Mary E., born June 3, 1838; William P., born June 21, 1840; Samuel H., born May 15, 1842; Thomas E., born December 13, 1845; George W., born December 6, 1847; John A., born May 18, 1850; Henry H., born April 3, 1852; Lucy A., born May 10, 1854. ISAAC CLINKENBEARD, farmer and gardener, section 12, postoffice DeKalb, was born February 15, 1^23, and when an infant. his parents moved to Bourbon County, Kentucky, where he grew to manhood on a farm. Was for a few years in the mercantile business. When twenty years of age he came to Buchanan County, Missouri, where he has since resided. His farm con- tains, 156 acres. Also has a fruit and garden spot near St. Joseph. Was married, March 11, 1858, to Miss Mary A. Jones, She was born in Henry County, Kentucky, October 23, 1841. They have had eleven children, seven of whom are living: James H., born December 16, 1858; Mary E.,. born August 28, i860; William J., borp March 28, 1862; Henry E-, born August 14. 1864; Leander, born December 9, 1867; Lewis A., born February 7, 1870; Nannie M., born May 18,. 1873. J. C. CROOK, Sen., blacksmith, wagon manufacturer and dealer in farm implements, DeKalb. The subject of this biography was born January 5, 1832, and is a native .of Madison County, Kentucky. Was raised in his native county. When eleven years of age began to learn his trade. In the fall of 1848 his parents located in Buchanan County, where he engaged at his tradie;, -and in i56i worked in Fort Leavenworth. In 186.2 he went 1024 BIOGRAPHICAL, to Mexico and was foreman in the government shop at Fort Unjon for one year when he returned to DeKalb, Buchanan County, Missouri. He followed his trade till 1866 when he moved on a farm and was engaged in farming in connection with his trade till the spring of 1880, when he again moved to his present location in DeKalb. Also has a . farm of sixty acres in section 28, of this township. Was married Octo^ ber I, 1853, to Miss Nancy May. She was born April 26, 1835. They have had nine children^ eight of whom are living : Silas M., John R., Mary F., Ida, Charley, William, Warren and James C, Jr. Mr. C. is a Mason and a member of Wellington Lodge No. 22. Also an Odd Fel- low and a member of DeKalb Lodge No. 191. THOS. J. CRUMPACKER, notary, justice, carpenter and undertaker, DeKalb, was born in Clarke County, Ohio, January 15, 1832. His parents died when he was fifteen years of age, since which time he has relied entirely upon himself for support. When sixteen years of age he learned his present trade, and, in the fall of 1853, went to the southern part of Illinois, where he was engaged at bridge work, on the Illinois Central Railroad, about three months. After this he came to Missouri, working over different parts of Missouri, and some in Kansas. In November, 1855, he went to Texas, remained there one year, then traveled over some of the Southern States, and arrived in Ohio January 9, 1857. In May, of the same year, byway of Michigan, Chicago and St. Louis, he went to Arkansas and Tennes- see, and returned to Buchanan County, arriving in DeKalb July 13, 1857, where he has since made his home. Mr. C. is considered one of the most skillful mechanics of his trade, having had a large experience of about thirty-four years. His property im DeKalb denotes comfort and prosperity, his yard being filled with the finest varieties of flowers, on which subject he is much interested. May 23, 1857, he was married to Miss Susan A. Bretz. She was born in Marian County, Ohio, January 19, 1839. They have had ten children, six of whom are living: Mary A., Flora S., Thomas H., Jennie M., Frank W. and William G. Mr. C. is a Mason, and a member of Wellington Lodge No. 22. He was W. M. of that order for about ten years, and High Priest of Chapter No. 6 about two years. He is also a Sir Knight and member of Commandery No. 4, of Weston. ZELORA E. CRUMPACKER, carpenter and builder, DeKalb, was born in Miama County, Ohio, Feb- ruary 28,' 1 841, and when about five years of age he went to Harding County, Ohio, to make his home with Anania Jones. He was there raised on a farm and educated in the common schools. In December, BLOOMINGTON TOWNSHIP. 102$ 1861, he enlisted in Company G, Eighty-second Ohio Infantry, partici- pating in many important battles, and was wounded at the battle of Dallas, Georgia, May 24, 1864, by a ball passing through his left breast. After this he remained in the hospital ten months, when he was dis- charged and returned to Harding County, Ohio. He has since suffered very much from this wound. In the spring of 1865 he went to Cedar County, Iowa, where he remained till November, when he returned to Ohio, and was engaged in timber and lumber business till 1872. Then he came to Buchanan County, since which time he has made his home with his brother, and has been engaged at his trade. He is a Mason, and member of Wellington Lodge, No. 22. A. DERGE, of the firm of Derge & Hagenstein, merchants, DeKalb. The subject of this sketch was born in Gruneberg, Prussia, November 21, 1833. Was raised in his native country, and was there educated, receiving the prin- cipal part of his education in Berlin. In the fall of 1852, he became infatuated with the glowing accounts of America, and crossed the ocean, landing in New York City in November of that year. First went to Watertown, Wisconsin, where he was engaged as clerk in a bakery till the following spring, when he returned to his native country, having official business. Remained there till 1855, when he again came to America, and located in Wisconsin, where he was engaged in various works till the spring of 1858. Then went to Lyon County, Kansas, and took up a Government claim, but remained but a few months, when he came to St. Joseph, and the following winter went to DeKalb, and engaged as clerk in a store till 1861. Then went to Atchison, Kansas, embarked in the mercantile trade, and pursued the same till 1864, when he disposed of his stock and engaged as clerk. In 1867, he returned to DeKalb, and began in mercantile trade as one of the present firm, since which time has been doing the leading business of the city. Has held the position of postmaster since 1871. Besides keeping a general stock of goods they are also engaged in the grain and stock tradCj the junior partner of the firm attending principally to that department, their stock averaging from $5,000 to $8,000, and doing from $25,000 to $30,000 worth of business each year. In 1873, Mr. D. took a trip to his native home. Was married September 20, i860, to Miss Amanda Bretz, who was born in Ohio, October 24, 1842. ' They have four children — Alice, Frederick, William and Bertha. Mr. D. is a member of the Masonic Lodge of Wellington, No. 22, also an Odd Fellow, of DeKalb, No. 191. J. H. DICKEN, farmer, section 26, postoffice DeKalb, was born in Green County, Ken- tucky, July 5, 1837, and when two years of age his parents moved to. 1026 BIOGRAPHICAL. Illinois, where his father, Isaac. H., died' in the fall of 1844. In the spring of 1855, his mother, Elizabeth, with the family of nine children moved to Missouri and located in Buchanan County; The subject of this sketch was raised on a farm and has followed farming during life. He received a good education in the common schools here. He acted as Lieutenant in the Pawpaw Militia a number of months. Has held the office of justice of the peace since November, 1878. He now owns one-half interest in a farm of 140 acres. Was married February 6, 1866, to Miss Susan A. Fauntleroy. She was born in Kentucky, August II, 1840. They have two children — Valley H., born April 21, 1867 ; and Birdie B., born October 5, 1872. Mr. D. has been a member of the Christian Church since 1867 and Mrs. D. since 1876. D. A. DICKEN, farmer and stock dealer, section 26, postoffice DeKalb, was born in Menard County, Illinois, December 31, 1843. In the spring of 1845 he came to Buchanan County, Missouri, where he has since made his home. He received a fair education in the common schools and has taught school about four years. Has made several trips to the western states and territories engaged in freighting. With this exception Mr. D. has always been engaged in farming. His farm contains 140 acres which is moderately improved and well watered. Was married August 4, 1867, to Miss Bettie A. Brown. She was born in Garrett County, Kentucky, June 24, 1839. They have had four children, only one now living — Freddie B., born March 17, 1875. Mr. D. is a mason and a- member of Wellington Lodge No. 22. DAVID M. DIX, of the firm of Harmon & Dix, merchants, DeKalb, was born in Platte County, Missouri, April 29, 1850, and when only a child his parents moved to Buchanan County, where he has since resided. He received his primary education in the common schools of this county, and after- wards attended the State University two years, having taught school to pay his expenses while at this institution. He taught his first school in the year 1871, and followed the profession till the time he became a partner in this firm, in January, 1881. He was married March 26, 1879, to Miss Frankie Brown. She was born in this county August 8, 1853. They have one child, Maggie E., born January 16, 1880. This firm is doing a fair business, and, being prompt and agreeable, merit the pat- ronage they have obtained. R. C. DUNLAP, farmer and stock raiser, section 17, postoffic DeKalb, was born in Mont- gomery County, Kentucky, October 25, 1841, and when two years of age '. BLOOMINGTON TOWNSHIP. IO27 his parents moved to Buchanan County, Missouri. Was educated in the common schools, and also took a thorough course in Bryant's Busi- ness College of St. Joseph, graduating from this instisutibn in 1865. At the beginning of the war he served six months in the state guards after which he enlisted in the artillery service. Participated in a num- ber of the principal battles and was- wounded June 24, 1864, in the left arm, by a shell, which necessitated amputation. After this he lay in the hospital at Augusta, Georgia, for about three months, and remained in the South till the close of the war, when he returned to Buchanan County. His landed estate consists of 120 acres of land well improved. At present he is engaged in erecting a house of iine structure which will add much to the appearance of a home. Mr. D. was married, Decem- ber 20, 1866, to Miss Jennie Hurst. She is a native of Buchanan County, Missouri, and was born in August, 1848. They have four children: Leona, born April 16, 1868; James G., born October 20, 1871; Wyatt, born January 24, 1875 ; Lela, born December 27, 1879. JOSEPH T. FRAKES, farmer, section 12, postoffice DeKalb, was born in Montgomery County, Kentucky, June 30, 18 18, and when twelve years of age his parents moved to Putnam County, Indiana, where he remained ten years, .then com- ing to Buchanan County, Missouri, where he has since resided. His landed estate consists of no acres. Was married June 16, 1840, to Miss Birdie D. B. Sampson, who was born in Kentucky, October 18, 1822. She died in July, 1872. They had eight children — Elizabeth, born August 25, 1841; -Nathan T., born March 30, 1843; Jackson, born March 14, 1845 ; W. N., born February 20, 1847 ; Benjamin, born October 26, 1849; Willis, born August 6, 185 1 ; Anna J., born May 12, 1853 ; and Sednie A., born October 13, 1855. Mr. Frakes was again married October 2, 1875, to Mrs. Charlotte Tyler. A. B. FRISTOE, farmer, section 4, postoffice DeKalb, was born in Page County, Virginia, April 19, 1830, and was raised in his native State. In the fall of 1854 he came to St. Joseph and remained over winter; in the spring of 1855 he located in Bloomington Township, where he has since resided except from 1859 to 1862, when he was in Doniphan County, Kansas. His farm contains seventy acres, which is the savings of his own labor and business tact. He was in the Pawpaw militia two years. Was married Npvember 27, 1851, to Miss Lucinda Utz. She is a native of Virginia They have no children of their own,, but have raised one child and partly three others.. 1028 BIOGRAPHICAL. JAMES GABBERT, farmer, section 13, postoffice DeKalb, was born in Bartholomew County, Indiana, April 18, 1830, and when eighteen years of age his parents moved to Buchanan County, Missouri. Was raised on a farm and has followed that occupation during life. In 1856 he went to Leavenworth County, Kansas, where he remained till the spring of 1876, when he returned to Buchanan County. His farm contains 109 acres all of which* is the savings of his own labor. March 17, 1853, he was married to Miss Melvina Ellison. She was born in Rush County, Indiana, July 8, 1838. They have had ten children, eight of whom are living — Eliza- beth C, Melvin M., Wm. R., Ella N., Emma B., Mary O., Eva M., and Charlie. A. J. & J. M. GABBERT, farmers, section 14, postoffice DeKalb, are both natives, of BuchauiEin County, Missouri. A. J. was born August 30, 1844, and J. M. was born January 11, 1846. They have been raised in this county, and have fol- lowed farming from boyhood, and are the owners of a farm of eighty acres. They are both members of the I. O. O. F. lodge. Their parents were natives of Virginia, and came to Buchanan County, Missouri^ about 1840. They had a family of ten children. STEPHEN GARTON. DeKalb, was born in Decatur County, Indiana, May 15, 1826, and was reared in his native county till thirteen years of age, when his parents emigrated to Buchanan County, Missouri. Was brought up on a farm and engaged in farming till twenty-four years of age, since which time he has been engaged in the saloon business. In the summer of 1846, he went to New Mexico, and engaged as teamster in the Mexican war till the spring of 1867, when he returned to DeKalb. Was married, August 8, 18150, to Miss Sarah J. Percy, who was born in Putnam County, Indi- ana. She died June 12, 1855. They had three children, two of whom are living, Lawrence W. and Leroy. Was again married, November 28, 1855, to Miss Jane Bretz. She is a native of Marion County, Ohio. They had five children, four of whom are living: James B., Blanche, Florence B. and May. ISOM S. GARDNER, farmer and stock raiser, section 23, postoffice DeKalb, was born July 25, 1813, and is a native of Madison County, Kentucky. He never attended school a week in his life. Came to Buchanan County, Missouri, arriving October 29, 1838, and entered 160 acres of land where he now resides. BLOOMINGTON TOWNSHIP. I02g His landed estate consists of 265 acres being comfortably improved, all of which is by his own labor, having come to the county with a very small amount of means. From the time he was twenty years old till twenty-five, Mr. G. was employed in driving stock south to Petersburg and other points. November 19, 1835, he was united by marriage to Miss Mary Thurman. She was born in Madison County, Kentucky, August 4, 1 82 1, and was raised in her native county. They have had nine children, seven of whom are living' — Elizabeth J., born November 19. 1837 ; James A., born April 2, 1843 ; Mary R., born April 15, 1846; George I., born February 23, 1852, Wm. C, born September 25, 1853 ; Harrison B., bom August 16, 1856 ; and Warren, born October 11, 1859. Mr. G. is a Mason and member of Wellington Lodge No. 22. PHILIP GERNER, miller and farmer, DeKalb, was born January 12, 1821, and is a native of Baden, Germany. He was educated in both agricultural and military schools of his native country, and for two years was traveling over dif- ferent parts of Europe, Italy, Spain, France, Asia Minor, Turkey, Rus- sia, etc. He was for a short ■ time in the Revolutionary war. In Sep- tember, 1849, he started for America, landing at New York, where he remained eleven months, and after staying a time in Ohio and Ken- tucky, he came to Missouri and located in Platte County, this being in the spring of 1854. In February, 1864, he moved to Buchanan County, where he has since resided. Has principally followed milling from boy- hood, but occasionally has been engaged at various pursuits. His landed interest consists of 140 acres in Buchanan County, and 480 acres in Kansas, besides property in DeKalb. He was married- December 21, 1855, to Miss Ann Crutchfield, born in Kentucky, October 6, 1835. She died June 8, 1872. They had seven children, George, bom September 12, 1856; Fannie, born August 2, 1858; Ellen, born July 31, 1861 ; Francis Z., born August 24, 1863 ; Sheridan, born November 21, 1865 ; Sherman, born June 21, 1868, and Katie, born March 6, 1871. FRED. W. HAGENSTEIN, of the firm of Derge & Hagenstein, merchants, DeKalb, was born in Gruneberg, Prussia, October 2, 1838, and was there reared and received his education, having to work for his board when attending school. When fourteen years of age, he learned the miller's trade, which he fol- lowed about two years. Having anxiety to seek a new home in America, with his present partner he crossed the ocean, landing at New York July, 1855, and located in Wisconsin, where he remain till May, 1858, and then went to Kansas, and remained a short time, and came to St. Joseph, I030 BIOGRAPHICAL. where he was employed by Baker, Woodson & Co. till December, when he came to DeKalb. Here he was employed in a hotel till March, 1861, when he crossed the plains to Rock Creek, Nebraska, and was there engaged in mercantile trades of different kinds, also dealing in cattle. In 1863, he went to Whisky Run, Nebraska, and, one year after, he began freighting, visiting most of the the western points, and at the same time trading. He continued this business till January, 1867, when he returned to DeKalb, and began as one of the firm mentioned, his attention being directed principally toward the grain and stock department. The num- ber of car loads of grain shipped by them was about 100 during a year. They also have a number of acres of land, near their location, which they use entirely for pasture. Mr. H. not only came to America without money, but borrowed some to pay his way. He was married May 9, 1877, to Miss Mollie, Martin. She is a native of this county, and a daughter of Dr. John W. Martin. They have one child, Florence. Mr. H. is a Mason, and a member of Wellington Lodge No. 22. HARDEN HAINLINE, Sen., farmer and stock raiser, section 20, postoffice DeKalb, was born in Montgomery County, Kentucky, October 12, 1819. Was educated in the old-fashioned school houses of his native county. 'Spent his boy- hood days on a farm and has since followed that vocation. In 1844, he emigrated to Buchanan County, Missouri, and located where he now resides. His farm at that time was mostly covered with timber; it is now among the best improved farms in the county, and contains 160 acres. All he now owns has been gained by his own labor and busi- ness tact. Was married February i, 1844, to Sally Harmon. She was born in the same county as himself, December 6, 1817. They have had nine children, six of whom are living: Friscilla, now Mrs. Brown, born November 20, 1844; Lucy, now Mrs. Bundy, born December 8, 1847; Harden, Jr., born June 13, 1850; Francis, born July 13, 1853; Lemuel S., born May i, 1856; Jefferson E., born July 12, 1862. Mr. H. has acted as justice of the peace for four years, excepting a few months. JAMES HALL, retired farmer, section i, postoffice DeKalb, was born November 19,. 1808, and is a native of Powell County, Kentucky. He was raised in his native county on a farm and was educated in the common schools. His- father having died when he was but eight years of age, his educational' advantages were very much limited. Since seventeen years of age he " has been his own architect. He has followed farming from boyhood ; was married to Miss Julia A. McPherson December 25, 1828. She was. BLbOMINGTON TOWNSHIP. IO31 born in Clark County, Kentucky, about 1813, and died July 8, 1878 They had eight children, six of whom are living : William A., Permelia E., Francis M., Henry H., Martha A., and Kate. In 1829 Mr. Hall emi- grated to Decatur County, Indiana, and in the fall of 1837 he moved to Jackson County, Missouri, where he remained till the following spring, when he rrioved to Platte County. In the fall of 1841 he came to his pres- ent location. His farm contains 192 acres of land, which is moderately improved. Mr. H. has been a member of the Christian Church for thirty-one years, and is a Mason and member of Wellington Lodge, No. 22, of which he has been a member for about twenty-five years. T. D. HAMPTON. blacksmith, DeKalb, was born in Rutherford County, North Carolina April II, 1832, and when three years of age was taken to White County, Tennessee. There he grew to manhood and was occupied in farming until about 1859, when he learned the blacksmith's trade, and has since followed it. December 31, 1863, he moved to Robertson County, Ten- nessee, remained one year, and then came to Buchanan County, Mis- souri, first locating in Crawford Township. Six years later he removed to Washington County, Arkansas, but soon returned to his present loca- tion. Mr. H., was married April 30, 1857, to Miss Elizabeth James, who was born in White County, Tennessee, August 17, 1837. They have had seven children, five of whom are living: Cynthia L., born February '5' 1859; Elizabeth B., born January 16, i860; James B., born November 13, 1865; Nettie A., born March 7, 1867; William H., born July i, 1870. H. B. C. HARRIS, physician and farmer, section 25, postoffice DeKalb, was born in Pow.- hattan County, Virginia, February 3, 1825, and was there raised on a farm. After receiving his primary education in the common schools he attended the Concord Academy in Caroline County, Virginia, for three years. In 1848 he began the study of medicine with M. F. T. Evans and in 1848 graduated in the Medical University of the City of New York, after which he returned to his native home and remained one year. He again went to New York City, and in February, 1850, came to St. Louis and remained till July, when he located in Weston, Platte County, Missouri. Was at this point engaged in the practice of his pro- fession for about twenty years, during that time ranking among the leading physicians of the state and having the confidence of the people in his community. At the end of the time mentioned, on account of disability he gave up the practice and located on a farm and in the .spring of 1879 he moved to his present location. His farni is located in 1 032 BIOGRAPHICAL. Platte Counry and contains 120 acres. Dr. H. has been twice married ; first, to Miss Sarah C. Calvert, May 20, 185 1. She was born in Scott County, Kentucky, March 9, 1835, and died March 18, 1865. They had seven children, five of whom are living : Rebecca D., born May 24, 1852 ; Hiram, born July 31, 1855 ; Martha, born August 7, 1861 ; James C, born October 16, 1863. Was again married May 2, 1869, to Miss Elizabeth A. Daniels. She was born October 17, 1842, and is a native of Tennessee. They have six children ; Margaret E., born January 10, 1871 ; Pauline B.^born April 20, 1873, died October 29, 1874; Robert D., born March 31, 1875, died October 8, 1875 ; Sallie T., born September 9, 1877 ; Wm. H., born May 7, 1879; and Mary, born June 15, 1880. THOMAS M. HICKMAN, farmer, section 14, postoffice, DeKalb, was born February 19, 1806, and is a native of Mason County, Kentucky. When twenty-one years ot age, he came to Missouri, and remained near St. Louis for about eighteen months, working by the month. He then entered a tract of land, and improved the same, which he sold in 1836, and went to Clay County. In the spring of 1838, he settled in Buchanan County, Missouri, where he he has since resided. He entered and improved the land on which he now resides. His farm contains 140 acres. March 8, 1827, he was married to Miss Sallie Houser. She was born in Mason County, Ken- tucky, July, 1806, and died in September, 1837. They had five children, three now living : Susan, born July 28, 1828 ; John, born January, 28, 1830, and Alfred, born September 18, 1833. Mr. Hickman was again married December 19, 1838, to Miss Jane Wilson. She was born in Orange County, Indiana, April 13, 1820. Their family consists of Milton, born October 29, 1839 ; Mary E., October 20, 1841 : Elizabeth, February 20, 1844 ; James W., September 16, 1846 ; Nancy J., June 30, 1849 ! Francis M., March 21, 1850, and died March 9, 1874; Isabelle, September 24, 1855, and Sarah G., March 4, 1859. THOMAS HILL, farmer and stock dealer, section 4, postoffice DeKalb, was born April 21, 1826, and is a native of White County, Tennessee. He remained in his native county till fourteen years of age, when he came to Buchanan County, Missouri, where he has since resided except from the spring of 1865 till the fall of 1868, during which time he was engaged in freighting and mining in the mountains. With this exception he has followed farming from boyhood. He was in the Pawpaw Militia about three months. His farm contains 455 acres, which is all well improved and well supplied with stock. Mr. Hill was married July 30, 1846, to Miss Margaret Norris. She was born in Johnson County, Missouri, January BLOOMINGTON TOWNSHIP. IO33 8, 1832, and came to Buchanan County in 1839. They have nine chil- dren, William, born August 8, 1847 ; May E., born September 18, 1848; Lucy J., born February 23, 1850; John, born August 25, 1852; James R., born March i, 1856; Thomas J., born May 23, 1858; Alice, born August 18, 1864; Florence, born January i, 1869, and Robert E., born August 25, 1870. Mr; T. is a Mason and a member of Wellington Lodge, No. 22. AMOS HORN, farmer and stock raiser, section 20, postoffice DeKalb, was born in Lafayette County, Missouri, March 30, 1820. In 1838, he came to Buchanan County, Missouri. Has followed farming from boyhood,, and his landed estate now consists of 310 acres, all well improved. All he riow possesses has been obtained by his own labor, as he began for him- self when fifteen years of age. Was married, July 19, 1849, , to Miss Frances E. Ellison. She was born in Missouri in October, 1826. They have had eight children, three of whom are living : Sarah A., now Mrs. Brumley, James E., and Arminia. He is a member of Wellington Lodge No. 22, Masons. CAPTAIN P. A. JONES, farmer and teacher, section 21, postoffice DeKalb, is a native of Buchanan County, Missouri, and was born September 6, 1838. Was educated in the common schools of this county and at Pleasant Ridge College. Dur- ing life he has taught school for about twenty-three years. His landed estate consists of 204 acres. In 1861 he enlisted in the Union army serving in the State and Federal service till the close of the war, enter- ing as private and being mustered out as captain. Was married Feb- ruary 23, 1862, to Miss Sarah E. Garton. She was born in the same county as himself December 27, 1845. They have had nine children, seven of whom are living : Abraham L., born December 23, 1862 ; Samuel B., born May 15, 1865 ; Mary L., born August 13, 1867 ; Mattie M., born March 21, 1869 ; Wm. H., born August 30, 1872 ; Lillie B., born Qctober 10, 1875 ; Charley A., born October 3, 1877. Captain J. is a Mason and a member of Wellington Lodge No. 22. JOHN C. KELLER, Sen., farmer, section 30, postoffice Rushville, was born in Clark County, Indi- ana, December 14, 1829, and when two years of age his parents moved to Bartholomew County, Indiana, where he was raised and educated. In i860, he emigrated to Buchanan County, Missouri, where he has since resided. His landed estate consists of 254 acres. Was married. May 64 1034 BIOGRAPHICAL. 31, 185s, to Miss Clafinda Cox. She was born in Dearborn County, Indiana, October 18, 1834. They have eight children: Martin, born April 18, 1858; Myra, born December 30, 1859; James A., born Decem- ber 20, 1861; Mary J., born December 25, 1865; Sarah E., born July 24^ 1868; Martha, born September 4, 1870; Virtie E., born April 30, 1874; John C, Jr., born September 26, 1876. Mr. K.'s father, Martin, is of German descent, and was born in Ohio County, Virginia, in June, 1803, and died in Bartholomew County, Indiana, April 20, 1855. His mother, Polly (Robb), was born in Clay County, Indiana, February 28, 1806, and' now resides on his farm. Her grandchild, Mahala Thompson, was born September 10, 1864, and now makes her home with her. J. M. LAWRENCE, farmer and stock dealer, section 31, postofifice Rushville, was born in Clark County, Kentucky, September 14, 1819. His parents, John B. and Elizabeth Eve, were natives of Virginia. In the spring of 1855 J- M. moved to Missouri and located in Platte County till, the fall of 1855, when he came to Buchanan County, where he has since resided. He has followed farming and trading in stock from boyhood. His landed estate consists of 220 acres, all of which is the saving of his own labor- Was married September 13, 1846, to Miss E. Sewell. She was born in Clark County, Kentucky, December 29, 1822. They have seven chil- dren : Charity A., born June 6, 1847 ; Zachariah T., born June 6, 1849; Walter S., born April 25, 185 1 ; John S., born April 20, 1853; Wm. H., born July 10, 1855 ; Mary E., born February 6, 1858 ; and Milton S., July 23, 1864. Mr. and Mrs. L. are members of the Christian Church. Dr. JOHN W. MARTIN, physician and surgeon, DeKalb, was born October 30, 1816, and is a native of Bourbon County, Kentucky. He was raised in Lexington, where he was educated, and when about seventeen years of age he learned the bricklayers' trade and worked at it for about five years. When twenty-two years of age he began the study of medicine under Dr. Pinckard, of Lexington, Kentucky, and afterwards attended the lec- tures of the Transylvania University of Lexington, graduating in March,- 1840. He then began his practice in Fayette County, which he pursued till 1854, when he moved to DeKalb, Buchanan County, Missouri. Here he has since been engaged in the practice of his profession. He was married August 20, 1846, to Miss Elizabeth Hart. She was born July 22, 1829, and is a native of Fayette County, Kentucky. They have had fourteen children, seven of whom are living : Nannie, Kittie, Bettie, John W., Christopher II., Mollie, and James D. Christopher H., M. D., was born in Buchanan County, Missouri, November 22, 1854. He was BLOOMINGTON TOWNSHIP. IO35 ■ raised in his native county, and was here educated. In February, 1874, he began the study of medicine with his father, and in the spring of 1877 graduated in the medical department of the University of Louis- ville, Kentucky. Since that time he has been engaged in the practice of his profession with his father. He was married June 17, 1878. to Miss Bettie Wallingford. She was born in Buchanan County, Missouri, September 17, 1861. They have two children, William and Thomas. W. S. MARTIN, farmer, section 35, postoffice DeKalb, was born in DeKalb, Buchanan County, Missouri, February 16, 1848, and has always made his home in his native county. His father, John S., being a miller, the son was also raised in that industry. Since eighteen years of age he has made farm- ing his principal occupation. His farm contains 130 acres. Was mar- ried December 16, 1875, to Miss Louisa J. Hyde. She was born in Buchanan County, Missouri, January 14, 1852, and was raised in her native county, and educated in the Young Ladies' Institute, of St. Joseph. They have two children : Charley, born May 26, 1878, and Harry, born March 13, 1880. Mr. M.'s father was a native of Virginia, and his mother of Ohio. JAMES W. MITCHELL, farmer, section 25, postoffice DeKalb, was born in Fairfax County, Vir- ginia, April 20, 1833, and was raised on a farm in his native county. In 1853, he came to Buchanan County, Missouri, and in 1856 moved to Atchison County, Kansas, where he remained about three years. Then went to Colorado, where he was engaged in mining till 1862, when he returned to Buchanan County, Missouri. His farm contains 106 acres. Was married, January 28, 1858, to Miss Sarah J. Bryant. She was born in Buchanan County, Missouri, October 29, 1839. They have had nine children, seven of whom are living: Robert H., born March 11, 1859; Hugh B., born September 13, 1861; Anna L., born December 13, 1865; Elizabeth M., born November 18, 1867; Francis D., born January 18, 1870; Rose E., born September 7, 1872; Mary F., born November 22, 1874. Mr. M. is a member of the Christian Church, and his wife wor- ships with the Baptist denomination. BENJAMIN PEEL, farhier, section 29, postoffice DeKalb, was born in Lincolnshire, England, April 17, 1839, ^"d when about twelve years of age, his parents, John and Ann (Cook), emigrated to America, landing at New York. They shortly located at Lansing, Michigan, where Benjamin grew to man- 1036 BIOGRAPHICAL. hood. In February, i860, he left his home and went to Denver, Colorado, and was engaged in mining in different parts of the mountains, till 1862 when he went to Montana, and began dealing in stock, and running a meat market in Banneck, till 1866, then moved to his present location. He now owns one of the finest farms in Bloomington Township, con- taining 320 acres, well improved, fine orchard, and an abundance of stock. November 6, 1867, he married Miss Lucy Brown. She was born in Buchanan County, Missouri, January 8, 1847. They have four children : Margaret A., born September 20, 1868 ; John W., born May 7, 1871; Edward E., born May 18, 1873, and Charles E., born October 20, 1879. Mr. P. is a Mason, and a member of Wellington Lodge No. 22. HAMBURY PYLES, farmer, section 11, postoffice DeKalb, was born in Mason County, Ken- tucky, March 3, 18 18, and in 1846, he moved to Platte County, Mis- souri. In 1858 he came upon his present location. Has followed farm- ing from boyhood, and his landed estate consists of 270 acres. He was married November 13, 1845, to Miss Jane Dye. She was born in the same county as himself, May 26, 1824. They have ten children, all liv- ing: Mary L., born November 14, 1846; John M., born May 10, 1848; Margaret G., born April 10, 1850 ; Parthenia P., born December 18, 185 t ; Sarah A., born August 12, 1855 ; Thomas, born June 27, 1857; William, born April 23, 1859; Elenora, born August 9, 1861 ; James S., born October 22, 1863 ; Nannie C, born March 5, 1866. PRESTON RAMSEY, M. D., DeKalb, was born May 15, 1833, and is a native of Clark County, Ken- tucky. He was raised and educated in this county, and when eighteen years of age began the study of medicine under Dr. James Hood, of Winchester, Kentucky, and graduated in the University of Louisville, Kentucky, in the spring of 1857. He then pursued his practice in Clark County about two years, when he went to Philadelphia, and remained six months. While there he attended the Philadelphia Medical School, and, at the same time, visited all the principal hospitals of the city. He then returned to Clark County, Kentucky, where he continued his prac- tice till the spring of 1867, when he moved to DeKalb, where he now resides. His residence denotes comfort and prosperity. Miss Mary E. Merrit became his wife, March 15, i860. She was born in Philadelphia December 18, 1841, and died May 5, 1874. They had seven children, five now living : Fanny F., born June 29, 1862 ; John M., August 2, 1864; Lenora, October 29, 1865 ; Mary E., April 8, 1868, and James S., April 30, 1872. He is an Odd Fellow, of DeKalb Lodge No. 191. BLOOMINGTON TOWNSHIP. IO37 JUDGE CORNELIUS ROBERTS, farmer, section i, postoffice DeKalb, was born in Green County, Ken- tucky, November 22, 1809, and was educated in log school houses in which were split benches. October 28, 1828, he was married to Miss Lucinda Thompson. She was born in Edmondson County, Kentucky, August 20, 1812, and was a daughter of a widow. When about twelve years of age they moved to Green County, Kentucky, where she was married. In the fall of 1836 Mr. and Mrs R. moved to Missouri and located in Jackson County, and in the following spring came to Buchanan County and located on the farm where he now resides. His farm con- tains over 289 acres, all of which was a wilderness when he came here. Mr. R. has been an honorable, upright man and one respected by all who know him. He has been in public office in the county from fourteen to sixteen years, an account of which can be seen elsewhere in our history. He had a family of twelve children : Jesse T., born October II, 1829 ; James E., born October 28, 1832, died June 25, 1862 ; Mary A., born December 19, 1834, died August 29, 1847 ; Wm, T., born Feb- ruary 19, 1837, died May 4, 1881 ; one infant ; Richard M., born October 20, 1840, died July 7, i860; Elizabeth, born June 15, 1843, died March 30, 1845 ; Susan S., born April 26, 1846, died September S, 1S47 ; Cor- nelius J., born July 27, 1847 ; Francis M., born August 3, 1850 ; Eliza J., born May 28, 1852; and Lucinda L., born August 25, 1868- Mr. and Mrs. R. are members of the Christian Church. Mr. R. is also a Mason and belongs to Wellington Lodge No. 22. JAMES SAMPSON, farmer and proprietor of saw-mill. Has always been a citizen of Buchanan County, Missouri, where he was born, October S, 1839. His father, John, who was a native of Kentucky, and his mother Annie (Kaze), a native of Pennsylvania, came to this county in the fall of 1837. His father being principally engaged in a saw and grist-mill, James has also followed that vocation more or less during life. His landed estate consists of 316 acres, having the best of improvements, his house and. barn being above the average of the county. His orchard is fine and quite large. April 12, i860, Mr. S. was married to Miss Mary Meers. She was born in this county March 7, 1844. They have had elevefi children, eight now living : Mary J., born March 8, 1862 ; Martha F., born February 9, 1867; James, born February 28, 1869; Eliza, born October 8, 1872 ; Sula, born January 26, 1874 ; John, born May 15, 1876; Willie, born September 21, 1878 ; Jeffie, born July 5, 1880. 1038 BIOGRAPHICAL. JOHN H. SPRATT, farmer and stock raiser, section 36, postoffice DeKalb, was born Sep- tember 29, 1 8 14, and is a native of Wythe County, Tennessee. When ten years of age,- with his parents, he moved to Green County, Kentucky, where he was raised on- a farm, Which occupation he has followed during life. In the spring of 1875, he came to Buchanan County, Missouri. Was married, January 22, 1878, to Mrs. Elizabeth V. Spratt. Her maiden name was Spencer, and she was born in Kentucky, November 4, 1836. When six months old her parents moved to Missouri, locating in Buchanan County. She was married, February 10, 1856, to James B. Spratt, a brother of her present husband, and he was born in the same county, September 26, 18 16, and also went to Kentucky at the same time as J. H. In 1837, he came to Missouri, and remained till 1840, when he returned to Kentucky. In 1850 he came to Missouri, and located in Buchanan County, where he remained until the time of his demise, Feb- ruary 3, 1875. His death was caused by a shot received from a revolver fired by Frank Brown, who is now in the state's prison for the remainder of his natural life. J. B. Spratt followed farming from boyhood and had a farm of 320 acres, conveniently located and moderately improved. He had a family of nine children, all of whom are living: John M., born November 14, 1856; Eugene H., born August 17, 1858; Mary H., born May 16, i860; Isadore B., born August 7, 1862; William C, born Octo- ber 29, 1864; Booth, born April 9, 1866; Nannie A., born August 8, 1869; Lula N., born January 12, 1871; Jimmie E., born March 5, 1875. WILLIAM T. STEELE, farmer and stock dealer, section 8, postoffice DeKalb. The subject of this sketch first saw the light in Madison County, Kentucky, July 18, 1828. His father was a merchant of Richmond, and in 1840 they moved to Missouri and located in Platte County. In 1856 he moved to Noda- way County, where he remained six years and then went to Andrew County, and in the spring of 1866 he moved to Buchanan County. He was educated in the common schools and also attended Beth- any College and the Academy of Cincinnati, each for two years. His farm consists of 380 acres of land, which is well improved and con- veniently located, having an orchard of about 800 bearing apple trees and other fruits. Mr. S. was married April 17, 1853, to Miss Elizabeth Dooley. She was born in Park County, Indiana, December 11, 1835, and died March 16, 1867. They had four children, John, born February 15, 1854; Sarah, born July 27, 1856; Clara, born December 23, 1858, and Oliver, born October 21, 1862. Miss Julia Dooley, a sister of his first wife, became his second wife, December 18, 1867. She was bor" in Park BLOOMINGTON TOWNSHIP. IO39 County, Indiana, February 4, 1838. They have three children, Silas, born October 4, 1868 ; Elizabeth, born September 30, 1874, and William T., born June 14, 1876. BENJAMIN STEWART, farmer, section 30, postoffice RushviUe, was born May 25, 1816, and is a native of Green County, Kentucky. When about sixteen years of age, his father moved to Washington County, Indiana. His parents, Samuel S. and Mary (Howard), were natives of Virginia. His mother died in Kentucky, and his father in Indiana. In the spring of 1841, Benjamin came to Missouri, and located in Platte County, at Weston, where he remained three years, atid then came to Buchanan County. Here he has sin^ce resided, except eight years, when he lived in Platte County. While in Indiana, he worked more or less at the carpenter trade, and, to some extent, after coming to Missouri. His farm contains one hun- dred and sixty-one acres. He makes a specialty iVi raising fruit, most of which he makes into brandy, having a small distillery located on" his farm. He was married July 7, 1842, to Miss Martha Cox. She was born in Jackson County, Indiana, September 22, 182 1. They have had seven children, three of whom are living: Mary E., born January 31, 1845 ; Ida, born January 29, 1855.; Benjamin, born July 3, i860. JOHN UNDERWOOD, farmer and stock raiser, section 22, postofiSce DeKalb, is a native of New York and was born in Chatham County, September 25, 1813. When about three years of age his parents moved to Orange County, Indiana. In 1828 he went to Fountain County, and in the fall of 1832 to Will County, Illinois. In the spring of 1838 he came to Buchanan County, Missouri. His father died while in Orange County, Indiana, since which time John principally cared for himself Has followed farm- ing from boyhood and came to Buchanan County with a very small amount of means ; entered the land on which he now resides and remained on same till the spring of 1853 when he. went to California and there remained till the spring of 1856, when he returned to Buchanan County. He purchased the adjoining farm and in a few years his old farm, and then moved and has since resided at his present location. His farms contain, 230 acres all well watered and improved land. Miss Betsie A. Dicken became his wife April 12, i860. She was born in •Green County, Kentucky, April 12, 1832. They have had four children, three now living : John A., born March 28, 1862 ; Annetta, born May 6, 1863 ,; Mary E., born December 26, 1864. 1040 BIOGRAPHICAL. W. H. WARREN, teamster, DeKalb, was born in Putnam County, New York, October 9, 1841, and in 1855 his parents moved to La Salle County, Illinois. He was educated in the common schools. His father was a miller, and he was also brought up in the same occupation. In 1861, he enlisted in the Federal service in Company I, Fourth Illinois Cavalry. Previous to this he had served three months in Mulligan's Brigade, and at that time was taken prisoner at Lexington, Missouri, but was released in a few days. He served in Company I till the close of the war, and partici- pated in all the battles in which his company took part. During the time he was in service he was not off duty one day. After the close of the war he returned to Illinois, and from there went to Indiana, where he was engaged in railroading till 1871, when he came to Buchanan County, Missouri. Was married July 4, 1867, to Miss Eliza Long. She was born in Ashland County, Ohio, March 27, 1844. They have had five children: Eugene, born September 16, 1870; William H., born Jan- uary 17, 1872; Mary, born January 19, 1877; Maggie, born April 26, 1879. SAMUEL G. WEST, DeKalb, was born in Montgomery County, Kentucky, October 27, 1836, and in 1843 his parents moved to Buchanan County, Missouri. He was raised on a farm and educated in the common schools. In 1861 he enlisted in the Federal service in Company D, Twenty-fifth Missouri Infantry, remaining with this company eighteen months. He partici- pated in a number of prominent battles and returned to Buchanan County. He re-enlisted in the militia and served till the close of the war. In 1866 he engaged in the saloon business. He was married April 17, 1 88 1, to Miss Polana Chitwood. She was born in Buchanan County Missouri, September 20, 1854. Mr. West is a Mason, and a member of Wellington Lodge No. 22, and a member of DeKalb Lodge No. 191, I. O. O. F. JASPER WILSON, farmer, section 14, postoffice DeKalb. His father, James, was a native of North Carolina, and was one of the early pioneers of this county, and was murdered at the beginning of the war in 1861. His mother, Priscilla (Moore), was a native of Tennessee. Jasper was born in Orange County, Indiana, April 8, 1822, and when thirteen years of age' his parents moved to Will County, Illinois, and in the fall of 1837 moved to Buchanan County, Missouri, where he has since resided. He was raised on a farm, and has followed that vocation during life. His farms contain 290 acres, being located in different sections. His home farm BLOOMINGTON TOWNSHIP. IO41 contains 160 acres, and moderately improved. He served in the State Militia about three years, and under the old law was commissioned lieutenant, which position he held for several years. He was married August 10, 1843, to Miss Mary Garton. She was born in Decatur County, Indiana, May 10, 1824. They have had sik children, four now living: Mary J., born February i2o, 1846; John W., born April 19, 1849; James M., born December 29, 1837 ! Martha E., born August 23, 1867. JOHN YAGER, farmer, section 4, postoffice Halls, was born in Williamsburg, New York, now East Brooklyn, August 13, 1832. He was educated in the German schools of his native city, and also attended the English school a short time. When fifteen years of age, he learned the baker's trade, which he followed four years. From this date till the time of his marriage, he was engaged at various pursuits, in different states, employed by different railroad companies, operating in stone quarries, etc. During this time, he learned the stone cutter's trade, and while at Mount Pleasant, Henry County, Iowa, was married August 5, 1855, to Miss Nellie Melcher. She was born in Germany, December 20, 1833, and came to America about 1853. After residing in different parts of Iowa and Missouri, Mr. Y. moved to DeKalb, Buchanan County, Missouri, and settled on his pres- ent location in i860. He resided in DeKalb four years, and then rented a farm about three years. He now owns a farm of 1 5 5 acres, which is well improved, and has sixteen acres of orchard, also about two acres of vineyard, and from which he manufactures first class wine. He has a family of seven children; Emily, born June 14, 1856; Daniel, born November 27, 1858; Francis L., born April 7, 1861; John, born May 6, 1863; Charley, born March 10, 1869'; Mary, born March 6, 1872; and Edward, born July 4, 1876. CRAWFORD TOWNSHIP. B. F. BAKER, farmer and miller, sections 5 and 6, postoffice Halleck, was born in Buchanan County, Missouri, August 12, 1846, and received a good, com- mon school education. He was married April 5, 1874, to Miss Maggie Robinson, a native of Missouri, born May 13, i8S7- They had four chil- dren : Beulah, born September 25, 1875; Verna, born April 3, 1877; Viola, born September 3, 1878; James, born July 3, 1880; all living. Mr. Brown owns 190 acres of land, all under fence and in a good state of ■cultivation. He devotes most of his time to the milling business at Hal- leck. He is a Mason and a member of the I. O. O. F. Has made all he possesses since the war. JAMES D. BARBEE, farmer, section i28, postoffice Wallace, is a native of Kentucky, and was born January ,2, 1827. He_wras reared upon a farm, and received a good common English education. He emigrated to Missouri in 1848, locat-. ing in Platte County, where he engaged in farming ; came to Buchanan County in 1865. He was married in January, 1852, to Miss Amanda Miller, also a native of Kentucky. She was born June 14, 1834. They have had eleven children, John, MoUie, Eliza, Emma, Kate, Lou, James, Effie, Agnes, Myra, and Hattie. The two oldest are dead. Mr. B. served in the Confederate army for four years in Company I, First Mis- souri Cavalry. He was wounded in the head slightly at Blakely, Ala- bama, and was taken prisoner at Vicksburg and Blakely, but was paroled and exchanged. He is a Mason and a member of the Mission- ary Baptist Church. He has seventy-seven acres of land which was given him by his father-in-law. It is all under fence, in a good state of cultivation, with a good house and barn and a fine orchard. JONATHAN BOLLER, farmer and teamster, Toas, postoffice Halleck, was born in Ohio, March 27, 1830, and had a fair education. Owns a house and lot in Toas and two and one-quarter acres of land adjoining the city. Was married, September 11, 1855, to Miss Mary M. Boiler. She was born September CRAWFORD TOWNSHIP. 1043 7. 1837. They have had seven children: Permelia A., born February 19, 1857; Joseph L., born August 17, 1859, died August 25, 1859; Phoebe E., horh October 15, i860; Edix M., born August 12, 1862; Lilly M., born February 18, 1864, died March 2, i88p; James L. and Jesse L., born March 3, 1866. The subject of this sketch is engaged in farming in summer and teaming in winter. He is an industrious man and enjoys the respect of his fellow citizens. JOHN P. BRYAN, farmer and stock dealer, section 20, postoffice, Wallace. Was born in Boyle County, Kentucky, June 14, 1842, and raised upon a farm. His father emigrated to Buchanan County, Missouri, in 1845. Mr. Bryan is a quiet, unsophisticated bachelor. He has 160 acres of land, which he inherited from his father's estate. The land is all under fence and in a good state of cultivation, with four acres of orchard. His mother, Eliza Bryan, was born in Spottsylvania County, Virginia, near Spottsylvania Court House, December 25, 1801. She had five children, but only two are living. She has been twice married ; first, to Jesse Burton, a native of Kentucky. He died in 1831. Ten years afterwards she married James P. Bryan, who was born in Kentucky in 1805. He was a graduate of Centre College, at Danville, Kentucky, and was an excellent scholar. He was also a Mason. D. W. CLOUSER, farmer, sections 8, 9 and 10, postoffice Halleck ; was born in Ross County, Ohio, September 4, 1830. His opportunities of education were very lim- ited. Was raised on a farm ; also worked in a grist and saw mill. His parents emigrated to Missouri in 1847, and located in Buchanan County. He was married to Miss Elsa Noble in 1850. She was born in Indiana, June 19, 1830. They had three children: Ruth A., born March 26, 1853; George P., born July 23, 1855; David A., born April 14, 1857. His wife died June 23, 1861, and he was again married, October 9, 1865, to Miss Rebecca L. Crow. She was born in Kentucky, December 4, 1841. The result of this union was seven children: Charles W., born October 16, 1866; Hugh C, born March 6, 1868; Carrie A., born September 14, 1870; James A., born September 6, 1872; Iva L., born April 27, 1878; Ada D., born July 28, 1880, and one child who died in infancy. By hard labor and economy Mr. C. has secured 310 acres of, land, all under fence, and in a good state of cultivation, with ten acres of fine orchard. He is a justice of the peace, school director and township clerk; is a Royal Arch Mason a member of Tabernacle Chapter No. 54; is also an Odd Fellow and a member of the Christian Church, in which he is an elder. In 1850, seven hundred Pottawatomie Indians camped on his place. He I044 BIOGRAPHICAL. fed them and traded with them during this time. His father, Daniel Clouser, resides with him. He was born in Ohio, October 14, 1799. He learned the blacksmith trade when youftg, but was compelled to aban- don it on account of his eyes, after which he followed farming and mill- ing. He married Catharine Roten, May 11, 1829. She was born in Ohio, February 20, 1803. They had five children, two boys and three girls. Father Clouser 'was a pea vine traniper in Ohio, and had many narrow escapes. His wife died February 15, 1881, after having been sick for thirty years. PRICILLA COGDILL, section 5, postoffice Halleck, widow of Jacob Cogdill, was born in Ken- tucky, February 4, 1826. Her parents moved to Missouri during the the same fall. She married William Baker in February, 1842. He was born in Tennessee. They had three children ; Missouri A., born March I, 1843 ; William H., born September 3, 1845 ; Martha J., born Septem- 7, 1848. Mr. Baker died November 15, 1848. His widow, the subject of this sketch, married Jacob Cogdill, December i, 1850. He was born in Tennessee, January 3, 1795. By this union they had seven children : Maggie, born February 13, 1852, died February, 1880; Ross, born April 20, 1854 ; Mary E., born May 3, 1856 ; Martin D., born March 26, 1858 ; Lucinda P., born March 22, 1864, died June, 1869; Daniel B., born March 8, 1866 ; Richard M., born October ?S, 1868. Mrs. C. has 320 acres of land, all under fence, with four acres of orchard. Mr. Cogdill died January 21, 1879. He was in the war twelve months, and drew pension on account of services rendered, and the widow, since his demise, draws eight dollars per month. W. H. CREWS, wagon maker, postoffice Halleck. Was born in Glasgow, Barren County, Kentucky, October 15, 1847, where he received a good education. He learned his trade and followed it in Kentucky. In 1864 he emigrated to Missouri. Since then he has been engaged in the insurance business and wagon making. He was married July 4, 1876, to Miss Parthena F. Pyles. She was born in Missouri, January 18, 1853. They have been blessed with two fine children — Jane N., born June 24, 1877, and Nannie, born April 25, 1880. He is a member of the Methodist Church, South. Was road overseer, taught school one year. He was in the Confederate army, serving in the Third Kentucky Regiment, cavalry, under John Morgan. He was wounded in the right hand, losing his first finger. He was also shot in the leg and side. Has a house and lot, blacksmith and wagon maker's outfit and carries on both branches. His father was broken up by the war. CRAWFORD TOWNSHIP. IO45 J. H. DAVIS, farmer, section 6, postoffice DeKalb, was born in Montgomery County, Kentucky, August 13, 1821. His school advantages were ordinary. August 13, 1850, he married Lucinda White. She was born in Mont- gomery County, Kentucky, June 4, 1823. They have had four children, Mary Ann, born August 25, 1853 ; Samuel G., born December 4, 1856 ; he died October 5, 1858 ; James W., born January 5, i860, died May S, 3862, and one child who died in infancy. He emigrated to Missouri November, 1851, locating in Crawford Township in March, 1852. By his own industry and economy he has secured 233 acres of land, all of -which is under fence, and in a good state of cultivation. He has a good house and barn and three acres of orchard in fine, thrifty condition. He •was captain of Company K, Twenty-fifth Enrolled Missouri Militia, then reorganized and served in the Eighty-first Pawpaw Militia, receiving full pay for himself and all his men. Captain Davis recruited more men than any other man in the county for the Federal service and State Militia. Serving the government about four years, from first to last, his was the first company sworn in and about the last discharged. He is a Master Mason and member of Wellington Lodge, No. 22. He is also a member of the Christian Church, and has donated toward building churches and school houses. His meritorious wife is a member of the Masonic organization known as Eastern Star, and also the Christian Church. Their surroundings denote peace, plenty, and true happiness. W. L. DAVIDSON, carpenter, postoffice Halleck, was born in Buchanan County Missouri, January 14, 1845. He received a fair education, was raised on a farm, and worked under a carpenter for two years. He then carried on busi- ness for himself, and has since been very successful in all his operations. He owns sixty acres of land partly fenced, good house and orchard. He is an Odd Fellow and Encampment member of the order. He bears the character of a liberal and charitably disposed citizen. W. A. DEATHERAGE, farmer, section 5, postoffice Halleck, was born in North Carolina, July 13, 1848 and raised on a farm. His early opportunities for acquiring an education were very limited. His parents emigrated to Virginia in 1854 remaining one year ; thence they came to Missouri, locating in Buchan- an County. He married April 4, 1872, Miss Mary E. Cogdill. She was born in Missouri May 3, 1856. They have had four children : Margaret A., born December 3, 1872 ; Eliza B., born November 10, 1877, and two -children who died in infancy. He lives on a farm of 140 acres of laVid, 1046 BIOGRAPHICAL. the property of his wife. It is all under fence and in good state of culti- vation, with good house. Mr. D. has been successful and prosperous in life. MRS. FRANCISCA FERGUSON, the pioneer school teacher of Crawford township, was a sister of Colum- bus Roundtree. She was born December 5, 1^06, in Barren County, Kentucky. She was educated at Glasgow, Kentucky, and was. graduated at Glasgow College. She was married to Mr. Ferguson and had four children. After her husband's death she taught school on the southwest corner of section 16, in a log school house with puncheon floor. One log was cut out of the side wall and paper inserted, stuck full of pin holes, to admit the light. The house was sixteen feet square. It was built in March, 1839. Here she taught three or four years, her compensation being fifty cents per scholar, per term of six months. She took stock- ings, flannel, &c., in pay for services. In one instance she received two little shoats from James Curl, as very little money was in circulation those days. She taught several for nothing. Dr. Silas McDonald, Wash Taylor, James Curl, Singleton Asher, Robert Taylor, J. J. Penick; Wal- lace Davidson and Columbus Roundtree built the school house. It was provided with an old-fashioned stick chimney about six feet wide. During school she used suspended on the door a paddle marked "in" on one side and " out " on the other. Her labors of love and usefulness were terminated by death September 9th, 1846. Mrs. Ferguson was undoubtedly the first person who ever taught a school in the township. S. C. FLEMING, miller, postoffice Halleck, was born in East Tennessee. His education was fair. He was reared on a farm. He married August 13, 1854, Miss Adaline Stokes, also native of Tennessee. She died January 5, 1859. In 1864 he married Miss Mary Stone, a native of Tennessee. She was born March 15, 1838. They had four children : Minerva, born March 5, 1865; Mary E., born August 6, 1871; Edney T., born October 18, 1872 ; Emma, born July 20, 1877. They emigrated to Missouri in i860, locating at Halleck. Mr. Fleming farmed for six years. He then engaged in milling, in which business he has continued up to the present (1881). He has seven acres of land all in orchard, and is now building a fine residence. HENRY G. FOSTER, blacksmith and wagon maker, postoffice Halleck, was born in West Vir- ginia, February 17, 1836. His school advantages were limited. Emi- grating to Missouri in 1852, he located in Buchanan County. Here he CRAWFORD TOWNSHIP. IO47 married Miss Elizabeth Hampton, June 23, 1863. She was born in Ken- tucky, March 20, 1848. By this marriage he has had five children: Sarah E., born July i, 1866; Idona, born January i8, 1869; Clella, born September 18, 1873; James H., born December 26, 1877; Gertie, born March 26, 1879. M*"- Foster was raised on a farm, and learned his trade after becoming twenty-one years of age. He is an Odd Fellow, and owns houses and lots in Halleck, where he conducts a general repair and job shop, and is doing an excellent business. W. D. & J. H. HAMPTON, dry goods, groceries, notions, tinware, hardware, etc., postofifiice Halleck, established business November 24, 1880, have been doing a very satis- factory business. They are both natives of Kentucky, emigrated to Mis- souri in 1,861, and were raised in Halleck. Their education is moderate. W. D. is a member of the Christian Church. He carried mail from 1870 to 1874 from Halleck to Rushville, then learned telegraphing, following it for a -livelihood until 1877. Then commenced clerking for P. W. Noland, remaining with him up to 1880, at which time he branched out in business for himself He has been successful, and is contented with his lot in life. JOHN HICKMAN, Sr., farmer, section 7, postoffice DeKalb, was born in St. Louis County, Mis- souri, January 28, 1830, and raised on a farm. His school privileges were very limited. In 1837 his parents moved to Buchanan County, Missouri, March 10, 1853 he married Miss Letitia J. Frakes, a native of Missouri. She was born June 28,' 1838, and had eight children.: Sidney A., born March 12 1855 ; Thomas J., born May 29, 1856 j Richard G., born May 15, 1858 ; John M., born January 22, i860 ; Lucinda F., born December II, 1861 ; Mary E., born May 15, 1863 ; Lillie M., born May 7, 1865 ; Mattie S,, born February 25, 1877. By his own labor he has acquired 250 acres of land including- thirty-three acres that came with his wife. This land is all under fence, andin good state of cultivation. He has on it an excellent residence and granary. There are two good orchards on the place. Mr. Hickman has. donated liberally toward the building of churches and school houses in this section of country. One of the earli- est settlers of this country and a man of excellent memory, Mr. Hick- man is an entertaining companion, and speaks familiarly of the days when the Indians made themselves at home in this county, often helping themselves in the smoke houses of the white- settlers with whom, how- ever, they were, generally, on good terms. 1048 BIOGRAPHICAL. B. F. HIGDON, farmer, section 28, postbffice Wallace, was born in Ohio, September 9, 1827. He received a good educatioii, and followed teaching school for some time, then learned the carpenter trade, after which he engaged in the grocery business, continuing for four years. He then read law, and, in due time, was admitted to the bar, and practiced sixteen years. He married, in 1848, Miss Minnie J. Demarree, a native of Indiana, by whom he had three children : Eaber, Lewis F., Anna E. Of these, two sur- vive. His wife died in 1856. In 1857, he was married to Nancy Ash- craft, by whom he had one child, Evan. They separated in i860. He was divorced from her on account of desertion. He then, in 1862, mar- ried Elizabeth Andrews, a native of Missouri. They had one child, Mary E. This wife died in 1872. September 16, 1876, he married Mrs. Mahala Cox, with whom he has lived happily, and is well satisfied with his condition in life. He is a member of the Methodist Episcopal Church. He served one year, during the civil war, in Company I, Twenty-fifth Illinois Regiment. He then came home, and recruited a company in the Missouri State Militia, under Colonel Denny. He commanded this company, serving one year. Had three horses shot under him, but he received no wounds. His wife was born in Todd County, Kentucky, February 20, 18 16. She was raised on a farm. Her education was very limited. She was first married to Guilford Montray, January 5, 1836. He was a native of Kentucky, born November 17, 1814. By this mar- riage they had seven children : John W., born April 22, 1837 : William R., born March 23, 1839, died May 18, 1867 ; George M., born December 20, 1840; Louisa E., born October 23, 1842, died January 14, 1874; Angeline, born August 28, 1844; Meret Y., born September 11, 1846, died January 20, 1854 ; Mary B., born November 28, 1848. Her husband died February 21, 1852. She then married Jacob B. Cox, July 11, 1852. From this union were born two children : Jacob* A., born March 4, 1853, being the day Franklin Pierce was inaugurated President of the United States ; and Mahala A., born July 15, 1855. She was divorced from Jacob B. Cox., on account of poligamy. She then, in 1869, married Hugh Mathews, a native of Iowa. Iniess than one year she discovered that he had a wife in Iowa, and she discarded him. September 16, 1876, she married B. F. Higdon, with whom she has since continued to live very happily. She has a lifetime dower in fifty-six acres of land, which is well improved, and in good state of cultivation, and provided with a good house and barn. She is a member of the Cumberland Presbyterian Church. LEVI J. JUDAH, farmer, section 18, postoffice DeKalb, was born in Indiana, January 15, 1825. He had poor school advantages, never attending twelve months in CRAWFORD TOWNSHIP. IO49 his life. In 1839 his father emigrated to Missouri and located in Buchanan County, where he has resided ever since. He married November i, i862, Mrs. Elizabeth Kirby, a native of Indiana. She had four children, Samuel, born June 30, 1863 ; Martha M., born September II, 1864; Eli F., born February 18, 1866; he died in 1873; Emma, born* March 31, 1868. Mr. Judah served in the Kansas Militia. He is a member of the Christian Church, and has donated liberally toward building churches and school houses. He- has 380 acres of land, all under fence, and in a fair state of cultivation. He also owns a good house and barn, and a fine fifteen-acre orchard, producing some of the finest fruit sold on the market. His land is well watered. JOHN T. JUDY, farmer and stock dealer, section 32, postoffice Wallace, is a native of Kentucky; was born June 23, 1831. Was raised in his native state and enjoyed very limited educational advantages. Emigrated to Missouri in 1853, locating in Clay County. In February, 1851, he married Miss Mary Jane Foster, a native of Kentucky, born in 1830. By this mar- riage he had eight children, Thomas, Laura, Alexander, Susan, Henry, Eddie, MoUie and Cora, all of whom are living but two. He is a Master Mason and a member of the I. O. O. F. By his own industry he has acquired 160 acres of land, all under fence, in good state of cultivation, and well improved. Has never regretted moving to Missouri, where he has enjoyed uniform success in all his business relations and transac- tions. P. L. MARTIN, farmer, section 19, postoffice Wallace, was born in Tennessee, October 28, 1841. In 1842, his parents moved to Missouri, and located in Platte County. Was raised on a farm and had no schooling. Was married, in 1861, to Elizabeth Barnes, a native of Missouri. They have had six children, Mary A.. Jacob, Fannie, Reuben, Bettie and an infant not named. He resides on Martin Spencer's land. Is a member of the Christian Church, and a man of liberal disposition, contributing freely to the maintenance of churches and the Christian Orphan Home. He has always helped the needy and been the poor man's friend. JAMES MEEK, farmer, section 33, postoffice Wallace, is a native of Indiana, born in Jennings County, December 7, 1820. He was raised r.n a farm, and received no education. He emigrated to Missouri in 1841, and was mar- ried in 1843 to Miss Cynthia Boyl, a native of Ohio. By this marriage I050 . BIOGRAPHICAL. he has had sixteen children, two of whom are dead. He has eighty- acres of land, all under fence, and well improved, with good house and barn. He lost considerably by the late war, his damages amounting to sixteen hundred dollars. He served in the State Guards Confederate service three months, and, was in the Pea Ridge battle. He takes a lively interest in the improvement of different breeds of live stock. JOHN MURPHY, farmer, section i8, postoffice Halleck, was born in Kentucky February 9, 1849, and came to Missouri in the fall of 1849 with his parents. His educational advantages were very poor. He married, January 18, 1872, Miss Annie J. Willis, a native of Missouri. They have had three chil- dren : William, born April 20, 1874 (died July 6, 1874); Charles, born March 7, 1876, and Otho, born January 7, 1878. He has secured 154 acres of land, acquired principally by his own efforts. He has a good house and barn, and his land is in a good state of cultivation. From 1874 to 1878 Mr. Murphy was engaged in general merchandise at Hal- leck doing a successful business. He has been a friend to popular advancement, aiding liberally in the establishment of churches and school houses. The subject of the above sketch is young and ambitious and if misfortune does not overtake him, will make his mark, ranking among the most prosperous farmers of his township and county. PERRY W. NOLAND, postoffice Halleck, dealer in dry goods, groceries, hardware, agricul- tural implements, queensware, notions, clothing, boots and shoes, hats, caps, &c., &c. Was born in Buchanan County, Missouri, Novem- ber 22, 1847 ; had fair education ; was raised on a farm until sixteen years old, then engaged in clerking, which he followed up to 1870, when he engaged in business on his own responsibility, under the firm name of Noland, Robinson & Willis, doing a successful business. In 1878 he purchased the interest of both his partners, since which time he has been operating alone. He owns a store house 22x50, two stories high, the upper part of which is occupied by Masonic and Odd Fellow lodges. He married Miss Mary Murphy April 7, 1867. She was born in, Buchanan County, Missouri, September i, 1851. By this marriage he has had two children, Walter, born January 4, 1877, (he died September 19, 1878), and Egbert, born November 11, 1873. He is a Master Mason, and has been a member of the Christian Church since 1859, ^^'^ 's now a deacon in the same. He has also been constable, and is now justice of the peace. He served in the Pawpaw militia. Has been postmaster for six years. He also owns a cooper shop. CRAWFORD TOWNSHIP. lOS I CAPT. JOHN T. RILEY, school teacher, postoffice St. Joseph, is a native of Missouri, was born in Clay County February i6, 1830, and raised on a farm. In early life he received a good common school education, and was afterwards gradu- ated- at Bethany College, West Virginia, in the year 1856. He read law under Hon. Thomas E. Turney, of Clinton County, and was admitted to the bar in 1858. He practiced in Maryville, Missouri, until 1861. On the breaking out of the civil war he first joined the Missouri State Guards under Colonel Slayback, serving three months. January, 1862, he enlisted in the regular Confederate service, Company H, First Mis- souri Cavalry, and remained until the close of the war. Was taken prisoner twice, confined at Camp Morton, Fort Delaware, Point Lookout, and Elmyra, New York. Principle and love of country caused him to enlist. After the war he remained in Mississippi and married Miss Lucy A. Small, a native of Alabama, August 17, 1867. She was born May 2, 1844. By this marriage he has had five children. He returned to Missouri in 1869, since which time he has followed teaching for a living, and preaches to exercise his talent. In 1872 he was elected county superintendent of schools of Buchanan County for two years. In 1878 he was nominated and elected a Representative from the Third District of Buchanan County as a Democrat, with 400 majority over his opponent. He was re-elected in 1880 over another Greenbacker by over 800 votes. He is a Master Mason, and has been teaching school for over twenty years. During the war he was orderly sergeant and never absent from any battles, participating in every engagement with his regiment. He has always been a Democrat, but never an ultra one ; can always see good wherever it may exist. As a member of the legisla- ture he voted for all measures tending toward economy, education, and temperance. He took an active part in "securing to St. Joseph the rebuilding of Lunatic Asylum No. 2, the former building having been destroyed by fire in 1879, and strenuous efforts were put forth to have it rebuilt elsewhere. J. H. C. ROBINSON, M. D., Halleck, was born in Boyle County, Kentucky, January 15, 1832, where he received a good, common school education. Emigrating to Missouri in 1849, he located at Halleck, where he read medicine under Dr. Crow. He afterwards attended lectures at Lexington, Kentucky, where he was graduated in 1855. He commenced the practice of medicine in DeKalb in the spring of 1856 ; thence he moved to Whitesville, Andrew County, where he remained until i860. He then permanently located at Halleck where he has been uniformly successful in the practice of medicine and I052 BIOGRAPHICAL. surgery. He married Miss Josephine Finney, a native of Missouri, in 1856. By this marriage they had five children : Margaret S., Elizabeth S., Lee D., Mary P., J. H. C. His estimable wife died in 1873. In 1874 he married Miss Sarah E. Meadows, a native of Missouri, by whom he has had one child, Plato W. Dr. Robinson is a Mason and a member of the I. O". O. F. He is present (1881) Noble Grand of Truth Lodge, No. 216, Halleck. He is a member of and deacon in the Christian Church. He has also been school director for years. By his own industry he has accumulated 319 acres of land and an interest in the most valuable flouring mill in the country. He is highly popular, both personally and professionally. COLUMBUS H. ROUNDTREE, farmer, section 18, po;stoffice Wallace, was born in Kentucky, March 10, 1826. His father emigrated to Missouri in 1828, locating in Boone County, where he resided until 1837, at which time the family moved to Buchanan County, where the subject of this sketch has remained ever since, with the exception of a period of five years, spent in Oregon and the Far West. He was urider General Gillum six months fight- ing the Indians, and was with the General when he was killed, during the missionary massacre. There were one thousand soldiers engaged in the fight, and he has seen only one that has returned. His name is Vardeman Blevins, now (1881) a resident of Atchison. He was granted his discharge by Governor Abernathy, after which he was one of a party of four that explored the head waters of Sacramento River, in quest of gold. They traveled by night, and laid up by day. Arriving at their destination, one would guard the horses while the three others would dig gold. They made about fifteen hundred dollars, of which they did not seem to know the value.- They went to Suter's^ Fort, and gave most of it for flour, etc. Flour was five dollars per pound, gold dust was three dollars an ounce. TJiey did not weigh, but guessed it off. In the winter Mr. Roundtree walked fifty miles through the snow, met an old man on an old horse, paid him five hundred dollars for his horse, and returned to the Mountains. He once gave fifty dollars for supper, consisting of a cup of coffee and fried cakes. While in Central America, making his way to the Island of Cuba, he purchased a ticket for New York, paying $250. In a few niinutes met a man, who enquired what he would take for his ticket. He replied, "$500." Without any hesitation, he counted out the gold. Next evening, a vessel came in. He embarked for the Isle of Cuba, but on account of fifty men having been shot, the day before the arrival of the vessel, no one was allowed to land without a passport. In a few days, they got on a boat from South America, and went to New Orleans. Mr. Roundtree returned home, and married. May CRAWFORD TOWNSHIP. I OS 3 30, 1852, Miss Isabella Connett, a native of Lexington, Kentucky. She was born December 15, 1823. By this marriage he had five children: Wm. R., born November 5, 1854 ; Matilda A., born November 19, 1856; Virginia A., born March 23, i860 ; Joanna, born August 30, 1853, died February i, 1854, and one child, not narned, who died in infancy. By his own industry he has accumulated 600 acres of land, all of which is under fence, and in good state of cultivation, with good house and fair stabling. April 17, 1879, his fine barn, two good horses, 850 bushels of wheat, hay, and oats, were swept away, by lightning. He gave his son, Wm. R., 17s acres of land for being a good, industrious boy. He has helped all religious denominations to build churches, and has been char- itable to widows and orphans. He is a Mason, and a popular citizen, JOHN W. SILER, farmer and carpenter, sections 30 and 31, postoffice Wallace, was born in Burks County, Virginia, September 7, 1842. Emigrated to Missouri in 1845 with his parents. They settled in Platte County, where he received a good common school education. Was married, in 1869, to Miss Sarah E. Way, a native of Virginia. She was born July 4, 1851. They have had five children: Lena, born December 30, 1872; Zela, born July 28, 1 87s; Margaret, born November 13, 1877; William, born Janu- ary 26, 1880; Charles E., born March 9, 1871, died September 4, 1872. Has been school director. Has 116 acres of land, made by his own industry; it is all under fence and in a good state of cultivation. JOHN S. WALLINGFORD, farmer and stock dealer, section 30, postoffice Wallace ; was born in Platte County, Missouri. May 15,1842. Education fair. Was married April ID, 1867, to Miss Nannie Allen, of Platte County. By this mar- riage he had three children— Sadie, born June 28, 1868 ; Allen, born November 7, 1870; Laura, born September 20, 1873. Laura died Octo- ber 31, 1876. Inspired by patriotism, and influenced by surrounding circumstances, he enlisted in Captain John Hart's company, Confederate service, as high private. During an engagement he received a wound in the left hand and arm which rendered that member almost useless. He has been deputy assessor for two terms, doing good and faithful work. The subject of the above sketch has a keen eye for fine stock, an4 makes a specialty of Loudon Duke cattle. He is a member of the Christian Church, and has always fed the hungry, assisting the worthy at all times to the extent of his ability. S. R. WALLINGFORD, farmer, section 30, postoffice Wallace, was born in Platte County, Mis- souri, July 14, 1846, and when eighteen months old was taken to Ken- I054 BIOGRAPHICAL. tucky, and there raised. At the age of fourteen he returned to Mis- souri, after which he received a moderate education. Wais married, Feb- ruary 28, 1870, to Amanda Noland, a native of Missouri. She was born January 3, 1853. They have had four children: William, born December S, 1871; Ada, born June 24, 1874; Anna, born February 3, 1876; Georgia, born January 6, 1818; Anna died March 5, 1877. Is a member of the Christian Church, and owns 95 acres of land. Of this, he inherited 45 acres; the balance he acquired by his own industry. His land is all under fence and in. a good state of cultivation, with fair improvements, including two acres of orchard. C. P. WALBRIDGE, druggist, Wallace, was born in Grant County, Wisconsin, August 5, 1856. He remained in his native county, on the farm, till eleven years of age, when his parents moved to Otoe County, Nebraska, where he remained till June 5, 1880, when he went to Atchison. September, 1880, he went to DeKalb and put in a stock of groceries with W. H. Mack. He was educated in the common schools and the University of Nebraska, and was for some time while in Nebraska engaged in teaching. While in Atchison he was employed as clerk in a drug store. He continued the grocery business while in DeKalb till the spring of 1 881, when he settled in his present location. JOHN M. WATSON, M. D., postoffice, Halleck ; was born in Wayne County, Ohio, May 25, 1833. Had the benefit of a good common school education. At the age of twenty-one he emigrated to Kentucky arid taught school for a liveli- hood. In a few years he returned to Ohio and completed a course at Mount Union College, after which he read medicine under Dr. H. G. Allen; in Fleming County, Kentucky. He afterwards attended lectures at the Ohio Medical College, in Cincinnati, Ohio, graduating in the spring of 1859. He then located at Sherburne Mills, Kentucky, where he practiced for two. years ; thence he moved to Clintonville, Bourbon County, where he remained for seven years in the practice of his profes- sion. In 1868 he sold out and moved to Paris, Kentucky, where he engaged in the drug business in connection with his practice, continuij;ig there for three years. This was the most unfortunate move of his life, and by it he sustained serious loss. In 1871 he emigrated to Missouri, and located at Halleck, Buchanan County, where he gradually worked up a lucrative general practice, being very successful in his new field of labor. He is Past Grand in the lodge of I. O, O. F., and member of the Christian Church. He is also a deacon in Halleck Church. In i860 Dr. , CRAWFORD TOWNSHIP. 10$ 5 Watson was married to Miss Lizzie Taylor, a native of Fleming County, Kentucky. She was born October 21, 1842. They have had seven children — Mary B., born July 23, 1861, died March 11, 1865 ; William A., born October 20, 1863, died January 19, 1880; Henry B., born October 29, 1865 ; Warren C, born January 8, 1868, died September 20, 1870; James, born September 20, 1869; -Rosa L., born August 6, 1874, and one child that died in infancy. J. J. WHITTINGTON, farmer and stock dealer, section 16, postoffice Wallace, was born in Buchanan County, Missouri, June 11, 1842, In youth he received a good common school education, after which he sold goods at Toas for three years. He then returned to farming, which he has followed ever sinc£. He has a penchant for Durham cattle, Cotswold sheep and Poland China hogs. Was a volunteer in the Confederate service for two months, but was not sworn in. He participated, however, in the Lexington and Blue Mills battles. Hejis a Master Mason and a member of the I. O. O. F. He is also a member of the Missionary. Baptist Church. He has 160 acres of land all under fence and well improved. He was married December 17, 1861, to Miss Anna B. Jones, native of North Carolina, born August, 1 841. They have had three children : Wiiiiam, born January i, 1863 ; Katie, born August 14, 18^5 ; Frankie, born May 7, 1867. GEORGE A. WILLIS, farmer, section 30, postoffice Wallace, is a native of Missouri, born in Buchanan County, Janiiary 29, 1850. He received a good common school education. He was married February 9, 1871, to Miss Angeline Noland, a native of Missouri. She was born February 28, 1855. They have had four children, Irvine, born July 17, 1872 ; John, born Novem- ber iS, 1874; Allen, born May 21, 1874; Jessie, born July 17, 1879. They are all alive and doing well. Mr. Willis has over 156 acres of land. He had $2,400 willed to him, the balance he has made by his own efforts. The land is all under fence, and in a good state of cultivation. He has a good house and fair barn, together with an orchard of 200 trees. He is a member of the Christian Church. JACKSON TOWNSHIP. C. p. ARMSTRONG, postoffice Arnoldsyille, was born in Tennessee, March i, 1822. Served an apprenticeship at the tanning and currjer trade, and afterwards fol- lowed the business for a livelihood. He was among the earliest settlers of the Platte Purchase, emigrating to Platte County, Missouri, in 1843. He was, for many years, a prominent and highly popular merchant of New Market, in the northern portion of that county. In 1876, he moved to his present residence — Arnoldsville, Buchanan County — ^^where he has since been engaged as a clerk in a general store of that place. Mr. Armstrong was married to Cynthia Carson, a native of Kentucky, December 23, 1845. By this marriage he had four children, Elizabeth, Julia, William G. and Belle. They are all living and married. Mrs. Arm- strong died from the effects of fever in August, 1864. In 1867, Mr. Armstrong married Mrs. Pauline Baughnian, a widow, and a native of Kentucky. He had by this marriage one child. Lulu. His second wife died of consumption September 2, 1877. December 24, 1878, he was again married. His third and present wife was Miss Maggie Mcintosh. They have had two children. Commodore P., and Ethel W. Mr. Arm- strong has met with considerable reverses in life, and was a heavy suf- ferer during the civil war, losing, by the work of incendiaries, a store- house with a valuable stock of goods, besides sustaining other serious losses. He is, however, of a constitionally cheerful disposition, and never repines at the past and the inevitable. He is a member of the Christian Church, and of the I. O. O. F., and is a man of honorable impulses, large heart and generous sympathies. D. L. BECK, farmer, section 3, postoffice Agency, was born in Madison County, Ken- tucky, Februrary 23, 1824, and lived there until sixteen years old, when he emigrated, with his father, to Lafayette County, Missouri, where he remained two and one-half years, then moved to Clinton County, and in 1854 came to Buchanan County, where he has since resided. He was married in 1849 to Miss Martha Ann Vaughn, a native of Missouri. By this marriage he has had six children. David C, Betsy A., Andrew J., Sena I., Thomas J. Mary A. By their united efforts and economy. JACKSON TOWNSHIP. . IOS7 Mr. Beck and his wife have acquired sixty-nine acres of land, the saving^ of their own labor. He has been school director two years. Mr. Beck has always been a quiet, unassuming citizen, and is highly esteemed by his friends and neighbors. ALEXANDER BLACK, farmer, sections 29 and 37, postoffice Arnoldsville, was born in Daviess County, Missouri, April 13, 1842, and has resided in Missouri all his life.. He married Thurmutus Wilson May 15, 1866, by whom he has had one child, Mary Bell, now living. His wife died September 8, 1871. March 5, 1874, he married Blanche Foster. She was born March 12, 1844. By this marriage they have had four children, Oliver P., Thomas S.,. Rebecca J., Charles W. The last died December 15, 1875. He owns fifty-five acres of land, also holds 160 acres in trust. All under good state of cultivation. Mr. Black was one of those who had the fortune to- sustain no loss during the late war. BRYANT BRINTON, farmer, section 4, postoffice. Agency, born October 6, 1824, in Boyle* County, Kentucky. His parents emigrated to Indiana about 1826. Leaving Indiana in the fall of 1837, they located in Buchanan County, Missouri. January 7, 1847, he married Emily McCrary, a native of Mis souri. They have had twelve children — Eliza Ann, born October 30,. 1847; Nancy E., born February 13, 1849, died February 28, 1867; Mary E., born April 9, 1850 ; Hillery F., born November 21, 1852 ; George M., born March 10, 1854; Benjamin B., born December 2, 1855 ; Emily D., born February 2, 1858, died June 28, 1871 ; Caroline S., born June 3 1861 ; John, born February 24, 1863; William E., born December 22 1864; Harriet A., born July 16, 1867, died October 16, 1867; James F., born December 13, 1880. He now owns 375 acres of land. By the late war he lost considerably. He was in the Confederate army, serving in Cornell's regiment, under General Price. He is a member of Cumber- land Presbyterian Church. C. S. BRINTON, farmer, section 5, postoffice Agency, was born in Indiana August 27,. 1827. His parents emigrated to Missouri in the fall of 1837, locating in Buchanan County, where he has resided ever since. He received only a moderate education. September 27, 1859, he married Miss Jane Gilmore a native of Missouri. By this union they had seven children : Robert,, born November 15, 1850 ; Parthenia, born July 13, 1852 ; Thomas, bora December 9, 1853; Eliza, born May IS, 1856; Emily, born November I058 BIOGRAPHICAL. 30, 1859; Benjamin, born September 27, 1858 ; Jefferson, born Febru-- ary 15, 1862; all alive and doing well. He has been fortunate enough to save 140 acres of land, allunder fence, and good state of cultivation. His father, one of the citizens, was called to Far West to assist in sup- - pressing the. Mormons. Mr. Brinton sustained serious losses by the late war. He was in the Pawpaw militia, taken prisoner and cast into prison by Col. Cranor's men and held for ten days. He is a member of the ■Grange, and has been school director several times. JUDGE JOHN H. CAREY, farmer and stock dealer, section 5, postofifice Agency. Among the prom- inent and successful farmers and stock dealers of Buchanan County, is the subject of this sketch. He is a natiye of Ireland, and was born in Werxford County, June 12, 1835, and made that his home until twelve years of age. He had limited common school advantages, and emi- grated to America with his father in 1847, locating '" St. Louis, where he worked at various trades until 1852, when he commenced learning the ship carpenters' trade, at which business he remained until he left the city in 1856, when his father moved to Buchanan County, Missouri, settling in Center Township. He was married December 8, 1864, to Miss Nancy W. Gilmore, daughter of Joseph and Martha Gilmore, early settlers of Clay County, Missouri. By this marriage they have been blessed with five children, Martha B., Frances N., Maggie J., and two that died in infancy. After marriage Mr. Carey rented land and farmed exclusively until 1869, at which time he purchased the land where he now resides, consisting of 183 acres. Mr. Carey was elected judge of the county court in 1879 by 2,155 majority, being the largest majority ever given any county judge in Buchanan County. He has held other minor offices, the duties of which he discharged with honor to himself and to the entire satisfaction of his constituents. The judge's fancy runs in fine stock, and he is the possessor of fine sheep, a full blooded Clydesdale stallion, imported by Given, of Frankfort, Indiana ; also Poland China hogs, and other stock. The judge is well provided, with all the modern improvements and conveniences for farming, and is erecting an addition to his dwelling house. The life of Judge Carey has been honorable and enviable, as well as successful. He has always enjoyed the respect of the community in which he resides. By his industry and economy he has accumulated a competency. Every good cause receives his hearty support. A. C. CHESTNUT, farmer, section 28, postoffice Arnoldsville, was born in Laurel County, Kentucky, May 12, 1820. His opportunities for acquiring an education JACKSON TOWNSHIP. IO59 were extremely limited, and, such as they were, he walked two miles to a log school house to secure them. In 1840, he emigrated to Daviess County, Missouri, where he lived till 1848, when he moved to Buchanan County. November 15, 1838, he married Evaline Jones, by whom he had ten children: John T., Abraham, William, Mary, Maria, Hettie, Fannie, George, Samuel and Evan. Abraham enlisted in the Confed- erate army under Colonel Gates. He rose to the rank of lieutenant, and was killed by the accidental discharge of his own gun. Mr. Chestnut's first wife died in January, 1866, and in 1868 he married Sarah Anne Farrah, by whom he has had three childfen, Charles, Lucy and Ella. By his own industry he acquired the 60 acres of land he now owns. JOHN CLINE, farmer, section 34, postofpce Arnoldsville. This well preserved gentle- man was born in West Virginia, January i, 1812. In 1833 he emigrated to Missouri and settled in Platte County, where he resided and followed the peaceful avocation of farming until 1858, when he moved to Buchan- an County, sojourning there until 1866, at which time he moved to Kan- sas, where he remained about eight years, when he returned to Buchanan County, Missouri. On March 10, 1842 he married Elizabeth Ann Walker By this union they have had thirteen children : George W., Sarah J., James W., Robert A., Charles D., Benjamin A., Frances A., Susan, Mel- vina I., John W., all ot whom are living; William, Adaline and Mary, deceased. He owns eighty acres of land acquired by his own industry, and the assistance of his family. His son George W. was in the Confed- erate service, in Gen. Price's army corps. Mr. Cline was road overseer for two years. There were many Indians in this county during his early experience. All commendable enterprises invariably receive Mr. Cline's hearty support. TIMOTHY FERRELL, farmer, section 4, postoffice Agency, was born in Ireland, December 12, 1840. At the age of twelve he left his native country for America, and landed at New Orleans, where he remained six months ; after which he emigrated to St. Louis, Missouri. Here he resided up to 1861, during which time he learned the moulder's trade. In 1861 he moved to Buchanan County, and in 1865 was married to Miss Fannie Reynolds, a native of Buchanan County. By this union they have had five children — Mary L., Susan W., Joseph E., Eurabe A., John W. He was a mem- ber of an exempt cornpany at St. Joseph during the late war. He owns a farm of fifty acres of land, which is in a good state of cultivation^ I06o BIOGRAPHICAL. JOEL GRABLE, farmer and merchant, section 26, postoffice Platte River. The subject of this sketch has been a very successful man all through life. He was born July 26, 1816, in Wayne County, Ohio. Emigrated to Buchanan County, Missouri in 1843, returned to Ohio in 1844, then to Missouri in 1845, returning to Ohio in the same year, and remained until after the Mexican War, at the close of which he located permanently, where he now resides, in Buchanan County. He was a builder and carder by pro- fession. He had a carding factory in Bretz's Mill, which was consumed by fire in the winter of 1845. He rebuilt in 1848, and continued in bus- iness until i860, when he sold out. Since i860, he has been engaged in farming and stock raising. October 12, 1840, he was married to Miss Elizabeth Beals, a native of Wayne County, Ohio. They had but one child — it and the mother died. October 12, 1848, he married Delilah Seal, born in Dauphin County, Pennsylvania. By this union they have had three children : Odilin B., Cornelia A. Algernian S. Owns 214 acres of land, all under good state of cultivation, with good house and barn thereon. He has donated liberally to the building of school houses, always assisting the needy. On the 23d of March, 1881, he formed a partnership in general merchandise, under the iirm name of Grable & Henshaw. Cornelia A. was married December 23, 1879, to Joseph A. Henshaw, who was born May 14, 1855. in Clay County, Missouri. He was a farmer until twenty-one — Since maturity a business man. MRS. MARGARET M. GRABLE, section 32, postoffice, Arnoldsville ; resides in Arnoldsville and operated a farm. She was born March 31, 1826, in Ohio. She emigrated to Buchanan County, Missouri, in 1846, and married Anthony Grable in 1847. He was born in Jefferson County, Ohio, May 12, 1846. They had six children — Melissa, Mary, Maggie, Celeste C, Charles A. P., Luannie M. Three of these died : Mary, July 10, 1852 ; Maggie, July 26, 1858 ;, Celeste, September 11, i860. Her husband died November 15, 1873, of Typhoid Pneumonia. By their own industry and economy they accu- mulated 51^ acres of land, all under a good state of cultivation. Mr. Grable was a captain in the Pawpaw militia, but never received any compensation for his services. He was a Mason and an Odd Fellow, and donated freely toward the building of churches and school houses. PASLEY JOHNSON, farmer, section 32, postoffice Arnoldsville, a native of North Carolina, was born October 12, 1834, and emigrated to Buhanan County, Missouri, JACKSON TOWNSHIP. to6l in 1844. Was married, June 2, 1854, to Miss Nancy Pumphrey, a native of Kentucky, who was born November 11, 1826. They had eight child- dren: George W., Jona, John, Holla, Jennie, David and Jessie, all living, and an infant daughter deceased. By his, own labor he has accumu- lated 23s acres of land, all under good state of cultivation. Joined the Pawpaw militia in 1864, and in common with many others never received a cent for his services. Is a Mason and belongs to the Baptist Church. Did not enjoy the advantage of schools. Served in the Mex- ican war as wagon master, and was in Mexico when the city surrendered. He crossed the plains to Mansfort, a place for supplies for Indian scouts. March, 24, 1879, Mr. Johnson met with a severe accident; the cars on the Chicago & Rock Island Railroad caught his wagon, crippled .the mules, demolished the wagon, and ruined Mr. Johnson for life. He obtained judg- ment for damages to the amount of $2,650. From this verdict the com- pany appealed to the Supreme Court. WILLIAM M. MATNEY, farmer and miller, section 26, postoffice Platte River, one of the most successful business men, farmers and millers of Buchanan County, was born May 21, 1824, in Hart County, Kentucky. He left Kentucky Octp- ber I, 1845, and landed in Buchanan County, Missouri, October 20, 1845, with twenty dollars and twelve cents. He has resided in Buchanan County ever since except six months that he lived in plinton County. He worked for John Patee in St. Joseph at ten dollars per month. Then worked in Mexico and on the road at twenty dollars per month. He worked for John Bretz until May, 1849, then took a trip to California, returning in 1852. Engaged in general merchandise August, 18.52, con- tinued until May, 1854, when he sold his store and purchased an undi- vided half of the Bretz Mill. He married Catharine A. Bretz, a native of Pennsylvania, April 27, 1853. She was born August 23, 1832. By this union they have had seven children, Albert E., James B., Elizabeth, John W., Lydia, Edward R., Rebecca E., all alive except John and Lydia, and doing well. By his own exertions he has accumulated 589 acres of land, all under good state of cultivation, with large and com- modious house, good barn, orchard, etc. He has been postmaster and school trustee, and is a member of the Grange. During thfe late war he experienced considerable inconvenience, and sustained loss. His beloved wife died March 7, 1879, from congestion of the lungs. In all public enterprises he has lent a helping hand, and has ever been the poor man's friend. WILLIAM MEANS, farmer, section 33, postoffice Arnoldsville. The subject of the following narative, was born in Christain County, Kentucky, January 18,: 1809, and I062 BIOGRAPHICAL. emigrated to Missouri (which was a wilderness) in 1820, locating in How- ard County, where he remained but a short time. He then went to Daviess and to Ray counties, where. he remained seven years. Afterward moved to Buchanan County, having been engaged in farming most of the time. In 1830 he married Miss Nancy H. Gentry a native of Boon County, Missouri. They have six children : James R., Charles G., Thomas J., Susan, Elizabeth and Martha. His first wife died in 1868. His second marriage was to Miss Mary C. Mcintosh, his present wife.- By hard labor and strict attention to business he has acquired a considera- ble amount of land, all of which has been given to his children, except 100 acres. His children are all married. Mr. Means has served six years as Justice of the Peace with credit to himself, discharging the duties of the office to the entire satisfaction of the people. He has all his life been recognized as a public spirited citizen. T HOMAS J. MEANS, farmer, section 32, postoffice Arnoldsville, was born in Howard County, Missouri, January 6, 1841. He left Howard County for Platte, in 1849, remaining there until 1 881, when he located in Buchanan County. December 20, 1870, he married Susan A. Vaughn, a native of Platte County. By this marriage he has had fiye children : Alyerta, Clay F,, Thomas J., Charlie C, Minnie E., all living and doing well. By his own exertions he has succeeded, since the war, in accumulating 448 acres of land, all Under fence and in good state of cultivation. In 1863, he went west, returning in one year. In early days he had no school advantages, and experienced nothing but hard work. He is a member of Rowley Lodge No. 204, A. F. and A. M. He buys, ships and speculates in hogs, cattle, mules, etc. He has been one of the most successful men of Buchanan County. GEORGE W. RAY, farmer and merchant, section 30, postoffice Arnoldsville, was born July 20, 1833, in North Carolina. Emigrated to Clay County, Missouri, in early life, and after remaining there one year moved to Buchanan County. Married Rebecca Wilson, in August, 1857. She was born in Ohio, in 1837. By this marriage they have had six children: Mary A., Thermutus B., John R., George W., J. Robert and Elizabeth. By his own industry he has acquired a farm of 525 acres of land, less 200 acres given him by his father. The land is in a good state of cultivation and is provided with good improvements. Mr. Ray is a Mason and a member of the M. E. Church; is also school trustee. He has been engaged in merchandising since the fall of 1875, doing both a cash and a credit business, and has lost but little by the latter. He built a storeroom, 22x60 feet and one JACKSON TOWNSHIP. IO65 story high, in which he sells about twenty thousand dollars worth per year. Mr. Ray has engaged, extensively in buying and selling mules and intends making that business a specialty. He is, one of the success- ful farmers and merchants of Buchanan County; he has grown with the county, and recalls the period when the Indian was a familiar object in the neighborhood. J. N. STAGNER, farmer, section 30, pbstoffice Arnoldsville, was born October 20, .1826, in Madison County, Kentucky. He married Elizabeth Stagner October 2, 1848. They have had eight children, including Rozanna, Andrew, Albert, Winston, and four others that died in infancy. He emigrated to Missouri March 13, 1849, locating in Lingingston County, where he remained four years. He then moved to Caldwell County, living there six years. In i860 he moved to Buchanan County, where his wife died October 15, 1865, of consumption. October 13, 1867, he married, Miss Mary A. Davis, a native of North Carolina. He has had four children by this marriage, Dora E., Elvie D., Lenie B., and John O. His father gave him 1 14 acres of land, which , he still owns, and which is under a ;good state of cultivation. He was in the Pawpaw militia, regularly enrolled to protect home property against thieves. He is a member of the Christian Church, and has taken two degrees in Masoriry. He has been generally prosperous in life, experiencing little trouble beyond the ills necessarily incident to pioneer life. DAVID STAGNER, farmer, section 33, postoffice Arnoldsville, was born February 13, 1831, in Madison County, Kentucky. When in his twenty-third year, he located in Livingston County, Missouri, remaining there twelve years, when he moved to Buchanan County. He married, September 20, 1858, Miss Matilda Sparks, a native of Indiana, born in August, 1834. By this union they have had nine children : Kemper, John R., Sarah J., Amaziah, David R., James W., Elijah, and two children that died in infancy. By his own labor he has acquired 126 acres of land, all well improved. He takes especial pride in fine Jiorses, and especially favors Edwin Forest stock. Has been school director. During the late war he lost some corn, and had a good mare taken from, him by the soldiers. He served in the Home Guard awhile, but was not taken out of the state. He has never regretted locating in Missouri, where he has met with general success. J. B. STAFFORD, farmer, section 30, postofifice, Arnoldsville, was born in Lawrence County, Kentucky, December 7, 1839. His parents emigrated to Platte County, 1064 BIOGRAPHICAL. Missouri, in 1842, where he resided up to 1866. He married Melissa Grable May 17, 1866. They have had five children — Cynthia M., Laura A., James A., John R., Charles W., all I'ving. By his own industry he acquired 406 acres of land, besides fifty acres given him by his father-in- law. This is all under fence and in cultivation and provided with good buildings. Mr. Stafford was in the Pawpaw and State militia, but was not out of the state. During the war he crossed the plains. He was a charter member of Rowley Lodge No. 204, A. F. & A. M. ; was in the dry goods business at Arnoldsville for two years, being successful. Meeting with a good opportunity to sell out, he accepted the offer. Having disposed of his goods he turned his attention to farming. JOHN B. SHERWOOD, farmer, section 27, postoffice Platte River, was born in Richmond County, Ohio, September 9, 1821. When two years, old his parents moved to Ross County, remaining until 1835, when they moved to Logan County. November 3, 1839, he emigrated to Buchanan County, Missouri. He married Miss Mary Ray, February 9, 1843. She was a native of North Carolina. By this union they have twelve children : Lucinda C, Joseph W., John W., . Elizabeth M., Caroline, Jane, Susan, Anna, Adaline, George, James and Albert. By the united efforts and economy of Mr. S. and his wife, they have secured 100 acres of land. He sustained severe loss during the late war. Was two years in the Confed- erate service under Gen. Price, in Col. Gates' regiment, after which he spent one year at Pike's Peak. He received no wounds, but endured many privations. He served as justice of the peace for two years. His wife died February 17, 1872. Mr. S. is a Master Mason. He was raised in 1868, presided in the east three years, and was representative to the Grand Lodge in 1872. He has been all his life an exemplary citizen. JAMES E. WELLER, farmer, section 18, postoffice Halleck, was born in Nelson County, Ken- tucky, February 17, 1821. His opportunities for acquiring an education were very poor. He emigrated to Buchanan County, Missouri, in 1844. In 1851 he married Miss Mark. They have had seven children, Sarah M., Charles E.,. William H., Isabella J., Mary M., Jacob M., and Martha S. They are all alive with one exception. Mrs. Weller died in Novem- ber, 1864. In August, 1865, he married Mrs. E. E. Hill, by whom he has had three children, Emily C, Phoebe A., and James E. Mr. W. owns 234 acres of land, 160 acres of which is under fence, well improved, with a fair house and barn and good orchard. He is a Master Mason, and was representative in the state legislature during 1872 and 1873, to which he was elected as a Democrat. He served as justice of the PLATTE TOWNSHIP. I065 peace two terms, and was secretary of Birming Lqdge No. 150 A. F. & A. M. for eight consecutive yeaTs. Mr. Weller was engaged in general merchandise at Halleck for five years and was successful, but lost his earnings during the war. HENRY YATES, farmer, section 7, postofifice Agency, was born April 20, 1847, in Buchanan County, Missouri, where he had the good fortune to secure a fair education. September 15, 1871, he was married to Miss Sallie Williams, who was born May 14, 1846, in Kentucky. They have had three children : Thomas L., born in September, 1875; Harry C, born in October, 1878 ; Dora P., born July 3, 1872, died January 13, 1879. To the eighty acres of land, given him by his parents, he has man- aged by his own industry to add 160 more. He is a Mason and Odd Fellow, and is also a member of Cumberland Presbyterian Church. His farm is all under fence, and well improved, with a good house and barn, and well supplied with farm machinery. PLATTE TOWNSHIP. JAMES ANDERSON, farmer, section 2, postofifice, Frazer ; was born in East Tennessee, June 5, 1813, and moved from his native state to Indiana, where he lived a short time. July 15, 1839, he came to this county, which has since been his home. He owns a farm of 222 acres. He married Miss F. Brown March 25, 1830. She was born in East Tennessee, December 2, 1814. They have two children living, Jane, born February 12, 1831, and Jesse N., born May 6, 5836. They have lost two, Fanny and Mary. Mr. Anderson and wife are members of the Missionary Baptist Church. J. N., son of the above, was born in Indiana, May 6, 1836, and came with his parents to Missouri in 1839. He was raised a farmer, and has fol- lowed this calling as an occupation. He owns a farm of 107J acres. He has held various township offices, and has always taken a deep interest in educational matters. He married Miss Martha E. Huddleston April 8, 1855. She was born in Buchanan County April 25, 1839. To them have been born nine children — Edward C, born February i, 1856; Mary .66 I066 BIOGRAPHICAL. M., born May 21, 1858 ; James B.,born November 19, i860; William D., born February 9, 1863 ; Jesse N., born September i8, 1865 ; Fanny Jane, born September 7, 1868; Martha A., born April 10, 1871 ; Hiram M., born September 24, 1873, and Charles S., born February 12, 1876. Mr. and Mrs. Anderson are members of the Methodist Church. D. L. ARNOLD, farmer, has 178 acres of land on section 28. He was born in Logan County, Ohio, June 4th, 1836, and, with his parents, came to Buchanan County in October, 1838, and settled in Platte Township. He grew up here on a farm and received a fair common school education, though the advantages were very limited at that time. He went to work with his father, who was a carpenter, and learned the trade, and worked at it for some years. In 1865 he purchased the farm he now owns and occupies, and which he greatly improved. He married Miss Mary Ann Lillie, July 26, 1857. They have two children living : Loma and Henry W. Halleck. Eli Arnold, the father of D. L., was born in Pennsylvania in 1791. At an early day he removed to Ohio, where he became a carpenter and millwright, and also learned the tanner's trade. He had charge of the construction of many large mills and other buildings and some of which were of considerable importance. He moved to Buchanan County, Missouri in October, 1838. He very soon built a flouring mill on Bee Creek, two miles east of Taos. This was the first mill with a bolt, put up in the county. He then fitted up Turner's Mill, on Bee Creek, and afterwards constructed a mill on Platte River, where Mat- ney's Mill now stands. In 1844 he started a tannery near Arnoldsville, which perhaps was the first established in the county. He then put up a mill at Arnoldsville. After a few years he sold out his property and purchased a place two miles from this city, where he continued to reside up to the time of his death, which occurred in January, 1866. Arnolds- ville was named in honor of him. He married Miss Saloma Chesround, in Pennsylvania. They have five children living : Jerome, Durang L., Reubin, Fannie and Lillie. PETER BLEDSOE, farmer, section 24, postoffice Edgerton. He was born in Illinois, March 15, 18 18, and reared a farmer. His parents emigrated to Boone County, Missouri, in 1819; thence to Jackson County, then Caldwell, then Clin- ton, thence to the Platte Purchase, settling in Buchanan County in 1837, on Rock House Prairie, where he now resides. By his own prudence and good management he has secured 490 acres of land, all of which is under fence and in good state of cultivation. He married Miss Eliza- PLATTE TOWNSHIP. I067 beth Drake in 1849. She was born in Ray County, Missouri, in 18 18. By this marriage they had five children :. Julia Ann, John, Nancy, Wil- liam, Peter O. Magee. They are all dead except Peter O. Magee. Mrs. Bledsoe died in 1862. He was married, November 22, 1864, to Mrs. Barshaw, widow of Jefferson Botts. She had by her first husband seven children : James W., born September 25, 1849;. George H., born April 6, 185 1, died in 1869; Richard E., born March 7, 1853; John, born December 22, 1854 ; Nancy A., born June 29, 1859, died in i860 ; Jeffer- son, born January 9, 1862; Benjamin F., born April 25, 1867. By her marriage with Mr. Bledsoe they were blessed with three children ; Robert E. L., born December 5, 1865 ; Joseph E. J., September 19, 1867; Beauregard, September 15, 1869. Mr. Bledsoe was a member of the Pawpaw Militia, in 1861. He has been a hard working man, and has generally enjoyed a prosperous life. In 1861, however, he was so unfortunate as to lose his eyesight, since which time he has had to feel his way around over the farm by use of a cane, and when he goes from home has to depend upon his children, or affectionate wife, to guide his steps. He does not complain, but accepts the situation, and seems to enjoy life in his present afiflicted condition. WILLIAM A. BLEDSOE, farmer, section 15, postoflSce Platte River, was born in Buchanan County, Missouri, June 29, 1849, and was raised a farmer. His education was fair. August 16, 1869, he married Miss Mary Ann Toben. She was born in Buchanan County, September 27, 1844. By this marriage they have had five children: Maggie E., born September 22, 1871; William P., born December 20, 1874; Jesse F., December 15, 1877; Delia M, born April 29, 1879; one child died in infancy. By his own industry and economy he has acquired 80 acres of land. He is a member of the Christian Church at Bruce's school house. The subject of the above is an industrious man, a peaceable citizen, a kind husband, and an indul- gent father. JOHN P. BOYLE, county superintendent of public schools, was born in Tazwell County, Virginia, October 28, 1828. In 1849 he came to St. Louis, Missouri ; he completed his education at the Ste. Genevieve Academy, when he chose the occupation of teacher, a pursuit in which he has been all his life engaged. He came to St. Joseph in 1866, and in 1870 moved on a farm in Platte Township, where he has since continued to reside. He has improved a good farm, though engaged the greater part of his time with his professional duties. He was elected superintendent of public schools for Buchanan County, a position the duties of which he has since I068 BIOGRAPHICAL. continued to discharge with zeal and ability. He is not only an excel- lent scholar and first-class teacher, but bears the character of a gener- ous hearted man and a good neighbor. In 1857 ^^ married Miss Eliza Patterson, a lady from his former home in Virginia. They have eight children, all living : William C, Mattie Bell, Elizabeth F., Eliza J., John L., Katie, James, and Harvey. J. C. CARRIN(iirON, farmer and stockraiser, section 29, postoffice, Edgerton, Platte County ; was born in Bourbon County, Kentucky, December 5, 1830, and in 1834 or 183S, came to Morgan County, Illinois. In 1867, he came to Buchanan County, where he now owns over 800 acres of land, and is one of the rep- resentative farmers of the township. He was married to Miss Mary A. . Fitch December 30, 1853. She was born in Ohio, May 10, 1833. By this union they have eight children living — Emily E., now Mrs. I. S. Gibson, born October 3, 1854; John W., born October 21, 1856; Fannie J., now Mrs. F. Jolinson, born October 3, 1858; Joel H., born March 2, i860 ; J. C, born August i, 1861 ; Mamie, born August 18, 1863 ; Annie, born September 21, 1865; Carrie R., born January 12, 1869; Joseph G., born January 22, 1871 ; Phebe, born June 23, 1879. Mr. and Mrs. Car- rington are members of the Christian Church. LEWIS COBB, farmer, section 11, postoffice Frazer, is a native of Indiana, and was born in Daviess County, September 12, 1826. Came to Buchanan County, Missouri, in 1840, and in 1856 removed to Kansas, whence, in 1857, he went to Texas, and in 1858 purchased a farm in Buchanan County, Mis- souri. In ^864 he went to Nebraska, where he remained but a short time, and has since made his home in this county. His farm consists of 125 acres of land. He married Miss Nancy Housh, December 28, 1848. She was born June 12, 1828. To them have been born eleven children: Clarissa J., born January 2, 1849; George W., born April 20, 185 1; Mary E., July 20, 1854; Sythia A., born November 27, 185S; Thomas J., born May 17, 1858; Sarah R., November 27, 1859; Susan F., born February 16, 1864; Alice M., born November 27, 1865; Lewis H., born May i, 1867; Nancy C, born March 7, 1870. Susan F., died in December, 1864. J. A. DEAKINS, farmer, section 14, postoffice Frazer is the son of R. H. and Catharine Deakins, and was born in east Tennessee, August 13, 1847. His father was born in Maryland, November 28, 1800, and died August 11, 1873. His mother's maiden name was Catharina Ghorst. She was born in Vir- PLATTE TOWNSHIP. IO69 ginia, April 26, 1820. In 1854 the subject of this sketch came with his parents to Arkansas, but they, not liking the country, came with their son, the same year, to Buchanan County, where he was raised on a farm He married Miss Eliza Kinnaird, October 31, 1867. She was born in Buchanan County, December 5, 1843, and was the daughter of C. and M. C. Kinnaird. The former was born in Kentucky, August 16, 1805, and died April 26, 1880. The latter was born in the same state, Febru- ary 20, 1 8 10, and died Feb. 28, 1862. Mr. and Mrs. Deakins have a family of four children : Annie M., born May 10, 1870; Charles Catha- rine, born December 16, 1872 ; Pettie Frances, born October 2, 1875 ; Eliza Tennessee, born June 29, 1878. HON. WESTON J. EVERETT, farmer, section 12, postoffice, Frazer; is one of the oldest residents of Buchanan County, and was born in Halifax County, Virginia, August 24, 1801. When six years of age he was taken by his parents to Kentucky, where he. lived until 1818, and then came to Missouri. He lived in Howard and Saline Counties until the spring of 1821, and then settled in Clay County. In 1836 he explored the Platte Purchase, and as soon as it was opened for settlement, moved up into Buchanan County in 1837, in the midst of severely cold weather, with snow on the ground six inches deep, in order to secure the location he had selected the year pre- vious. He purchased a cabin standing on section 13, which had been occupied by a settler who had located in the country while it was yet in possession of the Indians, but was compelled to leave by the United States troops. While that part of the purchase that now includes Buchanan County was attached to Clinton County, he was elected one of the members of the Clinton County Court, and served until the organ- zation of the County. In 1855 he was selected as the Democratic nomi- nee for the State Legislature, and was elected by a handsome majority, receiving every vote in Platte Township, but five out of 225. The winter of 1855 was revision session, and the same was prolonged until the suc- ceeding winter. During that period the Legislature had no more faithful, industrious and conscientious public servant than Judge Everett. He was afterwards solicited to again become a candidate, but declined, much to the regret of all. His early education was limited to the schools of the period, which were few in number and inferior in grade, but he made the best possibje use of his opportunities, and by reading and observa- tion, as well as contact with the world, obtained such knowledge as places him among the leading men of the county. He married Miss Hannah Crockett March 8, 1829. She was born in Tennessee, Septem- ber 8, 1808. Her father, whose name was David Crockett, was a second cousin of the renowned David Crockett, whose name is so closely iden- I070 BIOGRAPHICAL, tified with pioneer life. Judge Everett is at this time (1881) the oldest resident of Platte Township, and no one enjoys and merits the esteem of all in a higher degree than he does. Politically he is a Democrat of the old school, and voted for Jackson in 1828. Judge Everett's birthplace, in Halifax County, was at the historic place of Bull Run, and it may not be amiss to relate the circumstance from which it derived its name. The Judge's father, '^- Everett, had a neighbor, and each of them owned a bull. These animals met near a stream and commenced bellowing until it became the signal for a conflict? The neighbor's bull punished Mr. Everett's by pitching him into the water, after which feat he ran away from his opponent. From this circumstance the name Bull Run became identified with that locality, and has remained so to this day. JAMES W. GARTIN, farmer and stock raiser, owns 160 acres of land in section 4. He was born in Todd County, Kentucky, in 1834, and came to Clay County, Missouri, with his father in 1835. He received a good education at William Jewell College, and at the age of eighteen he went to Texas remaining eighteen months, when he came to Clay County, Missouri. His father was a government contractor, furnishing horses and stock for the Western frontier, and for several years James assisted him in deliv- ering his stock. In 1858 he came to Tremont Township, where he lived until 1866, when he bought a farm in Platte Township, where he now lives. He has a fine farm, well improved. He has for many years run a ^threshing machine, and in that line has by his care and fair dealing and promptness in filling his engagements gained an excellent reputa- tion. He and his wife belong to the Cumberland Presbyterian Church. In 1858 he married Miss Mary F. Millen in Clinton County, Missouri. They have seven children, Annie J., James A., Charles S., Mary Fannie, William Thomas, Elvina Virginia, Emma Angle. WILLIAM S. GUNN, farmer and local preacher, was born in Harrison' County, Indiana, March 21, 181 1. He received a good education for the times, and, at the age of eighteen, went to Jefferson County, Kentucky,, and learned the stone mason trade, at which he worked for many years. He came to Adams County, Illinois, purchased a farm, and became a thdrough practical farmer. He remained in Illinois twelve years, at the end of which period he came to Missouri, and bought 260 acres of land on section 32, in Platte Township, where he made great improvements, including the building of a fine residence and corresponding surroundings, which renders this one of the most desirable homes in the county. He was a PLATTE TOWNSHIP. ^ lO/I member of the M. E. Church for forty-five years, and a local preacher for twentyrcight years. He was faithful in his ministrations, and zealous for the faith. He died June 14, 1881, in triumph of a living faith. He was twice married. The first time to Miss Lavina Cornwall, in Jefferson County, Kentucky, July 30, 1835. They had four children : John W., James D., Reuben H., and Susan Elizabeth. She died in Illinois. December 22, 1842, he married Julia F. Gill, of Shelby County, Ken- tucky. They had three children, all of whom are dead, one son having died in the army. Reuben H. Gunn.only son of William S., was born in Jefferson County, Kentucky, March i, 1839, ^'^^, with his father, came to this place, and remained at home until he entered the army, in 1861, at Quincy, Illinois, joining the Fiftieth Illinois Volunteer Infantry, Company B., and remained through the war. He received a wound at Fort Donaldson, through the right arm. He was promoted to the rank of Orderly Sergeant, and was one of the most devoted, faithful officers in the regiment. He married Miss Mary Jennie Cox, of DeKalb, Octo- ber 10, 1 87 1. She was educated at the Convent of the Sacred Heart, St. Joseph. She was one of the most thorough scholars in the class, and won the love and esteem of them all. JOHN HYLAND, farmer and stock raiser, section 6, township 55, range 33, postoffice Frazer, was born in County Meown, Ireland, and was reared in his birth place until twelve years of age. He then bid farewell to the Emerald Isle and went to England, residing there until he reached his twenty-first year, when he sailed for the New World, and in due time' landed in the City of New York. He first settled in Connecticut, residing there some thirteen months, when he moved to Massachusetts, where he remained three years. Thence he moved to Cass County, Iowa, thence to Jeffer- son County, Kansas, where he remained some eight years. In July, 1844, he came to Buchanan County, and settled in the place he now resides. He owns 230 acres of well improved and well watered land, constituting one of the finest stock farms in the county. He also has on it a handsome residence. He commenced life a poor boy and has been entirely a self-made man, acquiring his means by honest and laborious industry. When he landed at New York City he had but one dollar in his pocket. He went to work, however, with a will, and has made a success of his life. He has never sought nor held an office in his life. He has been twice married ; first in 1857, to Miss Barbara Stokes- burry, a native of Tennessee. She died in 1862. He married again in 1863 to Miss Jane Motery, a native of Kentucky. They have been blessed with three children, James, Thomas and Mary. Himself and wife are members of the Methodist Church. I072 BIOGRAPHICAL. G. M. ROBERTS, farmer, section 12, postoff^ce Frazer, was born in Cla.y County, Missouri, November 16, 1839, and was raised a farmer. In 1840, he removed to Buchanan County, where he lived until 1846; he then removed to Andrew County, where lived until 1854, and then changed his residence to Platte County. He served four years in the Confederate army, and partici- pated in many of the important battles of the war. After being mus- tered out he returned to his home, and in 1866 removed to Platte County. In 1869, he removed to Kansas, and remained there until 1875, and then returned to Buchanan County, which has since been his home. His farm contains 168 acres, and is devoted to grain and stock raising. He married Miss Mary Leggett, March 4, 1858. She was born in Platte County, Missouri, February 11, 1839. They have nine children living; have lost two. Nicholas, born March 24, 1859; John W., born Septem- ber 12, 1861; George Price, born March 4, 1863, died May 4, 1863; Mary Delia, born May 20, 1866; .Nancy America, born December 2, 1867; James Emmett, born October 26, 1870; Sallie A., born February 12; 1873; Linda B., born October 22, 1874, died September 22, 1875; Alfred Thomas, born April 17, 1877; Charles William, born December 30, 1879. The youngest, Fannie Primrose, is deserving of more than passing notice, as she came as a Christmas gift to her parents December 25, 1880. Mr. and Mrs. Roberts and their daughter, Mary Delia, are con- ■ sistent members of the Baptist Church of Frazer, and the society finds in Mr. Roberts one of its staunchest supporters and most liberal con- tributors. While living in Wyandotte, Kansas, the society was largely indebted to him for their church edifice, and he and his brother-in-law own the ground on which the building is located. JUDGE JOHN ROHAN, a resident of Platte Township, and at one time a member of the county court, was born in Ireland, July 4, 1833. He emigrated to America and landed in Boston, Massachusetts, in 185 1. Shortly after his arrival he went to Ottawa, Illinois, in the neighborhood of which he had a brother living. He was for several years engaged in railroading in the capacity of superintendent and contractor. In 1855 he moved to Missouri and was for some time occupied as superintendent of the Missouri Pacific railroad, which was then being built through the state. In 1861 he began to sell goods in Platte County and opened a store in Newmarket. This business he conducted about three years, and, while thus engaged, in April, 1863, was married to Miss Carrie Hill, of that place, a native of Ray County, Missouri. He also carried on business at Camden Point. In 1866 he moved to Buchanan County and took charge of a store at ADDENDA— ST. JOSEPH. IO73 Matney's Mill. In 1867 he purchased his farm and residence in section 18, Township 55? Range 33. He also erected and conducted a store on this place. He has been a Democrat all his life. In 1874, at the urgent solicitation of his friends, he consented to run for the office of county judge, to which he wag nominated by the Democrats, and elected by a handsome majority. The duties of the position he discharged in a capable and acceptable manner. ADDENDA-ST. JOSEPH. THEODORE GRISWOLD, deceased, was born in Genoa, New York, in 1823, and, in 1859, came to ^t. Joseph, where, for many years, he was successfully engaged in the insur- ance business. After retiring from this vocation, he was employed as a clerk in a large mercantile house. He married Miss Clarrissa D. Hayes, in New York City, in 1850. They had five children : Theodore D., Lizzie J., Nellie, Ruth and Benjamin. Mr. Griswold died in 1877, leaving a loving family and a large circle of friends to mourn his loss. His eldest daughter. Miss Lizzie Griswold, graduated from the high school, in 1873, and is an excellent scholar and successful teacher. She was a teacher, for three years, in the St. Joseph Public Schools, and for four years has been principal in the Angelique Street School. -%:*^j!r**»H % U H- V