The date shows when this volume we 
 
 To renew this book couv the call \'o. and g. 
 
 i book copy the call Nc 
 the librarian. 
 
 HOME I 
 
 Cornell University Library 
 QL 561.T7S78 
 
 Insecta britannica. 
 
 3 1924 018 312 029 
 
INSECTA BRITANNIC A. 
 
 LEPIDOPTERA: 
 
 TINEINA. 
 
 H. T. STAINTON. 
 
 LONDON: 
 LOVELT, REEVE, HENRIETTA STREET, COVENT GARDEN. 
 
 1854. 
 
Q L-irL( 
 T7S7Z 
 
 1*1 IE *f 
 
 A . 3 5" V- X 3 
 
 WELL 
 [UNlV£tiSJTYI 
 \jJBRArtV^ 
 
 JOHN EDWARD TAYLOll, PKINTBR, 
 LITTLB QUPIIN STltKKT, LINCOLN'S INN FIELDS. 
 
PREFACE. 
 
 The object of this volume is to furnish descriptions of all the 
 species of Tineina (a group of Lepidopteua) at present known 
 to inhabit Great Britain, and at the same time to give as much 
 information concerning their habits and transformations as the 
 limited space would allow. Each species is carefully described 
 from actual specimens, and each genus is founded on the micro- 
 scopical investigation of all (or nearly all) the species comprised 
 in it. In some few instances, to avoid a premature multiplication 
 of genera, species are placed in a genus though not quite agreeing 
 with its essential characters; in such cases care has been taken 
 to point out wherein these differences consist, so that, should the 
 further progress of the science require the creation of new genera, 
 this will be facilitated by the details here given. The habits 
 noticed are in most instances the result of personal research, al- 
 though advantage has been taken of the observations of others 
 where there was no doubt to what species they were intended to 
 apply. The transformations of the species, from their great va- 
 riety, offer an endless field of amusement ; and my object being 
 to give full but concise details, general observations thereon are 
 placed at the commencement of each genus. In every case where 
 no observations occur concerning the larva of a species, it must 
 be understood that we are still unacquainted with it. As a rule, 
 
ijo descriptions of larvae are introduced, as the space would not 
 permit it. With reference to the synonymy, the works of the 
 principal writers were carefully gone over, and the descriptions 
 identified with known species, or set aside as undistinguishable. 
 The synonymy of the species described in this volume is given 
 more fully in the Catalogue of British Micro-Lepidoptcra (Tineina), 
 which I have been conducting through the press, for the Trustees 
 of the British Museum, simultaneously with this volume ; but 
 neither did that Catalogue, any more than the present volume, 
 admit of the introduction of critical disquisitions on the synonymy 
 of the species. 
 
 To have gone minutely and critically into the synonymy, to 
 have described the larva of each species and its entire habits in 
 detail, would have completely altered the design of this work ; but 
 I purpose at no distant date, in conjunction with others, to edit 
 a more detailed and voluminous work, 'The Natural History of 
 the Tineina.' 
 
 To avoid misconception, it is however necessary to remark that 
 the present volume does not — cannot contain descriptions of all 
 the British Tineina; the number of these is increasing upon us 
 daily; all that has therefore been accomplished has been to de- 
 scribe all the known and distinguished species : the latter expres- 
 sion is used advisedly, for it frequently happens that a so-called 
 new species is not really new, having lain dormant in our collec- 
 tions for years, but mixed with some other species, from which 
 we have only at length learnt to distinguish it. Consequently, 
 in addition to the new species that will be met with in the course 
 of a few years, it may be also found that many of the species of 
 this volume are little groups of species, which further investiga- 
 tions will enable us to separate ; and as the transformations of 
 many species not now known to us will be discovered, this volume 
 will gradually fall in arrear of the progressive science, and a new 
 edition will become requisite. 
 
Of the ten plates, which have been carefully executed by Mr. 
 Wing, eight illustrate the generic characters, one the various forms 
 of the larvae, and one the perfect insects of several of the most 
 important genera (especially representing those which have any 
 peculiarity in their posture when in repose). 
 
 It will be found by those who study this volume, that, even 
 with the help of the descriptions and the plates, it will be a matter 
 of considerable difficulty to name with certainty many species; 
 those who do not associate with other entomologists are not aware 
 to how great an extent the comparison of specimens with named 
 collections is carried. To all who meet with any difficulties of 
 this nature I offer my services ; and if they apply to me by letter 
 or personally, their wants shall be immediately attended to. In 
 order to be readily accessible without any previous appointment, 
 I have followed the example of the late Mr. Stephens, and " my 
 collections are thrown open for inspection, etc., every Wednesday 
 evening, to any gentleman, upon the presentation of his card." 
 
 In concluding the labour of my leisure hours of three succes- 
 sive winters, I have to express my sincere thanks to all those who 
 have assisted me, either by the loan of specimens (frequently 
 unique), by the communication of original observations, or in the 
 more laborious operations of denuding wings, preliminarily inves- 
 tigating genera, or reviewing the descriptions of species : assistance 
 on all these points has been so freely given, that I have felt my 
 position more that of an Editor, taking advantage of the labours 
 of others, than that of an Author; yet, at the same time, for all 
 the errors and imperfections of this book I am solely responsible. 
 
 H. T. Staintok. 
 
 MounUJicld, Lewisham, July 1st, 1854. 
 
EXPLANATION OF THE CONTRACTIONS IN THE 
 REFERENCES. 
 
 -Bjerkandcr, Nova 
 
 Bjerk. N. A. H. 
 Acta 1 1 1 ilin in-. 
 
 Bouche, Natur. — Bouchi, Naturge- 
 schichte dcr Insekten. 
 
 CI. I. — Clcrck, Iconcs Insectorum ra- 
 rioruni. 
 
 Curt. B. B. — Curtis, British Entomo- 
 logy. 
 
 Don. B. I. — Donovan, Natural His- 
 tory of British Insects. 
 
 Dougl. Ent. Trans.; Zool. — Douglas, 
 Transactions of the Entomological 
 Society of London ; Zoologist. 
 
 Dup. Cat. — Duponchel, Catalogue des 
 Ldpidopteres do France. 
 
 Dup. L. P. xi. ; Sup. iv. — Duponchel, 
 Lepidoptercs de France, vol. xi. ; and 
 Supplement, vol. iv. 
 
 Edl.— Edleston. 
 
 Evers. — Eversmann, Fauna Lcpidoptc- 
 rologica Volgo-Uralensis. 
 
 Fab. S. E. ; G. I. ; S. I. ; Man. ; E. S. ; 
 E. S. Sup. — Fabricius, -Systcma En- 
 tomologist ; Genera Iusectorum ; 
 Species Insectorum ; Mantissa Iu- 
 sectorum ; Entomologia Systematica ; 
 Entomologia! Systematica: Supplc- 
 mentum. 
 
 F.'v. R. — Fischer von Roslerstamm. 
 
 Four. — Fourcroy, Entomologia Parisi- 
 ensis. 
 
 Frcy, N. B. — Freyer, Noue Beitrage 
 zur Schmcttcrlingskunde. 
 
 Godai't. — Godart, Lepidoptercs J de 
 Franco, vol. v. 
 
 Goeze, E. B. — Gocze, Eutomologische 
 Beitrage, vol. iii. part 4. 
 
 Guenee. — Guenee, Index Methodicus 
 Micro-LcpidopterorumEuropscorum. 
 
 Haw. L. B. — Haworth, Lcpidoplera 
 Britannica. 
 
 H.-S.-Herrich-Schiiffcr,Systematische 
 Bearbeitung dcr Schmetterlinge von 
 Europa. 
 
 Hub. Tin.; V. — Hubner, Sammlung 
 Europiiischer Schmetterlinge ; Ver- 
 zeichuiss bekannter Schmetterlinge. 
 
 Hummel, Ess. Ent. — Hummel, Essais 
 Entomologiqucs. 
 
 Hump, et West. B. M. — Humphreys 
 and Wcstwood, British Moths, vol. ii. 
 
 Kollar, Verz. dcr uicd. ost. Schm. — 
 Kollar, Verzeichuiss der niedcroster- 
 rcichischen Schmetterlinge. 
 
 Lat. G. C. et I.; H. N.; R. A— La- 
 treille, Genera Crustaccorum et Iu- 
 sectorum ; Histoire Naturolle des 
 Crustace's et des Insectes ; le Regne 
 Animal. 
 
 Lewis, Ent. Mag.— Lewis, Entomolo- 
 gical Magazine. 
 
 Lin. F. S. ; S. N. — Linneeus, Fauna 
 Suecica ; Systema Naturae. 
 
 N. A. H. — Nova Acta Holinite. 
 
 Och. — Ochsenheimer, die Schmetter- 
 linge von Europa. 
 
 Panz. I. G. — Panzer, Fauna Iusectorum 
 Germanise. 
 
 Ratz. F. I. — Ratzeburg, Forst Insecten. 
 
 Retz. G. et S. — Retzius, Genera et 
 Species Insectorum. 
 
 Roemer, G. I. — Rocmer, Genera Insec- 
 torum Linuasi et Fabricii. 
 
 Rossi. — Rossi, Fauna Etrusca. 
 
 Schr. F. B. — Schrank, Fauna Boica. 
 
CONTRACTIONS. 
 
 Scriba, Beit. — Scriba, Bcitriige zu der 
 
 Insckten Geschichte. 
 Scop. E. C. — Scopoli, Entomologia 
 
 Carniolica. 
 
 Sta. Cat. ; Sup. Cat. ; Ent. Trans. ; 
 Zool. — Stainton, Catalogue of Bri- 
 tish Tineida; and Pteropboridoe ; 
 Supplementary Catalogue of British 
 Tineida; and Plcrophorida; ; Trans- 
 actions of the Entomological Society 
 of London ; Zoologist. 
 
 Step. H. ; Entom. — Stephens' Illustra- 
 tions of British Entomology, Haus- 
 tella, vol. iv. ; Entomologist. 
 
 Tengst. F. F.-F. — Tengstrom, Bidrag 
 till Finlands Fjaril-Fauna. 
 
 Thuu. I. S. ; M. N. A. U.— Thunberg, 
 Insecta Suecica ; Museum Natura- 
 lium Acadcmiic Upsalicnsis. 
 
 Treit. E. S.— Treitschke, die Schmet- 
 terlinge von Europa. 
 
 Vill. E. L. — Villcrs, Entomologia 
 Fauna; Succicic descriptionibus aucta, 
 Caroli Liunasi. 
 
 W. V. — Systcmatisehes Verzeichniss 
 dcrSchmetterlingcdcrWiencrgcgend. 
 
 Zcll. Isis; L. E. ; Ent. Ztg — Zeller, 
 Isis von Oken ; Liumca Entomolo- 
 gica ; Eutomologischc Zcitung. 
 
 Zett. I. L. — Zetterstedt, lusecta Lap- 
 ponica. 
 
 Z. g. S. — Zinckcn, geuannt Sommcr. 
 
INSECTA BRITANNICA. 
 
 LEPIDOPTERA. 
 
 Aim quatuor, squamis imbricatcc. 
 Os liaustellum maxillis cohmrentibus composiium. 
 Larva pedibus ad summum 16 instructa. 
 Metamorphosis perfccta. 
 
 Synonyma. 
 
 Lepidoplera, Linnsei, 1753, De Geer, aliommque auctorum. 
 Glossata, Fabricii, 1775. 
 
 Wings four, clothed with scales*, which are inserted on both sides of 
 the membrane ; mouth a tubular tongue\ composed of the united maxilla 
 protected on each side by the palpi J. The larva furnished at l/te most 
 with sixteen legs, rarely with less than ten. Metamorphosis complete, 
 i. e. the larva changes to a quiescent masked pupa, which differs both 
 from the larva and from the imago. 
 
 None of the insects of this order are liable to be mistaken for 
 any other, but several of the Trichoptera approximate so closely 
 to the Zepidojjtera, that it is with the greatest difficulty they can 
 
 * Sonic species of the Psyehida: have all the wings clothed with hairs, and in 
 some Bpecies of Incurcaria, Lampronia, Micropteryx, and NepHcula the posterior 
 wings arc furnished with hairs instead of scales. The females ot lleterogyius, Psyche, 
 and Talteporia, etc., are entirely destitute of wings. 
 
 t In sonic of the Psyehida, and in Aglossa, the tongue is absent. 
 
 \ The palpi arc sometimes wanting, e.g. Buccutatrix and some of the Psyehida. 
 
 VOL. III. B 
 
Uil'IDOl'TKIlA. 
 
 be distinguished ; and Acentropus has been placed in this order 
 by Westwood (Introd. to Mod. Classif. of Insects, vol. ii. p. 412), 
 and by Kolenati (Genera et Species Trichopterorum, p. 6), who 
 had himself taken forty specimens of the insect : it is possible that 
 future investigation, and the discovery of the primary states of 
 this insect, may show that their views of its affinities are well 
 founded. The llomopterous Aleyroclcs proletella was described 
 by Linnaeus as a Tinea, but the resemblance of the perfect insect 
 is very superficial. The resemblance of the Dipterous genus 
 Psychoda would appear to mislead some entomologists, Professor 
 Zcllcr having had specimens sent him to name as species of the 
 Psychidce. 
 
 The two main divisions of the Lepidoptera are : — 
 T. With the apex of the antennas thickened . . Riiopaloceua. 
 II. With the apex of the antennoe not thickened Heteroceka. 
 
 I. RIIOPALOCERA, Dumeril, Boisdnval. 
 
 Biurna, Latreille. 
 
 Antenna: apice incrassato, arliculis mediis elongatis. 
 AIcb in quiete erector, posteriores sine retinaculo. 
 Prothorax sine collari. 
 
 Antenna: with the apex incrassated (a few exceptions occur among the 
 Morphida) ; the middle joints elongated. Wings in repose erect (Iles- 
 peria malvarum and Tages sleep with the wings decumbent) ; the pos- 
 terior without a bristle. Prothorax without a collar (in the llesperida 
 there is a slight development of a collar). 
 
 II. HETEROCERA, Boisduval. 
 
 Antenna: setacea vel fusiformes, apice attenuate. 
 
 Ala in quiete plana, posteriores cum retinaculo vel sine eo. 
 
 Prothorax collari teclus. 
 
 Antenna, setaceous, or fusiform with the apex attenuated (Castnia forms 
 an exception, and was therefore placed by early writers among the 
 diurnal Lepidoplera ; the development of the collar, and the bristle of 
 the posterior wing, show that it. belongs to the Helerocerd) ; wings in 
 
LEPIDOPTERA. 6 
 
 repose flat (a few Geomelridee, e. g. Piniaria, lllustraria, Zebraria, etc., 
 sleep with the wings erect) ; posterior wings generally furnished with a 
 bristle, if it be wanting the form of the eosta* is sufficient to distin- 
 guish the insect from llhopalocera ; the prothorax covered by a collar. 
 
 Of the Heterocera there are nine groups, which arc thus di- 
 vided : — 
 
 a. Antennae fusiform 1- Sphingina. 
 
 a A. Antennas setaceous. 
 b. Wings undivided. 
 
 c. Wings with short cilia. 
 
 v>. Wings ample, the posterior gaily co- 
 loured, or more so than the anterior 
 wings. 
 
 E. Body thick, rather short, and poste- 
 riorly obtuse ; posterior legs hardly 
 longer than the middle pair . . 2. Bombycina. 
 e E. Body slender ; posterior legs con- 
 siderably longer than the middle 
 
 pair 4. Geometiuna. 
 
 u d. Wings moderate; the posterior of 
 dingy colours. Body moderate, pos- 
 teriorly attenuated 3. Noctuina. 
 
 d d d. Wings rather long, triangular. 
 
 Body slender, elongate 5. Pybalidina. 
 
 d d d d. Wings broad, the anterior sub- 
 truncate; the eosta at the base sud- 
 denly convex • • 6. Tortbicina. 
 
 c c. Wings with long or very long cilia. 
 
 Wings elongate ; body slender ... 7. Tineina. 
 b B. Wings divided. 
 
 F. Anterior wings bifid ; posterior trifid . 8. Pterophorina. 
 f F. Each wing divided into six . . . . 9. Alucitina. 
 
 The first four of these groups, with the Rhopalocera, are fre- 
 quently called Macro-Lepidoptera ; the remaining five being 
 termed Micro- Lcpi doptera : there is a certain convenience in 
 these terms, as they will apply to the average size of the insects 
 in the respective groups, for of course there are many exceptions 
 of small species among the Macro-Lepidoptera, and large species 
 among the Micro-Lepidoptera. 
 
 * In the Rhopalocera the bristle appears absent, because prolonged into an entire 
 ncrvure, which is in the membrane; in the llcln-occra this membrane is wanting, 
 wherefore the costal cell is narrow and the ncrvure abbreviated to a bristle. 
 
* I-E1>ID0PTE1(A. 
 
 1. SPHINGINA, Stainton. 
 Orepuscularia, Stephens. 
 
 Antenna fusiformes, i. e. in medio crassiores, utrinque altenuata, subpris- 
 
 matica. 
 
 The antenna fusiform, i. e. thicker in the middle, attenuated at each 
 end, subprismatic. 
 
 2. BOMBYCINA, Stainton. 
 
 Pomeridiana, Nocturna partim (Lithosiidee), et Semidiurna partim 
 (Platyptcricidse), Stephens. 
 
 Antenna setacea, plerumque pectinata, viz thorace longiores. Ocelli 
 
 Willi. 
 
 Corpus crassum, breviusculum, postice oblusum. 
 
 Pedes poslici mediis vix longiores. 
 
 Ala ampla, anteriores sine pictura lypica, posteriores late colorata. 
 
 Larva non minus 14 pedibus instructa. 
 
 Antenna setaceous, mostly pectinated (Lithosia and Platypteryx have 
 simple setiform antenna!), hardly longer than the thorax. Ocelli none, 
 excepting in the Chelonida. Body thick, rather short, and posteriorly 
 obtuse. Posterior legs hardly longer than the middle pair. Wings broad, 
 the anterior without any typical markings (<?. g. the markings of the Sa- 
 tumida are quite different from those of the Chelonida, Liparida, etc. ; 
 thus not as in the Noctuina). Posterior wings bright-coloured, frequently 
 more vivid than the anterior wings (thus not so much contrasted as in 
 the Noctuina) ; the larva with not fewer than fourteen feet. 
 
 3. NOCTUINA, Stainton. 
 
 Noctuae, Boisduval. 
 Noctuidse, Ilerrick-Schriffer. 
 Nocturna (excl. Lithosiidce), Stephens. 
 
 Antenna setacea, raro pectinata, thorace longiores. Ocelli plerisque. 
 
 Corpus mediocre, postice attenuatum. 
 
 Pedes poslici mediis longiores. 
 
 Ala mediocres, anteriores longiuscula, signis conslantibus picta, posteriores 
 
 latiuscula obsolete colorata. 
 Larva non minus 12 pedibus instructa. 
 
 Antenna setaceous, rarely pectinated, most frequently ciliated, longer 
 than the thorax (except in Cocytia). Ocelli in most. Body moderate, 
 posteriorly attenuated ; posterior legs longer than the middle pair. Wings 
 moderate; anterior rather long, adorned with characteristic markings 
 
LEl'IUOPTERA. 5 
 
 (the three spots on the middle of the wing, and the three transverse 
 lines, vary only in intensity or sharpness of design) ; posterior wings 
 rather broad, of dingy colours (Catocala and a few others differ, forming 
 a section more allied to the Geometrina). 
 
 Though few would mistake a Noctua for a Bombyx, it is not 
 easy to define in words distinctive characters which shall be con- 
 stant. 
 
 4. GEOMETRINA, Stainton. 
 
 Geometric, Boisduval. 
 
 Geometridiu, Stephens; Herrich-Schaffer. 
 
 Antenna: setacea (saspe ciliatse aut pectinata:), thorace longiores. Ocelli 
 
 nulli. 
 Co/pus gracile. 
 
 Pedes poslici mediis sensim longiores. 
 Alee ainpla, tenera, posleriores laele colorata. 
 Larva pedibus 10 instructa. 
 
 Antenna setaceous, frequently ciliated or pectinated, longer than the 
 thorax. Ocelli none. Body slender (Boarmia and Bislon have the body 
 thick, and thereby resemble the Bombycina, from which they are however 
 distinguished by the larvae). Wings broad, of slight structure, the pos- 
 terior gaily coloured (those species which have the posterior wings 
 covered in repose have only the rudiments of markings on the project- 
 ing inner margin). Larva with ten feet (in some there are one or two 
 pair more of ill-developed ventral feet ; otherwise the larva gives the 
 most certain character of this group). 
 
 5. PYRALIDINA, Stainton. 
 
 Crambides, Ilcrrich-SchoJI'cr. 
 l'yralides ct Crambides, Guene'e. 
 Pyralidse et Crambidee, Stephens. 
 
 Antenna setacea, rarius pectinata, thorace plus duplo longiores. Ocelli 
 
 plerisque. 
 Corpus gracile, elongatum. 
 Pedes elougaii, posleriores reliquis longiores. 
 
 Ala longius triangulares, rarius subparallela, mediocriter ciliata, posle- 
 riores picla, tribus rarius duabus venis subdorsalibus Uberis. 
 Antenna setaceous, but rarely pectinated (Hcrmiuia), more than twice 
 the length of the thorax. Ocelli in most (the ocelli arc wanting in Cala- 
 clysta lemnalis, the Galleria, Aneraslia, etc.). Body slender, elongated. 
 Legs long, the posterior longer than the others. II Ings rather long, tri- 
 angular, rarely subparallel {e.g. the Galleria, Phycidea, and many 
 
6 LEPIDOPTEEA. 
 
 Crambi), with moderately long cilia (the Crambida have the cilia a little 
 longer than the other families, yet not as long as in the Tine'uia) ; pos- 
 terior wings adorned with markings (excepting the Crambida), with three, 
 rarely with two free subdorsal tiervures (the Crambida have three, in 
 complete accordance with the Botydes; Chilo agrees in everything so 
 closely with Pyralis angustalis that not even the length of the cilia 
 serves as a distinctive character, only is the colouring of the posterior 
 wings less developed). 
 
 The removal of the Crambida: into this group had long been 
 rendered probable, from the extreme difficulty of otherwise finding 
 a suitable position for Eudorea, which indeed has alternately been 
 placed in each family ; its triangular position in repose and un- 
 convoluted wings separating it from the Crambi, whereas its gene- 
 ral appearance caused it ill to accord with the Pi/ralida. There 
 is no denying that some of the Pi/ralidm have great affinities 
 with the Noctuina, indeed Ilerminia is placed by Herrich-Sehafl'cr 
 among the latter ; but this only corroborates what has so frequently 
 been ascertained, that no linear arrangement of species can be in 
 exact accordance with a natural system : if the Pyralides be placed 
 in juxtaposition with the Noctuina, the Bombgcoidal-Geometrinq 
 might be with equal justice placed next to the Bombi/cina. 
 
 6. TORTRIC1NA, Stainton. 
 
 Tortricidas, Stephens ; Herrich-Schdffer. 
 Platyomidae, Duponchel. 
 
 Antenna setacea, thorace multo longiores, rarissiine ciliala. Ocelli om- 
 nibus ? 
 
 Corpus mediocre, postice subobtusum. 
 
 Alee lata, mediocriter ciliatce, anteriores subtruncatai, costa e basi subilo 
 convexa, posteriores latiuscula, trapczoidales, sine pictura. 
 
 Larva 16 pedibus inslrucla. 
 
 C/uysalis abdominis segmentis spinuloso-coronatis. 
 
 Antenna: setaceous, much longer than the thorax, very rarely ciliated 
 (Amphisa <£). Ocelli always? present. Body moderate, posteriorly 
 rather blunt. Wings broad, with moderately long cilia (hardly longer 
 than in the Crambida) ; the anterior subtruncale ; the costa at the base 
 abruptly convex ; the posterior rather broad, trapezoidal, without markings 
 (the Choreutida appear to be more properly placed among the Pyrali- 
 dina, where they are the analogues of the JEchmia). Larva with six- 
 teen feet ; pupa with spiny coronets on the segments of the abdomen (ex- 
 ceptions, Quercana, Chlorand). 
 
 The palpi of the Tortrhina arc also extremely characteristic of 
 
UBKDOPTEEA. I 
 
 the group, but not beiiig used to distinguish the other groups, 
 are not included in the essential characters ; they arc rather short, 
 triangular, compressed, with thin, short, not recurved terminal 
 joint. 
 
 7. TINEINA, Slainton. 
 
 Tineacea, Zeller. 
 
 TineidiB, Duponchel, Herrkk-ScMJfer. 
 
 Tineida: partim el Yponomeutidas, Stephens. 
 
 Antenna setacea, raro pectinata vet ciliata, corpore longiores. Ocelli 
 
 adsunt rarius. 
 Corpus graclle. 
 Ala elongala, longe vet longissime ciliata, praserlim posleriores, ha raro 
 
 elongato-trapezoidales, plerumque sensim altenuala, sine piclura. 
 Larva 16 ant U pedibus instrucla. 
 
 Antenna setaceous, rarely pectinated or ciliated, longer than the body. 
 Ocelli rarely present. Body slender. Wings elongate, with long or very 
 long cilia (this is probably the most distinctive character of the Tineina ; 
 indeed there appears to be a gradual progression from the Diurnal 
 Lepidoplera, where the cilia are shortest, to the Plerophorina and Alu- 
 citina) , more especially the posterior pair ; these are rarely of an elongate- 
 trapezoidal form (in Depressaria, Semioscopis, and Euplocamus, the pos- 
 terior wings are rather broad, but have not the form or shortness of 
 those of the Tortricina ; Ilypercallia has regular Tortriciform posterior 
 wings, but the antenna; and palpi show it to be a true member of the 
 Tineina), mostly remarkably attenuated, without markings. The larva 
 generally with sixteen, many toith fourteen feet ; the development of the 
 feet varies greatly. 
 
 8. PTEPOPHORINA, Slainton. 
 
 Pterophoridic, Zeller ; Ilerrich-Schuffer. 
 Pterophorites, Duponchel. 
 Alucitida; pars, Stephens. 
 
 Antenna setacea. 
 
 Corpus graclle, elongatum, pictum. 
 
 Pedes elongali. 
 
 Ala longe ciliata, anleriores bifida, posleriores Irifida. 
 
 Antenna setaceous. Body slender, elongated, with markings. Legs 
 elongated. Wings with long cilia, the anterior bifid, the posterior trifid. 
 {Agdistes has the wings entire, but the place where the fissure of the 
 anterior wings should be is scantily furnished w r ith scales.) 
 
9. ALUCTTINA, Zeller. 
 
 Orncoditcs, Duponchel. 
 Orncodidse, Herrich-Schajj'er. 
 Alticitidae pars, Stephens. 
 
 Antenna setacea. 
 
 Corpus graoile, breve, pictum. 
 
 Alee longe ciliata, singula sexparlita. 
 
 Antenna setaceous. Body slender, short, with markings. Wings with 
 long cilia, each divided into six. 
 
 The Tineina, which form the subject of this volume, are an 
 extremely interesting group in many respects. It has been the 
 remark of every writer, that the smaller the species the more splen- 
 did the colouring and the more sharply-defined the markings; 
 but one of the greatest points of attraction to the study of this 
 group is afforded by the endless variety in the habits of the spe- 
 cies. It is precisely among the smallest species that we find the 
 characters of the families most strongly defined; and whereas 
 among the larger species it is extremely difficult to arrange them 
 in families with good distinctive characters, in the smaller species 
 no such difficulty exists. 
 
 The most generally known species of this group arc those in- 
 cluded in the genus Tinea, which are commonly termed " clothes- 
 moths;" these however give but a very faint idea of the whole 
 group, which arc mostly vegetable-feeders, and, with some few 
 exceptions, do not cause us any great amount of injury; on the 
 other hand, from their small size and secluded mode of living, 
 their beauties are seldom displayed to any but those who collect 
 them. 
 
 The larvae of many construct portable cases, of which that of 
 Tinea pellionella is but a too familiar instance, being found abun- 
 dantly in houses, on furs or coats that have been put away and 
 neglected. Some few larvae live entirely exposed, but more fre- 
 quently they shelter themselves between united leaves, or by 
 drawing together the terminal shoots of plants, thus betraying 
 themselves to the experienced eye, and being far easier found than 
 if the larvae were themselves exposed to view ; the great bulk of 
 the smaller families mine between the cuticles of leaves, and the 
 consequent ease with which they may be detected is surprising, 
 
for the mined place becoming discoloured can be distinguished 
 from a considerable distance; and not only so, but the mined 
 place remains a sign-post that such a larva had been feeding there 
 as long as the leaf remains on the plant ; thus, whereas in the 
 Rhopalocera and larger groups of the Ilelerocera, it would be im- 
 possible, from the sight of a half-eaten leaf, to name the species 
 or even the genus to which the larva that had eaten it belonged, 
 in the smaller families of the Tineina not the slightest difficulty 
 occurs. 
 
 Some of the perfect insects fly during the hot sunshine, but the 
 greater portion fly in the early morning or in the evening twilight. 
 That many species fly during the night I have palpable demonstra- 
 tion, from the numbers that have occasionally been attracted by 
 my light. 
 
 The summer months, May to August, are those in which the 
 Tineina most abound; in September and October they are far 
 more plentiful than is usually imagined, only that after the middle 
 of August they keep themselves so well concealed, and so rarely 
 stir abroad, that they are scarcely ever seen, but by collecting the 
 larvae previously the perfect insects may be freely bred in those 
 months. 
 
 In the winter months but very few species emerge from the pupa 
 state, though many of those hatched in the autumn hybernate, 
 and are seen commonly in the spring (as, for instance, Depressaria 
 applana). 
 
 The great bulk of the species pass the winter in the larva state, 
 generally without feeding ; some, whose tastes are adapted for the 
 consumption of decaying wood, of which a supply is at all seasons 
 available, continue to feed throughout the winter, and some, which 
 feed on plants whose stems or leaves remain through the winter, 
 also abstain from fasting. 
 
 Little is as yet known of the geographical distribution of this 
 group, but few species having been collected out of Europe ; with 
 regard to the European species there is this peculiarity, that the 
 species seem far more generally distributed than we And to be the 
 case in the larger groups of Lepidoptera, and if it be true that 
 England was separated from Europe before the Rhopalocera were 
 distributed over that continent (hence accounting for the extreme 
 paucity of species with us), the Tineina must have preceded the 
 Rhopalocera, since of the continental species by far the greater 
 portion arc indigenous to these islands. 
 
 The families of the Tineina which are represented in this country 
 may be arranged in the following table : — 
 
a. Wings of the ? much less developed than 
 in the (J , short and pointed. Posterior 
 wings of the J 1 broad, not emarginated . 1. Exapatid./e. 
 a a. Wings of the $ wanting. (Tineidie 
 
 pars.) 
 AAA. Wings of the $ as fully developed as 
 in the J 1 . 
 
 B. Antennae not porrected in repose, 
 c. Antennte with basal joint not expanded 
 into an eye-cap. 
 D. Labial palpi short and thick. 
 E. Anterior wings oblong ; maxil- 
 lary palpi generally well deve- 
 loped 2. Tineid^;. 
 
 E E. Anterior wings elongate; maxil- 
 lary palpi never developed. 
 f. Posterior wings ovato-lanceo- 
 late. {ITyponomeulidee pars.) 
 f f. Posterior wings lanceolate . 7. AnoVRESTHin/E. 
 i) d. Labial palpi rather short, termi- 
 nal joint pointed. 
 
 g. Anterior wings elongate ; cilia 
 of the posterior wings not nearly 
 so long as the breadth of the 
 
 posterior wings 3. PIyponomeutid/e. 
 
 g g. Anterior wings oblong ; cilia 
 of the posterior wings nearly as 
 long or longer than the breadth 
 
 of the posterior wings . . . 6. Gl,YPHIPTEBT&IDjE. 
 d d d. Labial palpi long and pointed. 
 H. Posterior wings broad or emar- 
 ginated before the apex . . . B. Gelechid*. 
 h H. Posterior wings narrow, not 
 emarginated before the apex. 
 I. Maxillary palpi ill-developed, 
 hardly perceptible; the perfect 
 insect reposes flat on the sur- 
 face on which it rests . . .10. ELACHiSTiDiE. 
 i I. Maxillary palpi well - deve- 
 loped, filiform, projecting ; the 
 perfect insect reposes with its 
 head elevated, the body form- 
 ing an angle of 30° with the 
 surface on which it rests . 8. ObnichiDjE. 
 u d d d. Labial palpi short, obtuse, 
 and drooping. Posterior wings lan- 
 ceolate 11. LlTHOCOLLETID*!. 
 
KXAPATJD*. 1 1 
 
 c. Antennas with basal joint expanded 
 into an eye-cap. 
 
 K. Antennae more than half the length 
 
 of the anterior wings .... 12. Lyonetid.*. 
 k K. Antennae not half the length of 
 
 the anterior wings 13. Nepticulid*. 
 
 b I). Antennae ponected in repose. 
 
 l. Head rough. Anterior wings oblong 
 or elongate 4. PlutellidjE. 
 
 1 L. Head smooth. Anterior wings lan- 
 ceolate 9. ColeophoridjE. 
 
 Family I. EXAPATIDvE. 
 
 Aim maris amploe, fcemina valde abbreviate et acuminata. Antennas 
 crassiusculae, pubescentes vel dense ciliatse. Haustellum breve, aut 
 nullum. Palpi labiales breves, aut longiusculi ; palpi maxillares de- 
 sunt. Larva 16 pedibus iustructa; tertio pari claviformi ; inter folia 
 victitat. 
 
 Wings of the males of large size, of the females extremely abbreviated 
 and pointed. Antenna: rather thick, pubescent or densely ciliated. 
 Tongue short or entirely wanting. Labial palpi short or moderately 
 long ; maxillary palpi undeveloped. Larva: with sixteen legs, the third 
 pair club-shaped. This character does not appear quite universal in 
 this family ; it occurs both in Sulicella and Fagella, but in 1'hryganella, 
 according to Mdme. Lienig's observations (Isis, 184G, p. 2G9), this 
 peculiarity is restricted to the young larva: of the males; the adult 
 male larvae and the female larvae always having the third pair of legs 
 of the ordinary form, and the larva: of Gelatella never have this peculiar 
 formation of the third pair of legs. 
 
 This family contains three genera, consisting of four species, 
 and no other European species are at present known. 
 
 The larvae feed in the summer and autumn between united 
 leaves, and the perfect insects appear at the commencement of 
 winter (when C. PhnjganeUa may frequently be observed on the 
 wing iu the day-time), or early in the spring. 
 
 The three genera may be readily distinguished as follows : — 
 Tongue none. 
 
 Labial palpi of the <J very short. 1. Exapate. 
 Labial palpi porrected. 2. Dasystoma. 
 Tongue short. 
 
 Labial palpi ascending ; terminal joint smooth and pointed. 3. 
 Chimabacche. 
 
12 BXASA.TED.ffi. 
 
 Genus I. EXAPATE. 
 
 Exapate, Hub. V. 387 (1817). Cheimaplmsia, Curt. Oxypale, Step. 
 Cheimonophila, Dup. Diumea p., Haw. Lemmulophila p., Treit. 
 Exapate p., Zell. 
 Caput supcrne ac in fronte hirsutum. Ocelli supra oculos. Antennae 
 crassiuscute, $ pubesccntes, ? pilis parce vestitrc. Palpi labiales 
 (<J) brevissimi, pilis vestiti ( $ longiores, porreeti). Haustellum 
 nullum. Ala) mcdiocriter ciliatoc, anteriores oblongo-ovala) ( $ an- 
 gustatse, abbreviatse), posteriorcs ovata: ( ? nullse) ; anteriores : vena 
 apicalis simplex ante apicem exit, infra earn vena; sex, quarum ultima 
 a peuultima longe distant, submediana abest, subdorsals furoa supe- 
 rior obsoleta ; posteriores : vena apicalis longe furcata supra et infra 
 apicem exit, infra cam venaj duoe e venula transversa angulata, me- 
 diana bifida. 
 
 Head above and in front hairy. Ocelli placed above the eyes. An- 
 tennae rather thick, in the <J pubescent, in the $ sparingly clothed 
 with hairs. Labial palpi of the £ very short, clothed with hairs, of 
 the $ longer and porrectcd. Tongue wanting. Wings with moderate 
 cilia, the anterior in the $ oblong-ovate, in the $ very narrow and 
 very short, the posterior in the <J ovate, in the °. wanting. In the 
 anterior wings the simple apical vein runs into the costa before the 
 apex, below it are six veins, of which the last is at a considerable dis- 
 tance from the penultimate, the submediau vein is not indicated, and 
 the upper branch of the subdorsal vein is obsolete. In the posterior 
 wings the apical vein is extensively forked , terminating above and below 
 the apex of the wing, beneath it are two veins from the angulated trans- 
 verse vein, the median vein is bifid. 
 
 There is only one species in this genus. The perfect insect ap- 
 pears at the end of autumn, and is occasionally met with on old 
 palings at night; the larva feeds in the summer (according to 
 Lienig and Preyer) between united leaves of hawthorn and other 
 plants (but according to other observers, in decayed wood). 
 
 1. gelatella, L. F. S. 1450 (17G1) ; Fab.; Treit.; Step.; Frey. 
 N. B. pi. 150. f. 2; Dup. — gelatana, Hub. Alis anticis grisco-fuscis 
 vix purpurascenti-tinctis, costam versus saturatioribus, vitta lata disci a 
 basi fere ad margincm posticum albida, in qua macula ante medium, 
 alteraque cellulam discoidalem terminante saturate fuscis, macula parva 
 fusca supra plicam pone medium, macula costali apicem versus saturate 
 fusca, punctisque parvis marginis postici saturate fuscis; ? alis anticis 
 brevissimis, angustissimis, albido-griseis fusco-marginatis. Exp. al. $ 
 (H lin. ; $ 4 lin. 
 
 Head, face, and palpi black. Antennae dark grey. Anterior wings 
 greyish-fuscous, with a slight purplish gloss, towards the costa rather 
 darker, and with a broad streak on the disc, from the base to near the 
 
DASYSTOMA. 13 
 
 hinder margin whitish ; in this before the middle is a dark fuscous spot, 
 and another dark fuscous spot lies in the streak at the termination of 
 the discoidal cell, below which, but above the fold, is a small fuscous 
 spot ; on the costa rather before the apex is a dark fuscous spot, and 
 there are some small fuscous spots along the hinder margin ; cilia pale 
 grey. Posterior wings pale greyish-fuscous, with paler cilia. 
 
 The female has the anterior wings very short and extremely narrow, 
 whitish-grey, with the margins somewhat fuscous. 
 
 South of England, November and December; not common. 
 
 Genus II. DASYSTOMA. 
 
 Dasystoma, Curt. Ent. Mag. i. 190 (1 833) ; Step. Biurnea p., Haw. 
 Cheimophila p., Hiib. Lemmalophila p., Treit. ; Dup. Exapate p., 
 Zell. 
 Caput pilis decumbentibus vestitum, epistomio tevigato. Ocelli supra 
 oculos. Antennae crassiuscute, <$ dense ciliatre. Palpi labiales por- 
 recli, pilis vestiti. Haustellum nullum. Ate mediocriter ciliatse, 
 anteriores oblongo-ovatse ( $ angustatoe, abbreviate), posteriores 
 ovataa ( ? nulte) ; anteriores : vena apicalis furcala supra et infra 
 apicem exit, infra earn vena} qualuor, ultima parum curva, subdor- 
 sal furcata ; posteriores : vena apicalis simplex ante apicem exit, 
 infra earn venre dua: e veuula transversa, vena mediana bifida. 
 Head dotted with decumbent hairs, in front smooth. Ocelli placed 
 above the eyes. Antenna! rather thick, in the <£ densely ciliated. La- 
 bial palpi porrected, clothed with hairs. Tongue wanting. Wings with 
 moderate cilia, the anterior in the $ oblong-ovate, in the ? extremely 
 narrow and very short, the posterior in the £ ovate, in the ? wanting. 
 In the anterior wings the furcate apical vein terminates in the costa, 
 and in the hinder margin ; below it are four veins, of which the last is 
 slightly curved ; the subdorsal vein is furcate. In the posterior wings 
 the simple apical vein terminates on the costa immediately before the 
 apex, below it are two veins from the transverse vein ; the median vein 
 is bifid. 
 
 There is only one species in this genus; the perfect insect 
 appears in the spring among sallows, flying by day; the larva 
 feeds in the summer and autumn between united leaves of sallow, 
 the third pair of feet are club-shaped (according to Lienig, but 
 not so according to Frej/er). 
 
 1. Salicella, Hiib. Tin. f. 9 (1801); Treit.; Curt.; Step.; Frey.; 
 Dup.; Lienig. — Salicis, Haw. Alis anticis dilute griseo-fuscis roseo- 
 suffusis, disco dilutiore, macula transvcrsali saturate fusoa fere in medio, 
 punctis duobus disci fere conuexis pone medium, marginc postico sa- 
 
14 EXAPAT1D/E. 
 
 turatiore fusco ; ? alis nnticis brcvissimia angustissimis dilute griseis 
 (vix roseo-suffusis) fasciis duabus nigris, altera in medio, altera ante 
 apicem. Exp. al. <$ 8 lin. ; $ 3j lin. 
 
 Head, face, and palpi reddish-fuscous. Antennas dark fuscous. An- 
 terior wings pale greyish-fuscous, with a strong rosy tint, palest on the 
 disc, with a dark fuscous fascia-form mark nearly in the middle, and two 
 dark fuscous spots on the disc, almost united, beyond the middle ; hinder 
 margin rather dark fuscou9 ; cilia pale reddish-fuscous. Posterior wings 
 fuscous, towards the base rather paler, with pale fuscous cilia. 
 
 The female has the anterior wings extremely abbreviated and very 
 narrow, pale grey, with a very slight rosy tint, with a black fascia in 
 the middle, and another immediately before the apex. 
 
 England and (south of Scotland ?) ; April ; not uncommon. 
 
 Genus III. CHIM ABAC CHE. 
 
 Ciiimabacciie, Zell. Isis 1839, p. 181. Diurnea, Curt. Diurnea p., 
 Haw. Lemmaiopkila p., Tr. Chimabacche et Cheimophila p., Hub. 
 Cheimophila ct Diurnea, Step. Diurnea et Lemmatoph'da p., l)up. 
 Capilli supeme subereeti, in fronte decumbentes. Ocelli nulli. An- 
 tenna; crassiusculic, <J deuse ciliatse, vel pubescentes. Palpi labiales 
 adscendentes, articulo secuudo dense squamato, tartio lavi acuto. 
 Haustellum breve, basi parce squamata. Ala; mediocriter ciliatae, 
 nnteriores oblongo-ovata; ( $ abbreviataj acuminata?), posteriores 
 ovatae ( ? abbreviate acuminatic) ; anteriores : vena apicalis furcata 
 supra et infra apicem exit, infra earn vena) quinque, ultima parum 
 curva, subdorsalis furcata ; posteriores : vena apicalis simplex ante 
 apicem exit, infra earn vena; dure e venula transversa, mediana tri- 
 JiJa. 
 
 Head above with the hairs rather erect, in front smooth. Ocelli 
 none. Antenna; rather thick, in the <J densely ciliated or pubescent. 
 Labial palpi ascending ; the second joint thickly scaled; the terminal 
 joint smooth and pointed. Tongue short, with a few scales at the base. 
 Wings with moderate cilia ; the anterior in the $ oblong-ovate, in the 
 $ short and pointed ; the posterior in the <J ovate, in the ? short and 
 narrow. In the anterior wings the furcate apical vein terminates in 
 the costa, and in the hinder margin ; below it are fwe veins, of which 
 the last is slightly curved ; the subdorsal vein is furcate. In the pos- 
 terior wings the simple apical vein terminates in the costa before the 
 apex; below it are two veins from the transverse vein; the median 
 vein is trijhl. 
 
 This genus comprises only two species,' one of which appears in 
 autumn, the other in spring; from I he structure of the palpi and 
 antenna; they may be separated thus : — 
 
CIIIMABACCHE. 15 
 
 a. Third joint of the palpi erect, rather long. Antenna? of the $ 
 
 densely ciliated. Species 1. 
 a a. Third joint of the palpi ascending, rather short. Antenna? of the 
 
 cJ pubescent. Species 2. 
 
 1. phryganella, Hub. Tin. f. 10 (1801) ; Haw. ; Treit. ; Step. ; 
 Dup. ; Lienig. ? Novembris, Haw. : Step. ; Curt. B. E. fo. 743. Alis 
 anticis dilute brunneis, costam versus saturatioribus, squamis sparsis 
 disci albidis, macnlis duabus fere obsoletis fuscis, altera in medio, 
 altera pone medium ; ? alis anticis brevibus et postice ncutissimis, 
 albido-griseis, fusco-signatis, stria angulata saturate fusca in medio, 
 utrum margincm non attingente, punctis duobus disci, maculaque ob- 
 liqua transvcrsali apicein versus saturate fuscis. Exp. al. <? 10 j lin. ; 
 
 ? 8 lin. 
 
 Head and face reddish-grey. Palpi fuscous ; the base of the second 
 joint greyish-ochrcous ; terminal joint ochreous, with a fuscous ring 
 before the apex. Antenna? greyish, annulated with fuscous. Anterior 
 wings rather pale brown, darker towarks the costa, with some scattered 
 whitish scales on the disc, and two faintly indicated oblique fuscous 
 blotches, one in the middle, the other beyond the middle ; before the 
 apex near the costa is a faint fuscous blotch ; cilia pale fuscous. Poste- 
 rior wings fuscous, with paler cilia. 
 
 The female has the anterior wings short, and posteriorly extremely 
 acute, whitish-grey, marked with fuscous ; in the middle is a dark 
 fuscous or black angulated mark, not reaching either margin, beyond 
 are two dark fuscous spots on the disc, followed by an oblique dark 
 fuscous fascia-form mark. 
 
 Generally distributed. The perfect insect appears in October 
 and November ; the S flying freely in the daytime, the ? may be 
 found resting on the trunks of trees. The larva (according to 
 Lienig) feeds in June on oaks; that of the c? when young having 
 the third pair of feet club-shaped. 
 
 2. Fagella, W.V. 135.31 (1770) ; Fab.; IIiib.; Treit.; Step.; 
 Dup. L. F. xi. pi. 287. f. 1, 2. — Vagi, Fab. ■ Haw. ; var. Bormoyella, 
 Dup. L. F. xi. pi. 287. f. 3, 4. Alis anticis albidis lutescentibusve, 
 fusco (interdum valde) suffusis, stria angulata saturate fusca ante me- 
 dium, infra plicam interrupta et dorsum non attingente, punctis duobus 
 disci fere in medio (inferiore posteriore), tertio disci pone medium, 
 striaquo transvcrsali cellulam discoidalcm tcrminante, saturate fuscis, 
 striga obsoleta angulata ac indentata margincm posticum versus, mar- 
 gine postico apiceque costa saturate fuseo-punctatis ; <j> alis anticis 
 angustioribus brevioribus, apice acuto, saturatioribus, signis obsoletiori- 
 bus. Exp. al. <J 13 lin.; $ 9 lin. 
 
 Head and face whitish-grey, mixed with fuscous. Palpi whitish- 
 grey, mixed with fuscous ; tip of the terminal joint pale-ochreous. 
 Antenna? whitish-grey, annulated with fuscous. Anterior wings whitish, 
 more or less inclining to yellowish, suffused (sometimes very much so) 
 
16 TINEIDJE. 
 
 with fuscous scales, with an ongulatcd dark fuscous striga before the 
 middle, interrupted however soon after crossing the fold, and not reach- 
 ing to the inner margin ; on the disc, nearly in the middle, are two 
 small dark fuscous spots, of which the lower one is the posterior, an- 
 other dark fuscous spot lies on the disc a little beyond the middle, 
 and at the termination of the discoidal cell is a small transverse dark 
 fuscous streak ; towards the hinder margin is a faint, angulated, and 
 indented striga ; the hinder margin and apex of the costa arc spotted 
 dark, with fuscous; cilia whitish, interrupted with fuscous opposite the 
 marginal spots. Posterior wings rather pale-grey, darker posteriorly 
 with whitish cilia. 
 
 The female has the anterior wings narrower, shorter, and abruptly 
 acute, generally darker than in the male, and the markings less distinct. 
 
 An abundant species throughout the country, sitting on the 
 trunks of trees during the cold showery weather of April. The 
 larva (with the third pair of feet club-shaped) is polyphagous, 
 feeding between united leaves in September and October. I have 
 found it on birch, sallow, and mountain-ash. 
 
 Family II. TINEID^). 
 
 Caput lanatum ; palpi labiates breves, crassi ; palpi maxillarcs plerisquc 
 
 B- vel 6-articulati. Larva saccophora, vel in fungis intra cuniculos 
 
 sericeos vivens. 
 
 Head rough, having a woolly appearance (Lampronia and some of the 
 Adda: are exceptions) ; labial palpi short and thick ; maxillary palpi in 
 many of the genera extremely developed, five- or six-jointed ; antenna! 
 extremely variable, pectinated, ciliated, or simple, short, of moderate 
 length, or very long; tongue rarely absent. Larva case-bearers, or 
 feeding in fungi, or decayed wood, in galleries lined with silk, or in the 
 pith of the steins of plants. The larva; of the singular genus Oc/tsen- 
 heimeria burrow down the stems of grass. 
 
 It is to this family that those pests of our houses, the clothes- 
 moths, belong ; they form the bulk of the genus Tinea, but only 
 a few species annoy us by their ravages. 
 
 The first two genera, having apterous females, are the represen- 
 tatives of the Fumece amongst the Tiueina. The three last genera 
 of this family (the long-horns) might at first sight appear to form 
 a natural group by themselves, but the development of the maxil- 
 lary palpi in Nemophora, and the want of them in Adela and 
 Nemotois, show that they are not sufficiently related inter se to 
 warrant such a step, and to place Adela and Jtfemotoii in a dis- 
 
TAL.EP0RIA. 17 
 
 tinct family, leaving Nemophora among the Tineidce, would rather 
 outrage our ideas of relationship. 
 
 This family contains fourteen genera which are represented in 
 this country (two or three others, Eriocoltis, Ilapsifera, etc., oc- 
 curring on the continent) ; they may be distinguished as follows : — 
 a. Maxillary palpi undeveloped. 
 b. Antenna? of moderate length. 
 c. Head rough. 
 
 d. Females wingless. 
 
 e. Ocelli distinct. 1. Tal^poria. 
 e e. Ocelli none. 2. Solenoisia. 
 d d. Females winged. 
 
 /. Labial palpi short, not thickened with scales. 
 g. Ocelli distinct. 3. Diplodoma. 
 g g. Ocelli none. 4. Xysmotodoma. 
 ff. Labial palpi porrected ; second joint very hairy, and 
 with a projecting tuft. Anterior wings with raised 
 scales. 5. Ociisenheimeria. 
 c c. Head smooth. 9. Lampuosetia. 
 b b. Antennae very long. 
 
 k. Eyes of the males distant. 13. Adela. 
 h h. Eyes of the males large, approximating. 1 4. Nemotois. 
 a a. Maxillary palpi B-G-jointed. 
 b. Antenna; of moderate length. 
 c. Head rough. 
 
 i. Terminal joint of labial palpi slender, ascending. 6. Euplo- 
 
 camus. 
 i i. Terminal joint of labial palpi thick, not ascending. 
 k. Posterior wings clothed with scales. 7. Tinea. 
 h 1c. Posterior wings clothed with hairs. 
 
 I. Ocelli none. 10. Incurvakia. 
 
 I I. Ocelli distinct. 11. Micropteryx. 
 
 c c. Head in front and on the crown smooth. 8. Lampronia. 
 b b. Antennae very long. 12. Nemophora. 
 
 Genus I. TAL2EPORIA. 
 
 Tal/eporia, Zell. L. E. vii. 331 ct 336 (1852). CochleopJiasia, Curt.; 
 Step. Taleporia p., Hub. Solenobia p., Dup. 
 
 Caput supcrne ct in froute hirsutum. Ocelli distincti pone oculos. 
 Antenna; $ setaceoe, creuulatoe, ciliatse. Palpi maxillares nulli. Palpi 
 labiales cylindrici, pilosuli ; articulo sccundo infra, et apice supra 
 setoso. Haustellum nullum. Alsc oblongic, mcdiocriter eiliatse j 
 anteriores : cellula discoidalis venas sex in margiiiem posticum erait- 
 tit, supremam furcatam. $ Aptera, nno lanato. Larva saccopbora, 
 sacco longo, gracili, granulato, anum versus attenuato. 
 
 VOL. III. D 
 
18 TINEIDJE. 
 
 Head above and in front hairy. Ocelli distinct behind the eyes. 
 Antenna? of the g setaceous, ciliated. Maxillary palpi none. Labial 
 palpi cylindrical, hairy ; the second joint armed with bristles beneath, 
 and above at the apex. Tongue wanting. Wings oblong, with mo- 
 derate cilia. From the discoidal cell of the anterior wings six veins 
 run to the hinder margin; of these the uppermost is furcate. Female 
 apterous, with the anus woolly. Larva case-bearing ; the case long, 
 slender, granulated, attenuated towards the anus. 
 
 The food of the larvae is probably lichen ; the cases are found 
 on the trunks of trees and palings, the larvae being full fed in 
 the early spring. The only two British species may be easily dis- 
 tinguished : — 
 
 a. Anterior wings reticulated. Species 2. 
 a a. Anterior wings unicolorous. Species 1. 
 
 The latter (jpubicornis) hardly belongs to this genus, having 
 the antennae pubescent, not ciliated, the palpi less hairy, and a 
 short tongue : its transformations are unknown. 
 
 1. pubicornis, Haw. L. B. 523 (1829) ; Curt. ; Sta. ; Zell.; Step.? 
 Alis anticis nitidis fuscis immaculatis, costa basim versus saturatiore. 
 Exp. al. 71 lin. 
 
 Head and face ochreous. Palpi fuscous, tip of the terminal joint 
 yellowish. Antennae fuscous. Anterior wings shining-fuscous, imma- 
 culate ; the costa towards the base rather darker ; cilia pale fuscous. 
 Posterior wings grey, with paler cilia. 
 
 Female unknown. 
 
 Taken by Mr. Allis, near Grassington, Yorkshire, in June. 
 
 2. pseudobombycella, Hiib. Tin. f. 212 (1801); Z. g. S.; 
 Trcit. ; F. v. R. ; Zell. — glabrella, Ochsenh. — tessellea, Haw. ; Curt. ; 
 Step. Alis anticis fusco-cinereis, maculis numerosis dilute luleis, quasi 
 reticulatis, macula disci pone medium saturatiore, maculis duabus 
 dorsi dilute luteis, altera in medio, altera ad angulum analem. Exp. 
 al. 8 lin. 
 
 Head and face pale ochreous. Palpi pale fuscous, terminal joint 
 pale greyish-ochreous. Antennae fuscous. Anterior wings greyish- 
 fuscous, with numerous faint pale yellowish spots (except towards the 
 base and basal half of the costa), which give the wing an almost reticulated 
 appearance, in which there appears a darker spot on the disc, beyond 
 the middle ; on the inner margin are two longer pale yellowish spots, 
 one in the middle, the other at the anal angle ; cilia grey. Posterior 
 wings grey, with paler cilia. 
 
 Female fuscous, with the anal tuft greyish. 
 
 Common in the south of England ; the larva on the trunks of 
 trees and palings in April and May ; the perfect insect in June. 
 
SOLKNOBIA. 19 
 
 Genus II. SOLENOBTA. 
 
 Solenobia, Zell. L. E. vii. 332 et 343 (1852). Takporia p., Hub. 
 
 Solenobia p., Dup. 
 Caput superne et in fronte hirsutum. Ocelli nulli. Antennae $ seta- 
 cea;, ciliatse. Os pilosum, palpis subnullis. Alse oblongoe, inedio- 
 criter ciliatae ; anteriores : cellula discoidalis venas quinque in mar- 
 gincm posticum emittit simplices. ? Aptera, ano lanato. Larva 
 saccopbora, sacco breviusculo, granulato, anum versus attenuate 
 Head above and in front hairy. Ocelli none. Antennae of the <J 
 setaceous, ciliated. Maxillary palpi undeveloped. Labial palpi ex- 
 tremely short, almost concealed in the hairs of the mouth. Wings ob- 
 long, with moderate cilia. From the discoidal cell of the anterior 
 wings five simple veins run to the hinder margin. ? Apterous, with 
 the anus woolly. Larva case-bearing ; the case rather short, granulated, 
 attenuated towards the anus. 
 
 The food of the larvae is probably lichen ; the cases are found 
 on the trunks of trees, palings, and rocks; the larvae being full 
 fed in the early spring. 
 
 The only two British species, of which we know the males, are 
 very closely allied. We appear to have several species of larvae, 
 but from some only females have yet been obtained, from which, 
 without continued observations of the larvae, cases, and whole 
 habits of the insects, it is impossible to distinguish the species. 
 It is in this genus that we meet with the singular physiological 
 fact of unimpregnated females laying fertile eggs, and not as the 
 exception, but as the rule. (See Trans. Ent. Soc. London, vol. i. 
 N. S. p. 234.) 
 
 1. inconspicuella, Sta. Cat. p. G (1849) ; Zell. Alis anticis an- 
 gustulis, apice rotundato, cincreo-fuscis, maculis numerosis irregularibus 
 mediocribus albidis vix disiinclis, margine posticof usco-pitnclato. Exp. 
 al. r>H> li'i. 
 
 Head and face grey. Antennas dark-grey. Anterior wings rather 
 narrow, with the apex rounded, greyish-fuscous, with numerous irregu- 
 lar rather large whitish spots, not sharply defined ; on the hinder mar- 
 gin is a row of dark spots ; cilia alternately whitish and greyish-fuscous. 
 Posterior wings pale-grey, with paler cilia. 
 
 Not common. The larvae arc full fed before the end of March, 
 when they may be found on palings; the perfect insect appears 
 early in April. 
 
 2. Douglasii, n. sp. Alis anticis vix angustis, apice paullidum 
 rotundato, cincreo-fuscis, apicem versus saturatioribiis, maculis numerosis 
 irregularibus mediocribus fere disiinclis albidis. Exp. al. 6 lin. 
 
 Head, face, and antenna) greyish-fuscous. Anterior wings hardly 
 narrow, with the apex slightly rounded, greyish-fuscous, towards the 
 
apex rather darker, with numerous irregular rather large whitish spot9 
 rather sharply defined ; cilia whitish, with some fuscous patches oppo- 
 site the fuscous portions of the hinder margin. Posterior wings pale- 
 grey, with paler cilia. 
 
 A single specimen, in the collection of Mr. Douglas, taken by 
 him at Birch Wood in the spring. 
 
 Genus III. DIPLODOMA. 
 
 Diplodoma, Zell. L. E. vii. 332 et 359 (1852). Lampronia p., Step. 
 Caput superne ct in fronte hirsutum. Ocelli dislincli pone oculos. 
 
 Antennas setaceoe, J ciliatae, $ subdcntalaj. Palpi maxillarcs nulli. 
 
 Palpi labiales cylindrici pilosi. Ala: antcriores, oblongsc, mediocriter 
 
 ciliatae ; antcriores : cellula discoidalis venas sex in marginem posti- 
 
 cum cmittit, supremam simplicem subapicalcm. ? Alata, ano lanato. 
 
 Larva saccophora, sacco in indusium incluso. 
 
 Head above and in front hairy. Ocelli distinct behind the eyes. 
 Antennas setaceous, of the £ ciliated, of the $ subdentate. Maxillary 
 palpi none. Labial palpi cylindric, hairy. Wings oblong, with mode- 
 rate cilia. From the discoidal cell of the anterior wings six simple 
 veins run into the hinder margin. Female winged, with the anus woolly. 
 Larva case-bearing, the case enclosed in an outer covering. 
 
 But one species is known in this genus. 
 
 1. marginepunctella, Step. H. iv. 358 (1835); Zell. L. E. vii. 
 —sidcrella, Zell. Isis. 1 839 ; II.-S. Tin. pi. 46. f. 31 9. Alis anticis satu- 
 rate fuscis vix purpurascente tinctis, punctis numerosis dilute luteis, 
 quasi in fascias duas, costam versus furcatas, aggregatis, quarum prima 
 ad dorsum couspicuorc. Exp. al. 5J lin. 
 
 Head greyish-ochreous, mixed with fuscous. Face fuscous. Palpi 
 fuscous, terminal joint whitish. Antenna! fuscous. Anterior wings 
 dark-fuscous, with a slight purplish gloss, with numerous small pale- 
 yellow spots, which appear to form two fascico, one lather broad before 
 the middle, and one narrower towards the hinder margin, both are fur- 
 cate on the costa, the anterior appears on the inner margin as a con- 
 spicuous spot ; cilia dark-fuscous, interrupted with pale-yellowish. Pos- 
 terior wings dark-fuscous, with a slight purplish gloss ; cilia grey. 
 
 Not common. The perfect insect appears in June and July ; 
 the food of the larva (remarkable for its double case) has not 
 yet been ascertained. 
 
 Genus IV. XYSMATODOMA. 
 
 Xysmatodoma, Zell. L. E. vii. 332 et 362 (1852). Lampronia p., 
 Step. 
 
0CHSENHEIMERIA. 21 
 
 Caput supernc et in fronte liirsutum. Ocelli nulli. Antennae setaceae, 
 ^ sctoso-ciliatse. Palpi maxillaves nulli. Palpi labiales cylindrici, 
 breves, hirsuti. Ala; ( ? graciliores) oblongae, mediocriter ciliatae ; 
 anteriores : cellula discoidalis venas quinque in marginem posticum 
 einittit. $ Alata, nno lanato. Larva saccophora, sacco simplici, 
 breviusculo, granulate 
 
 Head above and in front hairy. Ocelli none. Antenna? setaceous, 
 in the J strongly ciliated. Maxillary palpi none. Labial palpi short, 
 cylindric, hairy. Wings oblong (of the $ narrower), with moderate 
 cilia. From the discoidal cell of the anterior wings Jive veins run to 
 the hinder margin. Female winged, with the anus woolly. Larva case- 
 bearing ; the case simple, rather short, granulated. 
 
 But one British species is known in this genus ; on the conti- 
 nent is another closely allied to it. Argentimaculella I refer to 
 the genus Tinea. 
 
 1. melanella, Haw. L. B. 566 (1829); Step.; Zell. L. E. vii.— 
 atrella, Step. — slelliferella, P. v. R. pi. 59. — scquella, Haw.? Alia 
 anticis nigris, punctis numerosis sparsis luteo-albis, fascia obsoleta ad 
 dorsum distinctiore ante medium luteo-alba, macula parrs dorsi pone 
 medium puuetoque costae apicem versus albidis, apice costae margineque 
 postico albido-punctatis. Exp. al. 5J lin. 
 
 Head and face black. Palpi fuscous j terminal joint whitish. An- 
 terior wings black, with numerous scattered yellowish-white spots, with 
 an indistinct rather interrupted yellowish-white fascia before the middle, 
 most conspicuous on the inner margin ; a small whitish spot lies on the 
 inner margin beyond the middle, and on the costa, rather posterior, is 
 another small whitish spot ; the apex of the costa and hinder margin are 
 spotted with whitish ; cilia dark-fuscous, externally with some whitish 
 patches. Posterior wings greyish-fuscous, with paler cilia. 
 
 In the south of England; not scarce. The larvae feed on 
 lichen, and are found on old palings, etc., in April and May, the 
 perfect insect appearing in June. 
 
 Genus V. OCHSENHEIMERIA. 
 
 Ociisenheimeria, Iliib.V. 416 (1817); Zell. Lepidocera, Curt.; Step. 
 Pkygas, Treit. ; Dup. 
 
 Caput superne valde Idrsutnm, in fronte squamaceum. Ocelli distincii 
 pone oculos. Antenna; crassiusculse, interdum squamis nsqne medium 
 incrassata. Palpi maxillares nulli. Palpi labiales porrecti ; articulo 
 secundo valde hirsuto, articulo tertio lacvi 'adscendente acuminato. 
 Haustellum breve, nudum. Ala mediocriter ciliatae ; anteriores ob- 
 longfB,sqiiamisexasperatis, postcrioresoblongo-ovatae; anteriores: vena 
 apicalis furcata ante apicem exit, infra earn venae quatuor, submedianae 
 
22 TINEIDiE. 
 
 apex inerassatus, subdorsals longe furcaia ; posteriores : vena; apicalis 
 
 furoatffl ramus inferior in apicem exit, infra earn venee duse e venula 
 
 transversa; mediana bifida. 
 
 Head above very hairy, in front more clothed with scales. Ocelli dis- 
 tinct behind the eyes. Antenna rather thick, about half the length of 
 the anterior wings, sometimes thickened with scales to the middle. Max- 
 illary palpi undeveloped. Labial palpi porrecled, the second joint very 
 hairy, and with a prolonged tuft, the third joint smooth, ascending, 
 pointed. Tongue short, not clothed with scales. Wings with mode- 
 rate cilia, the anterior oblong, with semi-erect scales {having a rugged 
 appearance), the posterior oblong-ovate. In the anterior wings the 
 apical vein is furcate, terminating in the costa before the apex, beneath 
 it are four veins ; the apex of the submedian vein is thickened, and the 
 subdorsal vein is for a considerable length furcate ; in the posterior 
 wings the lower branch of the forked apical vein terminates in the apex, 
 below it two veins run from the transverse vein, and the median vein is 
 bifid. 
 
 The perfect insects of this genus are found among grass, but, 
 except during the very middle of the day, from 12 to 2 p.m., are 
 rarely met with ; at that hour they are very active, hopping about 
 on the stems of the grass, and taking short flights, but their pe- 
 riod of flight once over, they conceal themselves so well that it is 
 almost impossible to detect them. The larva of one species (0. 
 Birdella) I have occasionally met with, when full fed, crawling on 
 grass ; but it feeds inside the stems, and in one instance had bored 
 down the stem of Dactylus glomeratus almost to the root, and was 
 only detected by the fact of an Maehista having taken a fancy to 
 the same plant of Dactylus, which led Mr. Wing to the discovery 
 of the concealed Ochsenheimeria. Mr. Scott also found these 
 larvae in the stems of grass. 
 
 We have only three British species in this genus (two others 
 are known on the continent) ; they may be readily distinguished 
 by the antennae. 
 
 a. Antennae much thickened with scales to the middle. Species 1. 
 a a. Antenna? very slightly thickened with scales nearly to the middle. 
 
 Species 2. 
 a a a. Antenna; perfectly simple. Species 3. 
 
 1. Birdella, Curt. B.E. fo. 344 (1831); Step.; Sta.— Bison tella, 
 Sta. — Mediopecline/la, Haw. ? Step. ? Alis anticis griseo-fuscis vel 
 obscure ochreis, squamis numerosis cxaspcratis fuscis, albidisve ; alis 
 posticis purpureo-fuscis, ipsa basi hyalina. Capillis griseo-fuscis. An- 
 tennis usque medium valde incrassalis squamis ercctis projicientibus. 
 Exp. al. 5J-6J lin. 
 
 Hairs of the head, and face greyish-fuscous. Antennae at the base 
 
EUPLOCAMUS. 23 
 
 greyish-fuscous, then dark fuscous, mucli thickened to the middle with 
 projecting scales. Anterior wings greyish-fuscous or dingy ochreous, 
 with numerous scattered dark fuscous and whitish elevated scales ; 
 cilia greyish-fuscous or dark ochreous, with the lips dark fuscous. 
 Posterior wings purplish-fuscous ; the extreme base almost transparent; 
 cilia grey. 
 
 This variable species is in some meadows extremely abundant 
 towards the end of July. The dirty-whitish larva feeds inside the 
 stem of Dactylics glomeratns in May. 
 
 2. Bisontella, Lienig et Zefl. Isis, 1846, p. 274. — Taurella, 
 Curt.; Haw.? Step.? — Vacculella, Sta. Alis anticis griseo-fuscis, sa- 
 tuiate-fusco valde suft'usis ; alis posticis dilute griseis, vix purpureo- 
 tinctis, ipsa basi hyalina. Capillis saturate ochrco-fuscis. Antennis 
 basim versus squamis paullulum incrassalis. Exp. al. 4 □ — 5 tin. 
 
 Hairs of the head and face dark ochreous-fuscous. Antenna dark 
 fuscous, towards the base slightly thickened with scales (most distinctly 
 in the $ ). Anterior wings greyish-fuscous, almost entirely suffused 
 with dark fuscous (in the ? more ochreous) ; cilia greyish-fuscous, 
 darkest before the tips. Posterior wings pale grey, with a slight purple 
 tinge, at the extreme base transparent ; cilia pale grey. 
 
 Occurs in grassy places among fern in J uly, at Dartford Heath, 
 near Manchester, and Torwood, Stirlingshire. 
 
 3. Vacculella, P. v. R. Ent. Ztg. 1842, p. 213; H.-S. Tin. 
 pi. 30. f. 247. — Taurella,\Wa. — Chenopodiella, Sta.; Step.? Alis anticis 
 griseo-fuscis vel obscure-ochreis, saturate fusco-suffusis, fascia obsoleta 
 saluraliore pone medium, in plica ul macula distinction ; alis posticis 
 dilute-griseis, vix purpurco-tinctis, dimidio basali hyalino. Capillis sa- 
 turate ochraceo-fuscis. Antennis non incrassalis. Exp. al. 5 £ lin. 
 
 Hairs of the head and face dark ochreous-fuscous. Antenna; dark 
 fuscous, not thickened. Anterior wings greyish-fuscous or dingy ochre- 
 ous, suffused with dark fuscous, and beyond the middle there is a faint 
 appearance of an indistinct dark fascia, of which at any rate a spot on the 
 fold is visible ; cilia greyish-fuscous. Posterior wings pale grey, with 
 a slight purplish tinge, nearly the whole of the basal half transparent ; 
 cilia greyish. 
 
 A rare species, found in houses in July. How it gets there is 
 a mystery ! 
 
 Genus VI. EUPLOCAMUS. 
 
 Euplocamus, Lat. G. C. et I. iv. 223 (1809); Step.; Curt.; Zell. 
 
 Euplocamus p., Dup. Scardia p., Treit. 
 Caput superne ac in fronte hirsutum. Ocelli nulli. Antennre crassi- 
 
 uscula;, <$ pectinatae vel piloso-fasciculatse. Palpi maxillares plicati, 
 
24 TINEIDJE. 
 
 sex-articulati. Palpi labiales arliculo secundo infra fasciculato-piloso, 
 
 ultimo tenui adscendente. Haustellum breve. Alas anteriores : e 
 
 cellula discoiduli vcnce 4 in marginem costalem prodeunt. 
 
 Head above and in front hairy. Ocelli none. Antennas shorter 
 than the anterior wings, in the £ either pectinated or with tufts of 
 fine hairs (the latter is the case in the only British species known). 
 Maxillary palpi folded, six-jointed. Labial palpi with the second joint 
 beneath with a tuft of hair, third joint slender, erect. Tongue short. 
 Wings oblong, with rather short cilia. From the discoidal cell of the 
 anterior wings four veins run to the hinder margin. 
 
 In this genus occur some of the largest species of Tineina ; the 
 only one yet detected in the country is however of moderate size. 
 The larvae feed in fungi. 
 
 1. Boleti, Fab. E. S. iii. 2. 26 (1794) ; Zell. E. Z. 1846. p. 178. 
 —Mediella, Och. ; Treit. ; Step. ; Curt. B. E. fo. 591 ; H.-S.— Chora- 
 gella, W. V. ? Alis anticis dilute oehreis fusco-nebulosis saturate fusco- 
 punctatis, nebula basali costs) plicam tangentc, macula costali ei con- 
 tigua, macula costali pone medium, cum altera majore in medio dorsi 
 fere connexa, maculisquc duabus parvis costalibus apiccm versus fus- 
 cis, punctis quatuor oblongis disci marginem posticum versus satu- 
 rate fuscis : ciliis saturate fuscis, maculis quatuor dilute oehreis. Exp. 
 al. 12 lin. 
 
 Head and face ochreous, mixed with fuscous. Palpi pale ochrcous, 
 mixed with fuscous ; terminal joint pale ochrcous, with a ring at the 
 base and another before the apex, dark fuscous. Antenna; fuscous. 
 Anterior wings pale ochreous, clouded with fuscous and spotted with 
 dark fuscous ; at the base of the costa is a large fuscous cloud 
 reaching to the fold, immediately beyond it is a fuscous blotch on the 
 costa, and beyond the middle is another fuscous blotch on the costa, 
 which almost appears connected with a large fuscous blotch on the 
 middle of the inner margin ; on the costa towards the apex arc two 
 small fuscous spots, and on the disc before the hinder margin are four 
 oblong dark fuscous spots placed on the nervures ; cilia dark fuscous, 
 with four pale ochreous patches ; one on the costa, one in the middle, 
 and one at the bottom of the hinder margin, and the fourth at the anal 
 angle. Posterior wings rather dark fuscous, with paler cilia. 
 
 Not common; occasionally found in the south of England. 
 The larva feeds in fungi. The perfect insect appears in July. 
 
 Genus VII. TINEA. 
 
 Tinea, Zell. L. E. vi. 84 et 100 (1852) ; Step. ; Curt. ; Latr.— Tinea 
 p., Haw.; Dup. — Tinea et Scardia p., Trcit.; Zctt. 
 Caput supeme et in fronte hirsutum. Ocelli nulli. Antennre eras- 
 
TINEA. 25 
 
 siusculie, g ciliatas. Palpi maxillares plicati, B-nrticulati. Palpi la- 
 
 biales cylindrici pilosi, articuli seoundi apice supra sells una pluri- 
 
 busve instructo. HuustcUum subnullura. Ala; anteriorea oblongo- 
 
 OVata3, raro elongates ; posteriores ovata; squamata longe ciliulrr ; an- 
 
 teriores : e cellula discoidali vena; 5 in margineni coslalcra prodcunt. 
 
 Head above and in front hairy. Ocelli none. Antennae moderately 
 
 thick, not so long as the anterior wings, in the <J slightly ciliated. 
 
 Maxillary palpi folded, five-jointed. Labial palpi cylindl'ic, hairy, the 
 
 apex of the second joint famished above with one or more bristles. Tongue 
 
 hardly perceptible. Anterior wings oblong-ovate, rarely elongate (T. 
 
 nigripunctella) ; posterior wings ovate, clothed with scales, with long cilia. 
 
 From the discoidal cell of the anterior wings live veins run into the 
 
 costa, and five terminate on the margins below the apex. 
 
 The maxillary palpi do not appear to be developed in Cockyli- 
 detta, liselliella, or nigripunctella ; T. liselliella even shows a 
 slight difference in the neuration of the wings. The small species 
 T. listrigella, etc., have only fow veins from the discoidal cell to 
 the costa, and four others terminating on the margins below the 
 apex of the anterior wings. 
 
 The perfect insects of this genus appear in summer, those which 
 occur in houses are liable to be found throughout the year; they 
 fly but for short distances, but run very nimbly and keep theil 
 antenna; in a continuous state of agitation. Some of them are 
 gaily coloured, but most of the species generally found in houses 
 are of sombre hues. The larvae feed on various kinds of sub- 
 stances, cloth, horse-hair, feathers, etc., cork, fungi, decayed wood. 
 Many of them, like T. pettionella, construct portable cases in which 
 they reside, exserting only the three first segments for the purpose 
 of locomotion ; others, like T. tapetzella, construct covered gal- 
 leries of the substance on which they arc feeding, thus destroying 
 much more than they actually consume ; others, like T. IxselUella, 
 do not construct cases nor have regular galleries, but spin to- 
 gether portions of the substance they are eating for the purpose 
 of a cocoon, preparatory to assuming the pupa state. Those which 
 feed on fungi and decayed wood, form galleries iu the solid sub- 
 stance, which they line with silk. 
 
 A great deal has been written on these insects with a view of 
 preventing their ravages, but hitherto with little success. \\ lure 
 they once gain a footing it is very difficult to get rid of them ; 
 and I have myself been annoyed by T. liselliella establishing 
 itself in the linings of sofa, chairs, etc., and in the carpets. An 
 occasional baking of the furniture will help to keep their numbers 
 in check. 
 
 These insects became known from their ravages at a very early 
 
 VOL. III. F. 
 
period, and are on several occasions mentioned in Scripture. 
 St. James, in his General Epistle, chap. v. ver. 2, says "your gar- 
 ments are moth-eaten," thus showing a similarity of habit, pro- 
 bably arising from the same species as those we still suffer from. 
 
 Of this genus we have thirty-one species in this country, which 
 may be arranged in the following table (many others occur on the 
 continent). 
 
 a. Anterior wings with a hyaline spot on the disc. Species 1-4. 
 it a. Anterior wings with no hyaline spot on the disc. 
 
 b. Anterior wings dark, with largo whitish spots on the cqsta and 
 inner margin. 
 
 c. Large-sized species. Species 5. 
 
 c c. Small-sized species. Species 17. 
 b b. Anterior wings with the basal half black, apical half whitish. 
 
 Species 6. 
 bbb. Anterior wings whitish, witli an angulated black fascia. Sp. 7. 
 bbbb. Anterior wings pale, with a dark streak or streaks from the 
 
 base. Species 8 and 9. 
 bbbb b. Anterior wings witli a mottled appearance. Species 10-16. 
 bbbb bb. Anterior wings nearly unicolorous, with a few dark spots 
 
 on the disc. Species 18-23. 
 bb b b bbb. Anterior wings ochreous. 
 
 d. Unicolorous. Species 24 and 31. 
 
 d d. With a dark spot at the anal angle. Species 27. 
 
 ddd. With numerous marginal dark spots. Species 26. 
 bbb bbbb b. Anterior wings unicolorous, violet-brown. Sp. 25. 
 bbbbbbbb b. Anterior wings dark, with pale fasciaj or transverse 
 
 spots. Small species. Species 28-30. 
 
 1. imella, Hub. 307 (1816); Zell; Dup.; II.-S. Alis anticis 
 nitidis fuscis, squamis sparsis dilute oehreis, costa ipsa apicem versus 
 dilute oahrea, macula disci fere in medio pallida. Exp. al. 6i lin. 
 
 Plead and face ochreous. Palpi pale ochreous. Antenna; fuscous. 
 Anterior wing, shining fuscous, witli a few pale ochreous scales, the 
 extreme casta from before the middle to near the apex pale ochreous; on 
 the disc nearly in the middle is a small pale spot ; cilia fuscous, at the 
 anal angle pale ochreous. Posterior wings pale greyish-fuscous, with 
 grcyish-ochreous cilia. 
 
 A scarce species ; appearing in June and August. 
 
 2. ferruginella, Hub. 348 (1816); Treit.j Dup.; Zell.— splen- 
 deUa, \\\\h.—us(.ella, Haw.; Step.— obviella, W. V. ?—)iie»dicella, Hiib.P 
 Alis anticis saturate fuscis, vix purpurascente tinctis, posticc griseo- 
 ochrco irroratis, dorso dilute ochreo, macula disci, paullo post medium, 
 albida. Exp. al. 5£ lin. 
 
 Head and face pale ochreous. Palpi pale grcyish-ochreous. An- 
 tenna: dark fuscous. Anterior wings dark fuscous, with a slight pur- 
 
TINEA. 27 
 
 plish tinge, posteriorly irrornted with pale greyish-ochreous ; the inner 
 margin, nearly to the fold, pale ochreous ; on the disc, a little beyond the 
 middle, is a whitish spot; cilia greyish-ochreous, varied with fuscous. 
 Posterior wings whitish-grey, towards the apex darker, with paler 
 cilia. 
 
 Not uncommon; the perfect insect appearing in June, July, 
 and October; found abundantly in 1849 by Mr. Scott, in a coal- 
 mine near Glasgow. 
 
 3. rusticella, Iliib. 339 (1816); Treit. ; Dup. ; ItW.—saturella, 
 Haw. — veslianella, Step. — Itevigella, W. V.? Alis anticis saturate 
 griseo-fuscis, vix purpurascente tinctis, dilute ochreo irroratis, macula 
 disci ante medium dilute ochreo. Exp. al. G-8 lin. 
 
 Head and face ochreous. Palpi pale ochreous ; second joint ex- 
 ternally, and the basal half of the terminal joint dark fuscous. Antennas 
 greyish-fuscous. Anterior wings dark greyish-fuscous, with a very 
 faint purplish tinge, irroralcd with pale ochreous, with a pale oehrcous 
 spot on the disc, near the costa before the middle; cilia pale ochreous, 
 somewhat varied with fuscous. Posterior wings pale grey, with paler 
 cilia. 
 
 A rather common species in houses, outhouses, etc. Mr. 
 Weaver has taken several specimens of a variety (?) with an 
 ochreous spot at the anal angle running into the cilia; these he 
 found in fir-woods, Perthshire. 
 
 4. monachella, lliib. 143 (1801); Treit.; Sta. ; 'MV—mediella, 
 Fab. ? Alis anticis saturate fuscis, macula coslali magna alba, dorsum 
 versus indentata, punctis minutis apiceiu versus albis. Exp. al. 5j lin. 
 
 Head and face white. Palpi white ; second joint externally dark 
 fuscous. Antennae fuscous. Anterior wings rather dark fuscous, with 
 a large irregular white blotch on the casta, extending from before the 
 middle to the apex, reaching half across the wing, but witli a rounded 
 indentation in its side towards the inner margin ; the base of the costa, 
 and the margin of this white blotch, are dark purplish-fuscous ; towards 
 the apex of the wing are some small white spots ; cilia dark purplish- 
 fuscous. Posterior wings pale grey, with paler cilia. 
 
 Occurs in the Cambridgeshire fens ; appearing in May and 
 August. 
 
 5. fulvimitrella, Sod. Bull. N. M. 1830. 74. pi. 1. f. 6; Treit. ; 
 Hup. xi. pi. 312. f. 1 ; Zell.j II. -S. — rupella, Haw.; Step. — Bohemanelta, 
 Zett. Alis anticis saturate purpureo-fuscis, maculis qnaluor conspicuis 
 albidis, duabus dorsi, duabus costtc, squamis sparsis disci albidis. Exp. 
 al. 8 lin. 
 
 Head and face bright ochreous. Palpi pale ochreous ; second joint 
 externally and the base of the terminal joint dark fuscous. Antennas 
 dark fuscous. Anterior wings dark p/up/ish-fuscous, with four conspi- 
 cuous whitish spots, of which two, somewhat triangular, on the inner 
 
28 TtNEID/E. 
 
 margin (one near the base, the other a little beyond the middle), and 
 two obliquely beyond them on the casta, of which the first is rather 
 small, pointing posteriorly ; the second is larger, pointing towards the 
 anal angle ; on the disc arc several scattered whitish scales ; cilia dark 
 purplish-fuscous, the tip of the apex whitish, and frequently some 
 patches at the extremity of the hinder margin whitish. Posterior wings 
 greyish-purple, with paler cilia. 
 
 Occasionally met with on the trunks of trees in June. 
 
 G. tapetzella, Lin. S. N. 536. 253 (1758); CI. j Fab.; Hub. 
 Tin. 91; Haw.; Treit. ; Step.; Dup. — tapezana, Fab.; Lat. — lape- 
 iiella, Zell. Alis antieis dimidio basali nigra, apicali alio grisco-nebu- 
 loso, puncto minuto ad angulum analem, punetisque duobus apicis 
 nigra. Exp. al. 9 tin. 
 
 Head and face white. Palpi white; second joint externally dark 
 fuscous. Antenna? fuscous. Anterior wings black from the base to the 
 middle, then white; on the inner margin the black terminates very 
 abruptly a little before the middle; on the costa, where it is continued 
 further, the termination is less abrupt; the apical portion of the wing 
 .is clouded with dark grey, and there is a small black spot at the' anal 
 angle, and two or three at the apex of the wing ; cilia whitish, at the 
 apex dark grey. Posterior wings pale grey, with whitish-grey cilia. 
 
 A common species, frequently occurring in carriages; the larva 
 feeding on the lining under a gallery constructed from the lining; 
 the perfect insect appears in June and July. 
 
 7. arcella,Fab. G.I. 295(1776); Schr.; Zell.— niveella, Fab.— 
 repandella, Hub. ; Dup. xi. pi. 289. f. 9. — clematea, Haw. — clemalella, 
 Step. ; Fab. ? Alis antieis albis puncto dorsi basali, atria costa basali, 
 fascia media laliuscula angulata, punetisque duobus costa; apicem versus 
 saturate fuscis. Exp. al. 6i lin. 
 
 Head and face white. Palpi white; second joint beneath grey. 
 Antenna greyish-fuscous. Anterior wings white, with a small spot at 
 the base of the inner margin, and a costal streak at the base dark fus- 
 cous, in the middle is a moderately broad angulated dark fuscous fascia 
 (the angulation is near the costa and is rather produced posteriorly on 
 the disc) ; on the costa before the apex are two dark fuscous spots, and 
 the apical portion of the wing has several fuscous clouds ; cilia whitish, 
 at the extreme apex fuscous. Posterior wings grey, with paler cilia. 
 
 Not rare in the south of England; it is probably double- 
 brooded ; I have met with it in old hedges in June, July, and 
 August. 
 
 8. picarella, Lin.F. S. 1389 (1761); 01.— RigaSlla, Sod.; Trcit.; 
 Evers.— Riganelh, H.-S. Tin. pi. 44. f. 299; Zell.— Aceralla, Treit. Ms 
 antieis albis vitta hugiludiuali ex basi juxta coslam, postice pnullulum 
 curvata, in apicem desinents nigra, maculis parvis dorsum versus nigris. 
 Exp. al. V, lin. 
 
TINEA. 29 
 
 Head, face, und palpi white, or whitish. Antenna; pale fuscous. 
 Anterior wings white, with a black streak from the base near the coda, 
 continued, with a slight curve beyond the middle, to the apex; on the 
 costa before the middle are two small white spots, and beyond the 
 middle is a larger triangular white spot, in which, on the extreme costa, 
 are three or four small black spots ; at the base, on the inner margin, 
 is an irregular black spot pointing upwards, beyond it arc three small 
 black spots obliquely placed ; one on the inner margin, one below, and 
 one above the fold ; a small black spot lies on the inner margin before 
 the anal angle, and above the anal angle is an oblong black streak 
 along the hinder margin ; cilia white, varied with dark fuscous or black. 
 Posterior wings rather dark grey, with paler cilia. 
 
 A single specimen of this conspicuous insect is in Mr. Edle- 
 ston's collection. 
 
 9. arcuatella, Sta. — picarella, Hub. Tin. 219 ; Treit. ; Dup. ; 
 Zett. ; Evers. ; H.-S. ; Zell. Alis anticis albidis, fuseescente suffusis, 
 atriis dnubus ex bad saturate fuscis, altera dorsum versus pone medium 
 desinente, altera codam versus ante medium desinente, macula costali 
 pone medium cum stria disci confluento, saturate fusca. Exp. al. 9£ 
 lin. 
 
 Head, face, and palpi pale ochreous. Antennae grey. Anterior 
 wings whitish, much suffused with pale fuscous with two dark fuscous 
 streaks from the base, one rather sinuated almost in the fold terminat- 
 ing beyond the middle, the other near lite coda terminating before the 
 middle ; on the costa, beyond the middle, is a dark fuscous spot, below 
 which is a dark fuscous streak on the disc which is prolonged in a curved 
 direction and terminates on the costa before the apex ; hinder margin 
 spotted with dark fuscous ; cilia alternately white and fuscous. Pos- 
 terior wings greyish-fuscous, with paler cilia. 
 
 Several specimens have been taken at Rannoch, in Perthshire, 
 in the summer, by Mr. Ilodgkinsou and Mr. Weaver. The larva 
 feeds in fungi in September. 
 
 10. corticella, Curt. B. E. fo. 511 (1834) ; Zcll. (L. E. vi.)— emor- 
 tuella, Zell. (Isis 1839). — granella, var., Dup. — concinnella, \l\\h.? — 
 cloacella, H.-S. f Alis anticis albidis, fuseescente paullulum suffusis, 
 punctis parvis costae 4 vel 5 saturate fuscis, triangulo in medio dorsi 
 ochreo-fusco (apice buo supra dorsum), punclis minoribus dorsi mar- 
 ginisque postiei saturate fuscis ; capil/is alb'ts. Exp. al. 7^ lin. 
 
 Head and face while. Palpi internally whitish, externally dark 
 fuscous; tip of the terminal joint entirely whitish. Antenna! pale 
 grey. Anterior wings whitish, rather suffused with pale fuscous, es- 
 pecially towards the costa ; along the costa are several small dark 
 fuscous spots, of which the largest is rather beyond the middle ; nearly 
 opposite, on the middle of the inner margin, standing on Us apex, is an 
 oehreous-fiiscous triangular spot; on the inner margin towards the base 
 is frequently a dark fuscous spot, and there is another at the anal 
 
30 TINEIDJE. 
 
 angle; hinder margin interruptedly dark fuscous; cilia ochreous-fus- 
 cous, with some whitish patches. Posterior wings dark greyish-fuscous, 
 with paler cilia. 
 
 Not common ; the perfect insect appears in May and August. 
 The lame were found by Mr. Thomas Besvignes iti fungi on the 
 hornbeams in Epping Forest in June and July. 
 
 11. parasitella, Hub. Tin. 16(1801); Haw.; Treit. ; Step.; 
 Dup.; Evers. ; H.-S. ; Zell. — (carpinetella, Sta. Cat.) Alis anticis 
 albidis, saiurale-fusco marmoraiis, punctis qnatuor vel quinque costas 
 saturate fuscis, sccundo ante, et quarto pone medium cum puncto dor- 
 sal! saturatc-fusco conncxis, margine postico apiceque costa; saturate- 
 fusco-punctatis ; capillis ochreis. Exp. al. 9 lin. 
 
 Head and face ochreous. Palpi internally pale ochreous, externally 
 dark fuscous ; tip of the terminal joint entirely pale ochreous. An- 
 tenna? greyish-fuscous. Anterior wings whitish, chequered and spoiled 
 with dark fuscous ; along the costa are four or five dark fuscous spots, 
 one at the base, one before the middle connected across the wing with 
 a dark fuscous spot on the middle of the inner margin, one nearly in 
 the middle, one beyond the middle likwise connected with the spot on 
 the middle of the inner margin, and also with a spot at the anal angle ; 
 the hinder margin and apex of the costa arc spotted with dark fuscous; 
 cilia, at first fuscous, the ends pale ochreous, interrupted by four fus- 
 cous patches. Posterior wings dark grey, with a slight purple tint, 
 with (lark grey cilia. 
 
 Not an uncommon species ; the perfect insect appears in May 
 and June. The larva feeds on fungi (and decayed wood ?) during 
 the winter. 
 
 12. Granella, Lin. S. N. 537. 259 (1758); W. V. ; Fab.; 
 Hub. Tin. 165 j Haw.; Treit.: Step.; Dup.; Zell. Alis anticiB albia, 
 maculis numcrosis saturate-fuscis nigrisve, quarum septem costne (una 
 baaali plicam tangente el supra earn producla, una abbreviate ante, una 
 majore pone medium, maculis quatuor costa; apiccni versus minoribus), 
 macula parva dorsi juxta basim, alteraquc majore plica; ante medium 
 saturate fuscis; capillis altiis, alliidisve. Exp. al. -1V-7 lin. 
 
 Head and face while, or whitish. Palpi white; second joint exter- 
 nally fuscous. Antenna; fuscous. Anterior wings while, with numerous 
 dark fuscous almost black spots, of which seven are on the costa ; the 
 first at the base, reaching to the fold and rather produced along it, the 
 second before the middle and rather short, the third and largest beyond 
 the middle prolonged obliquely and reaching half across the wing, the 
 fourth and tilth are very small, the sixth is generally connected with 
 the seventh which lies in the apex of the wing; on the inner margin 
 near the base is a small dark fuscous spot, and a larger one lies on the 
 fold before the middle; cilia dark fuscous, varied with white. Pos- 
 terior wings greyish-fuscous, with pale grey cilia. 
 
TINKA. 31 
 
 This beautiful insect is abundant in granaries (throughout the 
 globe?); the larva is stated to reside in a case connecting several 
 grains of corn together by means of its silken threads ; its ravages 
 have been most observed in September and October (but I think 
 a second brood feeding in July extremely probable); the perfect 
 insect appears in June. 
 
 13. cloacella, Haw. L. B. 563 (1829); Step.; ZelL— -granetta, var., 
 Hup. xi. pi. 289. f. 13 et 14. Alis anticis albido-ochrcis, fuscescente 
 paullulum suffusis, maoulia couspicuoribus coste saturate fuseis tribus 
 (una basali plicam non tangente, una abbreviate ante medium, altera 
 elongata cum stria longitudinali disci comma, pone medium) maculis 
 duabus parvis, tertiaque majorc apicem versus; macula plicae ante me- 
 dium saturate fusoa, margine postico interrupte saturate fusco; capillis 
 dilute-ochreis. Exp. al. 6£ Hn. 
 
 Head and face pale ochreous. Palpi whitish ; second joint externally 
 fuscous. Antenna? fuscous. Anterior wings whitish-ochrcous, some- 
 what suffused with pale fuscous, and with several dark fuscous spots, 
 of which, three on the costa are very conspicuous, one at Ike base not 
 reaching to the fold, a short one before the middle, and a somewhat elon- 
 gated our beyond the middle connected with a longitudinal streak on the 
 disc, beyond this are two smaller fuscous spots, and a larger dark fuscous 
 spot lies towards the apex ; on the fold before the middle is a dark fus- 
 cous spot; the hinder margin is interruptedly dark fuscous; cilia dark 
 fuscous, with pale ochreous patches. Posterior wings dark grey, with 
 a slight purplish tiuge, with paler cilia. 
 
 Abundant throughout the country, frequenting old hedgerows 
 in May and August. The larva feeds in fungi and decayed wood, 
 and probably does not do us any mischief. 
 
 14. ruricolella, Sta. Cat. p. 7 (1849).— granella, var., Dup. xi. 
 pi. 289. f. 12. — cloacella, var. b., Zell. Alis anticis griseo-ochreis, ma- 
 culis saturate fuseis, tribus costa; conspicuorihus, una basalt plicam 
 non tangente, una ante medium, altera majore pone medium in disco 
 poslice non producta, macula plica; ante medium saturate fusea, margine 
 postico apicequc costa; saturate fusco-punctatis ; capillis dilute ochreis. 
 Exp. al. 5.V-6.\ lin. 
 
 Head and fade pale ochreous. Palpi whitish ; second joint externally 
 fuscous. Antenna pale grey. Anterior wings greyish-ochrcous, with 
 dark fuscous spots, of which three on the costa arc conspicuous, one at 
 the base not reaching to the fold, one before the middle, and a larger 
 one beyond the middle reaching nearly half across the wing, but not 
 produced posteriorly on the disc ; on the fold before the middle is a dark 
 fuscous spot; hinder margin and apex of the costa interruptedly dark 
 fuscous ; cilia fuscous, interrupted with pale ochreous patches. Pos- 
 terior wings grey, with a slight purplish tinge, with paler cilia. 
 
 Occurs in the same places and at I lie same times as the preccd- 
 
32 TINEID.E 
 
 ing (T. cloacella), of which it is perhaps only a variety. The dis- 
 covery of the larva must decide this point. 
 
 15. Cochylidella, n. sp. Alis anticis griseo-ochreis, paulluhim 
 fusco-sull'iisis, nebula in medio plica albida, in qua macula curvatafusca 
 ex medio dorsi, nebula obsoletiorc disci pone medium albida, macula ab- 
 brcviata costa; paullo post medium, et margine postico apiceque costa: 
 saturate fuscis. Exp. al. 6 lin. 
 
 Head and face pale yellowish. Palpi pale grey. Antenna; fuscous. 
 Anterior wings greyish-ochreous, slightly suffused with fuscous, with a 
 whitish blotch in the middle of the fold, interrupted by a dark fuscous 
 curved spot from the middle of the inner margin (like the typical mark- 
 ing of a Cochylis) ; on the disc beyond the middle is another indistinct 
 whitish spot, and on the costa a' little beyond the middle is a rather 
 short dark fuscous spot ; hinder margin and apex of the costa dark 
 fuscous ; cilia pale greyish-ochreous. Posterior wings rather dark grey, 
 with the cilia a little paler. 
 
 A single specimen in the collection of Mr. Douglas, taken by 
 him near Sanderstead in June, 1852. 
 
 1G. albipunctella, Haw. L. B. 564 (1829) ; Step. ; Sta. ; Zell. 
 Alis anticis nitidis saturate fuscis, punclis numerosis albidis, duobus 
 costa; ante, tribus costa; pone medium, uno dorsi ante, duobus sa;pe 
 connexis dorsi pone medium, atoinis disci sparsis albidis ; capillis al- 
 bidis. Exp. al. 5 lin. 
 
 Head and face whitish. Palpi whitish ; second joint externally fus- 
 cous. Antenna; pale fuscous. Anterior wings shining, dark fuscous, 
 icith numerous whitish spots, of which two arc on the costa before the 
 middle, and three or four on the costa beyond the middle, one on the 
 inner margin before the middle, and two beyond the middle frequently 
 united; on the disc arc several whitish atoms; cilia dark fuscous, 
 witli two whitish patches. Posterior wings greyish-fuscous, with paler 
 cilia. 
 
 Scarce ; occurs in June at Hurstpierpoint, Sussex ; taken by 
 Mr. Weir. 
 
 17. Caprinralgella, (v. Heyd.) Sta. Supp. Cat. p. 2 (1851) ; 
 H.-S. Tin. pi. 44. f. 303 ; Zell. Alis anticis saturate violacco-fuscis, fascia 
 subobliqua ante medium, dorsum versus latiore, ct maculis costa: dorsique 
 dilute luteis. Exp. al. 5J lin. 
 
 Head and face dark ochreous. Palpi pale grey. Antenna- dark 
 fuscous. Anterior wings dark violet-fuscous, with pale yellowish spots 
 on the costa and inner margin, of which the first is a spot on the inner 
 marfin near the base, then follows a rather oblique fascia before the 
 middle, broadest on the inner margin ; beyond arc two small spots at 
 the costa and one at the anal angle; cilia dark greyish-purple. Pos- 
 terior wings grey, with grey cilia. 
 
 A scarce species; I have seen only three British specimens, 
 
TINEA. 33 
 
 one of which was taken by Mr. Wilkinson, on a paling near 
 Hackney, in July ; the larva feeds in decayed wood (v. Heyden) . 
 
 18. misella, Zell. Isis, 1839, p. 184. ; H.-S. Tin. 41. f. 277.— 
 Knockiella, Sta. ; Hub. ? Alis anticis luteo-brunneis, lulescenle marmora- 
 tis, macula distincta disci pone medium saturate fusca, intcrdum macula 
 elongata obsoleta in medio plicaa saturate fusca, ciliis i'uscis dilute- 
 ochreo maculatis; alis posticis griseis, purpureo-linctis. Exp. al. 6-7 lin. 
 
 Head and face ochreous-fuscous. Palpi pale grey, externally fuscous. 
 Antenna; fuscous. Anterior wings yellowish-brown, marbled with pale 
 yellow, with a distinct dark fuscous spot on the disc beyond the middle, 
 and frequently an elongate dark fuscous, rather obsolete spot in the 
 middle of the fold ; cilia alternately fuscous and pale oehreous. Pos- 
 terior wings grey, with a purple gloss ; cilia grey. 
 
 Not common ; the perfect insect appears in June and August. 
 I have met with it in old hedges. 
 
 19. fuscipunctella, Haw. L. B. 562 (1829) ; Step. ; Sta. ; H.-S. 
 Tin. 44. f. 300.— spretella (Sta.); Zell.; W. V.?—fuscella, Linn.? 
 Alis anticis dilute griseo-fuscis, fusco valde suffusis, macula dorsi basim 
 versus, punctis tribus disci saturate fuscis, ciliis costalibus fuscis dilute- 
 ochreo varieyalis, niarginis postici dilute griseo-ochreis ; alis posticis ci- 
 nereis. Exp. al. 6-7 i lin. 
 
 Head and face ochreous-fuscous. Palpi pale oehreous, externally 
 fuscous. Antenna; fuscous. Anterior wings pale greyish-ochreous, much 
 suffused with fuscous, with a dark fuscous blotch on the inner margin 
 near the base, and a spot on the disc, one rather posterior to it on the 
 fold, before the middle, and a larger spot on the disc beyond the mid- 
 dle dark fuscous; cilia, at the apex of the costa fuscous, varied with pale 
 oehreous; at the hinder margin pale greyish-ochreous, with a dark fus- 
 cous line. Posterior wings whitish-grey, with paler cilia. 
 
 Not uncommon in houses; probably a general feeder, I have 
 bred it from dry peas; the perfect insect appears in June and 
 September. 
 
 20. pellionella, Linn. S. N. 536. 254 (1758); Fab.; Hub. 15 ; 
 Haw. ; Trait. ; Step. ; Dup. ; Zell. j H.-S. — sarcitella, Linn. ? — Zoole- 
 gella, Scop. ? Alis anticis griseo-ochreis, punctis tribus disci obsoletis 
 fuscis, macula dorsi basim versus obsoletiorc, ciliis dilute griseo-ochreis ; 
 alis posticis cinereis. Exp. al. 5J-6J- lin. 
 
 Head and face oehreous, slightly mixed with fuscous. Palpi and an- 
 tennas fuscous. Anterior wings greyish-ochreous, with three rather ob- 
 solete fuscous spots, one on the disc, and one rather beyond it on the 
 fold before the middle, and one on the disc beyond the middle ; there 
 is sometimes a faint dark spot on the inner margin near the base; cilia 
 wiicolorous, pale greyish-ochreous. Posterior wings whitish-grey, witli 
 whitish-ochreous cilia. 
 
 An abundant species in houses, found nearly throughout the 
 
 VOL. III. p 
 
34 TINEID/E. 
 
 year; the larva constructs a portable case of the substance on 
 which it is feeding ; it appears very partial to feathers. 
 
 21. pallescentella, Sta. Sup. Cat. p. 2 (1851). Alis anticis ci- 
 nereis, striis duabus ex basi (altera ubbrcviatn costam versus, altera elon- 
 gata plicae) f/tscis, punclis duobus pone medium disci albis. Exp. al. 7 
 lin. 
 
 " Like a large Pellionella, but with two brown streaks from the base 
 of the wing ; one along the costa, which soon ceases, the other in the 
 fold extending nearly to the anal angle ; beyond the middle are some 
 brown scales on the disc, and among them two while spots, having an 
 ocellated appearance j cilia pale cinereous, with some brown scales 
 round the extreme apex of the wing." 
 
 The above description is copied from my Sup. Cat. ; not having 
 had an opportunity of- again examining this species, of which I 
 believe two or three other specimens have occurred in Liverpool. 
 
 22. flavescentella, Haw. L. B. 564 (1829); Step. Alis an- 
 ticis dilute ochreis fusco-irroratis, punctis tribus disci saturate fuscis, 
 basicpie costas saturate fusca. Exp. al. 5i lin. 
 
 Head and face pale ochreous. l'alpi pale ochreous, externally fuscous. 
 Antenna; fuscous. Anterior wings pule ochreous, dusted with fuscous, 
 witli three dark fuscous spots, one on the disc, one beyond it on the 
 fold before the middle, and one on the disc beyond the middle ; the 
 extreme base at the costa is dark fuscous ; cilia pale ochreous. Pos- 
 terior wings pnle grey, with paler cilia. 
 
 In the collections of Mr. Shepherd and Mr. Curtis; I have 
 only seen two specimens. 
 
 23. Lapella, Hub. Tin. 232 (1801).— Lappella, Haw.; Step.; 
 Dup. ; II. -S. — tripunclella, Don. — ganomella, Treit. ; Zell. Alis anti- 
 cis dilute ochreis, postice grisoscente suffusis, costa basim versus saturate 
 fusca, puncto ovato plica, puncto purvo disci ante medium, puncloque ro- 
 
 tundo disci pone medium, nigris, squamis paucis dorsi, anguhuu analem 
 versus nigris. Exp. al. 7—7 i lin. 
 
 Head and face bright yellowish. Palpi dark fuscous; terminal joint 
 pale yellowish. Antennae dark fuscous. Anterior wings pale ochreous, 
 rather suffused with pale grey towards the apex ; the baml half of the costa 
 dark fuscous ; on the fold before the middle is an oval black spot, above 
 which, on the disc, is a smaller black spot, and beyond the middle of the 
 disc is a round black spot ; there are a few black scales on the inner 
 margin a little before the anal angle ; cilia ochreous. Posterior wings 
 grey, with a slight purple gloss, with pale greyish-purple cilia. 
 
 Not uncommon in old hedges, in May and August. 
 
 24. biselliella, Hummel, Ess. Ent. 3. 13. p. 6-13 (1823) ; Zell. ; 
 H.-S. — crinella, Treit. ; Dup. ; Zett. — destructor, Slep.—flavifronlellu, 
 W. V.?; Fab.? Alis anticis nitidis dilute ochreis iuimacu/alis, costam 
 versus juxla bnsim f'usco-tinctis. Exp. al. 6^-8 lin. 
 
TINEA. 35 
 
 Head and face rcddisli-ochrcous. Palpi pale oclireous. Antennae 
 pale greyish-ochreous. Anterior wings shining pale oclireous, immacu- 
 late ; towards the costa, near the base, slightly tinted with fuscous; 
 cilia pale oclireous. Posterior wings whitish, with pale oclireous cilia. 
 
 A very abundant and destructive species, most partial to horse- 
 hair linings of chairs, etc. The larva, which is dirty-whitish, and 
 makes no case, may be found nearly throughout the year. 
 
 25. simplicella, H.-S. Tin. 47. f. 322 (1851); Zcll.— angusti- 
 coslella, Sta. Alis anticis fitscis, lutescente-tinctis, dorsum versus dilu- 
 tioribus, ipsa cosla pone medium angusle lulea. Exp. al. 6 liu. 
 
 Head and face ferruginous. Palpi pale greyish-ochreous ; second 
 joint externally fuscous. Anteimse dark fuscous. Anterior wings fus- 
 aous, with a slight yellowish tinge, paler towards the inner margin, 
 and with the cosla beyond the middle narrowly pale yellowish ; cilia pale 
 greyish-fuscous. Posterior wings greyish-purple, with the cilia at first 
 fuscous, then whitish-grey. 
 
 Not common ; occurs near Dover and near Mickleham in July. 
 
 26. nigripunctella, Haw. L. B. 564 (1829) ; Step. ; Zell.-— pa- 
 rietariella, H.-S. Alis anticis lutescenlibus, punclis numerosis nigres- 
 ceulibus, margines versus conspicuoribus. Exp. al. 4£ lin. 
 
 Head and face yellowish. Palpi pale grey. Antenna! greyish. An- 
 terior wings yellowish, with numerous blackish spots, of which one in the 
 middle of the costa sometimes united with one rather beyond it on the 
 inner margin, and two opposite spots beyond the middle, also some- 
 times unitcil into a fascia, are the most conspicuous ; the hinder mar- 
 gin and apex of the costa are spotted with dark fuscous ; cilia pale 
 yellowish-grey. Posterior wings pale grey, with paler cilia. 
 
 This species, by no means common, has been taken in August, 
 near Bristol. It is probably double-brooded, appearing also in 
 May; the larva (according to Bruand) feeds in a case, on old 
 fences. 
 
 27. semifulvella, Haw. L.B. 562 (1829); Step.; H.-S.; Zell. 
 Alis anticis dilute ochrcis, rufo-ochreo suffusis, pra;cipue apicem versus, 
 costa basim versus rufo-fusca, macula minuta dorsi, unguium analem 
 versus, saturate fusca. Exp. al. 8 lin. 
 
 1 lead and face deep ferruginous. Palpi pale greyish-ochreous, ex- 
 ternally dark fuscous. Antennae greyish-fuscous. Anterior wings pale 
 oclireous, suffused with reddish-ochreous, especially towards the apex; 
 the basal half of the costa is reddish- fuscous ; a small dark fuscous spot 
 lies on the inner margin before the anal angle ; cilia reddish, externally 
 pale oclireous. Posterior wings grey, with paler cilia. 
 
 Not common; found occasionally on palings and among old 
 hedges in June. 
 
 28. bistrigella, Haw. L. B. 573 (1829); Step.; Sta.; Zell.— 
 
36 TINEID.E. 
 
 abalienella, Zett. — dilorella, H.-S. Tin. 39. f. 266. Alis anticis nitidis 
 fuscis, fascia recta ante medium, fascia interdum interrnpta pone medium, 
 punctoque posteriore disci (interdum obsoleto) albis ; capillis saturate 
 oclireo-fuscis. Exp. al. 4 lin. 
 
 Head dark ochreous-fuscous. Face pale oehreous. Palpi whitish. 
 Antennae fuscous. Anterior wings shining fuscous, with a straight white 
 fascia before the middle, and a rather curved one beyond the middle, some- 
 times divided into two opposite spots; beyond the latter, on the disc, is 
 a small whitish spot, sometimes however absent ; cilia fuscous, with the 
 tips whitish. Posterior wings pale grey, with paler cilia. 
 
 Not common ; in woods among mixed underwood in June ; in 
 England and the south of Scotland. 
 
 29. subammanella, Sta. Cat. p. 9 (1849); Id. Ent. Trans, i. n. s. 
 pi. 3. f. 8 ; Zell. Alis anticis pnrpureo-fu&as, fasciis duabus rectis 
 luieo-a\bis (altera ante, altera paullo post medium) puncto luteo-albo, 
 disci pone medium, ciliis purpureo-fuscis, ad apicem albidis. Exp. al. 
 3 lin. 
 
 Anterior wings pio-plish-hxscous, with two straight yellowish-white fas- 
 cia, one before, the other rather beyond, the middle ; beyond the latter is 
 a small yellowish-white spot on the disc ; cilia purplish-fuscous, at the 
 apex of the wing whitish. 
 
 My specimen, taken in Scotland in July 1848, among mixed 
 underwood, still remains unique. 
 
 30. argentimaculella, Sta. Cat. p. 6 (1849); Zell. Alis anticis 
 nitidis saturate fuscis, fascia obliqua ante, rnaculis oppositis pone me- 
 dium, punctisque apicem versus argenleis. Exp. al. 4 lin. 
 
 Head pale fuscous. Face and palpi white. Antenna; dark fuscous. 
 Anterior wings dark fuscous, rather shining, with an oblique silvery fas- 
 cia before the middle, sometimes interrupted on the fold ; beyond the 
 middle are two nearly opposite silvery spots ; the costal spot is narrow, 
 reaching half across the wing, the spot on the inner margin is some- 
 what triangular, hardly reaching to the fold ; a little above the anal 
 angle is a small round silvery spot, at the apex of the cosla are two, and 
 on the hinder margin are three silvery-white spots ; cilia fuscous, tips 
 whitish. Posterior wings greyish-fuscous, with paler cilia. 
 
 A scarce species; in the collections of Mr. Shepherd, Mr. 
 Doubleday, and Mr. Douglas; the latter took his specimen on 
 the Dartford Heath fence early in July. 
 
 31. ochraceella, Tengst. F. F.-F. 111. 15 (1848); Sta.; Zell.; 
 Scott (Zool. 1853, 4075). Alis anticis ochreis immaculatis, ipsa costa 
 ad basim nigrescente. Exp. al. 8-9 lin. 
 
 Head and face dark oehreous. Palpi dark fuscous ; terminal joint 
 dark oehreous. Antennae greyish. Anterior wings unicolorous-ochrvous ; 
 the edge of the costa at the base blackish ; cilia rather paler. Posterior 
 wings rather dark grey, with pale oehreous cilia. 
 
LAMPHONIA. 37 
 
 Not uncommon, in the Black Forest, in Perthshire, in ants' 
 nests, in July. 
 
 Genus VIII. LAMPRONIA. 
 
 Lampeonia, Zell. L. E. vi. 84 et 180 (1852).— Lampronia p., Step. ; 
 Curt. — Esperia p., Hub. V. — Tinea p., Zell. Isis, 1839. — Lampros 
 p. et Adela p., Zett. 
 
 Caput postice hirsutum, capillis in vertice ac fronte decumbenlibus. 
 
 Ocelli nulli. Antennae alis anterioribus breviores. Palpi maxillares 
 
 5-articulati, plicati. Palpi labiales cylindrici, pilosi; articuli secundi 
 
 apice supra setis paucis instructo. Haustellum subnullum. Alse 
 
 anteriores oblongo-ovatse : e cellula discoidali venae 5 in marginem 
 
 costalem prodeunt ; posteriores ovatse, ciliis breviusculis. 
 
 Head hairy behind, on the crown ami in front the hairs decumbent. 
 
 Ocelli none. Antennae moderately thick, not pectinated or ciliated, 
 
 shorter than the anterior wings. Maxillary palpi five-jointed, folded. 
 
 Labial palpi cylindric, hairy ; the apex of the second joint furnished 
 
 above with a few bristles. Tongue hardly perceptible. Anterior wings 
 
 oblong-oval. Posterior wings oval, with rather short cilia. From the 
 
 discoidal cell of the anterior wings, five veins run into the costa. 
 
 The perfect insects of this genus are gaily coloured, and fly freely 
 during the sunshine. The larvas of only two of them are known, 
 L. prcdatella and L. liubiella: these differ so much in habit that 
 they would hardly be expected to occur in the same genus. That 
 of L. prcelatella feeds under the leaves of the wild Strawberry, in 
 a flat case, shaped rather like the figure 8, which it applies by one 
 of its flat sides to the under side of the leaf ; it does not devour 
 the leaf at the spot where it is applied, but takes the precaution 
 to bring with it to its place of concealment a piece cut off from 
 the edge of the leaf, or of some neighbouring leaf, which it then 
 fastens to the under side of its case and consumes it at leisure ; 
 when the piece of leaf it has in store is large, the case is com- 
 pletely concealed between it and the leaf under which it reposes. 
 This pecubarity in the habit of this larva was detected by Mr. 
 Douglas, who found the larvas at West Wickham Wood, in Sep- 
 tember. L. liubiella, in the larva state, bores down the stem of 
 the young shoots of the Raspberry, as recorded by Bjerkauder in 
 in the 'Nova Acta Holmise/ in 1781, and recently observed by 
 Messrs. Doubleday, Logan, and Westwood. The larva of L. 
 quadripuncteUa feeds on the rose, but its habits have not yet 
 been observed. 
 
38 TINEID2E. 
 
 The species of this genus may be easily recognized thus : — 
 a. Anterior wings with indistinct, almost obsolete, pale spots. Sp. 1. 
 a a. Anterior wings with a pale fascia before the middle, and-pale op- 
 posite spots beyond the middle. Species 2 and 3. 
 a a a. Anterior wings with numerous small distinct pale spots. Sp. 4. 
 
 1. quadripunctella, Fab. S. I. ii. 298.52(1781); Haw.; Step. 
 — morosa, Zcll. — bipunctella, Dup. ? Alis anticis obscure fuscis, macula 
 triangulari dorsi punctoque parvo disci pone medium dilute luleis, puncto 
 costali posteriore dilutiorc, interdum obsoleto. Exp. al. 6 lin. 
 
 Head and face greyish-fuscous. Palpi whitish. Antenna; fuscous. 
 Anterior wings dull fuscous, with a pale yellowish, somewhat triangular 
 spot on the inner- margin beyond the middle, above which, on the disc, is 
 a minute pale yellowish spot, and on the costa, rather beyond, is a very 
 indistinct pale spot, in many specimens entirely wanting ; cilia greyish- 
 fuscous. Posterior wings greyish-fuscous, with paler cilia. 
 
 Common among hedge-roses in June ; flying freely in the early 
 morning in the sunshine. The larva feeds in May(?). 
 
 2. Luzella, Hub. Tin. 430 (1816) ; Step. ; Curt. B. E. fo. 639 ; 
 ZeW.—Jlavipunclella, Haw. ; Step. Alis anticis saturate purpureo-fus- 
 cis, fascia obliqua prope basim, maculis oppositis pone medium (dorsali 
 majore) dilute luteis. Exp. al. 5} lin. 
 
 Head dark purplish-fuscous. Face grey. Palpi pale grey. An- 
 tenna? fuscous. Anterior wings dark purplish-fuscous, with a pale 
 yellow, rather oblique fascia near the base, attenuated on the costa, and 
 sometimes interrupted ; beyond the middle are two pale yellow oppo- 
 site spots, of which that on the inner margin is the larger, and nearly 
 triangular ; cilia dark purplish-fuscous, the tips round the apex whit- 
 ish. Posterior wings dark fuscous, with a slight purple tinge ; cilia 
 paler. 
 
 Not common; occurs near London (at West Wickham), in De- 
 vonshire, and in the north of England, in June. 
 
 3. praelatella, W. V. 320. 46 (1776); Fab.; Hub. ; Haw.; 
 Step. ; Zcll. ; I-I.-S. — mcestella, llub.—Lnzella, Treit. ; Frey. N. B. ii. 
 60. pi. \'&%.—flavimitrella, Dup. — bifasciella, Fab.? Alis anticis satu- 
 rate fuscis, vix pur/wivo-li/ictis, puncto in medio baseos albido, fascia 
 fere recta ante medium, maculis suboppositis pone medium (costali ma- 
 jore) albidis. Exp. al. 9 lin. 
 
 Head pale ochrcous. Face whitish. Palpi whitish. Antenna! fus- 
 cous. Anterior wings dark fuscous, with a slight purplish gloss, with a 
 small whitish spot in the middle of the base, a nearly straight whitish 
 fascia before the middle slightly attenuated on the costa, and two 
 whitish nearly opposite spots beyond the middle, of which that on the 
 costa is the larger and posterior ; cilia dark purplish-fuscous, externally 
 whitish. Posterior wings greyish-fuscous, with a slight purplish gloss; 
 cilia grey. 
 
INCUttVARIA. 39 
 
 Common in woods in June. The larva feeds on Geum urba- 
 num and Fragaria vesca, from September to May. 
 
 4. Rubiella, Bjerk. N. A. II. 1781. p. 20. pi. 1. f. 6-10.— variella, 
 Fab. ; Treit. ; F. v. It. ; Zell. — marmorella, Fab. — corticella, Haw. ; 
 Step. — mullipunctella, Dup. Alis anticis nitidis fuscis luteo-punctatis, 
 raaculis duabus dorsi majoribus, quatuor costce minoribus luteis. Exp. 
 al. 5 lin. 
 
 Head ocliveous-grey. Face and palpi dirty-yellowish. Antennae 
 fuscous. Anterior wings shining fuscous, with numerous yellow dots, and 
 two conspicuous yellow spots on the inner margin, one before the middle, 
 the other near (lie anal angle, awl four smaller yellow spots on the costa; 
 cilia fuscous, witli the tips round the apex white. Posterior wings 
 fuscous, with paler cilia. 
 
 Not uncommon among raspberry-bushes in June. The larva 
 feeds under the fruit when young, hybernates without feeding, 
 and in the spring bores down the stems of the young shoots. 
 
 Genus IX. LAMPROSETIA, n. g. 
 
 Capilli supernc ac in fronte deprcssi, utroque latere supra oculos floc- 
 culo usque ad verticem producto. Ocelli nulli. Palpi maxillnres 
 breves. Palpi labiales cylindrici, tenues. Antennas alis anteriori- 
 bus breviores. Haustelluni subnullum. Ala; latiusculas, mediocriter 
 ciliatiE. 
 Head above and in front smooth, with hairs arising on each side above 
 
 the eyes, reaching nearly to the crown. Ocelli none. Maxillary palpi 
 
 short. Labial palpi cylindrical, slender. Antennae shorter than the 
 
 anterior wings. Tongue hardly perceptible. Wings rather broad, 
 
 with moderate cilia. 
 
 This singular genus contains only one species; the larva of 
 
 which feeds on " capillaire " (according to Bruaud) . 
 
 1 . Verhuellella, v. Hcyden (in litt.) Alis anticis nigrescentibus 
 
 violacco-tinctis ; alis posticis dilute fuscis violaceo-tinctis. Exp. al. 4-J 
 
 lin. 
 
 Head and face black. Palpi whitish. Antennas black. Anterior 
 
 wings blackish, with a slight violet gloss ; cilia paler. Posterior wings 
 
 pale fuscous, with a violet gloss, with grey cilia. 
 
 The only British specimens I have seen were taken by Mr. 
 
 Allen Hill, near Bristol; they are in very bad condition. Von 
 
 Heyden says of it, " very easily rubbed." 
 
 Genus X. INCURVARIA. 
 
 Incurvaiua, Haw. L. B. 559 (1829); Step.; Curt.; Zell. L. E. v.— 
 
40 TINEIDJE. 
 
 Incurvaria p., Dup.— Tinea p., Zell. Isia, 1839. — Esperia p., Hiib. 
 V.—Jdela p., Trek j Zett. 
 Caput superne et in fronte hirsutum. Ocelli nulli. Antennae alis an- 
 terioribus breviores. Palpi maxillares 5-articulati, plicati. Palpi 
 labiates oyliudrici, pilosi ; articuli secundi apice supra setis paucis in- 
 structo. Haustellum breve. Ala? anteriores oblongo-ovataj ; e cel- 
 lula discoidali vcn;e 5 in margineni costalem prodeunt ; posteriores 
 ovatoc (plcrumrjue piloso-squamula) ciliis breviusculis. 
 Head above and in front hairy. Ocelli none. Maxillary palpi five- 
 jointed, folded. Labial palpi cylindrical, hairy; the apex of the second 
 joint furnished above with a few bristles. Antennas shorter than the 
 anterior wings. Tongue short. Anterior wings oblong-ovate. Pos- 
 terior wings ovate (generally with hair-scales), with shortish cilia. 
 From the discoidal cell of the anterior wings five veins run into the 
 costa. 
 
 The perfect insects delight to fly in the sunshine, and I. mus- 
 calella is generally abundant at the beginning of May. The larva; 
 live in cases formed of pieces of dead leaves, and feed on the fallen 
 leaves during the autumn and winter. The larva however of I. 
 capitella burrows down the stems of the young shoots of currant- 
 bushes. 
 
 The species may be thus recognized : — 
 
 a. The posterior wings with elongate, hair-like scales. 
 
 b. Antenna; of the <$ pectinated. Species 1, 2. 
 
 b b. Antennas of the <$ simple, slender. Species 3. 
 a a. The posterior wings with broad scales. Species 4, 5. 
 
 1. muscalella, Fab. Man. ii. 24-9. 91 (1787).— masottlella, Hub.; 
 Z. g. S. ; Treit. ; Step. ; Curt. ; Dup. ; Zett. ; Zell. — musculo, Haw. — 
 
 ? spuria, Haw ; Step. ; Curt. — var. ? ru/imilrella, West. ; Sta. Alis 
 anticis nitidis saturate bruuneis, maculis duabus dorsi dilute luteis ( ? 
 macula parrs costali pone medium); capillis ferrugineis ,■ antennis j 1 
 pectinatis. Exp. al. 6 lin. 
 
 Bead and face ferruginous. Palpi pale grey. Antenna; (of the J 1 
 pectinated) dark fuscous. Anterior wings glossy dark brown, posteriory 
 with a few scattered yellowish scales, with two pale yellowish snpts on 
 the inner margin ; one in the middle reaching to the fold, the other 
 smaller at the anal angle (the ? has frequently a small pale yellowish 
 spot on the costa beyond the middle) ; on the disc, beyond the middle, 
 is a faint indication of a dark spot ; cilia dark brown. Posterior wings 
 greyish-fuscous, with a slight purplish gloss, with paler cilia. 
 
 Abundant in hedges in May. The larva; feed in cases, on fallen 
 leaves during the autumn and winter. 
 
 2. pectinea, Haw. L. B. 559 (1829).-^ec^'^/fl, Step. ; Curt.— 
 Zinckenii, Zell. ; H.-S. — masculella, var. Z. g. S. ; Treit. — masculella, 
 W. V. ? Alis anticis nitidis fnscis, maculis duabus dorsi dilute al- 
 
INOUltVAKlA. , 41 
 
 bido-liileis ; capillis fuscescentUnts ; ntitomiis jj peotinatis. Exp. al. 
 6 lin. 
 
 Head and face dark ochreoiis-fuscous (in the £ almost entirely fus- 
 cous). Palpi pale grey. Antennas (of the $ pectinated) dark fuscous. 
 Anterior wings shining fuscous, with rather a yellowish tint; on the 
 inner margin are two pale yellowish-white spots, one nearly in the mid- 
 dle reaching to the fold, the other smaller, at the anal angle ; on the 
 disc, beyond the middle, is a faint indication of a dark spot; cilia 
 fuscous. Posterior wings greyish-fuscous, with paler cilia. 
 
 Common among birches, at the end of April. The larvae feed 
 in cases on fallen leaves during (lie autumn and winter; when 
 young they mine (according to Zeller) the leaves of the birch, in 
 May and June, then descend by threads to the ground among the 
 fallen leaves. 
 
 3. tenuicornis, n. sp. Alis anticis unicoloribus fuscis ; alis pos- 
 ticis dilute griseo-fuscis ; capillis luteis; anteunis tenuibns. Exp. al. 7-i- 
 lin. 
 
 Head and face pale yellowish. Antenna slender, dark fuscous. An- 
 terior wings nnicoloro us fuscous, with paler cilia. Posterior wings pale 
 greyish-fuscous, with paler cilia. 
 
 Two specimens; one in Mr. Shepherd's and one in Mr. Tomp- 
 kins's collection. 
 
 4. Oehlmanniella, Hub. Tin. 184 (1801); Treit.j Step.; Curt.; 
 Bup. ; Zell. ; Licnig; H.-S. — Oehlmanni, Haw. Alis anticis nitidis 
 saturate fuscis, maculis duabus dorsi maculaque minors coslce apicem ver- 
 sus dilute luteis; antennis $ uon peotinatis. Exp. al. 6 lin. 
 
 Head and face ochreous. Palpi whitish. Antennas simple in both sexes, 
 fuscous. Anterior wings dark glossy fuscous, with two pale yellowish 
 spots on the inner margin, one before the middle, the other at the anal 
 angle; posterior to the latter, is a smaller spot on I lie casta. In the V 
 this spot is confluent with one immediately preceding it, and therefore 
 of larger size ; cilia dark fuscous. Posterior wings pale grey, with a 
 slight purplish tint, with paler eilia. 
 
 Not scarce ; occurring in woods in June. The larva; feed in 
 flat cases under the fallen leaves during the winter. 
 
 5. capitella, Lin. F. S. 1374 (1761); Fab.; Haw.; Step.; Zell.; 
 TI.-S. Alis anticis saturate fuscis, fascia obliqua costant versus attenuate 
 (interdum costam nan lain/cute) ante medium, maculisque oppositis pone 
 medium, dilute luteis. Exp. al. 7i lin. 
 
 Head and face ochreous. Palpi pale grey. Antenna; fuscous. An-. 
 tcrior wings (hirk fuscous, with a slight purple gloss; before (he 
 middle is a rather oblique pale yellowish fascia, much attenuated towards 
 the casta, which sometimes it does not reach ; beyond the middle are two 
 pale yellowish opposite spots, of nearly equal size, that on the inner 
 margin somewhat triangular, (hat on the eosta more rounded and 
 
42 TINEID/E. 
 
 slightly posterior; cilia dark purplish-fuscous, the tips at the apex 
 whitish. Posterior wings pale grey, with a slight purplish tinge; cilia 
 pale grey. 
 
 Common among currant-bushes at the end of May. The larva 
 is very injurious, eating the pith of the youug shoots, and betrays 
 its presence by the withering of the young leaves; when quite 
 young it is dark red, but when full-fed it is greenish-white. 
 
 Genus XI. MICROPTERYX. 
 
 MiCHor-TERYX, Zell. Isis, 1839. p. 185 ; Dup. Cat. — Microp/eri.r, lliib. 
 
 — Eriocephala, Curt. — Tinea p., Haw. — Adda p., Treat. ; Dup. L. F. 
 
 xi. ; Zett. — Lampronia p., Step. 
 Caput supcrne hirsutum, oiiutis siipcriorilms late nudls. Ocelli distincti, 
 
 ab oculis distantes. Palpi maxillares 6-articulati, plicati. Palpi 
 
 labialcs breves, cylindrici, pilosi. Antenna! alis antcrioribus brevi- 
 
 ores. Haustellum breve. Ai» antcriorcs oblongo-ovata: ; vena sub- 
 
 costalis ramos 4 in costam emittit. Posteriores ovata?, piloso-squa- 
 
 matre, ciliis mediocribus. 
 
 Head above clothed with long hairs, a broad space ahove each eye 
 naked. Ocelli distinct, rather remote from the eyes. Maxillary palpi 
 six-jointed, folded. Labial palpi short, cylindrical, hairy. Autennse 
 shorter than the anterior wings (in some of the species much shorter). 
 Tongue short. Anterior wings oblong-ovate, glossy and rather trans- 
 parent. Posterior wings ovate, rather transparent, clothed with long 
 hair-formed scales, with moderate cilia. 
 
 The perfect insects fly in the sunshine; the smaller species 
 among flowers in June ; the larger species among birches, etc., in 
 April and May. None of them appear to be double-brooded. 
 The larvae are still entirely unknown to us : this is the more un- 
 fortunate, as some of the species are so very similar in markings 
 and habits, that till we ascertain their transformations we cannot 
 feel confident of their distinctness. 
 
 The British species may be arranged in the following table : — 
 
 re. Small species. 
 
 b. Head ferruginous. 
 
 c. Anterior wings unicolorous in both sexes. Species 1. 
 
 c c. Anterior wings of the <$ with silvery fascia3. Species 2, 3. 
 
 b b. Head black. Species 4. 
 a a. Species of intermediate size. Head ferruginous. Species 5, 6. 
 a a a. Species of larger size. 
 
 d. Head dark fuscous. Species 7, 10. 
 
 dd. Head cinereous. Species 8, 9, 11, 12. 
 
 1. Calthella, Lin. F. S. 1432 (1761); Fab. ; W. V. ; Schr.; Haw.; 
 
MICROPTEItYX. 43 
 
 Trait.! Step.; T)up. ; Curt. B. E. fo. 751; Zell. ; Sta.—sulcatella, 
 Bent. Alis anticis viridi-aureis, paullulum purpureo-tinctis, basi usque 
 ad dorsum purpurea; capillis ferrugineis. Exp. al. J 3;V; ? 4 lin. 
 
 1 1 end and face ferruginous. Antennas dark fuscous. Anterior wings 
 greenish-golden, slightly tinted with purple, with the entire base (from 
 the eosta to the inner margin) purple ; cilia golden-grey. Posterior 
 wings pale grey, towards the apex purplish, with greyish cilia. 
 
 Abundant in May and June, on the flowers of the Callhajja- 
 lustris, and other Ranunculaceee ; also frequenting Carices. 
 
 2. Aruncella, Scop. F. C. 254. 660 (1763); Zell.; Sta.— con- 
 cinnella, Step. ? Alis anticis aureo-brunneis, bast costre purpurea ( J 1 
 punoio disci basim versus fasciaque lenui recta in medio argenteis) ; ca- 
 pillis ferrugineis. Exp. al. 3£ lin. 
 
 Head and face ferruginous. Antennas dark fuscous. Anterior wings 
 golden-brown, with the costa at the base purple (in the male with a 
 small silvery spot on the disc, not far from the base, and a straight, 
 slender, silvery fascia in the middle) ; cilia golden-grey. Posterior 
 wings grey, towards the apex purplish, with greyish cilia. 
 
 Not common ; appears in June. 
 
 3. Seppella, Fab. 0.1.296(1776); Haw.; Step.; Sta.— Podevi- 
 nella, Dup. ; Hub. ? Treit. ? — eximiella, Zell. — $ Calthella, Bent. Alis 
 anticis viridi-aureis, basi costa purpurea, ( J 1 macula transversa ante me- 
 dium, fascia subobliqua in medio, ptmctoque costam versus pone medium 
 argenteis); capillis ferrugineis. Exp. al. $ 3 ; $ SJ- lin. 
 
 Head and face ferruginous. Antenna; dark fuscous. Anterior wings 
 greenish-golden, with the costa at the base purple (in the male a little 
 before the middle is a transverse silvery spot, not reaching either mar- 
 gin, and in the middle is a rather oblique silvery fascia, beyond the 
 middle is a small silvery spot near the costa) ; cilia golden-grey. Pos- 
 terior wings pale grey, towards the apex purplish, with pale grey cilia. 
 
 Common in June among various flowers ; particularly partial to 
 the Veronica Chamadrys. 
 
 4. Mansuetella, Zell. Schles. Schm. tausch-bcr. 1844, p. 16; 
 Sta. Alis anticis dilute viridi-aureis, basi, fascia ante medium, apiceque 
 obsolete purpureis ; capillis alris. Exp. al. 4 lin. 
 
 Head and face deep bluish-black. Antenna: black. Anterior wings 
 pale golden-green, with the base, a fascia before the middle, and the 
 entire apical portion of the wing, indistinctly purplish ; cilia grey. 
 Posterior wings greyish-purple, with greyish cilia. 
 
 Frequents woods in May and June; among Mercurialis per- 
 ennis and other flowers. 
 
 5. Allionella, Fab. E. S. iii. 2. 321. 148 (1794); Zell.; Sta.— 
 anmanella, Hub. j Treit.; Step.; Zett. — Meriatwlla, Charp. ; Z. g. S. ; 
 
 W. V. ? — var. ? ammanalla, Dup. Alis anticis purpureis, fascia fere 
 
recta propc basim, fascia obliqua in medio maculaquc pone medium 
 juxta costam dilute aureis ; capillis fcrrugineis. Exp. al. 4.1 lin. 
 
 Head and feoe ferruginous. Palpi pale grey. Antennas black. An- 
 terior wings purple, with a pale golden almost straight fascia not far 
 from the base, a rather oblique pale golden fascia in the middle and 
 towards the apex, a pale golden spot immediately below the costa; 
 cilia greyish-purple. Posterior wings pale greyish-purple ; cilia greyish. 
 
 Occurs in woods in May and June. Not common in the south 
 of England ; more frequent in the midland counties and the North. 
 Taken abundantly among oaks and honeysuckle, near Birming- 
 ham, by the Rev. Mr. Simkiss. 
 
 6. Tunbergella, Fab. Man. ii. 253. 131 (1787).-— Thmbergella, 
 Gmel. ; VOL ; Fab. E. S. ?—rubrifasciella, Haw. ; Sta. ; 7A\.—Andcr- 
 schella, Treit. ; Pup. ; Lienig. — lhdlwUjella, Step. Alis anticis dilute 
 viridi-aureis, macula costali, fascia abbrcviata obliqua ante medium, 
 fascia ad costam furcata pone medium, maonlaque apieem versus rufes- 
 centibus; capillis ferrugineja. Exp. al. t.V lin. 
 
 Head and face ferruginous. Antenna; dark fuscous. Anterior wings 
 shining, pale golden-green, with reddish markings, viz. a spot on the 
 costa near the base, an oblique fascia before the middle, not reaching 
 to the inner margin, a fascia beyond the middle, furcate on the costa, 
 and frequently connected with a spot towards the apex of the wing ; 
 cilia purplish-fuscous. Posterior wings pale grey, with a purplish tint 
 towards the apex ; cilia pale gre.y. 
 
 Not scarce, among beeches, in May. 
 
 7. purpurella, Haw. L. E. 571 (1829); Step.; Sta.; Zell.— 
 rubro-aurella, Haw. ? Step. ? — cicatrkella, Zett. ? Alis anticis dilute 
 aureis purpureo-retieulatis, venisque purpureii, macula pone medium 
 dorsi dilute aurea ; capillis saturate fascia j antcunis diiuidio alarum an- 
 ticannn brevioriius. Exp. al. 5 lin. 
 
 Head and face dark fuscous. Antenna; not half lin: length of the 
 anterior wings, dark fuscous. Anterior wings pale golden, with a slight 
 greenish tinge, much reticulated with purple, and with the veins also 
 purple, a pale spot of the ground-colour appears beyond the middle of 
 the inner margin; cilia grey. Posterior wings grey, slightly purplish 
 towards the apex ; cilia grey- 
 
 Common in April among birches, preferring calm, sunny after- 
 noons; it is especially abundant at, Darenth Wood. 
 
 8. Salopiella, n. sp. Mis anticis laUusculis dilute aureis, pur- 
 pureo valde sull'usis, venisque purpureis, macula dorsali majore pone 
 medium dilute aurea; capillis luteo-cinereis ; antennis dimidium alarum 
 anticarum eequantibus. Exp. al. i\~:> lin. 
 
 Head and face yellotoish-grey. Antennas dark fuscous, about half the 
 length of the anterior wings. Anterior wings rather short and broad, 
 pale golden, much suffused with purple, the veins also purple, beyond 
 
MICKOPTEBYX. 45 
 
 the middle of the inner margin is a conspicuous rather triangular spot, of 
 i lie pale ground-colour, which reaches fully half across the wing ; on the 
 costa, a little beyond it, is a small less distinct pale spot, and there are 
 faint indications of a pale spot on the fold before the middle ; cilia 
 purplish-fuscous, opposite the pale spot of the inner margin pale golden. 
 Posterior wings pale grey, towards the apex purplish, with paler cilia. 
 
 Taken freely, along with the preceding, by Mr. Salt, near Shrews- 
 bury, in April, 1853, in a wet place among birches. 
 
 9. semipurpurella, Step. H. iv. 359 (1835) ; Sta. ; ZeU. ? L. E. v. 
 — Solierella, Dup.- auripulverella, Evcrs. ? — amentella,2e)l.? Ent. Ztg. 
 1850. Alis anticis purpureis, dilute aureo-irroratis, macula transversa 
 pone medium dorsi, dilute aurea; capillis ciuereo-fttscis ; antennis di- 
 midio alarum anticarum lougioribus. Exp. al. 5.\-G lin. 
 
 Head and face yrei/ish-fuscous. Antenna; dark fuscous, more than 
 half the length of the anterior wings. Anterior wings purple, irrorated 
 with pale golden, and with a large pale golden spot beyond the middle 
 of flic inner margin, reaching half across the wing ; cilia grey. Pos- 
 terior wings grey, with a slight purplish tinge towards the apex ; cilia 
 grey, paler towards the anal angle. 
 
 Common among birches in April. (In Continental specimens 
 of J/, amentetta I have before me, the anterior wings appear 
 shorter and more rounded than in M. scm.ipiir/mrella.) 
 
 10. unimaculella, Zett. I. L. 1008 (1840); Sta.— purpnrella, 
 var. /;. ZeU. — unipuuetella, Dup. ? Alis anticis dilute aureis, purpureo 
 valde suffusis, macula transversa tenui, pone medium dorsi, plicam 
 transeiinte, luleu-allm ; capillis saturate fascis ; antennis dimidium alarum 
 anticarum a:quant,ibus. Exp. al. 5 lin. 
 
 Head and face ilurk fuscous, mixed with grey. Antennas dark fus- 
 cous, about half the length of the anterior wings. Anterior wings pale 
 golden-green, almost entirely suffused with purple, leaving however a 
 conspicuous yellowish-white spot beyond the middle of the inner mar- 
 gin ; this spot is rather narrow, slightly curved outwardly, and reaching 
 about half across the wing ; cilia grey. Posterior wings pale grey, with 
 a purplish tinge towards the apex; cilia greyish. 
 
 Occurs among birches in April. Not uncommon at West 
 Wiekhani Wood; but does not seem to occur at Darenth Wood, 
 where M. purpurella is so plentiful. 
 
 11. Sparmannella, Bose. Lin. Trans, i. 197. pi. 17. f. f>, 7 
 (1791); Fab.; Dup.; ZeU.; Sta. — auropurpurella, Haw.; Step. Alis 
 anticis latiusculis aureis, pnlcherrime purpureo-reticulatis, macula aurea 
 dorsi pone medium; capillis eincrcis. Exp. al. 41 lin. 
 
 Head and face greyish, slightly mixed with dark fuscous. Antennas 
 dark fuscous, not half as long as the anterior wings. Anterior wings 
 golden, delicately reticulated with purple, with a spot on the inner 
 margin beyond the middle, of unretieulatcd ground-colour ; cilia alter- 
 
46 TINEID.E. 
 
 nately yellowish -grey and fuscous. Posterior wings pale greyish-purple ; 
 cilia pale yellowish. 
 
 Less common than the allied species ; occurs among birches in 
 April and May. 
 
 12. subpurpurella, Haw. L. B. 571 (1829) j Step.; Sta. ; Zell.— 
 Bonzelella, Dup. ? — var. ? fastuosella, Zell. ; Sta. Alis anticis dilute 
 viridi-aureis, macula obsoleta dilutiore pone medium dorsi, squamis 
 sparsis disci purpureis ; capillis cinereis. Exp. al. 6 lin. 
 
 Head and lace pale greyish-fuscous. Antennas fuscous, more than 
 half the length of the anterior wings. Anterior wings pale golden- 
 green, with a faint appearance of a paler spot on the inner margin be- 
 yond the middle, and between this and the apex of the wing, is a still 
 more indistinct pale spot ; on the disc arc a few isolated purple scales 
 (in some specimens these are much more numerous, these then become 
 M. fastuosella) ; cilia greyish-fuscous. Posterior wings pale grey, with 
 the apex purplish; cilia greyish. 
 
 Common among oaks in May. I have taken many of the va- 
 riety fastuosella, on a paling under oaks, near Beckeuhain. 
 
 Genus XII. NEMOPHORA. 
 
 Nemophoua, Hub. V. 417 (1810) ; Dup. Cat. ; Zell. L. E. v. Ne- 
 matopogon, Zell. Isis, 1839. Alucila p., Fab. Cnpillaria p., Haw. 
 Adela p., Treit. ; Curt. ; Step. ; Hup. L. P. si. ; Zett. 
 Caput supernc hirsutum, capillis in fronte decumbentibus. Ocelli 
 nulli. Antenna longissima, articulo basali incnissato. Palpi max.il- 
 larcs B-articulati, plicati. Palpi labiales breves, cylindrici, pilosi, 
 Haustellum mediocre. Also antcriores elongato-ovatre ; vena sub- 
 costalis ramos tres in costam emittit, (juorum tcrtius furcatus est. 
 Postcriorcs ovate, basim versus piloso-squamata:, ciliis mediocribus. 
 I had above hairy; hairs in front decumbent. Ocelli none. An- 
 tenna very long, more than twice the length of the anterior wings ; the 
 basal joint thickened. Maxillary palpi five-jointed, folded. Labial 
 palpi short, cylindrical, hairy. Tongue of moderate length. Anterior 
 wings elongate-ovate. Posterior wings ovate, towards the base with 
 elongate hair-like scales, with moderate cilia. (N. pilella has all the 
 scales (if the posterior wings of the elongate hair-like form, and N. 
 Carteri has none of this form, and is further singular in the shape of 
 the posterior wings, the apical vein of which is furcate.) The subcostal 
 vein of the anterior wings emits three branches towards the costa, of 
 which the third is furcate. 
 
 These insects frequent hedges and woods; they fly in the dusk 
 of evening, but are readily started from their retreats during the 
 
NEMOPHOltA. 47 
 
 day. The larvfe of none of them are yet known. The British 
 species are all very similar, with pale ochreous-grey anterior 
 wings. 
 
 1. Swammerdammella, Lin. S. N. (10) 540. 284 (1758) ; Fab.; 
 W. V. ; Hub. ; Schr. ; Treit. ; Step. ; Dup. j Zell. j Sta.— Swammer- 
 dami, Haw. Alis anticis unicoloribus sericeis, dilute ochreis, obsoletis- 
 sirne obscuriore-reticulatis, ciliis dilute oclireis, externe fuscis ; alis pos- 
 ticis dilute griseis, ciliis dilute ochreis, Exp. al. 10 liu. 
 
 Head dark oclireous. Face and palpi pale greyish-ochreous. An- 
 tennae whitish-ochrcous. Anterior wings unicolorous, shining, pale 
 oclireous, with very obsolete darker reticulations ; cilia pale oclireous, 
 the tips somewhat fuscous. Posterior wings pale grey, \vii\\ pale oclire- 
 ous cilia. 
 
 Common in woods, from the end of May to the middle of 
 June. 
 
 2. Schwarziella, Zell. Isis, 1839. p. 185 ; Sta. ; H.-S.— var. seri- 
 cinella, Sta. (non Zell.) — Robertella, Lin. ? — Panzeri, Haw. ? — pilea, 
 Haw.? — Panzerella, Step.P; Hup.? Alis anticis elongatis sericeis di- 
 lute oclireis, obsolete obscuriore-reticulatis, ciliis dilute oclireis; alis 
 posticis dilutis griseis, ciliis dilute griseis. Exp. al. 8 lin. 
 
 Head dark oclireous. Face and palpi pale ochreous-grey. Antennnc 
 whitish. Anterior wings rather elongate, with the apex somewhat 
 pointed, shining, pale oclireous, obscurely reticulated with darker, and 
 a faint fuscous spot at the termination of the discoidal cell ; cilia pale 
 oclireous. Posterior wings pale grey, with pale grey cilia, towards the 
 anal angle rather inclining to oclireous. 
 
 Commoner than the preceding; frequent in hedges in May 
 and June. 
 
 3. Carteri, n. sp. Alis anticis elongatis sericeis ochreis, posticc 
 vix obscuriore-reticulatis, ciliis dilute oclireis, externe fuscis ; alis pos- 
 ticis apice acuto, saturate griseis, ciliis interne griseis, externe dilute 
 ochreis. Exp. al. 9 lin. 
 
 Head dark oclireous. Face and palpi whitish. Antennas white. 
 Anterior wings rather long, with the apex somewhat pointed, shining 
 oclireous, posteriorly with hardly perceptible darker articulations ; cilia 
 pale oclireous, the tips somewhat fuscous. Posterior wings with the 
 apex rather pointed, dark grey ; cilia at first grey, then pale oclireous. 
 
 A single specimen, in the collection of Mr. Carter, of Man- 
 chester. 
 
 4. pilella, W. V. 142. 6 (1776); Fab.; Hub. ; Treit.; Zell.; 
 H.-S.; Sta.; Dup.?; Zctt. P Alis anticis breoiimculis sericeis dilute 
 
 fuscis, obscuriore-reticulatis, ciliis griseo-fuscis ; alis posticis griseo-fus- 
 cis, ciliis saturate griseis. Exp. al. 8 lin. 
 
 Head dark ochreous. Face and palpi whitish. Antennae whitish. 
 
' 
 
 48 tiniidi:. 
 
 Anterior wings rather short, with the apex slightly rounded, shining, 
 pale fuscous, with darker reticulations; cilia greyish-fuscous. Posterior 
 wings greyish-fuscous, with a slight violet gloss, with dark grey cilia. 
 
 Not common; appears in June. Mr. Weaver has met with it 
 in Scotland. 
 
 5. Metaxella, Hub. Tin. 413 (1816); Trcit. ; Dup.; ZeU.j Sta. 
 — Eoberlellu, Step. ? Alis anticis breviuscidis, apice rotuudato, scriceis 
 dilute ochreia obsolete fuscescente-reticulatis, ciliis dilute ochreis, cx- 
 terne fuscis; alis postieis griscis, ciliis ochreis. Exp. al. 7-7 V tin. 
 
 Head dark ochreous. Face and palpi whitish. Antennae white. 
 Anterior wings rather short, with the apex rounded, shining, pale ochre- 
 ous, obscurely reticulated with pale fuscous, and a faint fuscous spot 
 at the termination of the discoidal cell ; cilia pale ochreous, with the 
 tips somewhat fuscous. Posterior wings grey, with ochreous cilia. 
 
 Not uncommon in chalky places, in May and June. 
 
 Genus XIII. ADELA. 
 
 Adela, Lat. II. N. xiv. 253 (1805); Zell.— Alucita, Lat. R. A.— Alu- 
 cita p., Fab. — Capillaria p., Haw. — Adela p., Trait. ; Curt. ; Step.; 
 Dup.; Zett. 
 Caput superne birsutum, epiatomio plerumque lamgato. Ocelli nulli. 
 Palpi niaxillarcs nulli. Palpi labiates cylindrici, infra hirsuti. llaus- 
 tellum mediocre. Oculi in utrogue sexu valde dislantes. Antenna 
 corporc multo lonrjiores, basim versus incrassata3, ? breviorcs basi 
 villosa. Al:e antcriores oblongee, venis quinque in marginem pos- 
 ticum excuntibus; ala; postcriores oblongo-ovat;e, mediocriter ci- 
 liatse. 
 
 Head above hairy ; the face mostly smooth. Ocelli none. Maxillary 
 palpi none. Labial palpi cylindric, beneath hairy. Tongue of mode- 
 rate length. Eyes remote in both sexes. Antenna? much longer than 
 the body, slightly thickened towards the base ; in the $ shorter and at 
 the base downy'. Anterior wings oblong. Posterior wings oblong- 
 ovate, with moderate cilia. From the discoidal cell of the anterior 
 wings, five veins run into the hinder margin. 
 
 The perfect insects of this genus frequent flowers and trees, and 
 delight to fly in the sunshine. A. vmdella Hies in swarms like 
 gnats round the twigs of oaks. A.fibidella often abounds on the 
 flowers of Veronica Chamcedrys in the middle of the day, but con- 
 ceals itself securely before evening. None of the larvae have yet 
 been detected, excepting that of A. Degeerella (figured by Fischer 
 von Eiislerstamm), which lives in aflat case, under fallen leaves in 
 the winter, and feeds in the early spring on Anemone nemorosa, 
 Humes, and Alsine mcilia. 
 
ADELA. 4U 
 
 This genus certainly requires subdivision, hardly two species 
 showing an entire accordance; the British species may be arranged 
 in the following table : — 
 
 a. Antennae not much longer than the body, in both sexes nearly of 
 equal length. Face roughly haired nearly to the mouth. Species 1. 
 
 a a. Antenna; considerably longer than the body, in the $ generally 
 shorter than the <J . Pace, at least beneath, clothed with smooth 
 scales. 
 
 b. Head densely haired. Antennas of the $ nearly as long as in the 
 $ ; only the lower part of the face smooth. Species 2. 
 
 b b. Head thinly haired. Antenna of the $ very long, of the ? much 
 shorter. Face quite smooth. Species 3, 4. 
 ii a a. Antenna; long, in the $ shorter. Face and legs of the £ very 
 hairy. 
 
 c. Tongue and basal joint of the antenna; of the $ very hairy. The 
 basal half of the antennas of the ? much thickened ; face of the ? 
 smooth. Species 5. 
 
 c c. Tongue and basal joint of the antennae in the (J not hairy. 
 The basal half of the antenna; of the ? not thickened ; face of 
 the $ hairy. Species 6. 
 
 Several other species are known on the continent. 
 
 L FU> ulella, W. V.143. 33 (1776); Dup.; H.-S.; Zell. ; Fab.P 
 —Fruohii, Haw. — Latreillella, Step. ? AKs auticis cupreo-fuscis, ma- 
 cula dorsi pone medium transversa dilute lutea. Exp. al. 4£ lin. 
 
 Head, face, and palpi black. Antenna; black, the last fourth white. 
 Anterior wings coppery-fuscous, with a pale yellowish spot near the 
 base, not touching either margin (sometimes wanting), and on the 
 inner margin beyond the middle a transverse pale yellowish spot, fre- 
 quently leaching more than half across the wing ; cilia coppery-fuscous. 
 Posterior wings dark violet-fuscous, with paler cilia. 
 
 Abundant in May and June on the Mowers of Veronica Cha- 
 
 2. rufimitrella, Scop. F. C. 251. 619 (1763); Zell. L. E. viii. 
 —Fnschella, Hub.; Treit. ; Dup.; Zell. Isis, 1839.— Reaumnrella, 
 step. ? Alis anticis saturate viridi-neneis, costam versus paullulum cu- 
 preo-tinctis. Exp. al. 4-J- lin. 
 
 Head behind greyish-o'chrcous ; in front and the face dark fuscous, 
 inclining to black. Antenme purplish-black. Anterior wings dark 
 bronzy-green, towards the costa rather coppery; cilia bronzy-grey. 
 1 ostenor wings wings dark violet-fuscous, with dark grey cilia. 
 
 Common in May, in meadows, on the flowers of Cardamine 
 
 3. Sulzella, W. V. 143. 24 (1776); Hub.; Treit.; Step.; Dup. 
 — Sidlm, Haw.— Sukeriella, H.-S.; Zell.— Podaella, Don.; Linn.? 
 A lis anticis luteis, saturate violaceo-fusco striatis, fascia paullulum none 
 
 vol. in. r „ v 
 
medium ltitea (ad dorsum latiorc) saturate violaceo marginata. Exp. al. 
 (sex) 6 lin. 
 
 Head dark greyish-ochrcous. Face silvery-grey. Antennaj towards 
 the base black, then white (in the ? the basal half is much thickened 
 with violet-fuscous scales). Anterior wings yellow, with the base and 
 numerous longitudinal streaks to the middle dark violet-fuscous; a 
 Utile beyond the middle is a slightly curved yellow fascia, broadest on 
 the inner margin, bordered on each side by dark violet fasciaj ; the 
 apical portion of the wing is yellow, with the veins and all the margins 
 dark violet-fuscous; cilia dark violet-fuscous. Posterior wings dark 
 purplish-fuscous, with paler cilia. 
 
 On chalky soils in the south of England ; not uncommon in 
 June. 
 
 4. Degeerella, Linn. P. S. 1393 (1761); Fab.; Lat. ; Treit. ; 
 Step.; F. v. It. pi. C6 ; Dup. ; Zell.j Zett»—GeereUa, Hub.— Degeerii, 
 Haw. — Croesella, Scop. — slriatella, Fab. — $ Sullzella, Linn.? Alis 
 anticis ochrco-fuscis, obscure lutco-striatis, fascia poslica lutea saturate 
 violacco-fusco marginata. Exp. al. (novem) S) lin. 
 
 Head dark yellow. Face silvery-violet. A ntennas towards the base 
 violet-fuscous, then white (in the °. the basal half is much thickened 
 and violet-black). Anterior wings violet-fuscous, streaked with dingy- 
 yellow, with a nearly straight bright yellow fascia, decidedly beyond the 
 middle, slightly expanded on the inner margin, and bordered on each 
 side with dark' violet-fuscous ; the apical portion of the wing is entirely 
 violet-fuscous, except the space between the veins, which is frequently 
 dark yellow ; cilia dark violet-fuscous. Posterior wings dark violet- 
 fuscous, with dark grey cilia. 
 
 A common species in June in woods in the south of England ; 
 also at Keswick; generally flics in small companies of half-a- 
 dozen (male) individuals. The larva feeds in flat cases under 
 fallen leaves on the wood anemone, and other low-growing plants, 
 in the spring. 
 
 5. viridella, Scop. F. C. 250. 645 (1763) ; W. V. ; Treit. ; Step.; 
 Zell. ; H.-S. — viridis, Haw. — vindella, Fab. — Sphingiella, Hub. — Bsau- 
 murella, Dup. ; Clerck ? Alis anticis nitidis viridi-aneis, costa pone 
 medium cuprco-tincta. Exp. al. 7i lin. 
 
 Head, face, and palpi black. Antenna: white, towards the base 
 spotted with .black (in the $ the head is dark grey, and the slightly 
 thickened antenna! violet-black at the base). Anterior wings bright 
 bronzy-green, with a slight coppery tinge along the costa beyond the 
 middle; cilia bronzy-fuscous. Posterior wings dark violet-fuscous, 
 with dark grey cilia. 
 
 Abundant in most oak-woods; the males flying in little swarms 
 of about twenty individuals round the ends of the oak-boughs ; at 
 the end of May and beginning of June. 
 
NEM0T0I9. 51 
 
 6. cuprella, Pab. ; Treit. ; Dup. ; Zell. ; Sta. ; U.S. ; W. V. ? 
 Hiib.P Step.? — g fsneella, Zett. — ? crinitella, Zett. — Raaumurella, 
 Linn. P Alis anticis viridi-ameis, cupreo-violaceo-linclis, prsecipue cos- 
 tarn et marginem posticum versus. Exp. al. 7i lin. 
 
 Head, face, and palpi black (in the $ ferruginous). Antenna: white, 
 towards the base spotted with black. Anterior wings bronzy-green, 
 with a coppery-violet tint, especially towards the costa and hinder mar- 
 gin ; cilia bronzy-fuscous. Posterior wings dark purplish-fuscous, with 
 slightly paler cilia. 
 
 Appears at the end of April, frequenting the sallows while in 
 bloom; occurs on Wimbledon Common. 
 
 Genus XIV. NEMOTOIS. 
 
 Nemotois, Zell. ; Dup. Cat. Alucita p., Pab. Capillaria p., Haw. 
 Adela p., Treit. ; Curt. ; Step. ; Dup. L. P. ; Zett. Epityphia ct 
 Nemotois p., Hub. 
 
 Caput superuc hirsutum, epislomio lavigalo. Ocelli nulli. Palpi maxil- 
 lares nulli. Palpi labiales cylindrici, infra hirsuti, $ breviores. 
 llaustellum mediocre. OculifJ magni, approximati; $ rainores, valde 
 distautes. Antenna; corporc mitlto longiores, basim versus incrassataj, 
 ac plerumquc barbatce ; ? breviores. Ala; antcriores oblonga; ; venis 
 quinque in marginem posticum excuutibus. Ala; posteriores ob- 
 longo-ovata; medioeriter oiliatSB. 
 
 Head above hairy ; the face smooth. Ocelli none. Maxillary palpi 
 none. Labial palpi cylindric, beneath hairy (in some species extremely 
 so), in the ? shorter. Tongue of moderate length. Eyes of the £ targe 
 and approximating, of the ? smaller and remote. Antenna; very con- 
 siderably longer than the body, thickened towards the base, and not 
 unfrcqucntly with projecting scales ; in the ? shorter. Anterior wings 
 oblong. Posterior wings oblong-ovate, with moderate cilia. Prom the 
 discoidal cell of the anterior wings, five veins run into the hinder margin. 
 The perfect insects of this genus arc mostly splendid beyond 
 description ; they frequent flowers in the sunshine. Of the habits 
 and food of the larva nothing is known ; the acuminate, elongate 
 abdomen of the ? of N. Scalriosellus would imply that the eggs 
 were deposited in some substance, and Zeller has observed them 
 boring into the flowers of Scabiosa arvensis (as though with a 
 view of depositing their eggs there). 
 
 The genus is susceptible of subdivision, from the structure of 
 the abdomen of the ? . The British species may be easily dis- 
 tinguished as follows : — 
 
 a. Abdomen of the $ very narrow ; the terminal half nearly bare. An- 
 terior wings with no dark fascia ; yellowish-bronze. Species 1 . 
 
52 TINEID/E. 
 
 a a. Abdomen of the ? rather narrow, with the ovipositor bare. An- 
 terior wings with a shadowy dark fascia. 
 b. Antennas of the $ , towards the base, thickened. Species 2. 
 b b. Antennas of the $ , towards the base, not thickened. Sp. 3, 4. 
 
 1. Scabiosellus, Scop. P. C. 250. 644 (1703); Treit. ; Hup. ; 
 Zett. ; H.-S. ; Zell. —cuprea, Knv/.—Frischella, Curt. B. E. fo. 463 ; 
 Step. Alis antieis flavido-eeneis, costara versus saturatioribus, apiccm 
 versus flavido-suffusis. Exp. al. 9 lin. 
 
 Head ferruginous. Face silvery-grey. Palpi ochreous-fuscous. An- 
 tenna! at the base violet-black and rather thickened ; the last two-thirds 
 white. Anterior wings yellowish-bronze, along the costa rather darker, 
 towards the apex more yellowish ; cilia bronzy-fuscous. Posterior 
 wings dark purplish-fuscous, with cilia of the same colour. 
 
 Not uncommon (but rather local) in June, frequenting the 
 flowers of Scal/iosa arvensis and Columbaria. 
 
 2. cupriacellus, Hub. Tin. 445 (1822) ; Zell. — cypriacella, Dup.; 
 II. -S ; Treit. ? ? Alis antieis antice viridi-aureis, postice nitide cu- 
 preis, fascia media saturatiore obsolcta ; antennis dimidio basali in- 
 crassaiis. Exp. al. 7 lin. 
 
 Female. Head ferruginous. Pace brilliant metallic. Palpi pale fer- 
 ruginous, mixed with fuscous. Antennre towards the base rather 
 thickened, bluish-black, with the last third white. Anterior wings 
 golden-green nearly to the middle, there brilliant coppery, with only a 
 faint indication of a darker fascia ; cilia coppery-fuscous. Posterior 
 wings purplish-fuscous ; cilia the same colour. 
 
 I am unacquainted with the male of this species. Mr. Douglas 
 took several fine specimens (all females) at Sanderstead in June. 
 
 3. fasciellus, Fab. S. E.670. 18 (1775); Step — fascia, Haw.— 
 ScMffermiillerella , W. V. ; Hub. ; Treit. ; Hup. ; H.-S. — ScItiJI'muillc- 
 rellus, Zell. L. E. viii. Alis antieis nitide cupreis ipsa basi viridi- 
 aurea, linea brevissima basali costam versus nigra, fascia saturate vio- 
 lacea paullulum pone medium ; alis posticis griseo-fuscis ; $ alis 
 posticis saturate violacco-fuscis, antennis noti incrassalis. Exp. al. 
 7 lin. 
 
 Male. Head, face and palpi black. Antennae white ; the basal and 
 several of the succeeding joints black. Anterior wings brilliant coppery, 
 at the extreme base greenish-golden, with a very short black streak al 
 the base near the costa ; a little beyond the middle is a well-defined, 
 dark violet fascia, rather expanded towards the costa ; cilia coppery. 
 Posterior wings greyish-fuscous, with paler cilia. Female. Head fer- 
 ruginous. Face brilliant metallic. Palpi grcyish-ochrcous. Antennas 
 not thickened, black, witli the last third white. Posterior wings dark 
 violet-fuscous, with similarly coloured cilia. 
 
 Apparently scarcer than formerly ; I know of no recent speci- 
 mens. Frequents flowers in Juuc and July. 
 
NEMOTOIS. 53 
 
 4. minimellus (Mann), Sta. Cat. p. 10 (1849); ZeU. L. R. viii. 
 76; H.-S. ?— var. J 1 ? Dumerilella, Sta. £ Alis anticis viridi-aureis 
 postice cupreis, linea basalt costara versus nigra, fascia nebulosa saturate 
 violacca pone medium ; alis posticis violaceo-griseis (interdum albido- 
 griseis, apice violaceo-griseo) ; $ alis anticis saturatioribus ; alis pos- 
 ticis saturate violaceo-griseis; antennis non incrassalis. Exp. al. 51 lin. 
 
 Male. Head, face, and palpi black. Antenna: white; the basal 
 joint and several of the succeeding joints black. Anterior wings green- 
 ish-golden, towards the apex coppery, with a black streak at the base 
 near the costa, and beyond the middle an obscure deep violet fascia, 
 outwardly concave and rather expanded on the costa ; cilia coppery- 
 golden. Posterior wings greyish-violet ; cilia pale grey. (In some spe- 
 cimens the posterior wings are whitish, with only the apex violet-grey). 
 Female. Head ferruginous. Antenna? not thickened. Anterior wings 
 darker than in the males. Posterior wings dark violet-grey, with the 
 cilia a little paler. 
 
 Occurs in moist places in July, among Scabiosa succisa, in 
 Scotland ; also in the hilly field, near Mickleliam. (The speci- 
 mens with dark underwings agree precisely with the continental 
 species ; and those with light underwings I am quite unable to 
 distinguish specifically ; all have the characteristic black streak at 
 the base well-defined. The discovery of the larvoe will throw 
 light on this, at present, " vexata qiuestio.") 
 
 Family III. HYPONOMEUTIDiE, Sta. 
 
 Palpi labiales mediocres. Palpi maxillarcs desunt. Caput lanatum 
 vel hevigatum. Ocelli nulli. Haustellum mediocre, rarius squama- 
 tum. Ate antcriorcs elongatce, ciliis mediocribus. Larva sajpe 
 gregaria. 
 
 Labial palpi of moderate length. Maxillary palpi wanting. Head 
 rough or smooth. Ocelli none. Tongue of moderate length, mostly 
 naked. Anterior wings elongate, with moderate or rather short cilia. 
 Larva frequently gregarious, living in a common tent. 
 
 Although the species composing this family appear to have 
 considerable affinities with each other, it seems impossible to 
 bring them under any general definition. 
 
 The two first genera have been placed with Tinea, but are in 
 many respects very discordant there ; moreover a connecting link 
 between Scylhropia and Jlyponomeuta is furnished by the conti- 
 nental species llypunomeuta rufmitrellus, Zell., which, though in 
 other respects a true Hgponomeuta, has a rough head ; the larvse 
 
54 HYP0N0MEUTIDJE. 
 
 of Scythropia being gregarious, furnishes another point of resem- 
 blance with II i/ponomeuta. 
 
 The six genera of this family may be easily distinguished, as 
 follows : — 
 a. Head rough. 
 
 b. Palpi porrected. 1. Swammerdamia. 
 b b. Palpi drooping. 2. Scythuopia. 
 
 a a. Head smooth. 
 
 c. Palpi reflexed. 
 
 d. Terminal joint blunt. 
 
 e. Posterior wings with a hyaline patch at the base. 3. Hypo- 
 
 NOMECTA. 
 
 e e. Posterior wings with no hyaline patch at the base. fi. 
 Prays. 
 d d. Terminal joint pointed. 4. Anesychia. 
 c c. Palpi porrected, short. 5. Chalybe. 
 
 Genus I. SWAMMERDAMIA. 
 
 Erminea p., Haw. Lita p., Trcit. Telea p., Step. Tinea p., Dup. ; 
 
 Zell. MompJia p., Tebenna p., et Swammerdamia p., Hub. 
 Capilli hirsuti. Ocelli nulli. Palpi labiales porrecti, breves, filiformes, 
 subattenuati. Haustellum breve, nudum. Alee anteriorcs elongatre, 
 mediocriter ciliata;. Ala; posteriores elongato-ovata:, foveola hyalina 
 basali. Ala; anteriores : vena apicalis simplex ante apicem exit, 
 infra cam tantum rami quimjue ; stigma distinctum ; vena subdorsals 
 simplex ; submediana a mediana distat, in fine incrassata ; poste- 
 riores : cellula costalis subito coarctata, ante medium desinente ; vena 
 mediana bifida ; cellula discoidalis obtusa. 
 
 Head rough. Ocelli none. Labial palpi porrected, short, filiform, 
 rather attenuated. Tongue short, naked. Anterior wings elongate, 
 with moderate cilia. Posterior wings elongate-oval, with a hyaline 
 patch at the base. In the anterior wings a simple apical vein runs 
 into the costa before the apex, below it are only Jive veins to the hinder 
 margin ; the stigma is distinct ; the subdorsal vein simple ; the sub- 
 median vein remote from the median vein is posteriorly thickened. In 
 the posterior wings the costal cell is suddenly narrowed, and terminates 
 before the middle of the winy ; the median vein is bifid, and the discoidal 
 cell obtuse. 
 
 The perfect insects of this genus have a pleasant wavy zigzag 
 flight, and frequently disport themselves during the hot sunshine. 
 When they repose, it is with the abdomen considerably elevated, 
 so that they appear to stand somewhat on their heads ; this posi- 
 tion, their greyish-white colour, and their cylindric form when the 
 wings are closed, cause them to be easily mistaken for the faeces 
 
SWAMMEltDAMIA. 55 
 
 of small birds. S. apicetta and 8. Pyrella appear in the first 
 burst of spring, and are indelibly associated in the mind of the 
 collectors with those few warm days at the end of April, "too 
 bright to last." The other species do not appear till considerably 
 later j probably all, with the exception of S. ajjicella, are double- 
 brooded. The larva? of this genus are long and slender (espe- 
 cially anteriorly), with sixteen feet, and reside singly in webs on 
 the upper surface of the leaves of hawthorn, apple, pear, birch, 
 etc. They are easily frightened from their place of abode, and 
 readily descend to the ground by their silken threads ; when full- 
 fed they spin rather dense cocoons of very fine white silk. The 
 five British species are all rather closely allied. 
 
 1. apicella, Don. B. I. ii. pi. 57 (1792).— complella, Hub. ; Step. ; 
 Zell. ; H.-S. — compta, Haw. — aurofinitdla, Dup. Alis antieis albidis 
 grisco-ochreisve, squamis fuscis in seriebus longitudinalibus dispositis, 
 macula costas ante apicein albida, apice ochreo interne fusco-marginato. 
 Exp. al. 8 lin. 
 
 Head and face white, with a few grey hairs. Palpi dark grey ; ter- 
 minal joint white. Antenna: dark grey. Anterior wings white or 
 greyish-ochreous, with the extreme base dark ochreous ; along the disc 
 are several longitudinal rows of dark fuscous scales ; a spot on the 
 costa before the apex is whitish ; the entire apex of the wing is bright 
 ochreous, margined internally by some dark fuscous scales ; cilia dark cop- 
 pery-grey, at the anal angle pale grey. Posterior wings pale grey, with 
 paler cilia. 
 
 This insect appears at the end of April and beginning of May j 
 not uncommon in mixed hedges in the south of England. 
 
 2. Csesiella, Hub. 172 ct 360 (1801 et 1816); Lienig; H.-S. 
 —Hcroldella, Treit. ; E. v. R. pi. 13; Dup.— lutarea var. y, Haw.— 
 lularella, Step. ? Alis antieis griseis, atomis fuscis in seriebus longi- 
 tudinalibus dispositis, dorso albido, macula dorsali saturate fusca ante 
 medium, plicam non transeunte, nebula saturate fusca paullulum poste- 
 riore, macula parva costee saturate fusca apicem versus, inter squamas 
 albas posita ; alis posticis dilute griseis ; capillis albi salbidisvc. Exp. 
 al. (i lin. 
 
 Head and face while or whitish. Palpi dark grey, tip of the ter- 
 minal joint white. Antenna; with the basal joint white, remainder grey. 
 Anterior wings grey, with a slight violet tint, with several longitudinal 
 rows of fuscous atoms ; the inner margin is whitish, interrupted before 
 the middle by a dark fuscous spot, lohich does not cross the fold; rather 
 beyond this, towards the costa, is an obscure dark spot; a small dark 
 fuscous spot lies on the costa before the apex, and is preceded and fol- 
 lowed by some whitish scales ; below the latter are some black scales, 
 forming* a short streak, and at the extremity of the fold are a few dark 
 
f'O 1IYPONOMEUTID/E. 
 
 fuscous scales ; cilia coppery-grey. Posterior wings pale grey, with 
 pale greyish-fuscous cilia. 
 
 Common among mixed hedges in June (and I think again in 
 August) ; the larva in September is not uncommon, and appears 
 polyphagous, unless we have several closely allied, yet-to-be-dis- 
 tinguished species ; I have found it on birch. 
 
 3. griseocapitella, Sta. Sup. Cat. p. 2 (1851). — oxyacanlhella, 
 H.-S. ? Alis anticis saturate griseis, atomis saturate fuscis in scriebus 
 obsoletis longitudinalibus dispositis, dorso anguste albido, nebula trans- 
 versa dorsi ante medium, macula parva albida costa; ante apicem ; alis 
 posticis griseo-fuscis ; capillis saturate yriseo-fiiscis. Exp. al. 5.^-6 lin. 
 
 Head dark-greyish fuscous. Face whitish. Palpi dark grey, tip of 
 the terminal joint white. Antenna; whitish, annulated with fuscous. 
 Anterior wings rather dark grey, with a slight violet gloss, with several 
 rather indistinct longitudinal rows of dark fuscous atoms; the inner 
 margin is narrowly whitish, interrupted before the middle by a dark 
 fuscous fasciaform blotch ; on the costa before the apex is a small 
 whitish spot ; cilia dark coppery-grey. Posterior wings greyish-fus- 
 cous, with paler cilia. 
 
 Abundant in June among birches, in Torwood, Stirlingshire; 
 the larva (almost gregarious) on the birches in September. 
 
 4. lutarea, Haw. L. B. 515 (1829). — oxyacanlhella, Sta. — com- 
 pnnctella, H.-S. Alis anticis griseis, atomis saturate fuscis in seriebus 
 obsoletis longitudinalibus dispositis, nebula basali, altera transversa 
 ante medium, tertia ad apicem saturate fuscis, macula obsolela albida 
 costa; ante apicem; alis posticis griseis; capillis albidis. Exp. al. 6£ 
 lin. 
 
 Head and face yellowish-while. Palpi dark grey ; tip of the terminal 
 joint white. Antenna; dark fuscous. Anterior wings grey, with a 
 sUght violet tint, with dark fuscous atoms arranged rather indistinctly 
 in rows longitudinally, and with some dark fuscous clouds, one at the 
 base, one arising on the inner margin before the middle and fasciaform, 
 and another at the apex ; on the costa before the apex is a fault white 
 blotch, immediately below which arc a few black scales ; cilia coppery- 
 grey, at the anal angle grey. Posterior wings grey, with paler cilia. 
 
 Not commonly met with, probably often confounded with S. 
 Casielta ; appears in July and August. 
 
 5. Pyrella, Vill. E. L. ii. 515. 1020 (1789).— Cerasiella, Hub. ; 
 Treit. ; P. v. 11. pi. 14 ; Dup. ; H.-S.— Casio, Haw.— Casiella, Step. P 
 Alis anticis saturate griseis, atomis fuscis obsoletissimc in seriebus dis- 
 positis, macula transversa obliqua ante medium dorsi saturate fusca, 
 macula parva costa; ante apicem albida, qpice cwpreo-gri&eo ; alis pos- 
 ticis dilute griseis, basini versus albidis ; capillis albidis. Exp. al. 5- 
 5£ lin. 
 
 Head and face whitish. Palpi dark grey ; tip of the terminal joint 
 
SCYTHROPIA. 57 
 
 whitish. Antennae dark fuscous. Anterior wings rather dark grey, 
 with a slight violet tint, with very faint indications of longitudinal rows 
 of fuscous atoms ; before the middle of the whitish inner margin is a 
 dark fuscous spot, which appears to be continued obliquely, nearly 
 across the wing ; a small whitish spot lies on the costa before the apex ; 
 apex of the wing and cilia coppery-grey. Posterior wings rather pale 
 grey, towards the base whitish, with pale greyish-fuscous cilia. 
 
 An abundant species in hedges and gardens, appearing in April 
 and May, and again in August. The larva feeds on hawthorn, 
 apple, pear, etc., in July and September. 
 
 Genus II. SCYTHROPIA. 
 
 Scythropia p., Hub. Yponomeuta p., Treit. Telea p., Step. Tinea p., 
 Dup. ; Zell. 
 
 Capilli hirsuti. Ocelli nulli. Haustellum brevissiraum, nudum. Palpi 
 labialcs breves, iiliformes, penduli. Alse anteriores elongata:, medio- 
 criter ciliatse. Alee posteriores oblongo-ovataj./owo/a hyalina nulla. 
 Ake anteriores: vena apicalis simplex ante apicem exit, infra earn 
 rami sex ; vena subdorsals furcata, sed furcae ramus superior debilis; 
 posteriores : cellula costalis elongata, coarctata ; vena mediana trifida. 
 Head rough. Ocelli none. Tongue very short, naked. Labial 
 palpi short, filiform, drooping. Anterior wings elongate, with moderate 
 cilia. Posterior wings oblong-ovate, not with a hyaline patch at the 
 base. In the anterior wings the simplex apical vein runs into the costa 
 before the apex ; below it six veins run to the hinder margin ; the sub- 
 dorsal vein is furcate, but the upper branch of the fork is rather obso- 
 lete. In the posterior wings the costal cell is narrow and elongate; 
 the median vein is trifid. 
 
 This genus only contains one species, of which the larva is 
 gregarious, thus approaching in habit towards the following 
 genus. 
 
 1. Cratsegella, Linn. S. N. (12) 885. 353 (1767); W. V.; 
 Fab. ; Hub. ; Godart ; Treit. ; Step. ; Frey. ; Dup. ; Zell. Alis an- 
 ticis albis, fuscescente-irroratis, fasciis duabus obliquis ochreo-fuscis, 
 margine postico apicequc costa? fusco-punctatis. Exp. al. 7 lin. 
 
 Head and face white, mixed with pale fuscous. Palpi pale fuscous ; 
 the terminal joint with a ring near the base, and the apex white. An- 
 tennae greyish-fuscous. Anterior wings white, irrorated with pale fus- 
 cous, with an ochreous-fuscous fascia placed rather obliquely in the 
 middle, and sometimes not reaching to the costa ; beyond the middle 
 is another oblique fuscous fascia beginning on the costa beyond the 
 middle, and terminating at the aual angle; the hinder margin and 
 apex of the costa are spotted with fuscous ; cilia whitish, with a pale 
 fuscous line. Posterior wings pale grey, with pale greyish-fuscous cilia. 
 
 vol. in. , 
 
58 HYPONOMEUTID.K. 
 
 Not uncommon in July ; the gregarious larva feeds on haw- 
 thorn in June. 
 
 Genus III. HYPONOMEUTA. 
 
 Hyponomeuta, Zell. Isis, 1844. p. 199. Yponomeuta, Step. ; Dup. 
 Nygmia, Hub. Yponomeuta p., Lnt. ; Treit. Erminea p., Haw. 
 
 Capilli depressi. Ocelli nulli. Palpi 'labiales breviusculi, reflexi, M- 
 formes, subaculi. llaustellum mediocre, milium. Al» elongates, brc- 
 viter ciliatae ; posterioves foveola hyalina basali. Ate nnteriores : 
 vena apicalis simplex ; ccllula secundaria perfecta ; vena subdorsalis 
 furcata ; posteriores : ccllula costalis in medio contracta ; vena me- 
 diana bifida. 
 
 Head smooth (in a single continental species, II. rufimi.trdlus, Zell., 
 rough). Ocelli none. Labial palpi rather short, rellcxcd, filiform, 
 hardly pointed. Tongue of moderate length, naked. Wings elongate, 
 with short cilia ; the posterior with a hyaline patch at the base. In the 
 anterior wings, the apical vein is simple; the secondary cell is com- 
 plete; the subdorsal vein furcate. In the posterior wings, the costal 
 cell is contracted in the middle ; the median vein is bifid. 
 
 The perfect insects of this genus are readily known by the nu- 
 merous small black spots on the white or grey anterior wings ; 
 their flight is sluggish. Only one species, II. viginlipunctatns, is 
 double-brooded ; of all the others there is only one brood each 
 year. This is fortunate; for the gregarious habits of the larvae, and 
 their numbers, render them extremely destructive to our fruit- 
 trees and hedges. A spindle-tree or an apple-tree, stripped of its 
 leaves in the middle of summer, and covered with white webs 
 formed by these larvse, is no uncommon sight. The larvae of most 
 of the species are hatched in the autumn, but remain under a glu- 
 tinous covering during the winter, and do not commence their de- 
 predations till the appearance of the young leaves in spring, when 
 a sudden blight changes the face of vegetation, or in other words 
 these larva; quit their winter-quarters, having been fixed through- 
 out the winter on the very same twigs where their ravages now 
 become so conspicuous. The larvae remain in company during 
 the whole period of their existence, and spin their cocoons in close 
 proximity with each other. 
 
 Much confusion has prevailed with the synonymy of two of the 
 species of this genus, Linnajus having described the larva of one 
 species, naming the insect from its habits, whereas the perfect 
 insect lie describes is a distinct species ; it therefore becomes an 
 
HYPONOMEUTA. 59 
 
 impossibility now to discover which species he intended by the 
 name of Evonymetta ; and Scopoli having correctly described, 
 under that name, the larva and imago of one species, I have had 
 no hesitation in adopting his name, as the earliest name to which 
 no doubt is attached. Almost every succeeding writer has fol- 
 lowed the bad example of Linnaeus, without attempting to prove 
 the correctness of his assertions. 
 
 Of this genus we have six British species (two others are known 
 on the continent) which may be easily distinguished as follows: — 
 
 a. Anterior wings leaden-grey. 
 
 b. With a black spot in the cilia of the hinder margin. Species 1. 
 
 b b. With no black spot in the cilia of the hinder margin. Species 4 
 (some varieties). 
 a a. Anterior wings white. 
 
 c. With dark blotches or clouds. Species 2, 3, 4 (some varieties), 
 c c. With no dark blotches or clouds. Species 6, 6. 
 
 1. vigintipunctatus, Ketz. G. et S. 52. 153 (1783); Zell. Isis, 
 1844.— Sedella, Treit. ; Dup. ; Step. Zool. 1844. p. 687; Sta. Zool. 
 1848. p. 2272. Alis anticis saturate plumbno-griseis, seriebus tribus lon- 
 gitudinalibus punctorum nigrorum, ciliis dilute griseis, macula infra 
 apicem saturate fusca. Exp. al. 7 lin. 
 
 Head and face dark grey. Palpi pale grey. Antenna; greyish-fus- 
 cous. Anterior wings rather dark leaden-grey, with three longitudinal 
 rows of black spots ; the first near the costa terminating rather beyond 
 the middle, the other two on each side of the fold not reaching to the 
 hinder margin ; cilia pale grey, with some dark fuscous scales imme- 
 diately below the apex. Posterior wings greyish-fuscous, with paler 
 cilia. 
 
 Almost unique in this country; one specimen taken by Mr. 
 Stephens at Norwood. The perfect insect is double-brooded, ap- 
 pearing in April and May, and again in August. The larva ap- 
 pears in June and July, and again in September and October ; it 
 feeds on the Sedum Telephiwm. 
 
 2. plumbellus, W. V. 139. 34 (1776); Fab.; Hiib. ; Godart; 
 Treit. ; Step. ; Dup. ; Zell. ; Froy. N. B. v. pi. 420.— plumbea, Haw. 
 Alis anticis albis, grisescente-suflusis, apice saturate fusco, seriebus qua- 
 tnor longitudinalibus punctorum nigrorum, punctulis nigris marginem 
 posticum versus, macula nigra in medio plica ; ciliis saturate fuscis, an- 
 gulum analem versus albidis. Exp. al. 84-9 lin. 
 
 Head, face, and palpi whitish. Antennas dark fuscous. Anterior 
 wings white, with a slight greyish tint, with four longitudinal rows of 
 black spots, two near the costa and one on each side of the fold ; near 
 the hinder margin is a transverse row of small black spots, preceded 
 by a few black spots irregularly placed ; in the middle of the fold is a 
 
60 HYPONOMEUTIDJE. 
 
 conspicuous black blotch, and the apex of the wing is dark fuscous ; cilia 
 dark fuscous, at the anal augle whitish. Posterior wings greyish-fus- 
 cous, with paler cilia. 
 
 Not uncommon in hedges in the south of England, in July and 
 August. The larva feeds on the spindle (Euonymus Europeans) 
 in June. 
 
 3. irrorellus, Hub. Tin. 93(1801); Godart; Treit. ; Step.; Dup.; 
 Zell. — irrorea, Haw. Alis anticis albidis, seriebus tribus longitudina- 
 libus, serieque curvata marginem posticum versus, punctoruui nigrorum, 
 nebula plica ante medium, nebulaque majore elongata disci pone medium, 
 fuscis. Exp. al. 11-J- lin. 
 
 Head and face white. Palpi beneath dark grey, above white. An- 
 tennas whitish. Anterior wings whitish, with three longitudinal rows 
 of black spots ; one near the costa and one on each side of the fold, 
 and a curved row of spots near the hinder margin ; on the fold before 
 the middle is a fuscous blotch, and a larger elongated one is on the disc be- 
 yond the middle ; hinder margin clouded with grey ; cilia pale grey. 
 Posterior wings greyish-fuscous, with paler cilia. 
 
 A scarce species, appearing in July, among Etwnymus ; the 
 larva, gregarious when young, feeds on that plant in June. 
 
 4. Padellus, Linn. S.N. (10) 535. 240 (1758); Scop.; Fab.; 
 Hub.; Step.; Dup.; Guen. — variabilis, Zell. Isis, 1844. — var. P ma- 
 Uvorella, Sta. Cat. Alis anticis albis grisescente-suffusis vel plumbeo- 
 griseis, seriebus tribus longitudinalibus, serieque transversa marginem 
 posticum versus, punctorum nigrorum ; ciliis dilute griseis, albisve api- 
 cibus dilute griseis. Exp. al. 7-10 lin. 
 
 Head, face, and palpi white. Antenna; whitish. Anterior wings 
 white, with a more or less decided greyish tinge, sometimes with a 
 greyish blotch extending from the costa to the fold (frequently the 
 wings are entirely grey), with three rows of black spots, one near the 
 costa, and one on each side of the fold ; towards the hinder margin is 
 a row of small black spots, generally preceded by a few irregularly 
 placed ; cilia pale grey, or while with t/ie lips pale grey. Posterior wings 
 greyish-fuscous, with paler cilia. 
 
 An abundant species, on hawthorn and apple (if indeed the 
 apple species, malivorella, be really identical), appearing in July 
 and August. The larvae appear about the middle of May, and 
 continue their devastations throughout June. 
 
 5. Evonymellus, Scop. P. C. 246. 631 (1763); Schr.— Evonymi, 
 Zell. Isis, 1844. — cugnagella, liiib. — cogualella, Step. 5 Dup.; Preyer; 
 Eatz. ; Guenee. Alis anticis albis, seriebus tribus longitudinalibus, 
 serieque transversa marginem posticum versus, punctorum nigrorum ; 
 ciliis albis. Exp. al. 11 lin. 
 
 Bead, face, and palpi white. Antenna} whitish. Anterior wings 
 white, with three longitudinal rows of black spots, one near the costa, 
 
ANE3YCHIA. 61 
 
 and one on each side of the fold, the lower one consisting of about five 
 or six spots ; before the hinder margin is a row of smaller black spots, 
 preceded by a few spots irregularly placed; cilia white. Posterior 
 wings dark greyish-fuscous, with paler cilia. 
 
 Plentiful in the south of England among spindle {Euongmus 
 Europaics), in July and August. The larva defoliates the spindle 
 in June ; when they have devoured all the leaves, hunger compels 
 them to gnaw the bark of the young stems. 
 
 G. Padi, Zell. Isis, 1844. p. 325 .—Evonymella, Hub.; Preyer; 
 Gue'ue'e; Linn.?; Pab. ?; Haw.?; Godart?; Step.? Dup.P. Alis an- 
 ticis all/is, seriebus quatuor longitudinalibus, duabus transversis mar- 
 ginem posticum versus, punctorum nigrorum ; ciliis albis. Exp. al. 
 Hi lin. 
 
 Head, face, and palpi white. Antennas whitish. Anterior wings 
 while, with four longitudinal rows of black spots, two near the costa, 
 and one on each side of the fold, the lower one consisting of from ten 
 to twelve spots ; towards the hinder margin is a row of small black 
 spots, preceded by a short row nearly parallel to it; cilia white. 
 Posterior wings dark greyish-fuscous, with paler cilia. 
 
 Not uncommon where the food of the larva grows ; appearing 
 in July and August. The larva feeds on the bird-cherry (Prunus 
 Padus), in June. 
 
 Genus IV. AWESYCHIA. 
 
 Anesyciiia, Step. H. iv. 239 (1834). Yponomeuta p., Treit. ; Curt. 
 
 Mdia p., Dup. Psecadia p., Zell. 
 Capilli depress!. Ocelli nulli. Antenna; £ articulis subdentatis, pu- 
 besccntc-ciliatis. Haustellum mediocre, squamatuin. Palpi labiales 
 mediocres, refiexi, arliculo teriio acuminato. Ala; oblonga; vol elon- 
 gate, breviter ciliatce. Ala; nnteriores : vena; apiealis/Hrarte ramus 
 inferior ante vel in apicein exit ; cellula secundaria tantum indicata ; 
 rami infra venam furcatam quinque scparati ; vena subdorsalis fur- 
 cata ; posteriores : vena mediana trifida ; cellula costalis elongata, 
 in medio non coarctata. 
 
 Head smooth. Ocelli none. Antenna; of the male with the joints 
 rather dentate and pubescent-ciliated. Tongue of moderate length, 
 clothed with scales towards the base. Labial palpi moderately long, 
 refiexed, with the third joint pointed. Wings oblong or elongate, with 
 short cilia (the posterior with no hyaline patch towards the base). In 
 the anterior wings the lower branch of the forked apical vein runs into 
 the costa before or at the apex ; below it are five separate veins from 
 the discoidal cell; the secondary cell is only indicated; the subdorsal 
 vein is furcate. In the posterior wings the median vein is trifid, and 
 the elongated costal cell is not contracted in the middle. 
 
62 HYPONOMEUTID/E. 
 
 The species of this genus, many of which are highly beautiful, 
 seem exclusively attached to the Boraginea, on which their larvae 
 feed. One species, A. hipumctella, is known to be double-brooded, 
 but others probably have also two generations in the year. 
 
 Of the four British species, two remain at present extremely 
 rare, though by no means scarce on the continent, where a fifth 
 species also occurs. 
 
 1. pusiella, Roemer, G. I. 22. pi. 23. f. 9 (1789); Panzer; Go- 
 dart ; Curt. ; Step. ; Dup. — seqtidla, W. V. — Lithospermella, Hiib. ; 
 Treit. — scalella, Zell. ; Scop. ? Alis anticis albis, vitta media irregu- 
 lari nigra, quasi maculis tribus utrinquc conflueutibus, maculis punc- 
 tisque nigris, abdomine albo. Exp. al. 13^ lin. 
 
 Head and face white. Palpi white; the base of the second and 
 terminal joints black. Antenna; dark fuscous. Anterior wings white, 
 with an irregular black streak running along the middle of the wing, from 
 the base of the costa to near the hinder margin ; its irregular form ap- 
 pears to arise from three pair of spots being attached to it, of which those 
 towards the costa are placed posteriorly to the others ; near the costa 
 towards the base is an oblong black spot, and a small round black 
 spot lies beyond and below it ; in the middle of the costa is a black 
 blotch, and beyond the middle are two small black spots obliquely 
 placed, and beyond them are three black spots obliquely placed ; near 
 the inner margin towards the base, and below the fold towards the 
 middle, are two other black spots ; the hinder margin and apex of the 
 costa are spotted with black; cilia white, with a black dash imme- 
 diately below the apex. Posterior wings pale fuscous; towards the 
 inner margin white ; cilia white. Abdomen white. 
 
 British specimens are extremely rare; the insect appears in 
 June and July ; the larva feeding on Lithosjiermum and Pulmo- 
 naria in May. 
 
 2. bipunctella, Fab. S. E. 668. 7 (\in).—Echiella, W. V.; 
 Hub. ; Godart ; Curt. ; Treit. ; Step. ; Dup. ; Zell. — Ilochenioartiella, 
 Rossi. Alis anticis contain versus saturate fuscis, dorsum versus albis, 
 margine postico, apiceque costa; nigro-punctatis, abdomine luteo. Exp. 
 al. 1H lin. 
 
 Head and face white. Palpi black ; terminal joint white. Antennae 
 fuscous. Anterior wings dark fuscous along the costa ; along the inner 
 margin white, with two dark fuscous spots in the fold, one before and 
 one in the middle, attached to the dark half of the wing; beyond the 
 middle the white projects a little into the dark fuscous, but immedi- 
 ately beyond is again a dark fuscous projection into the white ; the 
 hinder margin and apex of the costa, which latter is white, are spotted 
 with black ; cilia whitish, witli a dark fuscous dash immediately below 
 the apex. Posterior wings whitish-grey, with paler cilia. Abdomen 
 dirty yellow. 
 
ANESYCHIA. 63 
 
 This pretty species is no commoner with us than the preceding; 
 it appears in May and August ; the larva feeds on [Echium vul- 
 gare) viper's bugloss in July and October. 
 
 3. fuuerella, Fab. Man. ii. 247. 74 (1787); Hub.; Godart; 
 Treit. ; Step. ; Hup. ; Zell. — -funerea, Haw. Alia auticis latioribus 
 albis postice nigris, costa praetor inaculam albam pone medium late irre- 
 gularilerqne nigra, punctis duobus basim versus nigris. Exp. al. 7-§- 
 lin. 
 
 Head white ; in the middle black. Face white. Palpi dark grey ; 
 terminal joint black. Antennae dark fuscous. Anterior wings rather 
 broad, white, with deep black spots and markings ; at the base of the 
 costa is an oblong spot, and short streak immediately beyond it on the 
 costa ; beyond is an irregular-shaped costal blotch (leaving only a trian- 
 gular white spot on the costa beyond the middle), which projects to- 
 wards the base and towards the inner margin, and generally unites with 
 the black apical portion of the wing ; in the latter, towards the hinder 
 margin, are a few whitish scales ; towards the base, near the inner 
 margin, are two round black spots obliquely placed ; cilia dark grey, 
 with the tips whitish. Posterior wings dark fuscous ; towards the 
 inner margin whitish, with paler cilia. 
 
 Long doubted as a British species ; recently taken in tolerable 
 plenty in the Cambridgeshire fens in June. 
 
 4. decemguttella, Hiib. Tin. 303 (1816) ; Trcit. j Frey. ; Dup. ; 
 Zell. — dodecea, Haw. ; Step. A lis anticis albis grisescente-suiTusis, 
 punctis nndecim magnis irrcgularibus atris. Exp. al. 10 lin. 
 
 Head and face white. Palpi black ; internally whitish ; terminal 
 joint whitish, witli a black ring at the base and another towards the 
 apex. Antennas dark fuscous. Anterior wings white, with a slight 
 greyish tint, with eleven rather large dark black spots, viz. two small at 
 the base, one on the subcostal vein, and one on the fold ; nearly fol- 
 lowing the line of the fold are four others, the first in the fold not far 
 from the base, the second a little below the fold, the third is larger, 
 and lies in the fold about the middle of the wing, the fourth and largest 
 is above the fold towards the anal angle ; on the disc before the middle 
 are two spots, the anterior nearer to the costa ; in a line with the lower 
 one on the disc are two others, one beyond the middle, the other to- 
 wards the hinder margin, and near the costa, nearly between these two, 
 is another spot ; cilia whitish. Posterior wings dark greyish-fuscous, 
 with paler cilia. 
 
 Not common ; the perfect insect appears in May and June, 
 sitting on the tops of the flowers of the Lithospermum (according 
 to the interesting account of its habits given by Mr. Harding, in 
 the 'Zoologist' for 1848, p. 2332). The larva feeds on that 
 plant in September and October. 
 
64 HYPONOMEUTIU/E. 
 
 Genus V. CHALYBE. 
 Chalybe, Dup. L. F. x. 343 (1836). Psecadia p., Zell. 
 
 The much shorter, porrected, not reflexed palpi, as well as the 
 general fades of the insect, point this out as distinct from Ane- 
 syc/iia ; the want however of a series of specimens for investiga- 
 tion prevents me from giving the generic characters more in de- 
 tail. Whereas in Anesychia the ground-colour of the anterior 
 wings is white, with black spots and markings, in this genus the 
 ground-colour is black or blue-black, with deep black spots. Five 
 very closely allied species are known on the continent, one of 
 wluch was detected in Suthcrlandshire last May, by Mr. Buxton. 
 
 1. pyrausta, Pallas, Keisen, i. 176 (1774) j Zell. (Ent. Ztg. 1844). 
 — atropunctella, Wenner (Thunb.). Alis anticis alro-fumosis, punotia 
 tribus atris longitudinaliter dispositis ; alis posticis fumosis ; ano luteo. 
 Exp. al. 8 lin. 
 
 Head, face, palpi, and antennrc black. Anterior wings sooty-black, 
 with three deep black spots, placed nearly in a line longitudinally, the 
 first not far from the base, the second a little before the middle, both 
 on the fold, the third and most conspicuous at the termination of the 
 discoidal cell ; cilia sooty-black. Posterior wings and cilia dark smoky- 
 grey. The posterior half of the abdomen yellow. 
 
 A single specimen of this conspicuous species was taken in 
 Sutherlaudshire, last May, by Mr. Buxton. 
 
 Genus VI. PRAYS. 
 Prays p., II Lib . Telea p., Step. JEdia p., Dup. CEcophora p., Zell. 
 Caput obtusum, pilis appressis. Ocelli nulli. Palpi labiales brevius- 
 culi, filiformes, apiccm versus vix attenuate. Haustellum mediocre, 
 nudum. Alae anteriores oblongac, posteriores latiuscute breviter ci- 
 liatic. Ala; anteriores : stigma distinctum ; vense apicalis ramus in- 
 ferior sub apiccm exit ; subdorsalis longissimc furcata ; posteriores : 
 cellula costalis abbreviata. 
 
 Head obtuse, smooth. Ocelli none. Labial palpi rather short, fili- 
 form, hardly attenuated towards the apex. Tongue of moderate length, 
 naked. Anterior wings oblong ; posterior rather broad, with short 
 cilia. In the anterior wings the stigma is distinct ; the lower branch 
 of the apical vein runs into the hinder margin ; the subdorsal vein is 
 furcate for a considerable length. In the posterior wings the costal 
 cell is abbreviated. 
 
 The perfect insect of the only species in the genus has a con- 
 siderable primd facie resemblance with Anesychia. Its larva 
 
PLUTKLLIDJE. 
 
 feeds on the buds of the ash-tree, and forms an open network 
 cocoon, but its habits have not yet been fully investigated. 
 
 1. Curtisellus, Don. B. I. ii. pi. 63 (1793); Step.— Otirtimi, 
 Haw. — maculella, Vab.—canobilella, Hub. ; Dup.— fraxiuella, Bjerk. ? 
 — var. ruslica, Haw. Alis anticis albis, macula magna costal) nigra, 
 basim versus attenuata, in medio plicani superaute, dorso basim versus 
 striis abbreviatis, transversis, fuscis, margine postico nigro ncbulosis 
 (var. alis anticis unicoloribus obscure fuscis). Exp. al. 7$ lin. 
 
 Head and face white. Palpi dark fuscous ; tips of the terminal joint 
 white. Antennae dark fuscous. Anterior wings white, with a dark 
 fuscous, almost black blotch on the costa, extending from the base to 
 beyond the middle of the wing ; at the base it is extremely narrow, 
 but in the middle it reaches across the fold ; in it, on the costa beyond 
 the middle, is a small whitish spot ; on the inner margin near the base 
 are some short transverse fuscous streaks, along the hinder margin are 
 several dark fuscous or black blotches ; cilia dark fuscous. Posterior 
 wings greyish-fuscous, with paler cilia. In the variety rustica of J la- 
 worth, the head and face are dirty oehreous, and the anterior wings 
 unicolorous, dingy fuscous. Intermediate specimens, in which the cos- 
 tal blotch is dimly shadowed, occur. 
 
 Not uncommon among ash-trees in June and July. Mr. Henry 
 Doublcday found the full-fed larva?, descending from the trees by 
 their threads, and bred from them both the typical insect and the 
 variety. Mr. Preston had previously found the larva feeding on 
 the hardly-developed leaf-buds of the ash. 
 
 Family IV. PLUTELLID^E. 
 
 Caput hirsutum. Palpi labiales articulo secundo infra in fasciculum pro- 
 
 ducto. Antenna in quiete porrectee. Larva fusiformis, non sacco- 
 
 phora. 
 
 J bad rough. Labial palpi with the second joint furnished beneath 
 with a projecting tuft of scales. Antenna corrected in repose. Larva 
 fusiform, not living in a case. 
 
 The porrectcd antennae of these insects give them a certain re- 
 semblance with the Cokopliorithe, from which the broader posterior 
 wings and rough head sufficiently distinguish them, independent 
 of the difference in the habits of the larva?.. 
 
 The greater breadth of the anterior wings of the only species 
 known in the first genus, does not interfere with its affinities in 
 other respects, and its true place is certainly here. 
 
 The four genera in this family may be easily distinguished 
 thus : — 
 
66 I'l.UTKI.LID.-E. 
 
 a. Antennas thickened with scales, towards the base. 1. EinoriiASiA. 
 a a. Antenna; not thickened with scales, towards the base. 
 b. Posterior wings with moderate cilia. 
 
 c. Posterior wings rather narrow. 2. Plutella. 
 c c. Posterior wings rather broad. 3. Cerostoma. 
 * b. Posterior wings with long cilia. 4. Theristis. 
 
 Genus I. EIDOPHASIA. 
 
 Eidopiiasia, Step. Entom. 418 {Add. et Corrig. 1842). Parasemia, 
 
 Step. Ent. 202. 
 Caput hirsutura. Antenna; supra basim squamis incrassata, cajterurn 
 crenato-dentatse, articulis subclongatis. llaustellura breve, squama- 
 tum. Palpi maxillares nulli. Palpi labiales tenues, articulo sc- 
 cundo infra in f'asciculum tcnucm producto, tertio aculeiformi. Alse 
 oblonga, mediocriter ciliata;, apice obtuso. Ate anteriores : vena 
 apicalis simplex ante apicem exit, infra earn rami sex, quorum in- 
 fimns cum pcnultimo non coalescit ; cellula secundaria bene indicata: 
 vena subdorsalis longe furcata ; ate posteriores : cellula costalis elon- 
 gata ; vena subcostalis simplex supra apicem exit, cum sequente non 
 coalescit ; vena mediana trifida. 
 
 Head rough. Antenna; thickened with scales towards the base, the 
 remainder almost dentate, with rather elongate joints. Tongue short, 
 clothed with scales. Maxillary palpi undeveloped. Labial palpi slen- 
 der, with the second joint produced beneath in a slender tuft ; third 
 joint acuminate. Wings oblong, with moderate cilia ; the apex obtuse. 
 In the anterior wings the simple apical vein runs into the costa before 
 the apex ; below it six veins run into the hinder margin, of which the 
 lowermost is not united with the penultimate ; the secondary cell is 
 well indicated; the subdorsal vein is forked for a considerable length. 
 In the posterior wings the costal cell is elongate, the simple subcostal 
 vein runs into the costa before the apex, and is not united with the fol- 
 lowing ; the median vein is trifid. 
 
 Only one species is yet known in this genus, and of the habits 
 of that but little has been observed ; according to Mr. Sircom's 
 remarks, it flies in woods among oaks at dusk, keeping very near 
 the ground. 
 
 1. Messingiella, P. v. R. 193. pi. 68. f. 3 (1839).— transversella, 
 Step. (Entom.) Alis anticis fuscis, fascia fere recta costara versus at- 
 tenuata, dilute lutea, macula costaj pone medium, fere obsoleta, pallida. 
 Exp. al. 6 lin. 
 
 Head and face ochreous-fuscous. Palpi fuscous; terminal joint 
 paler. Antennas fuscous. Anterior wings fuscous, with a nearly straight 
 pale yellow fascia, almost in the middle, attenuated on the costa, where 
 it is rather nearer to the base ; a small nearly obsolete pale spot lies on 
 the costa beyond the middle ; cilia pale fuscous. Posterior wings grey- 
 
PLUTELLA. 67 
 
 isli-i'uscous, with paler cilia. In some specimens the fascia of the an- 
 terior wings is abbreviated, hardly reaching beyond the fold, appearing 
 as a spot on the inner margin. 
 
 Not common ; the perfect insect appears in June. 
 
 Genus II. PLUTELLA. 
 
 Pltjtblla, Schr. F. B.ii. 169 (1802) ; Zett. Ceroshma, Curt.; Step. 
 Alucita p., Fab.; Lat. ; Dup. Anadetia p., Hub. Ypsolophus p., 
 Haw. Plulella p., Treit. ; Zell. 
 Caput hirsutum. Antenna: simplices, articulis valde distinctis. Haus- 
 tellum mediocre, nudum. Palpi maxillares fdiformes, breves. Palpi 
 Jahialcs articulo secundo infra in fasciculum subattenuatum producto, 
 tertio erecto, aculeiformi. Ala: elongate, ciliis longiusculis infra 
 alarum apiccm non impressis, posteriores lanceolatce. Ala: anteriores: 
 vena apicalis simplex ante apicem excurrit, infra earn rami sex, quo- 
 rum infimus a penultimo longe distat ; penullim.us el antepenultimus 
 ex eodem punch prodeunt ; ecllula secundaria indicata ; vena sub- 
 dorsals longe furcate ; alsc posteriores : cellula costalis subito at- 
 tenuata; vena apicalis simplex; vena subapicalis furcata. Folliculus 
 larva? reliculiformis. 
 
 Head rough. Antenna? not thickened with scales, with the joints 
 very distinct. Tongue of moderate length, naked. Maxillary palpi 
 short, filiform. Labial palpi with the second joint prolonged beneath 
 in a rather slender tuft ; the third joint erect, acuminate. Wings elon- 
 gate, with rather long cilia not indented below the apex; the posterior 
 wings lanceolate. In the anterior wings the simple apical vein runs 
 into the costa before the apex; below it arc six veins from the discoidal 
 cell, of which the lowermost is remote from the penultimate, and the pe- 
 nultimate and antepenultimate proceed from the same point ; the second- 
 ary cell is faintly indicated ; the subdorsal vein is furcate for a consi- 
 derable distance. In the posterior wings the costal cell is suddenly 
 attenuated, the apical vein is simple, and the subapical vein furcate. 
 The larva constructs an open network cocoon. (P. Baldla shows se- 
 veral discrepancies from the generic characters above given : the maxil- 
 lary palpi are rather long ; the second joint of the labial palpi is scarcely 
 produced to a tuft; and in the posterior wings the costal cell is more 
 gradually attenuated, and the subapical vein is simple.) 
 
 The insects of this genus make but short, rather straight flights, 
 speedily settling again on the low herbage. P.porrectd/a appears 
 solely attached to the Ilesperis maironalis, but P. Cruciferarum 
 eats with avidity most of the Cruciferous plants. In the year 
 1851 this insect was excessively abundant throughout the country, 
 and from Southend in Essex, to Belfast, the same enormous 
 multiplication of the species was observed; the turiiip-growcrs 
 
G8 FLUTELLIDJE. 
 
 thought some new blight had fallen upon their crops, but for- 
 tunately subsequent years have not shown a continuance of the 
 inordinate numbers of this species, which was probably checked 
 by a timely increase of its parasitic foes. 
 
 There arc only four British species, of which the first three are 
 very similar in markings. 
 
 1. Cruciferarum, Zcll. Ent. Ztg. 1813. p. 2,83.—Xylostella, 
 lliib. ; Trcit. ; Step. ; Dup. — ? macidipennis, Curt. ; Step. ; Sta. Alis 
 anticis griseo-fuscis, saturate fusco punctatis, dorso dilute ochreo, deu- 
 tibus tribus rotundatis plicam superantibus ( ? dorso vix distincte di- 
 lutiore, ncbulis plica; fuscis). Exp. nl. 1\ lin. 
 
 Head, face, and palpi greyish-ochreous. Antenna; whitish, annulated 
 with fuscous. Anterior wings greyish-fuscous, spotted with dark fus- 
 cous ; the inner margin pale oclncous, with three rounded projections 
 across the ibid (in the !j? the inner margin is less decidedly paler, and 
 there arc some fuscous spots along the fold) ; cilia grey, varied with 
 fuscous. Posterior wings grey, with paler cilia. 
 
 Always common, and sometimes very abundant among cab- 
 bages and other Cruciferous plants ; the perfect insect appears in 
 May and August ; the larva in June, July, and September. 
 
 2. porrectella, Linn. S. N. (10). 540. 382 (1758); W. V. ; 
 Treit. ; Step. ; Dup. — Hesperidella, Hub. — llesperidis, Haw. — Falle- 
 niellus, Dahlb. (N. A. II.) Alis anticis albidis, ochreo vel fuscescente 
 striatis, dorso dilutiore, vitta sinuata supra plicam saturate fusca, mar- 
 ffine postico fusco nigro-piinctalo. Exp. al. 7 lin. 
 
 Head, face, and palpi whitish. Antennas whitish. Anterior wings 
 whitish, streaked with ochreous or pale fuscous, the inner margin paler; 
 a sinuated fuscous streak above the ibid runs from the. base nearly to 
 the apex ; the hinder margin is fuscous, spotted with black, and along 
 the costa and inner margin are some small dark fuscous spots ; cilia 
 whitish, varied with black. Posterior wings grey, with paler cilia. 
 
 Common in gardens among Hesperis matroualis in May and 
 July. The larva feeds on that plant in April and June. 
 
 3. annulatella, Curt. B. E. f'o. 420 (1832); Step. — bicingulata, 
 11. -S. Alis anticis dilute griseo-ochrcis, costam versus valde fusco- 
 suilusis, dorso dilutiore, dentibus duabus plicam superantibus, vitta si- 
 nuata plicae usque ad medium saturate fusca, inargine postico fusco- 
 puuetato. Exp. al. 8 lin. 
 
 Head and face greyish-ochreous. Palpi pale ochreous. Antennae 
 ochreous-fuscous. Anterior wings pale greyish-ochreous, much suf- 
 fused with fuscous towards the costa ; the inner margin paler, with two 
 projections across the fold, the first in the middle, the other towards 
 the anal angle ; a sinuated dark fuscous streak runs above the fold to a 
 little before the middle ; the hinder margin is spotted witli fuscous ; 
 cilia pale greyish-ochreous. Posterior wings grey, with paler cilia. 
 
CER08T0MA. 69 
 
 A northern species, in few collections : my specimens were 
 taken on the coast near Belfast in September. 
 
 4. Dalella, Sta. Cat. p. 11 (1849).— vittella, Hub. Tin. 164. Alis 
 miticis griscis, griseo-fusco marmoratis, postice albido-squamatis, trian- 
 gulis tribua dorsi dilntioribus, spatiis interjcctis saturate griseo-fuscis, 
 maculis duabus costa: pone medium fuscis, apice marginis postici nigro- 
 pimctato. Exp. al. 10 lin. 
 
 Head, face, aud palpi dark greyish-fuscous. Antennae dark fuscous. 
 Anterior wings grey, marbled with greyish-fuscous, posteriorly with 
 some whitish scales ; on the inner margiu are three pale triangles, the 
 first near the base very small, the second in the middle reaching to the 
 fold, and sometimes produced posteriorly beyond it, and the third be- 
 yond the middle reaching beyond the fold ; the spaces between these 
 triangular marks are dark greyish-fuscous ; on the costa beyond the 
 middle are two fuscous spots ; towards the apex of the hinder margin 
 are two or three black spots j cilia greyish-fuscous, with two darker 
 lines. Posterior wings grey, with paler cilia. 
 
 Not uncommon in the north of Englaud and Scotland, in Sep- 
 tember. Many specimens have been taken near Iluddersfield by 
 the Rev. J. Johnson. 
 
 Genus III. CEROSTOMA. 
 
 Cekostoma, Lat. H. N. xiv. 247 (1802). Ilarpipleryx p., Curt. 
 Plutella p., Zell. Ilypsolopha, RJiinosia p., et Ilarpipleryx p., Treit. ; 
 Dup. Harpipteryx, Ilypsolopka, et C/ialoc/ulus, Step. 
 
 Caput hirsutum. Antenna) simplices, vix crenulatoe. Haustcllum me- 
 diocre, nudum. Palpi maxillares distincti, filiformes. Palpi labiales, 
 articulo sccundo infra in fasciculum producto, tertio crepto aculei- 
 formi. Ate anteriores elongata) vel oblonga), interdum caudata); 
 aire posteriores ante angulum analem leviter retusse, lanceolate, me- 
 diocriier ciliala ; alas anteriores : vena apicalis furcata supra et infra 
 apiccm excurrit, infra earn rami quinque ; cellula secundaria perfecta; 
 bis posteriores : cellula costalis elongata, postice attenuata ; vena 
 apicalis furcata. Folliculus larva? solidus. 
 
 Head rough. Antenna? not thickened, slightly indented between 
 the. joints. The tongue of moderate length, naked. Maxillary palpi 
 distinct, filiform. Labial palpi with the second joint prolonged be- 
 neath in a tuft ; terminal joint erect, acuminate. Anterior wings elon- 
 gate or oblong, sometimes caudate ; posterior wings slightly emargi- 
 nate before the anal angle, lanceolate, with moderately tony cilia. In 
 the anterior wings the furcate apical vein runs out above and below the 
 apex ; below it are five veins from the discoidal cell ; the secondary cell 
 is complete. In the posterior wings the elongate costal cell is poste- 
 
70 PLUTELLID*. 
 
 riorly attenuated ; the apical vein is furcate. The larva forms a close 
 silken cocoon. 
 
 The insects of this genus appear at the end of summer and au- 
 tumn ; many of the late species hybcrnating, and being again met 
 with in the spring; when at rest they are easily disturbed, but 
 generally drop only from one portion of the busli or hedge to 
 another, and rarely make use of their wings. The larva of C. 
 xylodella (green, with a broad red stripe on the back) is the most 
 generally met with : it is attenuated anteriorly, extremely active, 
 and, when full-fed, constructs a very firm, close silken cocoon. 
 
 The neuration of the anterior wings is not identical in all the 
 species, as may be seen from the following table : — 
 
 a. Apical vein furcate; below it five veins from the discoidal cell. 
 B. The three lowermost of these veins are not united at their origin. 
 
 Species 1-5. 
 B B. The two lowermost of these veins are united at their origin. 
 Species 11, 12. 
 A A. Apical vein simple ; below it six veins from the discoidal cell, 
 c. The three lowest of these veins are not uuited at their origin. 
 
 Species 7. 
 c c. The penultimate and antepenultimate of these veins, proceed 
 from the same point. Species 6, 8-10. 
 
 The twelve British species may (without denuding the wings) 
 be placed in the following table : — 
 
 a. The cilia of the anterior wings not retuse below the apex. Sp. 1-4. 
 a a. The cilia of the anterior wings retuse below the apex. Sp. 5-7. 
 a a a. The anterior wings slightly caudate. Species 8-10. 
 a a a a. The anterior wings caudate. Species 11, 12. 
 
 1. sequeUa, Clerck, I. PI. x. f. 14 (1759); Linn.; Fab.; Godart; 
 Haw.; Treit.; Step. ; Dup. — )iycle»ierella,Vf.Y.; Fab. — pusiella, Linn. ? 
 Alis anticis albis, vitta dentata dorsali nigra, striis numerosis costae ab- 
 breviatis nigris, apicc costse margincque postico nigrescentc-punctatis. 
 Exp. al. 8 liu. 
 
 1 1 rail, face, and palpi white. Antcnnie blackish. Anterior wings 
 while, with an indented black blotch on the inner margin, reaching be- 
 yond the middle; at the base and between the indentations it touches 
 the fold, and at its hinder end it crosses the fold ; along the costa are 
 several short black streaks, a more conspicuous one in the middle, 
 sloping inwardly, readies nearly half across the wing, and an irregular 
 black mark beyond the middle of the costa, almost unites with the ter- 
 mination of the blotch on the inner margin ; along the apex of the costa 
 anil hinder margin, and at the anal angle, are some black or blackish 
 marks ; cilia white at the apex, in the middle of the hinder margin 
 and at the anal angle blackish. Posterior wings grey, with paler cilia. 
 
CEHOSTOMA. 7L 
 
 Not common, appears in July and August. The larva (ac- 
 cording to Madame Licnig) feeds on limes and sallows, in May 
 and June. 
 
 2. vittella, Linn. S. N. (10) 538. 264 (1758) ; CI.; Fab.; Haw.; 
 Dap. — vilella, Hub.; Step.; Zell. — sisymbrella,\V.X. — var. maurellus, 
 Step. Alis anticis griseis saturntiore variegatis, vitta dentata dorsali ni- 
 gra, puncto ad unguium aualcm, striaque apicis nigris. Exp. al. Si liu. 
 
 Head, face, and palpi grey. Antenna; dark fuscous. Anterior wings 
 grey, mottled with darker, with a black blotch on the inner margin, 
 from near the base to beyond the middle, indented or interrupted in 
 the middle and not reaching to the fold ; a small spot at the anal angle 
 and a streak at the apex of the wing black ; cilia pale grey, opposite 
 the apical streak dark grey. Posterior wings pale grey, paler towards 
 the base, with paler cilia. In the variety maurellus, Step., the entire 
 dorsal half of the anterior wings is blackish, only a narrow space along 
 the costa being greyish-ochreous. 
 
 Sometimes not uncommon among elms in July and August. 
 The larva feeds in May on elm, beech, and (according to Madame 
 Lienig) honeysuckle. 
 
 3. radiatella, Don. B. I. iii. pi. 77 (1794); Step. — radiatus, 
 Haw. — variella, Hub. ; Step. — varians, Haw.— -fissella, Hub. ; Step. ; 
 Trcit. ; Dup. ; Zell.— -fissus, Haw. Alis anticis ochrcis, griseo vel rufo 
 mixtis, fuscisve, puncto saturate fusco pone medium supra plicam ; 
 interdum vitta media saturate fusca, interdum striis numerosis pallidis. 
 Exp. al. 8 lin. 
 
 A most variable species. Head, face, and palpi greyish-ochreous or 
 fuscous. Antenna: pale or dark fuscous. Anterior wings either grey- 
 ish-ochreous, pale ochreous, reddish-oehreous, or fuscous, with a dark 
 fuscous spot above the fold beyond the middle ; sometimes with a thick 
 dark fuscous streak along the middle of the wing, sometimes with nu- 
 merous pale streaks upon a dark ground ; cilia usually paler than the 
 wing, frequently with the apex dark. Posterior wings grey, with paler 
 cilia. 
 
 Abundant among oaks in August and September ; hybernatcd 
 specimens arc not unfrequent in the spring. The larva, which 
 (according to Madame Lienig) is almost as variable as the perfect 
 insect, feeds on oaks in May. 
 
 4. costella, Fab. S. E. 668. 10 (1775); Haw.; Treit; Step.; 
 Dup. — maculella, Fab. ? Alis anticis griseo-ochreis, vel rufo-ochrcis, 
 macula basali prope cos/am alba, raro obsoleta, interdum puncto pone 
 medium supra plicam saturate fusco, apicc marginis postiei fusco punc- 
 tate. Exp. al. 8 lin. 
 
 Head, face, and palpi whitish-ochrcous. Antenna: whitish, with fus- 
 cous annulations. Anterior wings variable in colour, greyish-ochreous, 
 reddish-oehreous, or almost dark brown, with a white blotch (rarely ob- 
 
72 PLUTELUDJE. 
 
 solete) towards the eosta extending from the base to the middle of the 
 wing ; there is frequently a conspicuous dark fuscous spot above the 
 fold beyond the middle, and the costal half of the wing is frequently 
 spotted with fuscous ; at the apex of the hinder margin are some fus- 
 cous spots; cilia paler than the wing, with a fuscous streak in the 
 apex. Posterior wings grey, with paler cilia. 
 
 The perfect insect occurs from the end of July to September, 
 among oaks, less commonly than the preceding. 
 
 5. sylvella, Linn. S. N. (12) 893. 413 (1767); Fab.; Hub. ; 
 Treit. ; Step. ; Dup. — bifascialus, Haw. Alis anticis dilute ochreis, 
 vix fusco reticulatis, fasciis duabus obliquis, coslam versus inlerruptis, 
 saturate fuscis. Exp. al. 9 lin. 
 
 Head, face, and palpi pale ochreous. Antenna; whitish-ochrcous, 
 annulated with fuscous. Anterior wings pale ochreous, slightly reticu- 
 lated with fuscous, with two oblique dark fuscous fasciae (one before, 
 the other beyond the middle), somewhat interrupted towards the costa ,■ 
 cilia pale ochreous. Posterior wings grey, with paler cilia. 
 
 Not uncommon among oaks in August and September. The 
 larva feeds (according to Madame Lienig) on the oak in June. 
 
 6. alpella, W. V. 135. 20 (1776); Fab.; Treit. —persicellus, 
 Step.? Alis anticis dilute ochreis, obsolete fuscescente-reticulatis, 
 striis duabus dorsi obliquis, plicam vix superantibus, fuscis. Exp. al. 8 
 lin. 
 
 Head, face, and palpi pale ochreous. Antenna} whitish-ochreous, 
 annulated with fuscous. Anterior wings pale ochreous, indistinctly 
 reticulated with pale fuscous, with two oblique fuscous streaks from the 
 inner margin (one before, and one beyond the middle), neither reaching 
 more than half across the wing ; cilia pale ochreous. Posterior wings 
 grey, paler towards the base, with pale greyish-ochreous cilia. 
 
 Not scarce among oaks in August. 
 
 7. lucella, Fab. S. E. 667. 4 (1775); Schr.— antennella, W. V.; 
 Treit. ; Step. ; Dup. — retusana, Borgst. — mucronella, Hub. ; Haw. 
 Alis anticis ochreis fuscescente-reticulatis, dorso obsolete albo usque 
 pone medium ; capite albo. Exp. al. 8 lin. 
 
 Head and face while. Palpi white ; second joint beneath ochreous. 
 Antennae white, annulated with black. Anterior wings ochreous, reticu- 
 lated with pale fuscous, with the inner margin indistinctly white to be- 
 yond the middle ; near the inner margin are two dark ochreous blotches, 
 one towards the base, the other beyond the middle ; cilia pale reddish- 
 ochreous. Posterior wings grey, with paler cilia. 
 
 Not uncommon in many localities in July. 
 
 8. horridella, Treit. E. S. x. iii. 191 (1835); Dup.; Guenee?— 
 falcella, Step. — subfalcatella, Curt. Alis anticis saturate fuscis violaceo 
 
 tinctis, tnaculis tribus scabris sub plicam nigris, macula siuuata obsolcta 
 dorsali saturate fusca. Exp. al. 9 lin. 
 
CETIOSTOMA. 73 
 
 Head and face greyish-fuscous. Palpi pale grey ; second joint be- 
 neath greyish-fuscous. Antennae fuscous. Anterior wings dark flu- 
 cons, toil/i a slight violet tint, with three tufts of elevated black scales 
 below the fold, and an obsolete sinuated dark fuscous blotch along 
 the inner margin ; cilia greyish-fuscous. Posterior wings pale greyish- 
 fuscous, with paler cilia. 
 
 Taken occasionally in the New Forest in July, among the wild 
 apple-trees. 
 
 9. scabrella, Linn. F. S. 1446 (1761); Fab. ; Treit. j Step, j Curt. 
 bifmella, W. "V .—pterodactylella, Hub. ; Haw. — Helwigella, Fab. ? Alis 
 anticis dilute griseo-ochreis, fusco-striatis, maculis tribus scabris sub 
 plicam nigris, macula sinuata dorsali saturate fusca, margiuc postico 
 saturate fusco-punctato. Exp. al. 10 lin. 
 
 Head pale greyish-oehreous ; in the middle fuscous. Face pale grcy- 
 ish-ochrcous. Palpi pale greyish-oehreous ; second joint beneath dark 
 fustous ; terminal joint with a fuscous ring near the base. Antenna; 
 pale ochreous. Anterior wings pale greyish-oehreous, streaked with 
 fuscous ; towards the inner margin almost sull'used with dark fuscous, 
 with three tufts of elevated black scales below the fold, and a sinuated 
 dark fuscous blotch along the inner margin; hinder margin spotted 
 with dark fuscous ; cilia greyish-fuscous. Posterior wings pale greyish- 
 fuscous, with paler cilia. 
 
 Not scarce in the New Forest and near Bristol, in July and 
 August. The larva feeds on apple-trees in May. 
 
 10. asperella, Linn. F. S. 1447 (1761) ; W. V. ; Fab. ; Haw. ; 
 Treit. ; Step. ; Dup. — Clairvillella, Vab.—falcatella, Don. Alis anticis 
 luleo-albis, dilute fusco nebulosis, macula magna triangttlari interne 
 scabra in medio dorsi, fusca et carulco-nigra, puncto margiuis postici 
 CBorulco-nigro. Exp. al. 10 lin. 
 
 Head, face, and palpi yellowish-white. Antennae yellowish-white, 
 with pale fuscous annulatious. Anterior wings yellowish-white, clouded 
 with pale fuscous, with a large triangular blotch on the middle of the 
 inner margin, consisting of several tufts of raised scales, pale fuscous on 
 the fold, and bluish-black along the inner margin ; in the middle of the 
 hinder margin is a small bluish-black spot ; cilia yellowish-white, be- 
 low the apex dark fuscous. Posterior wings grey, with paler cilia. 
 
 This beautiful insect is extremely rare with us ; it appears from 
 the end of August to October. The larva feeds on apple-trees in 
 June. 
 
 11. nemorella, Linn. S. N. (10) 536. 247 (1758); Wenncr 
 (Thuu.) ; Step. — hamella, Hiib. ; Treit. ; Dup. — cultrea, Haw. Alis 
 anticis albidis, venis ochrco fuscove striatis, puncto plica; ante medium 
 nigro. Exp. al. 11 lin. 
 
 Head and face whitish. Palpi whitish ; second joint beneath pale 
 fuscous. Antenna; whitish, annulated with pale fuscous. Anterior 
 
 VOL. III. L 
 
74 VLUTELLIM. 
 
 wings whitish, with the veins streaked with oclireous or fuscous, and 
 with numerous scattered fuscous scales ; on the fold before the middle 
 is a black spot ; cilia pale greyish-ochreous. Posterior wings pale grey, 
 with pale greyish-ochreous cilia. 
 
 Not scarce in the neighbourhood of Huddersfield : the imago 
 appears in June and July. The larva feeds on the bark of the 
 honeysuckle in May. 
 
 12. Xylostella, Linn. S. N. (12) 890. 389 (1161).— dcntella, 
 Fab. ; Haw. ; Step. — Mrpella, W. V. ; Hub. ; Treit. ; Dup. ; Zell.— 
 hamatus, Fab. Alis anticis rufo-brunneis, dorso late luteo-albo, stria 
 tenuissima obliqua pone medium, plicam superantc. Exp. al. 1 lin. 
 
 Head and face yellowish-white ; at the sides brown. Palpi yellowish- 
 white ; second joint beneath brown. Antennas white, annulatcd with 
 black. Anterior wings reddish-brown, darkest above the fold and in 
 the middle of the wing, posteriorly paler and of a greyish tint ; # the 
 inner margin rather broadly yellowish-white, with an extremely narrow 
 oblique white streak, running half across the wing beyond the middle ; 
 in the extreme apex is a fuscous streak ; cilia pale fuscous. Posterior 
 wings dark grey, with paler cilia. 
 
 Common in gardens and hedges among honeysuckle in July 
 and August. The larva feeds on the leaves of the honeysuckle in 
 May. 
 
 Genus IV. THERISTIS. 
 
 Theristis p., Hub. ; Step. Harpipteryx p., Treit. ; Curt. ; Dup. Pin- 
 
 tella p., Zell. 
 Capilli hirsuti. Antennae simplices. Haustellum mediocre, nudum. 
 Palpi maxillares filiformes. Palpi labialcs, articulo secundo in fasci- 
 culum tenuem longum producto, articulo tertio erecto brevi aculei- 
 formi. Ate anteriores clongatse acuminata;; ate posteriores (ante 
 angulum analem leviter retusa;) lanccolatoc, longe ciliatse. 
 Head rough. Antenna? simple. Tongue of moderate length, naked. 
 Maxillary palpi slender, filiform. Labial palpi with the second joint 
 prolonged into a long slender tuft ; the third joint much shorter than 
 this tuft, erect, acuminate. Anterior wings elongate, acuminate ; pos- 
 terior wings (slightly emarginate before the anal angle) lanceolate, with 
 long cilia. 
 
 Only one species is known in this genus; it appears in the 
 autumn, and, hybernating, is again seen in spring. 
 
 1. caudella, Linn. S. N. (12). 894.. 417 (1767).— Panzerella, 
 Don. ; Curt. — cultrella, Hub. ; Treit. ; Dup. — acinacidella, Hub.; Step. 
 Alis anticis dilute grisco-ochreis, stria supra plicam ex basi usque ad me- 
 dium, macidaque plicae ante medium, saturate fuscis. Exp. al. 13^ lin. 
 
GELECHID^. 75 
 
 Head and face pale greyish-ochreous. Palpi pale greyish-ochreous ; 
 tuft of the second joint beneath pale fuscous. Antenna pale greyish- 
 ochreous. Anterior wings pale greyish-ochreous, with a dark fuscous 
 streak above the fold, from the base to beyond the middle, a dark 
 fuscous spot on the fold before the middle, and another on the disc 
 beyond the middle ; cilia pale ochrcous. Posterior wings whitish-grey, 
 with whitish-ochreous cilia. 
 
 In the variety acinacidella of Hiibner, the anterior wings are very 
 much streaked with dark fuscous, and there is an additional dark fus- 
 cous spot towards the inner margin near the base. 
 
 Not common ; most frequently found on the chalk ; appears in 
 August and September, and again in spring. The larva feeds on 
 the spindle in June and July. 
 
 Family V. GELECHIBvE. 
 
 Caput lave. Palpi labiates recurvati, raro breves, interdum articulo 
 secundo in faseiculum producto. Alee posleriores laliusculce, ssepe 
 trapezoidales vel ovato-lanceolataB, raro acuminata (Paucalia, Butalis). 
 Larva pedibus 16 prcedita. 
 
 Head smooth. Labial palpi recurved, generally long, sometimes with 
 the second joint prolonged as a tuft. Posterior wings rather broad, 
 often trapezoidal, or ovate-lanceolate, rarely acuminate (Pancalia, Bu- 
 talis). Larva with sixteen feet. 
 
 There is great discrepancy between the species composing the 
 family, and no doubt future investigations, and the study of exo- 
 tic forms, will enable us to subdivide it. Many individual genera 
 arc perhaps only types of extensive families, which have no 
 other representatives in the temperate climate of Europe; and 
 the discovery of species in India, Brazil, etc., may hereafter show 
 that these isolated species are there represented more numerously, 
 just as we find to be the case among the Noctuina with Calpe 
 Thalictri and Calyptra libatrix, which, though anomalous among 
 our European species, are the representatives of extensive tropical 
 families. 
 
 The genus Gcleclna, which forms so important a part of this 
 family, is far more numerous in species than any other genus of 
 Tineina with which we are acquainted. In some of the genera 
 of this family [Phibalocera, Harpella, Ilypercallia, and Dasgcera), 
 the species are remarkably for their gay colouring; but the great 
 bulk of the species in the other genera, would, in ordinary par- 
 lance, be termed inconspicuous insects. Many of the species keep 
 themselves so well concealed, that they are rarely met with in the 
 
76 GELECHIDjE. 
 
 perfect state. Harpella, some of the (Ecophoree, and Gelee/iia 
 fly in the early morning, but most of the species fly in the even- 
 ing dusk. 
 
 The twenty-five genera represented in this country, may be ar- 
 ranged in the following table : — 
 
 a. Posterior wings broad, or emarginate before the apex. 
 b. Second joint of the palpi not very long. 
 c. Second joint of the palpi thin. 
 d. Anterior wings truncate. 
 
 e. Antennae shorter than the anterior wings. 1 . Orthot^lia. 
 e e. Antenna; longer than the anterior wings. 4. Puiba- 
 
 LOCERA. 
 
 d d. Anterior wings ovate. 2. Semioscopis. 
 c c. Second joint of the palpi considerably thickened beneath with 
 scales. 
 
 f. Anterior wings ovate, with raised tufts. 3. Enicostoma. 
 //. Anterior wings emarginate below the apex. 5. Exacretia. 
 fff. Anterior wings ovate, smooth. 6. Depressaria. 
 
 c c c. Second joint of the palpi slightly thickened beneath with 
 scales. • 
 
 g. Terminal joint of the palpi thin. 8. Gelechia. 
 g g. Terminal joint thickened above with scales. 
 
 /(. Posterior wings deeply emarginate before the apex. 9. Pa- 
 
 rasia. 
 h li. Posterior wings slightly emarginate before the apex. 
 i. Anterior wings smooth. 11. Cuelaria. 
 i i. Anterior wings rough. 7. Phoricoptera. 
 c c c c. Second joint of the palpi with loose projecting scales. 
 
 10. Cleodoha. 
 c c c c c. Second joint of the palpi with a projecting tuft. 
 k. Anterior wings not emarginate below the apex. 
 
 I. Anterior wings rather acute. 12. Anarsia. 
 
 I I. Anterior wings rounded. 13. Ypsolophus. 
 k k. Anterior wings emarginate below the apex. 
 
 in. Terminal joint of the palpi concealed in the scales of the 
 
 second joint. 14. Aplota. 
 m m. Terminal joint of the palpi projecting beyond the scales 
 
 of the second joint. 
 
 n. Cilia of the anterior wings without markings. 15. No- 
 
 THRIS. 
 
 n n. Cilia of the anterior wings with markings. 16. So- 
 
 PHRONIA. 
 
 I> b. Second joint of the palpi very long. 
 
 o. Second joint of the palpi very much thickened with scales. 
 p. Anterior wings elongate. 17. Pleurota. 
 pp. Anterior wings oblong. 18. Harpella. 
 
OltTIIOT/ELIA. 77 
 
 o o. Second joint of the palpi not much thickened with scales. 
 19. IIypeucallia. 
 a a. Posterior wings narrow, ovate or ovate-lanceolate. 
 
 q. Antennae thickened with scales towards the base. 20. Dasycera. 
 q q. Antenna; not thickened with scales towards the base. 
 
 r. Posterior wings with a transparent patch at the base. 23. En- 
 
 drosis. 
 r r. Posterior wings with no transparent patch at the base. 
 s. Posterior wings not acutely pointed. 
 t. Antennae slender. 21. (Ecophoba. 
 t 1. Antenna) rather thick. 22. (Egoconia. 
 s s. Posterior wings acutely pointed ; body thick. 
 
 it. Anterior wings unicolorous, grey, or bronze, or with white 
 
 spots and marks. 24. Butalis. 
 « u. Anterior wings reddish-orange, with gold spots. 25. 
 Pancalia. 
 
 Genus I. ORTHOTiELIA. 
 
 OrtiioT/ELia, Step. H. iv. 195 (1834). Agoniopteryx, Treit. Cau- 
 lobius, Dup. Hcemylis, Zell. 
 
 Capilli deprcssi. Ocelli nulli. Antennae mediocres, articulis distinctis, 
 <£ microscope ciliatis. Ilaustellum brevissimum, nudum. Palpi 
 maxillares brevissimi, distincti. Palpi labiales breviusculi, reflexi, 
 cylindrici, tenues, acuminati, articulo tertio secundo longiore. Ab- 
 domen elongatum, convexum. Alae oblongae, breviter ciliatae, ante- 
 riores postice dilatatee, truncate ; posteriores ante angulum analem 
 non sinuatae. 
 
 Head smooth. Ocelli none. Antennae of moderate length, with 
 distinct joints, microscopically ciliated. Tongue very short, naked. 
 Maxillary palpi very short, distinct. Labial palpi rather short, reflcxed, 
 cylindrical, slender, pointed ; the third joint longer than the second. 
 Abdomen elongate, convex. Wings oblong, with short cilia ; the anterior 
 dilated posteriorly and truncate ; the posterior not sinuatcd before the 
 anal angle. 
 
 Only one species is known in this singular genus ; it flies at 
 dusk among Sparganinm, heavily and sluggishly. The larva, 
 when young, mines the leaves, and afterwards bores down the 
 stems of the Sparganium ; it is dirty greyish-white, remarkably 
 elongated, with a peculiarly flattened tail ; it changes to a pupa 
 inside the stem of the plant. 
 
 1. Sparganella, Wenner (Thun.) I. S. 7. 83 (1794).— Spargani- 
 ella, Treit. ; Dup. ; Zcll. — venosa, Haw. ; Step. — tostella, Hub. Ms 
 anticis ochreis, dorso ac vitta media saturate fuscis, venis omnibus dilute 
 luteis, punctis plicae saturate fuscis. Exp. al. 10-11^ lin. 
 
78 GELECHID2E. 
 
 Head, face, and palpi pale ochrcous. Antennas ochreous, with darker 
 animations. Anterior wings ochreous, with the inner margin and a 
 broad space between the fold and the costa dark fuscous, in which 
 however all the veins arc conspicuous as pale ochreous streaks ; along 
 the fold are four or five dark fuscous spots, of which the two first are 
 the most conspicuous, and on the disc beyond the middle is a dark 
 fuscous blotch ; cilia fuscous. Posterior wings white, with a pale fus- 
 cous cloud near the base ; cilia whitish. 
 
 In some specimens the anterior wings are of a uniform purplish-fus- 
 cous, with only the costa narrowly pale ochreous. 
 
 Not scarce among Sparganium in July and August. The larva 
 feeds in the Sparganium in May and June. 
 
 Genus II. SEMIOSCOPIS. 
 
 Semioscopis, Hub. V. 402(1810); Step.; Zell. Bpigraphia,J)a]}. 
 
 Lemmatophila p., Treit. 
 Capilli appressi, in conulum frontalem producti. Ocelli parvi, pone 
 oculos. Antennas crassiusculse, £ pubescentes. Haustellum breve, 
 squanuitum. Palpi labiales arcuali, arliculo secmido squanus appres- 
 m, articulo tertio acuminato. Alee mediocriter ciliatoe, anteriores ob- 
 longo-ovata;, posteriores ovata:. Ala; anteriores : vena; apicalis fur- 
 oats ramus inferior supra vel in apicem exit, infra earn venae quiii- 
 que, ultima interdum cum penultima connexa, valde curvus ; vena 
 subdorsalis furcata ; alee posteriores : vena apicalis ante apicem 
 exit, infra earn venae duae c vcnula transversa, vena mediana bifida. 
 Head smooth, the scales prolonged in front, forming a little cone. 
 Ocelli small, behind the eyes. Antenna; rather thick, in the <J pubes- 
 cent. Tongue short, clothed with scales. Labial palpi arched ; the 
 second joint with oppressed scales ; the third joint acuminate. Wings 
 with moderately long cilia ; the anterior oblong-ovate ; the posterior 
 ovate. In the anterior wings, the lower branch of the forked apical 
 vein runs out in or above the apex ; below it are five veins from the 
 discoidal cell, the last much curved, sometimes united with the penulti- 
 mate ; the subdorsal vein is furcate. In the posterior wings the apical 
 vein runs out before the apex, below it arc two veins from the trans- 
 verse vein ; the median vein is bifid. 
 
 There arc only two British species in this genus, although two 
 others are known on the continent. They both appear in the 
 early spring, and being sometimes met with on palings and on 
 the trunks of trees, are the objects of many a healthful walk to 
 the young collector. 
 
 The structure of the palpi affords sufficient character at once to 
 recognize our species. 
 
ENICOSTOMA. 79 
 
 a. Terminal joint of the palpi almost porrected, short, naked. Sp. 1. 
 a a. Terminal joint of the palpi erect, rather long, clothed with scales. 
 Species 2. 
 
 1. Avellanella, Iliib. Tin. 27 (1801) ; Treit.; Step.; Dup. ; Evcrs. 
 Alis anticis dilute griseo-ochreis, fusco-irroratis, stria basali plica, ante 
 medium angulata et in medio disci desineute, saturate fusca. Exp. al. 
 11 lin. 
 
 Head and face greyish-ochreous. Palpi dark fuscous ; second joint 
 internally at the base pale ochreous ; terminal joint entirely pale ochrc- 
 ous. Antenna; greyish-fuscous. Anterior wings pale greyish-ochreous, 
 somewhat irrorated with fnscous, with a dark fuscous streak from the 
 base along the fold, angulaled towards the costa, and terminating on the 
 disc about the middle of the wing ; on the costa beyond the middle is a 
 pale fuscous blotch, and an angulated fuscous mark lies at the termina- 
 tion of the discoidal cell ; hinder margin and apex of the costa spotted 
 with dark fuscous ; cilia pale grey. Posterior wings pale greyish-fus- 
 cous, with paler cilia. 
 
 Not common ; appears at the end of March and beginning of 
 April among birches. 
 
 2. Steinkellneriana, W. V. 130. 16 (1776); Schr. ; Lienig.— 
 Sleinkelneranajf&h.; Step. — Sleinkelneri,llaw. — Sleinkelluerella, Treit.; 
 Dup. — characterella, Hub. Alis anticis griseo-fuscis, vix rosco-tinctis, 
 macula angulata disci ante medium (angulo dorsum versus), striolaque 
 postica angulata (angulo apiccm versus) nigris. Exp. al. 10 lin. 
 
 Head and face greyish-fuscous. Palpi greyish-fuscous; terminal 
 joint somewhat ochreous, with a dark fuscous ring before the apex. 
 Antenna: fuscous. Anterior wings greyish-fuscous, with a slight rosy 
 tinge, with a small black spot near the base on the subcostal vein; be- 
 fore the middle is an angulaled black mark on the disc (with the angle 
 towards the inner margin), beyond it is a dark fuscous cloud on the 
 costa, below which is a small angulated black mark (the angle of which 
 is turned towards the apex of the costa) ; the hinder margin and apex 
 of the costa are delicately spotted with black ; cilia greyish-fuscous. 
 Posterior wings pale greyish-fuscous, with pale fuscous cilia internally 
 darker. 
 
 Not scarce in April. The larva feeds (according to Madame 
 Lienig) in August and September, on hawthorn and mountain- 
 ash, between turued-dowu leaves. 
 
 Genus III. ENICOSTOMA. 
 
 Enicostoma, Step. H. iv. 226 (1834). Gelechia p., Zell. 
 
 Capilli superne suberecti, in conulum frontalcm producti. Ocelli nulli. 
 Antennas setacea:. Haustcllum mediocre, squamatum. Palpi la- 
 biates arcuati ; articulo secuudo longo, squamis appressis ; tertio tevi, 
 
80 OELECniD/E. 
 
 adscendcnte, acuminato. Alas mcdiocritcr ciliatre, anleriores latins- 
 culm ovatce, posteriores ovatae ante apiccm lcvissime retusas. Alas 
 anteriores : vena apicalis furcata ante apicem exit, infra earn vcncc 
 quinquc, venae submcdianre apex, medianam valde approximaus, in- 
 crassatus ; vena subdorsals furcata. Ala? posteriores : vena apicalis 
 simplex ante apicem exit, infra earn vena; duaa c venula transversa ; 
 vena mediana trifida. 
 
 Head almost rough ; scales produced in front in a little cone. Ocelli 
 none. Antennas setaceous. Tongue of moderate length, scaled. La- 
 bial palpi arc/ted; the second joint long, with appressed scales ; the third 
 joint smooth, ascending, pointed. Wings with moderate cilia ; the an- 
 terior rather broad, ovate ; the posterior ovate, very slightly retuse be- 
 fore the apex. In the anterior wings the furcate apical vein runs out 
 before the apex ; below it are five veins from the discoidal cell ; the 
 apex of the submedian vein, which closely approximates to the median, 
 is thickened ; the subdorsal vein is furcate. In the posterior wings 
 the simple apical vein runs out before the apex, below are two veins 
 from the transverse vein ; the median vein is trifid. 
 
 Only one species is known in this genus ; it is occasionally beaten 
 out of hedges, and, both in flight and when first seen in the net, 
 has some resemblance to a Sciaphila. The pale green larva feeds 
 in August and September, on the underside of the leaves of the 
 sloe, spinning a slight web, and causing the leaves to assume a 
 slightly deflexed form. 
 
 1. lobeUa, W. V. 188. 9 (1776); Hub.; Schr.; Treit.— Thim- 
 bergana, Eab. ; Step. — Thunbergii, Haw. — lugubrella, Hup. Alis an- 
 ticis saturate griseis, punctis quinquc scabris (tribus fere fasciam obli- 
 quam ante medium formantibus, duobus disci oblique positis pone me- 
 dium) nigris. Exp. al. 8 lin. 
 
 Head and face dark grey. Palpi dark grey ; terminal joint whitish, 
 with the base and a ring before the apex black. Antennae dark fus- 
 cous. Anterior wings dark grey, with five spots of elevated black 
 scales, three before and two beyond the middle ; the first three are 
 placed obliquely in a transverse line, the other two arc placed obliquely 
 on the disc (the lower one being the posterior) ; the hinder margin is 
 spotted with dark fuscous, and there are some small dark fuscous 
 clouds along the costa ; cilia pale grey. Posterior wings pale grey, 
 with paler cilia. 
 
 Not scarce, in hedges in June. The larva plentiful in August 
 and September on the sloe. 
 
 Genus IV. PHIBALOCERA. 
 
 PmuALOCEitA, Step. H. iv. 192 (1834). Carcina, Zell. Carcii/a p., 
 Hub. Lampros p., Treit. 
 
PI1IBAL0CEBA. 81 
 
 Capilli depressi, frons obtusa. Antenna alis multo longiores, avticulis 
 comprcssis. Haustellum mediocre, squuniatum. Palpi maxillares 
 brevissimi. Palpi labiates medioores, adscendentes, articulo secuudo 
 lougiore infra pilis apprcssis, apicera versus incrassato, tertio sub- 
 evecto, tenui, acuminato. Ahc oblongm, mediocriter ciliatie, anteriorum 
 costa convexa, apice acuto. Ahe anteriorcs : vena; apicalis rami supra 
 et infra apicetn exeunt ; ccllula secundaria indicata ; vena; medians 
 ramus primus a secundo lorn/mime distat, secundus et tertius in fur- 
 cam coaliti. Ala: posteriorcs : cellula costalis latiuscula ; vena api- 
 calis a sequentc separata ; vena medians trifida. 
 Head smooth, in front obtuse. Anlennre much longer than the wings; 
 the joints compressed. Tongue of moderate length, scaled. Maxillary 
 palpi very short. Labial palpi moderately long, ascending ; the longer 
 second joint with apprcssed scales beneath, thickened towards the apex, 
 third joint nearly erect, slender, pointed. Wings oblong, with moderate 
 cilia ; the costa of the anterior wings convex ; the apex acute. In the 
 anterior wiugs, the branches of the apical vein run out above and below 
 the apex ; the secondary cell is indicated ; the first branch of the me- 
 dian vein is very remote from the second ; the second and third are 
 united into a fork. In the posterior wings the costal cell is rather 
 broad; the apical vein is unconnected with the following; the median 
 vein is triiid. 
 
 This genus contains only one British species (another is, I be- 
 lieve, known on the continent); it is frequently beaten from hedges 
 and bushes, when it may be observed Hying sluggishly, or rather 
 falling to the ground ; for indeed it only appears to make use of 
 its wings to break its fall. The larva is polyphagous, feeding 
 under a web on the underside of the leaves of the oak, beech, 
 pear, bramble, etc. 
 
 1. Quercana, Fab. S. E. 652. 39(1775); Don.; Haw.; Step.— 
 Fagana, YV. V. ; Hub.; Schr. — Faganella, Treit. — cancella, Hub. Alis 
 anticis dilute griseo-ruiis, costa; basi, macula quadrate costa; pone me- 
 dium ciliisque dilute flavis. Exp. al. 9 lin. 
 
 Head and face pale rosy-grey. Palpi pain reddish-ochrcous, inter- 
 nally paler. Antenna; pale rosy-grey. Anterior wings pale rosy-grey, 
 somewhat suffused with rosy, with an obscure oblique dark striga be- 
 fore the middle, and two fuscous spots on the disc, one in the middle, 
 the other beyond the middle, sometimes united to a fuscous blotch on 
 the fold ; the base of the costa, and a quadrate spot on the costa be- 
 yond the middle, are pale yellow; the hinder margin and apex of the 
 costa rosy-fuscous; cilia pale yellow, at the- anal angle pale rosy-grey. 
 Posterior wings whitish, with a slight rosy-fuscous tint, with paler cilia. 
 
 An abundant species in July and August. The larva poly- 
 phagous in May and June. 
 
82 GELECHID/E. 
 
 Genus V. EXJERETIA. 
 
 Exjeiietia, Sta. Ent. Trans, v. 152 (1849). 
 
 Oapilli depressi. Ocelli nulli. Antennre ( $ ) pnbescenle-cilialis. Haus- 
 tcllum mediocre, squamatum. Palpi mnxillnrcs brevissiuri. Palpi 
 labiales mediocrcs, refiexi, articulo sccundo infra scopiformi, tertio 
 tenui, kevi, acuto. Alreoblongre brevius ciliatre, anteriores costa levi- 
 ter sinuata, ciliis sub apicem leviier retusis, postcriores margine pos- 
 tico ante angulum nnalem rotundatura sinuato. Aire anteriores : 
 vcnre apicalis furcatre ramus inferior in apicem exit ; infra cam rami 
 quinque ; venre medianre rami duo primi in furcam conjuncti ; sub- 
 mediana a mediana distat, apice incrassato. Aire posteriorcs i venre 
 subdorsales trcs, tertia in basi plicreformis ; vena mediana trifida ; 
 cellula costalis sensim coarctata ; vena apicalis simplex. 
 Head smooth. Ocelli none. Antennre (of the male) pubescent. 
 Tongue of moderate length, scaled. Maxillary palpi very short. La- 
 bial palpi moderately long, reflexed ; the second joint beneath resem- 
 bling a brush ; the third joint slender, smooth, pointed. Wings ob- 
 long, with short cilia ; the costa of the anterior wings slightly sinuated, 
 and the cilia below the apex very slightly emarginate ; the hinder margin 
 of the posterior wings sinuated before the rounded anal angle. In the 
 anterior wings the lower branch of the furcate apical vein runs into the 
 apex ; below it arc five veins from the discoidal cell ; the two first 
 branches of the median vein arc united into a fork ; the apical portion 
 of the submedian, which is remote from the median vein, is thickened. 
 In the posterior wings are three subdorsal veins ; the third thin to- 
 wards the base ; the median vein is trifid ; the costal cell is perceptibly 
 narrowed, and the apical vein is simple. 
 
 Of this peculiar genus only one species is known, which till 
 last year was very rare ; it appears more frequent in the northern 
 counties of England, but one specimen was taken in Norfolk by 
 Mr. Wing. The species is thought to frequent the Artemisia 
 vulgaris. 
 
 1. Allisella, Sta. Ent. Trans, v. 152. pi. 17. f. 1 (1849). Alis 
 anticis plumbeo-griscis, stria obliqua costali pone medium rufo-grisea, 
 in qua macula disci saturate fusca. Exp. al. 10 lin. 
 
 Head reddish-grey. Eace leaden-grey. Palpi reddish-grey, inter- 
 nally leaden-grey. Antennre dark fuscous. Anterior wings leaden- 
 grey, with a reddish-grey blotch near the inner margin towards the 
 base, a short reddish-grey oblique streak from the costa before the 
 middle, terminatiug in a small dark fuscous spot, and an oblique reddish- 
 grey streak from the costa a little beyond the middle, reaching nearly 
 half across the wing; in this streak on the disc is an oblique dark fus- 
 cous spot ; the apical portion of the wing is rather clouded with reddish- 
 grey, and there are some reddish-grey spots along the apex of the costa ; 
 
DEPRE8SAR1A. 83 
 
 cilia leaden-grey, with a slight reddish tinge. Posterior wings pale 
 greyish-fuscous, with paler cilia. 
 
 Occurs in the north of England in July; taken also on the 
 coast, in Norfolk and Kent. 
 
 Genus VI. DEPRESSARIA. 
 
 Depressaria, Haw. L. B. 505 (1812) j Curt. ; Step. ; Zell. Hmmy- 
 
 lis, Dup. llamylis p., Treit. ; Zett. 
 Capilli depressi. Ocelli nulli. Antennae articulis confertis, vix denti- 
 culatis. llaustellum mediocre, squamatum. Palpi maxillares brc- 
 vissirai. Palpi labiales mediocres, rellexi, articulo secundo infra 
 scopiformi, tertio tenui, laevi, aculo. Abdomen planum, sguamis mar- 
 ginatum. Ake oblongae mediocriter ciliata?, posteriores margine pos- 
 tico ante unguium analem rolundatum plerumque sinualo. Alas ante- 
 riorcs : venas apicalis furcate ramus inferior ante apicem exit ; infra 
 earn rami quinquc ; venae medianaj rami duo primi in furcam con- 
 juncti ; submediana a mediana distat, apicc incrassato. Ala: poste- 
 riores : venre subdorsales tres, tertia in basi plicajformis ; vena me- 
 diana trilida ; cellula costalis sensim coarctata, vena apicalis simplex. 
 Head smooth. Ocelli none. Antennas with the joints compressed, 
 hardly denticulate, not pubescent. Tongue of moderate length, scaled. 
 Maxillary palpi very short. Labial palpi moderately long, reilexed ; 
 the second joint beneath resembling a brush ; the third joint slender, 
 smooth, pointed. Abdomen, flat, with projecting scales at the sides. Wings 
 oblong, with moderate cilia ; the anterior not emarginate on the costa, 
 slightly rounded at the apex j the posterior wings generally with the 
 hinder margin emarginate before the rounded anal angle. In the ante- 
 rior wings the lower branch of the furcate apical vein runs into the 
 costa before the apex ; below it are five veins from the discoidal cell ; 
 the two first branches of the median vein are united into a fork ; the 
 apical portion of the submedian, which is remote from the median vein, 
 is thickened. In the posterior wings are three subdorsal veins, the 
 third attenuated at the base ; the median vein is trifid ; the costal cell 
 perceptibly narrowed ; the apical vein is simple. 
 
 An extensive but very natural genus, of which we have no less 
 than thirty-seven British species, and many others are known on 
 the continent. The perfect insects of several species are extremely 
 retired in their habits, and keep themselves so well concealed that 
 they are rarely or never seen : some come out from their lurking- 
 places after dusk, and, crawling up the stems of the plants on 
 which they feed, may be seen by the aid of a lantern, but readily 
 take alarm and drop again to the ground ; a few, such as applana, 
 are less anxious for concealment, and may be met. with plentifully 
 
84 OELECIIID.F.. 
 
 in the early spring, flitting about the leafless hedges. Most of 
 the species appear at the end of summer, and, after having hyber- 
 natcd, are met with in March and April in rather wasted condi- 
 tion. There is a peculiarity in the perfect insects of this genus, 
 that they have the power of sliding about when laid on their 
 backs, shooting forwards much in the style oiNoctna Tragopogonis. 
 The larva: are extremely active, and feed on a variety of sub- 
 stances, sonic feeding in rolled-up leaves of composite plants, 
 some in the leaves and others in the umbels of the Umbcttiferm ; 
 many of the latter descend from the plant on the slightest agita- 
 tion of it, and considerable caution is necessary in the attempts to 
 collect them. The full-fed larvx descend to the ground, and 
 change to the pupa state among the fallen leaves ; the larva of 
 Ifcracliana frequently enters the stem of the Heraclium SpJiondy- 
 I'nnii, undergoing its changes there. 
 
 The extreme similarity of many of the species renders the deter- 
 nii nation of them a matter of some difficulty, and unfortunately 
 the genus hardly admits of a good subdivision ; the best 1 have 
 been able to accomplish is by the following table : — 
 a. Anterior wings dusted and spotted, or veined, but not with nume- 
 rous short longitudinal streaks. 
 
 b. Anterior wings whitish. Species 11. 
 
 b b. Anterior wings pale greyish-oehreous. Sp. 6, 12, 19, 20, 24. 
 
 b b b. Anterior wings ochrcous. Species 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 8, 9, 10. 
 
 b b b b. Anterior wings reddish-ochreous. Species 7, 17, 18. 
 
 bbb b b. Anterior wings reddish-fuscous. Species 21, 22, 23. 
 
 b b b b b b. Anterior wings purplish-fuscous. Sp. 13, 14, 15, 16. 
 a a. Anterior wings with numerous short longitudinal streaks. Species 
 
 25-37. 
 
 1. costosa, Haw. L. B. 508 (1812); Step.; Sta. — Spartiana, 
 Hiib. — depmictella, Hub. ; Treit. ; Hup. Alis anticis acutiusculis, dilute 
 ochreis, rufo-fusco nebulosis, punctis duobus disci ante medium nigris, 
 nebula pone medium fere costam tangente saturate fusca, in ea puncto 
 disci albo ; ciliis rufo-fuscis, angulum analem versus griseis. Exp. al. 
 10 lin. 
 
 Head and face pale ochrcous. Palpi pale ochreous ; second joint 
 beneath fuscous ; terminal joint with a narrow ring before the apex, 
 and the extreme apex fuscous. Antennae fuscous. Anterior wings 
 rather acute, pale ochreous, clouded with reddish-fuscous, with an ob- 
 lique dark fuscous streak near the base of the inner margin, not reach- 
 ing to the subcostal vein ; on the disc before the middle are two 
 black spots, of which the. anterior and upper one is frequently obsolete; 
 beyond the middle is a dark reddish-fuscous blotch, almost touching the 
 costa, and in it on the disc is a white spot ; the pale hinder fascia is 
 
DEPIIESSA1UA. 85 
 
 rather indistinct, and not acutely angulatcd ; the veins posteriorly are 
 more or less distinctly indicated by fuscous streaks ; cilia reddish-fus- 
 cous, towards the anal angle grey. Posterior wings whitish-grey, a 
 little darker posteriorly, with whitish cilia. 
 
 Common in July and August among broom and furze (TJlex 
 Europceus), on which plants the larva feeds in June. 
 
 2. liturella, W.V. 137.4 (1776); Schr. ; Treit. ; Dup. ; Sta.— 
 Sparrmanniana, Fab. ; Step. — -Jlavella, Hub. — -favosa. Haw. Alis anticis 
 latiusculis dilute ochreis, saturate ochreo-nebulosis, punctis duobus 
 disci nigris, stria saturate oclirea obliqua in dorso prope basira incipi- 
 ente, in nebulam parvam pone medium fuscam desiuente. Exp. al. 10 
 lin. 
 
 Head and face pale ochreous. Palpi pale ochreous ; second joint 
 beneath pale fuscous. Antenna; dark fuscous. Anterior wings rat/ier 
 broad, pale ochreous, with some darker ochreous clouds ; on the inner 
 margin near the base is a small dark fuscous spot ; on the disc are two 
 black spots, one before, the other beyond the middle ; beneath the 
 latter is a small fuscous blotch, in which a dark ochreous streak from the 
 inner margin near the base appears to terminate ; beyond is a pale fus- 
 cous oblique streak, often very indistinct ; hinder margin spotted with 
 fuscous ; cilia very pale ochreous. Posterior wings whitish-grey, with 
 some dark spots towards the apex of the hinder margin ; cilia whitish. 
 
 A common species, appearing in July and August ; the larva 
 feeds in rolled-up leaves of the knapweed {Centaurea nigra) in 
 June. 
 
 3. pallorella, Zell. Isis, 1839, p. 195; Sta. Alis anticis angus- 
 tulis dilute ochreis, punctis duobus disci nigris, stria lata fusca prope 
 dorsum ante medium incipiente, coslam versus subcurvata, pone 
 punctum secuudum desinente, venis postice saturate fuscis. Exp. al. 
 10 lin. 
 
 Head and face pale ochreous. Palpi pale ochreous ; second joint 
 beneath pale fuscous. Antenna; dark fuscous. Anterior wings ratlter 
 narrow, pale ochreous, with a black spot near the inner margin towards 
 the base ; on the disc are two black spots, one before, the other beyond 
 the middle ; a broad fuscous streak arises near the inner margin not far 
 from the base, and, curving a little upwards, terminates rather beyond 
 the second spot of the disc ; all the veins arc posteriorly indicated by 
 dark fuscous scales ; the hinder margin is spotted with black ; cilia very 
 pale ochreous. Posterior wings greyish-white, with a slight fuscous 
 tinge ; some spots towards the apex of the hinder margin rather darker ; 
 cdia whitish. 
 
 Taken in the autumn in several places on the coast ; at Dover 
 and the Isle of Wight. 
 
 4. Umbellana, Step. H. iv. 197 (1834).— Ulicelella, Sta. Alis 
 
8fi GELECHIDJE. 
 
 anticis dilute ochreis, punctis duobus disci nigris, vents omnibus dorsoque 
 saturate fuscis. Exp. nl. 10 lin. 
 
 Head and face pale oolireous. Palpi fuscous, internally pale ochre- 
 ous ; terminal joint pale oclireous, with the tip dark fuscous. Antenna; 
 fuscous. Anterior wings pale oclireous, with all the veins and the inner 
 margin dark fuscous ; on the disc are two black spots, one before, the 
 other, smaller, beyond the middle ; hinder margin spotted with black ; 
 cilia pale grcyish-ochreous. Posterior wings whitish-grey, a little 
 darker posteriorly, with some dark fuscous spots at the apex of the 
 hinder margin ; cilia whitish. 
 
 Not uncommon among furze-bushes from August to October. • 
 
 5. assimilella, Treit. E. S. ix. 1. 259 (]832); F. v. R. ; Dup. ; 
 Zell. ; Sta. — irrorella, Step. — atomella, Step. P Alis anticis dilute 
 ochreis, fusco-nebulosis, nebula dorsali propc basim saturate fusca, 
 puncto disci ante medium nigro, nebula fusca in medio obsoletius plicam 
 versus producta ; ciliis dilute ochreis. Exp. al. 9 lin. 
 
 Head pale oclireous. Face whitish. Palpi pale oclireous ; second 
 joint slightly fuscous beneath ; terminal joint with a dark fuscous ring 
 before the apex. Antenna; dark fuscous, Anterior wings pale oclire- 
 ous, clouded with fuscous, with a dark fuscous blotch on the inner mar- 
 gin near the base, hardly reaching across the fold ; a black spot on the 
 disc before the middle is followed by a fuscous blotch, of which a paler 
 continuation extends to the fold ; hinder margin spotted with dark fus- 
 cous ; cilia pale greyish-ochreous. Posterior wings whitish-grey, a little 
 darker posteriorly, with the apex of the hinder margin spotted with 
 dark fuscous ; cilia whitish. 
 
 Common among broom in June and July ; the larva; feed be- 
 tween united twigs of broom in March and April. 
 
 6. nanatella, Sta. Ent. Trans, v. 154. pi. 17. f. 2 (1849). Alis 
 anticis brcviusculis, albido-ochreis, fusco-irroraiis, postice fusco-suffusis, 
 puncto disci ante medium nigro, nebula fusca in medio, costain fere 
 tangente ; alis posticis griseo -fuscis. Exp. al. 7 lin. 
 
 Head and face whitish-ochreous. Palpi very pale ochreous ; terminal 
 joint spotted with fuscous below the apex. Antenna; pale fuscous. 
 Anterior wings rather short, whitish-ochreous, irrorated with fuscous ; 
 towards the apex much suffused with fuscous ; on the disc, a little be- 
 fore the middle, is a black spot ; beyond which, and almost touching 
 the costa, is a fuscous blotch ; the hinder margin and apex of the costa 
 are spotted with pale oclireous ; cilia pale grcyish-ochreous. Posterior 
 wings greyish-fuscous, with paler cilia. 
 
 Not common ; has occurred at Charlton, Mickleham, and near 
 Dover, in August. 
 
 7. atomella, W. V. 137. 6 (1776); Hiib.; Sta.— atomosa, Haw. 
 — pulverella, Treit. ; F. v. R. — respersella, Treit. — inlcrmedielta, Sta. 
 Alis anticis ochreis rufo-griseo fere sufl'usis, stria obliqua dorsali prope 
 
DEPBE98AR1A. 87 
 
 hasim saturate fusca, punctis duobus disci ante medium nigris, punctis 
 duobus disci pone medium albis obsolelis, sub nebula parva fusca. Exp. 
 al. 9} lin. 
 
 Head greyish-ochrcous. Face pale ochreous. Palpi reddish-grey, 
 internally pale ochreous ; terminal joint pale ochreous, with a ring at 
 the base, a ring before the apex, and the extreme apex dark fuscous. 
 Antennas pale fuscous. Anterior wings ochreous, somewhat suffused 
 with reddish-grey, toilh an oblique dark fuscous streak near the base of 
 the inner margin, reaching only half across the wing ; on the disc before 
 the middle are two black spots (the anterior nearer to the costa), followed 
 by a few white scales, and in a line with the lower one are two faint 
 white spots, above which is a small fuscous blotch; the pale hinder 
 fascia is not sharply angulated and very indistinct ; along the hinder 
 margin are some dark fuscous spots ; cilia greyish-ochrcous. Posterior 
 wings pale grey, with paler cilia. 
 
 Not common ; appears in August and September. The larva 
 feeds on broom and Genista tinctoria in May and June. 
 
 8. arenella, W. V. 137. 3 (1776); Treit. ; F. v. R.; Dup.; Sta. 
 — ffilvella, Hub. — gilvosa, Haw. — var. immacalana, Step. Alis anticis 
 dilute ochreis, saturate fusco macidatis el nebulosis, stria obliqua dorsali 
 prope basim saturate fusca, punctis duobus disci ante medium nigris, 
 nebula in medio, punctoquc postcriorc saturate fuscis. Exp. al. 10 lin. 
 
 Head ochreous. Face palo ochreous. Palpi ochreous, internally 
 paler ; terminal joint with a ring at the base, a ring before the apex, 
 and the extreme apex dark fuscous. Antenna; dark fuscous. Anterior 
 wings pale ochreous, spotted and clouded toilh dark fuscous ; on the 
 inner margin near the base is an oblique dark fuscous streak, reaching 
 nearly to the subcostal vein ; on the disc before the middle are two 
 black spots (the anterior nearer to the costa), followed by a dark fus- 
 cous blotch, beyond which and further from the costa is a dark fuscous 
 spot ; the indications of a pale hinder fascia are very indistinct ; the 
 costa is spotted with dark fuscous, and there are some black spots along 
 the hinder margin ; cilia palo ochreous. Posterior wings whitish-grey, 
 with some dark fuscous spots towards the apex of the hinder margin ; 
 cilia yellowish-white. 
 
 Common, appearing in August ; bybernated specimens are not 
 unfrequent in April. The larva feeds on Centaurea nigra in June 
 and July. 
 
 9. propinquella, Trait. E. S. x. 3. 184 (1835) ; F. v. R.; Sta. 
 — gilvosa var. /3. Haw. Alis anticis breviusculis, dilute ochreis, saturate 
 ochreo-marmoralis, stria obliqua dorsali prope basim saturate fusca, 
 punctis duobus disci ante medium nigris, nebula in medio saturate 
 
 fusca nigrave costam fere tangente. Exp. al. 8J- lin. 
 
 Head and face pale greyish-ochrcous. Palpi pale fuscous, inter- 
 nally pale ochreous ; terminal joint pale ochreous, with a fuscous ring at 
 the base and a dark fuscous ring before the apex. Antennse pale fus- 
 
00 GELECHIDE. 
 
 cous. Anterior wings rather short, pale ochreous, marbled with darker 
 ochreous ; near the base of the inner margin is an oblique dark fuscous 
 streak reaching nearly to the subcostal vein ; on the disc before the mid- 
 dle are two small black spots (the anterior nearer to the costa), beyond 
 is a dark fuscous, almost black blotch reaching nearly to the costa ; the 
 indications of a pale hinder fascia are extremely indistinct ; the costa 
 and hinder margin arc spotted with dark fuscous ; cilia pale greyish- 
 ochreous. Posterior wings pale grey, with pale yellowish -grey cilia. 
 
 Not uncommon ; appearing in September and October. The 
 larva feeds on the underside of the leaves of thistles (Cirsium lan- 
 ceolatum, etc.), making a gallery of silken web, in July and Au- 
 gust. 
 
 10. subpropinquella, Sta. Ent. Trans, v. 156. pi. 17. f. 3(1849). 
 — Hcraclielia, Pup. ? Alis anticis longiusculis brunneo-ochreis, stria ob- 
 liqua dorsali prope hasimfere obsoleta fusca, punctis duobus disci ante 
 medium nigris, nebula fusca in medio, puncto fusco interdum obsolcto 
 pone medium. Exp. al. 10 lin. 
 
 Head greyish-ochreous. Face pale greyish-ochreous. Palpi pale 
 fuscous, internally pale ochreous ; terminal joint pale ochreous, with a 
 ring at the base, a ring before the apex, and the extreme apex dark 
 fuscous. Antenna; fuscous. Anterior wings brownish-ochreous, with 
 an almost obsolete fuscous oblique streak on the inner margin near the 
 base ; on the disc before the middle are two black spots ; the anterior 
 nearer the costa and beyond is a fuscous {rarely dark fuscous) blotch, 
 beyond which and further from the costa is a fuscous spot, sometimes 
 obsolete ; the hinder margin is spotted with dark fuscous ; cilia grey- 
 ish-ochreous. Posterior wings pale fuscous, towards the base paler ; 
 cilia pale yellowish-grey. 
 
 Common near Folkestone, in September ; also occurs at Epping; 
 and last summer Mr. Shield, of Dublin, bred a specimen from a 
 larva which fed (like that of projnnquella) on the underside of the 
 leaves of thistles in June, producing the perfect insect in August. 
 
 11. Alstrcemeriana, Clerck, I. pi. x. f. 1 (1759) ; Linn. (S. N.); 
 Step. — Alstruntdana, Linn. (P. S.) ; Fab. — Alstrcemeri, Haw. — Alslrce- 
 merella, Treit. ; Dup. — mouilella, W. V. — -paella, lliib. — albidel/a, 
 Evers. Alis anticis albis, dilute griseo-ochreo irroratis, macula dorsali 
 prope basim dilute fusca, punctis duobus parvis disci ante medium ni- 
 gris, nebula in medio saturate fusca costani tangente, in maculam satu- 
 rate rufam ierminala. Exp. al. 8 lin. 
 
 Head and face white. Palpi pale grey, internally white ; terminal 
 joint with a ring at the base, a ring before the apex, and the extreme 
 apex fuscous. Antenna? dark fuscous. Anterior wings while, irroraled 
 with pale greyish-ochreous ; on the inner margin near the base is an ob- 
 lique pale fuscous blotch reaching nearly to the subcostal vein ; on tfic 
 disc before the middle are two small black spots (of which the anterior 
 
DEPRES8AR] A. 
 
 is nearer to the costa) ; beyond is a dark fuscous blotch touching the 
 costa, and terminating in a dark red spot ; the indications of a pale 
 hinder fascia arc extremely Blight ; along the costa are some short dark 
 fuscous streaks, and at the apex of the hinder margin are a few black 
 spots; cilia pale greyish-ochreous. Posterior wings pale grey, towards 
 the apex rather darker, with whitish-grey cilia. 
 
 Not a common species; appears in August, and hybernated 
 specimens sometimes occur in April. Mr. Harding discovered 
 the larva last summer, feeding in the umbels of hemlock {Conium 
 7naculatum) . 
 
 12. cimflonella, Lienig et Zell. Isis, 184G. p. 280; Sta. Alis 
 anticis rufo-griseis, albido-irroralis, basi eostaque usque ad medium albis, 
 stria dorsali prope basim saturate fusca, punctis duobus disci stupe con- 
 nexis nigris, posteriore et inferiorc elonyato, singulis dtiatius abbrevialis 
 disci pone medium nigris, srepe in maculam connexis. Exp. al. !)A lin. 
 
 Head and face white, mixed with reddish-grey. Palpi fuscous, in- 
 ternally whitish ; terminal joint whitish, with a fuscous ring at the 
 base, and a broad black one before the apex. Antenna? fuscous. An- 
 terior wings reddish-grey, irrorated with whitish, with the base and the 
 costa to near the middle while ; on the inner margin near the base is a 
 dark fuscous streak reaching to the fold; on the disc before the middle 
 arc two black spots frequently connected, the lower and posterior one is 
 rather elongated; on the disc beyond the middle are two short black 
 streaks, frequently united into a blotch; at the extremity of the lower 
 one is a white spot; the whitish hinder fascia is not sharply angulated; 
 the costa is spotted with fuscous, the hinder margin with dark fuscous; 
 cilia reddish-grey. Posterior wings grey, with paler cilia. 
 
 This elegant species lias been met with by Mr. Weaver, at 
 Rannoch, on the trunks of lir-trees. 
 
 13. purpurea, Haw. L. B. 511 (1812); Step. — vaccinella, Hub.; 
 Treit. ; Du'p. Alis anticis rufo-fuscis, basi nbrupte, maculisque coslali- 
 tius tuteo-griseis, punctis duobus disci ante medium nigris, nebula magna 
 in medio saturate fusca costam tangente. Exp. al. 8 lin. 
 
 Head yeLl*tvish-grey, mixed with dark fuscous. Pace pale yellow- 
 ish-grey. Palpi greyish-fuscous, internally whitish ; terminal joint 
 whitish, with two rings and the extreme lip dark fuscous. Antenna' 
 dark fuscous. Anterior wings reddish -fuscous, irrorated with pale yel- 
 lowish-grey along the costa; the base is almost entirely pale yellowish- 
 grey, abruptly terminated by an oblique streak from the inner margin 
 extending to the subcostal vein ; on the disc before the middle are two 
 black spots (the anterior nearer the costa), they are followed by some 
 white scales ; beyond them is a large dark fuscous blotch touching the 
 costa, after which is a small white spot on the disc surrounded with 
 dark fuscous; the pale hinder fascia is very indistinct, and rather 
 acutely angulated ; cilia reddish-fuscous. Posterior wings pale fuscous, 
 whitish towards the base, with paler cilia. 
 
 VOL. III. , N 
 
'.Ill GELECHID.'E. 
 
 Not rare, but nowhere abundant ; widely distributed, appear- 
 ing in August j hybernated specimens not uncommon in April. 
 
 14. capreolella, Zcll. Isis, 1839. p. 196.— caprella, Sta.—Zepky- 
 rella, Hub.? Alis anticis griseo-ochreis, dorsum versus rufo-suffusis, 
 basi dilutiore, pimctis duobus disci ante medium nigris, dttobus longi- 
 tudiualiter posilis pone medium albis. Exp. al. 7 lin. 
 
 Head pale greyish-ochreous, with some fuscous scales. Face pale 
 greyish-oclireous. Palpi pale fuscous, internally pale ochrcous ; ter- 
 minal joint pale ochreous, with a fuscous ring at the base and another 
 before the apex. Antenna; fuscous. Anterior wings greyish-ochreous, 
 along the inner margin with a slight reddish tint ; on the inner margin 
 near the pale greyish-ochreous base is an oblique fuscous streak reach- 
 ing to the subcostal vein ; on the disc before the middle are two black 
 spots (of which the anterior is nearer the costa), they are followed by 
 some white scales, and beyond in a line with the lower one are two 
 whitish spots surrounded by some dark fuscous scales ; the pale hinder 
 fascia is very indistinct and not acutely angulated ; the hinder margin 
 spotted with dark fuscous; cilia greyish-fuscous. Posterior wings 
 greyish-fuscous, towards the base paler, with greyish-white cilia. 
 
 Few specimens of this have hitherto been taken ; most of those 
 have been beaten out of old thatch in September. 
 
 15. Hypericella, Hiib. Tin. 441 (1816); Treit. ; Dup. ; Sta.— 
 liturella, Hiib.? Step. ?— liturosa, Haw.? Alis anticis rufo-fuscis, 
 cmruleo-nigro (pra;cipue costam versus) suffusis (basi sajpc lutea), stria 
 curvata disci ante medium nigra, maculis duabus costa dilute luteis ; 
 thorace, capillis, palpisquefavidis. Exp. al. 9 lin. 
 
 Head and face pale yellow, intermixed with brownish. Palpi pale 
 yellow, with a few fuscous scales ; the terminal joint with a black ring 
 immediately before the apex. Antenna; dark fuscous. Anterior wings 
 red, with a slight fuscous tinge, suffused with bluish-black, especially 
 towards the costa ; the extreme base and the basal portion of the costa 
 is frequently pale yellow ; on the disc before the middle is a curved 
 black streak, followed by a few pale yellow scales ; above it is a pale 
 yellow blotch on the costa, and beyond the middle of the edsta is another 
 pale yellow blotch, which forms, as it were, the commencement of a 
 pale angulated hinder fascia; the hinder margin dark fuscous; the 
 apex of the costa dark fuscous, spotted with pale yellow ; cilia dark 
 greyish-fuscous. Posterior wings grey, a little paler towards the base, 
 with paler cilia. 
 
 The perfect insect is rarely seen. The larva is common, feeding 
 in the tops of Hypericum perforatum, in May and June. 
 
 16. conterminella, Zcll. Isis, 1839. p. 196 ; Sta.— curvipuuclosa, 
 Haw. ? Step. ? Alis anticis rufo-fuscis, dilute luleo-griseo irroratis (basi 
 sa;pe dilute luteo-grisea), punctis duobus disci ante medium in striam 
 curvatam connexis, squamis dilute luteo-griseis sequcntibus, puncto 
 
DEPAESSARIA. 91 
 
 disci pone medium dilute lutco-grisco, nigro-cincto ; thorace, capillis, 
 palpisqne interdum dilute luteo-griseis. Exp. al. 9 lin. 
 
 Head and face pale yellowish-grey, mixed with dark fuscous. Palm 
 reddish-fuscous, internally pale yellowish ; terminal joint with a dark 
 fuscous ring before the pale yellowish apex. Antennas fuscous. An- 
 terior wings reddish-fuscous, irroraled with pale yellowish-grey ; the 
 pale yellowish-grey base contains a small dark fuscous spot on the 
 inner margin ; on the disc before the middle are two black spots united 
 into a curved streak, they arc followed by some pale yellowish-grey 
 scales, and beyond the middle on the disc is a yellowish-grey spot en- 
 circled with black ; the pale hinder fascia is rather obtusely angulated 
 and somewhat indistinct ; the hinder margin and apex of the eosta 
 spotted with dark fuscous ; cilia greyish-fuscous. Posterior wings 
 whitish-grey, darker towards the apex, with paler cilia. 
 
 Occurs occasionally among sallows in July and August. The 
 larva plentiful iu the terminal shoots of sallows and osiers in May 
 and June. 
 
 17. Angelicella, Hiib. Tin. 337 (1816); Treit. ; Zell.j Sta.— 
 rttbidella, l)up. Alis anticis dilute luteis, rnfo-suff'usis, puncto disci ante 
 medium, puncto posteriore plica; nigris, nebula nigra disci pone medium; 
 palporum ai'ticulo tertio immaculalo flavido. Exp. al. 8^ lin. 
 
 Head and face pale yellow. Palpi pale yellow, mixed with fuscous; 
 li/mi mil joint entirely pale yellow. Antennas fuscous. Anterior wings 
 pale yellow, suffused with reddish, with a dark fuscous spot at the base 
 of the costa, a reddish-fuscous streak from the inner margin reaching 
 nearly to the costa, bordering the pale yellow base of the wing ; on 
 the disc before the middle is a black spot, and a little posterior is 
 another on the fold ; beyond the middle is a black blotch on the disc 
 (which sometimes appears as though placed in an oblique cloudy fascia) ; 
 the hinder margin and apex of the costa arc spotted with dark fuscous ; 
 cilia pale reddish-yellow. Posterior wings whitish-grey, with paler 
 cilia. 
 
 Not uncommon in the fens of Cambridgeshire, and near Bristol, 
 among Angelica sylvestris; the perfect insect appears in July, the 
 larva feeding on the Angelica in June (I am credibly informed 
 that the larva feeds also on sallow). 
 
 18. Carduella, Hiib. Tin. 439 (1816); Step.— rttbidella, Hiib.? 
 Alis anticis dilute rufo-ochreis, fusco-irroralis, punctis duobus disci aute 
 medium nigris, duobus aliis pone medium minus approximatis (ante- 
 riorc fere obsolete). Exp. al. 7i lin. 
 
 Head pale reddish-ochreous. Face pale ochreous. Palpi pale rcd- 
 dish-ochreous, internally pale ochreous ; terminal joint pale ochreous, 
 with a ring at the base, a ring before the apex, and the extreme apex 
 fuscous. Antenna; fuscous. Anterior wings pale reddish-ochreous, with 
 numerous scattered fuscous scales ; from the inner margin near the base 
 is an oblique dark fuscous streak reaching only half across the wing ; 
 
92 GELECIIIDJE. 
 
 on the disc before the middle arc two black spots (of which the an- 
 terior is nearer the costa) ; beyond the middle are two more remote, of 
 which the anterior is rather obsolete ; a pale hinder fascia is hardly in- 
 dicated at all ; the hinder margin spotted with dark fuscous ; cilia pale 
 greyish-ochreous. Posterior wings whitish-grey, with paler cilia. 
 
 A scarce species, hitherto only taken singly in various localities 
 in the south, in July and August. 
 
 19. ocellana, Fab. S. E. 652. 40 (1775); Step.—characterella, 
 W. V.; Treit. ; Dup. ; Sta. — signdla, lliib. — signosa, Haw. Alis 
 anticis dilutissime griseo-ochrcis, squamis sparsis fuscis, punctis duo- 
 bus disci ante medium saturate fuscis, macula fusca in medio infra coc- 
 cineo-squamato, puncto postcriorc albo coccineo-cincto. Exp. al. 10-11 
 lin. 
 
 Head and face pale greyish-ochreous. Palpi pale greyish-ochreous, 
 internally pale ochreous ; terminal joint pale ochrcous, with a ring at 
 the base, a ring before the apex, and the apex itself fuscous. Antenna) 
 fuscous. Anterior wings very pale greyish-ochreous, with numerous 
 fuscous scales, with a reddish-fuscous cloud on the inner margin near 
 the base, extending rather obliquely towards the subcostal vein ; on 
 the disc before the middle are two dark fuscous spots (of which the 
 anterior is nearer the costa, and the posterior is rather elongated) ; in 
 a line with the upper spot is a fuscous blotch, below which are some crim- 
 son scales, which also encircle a white spot beyond, and nearly in a line 
 with the lower of the first two spots ; the pale angulated hiuder fascia 
 is rather indistinct ; the hinder margin and costa are spotted with dark 
 fuscous ; cilia pale greyish-ochreous, with a slight reddish tinge. Pos- 
 terior wings whitish, with paler cilia. 
 
 Not unfrequent among sallows in the spring. The perfect in- 
 sect appears in August, but is then rarely met with. The larva 
 feeds on sallows in July. 
 
 20. Yeatiana, Fab. S. 1. ii. 286. 60 (1781); Sta.— Yeatsii, Haw. 
 Yealsana, Step.— putridella, Haw. ; Step. ; W. V. ? Hub. ?—Boieella, 
 Freyer. — albidana, Hon.? — adspa-sella, Treit.? Alis anticis dilute griseo- 
 ochreis, punctis duobus disci ante medium nigris, macula fusca in medio 
 costam versus, puncto postcriorc albo fusco-cincto (veuis omnibus iuter- 
 dumfuscesccntibus). Exp. al. 9^- lin. 
 
 Head pale greyish-ochreous. Face pale ochreous. Palpi pale ochre- 
 ous ; second joint externally pale fuscous ; terminal joint with a ring 
 at the base, a ring before the apex, and the apex itself fuscous. An- 
 tenna; fuscous. Anterior wings pale greyish-ochreous, with a dark fus- 
 cous streak from the inner margin near the base, extending obliquely 
 nearly to the subcostal vein ; on the disc before the middle are two 
 black spots (the anterior nearer the costa) ; they are closely followed 
 by a fuscous blotch, beyond which and nearly in a line with the lower 
 of the first two spots is a white spot surrounded by fuscous ; hinder 
 margin spotted with dark fuscous (in some specimens all l/ie veins are 
 
DEPRESS AKI A. 93 
 
 indicated by fuscous streaks) ; cilia pale greyish-ochrcous. Posterior 
 wings pale grey, towards the base whitish, with paler cilia. 
 
 Taken in many places near London in the autumn, by beating 
 thatch. 
 
 21. applana, Fab. G. I. 294 (1776); Haw.; Step.; Sta.— ap- 
 planella, Fab. (E. S. Sup.) ; F. v. R. — Cerefolii, Betz. — Cicutella, Hub.; 
 Treit. ; Dup. Alis anticis rufo-fuscis, fusco-nebulosis, punctis duobus 
 disci ante medium nigris, squamis sequenlibus albis, punctis duobus in 
 cadem linea cum puncto inferiore albis, saturate fusco-cinctis ; ciliis ala- 
 rum posticarum albido-griseis, apicibus non riifo-linctis. Exp. al. 10 lin. 
 
 Head and face greyish-oehreous, mixed with fuscous. Palpi fuscous, 
 internally pale greyish-oehreous ; terminal joint pale ochreous, with a 
 ring at the base, a ring before the apex, and the extreme apex dark 
 fuscous. Antennas fuscous, more than two-thirds the length of the 
 anterior wings. Anterior wings redd kit-fuscous, clouded with fuscous ; 
 the blotch near the base of the inner margin is sharply defined towards 
 the pale greyish-oehreous base of the wing, but less sharply defined to- 
 wards the subcostal vein, where it terminates ; on the disc before the 
 middle are two black spots (of which the anterior is nearer the costa) ; 
 they are generally followed by a fern while scales, and beyond, in a line 
 with the lower one, are two white spots, surrounded by some dark fus- 
 cous scales ; the pale hinder fascia is indistinct and obtusely angulated ; 
 the costa and hinder margin are spotted with dark fuscous ; cilia red- 
 dish-fuscous. Posterior wings pale grey, paler towards the base ; cilia 
 whitish-grey, with the tips not rufous. 
 
 A most abundant species, flitting merrily along the leafless 
 hedges in the early spring. The perfect insect appears in July, 
 and during the autumn is frequently met with by those beating 
 thatch for the rarer species of the genus, but is rarely seen on the 
 wing of its own accord. The larva feeds in June on the leaves 
 of Anthnseus sylveslris, Cherophjllum temulentwm, and several 
 other Umbel I'ifera, turning over a small portion of the leaf; it is 
 extremely active. 
 
 22. ciliella, Sta. Ent. Trans, v. 161. pi. 17. f. 7 (1849). Alis 
 anticis dilute rufo-brunneis, punctis duobus disci ante medium nigris, 
 squamis sequenlibus albis, punctis duobus in cadem linea cum puncto 
 inferiore albis, saturate fusco-cinctis ; ciliis alarum posticarum albido- 
 griseis, apicibus riifo-tinctis. Exp. al. 11 lin. 
 
 Head and face reddish-brown. Palpi reddish-brown, internally pale 
 ochreous ; terminal joint dirty ochreous, with a ring at the base, a ring- 
 before the apex, and the apex itself dark fuscous. Antenna; fuscous. 
 Anterior wings pale reddish-brown, with a darker blotch on the inner 
 margin near the base, reaching to the subcostal vein (the space between 
 it and the base being frequently paler than the rest of the wing) ; on 
 the disc before the middle are two black spots (the anterior nearer the 
 
94 OELECHIDJE. 
 
 costa) ; they are follotoed by some white scales, and beyond, in a line 
 with the lower one, are two white spots surrounded by some dark fus- 
 cous scales ; the pale hinder fascia is indistinct and obtusely angulated ; 
 the costa and hinder margin are spotted with fuscous ; cilia reddish- 
 fuscous. Posterior wings pale greyish-fuscous, paler towards the base ; 
 the cilia paler, with the tips tinged with rufous. 
 
 Not common ; sometimes obtained by beating old thatch in the 
 autumn. The larva feeds (according to Mr. Allen Hill) in July, 
 on the leaves and umbels of Angelica sglvestris. 
 
 23. granulosella, n. sp. Alis anticis griseo-ochreis, fusco-nebulo- 
 sis, punctis duobus disci ante medium nigris, inferiore puullnlum elon- 
 gate, puncto pone medium subobsoleto albo. Exp. al. 8 lin. 
 
 Head greyish-ochreous. Face pale ochreous. Palpi pale fuscous, in- 
 ternally pale ochreous ; terminal joint pale ochreous, with a ring at the 
 base, a ring before the apex, and the extreme apex dark fuscous. An- 
 tennae fuscous, little more than half the length of the anterior wings. 
 Anterior wings greyish-ochreous, clouded wilhfuscous, with a dark fuscous 
 blotch on the inner margin near the base, sharply defined towards the 
 base, less so at the subcostal vein, where it terminates ; on the disc 
 before the middle are two black spots obliquely placed, the lower and 
 posterior one is ratlier elongated ; in a line with it, beyond the middle, 
 is an almost obsolete white spot ; indications of a pale hinder fascia 
 are not perceptible ; costa spotted with dark fuscous, hinder margin 
 with a few fuscous spots ; cilia pale greyish-ochreous. Posterior wings 
 pale grey, with whitish-grey cilia. 
 
 Taken at Deal, in September. 
 
 24. rotundella, Dougl. Zool. 1270. f. 8 (1846).— peloritanella, 
 Zell. Alis anticis angustulis dilute griseo-ochreis, puncto prope basim 
 dorsum versus, puncto disci ante medium, punctoquc (dorso propiore) 
 disci pone medium saturate fuscis. Exp. al. 7i lin. 
 
 Head and face pale greyish-ochreous. Palpi dirty ochreous, internally 
 whitish ; terminal joint pale ochreous, with a ring at the base, and an- 
 other before the apex, pale fuscous. Antenna; pale fuscous. Anterior 
 wings rather narrow, pale greyish-ochreous, with a spot towards the 
 inner margin near the base, a spot on the disc before the middle, and 
 another (rather nearer the inner margin) beyond the middle dark fus- 
 cous ; at the apex of the hinder margin arc a few dark fuscous spots ; 
 cilia pale greyish-ochreous. Posterior wings pale grey, towards the 
 base whitish, with paler cilia. 
 
 Taken in September at Micklcham, Sanderstead, and near Eolk- 
 stone; also near Dover, and in the Isle of Wight. Mr. Harding 
 has bred a specimen (I believe) of this species, from a larva feed- 
 ing on the flowers of Echium vulgare. 
 
 25. depressella, "Hub. Tin. 407 (1816); Dup.— depressana, Zell. ; 
 Sta. ; Pub.? — Bluntii, Curt. ; Step. — collurella, Zctt. Alis anticis fusco- 
 
DEPRESSARIA. • 95 
 
 rufis, dorsum versus saturatioribus, squamis sparsis dilute luleis, macula 
 dorsali pone medium, fasciaque postica angulatn (infra plicam obsoleta 
 costara versus vix indicata) dilute luleis. Exp. al. 7 Lin. 
 
 Head and face pale yellow. Palpi dirty yellow, internally whitish ; 
 terminal joint pale yellow, with a ring at the base and another before 
 the apex, fuscous. Antenna; reddish-fuscous. Anterior wings reddish- 
 fuscous, darker towards the inner margin, toith some scattered pale yel- 
 low scales, and beyond the middle of the inner margin is a large pale yel- 
 lowish spot, followed by a pale yellowish angulatcd fascia, of which that 
 portion only from the middle of the disc to the fold is distinct (of the 
 costal half especially only a few scales arc present) ; cilia pale reddish- 
 grey. Posterior wings pale fuscous, with paler cilia. 
 
 Few British specimens have yet been taken. Mr. Blunt met 
 with it at Southchurch, Essex, in July, and Mr. Douglas took it 
 at Folkstone in October. The larva feeds on the seeds of the 
 carrot and parsnep in July and August. 
 
 26. Pimpinelke, Zell. Isis, 1839. p. 196; Sta. — Pimpiuella, 
 Pup. — pulverella, Evers. — characterosa, Haw.? Step.? Alis anticis 
 angustulis fuscescentibns, costam versus rufescentibm, squamis sparsis al- 
 bidis, striolis numerosis disci saturate fuscis, quorum una ante, altera 
 pone medium conspicuce. Exp. al. 8-8.} lin. 
 
 Head and face reddish-fuscous. Palpi reddish-fuscous, internally 
 pale ochrcous ; terminal joint reddish or pale fuscous, with a ring- at 
 the base and another before the pale ochreous apex, dark fuscous. 
 Antenna: dark fuscous. Anterior wings rather narrow, rather pale fus- 
 cous, towards the costa reddish, with several scattered white scales ; to- 
 wards the inner margin near the base is a dark fuscous dash ; on the 
 disc arc numerous short dark fuscous streaks, of which one before and 
 one beyond the middle are conspicuous ; the pale hinder fascia is very 
 indistinct and rather sharply angulated ; the hinder margin and apex 
 of the costa arc spotted with dark fuscous ; cilia reddish-fuscous. Pos- 
 terior wings greyish-fuscous, towards the base whitish, with pale grey- 
 ish-fuscous cilia. 
 
 Not a common species ; taken near Stoat's Nest by Mr. Bedell, 
 by beating old thatch, in September. The larva feeds in July 
 and August on Pimpinella saxifraga. 
 
 27. albipunctella, Hub. Tin. 149 (1801) ; Treit. ; Step.; Dup.; 
 Zell.; Sta. — albipuncta, Haw. Alis anticis fusco-rufis, saturatiusfusco- 
 nebidosis, stria obliqua abbreviala disci ante medium saturate fusca,puncto 
 disci pone medium albo, fascia postica dilutiore angulata, inter nebulas 
 fuscas posita. Exp. al. 8£ lin. 
 
 Head and face dark reddish-fuscous. Palpi dark reddish-fuscous, 
 internally whitish ; terminal joint entirely dark fuscous, except the 
 pale ochreous apex. Anterior wings reddish -fuscous, clouded with dark 
 fuscous, especially towards the base (whereby the ordinary dark spot 
 
96 CF.LECIIID.E. 
 
 on the costa, and larger dark spot towards the inner margin near the 
 base, arc almost lost in the dark ground-colour) ; on Ike disc before the 
 middle is a short oblique dark fuscous streak, and beyond the middle is a 
 while spot on the disc, closely followed by the pale, not acutely angu- 
 lated fascia, which is placed between two fuscous clouds ; the hinder 
 margin and apex of the costa are spotted with dark fuscous ; cilia 
 greyish-fuscous. Posterior wings pale grey, towards the apex inclining 
 to fuscous, with paler cilia. 
 
 Not a scarce species ; formerly I used to take it, at sugar, in 
 July and August. 
 
 28. emeritella (v. Heyd.), Sta. Ent. Trans, v. 167 (1849). Alis 
 anticis fusco-rufis, basim versus saturatioribus, squamis sparsis albidis, 
 puncto elonyalo ante, puncto rotundo disci pone medium albidis, spatio 
 interjecto saturate fusco, fascia postica pallida acute angulata, infra pli- 
 cani valde obsoleta ; thorace ac capite dilute luleis. Exp. al. 1 1 lin. 
 
 Head and face pale yellow, with a slight reddish tinge. Palpi red- 
 dish-fuscous ; internally and the tip of the terminal joint pale yellowish. 
 Antennae dark fuscous. Anterior wings reddish-fuscous, towards the. 
 base darker (whereby the dark spot at the base of the costa and the 
 dark dash towards the inner margin near the base are almost oblite- 
 rated), with numerous whitish scales ; on the disc before the middle is 
 an elongated whitish spot, and beyond the middle is a round whitish spot, 
 the space between them being dark fuscous; the pale hinder fascia 
 formed of whitish scales, begins on the costa rather before the middle, 
 is rather sharply angulated and becomes very indistinct below the fold; 
 cilia pale reddish-grey. Posterior wings whitish-grey, with paler cilia, 
 with a slight reddish tint. 
 
 A specimen of this conspicuous species, unique as British, is in 
 Mr. Shepherd's collection. The perfect insect appears in August. 
 The larva feeding on the tansy {Tanacetum vulgare) in July. 
 
 29. pulcherrimella, Sta. Ent. Trans, v. 164. pi. 17. f. 8 (1849). 
 Alis anticis fusco-rufis, squamis numerosis albidis, striolis multis disci 
 saturate fuscis, quorum, una obliqua disci ante medium cum squamis se- 
 quentibue albidis conspicua, punclo albido pone striata alteram pone me- 
 dium, fascia postica pallida acute angulata; thorace ac capite dilute rufo- 
 griseis. Exp. al. 8^ lin. 
 
 Head and face pale reddish-grey. Palpi reddish-fuscous, internally 
 whitish ; terminal joint fuscous, with a ring at the base and another 
 before the pale ochrcous apex, dark fuscous. Antenna; dark fuscous. 
 Anterior wings reddish-fuscous, with numerous whitish scales; a small 
 spot at the base of the costa and a dash towards the inner margin near 
 the base dark fuscous ; on the disc are several short dark fuscous 
 streaks, of which an oblique one before the middle, followed by some 
 whitish scales, is conspicuous ; beyond a fuscous streak on the disc be- 
 yond the middle is a small whitish spot; the pale hinder fascia is 
 
DEPRESSAUIA. 97 
 
 whitish and rather acutely angulated ; tbe binder margin and apex of 
 the eosta are spotted with dark fuscous; cilia reddish-grey. Pos- 
 terior wings grey, paler towards the base; cilia pale grey, with a 
 slight reddish tinge. 
 
 Occurs sparingly at Sandcrstead and Micklcham in July. 
 
 80. Douglasella, Sta. Ent. Trans, v. 165 (1849). Alis anticis 
 griseo-fuscis, squamis sparsis albidis, striolis numcrosis saturate fuscis, 
 ijuarum una obliqua disci ante medium magi* con&pieua, squamis albis 
 sequentibus, punctilio albido pone striata saturate ftiscam, disci pone 
 medium, fascia postica albida obtuse angulata, ad costam in macu- 
 lam saturate fuscara exeuute; thorace ac capile albis. Exp. al. S! 
 lin. 
 
 Head and face while. Palpi fuscous, internally pale ochrcous ; ter- 
 minal joint fuscous, with a dark fuscous ring at the base and another 
 before the pale ochrcous apex. Antcnme dark fuscous. Anterior wings 
 greyish-fuscous, with scattered whitish scales, witli a small dark fuscous 
 spot at the base of the costa, and a dark fuscous dash towards the 
 inner margin near the base ; on the disc arc numerous short dark fus- 
 cous streaks, of which an oblique one before the middle is conspicuous, 
 being followed hy some whitish scales, and beyond another dark fuscous 
 streak, on the disc beyond the middle, is a small whitish spot ; the whitish 
 hinder fascia is almost obtusely angulated, and terminates in a dark 
 fuscous blotch on the costa ; the hinder margin and apex of the costa 
 are spotted with dark fuscous ; cilia greyish-fuscous. Posterior wings 
 grey, towards the apex somewhat fuscous, with paler cilia. 
 
 A scarce species, appearing in July and August; it has been 
 taken at Micklcham, Eolkstone, Dover, and the Isle of Wight. 
 
 31. Weirella, Sta. Ent. Trans, v. 165. pi. 17. f. 5 (1849).— apiosa, 
 TIaw.? Alis anticis fusco-ru/is, saturalius fuseo-nebulosis , squamis spar- 
 sis albidis, stria ante, puncto pone disci medium, squamis albidis notato 
 ■sal urate fuscis, fascia postica acute angulata obsolete; alis posticis al- 
 bidis, apicem versus fuscescentibus. Exp. al. 9.Y lin. 
 
 Head and face greyish-fuscous. Palpi dark reddish-fuscous, inter- 
 nally pale ochrcous; terminal joint paler, with a dark fuscous ring be- 
 fore the pale ochrcous apex. Antenna; dark fuscous. Anterior wings 
 reddish-fuscous, clouded with darker fuscous, and with scattered whitish 
 scales ; on the disc b(fore the middle is a dark fuscous streak, followed 
 beyond the middle by a dark fuscous spot, in which are some whitish 
 scales; the hinder fascia is indistinct and hardly acutely angulated; 
 the hinder margin and apex of the costa are spotted with dark fuscous; 
 cilia pale fuscous, varied with darker fuscous. Posterior wings whitish 
 at the base, towards the apex pale fuscous, with paler cilia. 
 
 The perfect insect appears in July, but is hardly ever seen; a 
 few specimens have been obtained by beating thatch in the au- 
 tumn. The larva (which I have found abundantly) feeds on An- 
 
 VOL. III. o 
 
98 OELECHIDJE. 
 
 thrisais sylvestris in May and June, curling down a piece of (he 
 leaf; it closely resembles the larva of D. applana. 
 
 32. Chrerophylli, Zell. Isis, 1839. p. 196; Sta.— Heracleatia, 
 Fab. (E. S. iii. 2).—badia, Haw.? Alis anticis griseo-fuscis, macula 
 oblonga codec basali rufo-fttsca, stviolis numerosis nigris, squamis albidis 
 intermixtis, fascia postica pallida acute angulata. Exp. al. 9^ lin. 
 
 Head and face dark greyish-fuscous. Palpi dark fuscous ; the second 
 joint internally and at the tip pale ochreous ; terminal joint dark fus- 
 cous, with the tip pale ochreous. Antenna; dark fuscous. Anterior 
 wings greyish-fuscous, with the extreme base of the costa and an ob- 
 lique dash from the base to the inner margin dark fuscous ; towards 
 the base of the costa is a large reddish-fuscous blotch ; along the disc 
 are numerous short black streaks interspersed with whitish scales, and 
 beyond the middle is a pale acutely angulated fascia, of which the 
 costal arm reaches nearly to the middle of the wing ; the hinder margin 
 and apex of the costa arc spotted with dark fuscous ; cilia pale fuscous. 
 Posterior wings pale greyish-fuscous, with paler cilia. 
 
 Not an uncommon species, appearing in August. The larva, 
 which is extremely lively, feeds in July, iu the umbels of Charo- 
 i>hyllum temulentum, devouring indifferently the flowers or seeds. 
 
 33. ultimella, Sta. Ent. Trans, v. 166. pi. 17. f . 6 (1849). Alis 
 anticis griseo-fuscis, dilute rufo-linctis, striolis numerosis saturate fuscis, 
 puncto elongato ante, puncto pone disci medium, saturate fuscis, squa- 
 mis nonnullis albidis interjectis, fascia postica pallida acute angulata, fere 
 obsoleta. Exp. al. 9 lin. 
 
 Head and face greyish-ochreous. Palpi fuscous, internally pale ochre- 
 ous; the terminal joint with the base and a ring before the pale ochreous 
 apex, dark fuscous. Antennce fuscous. Anterior wings greyish-fuscous, 
 with a reddish Huge, with numerous longitudinal dark fuscous streaks ; 
 at the base of the costa is a dark fuscous spot, and another larger to- 
 wards the inner margin near the base ; on the disc before the middle 
 is an elongated dark spot, and a shorter dark spot follows it beyond 
 the middle, between these spots arc some whitish scales ; the pale hinder 
 fascia is acutely angulated, but rather indistinct ; the hinder margin 
 and apex of the costa are spotted with dark fuscous ; cilia greyish- 
 fuscous. Posterior wings pale whitish-grey, posteriorly inclining to 
 fuscous, with paler cilia. 
 
 Appears in September, when the species may sometimes be met 
 with by beating old thatch ; occurs at Lewes and l'Yilkstone. 
 
 34. nervosa, Haw. L. P. HOG (1812); Step.; Sta.— Daucella, 
 W. V. ? Treit. ? Zell. t—apielta, Hub. P — apicella, Step. ? Alis anticis 
 griseo-fuscis, dilute rufescvule-tinctis, striis numerosis saturate fuscis, 
 punctis duobus disci, altcro ante, altera post medium saturate fuscis 
 albido-ciuclis, fascia postica pallida valde angulata, apice suo ad aim 
 apicem accedeule. Exp. al. 10-11 lin. 
 
DEPRESSA1UA. 99 
 
 Head and face greyish-fuscous. Palpi dark fuscous, internally pale 
 greyish-ochreous ; terminal joint rather paler, with the base and a ring 
 before the pale ochreous apex, dark fuscous. Antennae fuscous. An- 
 terior wings greyish-fuscous, loith a very slight reddish tinge, with nu- 
 merous longitudinal fuscous streaks ; the base of the costa and a small 
 spot near the inner margin, towards the base, are dark fuscous ; on the 
 disc are two dark fuscous spots (one before, the other beyond the mid- 
 dle), surrounded by some whitish scales ; the pale hinder fascia is ex- 
 tremely angulated, and Us apex approximates towards the apex of the 
 wing ; the hinder margin and apcxrof the costa are spotted with dark 
 fuscous; cilia greyish-fuscous. Posterior wings pale grey, with paler cilia. 
 
 Many specimens have been obtained in various parts of the 
 country in September, by beating old thatch. The larva feeds 
 (according to Mr. Allen Hill) in July in the umbels of Cicuta 
 virosa. (//"the continental Daucella be identical, the larva also 
 feeds on PheUandrium aquaticum, changing to the pupa state 
 within the stem of that plant.) 
 
 35. badiella, Hub. Tin. 92 (1801); Treit.;, ZeU. ; Sta.; Step.? 
 Alis anticis latiusculis saturate fusco-brunneis, striis numerosis saturate 
 fuscis, punctis duobus disci, altero ante, altera pone medium saturate 
 fuscis, squamis albidis inlerjectis, fascia pallida postica angulata obsoleta. 
 Exp. al. 11 lin. 
 
 Head and face greyish-fuscous. Palpi dark fuscous, internally pale 
 greyish-ochreous ; terminal joint paler, with the base, and a ring before 
 the pale ochreous apex, dark fuscous. Anterior wings rather broad, 
 dark fuscous-broion, with some obscure darker longitudinal streaks; to- 
 wards the inner margin near the base is a large dark fuscous blotch ; 
 on the disc is a dark fuscous spot before the middle, and another be- 
 yond the middle, generally accompanied with some whitish scales j a pale 
 angulated hinder fascia is indistinctly indicated by some whitish scales; 
 the hinder margin and apex of the costa are spotted with dark fuscous ; 
 cilia pale fuscous.. Posterior wings grey, with greyish-fuscous cilia. 
 
 A variety occurs of which the brush beneath the second joint of the 
 palpi is bright ochreous. 
 
 Occurs at Sanderstead and Stoat's Nest among the juniper- 
 bushes in August. 
 
 36. Pastinacella, Dup. L. F. xi. 153. pi. 291. f. 4 (1838); Sta. 
 Alis anticis anguslulis dilute griseo-fuscis, punctis tribus ante medium 
 saturate fuscis, punctis duobus disci, altero in medio, altero pone medium 
 saturate fuscis, spatio interjecto diltdiore, fascia postica pallida obsoleta 
 angulata. Exp. al. \\\ lin. 
 
 I hail and face pale greyish-ochreous. Palpi pale greyish-ochreous; 
 terminal joint with the base, and a ring before the pale yellowish apex, 
 dark fuscous. Antenna! fuscous. Anterior wings rather narroio, pale 
 greyish-fuscous, with a dark fuscous spot at the base of the costa, and a 
 
100 OELECIIIDdi. 
 
 (Inrk fuscous blotch near the inner margin towards the base ; before the 
 middle are three dark fuscous spots (one on the fold, one above it on the 
 disc, and one rather anterior a little towards the costa) ; in a line with 
 the middle one are two other dark fuscous spots on the disc, the space 
 between which is generally paler than the ground-colour of the wing ; 
 beyond is the pale rather indistinct angulated fascia ; the hinder mar- 
 gin and apex of the costa are spotted with fuscous ; cilia pale greyish- 
 ochreous. Posterior wings whitish-grey, posteriorly fuscescent, with 
 very pale greyish-ochreous cilia. 
 
 Not common ; occurs at Mickleliam and Eolkstone, in Septem- 
 ber. 
 
 37. Heracliana, DeGeer, ii. 1. 407 (1771) ; Step. — Ileracleana, 
 ZeU. j Sta. ; Linn.? — Ileraclei, Retz. ; Haw.- — nmbellana, Fab. ? Alis 
 antieis latiusculis grisco-ochreis, striis numcrosis fuscis, punctis tribus 
 disci (primo ante, secundo et tertio post medium) saluralioribus albido- 
 cinctia, fascia postica pallida angulata. Exp. al. 12-13 lin. 
 
 Head and face greyish-ochreous. Palpi fuscous, internally pale 
 oehreous; terminal joint with a dark fuscous ring before the pale yel- 
 lowish apex. Antenna: greyish-ochreous, with fuscous annulations. 
 Anterior wings rather broad, greyish-ochreous, with numerous short 
 fuscous longitudinal streaks ; at the base of the costa is a fuscous spot, 
 and a fuscous dash lies near the inner margin towards the base ; on the 
 disc arc three darker spots (one before, the others beyond the middle), 
 surrounded by some whitish scales; the pale hinder fascia is rather 
 acutely angulated ; the hinder margin and apex of the costa are spotted 
 with dark fuscous ; cilia pale greyish-ochreous, varied with fuscous. 
 Posterior wings pale grey, with paler cilia. 
 
 Generally distributed throughout the country; appearing in 
 August and September, but hybernated specimens are more fre- 
 quently met with in April. The larva feeds on the leaves and in 
 the umbels of Ileracleum Sphondylium, changing to the pupa 
 cither on the ground or within the stem of that plant. 
 
 Genus VII. PSORICOPTERA. 
 
 Psoricopteba, n. g. Gelechia p., Zell. 
 
 Capilli depressi. Ocelli nulli. Antennae articulis coufertis. Haustel- 
 lum mediocre, squamatum. Palpi maxillares brevissimi. Palpi la- 
 biales mediocres, rcllexi, articulo secundo infra scopiformi, tertio 
 Icnui, acuto, supra squamis projicientibus. Ala; anteriores elongatre, 
 tuberculala:, mediocriter ciliata; ; posteriores trapezoidales, margine 
 postico ante unguium analem leviter sinuato, ante apicem leviter 
 emarginato, longius ciliatce. 
 
GELECHIA. 101 
 
 Head smooth. Ocelli none. Antennae with the joints thickly set. 
 Tongue of moderate length, clothed with scales. Maxillary palpi very 
 short. Labial palpi moderately long, reflexed ; the second joint be- 
 neath resembling a brush ; the terminal joint thin and pointed, above 
 with projecting scales. Abdomen rather depressed. Anterior wings 
 elongate, with raised tufts of scales ; the cilia moderately long. Pos- 
 terior wings trapezoidal, the hinder margin slightly sinuated before 
 the anal angle, and slightly emarginate below the apex, with longer 
 cilia. 
 
 Only one species is at present known in this genus. 
 
 1. gibbosella, Zcll. Isis, 1839. p. 202.— Zephjrella, Step.P Alis 
 anticis griseo-marmoratis, costam versus dilutioribus, ipsa basi dorsi 
 albida, striga obliqua juxta basim nigra, macula oblonga costae medte 
 fusca, fascia postica angulata albida obsoleta, maculis tribus scabris 
 supra plicam fuscis. Exp. al. 8 lin. 
 
 Head and face greyish-fuscous. Palpi yellowish ; terminal joint fus- 
 cous, except the apex. Antennne fuscous, with paler ambulations. An- 
 terior wings marbled-grey, with the extreme base of the inner margin 
 whitish, and an oblique black streak very near the base (as in many of 
 the Depressaria) ; the costal half of the wing is generally paler, but 
 there is a conspicuous fuscous blotch on the costa about the middle ; 
 the pale anguhiled fascia is rather indistinct ; along the fold are three 
 fuscous tufts of elevated scales ; cilia greyish-fuscous. Posterior wings 
 fuscous, paler at the base, with greyish-fuscous cilia. 
 
 Not common; has occurred in Hainault forest in July. The 
 larva (according to Lienig) feeds in June, on sallows, turning 
 down a corner of a leaf. 
 
 Genus VIII. GELECHIA. 
 
 Gelechia p., Zell. Isis, 1839, p. 197. Recurvaria p., Haw. Anacamp- 
 sis p., Curt, lltcmylis p., Lita p., et (Ecophora p., Treit. Auacamp- 
 sis p., Acompsia, ct Marpagiis, Step. Anacumpsis, Acompsia, et Lita, 
 Hup. Mesophleps p., Acompsia p., Nothris p., Scylhropia p., Gele- 
 chia, Brachmia p., et Chionodes p., Hub. 
 
 Capilli deprossi. Ocelli nulli. Antenna; artieulis confertis. Ilaustcl- 
 lum mediocre, squamatum. Palpi maxillares brevissimi. Palpi la- 
 bialcs medioercs vol longi, rcflexi, artieulo secundo infra vix scopi- 
 formi (interdum tevi), tertio tcnui, tmvi, acuto. Ate antcriores ob- 
 longa' vel elongate, mediocriter ciliatrc ; posteriores trape:oidales, 
 ante apicem leviter vel multo emarginala. Ate anteriorcs : vena api- 
 calis furcata ante apicem exit, infra earn vena; quinquc (rarius vena 
 apicalis trilida ante ct infra apicem exit, infra cam vciuc quatuor) ; 
 posteriores : vena apicalis furcata supra et infra apicem exit, infra 
 
102 GELECIIIDJ;. 
 
 earn vena unica, c venula transversa (vel vena apicalis simplex in 
 
 apicera exit, infra cam vena; dua; c venula transversa) ; vena mediana 
 
 trifida. 
 
 Head smooth. Ocelli none. Antenna; with the joints thickly set. 
 Tongue of moderate length, clothed with scales. Maxillary palpi very 
 short. Labial palpi moderately long, or long, reftcxed ; the second 
 joint beneath slightly broader, with nppressed scales, hardly resembling 
 a brush, sometimes quite smooth (G. naviferella) ; the third joint slen- 
 der, smooth and pointed. Anterior wings oblong or elongate, with 
 moderately long cilia ; the posterior wings trapezoidal, slightly or deeply 
 emarginale 6elow the apex. In the anterior wings the furcate apical vein 
 terminates in the costn before the apex ; below it are five veins from 
 the discoidal cell ; more rarely (67. leucatella, bifractella, etc.) the apical 
 vein is trifid, the third branch running into the hinder margin below 
 the apex, and below it are only four veins from the discoidal cell. In 
 the posterior wings the apical vein is furcate, terminating above and 
 below the apex ; below it is only one vein from the transverse vein ; or 
 else (coslella, tricolorella, etc.) the apical vein is simple, and below it 
 are two veins from the transverse vein ; the median vein is trifid. 
 
 A genus of great extent, and comprising a great diversity of 
 species, but which unfortunately we cannot subdivide into other 
 genera. In this country we have no less than ninety-five species, 
 and probably as many more are known on the continent. 
 
 As might bo expected, there is considerable diversity in the 
 habitats of the species ; some frequenting steins of trees, other 
 taking shelter in the grass. All the species are extremely active 
 in the perfect state, and their flights are only for a short distance 
 at a time; when they settle, they frequently immediately seek a 
 place of concealment, whereby the collector is often baulked in 
 his pursuit of some rarity. The habits of the larva3 are extremely 
 varied : that of 67. Popnlella rolls up the leaves of the poplar and 
 sallow much like a Tortrix-laxva ; that of G. ru/escens twists up 
 grass-leaves, bleaching them by eating them half through ; that of 
 G. Malvetta feeds in the seeds of the hollyhock, proceeding re- 
 gularly through the circular row of seeds, much to the annoyance 
 of the horticulturist ; that of G. mulinella enters the unopened 
 flower-buds of the furze and broom, and devours the incipient 
 fructification of the flower, after having eaten which it proceeds to 
 the next flower and repeats the process ; that of G. diffmis, which 
 is extremely active, feeds near the root of the dwarf sorrel [Rumex 
 Acctosella); that of G. aeuminatella mines in the leaves of the 
 thistle ; that of G. notatella burrows in the woolly substance on 
 the underside of the leaves of the sallow ; that of G. scriptella 
 turns down a piece of maple-leaf, fastens it in its position by se- 
 veral silken cables, and eats the leaf half through; that of G.fra- 
 
CELECHIA. 103 
 
 ternella, a fat sluggish larva, feeds in the young shoots of Stel- 
 larla nlir/inosa, which, from the presence of the larva, assume a 
 peculiar knobbed and contorted appearance; that of G. hifraclella 
 feeds in the seeds of the Conyza squarrosa, which it by some means 
 unites together, forming a firm, almost impenetrable substance, 
 within which it is completely sheltered from all the vicissitudes of 
 the weather; that of G. Cerealella (according to Reaumur) feeds 
 in the interior of grains of barley and wheat, entering the grain 
 immediately it is hatched, and remaining within till it has un- 
 dergone its transformations, and only coming out in the per- 
 fect state ; that of G. mbocellea (in other respects the most aber- 
 rant species of the genus) feeds on the flowers of the marjoram 
 (Oriijanum vulgare), of which it constructs a case, thereby re- 
 sembling the Coleop/iora. The species that feed in buds and 
 shoots are of course mostly in the larva state in spring and the 
 beginning of summer, those that feed in or on leaves are met 
 with in summer and autumn, and those that feed on seeds do so 
 in the autumn and winter. The perfect insects arc successively 
 to be met with from April to October, and several species arc 
 known to hybernatc. 
 
 It is not easy to tabulate the species of this genus ; the best I 
 have been able to accomplish is as follows : — 
 
 a. Anterior wings not rounded at the apex. 
 
 b. Anterior wings unicolorous. Species 1, 2. 
 b b. Anterior wings with spots. Species 3, 4. 
 
 a a. Anterior wings rounded at the apex. 
 
 c. Posterior wings broader than the anterior wings. Species 5-69. 
 
 c c. Posterior wings as narrow as, or narrower than the anterior 
 wings. 
 
 d. Anterior wings with no sharp markings in the cilia. 
 <?. Anterior wings without markings. Species 70, 71. 
 e e. Anterior wings vvitli a single white fascia. Species 72-74. 
 e e e. Anterior wings with one or more dark spots on the disc. 
 
 Species 75-89. 
 e e e e. Anterior wings with oblique silvery streaks from the 
 
 costa. Species 90-92. 
 e e e e e. Anterior wings with longitudinal dark streaks (like a 
 Coleophora). Species 93, 94. 
 d d. Anterior wings with sharp markings in the apical cilia. 
 Species 95. 
 
 1. cinerella, Linn. P. S. 1445 (1761); Pab. ; Treit. ; Step.; 
 Dup. J Hub.? — einerea, Haw. — ardeliella, Hub. Alis anticis nitidis 
 luleo-cinereis immaeulatis. Exp. al. 8-9 lin. 
 
 Head and face yellowish-grey. Palpi yellowish-grey, internally paler. 
 
104 GEMSOHIDJE. 
 
 Antenna? fuscous. Anterior wings shining, yellowish-grey, witltout any 
 markings ; cilia rather paler. Posterior wings pale grey, with greyish- 
 fuscous cilia. 
 
 Appears in June and July, in bushy places of mixed growth ; 
 not uncommon. 
 
 2. rufescens, Haw. L. B. 555 (1829); Step.; Cmt—tinclella, 
 Step. — diaphauella, Lienig. — Isabella, Zell. Alis anticis rufo-ochreis, 
 venis vix dilutioribus, puncto fuscescente obsolcto disci pone medium. 
 Exp. al. 8 lin. 
 
 Head and face reddish-ochreous. Palpi reddish-oehreous, internally 
 pale ochreous. Antennae pale ochrcous, annulated with pale fuscous. 
 Anterior wings reddish-ochreous, with all the veins slightly paler, and 
 some faint indication of a fuscous spot on the disc beyond the middle ; 
 cilia pale ochreous. Posterior wings whitish-grey, with whitish-ochre- 
 ous cilia. 
 
 Not uncommon in June and July in grassy banks, but very re- 
 tired in its habits. The larva is abundant in April and May in 
 rolled grass-leaves, and is probably identical with that figured by 
 Fischer as the larva of G. terrella. 
 
 3. inornatella, Dougl. Ent. Trans, i. n. s. 65 (1850). Alis an- 
 ticis dilute griseo-ochreis, punctis tribus nigris (uno plica;, altero disci 
 posleriore ante medium, tcrtio disci pone medium), nebula fusca costac 
 pone medium, inaculis oppositis obsoletis dilutioribus margincm posti- 
 cum versus. Exp. al. Ci lin. 
 
 Plead and face pale greyish-ochrcous. Palpi pale greyish-ochreous, 
 internally rather paler ; terminal joint with a fuscous ring before the 
 apex. Antenna? greyish-ochreous, annulated with fuscous. Anterior 
 wings pale greyish-ochreous, with three black spots (one on the fold, 
 one rather posterior to it on the disc, both before the middle, and one on 
 the disc beyond the middle) ; above the latter is a slight fuscous cloud 
 on the costa ; very near the hinder margin are two pale opposite spots, 
 which nearly form a straight fascia, attenuated in the middle, imme- 
 diately beyond are a few black scales ; the hinder margin is spotted 
 with dark fuscous, and in the apex of the wing is a slight fuscous 
 cloud; cilia pale yellowish. Posterior wings pale grey, with paler 
 cilia. 
 
 Not uncommon in the Cambridgeshire fens in June. 
 
 4. gerronella, Zell. Ent. Ztg. 1850. p. 155; Dougl. Alis an- 
 ticis ochraceis fusco-nebulosis, proecipue costam et margincm posticum 
 versus, fascia indislincla obliqua fusca pone medium, fascia angulata 
 dilutiore in nebnlam posticam, punctis tribus (primo plica? ante medium, 
 secundo disci in medio, tertio disci pone medium) nigris. Exp. al. 5-6 
 lin. 
 
 Head and face ochreous. Palpi pale ochrcous ; terminal joint with 
 a fuscous ring before the apex. Antenna! ochreous, annulated with 
 
OELKCHIA. 105 
 
 fuscous. Anterior wings ochreous, clouded with fuscous, especially to- 
 wards the costa and hinder margin ; an oblique rather indistinct fuscous 
 fascia goes from Ilia middle of the casta to the anal angle ; near the hinder 
 margin is an indistinct pale angulated fascia ; on the disc are three black 
 spots (one on the fold before the middle, one on the disc in the middle, 
 and the third on the disc at the commencement of the oblique fuscous 
 fascia) ; cilia ochreous. Posterior wings grey, with paler cilia. 
 
 Occurs at Dartford Heath and West Wickham, among fern, in 
 July. 
 
 5. vilella, Zell. Isis, 1847. p. 845; Dougl. — subcinerea, Haw.? 
 Step? Alis antieis angustulis dilute griseo-ochreis, squarais numerosis 
 fuscis, prcecipue apicem versus, puncto basali costa, puueto prope dorsum 
 jnxla basim, puncto minorc basali plica;, nigris, punctk duobut dilutis 
 disci, in quibus squamae nonnullee fuscse. Exp. al. 9$ liu. 
 
 Head and face pale ochreous. Palpi pale ochreous, internally whitish; 
 terminal joint pale ochreous, with a dark fuscous ring before the apex. 
 Antennas fuscescent, darker at the base. Anterior wings rather narrow, 
 pale greyish-ochreous, with numerous fuscous scales, especially towards 
 the apex, with a black spot at the base of the costa, and one near the inner 
 margin close to the base; at the base of the fold are a few black scales ; 
 on the disc are two pale spots (one before, the other beyond the mid- 
 dle), in the centre of each are a few fuscous scales, giving them an 
 annulatcd appearance; cilia pale ochreous. Posterior wings whitish- 
 grey, with greyish-ochreous cilia. 
 
 This occurs in company with the Depressarire, which it some- 
 what resembles, in old thatch at Eolkstonc in September ; also in 
 the Isle of Wight. I have a specimen taken at Lewisham in June; 
 hence the species is probably double-brooded. 
 
 6. basalis, Dougl. n. s. — llippophai'.lla, Schr. ? Alis antieis dilute 
 griseo-ochreis, macula oblonga costa basali nigra, punctis tribus (uno 
 plica', altero majorc disci ante, tertio obsolcto disci pone medium) ni- 
 gris, fascia pallida angulata pone medium. Exp. al. 8 lin. 
 
 Head and face greyish-ochreous. Palpi greyish-ochreous ; terminal 
 joint with two faint fuscous rings, one at the base, the other below the 
 apex. Antenna; greyish-ochreous. Anterior wings pate greyish-ochre- 
 ous, with an oblong black spot at the base of the costa ; near the base of 
 the inner margin is a minute black spot; a small black spot lies on the 
 fold, and a larger one beyond it on the disc before the middle; an al- 
 most obsolete black spot lies on the disc beyond the middle ; beyond 
 this is a faintly indicated, pale, angulated fascia ; on the hinder margin 
 arc a few black spots ; cilia greyish-ochreous. Posterior wings pale 
 greyish-fuscous, with pale ochreous cilia. 
 
 Taken at Deal in September. 
 
 7. Malvella, Hub. Tin. 281 (LSI 2); P. v. It. pi. 46; Dup. ; 
 Zell. ; Dougl. — Listen, Haw. ? — Listerella, Step. ? Alis antieis dilute 
 
 VOL. III. 1' 
 
100 Glil.F.CIIlD/E. 
 
 brunneo-ochreis, apiccm versus fusco-snffusis, punctis ti'ibus (primo 
 plica;, secundo posteriore disci ante medium, tertio disci pone medium) 
 fuscis, fascia pone medium fusca ad costam el dorsum saturatiore, postiee 
 in medio producta, faseiaquc postica angulata pallida. Exp. al. 9 tin. 
 
 Head and face pale oclireous. Palpi pale ochreous, internally whitish. 
 Antenna; fuscous, annulated with ochreous. Anterior wings pale brown- 
 ish-ochreous ; before the middle are two fuscous spots, one on the fold, 
 the other posterior on the disc ; beyond the middle is another fuscous 
 spot on the disc ; it is followed by a fuscous fascia, which is most distinct 
 on the costa and inner margin, in the middle it is a little produced pos- 
 teriorly ; beyond it is a pale augnlatcd fascia of the ground-colour, the 
 apical portion of the wing being suffused with fuscous ; the hinder 
 margin and apex of the costa arc alternately fuscous and pale oclireous ; 
 cilia pale greyish-ochreous, intersected by a fuscous line. Posterior 
 wings pale grey, witli greyish-ochreous cilia. 
 
 A common species in gardens, frequenting hollyhocks in June 
 and July. The larva feeds in the seeds of the hollyhock in Sep- 
 tember and October; when full-fed descending to the earth, in 
 which it constructs a cocoon, and remains unchanged throughout 
 the winter. 
 
 8. Populella, Linn. F. S. 1442 (1761) ; Fab. ; Treit. ; Step. ; 
 Dup. ; F. v. It. pi. 76. pi. 77. f. l.—Fopuli, Haw.—lremella, W. V — 
 blaltariella, Hub. — Jnniperella, Step. — Tremulella, Hup. Alis anticis 
 cinereis, dorsum versus fusco-suffusis, fusco-maculutis, fascia postica diluta 
 angulata, costam versus dentata. Exp. al. 8 lin. 
 
 Head greyish-fuscous. Face paler. Palpi greyish-fuscous, internally 
 pale ochreous. Antennae whitish, annulated with dark fuscous. An- 
 terior wings greyish-fuscous, clouded with fuscous along the inner mar- 
 gin, and with several dark fuscous spots (of which one at the base of the 
 costa, one above the fold not far from the base, one on the fold, and 
 one posterior to it on the disc before the middle, and one on the disc 
 beyond the middle, which is frequently followed by two others, one 
 rather towards the costa, and the other a little above the fold) ; beyond 
 the middle, is a pale angulated fascia, which is indented below the sub- 
 costal vein ; beyond it is a fuscous cloud j the hinder margin and apex 
 of the costa are spotted with black ; cilia pale greyish-fuscous. Pos- 
 terior wings greyish-fuscous, with paler cilia. 
 
 Extremely variable in the colour and intensity of the markings of 
 the anterior wings. In one variety (of not unfrcqucnt occurrence) the 
 anterior wings arc almost entirely Suffused with dark fuscous, leaving 
 only the costa of the pale ground-colour, and the hinder fascia, remaining 
 of the usual colour, is remarkably conspicuous. 
 
 Abundant among poplars and sallows, resting on the trunks, 
 or on palings in the vicinity; the perfect insect appears at the 
 end of June, and keeps out a long while. The larva feeds at the 
 end of May and beginning of June, in rollcd-up leaves of poplar, 
 sallow, and birch. 
 
OELECHIA. 107 
 
 9. nigra, Haw. L. B. 550 (1829); Dougl.— rusticella, Step.— 
 cautella, Zcll. ; l)up. Alis anticis saturate fuscis, albido-squaumlis, slriis 
 tribus hi medio nigris, fascia poslica valde obsoleta, sipiamis albidis coin- 
 posita. Exp. al. 7i fin. 
 
 Head dark fuscous. Pace whitish. Palpi dark fuscous, internally 
 whitish ; terminal joint whitish, with two broad fuscous ring's. An- 
 tenna) fuscous. Anterior wings dark fuscous, with some obscure darker 
 markings, and loith numerous whitish scales; the most distinct of the 
 dark markings are three elongate black spots in the middle (one on the 
 fold, one on the disc, and one towards the costa) ; beyond the middle 
 the whitish scales form an indistinct angulated fascia ; cilia greyish- 
 white. Posterior wings pale grey, with greyish-fuscous cilia. 
 
 Not uncommon in June and -Inly on the stems of the white 
 poplar trees at Wanstead ; it is difficult to secure, as on the ap- 
 proach of the collector it flies away. 
 
 10. temerella, Lienig, Isis, 1846. p. 284. — pernigrella, Dougl. 
 Alis anticis nigris, punctis tribus atria obsoletis, fascia poslica nebulosa 
 atra. Exp. al. 5£ lin. 
 
 Head black. Pace dark fuscous. Palpi grey, internally whitisli ; 
 terminal joint externally dark fuscous. Antenna) dark fuscous. An- 
 terior wings black, with three rather indistinct deep black spots (one on 
 the fold, one posterior to it on the disc before the middle, and one on 
 the disc beyond the middle) ; beyond the middle is a deep black cloudy 
 fascia ; and on the hinder margin and apex of the costa are some deep 
 black spots ; cilia blackish. Posterior wings dark greyish-fuscous, with 
 paler cilia. 
 
 Hitherto found only in Lancashire and Cheshire, where it is 
 not unfrequent among sallows in July. The larva feeds in the 
 terminal shoots of the sallows in June. 
 
 11. lentiginosella (Tischer), Zcll. Isis, 1839. p. 198; P. v. K, 
 pi. 80. f. 3 ; Dougl. — obscure/la, Hub. ? Treit. ? Alis anticis saturate 
 brunneo-fuscis, punctis tribus (uno plicae, altero posteriore disci ante 
 medium, tertio disci pone medium) nigris rufescente-cinctis, maculis pos- 
 ticis oppositis dilute rufescentibus, costali distinction. Exp. al. 7a lin. 
 
 Head and face dark fuscous. Palpi dark fuscous, internally pale 
 ochrcous. Antenna? fuscous. Anterior wings dark brownish-fuscous, 
 with three black spots (one on the fold, a second posterior to it on the 
 disc before the middle, the third on the disc beyond the middle), each 
 surrounded by reddish-ochreous ; beyond the middle are two small pale 
 reddish-ochrcous opposite spots, of which that on the costa is the more 
 distinct ; cilia pale fuscous. Posterior wings pale grey, with pale grey- 
 ish-fuscous cilia. 
 
 The perfect insect lias very rarely been met with ; it appears in 
 July and August among Genista liuctoria, and has occurred near 
 Bristol, Epping, and Tuubridgc Wells. The larva feeds in May 
 
108 OELECII1D*. 
 
 and June on the Genista tinctoria, drawing together the terminal 
 shoots. 
 
 12. velocella (Tischer), Dup. L. F. xi. 287. pi. 297. f. 3 (1838); 
 P. v. R. pi. 77. f. 4 ; Zell. ; Dougl. — subsequella, Trcit. Alis anticis 
 saturate fuscis, punctis tribus (uno plicae, altera posteriore disci ante, 
 tertio disci pone medium) saturate fuscis, subscabris, maculis posticis 
 oppositis albidis, costali distinctiore introrsnm spectante. Exp. al. 7a 
 lin. 
 
 Head and face dark fuscous. Palpi dark fuscous, internally pale 
 yellowish. Antenna; dark fuscous. Anterior wings dark fuscous, with 
 three dark fuscous spots (one on the fold, one posterior to it on the 
 disc before the middle, and one on the disc beyond the middle), slightly 
 raised; beyond arc two whitish ill-defined opposite spots, that on the 
 costa being the more distinct, and with its apex pointing rather inwards ; 
 along the hinder margin are some dark fuscous scales ; cilia pale fus- 
 cous. Posterior wings grey, with greyish-fuscous cilia. 
 
 Appears at the end of April and beginning of May, and again 
 in August; frequent on Barnes Common, Hying freely in the hot 
 sunshine in the middle of the clay. 
 
 13. fumatella, Dougl. Ent. Trans, i. n. s. 67 (1850). Alis anti- 
 cis griseo-fuscis, apicem versus saturate fuscis, puncto elongato plica;, 
 punclo posteriore disci ante, puncto disci pone medium nigris, squamis 
 prcecedenlibm ae sequent i/ms albidis, maculis posticis oppositis, fere fas- 
 eiam rix angulatam fonnantibus, subochraceis. Exp. al. 7 lin. 
 
 Head greyish-fuscous. Pace pale grcyish-ochreous. Palpi fuscous, 
 internally pale ochreous ; terminal joint pale ochrcous, with the base 
 and ;i ring before the apex dark fuscous. Antenna; fuscous. Anterior 
 wings greyish-fuscous, posteriorly much suffused with dark fuscous, with 
 three black spots, one on the fold, rather elongated, one on the disc pos- 
 terior to it before the middle, and the third on the disc beyond the 
 middle; these spots are preceded and followed by some whitish scales; 
 the two pale dingy ochreous opposite spots almost form, a slightly angit- 
 lated fascia ; the hinder margin and apex of the costa are varied with 
 black and whitish ; cilia greyish-fuscous. Posterior wings grey, with 
 greyish-fuscous cilia. 
 
 A scarce species, hitherto only met with among the sand-hills 
 of the Cheshire coast, and at Dawlish Warren. 
 
 14. ericetella, Hub. Tin. 470 (1829).— Betulea, Haw.; Step.— 
 galUnella, Trcit. ; Dup. ; Zell. — lanceolella, Step. Alis anticis fuscis, 
 punctis quatuor saturate fuscis, nigrisve, ante et post squamas albas 
 (primo supra plicam basim versus, secundo plica;, tertio disci ante, 
 quarto disci pone medium). Exp. al. 7-j- lin. 
 
 Head and face dark fuscous. Palpi dark fuscous, internally whitish. 
 Antenna; dark fuscous. Anterior wings fuscous, with four dark fuscous 
 or Muck spots, each preceded and followed by some whitish scales ; the 
 
fiELECHIA. 109 
 
 first is above the fold not far from the base, the second on the fold, the 
 third on the disc is larger and before the middle, the fourth is on the 
 disc beyond the middle ; the hinder margin and apex of the costa are 
 spotted with black, with a few whitish scales ; cilia fuscous, with a 
 central darker line. Posterior wings pale grey, with pale greyish-fus- 
 cous cilia. 
 
 Abundant among heather in May, June, and July, in most parts 
 of the country. 
 
 15. mulinella (Tischer), Zell. Isis, 1839. p. 199; Dough— inter- 
 rupla, Haw. — Merruptella, Step. ? Alis anticis griseo-ochreis, stria ba- 
 sali propc costam, stria lutiuscula plica pone medium desinente, stria disci 
 ante medium incipiente, usque ad apicem prodiicta, saturate fuscis. Exp. 
 al. 6 J lin. 
 
 Head and face greyish-ochreous. Palpi pale ochreous; terminal 
 joint slightly spotted with fuscous. Antenna; fuscous. Anterior wings 
 greyish-ochreous, with a dark fuscous streak at the base near the costa, 
 and the costa clouded with fuscous (narrowly at first, but broader be- 
 yond the middle) ; a rather broad dark fuscous streak runs along the 
 fold to beyond the middle, it is connected with a dark fuscous streak on 
 the disc beginning before the middle and running to the apex; in the 
 kilter is an appearance of a darker fuscous spot beyond the middle; 
 the apical portion of the wing is much suffused with fuscous ; the 
 binder margin and apex of the costa arc spotted with dark fuscous ; 
 cilia greyish-ochreous, varied with fuscous. Posterior wings pale grey, 
 with greyish-ochreous cilia. 
 
 Very common among broom and furze in July and August. 
 The larva feeds in April and May in the flowers of those plants. 
 
 lfi. divisella, Dougl. Ent. Trans, i. n. s. 60 (1850). Alis anticis 
 costam versus dilute ochreis, dorsum versus dilute fuscis, divisione coloris 
 fere lineam rectum ex basi usque ad apicem formanle, ipsa costa pone 
 medium breviter fusca, puncto plica; ante medium, alteroque disci pone 
 medium saturate fuscis. Exp. al. 7i lin. 
 
 Head, face, and palpi pale ochreous. Antenna; pale ochreous, annu- 
 latcd with pale fuscous. Anterior wings pale ochreous towards the costa, 
 pale fuscous towards the inner margin, the division of the colour forming 
 nearly a straight line from the middle of the base to the apex of the wing; 
 on the costa beyond the middle is a short fuscous line ; a dark fuscous 
 spot lies on the fold before the middle, and another on the disc beyond 
 the middle, and there arc frequently a few dark scales on the subcostal 
 vein near the base ; cilia ochreous. Posterior wings pale grey, with 
 greyish-ochreous cilia. 
 
 Not common ; occurs in June in the Cambridgeshire fens. 
 
 17. palustrella, Dougl. Ent. Trans, i. n. s. proc. 14 (1850). 
 Alis anticis dilute griseo-ochreis, veuis fere omnibus saturate fuscis, pos- 
 tice interdum in maculain saturate fuscam contluentibus, puncto clon- 
 
110 GELEOHID^!. 
 
 gato disci in medio, punctoque rotundo pone medium nigris. Exp. 
 al. 8£ lin. 
 
 Head and face pale greyish-ochreous. Palpi fuscous, internally pale 
 greyish-ochrcous ; terminal joint pale greyish-ochreous, with a fuscous 
 ring before the apex. Antenna? dark fuscous. Anterior wings pale 
 greyish-ochreous, with nearly all the veins indicated by dark fuscous 
 streaks, those below the apex of the wing most strongly marked and 
 sometimes confluent, forming a dark fuscous blotch ; on the disc in 
 the middle is an elongate black spot, and beyond the middle is a nearly 
 round black spot ; cilia pale greyish-ochreous, tinged with fuscous. 
 Posterior wings pale grey, with pale fuscous cilia. 
 
 But few specimens have yet occurred, aud all those in the 
 Cambridgeshire fens in July. 
 
 18. sororculella, Hub. Tin. 440 (1816); Treit. ; Frey; Zell. ; 
 Dougl. Alis anticis griseo-fuscis, dorsum versus sa:pe dilutioribus, 
 puncto nigro elongalo plica: ante medium, tinea longitudinali disci nigra, 
 ocello albido ante, punctoque albido post medium interrupts, fascia postica 
 angulata, vix indentata, cinerea. Exp. al. 7 lin. 
 
 Head and face greyish-fuscous. Palpi dark fuscous, internally pale 
 ochrcous. Antenna? dark fuscous. Anterior wings greyish-fuscous, 
 with the inner margin usually paler, with an elongate black spot on the 
 fold before the middle, a longitudinal black line on the disc interrupted 
 before the middle by a whilish ocellus, and beyond the middle by a whitish 
 spot; the hinder fascia is somewhat cinereous, angulatcd and slightly 
 indented ; the hinder margin and apex of the costa are spotted with 
 dark fuscous and whitish ; cilia greyish-fuscous. Posterior wings pale 
 greyish-fuscous, with paler cilia. 
 
 Not rare among sallows in July. The larva, which is more 
 easily met with, feeds in the shoots of the sallow in May and 
 June. 
 
 19. cuneatella (Zell.), Dougl. Ent. Trans, i. n. s. 342 (1852). 
 Alis anticis griseo-fuscis, striis longitudinalibus cuneiformibus nigris, 
 quatuor in medio conspicuoribus, oblique pone squamas albidas positis, 
 fascia pallida angulata, plicam versus extrorsum curvata. Exp. al. 1\ 
 lin. 
 
 Head greyish-fuscous. Face whitish. Palpi greyish-fuscous, inter- 
 nally whitish ; terminal joint internally whitish, with a dark fuscous 
 ring before the apex. Antenna? greyish-fuscous. Anterior wings 
 greyish-fuscous, with several longitudinal dark fuscous wedge-shaped 
 streaks; of which four in the middle of the wing placed obliquely be- 
 yond some whitish scales arc conspicuous ; beyond some rather con- 
 spicuous streaks near the costa beyond the middle is the pale angulated 
 fascia, which towards the fold bends outwardly ; the hinder margin 
 and apex of the costa are spotted with black ; cilia pale greyish-fuscous. 
 Posterior wings pale fuscous, with paler cilia. 
 
OELECHIA. Ill 
 
 A specimen is in Mr. Bedell's collection, taken in Tower-street, 
 some years back. Mr. Boyd took two specimens among willows 
 at Hackney, last September. 
 
 20. peliella, Treit. E. S. x. 3. 198 (1835) j Dap. ; Zell. j Dougl. 
 Alls anticis nigricaniibus, punclo plica basim versus, punctis duobus 
 ante medium (altero plica:, altcro vix postcriore disci), nigris, squamis 
 sequentibus albidis, puncto disci pone medium nigro albido-ciucto, ma- 
 culis posticis oppositis albidis, dorsali posteriore. Exp. al. 7 lin. 
 
 Head dark fuscous. Face pale ocbrcous. Palpi dark fuscous ; in- 
 ternally and the tip of the terminal joint pale ochreous. Antenna 
 fuscous. Anterior wings dark greykh-fuscous, with a black spot on the 
 fold not far from the base, and two black spots a little before the mid- 
 dle, one on the fold and one hardly posterior on the disc, both followed 
 by some whitish scales ; on the disc beyond the middle is a black spot 
 almost encircled by some whitish scales ; beyond arc two whitish oppo- 
 site spots, which almost form an angulated fascia, that on the inner 
 margin is posterior to the costal spot ; in the apex of the wing are a few 
 whitish scales ; cilia greyish-fuscous. Posterior wings greyish-fuscous, 
 with paler cilia. 
 
 Hitherto only taken at West Wickham Wood, in June and 
 July. 
 
 21. alacella (Zell.), Dup. L. F. xi. 296. pi. 297. f. 12 (1838); 
 Zell. ; Dougl. Alis anticis c<m*fcsc<?«fe-nigricantibus, punctis duobus 
 ante medium, altcro plicae, altero disci paullo posteriore, squamis se- 
 quentibus lutesccntibus, puncto disci pone medium, squamis lutcscen- 
 tibus utrinque marginato, nigris, guttula dorsi, lunulaque posteriore 
 costa, lutescentibus. Exp. al. 6 -J lin. 
 
 Head very dark fuscous. Pace paler. Palpi dark fuscous ; tip of the 
 terminal joint pale ochreous. Antenna? dark fuscous. Anterior wings 
 blackish, with a bluish tinge, with two black spots before the middle, 
 one on the fold, and one rather posterior on the disc, both followed by 
 some pale yellowish scales, and a black spot on the disc beyond the 
 middle, preceded and followed by some pale yellowish scales ; beneath 
 it is a small pale yellowish spot on the inner margin, and beyond it on 
 the costa is a larger lunular pale yellowish spot ; the hinder margin and 
 apex of the costa are spotted with black and pale yellowish ; cilia dark 
 fuscous. Posterior wings greyish-fuscous, with paler cilia. 
 
 A scarce species ; has occurred near Leatherhead in July. 
 
 22. longicornis, Curt. B.E. fo. 189 (1827); Step.— histrionella, 
 Hub. ; Dup. — zebrella, Treit. Alis anticis albido-griseh, riifo-suffusis, 
 basi dorsi, stria obliqua coslsc prope basim saturate fuscis, fascia in 
 medio recta, saturate fusca, in qua puncta duo ovala saturation! (alteram 
 plies, alteram disci), puncto ovato disci pone medium saturate fusco. 
 Exp. al. 7£ lin. 
 
 Head dark fuscous. Face greyish-fuscous. Palpi greyish-fuscous, 
 
112 OELECHID/E. 
 
 internally whitish. Antennas fuscous. Anterior wings pale whitish- 
 grey, much suffused with reddish, with the base of the inner margin ami 
 an oblique streak from near the base of the costa dark fuscous ; in 
 the middle is a dark fascia, in which are two darker ovale spots (one on 
 the fold, and one on the disc) ; beyond the middle is a dark fuscous 
 ovate spot on the disc, and beyond it are two other dark fuscous spots, 
 one on the costa, and one on the inner margin ; parallel to the hinder 
 margin is a long fuscous spot ; the hinder margin and apex of the 
 costa are spotted with fuscous ; cilia grey. Posterior wings greyish- 
 fuscous, with paler cilia. 
 
 Common on the moors in the north of England, in May and 
 June. 
 
 23. diffinis, Haw. L. B. 551 (1829); Step.V—dissimiteUa, Dup. 
 pi. 297. f. 4. — scabidella, Zell. — nebulea, Haw.? Step.? Alis anticis 
 rufo-brunneis, stria obliqua costali prope basim, saturate fusca, cum ma- 
 cula transversali dorsi scabra confluents, punctis duobus disci, in ncbu- 
 lam fuscam costalem inclusis, saturate fuscis, macula postica costa;, 
 maeulaque minorc dorsi fuscis, fascia postica, fere obsolcta, angulata 
 ochrca. Exp. al. 7^ lin. 
 
 Head and face greyish-fuscous. Palpi greyish-fuscous, internally 
 paler ; terminal joint pale yellowish, with two dark fuscous rings. An- 
 tennae pale greyish-fuscous, with darker annulations. Anterior wings 
 reddish-brown (sometimes with a slight violet tint), with an oblique dark 
 fuscous streak near the base of the costa, meeting in the fold a tuft of dark 
 fuscous raised scales, situated perpendicularly on the inner margin ; in 
 the middle are two or three small tufts of dark fuscous scales, connected 
 with the costa by a fuscous blotch ; beyond the middle is a small fus- 
 cous spot on the costa, and a smaller one opposite to it on the inner 
 margin; immediately beyond them is a rather indistinct angulalcd 
 ochreous fascia (sometimes interrupted by a dark fuscous streak) ; the 
 hinder margin and apex of the costa are spotted alternately with pale 
 and dark fuscous ; cilia fuscous. Posterior wings pale grey, with grey- 
 ish-fuscous cilia. 
 
 Common on Dartford Heath, Barnes Common, etc., in May, 
 June, and August (?). The larva feeds in April on llumex Ace- 
 tosella, forming a burrow down towards the root of the plant. 
 
 24. terrella, W. V. 140.49 (1776); Hub. ; Treit.; Hup.; Zell.; 
 E. v. E. pi. 80. f. 1. pi. 96.— lularea, Haw. ; Ste\->.—:ephyrella, Treit. 
 Alis anticis ochreo-brunneis, punctis tribus (uno plica;, altero posteriore 
 disci ante, tertio disci pone medium) nigris, fascia postica angulata ob- 
 solcta dilutiore. Exp. al. 7i lin. 
 
 Head and face greyish-fuscous. Palpi fuscous, internally pale ochre- 
 ous. Antenna; fuscous, with paler annulations. Anterior wings ochrc- 
 ous-brown (varying considerably in the shade of colour), with three 
 black spots (one on the fold, one posterior to it on the disc before the 
 middle, aud one on the disc beyond the middle) ; beyond this is a rather 
 
113 
 
 indistinct pale nngulated fascia j the hinder margin and apex of the 
 costa are spotted with dark fuscous ; cilia rather paler than the wing. 
 Posterior wings pale grey, with greyish-fuscous cilia. 
 
 A most abundant species everywhere among grass, in June and 
 July. The larva figured by Fischer appears to be that of G. mfes- 
 cens; the larva of G. terrella still remains to be discovered. 
 
 25. desertella (ML), Dougl. Ent. Trans, i. n. s. 62 (1850). Alis 
 anticis ddute ochrpo-brunneis, puncto plica prope basim fusco, punctis 
 duobus ante medium (altero plica;, altero posteriore disci) punctoque 
 disci pone medium nigris, fascia postica dilutiore obsolelissima. Exp 
 al. 6 (sex) lin. 
 
 Head pale grcyish-ochreous, darker in the middle. Face pale grey. 
 Palpi pale fuscous, internally pale ochreous. Antenna; fuscous, °with 
 paler anmilations. Anterior wings pale ochreous-brown, with a fuscous 
 spot on the fold near the base, two black spots before the middle (one 
 on the fold, the other a little posterior on the disc), and one on the 
 disc beyond the middle ; the indications of a pale hinder fascia are 
 hardly perceptible; the hinder margin and apex of the costa are spotted 
 with dark fuscous ; cilia pale fuscous or pale ochreoua. Posterior winn-s 
 pale grey, with pale greyish-fuscous cilia. 
 
 Common on the sand-hills of the Cheshire coast, and in the 
 Isle of Portland, in June and July. 
 
 26. politella (Dougl.), Sta. Sup. Cat. p. 4 (1851); Dougl. Alis 
 anticis nitidis, £ olivaceo-griseis, ( ? angustioribus dilute vel brunneo- 
 ochreis,) punctis tribus (uno plica;, altero posteriore disci ante, tertio 
 disci pone medium) <J subobsoletis fuscis ( $ distinctis subniaris). Exp 
 al. £ H; ? Ci lin. l 
 
 Head and face greyish-fuscous. Palpi fuscous, internally pale ochre- 
 ous. Antenna; fuscous. Anterior wings shining olivaceous-grey, with 
 a spot on the fold, one on the disc rather posterior before the middle, 
 and one on the disc beyond the middle, fuscous, but rather indistinct ; 
 the hinder margin and apex of the costa are spotted with fuscous ; cilia 
 pale fuscous. Posterior wings pale grey, with greyish-fuscous cilia. 
 
 The female has the head, faoe, palpi, and narrower anterior wings 
 pale ochreous, or pale brownish-ochreous, and the spots on the anterior 
 wings more distinct and almost black. 
 
 Common at the foot of Skiddaw, among heather, in June, 1846 ; 
 since taken by Mr. Logan, on the Pentlands. 
 
 27. acuminatella, Sircom, Zool. 1850, App. Ixxii. ; Dogul.— Cir- 
 sie/la, Sta.— pul/iginella, Sircom? Alis anticis dilute brunneis, fusco- 
 snffusis, plica lincaque superiore parum suffusis, puncto plica;, puncto 
 posteriore disci {interdnm in duo cuneiformia diviso) ante medium, 
 punctoque disci pone medium nigris, maculis oppositis dilutioribus fere 
 fasciam Bubangtdatam formantibus. Exp. al. (>!, lin. 
 
 Head greyish-fuscous. Pace pale grcyish-ochreous. Palpi pale fus- 
 cous, internally pale ochreous ; terminal joint pale ochreous, with a fus- 
 
 VOL. III. 
 
 Q 
 
114 GBIdSCHID r 
 
 cons ring before the apex. Antenna fuscous, beneath spotted with 
 pale ochrcous. Anterior wings (in the ? rather acuminate) pale brown, 
 very much suffused with fuscous, the fold and a line above it being al- 
 most the only unsufl'used portions of the wing ; a black spot lies on 
 the fold before the middle, and on the disc a little posterior is another, 
 sometimes divided into two wedge-shaped spots ; on the disc beyond the 
 middle is another black spot; beyond are two pale opposite spots, 
 which appear to form a slightly angulated fascia; between them is 
 sometimes a dark fuscous elongated spot ; the hinder margin and apex 
 of the costa are almost uninterruptedly dark fuscous ; cilia pale fuscous. 
 Posterior wings pale grey, with greyish-ochreous cilia. 
 
 Not uncommon ; appearing in May and August. The larva, 
 which is more easily seen, mines the leaves of the thistle (Cirsmm 
 l,i iicrol alum) in, July and September. 
 
 28. ArtemisieUa (Tischer), Treit. E. S. ix. 2. 97 (1833); F. v. 
 It. pi. 30. f. 2 ; Dup. ; Zell. ; Dougl. Alis anticis rufo-brunneis, dorso 
 dilutiore, punclis dnobus plica, duobusque disci oblique posilis poslerius 
 nigris. Exp. al. 5-5.} lin. , 
 
 Head greyish-fuscous. Face paler. Palpi dark fuscous, internally 
 paler; terminal joint with two fuscous rings. Antenna! fuscous, with 
 paler annulations. Anterior wings reddish-brown, with the inner margin 
 paler ; on the fold are two black spots, one being in the middle, and one 
 beyond; obliquely beyond these are two others on (he disc; on the hinder 
 margin and apex of the costa are some black spots; cilia greyish-ochrc- 
 ous. Posterior wings pale grey, with greyish-fuscous cilia. 
 
 Common in June aud July among the short grass in sandy 
 and gravelly places, near Epsom, Box Hill, Dawlish Warren, the 
 Cheshire coast, etc. The larva (according to Tischer) feeds in 
 May in the terminal shoots of Artemisia campestris. 
 
 29. senectella (E. v. P.), Zell. Isis, 1839. p. 199 ; Dougl. Alis 
 anticis dilute griseo-ochreis, fusco-siifiisis (ssepe omnino fuscis), macula 
 basali costa, macula minore costa pone medium, pnnctoque elongatulo 
 plica prope basim fuscis, puneto uno plicrc, altero posteriorc disci ante, 
 tertio disci pone medium nigris, fascia postica dilutiore angulata sub- 
 distiucta. Exp. al. 5.! lin. , • , 
 
 Head pale greyish-ochreous. Face pale ochrcous. Palpi pale ochre- 
 ous; terminal joint beneath spotted with fuscous. Antenna fuscous. 
 Anterior wings pale greyish-ochreous, considerably suj/'used with fuscous 
 (sometimes entirely so), with a dark fuscous spot al the base of the costa, 
 a smaller one on the costa beyond the middle, and a rather elongated one 
 on lite fold near the base ; on the fold is a black spot, and another pos- 
 terior to it on the disc before the middle, a third being on the disc be- 
 yond the middle ; beyond this is a rather distinct pale angulated fascia ; 
 '« ili„ pale greyish-ochreous. Posterior wings pale grey, with pale grey- 
 ish-fusooue cilia. 
 
 Not r-are in dry places among fern, in July ; Hartford Heath. 
 
WSLECHIA. 115 
 
 30. mundella, Dougl. Ent. Trans, i. n. s. 64 (1850). Alis anti- 
 cis dilute kitesaente-griseis, punctis sea nigris, quorum duo minuta basalia 
 costam et dorsum versus, duo plicie (prius prope baaim, poaterius ante 
 medium), duoque disci ; margine postico fusco. Exp. al. 5 lin. 
 
 Head and face pale yellowish-grey. Palpi yellowish; terminal joint 
 fuscous. Antennas fuscous, with paler annulations. Anterior wings 
 pale yellowish-grey, with six black spots, two very minute at the base 
 (one near the costn, the other on the inner margin), two on the fold 
 (one near the base, the other before the middle), and two on the disc 
 (the first being in the middle of the wing) ; hinder margin fuscous; 
 cilia greyish-fuscous. Posterior wings whitish-grey, with yellowish- 
 grey cilia. 
 
 This pretty little species occurs among the sand-hills at New 
 Brighton, and elsewhere on the Cheshire coast, in May and June. 
 
 31. similis, Dougl. n. sp. Alis anticis saturate brunneo-fuscis, 
 punctis duobus elongatis ante medium (altero plica;, altero posteriory 
 disci), puncto tertio rotundo disci pone medium, obsoletis nigris, fascia 
 postica angulatn obsoleta lutescente, ad costam dislinctiore. Exp. al. (i 
 lin. 
 
 Head dark fuscous. Face greyish-oehrcous. Palpi greyish-ochre- 
 ous; second joint externally brownish; terminal joint dark fuscous. 
 Anterior wings dark brownish-fuscous, with two elongate, rather obso- 
 lete black spots before the middle (one on the fold, the other posterior 
 to it on the disc) ; an obsolete round black spot, is on the disc beyond 
 the middle; beyond this is a faint pale nngulated fascia, most distinct 
 on the cosla, where it appears as a pale yellowish spot ; cilia greyish- 
 brown. Posterior wings pale grey, with pale fuscous cilia. 
 
 Taken by Mr. Douglas in July, at Stoat's Nest, Chariton, and 
 near Miokleham, Hying in the evening among thatch. 
 
 32. affinis, Haw. L. B. 551 (1829); Step.; Doug\.—umbrose//a, 
 Zell. ; Dup. ? Alis anticis fuscis, punctis qualuor nigris externa alio- 
 suuamalis, primo plica; basim versus, secundo plica; media;, duobus disci 
 pone medium, maculis poslicis oppositis, dorsali posteriore, albidis. Exp. 
 al. 5i lin. 
 
 Head dark fuscous. Face whitish. Palpi ochreous ; terminal joint 
 fuscous, with one or two pale ochreous spots. Antenna; unannulated, 
 fuscous. Anterior wings fuscous, with four black spots, each followed 
 by some white scales ; the first is on the fold near the base, the second 
 in the middle of the fold, the other two are on the disc beyond Hie 
 middles towards the hinder margin are two opposite whitish spots, of 
 which that on the inner margin is rather posterior; in the apex of the 
 wing are a few white scales; cilia greyish-fuscous. Posterior wings 
 pale grey, with greyish-fuscous cilia. 
 
 Taken in various localities in July. I once bred it from a 
 larva found (when full-fed) crawling on a mossy wall, in Feb- 
 ruary. 
 
lid (lELF.cilin.i:. 
 
 33. boreella, Dougl. Bnt. Trans, i. n. s. 105 (1851). Alis anticis 
 nitidis griseo-fiiscis, punctis duobus ante medium (nltcro plicnc, altero 
 posteriore disci) punctoquc disci pone medium nigris, st/uamis nonnullis 
 liilescenlibus pone panclum plictc et inter puncta disci, fascia postica an- 
 gukta et denlata lutesccuie. Exp. al. 6$ lin. 
 
 Head dark fuscous. Face dark fuscous, rather shining. Palpi dark 
 fuscous, internally a little paler. Antenna; dark fuscous, beneath 
 spotted with pale fuscous. Anterior wings shining greyish-fuscous, 
 with two black spots before the middle (one on the fold, the other, 
 posteriorly placed, on the disc), and a black spot on the disc a little 
 beyond the middle ; beyond the spot of the fold and between the two spots 
 of the disc are some yellowish scales, and beyond the middle is a some- 
 what indented, slightly angulatcd pale yellowish fascia ; the hinder mar- 
 gin and apex of the costa arc dark fuscous; cilia greyish-fuscous. 
 Posterior wings pale grey, with paler cilia. 
 
 I have a single specimen, taken in a boggy place near Dunoon, 
 in the middle of July. 
 
 84. galbanella (F. v. It.), Zell. Isis, 1839. p. 200; Dougl. Alis 
 anticis laliusculis luteo-griseis, punctis duobus ante medium (altero 
 plica;, altero posteriore disci), punctoquc disci pone medium nigris, 
 spatio pone punctuin plica;, et inter puncta disci fere lutescente absque 
 g?-iseo, fascia postica subobsoleta angulata mm denlata dilutiore. Exp. 
 al. 7 1 lin. 
 
 Head yellowish-grey. Face paler. Palpi externally dark fuscous, 
 internally pale ochreous. Antenna) yellowish-grey, annulated with 
 dark fuscous. Anterior wings rather broad, yelloivish-grey, with two 
 black spots before the middle (one on the fold, and one rather posterior 
 on the disc), and a black spot on the disc beyond the middle; the 
 space beyond the spot on the fold and between the spots on the disc is 
 pale yellowish, with hardly any grey scales ; the pale hinder fascia is 
 rather indistinct, not indented, and slightly angulated ; the hinder mar- 
 gin and apex of the costa are spotted with dark fuscous ; cilia grey. 
 Posterior wings grey, with greyish-fuscous cilia. 
 
 Taken by Mr. Weaver, in the Black Forest, in Perthshire, in 
 July. 
 
 35. basaltinella, Zell. Isis, 1839. p. 198; Dougl. — domestica, 
 var. /3, Haw. Alis anticis f/iscis, punctis quatuor nigris (primo plica; 
 basim versus, secundo plica;, et tertio approximate disci ante medium, 
 quarto disci pone medium), spatio interjecto dilutiore, maculis posticis 
 oppositis (dorsali nonuihil posteriore) dilute ochreis, fere fasciam rectum 
 formanlibus. Exp. al. 5 J, lin. 
 
 Head dark fuscous. Face pale greyish-ochreous. Palpi dark fus- 
 cous, internally pale ochreous. Antenna; dark fuscous, with paler an- 
 nulations. Anterior wings fuscous, with four black spots, one on the 
 fold not far from the base, two a little before the middle (one on the 
 fold, the other very near it on the disc), and one on the disc beyond 
 
GELECHIA. 117 
 
 the middle j the space between these spots is paler than the rest of the 
 wing; beyond the fourth spot are two pale ochreous opposite spots 
 (that on the inner margin being slightly posterior), almost forming a 
 straight fascia ; cilia fuscous. Posterior wings grey, with greyish- 
 fuscous cilia. 
 
 Taken by Mr. Bedell, among old thatch at Addington, in June 
 and j uly ; also by Mr. Douglas, in a similar locality. 
 
 36. domestica, Haw. L. B. 651 (1829); Step. Alis anticis 
 ochreo-griseis, fusco-mixlis, puncto humerali nigro, puncto costa; pone 
 medium saturate fusco, punctis quatuoi nigris (primo plicae basim 
 versus, sccundo plicae, tertio approximate disci ante medium, quarto 
 disci pone medium), spatio iutcrjeeto dilutiore, fascia postica subdis- 
 tincta dilutiore angnlata. Exp. al. 6 lin. 
 
 Head pale grey. Face whitish. Palpi whitish ; terminal joint ex- 
 ternally with a few fuscous spots. Antenna; dark fuscous, with pale 
 grey simulations. Anterior wings greyish-ochreous, more or less dusted 
 with fuscous, with a small black spot at the base of the costa, and a 
 dark fuscous spot on the costa beyond the middle ; a black spot lies 
 on the fold, not far from the base, another is on the fold, and a third 
 just above it on the disc a little before the middle, and a fourth on the 
 disc beyond the middle ; the space between these spots is paler than 
 the rest of the wing ; towards the hinder margin is a tolerably well- 
 defined pale an •gulated fascia ; cilia pale grey. Posterior wings whitish- 
 grey, with pale greyish-fuscous cilia. 
 
 Occurs in July and August, most frequently in houses ; rarely 
 on fences in the country. 
 
 37. rhombella, Hub. Tin. 277 (1812); Treit. ; Dup. ; Dough; 
 W. V.P — rhombea, Haw. Alis anticis cinereis, macula basali costa nigra, 
 puncto postico costa? saturate fusco, puncto plica; prope basim fusco, 
 punctis duobus disci {primo in medio, secundo majore pone medium) sa- 
 turate fuscis, nebula dorsi pone medium fusca, fascia postica indistincta 
 dilutiore angulata. Exp. al. C', lin. 
 
 Head and face greyish-fuscous. Palpi dark fuscous, internally pale 
 ochreous. Antenna; very pale fuscous, with dark fuscous annulations. 
 Anterior wings ashy-grey, with a long black spot al the base of the costa, 
 and a smaller dark fuscous spot beyond the middle of the costa ; near 
 the base towards the inner margin is a fuscous spot, and another, 
 rather indistinct, lies on the disc a little beyond ; in the middle of the 
 disc is a dark fuscous spot, and another, rather larger, is on the disc 
 beyond the middle ; a fuscous blotch is on the inner margin beyond the 
 middle; beyond this there are faint indications of a pale angulated 
 fascia ; on the hinder margin and apex of the costa are some small 
 dark fuscous spots ; cilia greyish-ochreous. Posterior wings pale grey, 
 with paler cilia. 
 
 Occurs among apple-trees in July; taken formerly by Mr. S. 
 
118 OELECllID.E. 
 
 Stevens, at Hammersmith; not common. The larva (according 
 to Lienig) feeds on apple, iu May and June, turning down a 
 comer of the leaf. 
 
 38. proximella, Hub. Tin. 228 (1801); Treit. ; Dup. ; Zed.; 
 Dough — rhombella, Step.? — ftdlatella, Dup.? Alis anticis canesceuti- 
 bus tenerrime obsrurius irroratis, punctis striolisvc sparsis uigvis, litura 
 costali post medium fuscescente. Exp. al. 8 lin. 
 
 Head and face pale grey. Palpi pale grey ; terminal joint whitish, 
 with the base and two rings black. Antenna pale grey, annu- 
 lated with dark fuscous. Anterior wings hoary-grey, with numerous 
 black streaks and spots ; a black streak from the base of the wing near 
 the costa, a short black streak on the costa in the middle, and a dark 
 fuscous blotch on the costa beyond the middle ; on the inner margin is 
 8 dark fuscous blotch near the middle, and a smaller one beyond the 
 middle ; very near the base on the fold is a smaller black spot, and be- 
 fore the middle are two black spots, one on tlie fold, the oilier anterior 
 on the disc ; in the middle are two rather long black spots (the smaller 
 one on the fold, the larger and rather posterior on (lie disc) ; beyond 
 the middle on the disc arc two small round black spots, followed by a 
 short black streak ; the apical portion of the wing is clouded with dark 
 fuscous, and the hinder margin and apex of the costa are spotted with 
 black ; cilia pale grey. Posterior wings pale grfcy, with paler cilia. 
 
 Common among birches in May and June. The larva feeds 
 between united leaves of birch in September. 
 
 39. notatella, Hub. Tin. 344 (1816); Treit.; Lienig; Dough— 
 proximella, var. j3. Zell. Alis anticis griseis, saturating nebnlosis, nebu- 
 lis tribus costa;, prima basali, sccundo ante, tertia pone medium, ne- 
 bula majore dorsi (in quo puncta duo ante medium), punctis duobus in 
 medio, duobusquc disci pone medium nigris. Exp. al. 6|- 7 lin. 
 
 Head and face grey. Palpi grey ; terminal joint paler, with the base 
 and two rings black. Antennas pale grey, annulated with dark fuscous. 
 Anterior wings grey, with numerous dark grey clouds, three of which arc 
 on the costa (one at the base, one before, and the third beyond the 
 middle) ; almost at the base on the fold is a small black spot ; a large 
 cloud occupies nearly the whole of the inner margin, on it are two black 
 spots before the middle (one on the fold, the other anterior on the 
 disc) ; in the middle arc two other black spots, one on the fold, the 
 other, above it, rather elongate on the disc ; beyond the middle are two 
 other small black spots on the disc ; on the hinder margin and apex of 
 the costa are some small dark fuscous spots ; cilia grey. Posterior 
 wings grey, with pale grey cilia. 
 
 Not uncommon among sallows in May. The larva feeds on 
 sallows in September, between united leaves of the smooth-leaved 
 species, and burrowing in the wool on the underside of the leaves 
 of the woolly-leaved species. 
 
GEI.ECHIA. 119 
 
 40. humeralis, Zell. Isis, 1839. p. 200 j Dougl.— Ltjellella (Curt.); 
 Westw. — decorella, Haw. P Alis nnticis angustulis, albidis (interdum 
 omnino fuscis), striola humerali coslali nigra, puncto costse media? parvo 
 fusco, macula pone medium costaj saturate fusca, striola ei opposita 
 transversali disci, puncto anteriorc oblongo supra plicam, puncto altera 
 basim versus, his punctis saturate fuscis in maculam magnam dorsalem 
 interdum indium. Exp. al. 6 J lin. 
 
 Head and face yellowish or dark fuscous. Palpi yellowish; terminal 
 joint with a fuscous ring before the apex, frequently with another fus- 
 cous ring near the base. Antennae fuscous, unannulatcd. Anterior 
 wings rather narrow, of variable ground-colour, from yellowish-white 
 to dark fuscous, with a black streak at the base of the costa ; in the 
 middle of the costa is a small fuscous cloudy spot, and beyond it a 
 more distinct dark fuscous spot ; opposite the latter is a dark fus- 
 cous transverse spot on the disc, before which is an oblong dark 
 fuscous spot above the fold ; between this and the base is a some- 
 what irregular dark fuscous spot on the fold ; the last three spots are 
 sometimes included in a large dark blotch on the inner margin; on the 
 hinder margin and apex of the costa are some fuscous spots ; cilia 
 greyish-fuscous. Posterior wings pale grey, with greyish-fuscous cilia. 
 
 An extremely variable insect; appears in July and August; 
 not unfrequcnt in the New Forest. ; scarce in other localities. 
 
 41. vulgella, Hub. Tin. 346 (1816); Zell.; W. V.? Dup.?— 
 aspera, Haw. ; Step. Alis anticis griseis, nebulis tribus costro, nebula- 
 que in medio dorsi saturate griseis, punctis ditobus in medio scabris ni- 
 gria albido-cinctis, macula transversali scabra nigra ad angulum analem, 
 fascia postica indistincta angulata dilutiore. Exp. al. 6 lin. 
 
 Head grey. Face paler. Palpi grey; terminal joint pale oehreous, 
 with two fuscous rings. Antenna; fuscous, with paler annulations. 
 Anterior wings grey, with three dark grey clouds on the costa (the 
 first near the base, the second in the middle, the third beyond the 
 middle), and a dark grey cloud near the middle of the inner margin ; 
 in the middle of the wing are. two raised black spots, surrounded by 
 whitish (one on the disc, the other rather posterior on the fold) ; above 
 the anal angle is a transverse raised black spot reaching more than half 
 across the wing ; beyond is a faintly indicated pale angulated fascia ; 
 the hinder margin and apex of the wing are spotted with black ; cilia 
 grey. Posterior wings grey, with paler cilia. 
 
 Common among hawthorn in June and July. The larva feeds 
 (I believe) in the young shoots of hawthorn in May. 
 
 42. luculella, Hub. Tin. 397 (1816); Dup.; Zell.— subrosea, Haw.; 
 Step. — luctuella, Step. Alis anticis nigris, macula magna curvata sub- 
 rosea ante medium costa fere plicam tangente, maculam minorem ni- 
 gram costa- ineradente, maculis posticis oppositis, costali majore, albidis. 
 Exp. al. 6 lin. 
 
 Head and face grey. Palpi greyish-fuscous; the terminal joint with 
 
120 GELECHID.E. 
 
 two pale ochreous rings. Antenna? fuscous, with indistinct paler an- 
 nulations. Anterior wings black, with a large curved pale yellow blotch 
 before the middle of the costa, reaching half across the wing, where it is 
 tinged with rosy ; on the costa it includes a small black spot ; towards 
 the hinder margin are two whitish opposite spots, of which that on the 
 costa is the larger; cilia very dark grey. Posterior wings greyish-fus- 
 cous, with paler cilia. 
 
 Very common round London, on the stems of oaks in June. 
 
 43. scriptella, Hub. Tin. 132 (1801); Treit. ; Zell.; Dup. ?— 
 Blallarire, Haw. — tremdla. Step. Alis anticis alb is, costam versus 
 exalbidis, maculis costa; tribus (prima basali, sccunda media, tertia pone 
 medium) nigris, dorso usque pone medium late fusco, punch oblongo 
 plica media, striata posteriore disci, slriolaoue transversali disci pone 
 medium scabris nigris. Exp. al. G.V lin. 
 
 Head and face white. Palpi whitish ; terminal joint with two black 
 rings. Antennas whitish, annulated with dark fuscous. Anterior wings 
 white, towards the costa with a slight ochreous tinge, with the base of 
 the costa, a spot in the middle, and a larger spot beyond the middle of 
 the costa black ; the inner margin is broadly fuseous from near the base 
 to beyond the middle ; in the middle of the fold is a long black spot of 
 raked scales, a short curved streak lies on the disc rather beyond, and a 
 transverse streak is on the disc opposite to the last costal spot, but not 
 reaching beyond the fold ; these are likewise composed of raised black 
 scales ; the apical portion of the wing is clouded with fuscous, with 
 some darker spots towards the hinder hiargin ; cilia whitish. Posterior 
 wings pale grey, with paler cilia. 
 
 Common among maples in May and June. The larva feeds on 
 the leaves of the maple in September, turning down a portion, 
 securing the leaf in its folded position by several strong cables of 
 silk, and 'then devouring the folded portion half through ; they 
 are extremely subject to the attacks of the hhnenmonidre. 
 
 44. fugitivella, Zell. Isis, 1839, p. 200; Dougl. — pullatella, 
 Evers. ? Alis anticis cinereis, saturate fusco-nebulosis, basi dorsi, api- 
 cecpie execptis, nebulis tribus costaj (prima basali, sccunda ante, tertia 
 pone medium) punctis duobus subscabris plicae (altero ante medium, 
 altera in medio) nebulaque dorsali prope basim nigris. Exp. al. 6 lin. 
 
 Head and face grey. Palpi grey; terminal joint with two dark fus- 
 cous rings. Antennas grey, annulated with dark fuscous. Anterior 
 wings ashy-grey, much clouded with dark fuscous, only a small patch at 
 the base of the inner margin, and towards the apex of the wing remain- 
 ing unclouded; along the costa are three almost black blotches, one at 
 the base, one before, and one beyond the middle, and in the fold are 
 two black rather raised spots, one before aud one in the middle ; on 
 the inner margin not far from the base is a small black blotch ; a fus- 
 cous cloud lies in the grey apical portion of the wing, and several 
 
OELECHIA. 121 
 
 fuscous spots are on the hinder margin ; cilia greyish. Posterior wings 
 greyish-fuscous, with paler cilia. 
 
 Not scarce among elms in June and July. The larva (accord- 
 ing to Lienig) feeds on nut, maple, and elm, in May. 
 
 45. JEthiops (West.), Hump, and West. B. M. ii. 192. pi. 107. 
 f. 13 (1845) ; Dougl. Alis anticis nigris, punclis scabris nigris (primo 
 disci ante medium, secundo majore, tertioque niinore plica-, quarta ob- 
 liqua disci in medio, quinto pone medium transversali), fascia postica 
 angulata diluta obsolelissima. Exp. al. 8 lin. 
 
 Head and face black. Palpi black, internally rather paler; terminal 
 joint with a grey ring before the apex. Antemiie black. Anterior wings 
 black, with several raised tufts of black scales, one before the middle on 
 the disc, a second more conspicuous, a little posterior on the fold, two 
 are in the middle (one on the fold, the other ratlin- obliquely placed on 
 the disc); a fifth is transversely placed beyond the middle rather above 
 the fold ; beyond arc some extremely faint indications of a pale angu- 
 lated fascia ; cilia dark grey. Posterior wings pale greyish-fuscous, 
 with greyish-fuscous cilia. 
 
 Occurs on moors in the north of England, in June, sitting on 
 the black places that have been burnt. 
 
 46. solutella (P. v. K.), Zell. Isis, 1839. p. 199; Dup. ?— fumo- 
 sella, Doug]. Alis anticis saturalissime fuscis, punclis quatuor ttiffrit, 
 primo plica) prope baaim, secundo plica), tertio disci paullo ante medium, 
 quarto disci pone medium, fascia postica diluta angulata obsoletissima. 
 Exp. al. 9J lin. 
 
 Head, face, palpi, and antenna; dark fuscous. Anterior wings very 
 dark fuscous, with four black spots ; the first on the fold not far from 
 the base, the second on the fold, and the third on the disc, a little be- 
 fore the middle, the fourth on the disc beyond the middle ; there arc 
 hardly any indications of a pale angulated fascia ; cilia pale ochreous, 
 intersected by a dark fuscous line. Posterior wings pale grey, with 
 greyish-ochreous cilia. 
 
 A single specimen was taken in 1851, by Mr. Weaver, in Perth- 
 shire ; it is in Mr. Doubleday's collection. 
 
 47. distinctella, Zell. Isis, 1839, p. 199 ; P. v. R. pi. 80. f. 2 ; 
 Doug]. ; Dup.? Alis anticis fusco-brunneis, puncto obliquo costali prope 
 baaim, macula costnli pone medium, saturate fuscis (interdum obsoletis), 
 puncto uno plica), altero posteriore disci, tcrtioquc disci pone medium, 
 nigris all/ido-nolalis, fascia postica subangulata dUutiorc subobsoleta. 
 Exp, al. 7! lin. 
 
 (lead and face greyish-fuscous. Palpi greyish-fuscous, internally 
 pale ochreous; the tip of the terminal joint pale ochreous. Antenna' 
 fuscous. Anterior wings dark brotonish-fnseous, wit/i an oblique dark 
 fuscous blolchfroM near the base of the casta, and a dark fuscous blotch 
 on the costa beyond the middle (these markings arc sometimes almost 
 
 VOL. III. b 
 
122 GELECHin.K. 
 
 lost in the dark ground-colour) ; on the fold is a black spot, and an- 
 other, rather posterior, on the disc before the middle, a third is on the 
 disc beyond the middle j these spots are generally preceded and followed 
 by some whitish scales; towards the hinder margin is a slight!!/ angn- 
 lated paler but not very distinct fascia ; on the hinder margin and apex 
 of the costa are some scattered black scales, and a few whitish scales lie 
 towards the apex of the hinder margin ; cilia fuscous, intersected by a 
 darker line. Posterior wings grey, with greyish-fuscous cilia. 
 
 Occurs on the downs beyond Croydon, among the junipers, in 
 July and August ; also in the Isle of Portland, but not common. 
 
 48. celerella (Dtragl.), Sta. Sup. Cat. p. 5 (1851); Dougl. Alis 
 mticis fit.sro-gri.si'is, stria obliqua costa; prope basim, macula magna tri- 
 angulari in medio costa hferius in plicam lerminala, maculaqne costa 
 subtransversali pone medium saturate fuscis, puncto uno plicfe, altero 
 posteriore disci ante, tertioque disci pone medium nigris, albido-notatis, 
 fascia tenui postica dilutiore fere recta. Exp. al. 5-6£ lin. 
 
 Head and face greyish-fuscous. Palpi greyish-fuscous, internally 
 pale ochreous ; tip of the terminal joint pale ochreous. Antennse fus- 
 cous. Anterior wings greyish-fuscous, with a short oblique fuscous streak 
 from the costa near the base, a large triangular fuscous blotch in the 
 middle of the costa, terminating on the fold, and beyond the middle is 
 a dark fuscous costal blotch, almost reaching across the wing ; a black 
 spot lies on the fold, a second rather posterior on the disc before the 
 middle, a third on the disc beyond the middle; they are generally pre- 
 ceded and folloioed by some whitish scales; towards the hinder margin 
 are two pale opposite spots, almost united into a slender straight fascia ; 
 in the dark apex of the wing are a few whitish scales ; cilia pale fus- 
 cous, intersected by a darker line. Posterior wings pale grey, with 
 greyish-fuscous cilia. 
 
 A few specimens have been taken in September among the sand- 
 hills of the Cheshire coast, by Mr. Cooke and Mr. Gregson. 
 
 49. costella (Step.), Hump, and West. B. M. ii. 192. pi. 107. f. 
 15 (1845); Dougl. Alis anticis rufo-ochreis, apicem versus fusco-suf- 
 fusis, macula magna costa fere ex basi usque ad fascium posticum producta, 
 ante medium plicam tangente, postice angustata, nigra, fascia postica 
 distincte angulata dilute rufo-oehrea. Exp. al. 6^ lin. 
 
 Head dark greyish-ochreous. Face pale greyish-ochreous. Palpi 
 reddish-fuscous, internally whitish ; terminal joint pale ochreous, with 
 two dark fuscous rings. Antenna: fuscous, with paler annulations. 
 Anterior wings reddish-ochreous, with a large black blotch on the costa, 
 biff inning not far from the base, and reaching to the hinder fascia, it is 
 broadest before the middle, where it touches the fold, and is attenuated 
 posteriorly ; the pale hinder fascia is distinctly angulated, reddish* 
 ochreous ; the apical portion of the wing is much suffused with fuscous ; 
 and the hinder margin and apex of the costa are alternately fuscous 
 and reddish-ochreous ; cilia fuscous. Posterior wings greyish-fuscous, 
 with paler cilia. 
 
GELECIIIA. 123 
 
 Not uncommon in hedges where Solatium Dulcamara grows, in 
 May, August, and September. The larva mines the leaves, and 
 feeds in the berries and stems of the Solatium, in July and August. 
 
 50. maculea, Haw. L. B. 552 (1829). — maeulella, Step. — blan- 
 della, Dougl. Ent. Trnns. ii. n. s. 77. pi. x. f. 2. Alis anticis albidis 
 
 fuscescenle-suffiisis, apicem versus fusco-suft'usis, atomis nigris prope 
 basim, macula oblonga nigra ante medium costte, plicam fere tangente, 
 postice producta, punctis chtobus disci, altcro ante, altera pone medium 
 nigris, fascia postica alba nonniliil angulala et denlata. Exp. al. 5J 
 tin. 
 
 Head, face, and palpi creamy-white. Antennas whitish, simulated 
 with dark fuscous. Anterior wings whitish, somewhat suffused with pale 
 fuscous ; a few black dots lie near the base, an oblique black streak arises 
 before the middle of the cosla, reaches nearly to the fold, and is rather 
 produced posteriorly ; above its apex is a small black spot on the disc, 
 and beyond the middle is another small blaok spot on the disc; the 
 pale hinder fascia is white, slightly angulalcd and indented ; the apical 
 portion of the wing is more suffused with fuscous, the hinder margin 
 and apex of the costa are varied with black and white scales ; cilia pale 
 grey. Posterior wings pale grey, with gre\ ish-fuscous cilia. 
 
 Not uncommon in July in hedges where Stellaria holostea grows. 
 The larva, when young, mines the leaves, afterwards feeds in the 
 terminal shoots, and at a later period feeds in the seeds of the 
 Stellaria holostea ; it may be met with in May and June. 
 
 51. tricolorella, Haw. Tr. Ent. i. 338 (1812); Step. — couligua, 
 Haw. ; Step. ; Dougl. But. Trana. ii. n. s. 76. pi. x. f. 1. Alis anticis 
 dilute rufo-brunneis, basi fusca, stria brcvi cost* prope hasim exalbida, 
 macula magna nigra costa a stria usque ad famam poatkam extensa, 
 plicam tangente postice angustnta, striata ad dorsum pone medium emit- 
 tente, maculis poslicis opposilis exalbidis, fasciam augulalam formantibus, 
 costali mnjore ac posleriore. Exp. al. C lin. 
 
 Head dark fuscous. Eace greyish-ochreous. Palpi dark fuscous ; 
 internally, and the tip of the terminal joint, pale ochreous. Antennas 
 fuscous. Anterior wings rather pale reddish-brown, with the base fus- 
 cous ; a short oblique streak from the costa near the base is yellowish- 
 white ; beyond this is a large black costal blotch, which extends to the 
 hinder fascia, it reaches to the fold, but is posteriorly narrower, and 
 beyond the middle it emits a black streak to the inner margin ; the yel- 
 lowish-while opposite spots, of which that on the costa is the larger and 
 posterior, form an angulated fascia ; the apical portion of the wing is 
 black, the hinder margin and apex of the costa being alternately black- 
 ish and whitish; cilia dark fuscous, with the tips paler. Posterior 
 wings greyish-fuscous, with paler cilia. 
 
 Not scarce in -luly in hedges where Stellaria holoslea grows. 
 The larva, when young, miues the leaves, afterwards feeding in 
 
124 GELECHIDyK. 
 
 the terminal shoots, and devouring the flower-buds of the Stellaria 
 holostca, in the beginning of spring. 
 
 52. fraternella, Dougl. Ent. Trans, i. n. s. 101 (1851); Id. Ent. 
 Trans, ii. n.s. 77. pi. x. f. 3. Alis anticis rufo-brunneis,fusco-suffush, 
 puncto supra plicam prope basiin, nebula obliqua ante medium coda pli- 
 cam tangente, nebula pone medium dorsi (apice cum puncto nigro disci 
 connexo), saturate fuscis, maculis oppositis albidis fere fasciam vix angu- 
 latam formantibus, ea costali vix posteriory Exp. al. 5-5 J lin. 
 
 Head reddish-brown. Face pale greyish-ochrcous. Palpi fuscous, 
 internally pale oclireous ; terminal joint dark fuscous, internally and 
 the tip pale oclireous. Antennae dark fuscous, with paler annulations. 
 Anterior wings reddish-brown, more or less suffused with fuscous, with a 
 dark fuscous spot above the fold near the base, a dark fuscous blotch 
 from the cosla before the middle, extending obliquely to the fold, and a 
 dark fuscous blotch on the inner margin beyond the middle, at the apex 
 of which is a black spot on the disc ; beyond arc two whitish oppo- 
 site spots, almost forming a slightly angulated fascia (that on the costa 
 is rather posterior) ; the apical portion of the wing is almost entirely 
 dark fuscous; cilia pale grey, varied with fuscous. Posterior wings 
 pale grey, with greyish-fuscous cilia. 
 
 Not uncommon in July, in hedges and weedy banks where Stel- 
 laria tiliginosa grows, but very retired in its habits, and not easily 
 dislodged. The larva feeds in May in the young terminal shoots 
 of Stellaria tiliginosa, which thereby assume a singular knobbed 
 and contorted appearance. 
 
 53. maculiferella (Mann), Dougl. Ent. Trans, i. n. s. 102 
 (1851). — proximo, Haw. ; Step. Alis anticis yraeo-fuscis, costam ver- 
 sus rufo-bruunco suffusis, macula obliqua nigra ante medium costa, pli- 
 cam tangente, interne cum puncto nigro plica, externe cum puncto nigro 
 disci connexa, puncto disci pone medium cum striola transversal] supra 
 plicam connexo, nigris, fascia poslica dilute ochrca intcrrupta subangu- 
 lata. Exp. al. 5 lin. 
 
 Head dark fuscous. Pace pale oclireous. Palpi dark fuscous, in- 
 ternally pale oclireous. Antenna; pale fuscous, annulated with dark 
 fuscous. Anterior wings greyish-fuscous, somewhat suffused with red- 
 dish-brown towards the costa, with a broad oblique black streak from the 
 cosla before the middle, not reaching beyond the fold, connected internally 
 with a black spot on the fold, and externally with a black spot on the 
 disc ; beyond the middle is a black spot on the disc, connected with a 
 short transverse streak rather above the fold ; the pale oclireous hinder 
 fascia is interrupted and slightly angulated; beyond it the apex of the 
 wing is dark fuscous ; the hinder margin and apex of the costa being 
 varied with dark fuscous, and pale oclireous ; cilia grey. Posterior 
 wings pale grey, with pale greyish-fuscous cilia. 
 
 Taken occasionally iu July in weedy banks, but scarce. 
 
OULECHIA. 125 
 
 54. junctella, Dougl. But. Tran s. i. n. s. 103 (1851). Alis an- 
 tieis albido-griseis, apiccra versus saturate; fuscis, costam versus rufo- 
 brunneo-nebulosis, macula costali plicam tangenle ante medium, puncto 
 disci pone medium nigris, macula rufo-brunnea, ante fasciam parum 
 curvatam albidam. Exp. al. 4J- lin. 
 
 Head shining bronze. Face paler. Palpi dark fuscous, internally 
 whitish. Antenna; whitish, annulatcd with dark fuscous. Anterior 
 wings whitish-grey, towards the costa rather clouded with reddish-brown, 
 with a black costal spot before the middle reaching to the fold, and a 
 small black spot on the disc beyond the middle, followed by a reddish- 
 brown blotch; beyond this is a pale yellowish-while, slightly curved 
 fascia ; the apical portion of the wing is almost entirely dark fuscous, 
 nearly black ; cilia grey. Posterior wings greyish-fuscous ; cilia paler. 
 
 Has occurred in Eppiiig and Hainault Forests, on the trunks 
 of oaks, in August. 
 
 55. vicinella, Dougl. Ent. Trans, i. n. s. 102 (1851). Alis anti- 
 cis fuscis, maculis una prope basini, altera obliqna costali ante medium, 
 tertia posteriore disci nigris, plaga magna sinuata dorsi (anlice costam 
 laugeute) albida, maculis poslicis oppositis albidis. Exp. al. fl lin. 
 
 Head greyish-fuscous. Pace pale oehrcous. Palpi fuscous, inter- 
 nally pale oehrcous ; terminal joint dark fuscous. Antenna; dark fus- 
 cous, with paler annulations. Anterior wings dark fuscous, with a 
 black spot near the base, an oblique black blotch before the middle of the 
 costa, and a black blotch on the disc beyond the middle ; on the inner 
 margin is a large yellowish-white blotch extending from near the base to 
 beyond the middle, at first it almost touches the costa (there appearing 
 as a fascia), but beyond it is much indented with the dark ground- 
 colour, but posteriorly it again widens and crosses the fold ; towards 
 the hinder margin are two whitish opposite spots, of which the costal 
 spot is rather posterior ; cilia pale fuscous. Posterior wings whitish- 
 grey, with pale fuscous cdia. 
 
 Three specimens only have occurred ; these were found at Bel- 
 fast and Brighton, in August and September. In my own and 
 Mr. Douglas's collections. 
 
 56. Hubneri, Haw. L.B. 551 (1829) ; Step.; Dougl. Alis an- 
 ticis albido-griseis, dilute roseo-suffusis, macula costa basim versus, cum 
 macula plica; ante medium {fere striata obliquam formante), punctis duo- 
 bus disci, altero ante, altera (cum striata supra plicam counexo), pone 
 medium nigris; nebula costa; pone medium saturate fusca, fascia pos- 
 tica parum angulata ct deutala albida. Exp. al. 6 lin. 
 
 Head and face whitish-grey. Palpi pale fuscous, internally whitish ; 
 terminal joint dark fuscous, internally whitish. Antennas whitish, with 
 fuscous annulations. Anterior wings whitish-grey, with a slight rosy 
 tint, with a black spot on the costa not far from the base, and obliquely 
 beyond it a larger black spot on I lie fold (Hie two nearly forming an ob- 
 lique striga) ; on the disc arc two small black spots, one before, the 
 
126 QELECHIDiE. 
 
 other beyond (he middle, the latter is connected with a short transverse 
 black streak above the fold ; on the costa beyond the middle is a dark 
 fuscous blotch, followed by a slightly angulated, rather indented whitish 
 fascia ; the hinder margin and apex of the costa are varied with whitish 
 and black scales ; cilia pale fuscous. Posterior wings grey, with grey- 
 ish-fuscous cilia. 
 
 A scarce species ; most of our specimens have been taken in 
 the north of England, on the trunks of oaks in July and August. 
 
 57. marmorea, Haw. L. B. 553 (1829); Step.; Curt.; Dougl. 
 — Manniella, Zell. ? Alis anticis angustulis riifo-brunueis,fusco-suffusis, 
 dorso dilution', punctis duobus albidis cum duobus aliis saturate fuscis 
 alternantibus supra plicain, stria nigra disci in medio, fascia podica fere 
 recta, pa riim obUgua, ct interrupts albida. Exp. al. 5 -J liu. 
 
 Head and face pale greyish-fuscous. Palpi dark fuscous, internally 
 whitish. Antenna? fuscous. Anterior wings rather narrow, reddish- 
 brown, suffused with fuscous, the inner margin paler, with two whitish 
 spots above the fold, each preceded by a dark fuscous spot (the first 
 not far from the base, the other in the middle of the wing) ; above the 
 second is a black streak on the disc ; towards the hinder margin is a 
 nearly straight, rather oblique, slightly interrupted, whitish fascia ; the 
 hinder margin is dark fuscous ; cilia greyish-ochrcous, varied with fus- 
 cous. Posterior wings pale grey, with greyish-ochreous cilia. 
 
 Common on sandy coasts, amongst the short grass, from June 
 to September. 
 
 58. instabilella, Dougl. Zool. 1270. f. 10 (184fi). Alis anticis 
 rufo-ochreis, stria obliqua costa ante medium fusca, in plicain desinente, 
 punctis tribus plica, tribus disci saturate fuscis, fascia postica dilutiore 
 angulata obsoleta. Exp. al. 7 lin. 
 
 Head and face greyish-ochreous. Palpi pale oehreous, beneath fus- 
 cous. Antenna? pale fuscous, with darker annulations. Anterior wings 
 reddish-ochreous, with a short oblique fuscous streak from the costa be- 
 fore the middle, not reaching beyond the fold ; on t/te fold are three 
 black spots, the space between the first and second is greater than that 
 between the second and the third, which latter is in the middle of the 
 wing ; on the disc are three dark fuscous spots, the first a little beyond 
 the second spot of the fold, the other two very near together beyond the 
 middle ; the pale angulated fascia is rather indistinct ; beyond it the api- 
 cal portion of the wing is clouded with fuscous ; the hinder margin and 
 apex of the costa are spotted with dark fuscous ; cilia greyish-ochre- 
 ous, varied with fuscous. Posterior wings whitish-grey, with ochreous- 
 grey cilia. 
 
 Occurs on the coast in July and August ; St. Osyth and Brigh- 
 ton. Mr. Douglas bred this species last autumn from larva) he 
 found at Brighton, in August, feeding on Salicornia herbacea and 
 C/ienopodium maritimum. 
 
OELECHIA. 127 
 
 59. Atriplicella, P. v. R. 333. pi. 78 (1839); Dougl.; Dup.P Alia 
 anticis griseo-fuscis, stria obliqua saturatiore coda: ante medium, plicam 
 tangente, punctis tribus plicte, duobus disci saturate fuscis, fascia postica 
 dilutiore angulata subdistincta. Exp. al. 7 lin. 
 
 Head and face greyish-fuscous. Palpi fuscous, internally pale 
 ochrcous. Antenna? fuscous. Anterior wing9 greyish-fuscous, with a 
 darker oblique streak from the costa not far from the base, reaching to 
 the fold ; along the fold are three dark fuscous spots, and on the disc 
 are two others obliquely above the second and third of the fold, the 
 last being a little beyond the middle of the wing ; the pale hinder fascia 
 is not very distinct, it is angulated ; the hinder margin and apex of 
 the costa are varied with pale and dark fuscous ; cilia pale fuscous. 
 Posterior wings pale greyish-fuscous, with paler cilia. 
 
 Common in July and August, in many places, among Atriplex 
 and Chetwpodium. The larva feeds from May to July, on the 
 leaves and flowers of those plants. 
 
 60. obsoletella, P. v. 11. 225. pi. 79 (1840); Dougl.; Dup.— 
 elongella, W. V. ? Hub. ? Alis anticis dilute grkeo-ochreis, fuscescente- 
 suffusis, puncto plica?, punctoque uno posteriore disci ante medium, 
 punctis duobus disci pone medium, interdum conuexis, fuscis, fascia postica 
 dilutiore angulata indistineta. Exp. al. 6 lin. 
 
 Head ami face pale greyish-ochrcous. Palpi pale greyish-ochreous, 
 with a dark fuscous ring before the apex of the terminal joint. An- 
 tenna: pale greyish-ochreous, annulated with dark fuscous. Anterior 
 wings pale greyish-ochreous, more or less clouded with pale fuscous ; on 
 the fold before the middle is a fuscous spot ; on the disc is another 
 rather posterior, and beyond the middle are two smaller fuscous spots on 
 the disc (the posterior being nearer the inner margin), and in some spe- 
 cimens they are united; the pale angulated fascia is rather indistinct; 
 the hinder margin and apex of the costa are spotted with pale fuscous ; 
 cilia pale ochrcous. Posterior wings whitish, with pale ochreous 
 cilia. 
 
 Abundant in the Isle of Portland in August, among Chenopo- 
 dium maritimum. The larva (according to Pischer) feeds from 
 May to August in the stems of Atriplex and Chenupodium. 
 
 61. littorella, Dougl. Ent. Trans, i. n. s. 67 (1850). Alis anti- 
 cis albidis, leviter fusco-suffusk, linea plicre lineaque disci pone medium 
 lutescentibus, ntraque punctis duobus nigris nolala, basi costac, punctoque 
 prope costam ante medium fuscis. Exp. al. 5.^ lin. 
 
 Head and face whitish-grey. Palpi pale grey; terminal joint 
 darker. Antenna whitish, annulated with fuscous. Anterior wings 
 whitish, slightly suffused with pale fuscous, icith a yellowish streak on the 
 fold, and one on the disc beyond the middle; on each of these streaks are 
 ttoo black spots ; the base of the costa is fuscous, and a fuscous spot 
 lies not far from the costa before the middle of the wing ; cilia yellow- 
 ish-white. Posterior wings greyish-white, with yellowish cilia. 
 
128 oEi.Komn.-K. 
 
 Taken by Mr. Stevens, in May. on the coast of the Isle of 
 Wight. 
 
 82. sequax, Haw. L. B. 552 (1829); Step.; Dougl.— apiristri 
 gella, Dup. P Mis antic&afoscia, fascia obUqua ante medium ad dorsum 
 dilaiata (introrsum costam versus nigro-squamata),/iwctaque postica 
 obsoleta dilute griseis, punctis duobus disci in medio, punctis duobus 
 ante fasciara posticam (altero dorsum versus, altero transversali disci), 
 lineolaque apicis nigris. Exp. al. G lin. 
 
 Head and face whitish-grey. Palpi whitish j terminal joint with 
 two black rings. Antennae whitish, annulated with dark fuscous. 
 Anterior wings fuscous, toilh ait oblique pole grey fascia before the mid- 
 dle, broadest on the inner inartful, internally with some black scales from 
 the costa to the fold ; towards the hinder margin is a rather indistinct 
 straight pale grey fascia ; on the disc in the middle are two small black 
 spots, two other black spots (one near the inner margin, the other 
 transversely placed on the disc) precede the hinder fascia; towards 
 the apex is a short black streak ; cilia greyish-fuscous. Posterior wings 
 pale grey, with paler cilia. 
 
 Occurs at Sanderstead and Arthur's Seat, in July and August, 
 among Ueliantliemum vulgar e. The larva (first observed by Mr. 
 Logan) feeds in the terminal shoots of that plant in May and 
 June. 
 
 03. aleella, Fab. E. S. iii. 2. 317. 136 (1794); Zell— altemella, 
 Iliib. ; Step. — allerna, Haw. — bicolorella, Treit. ; Dup. xi. pi. 298. f. 4. 
 Mis anticis niveis, fascia obliqua ante medium, maculis quatuor (dua- 
 bus cost.e, tcrtia dorsi, quarta apicalis), punctis disci, marginisquc pos- 
 tici nigris. Exp. al. lin. 
 
 Head and face white, l'alpi white; terminal joint with two black 
 rings. Antenna: whitish, annulated with black. Anterior wings snowy- 
 while, with black markings ; viz. a slight interrupted striga very near the 
 base, an oblique fascia a little beyond, a triangular spot on the costa 
 before the middle, a small round spot opposite to it on the fold, a spot 
 on the costa beyond the middle, a nearly triangular spot opposite to it 
 on the inner margin (between them is a small spot on the disc), a large 
 spot towards the apex of the wing, and several small spots along the 
 hinder margin; cilia grey. Posterior wings grey, with paler cilia. 
 
 Occurs on the trunks of oaks in May and June, at West, Wick- 
 ham Wood ; not common. It is easily seen from a distance, from 
 the strong contrast of the black markings on a white ground. 
 
 04. leucatella, Linn. E. S. 1444 (1701); Fab.j iliib. Tin. 146; 
 Treit. ; Step. ; Zell.; Dup.? — leucalea, Haw. — albocingidella, Dup. 
 Mis anticis nigricantibus, punctis soabris atris, fascia lata obliqua ante 
 medium, maculisque duabus posticis oppositis albis. Exp. al. 6j lin. 
 
 Head and face white. Palpi white ; terminal joint with two pale 
 fuscous rings. Antenna; black, with whitish anuidations. Anterior 
 
GELECHTA. 129 
 
 wings blackish, with a broad rather oblique white fascia before the 
 middle, narrower towards the costa, and with two opposite white spots 
 (of which that on the inner margin is the larger and slightly posterior) 
 towards the hinder margin ; on the fold on each side of the fascia is a 
 raised deep black spot, and a third is a little above the fold beyond the 
 middle ; on the hinder margin and apex of the costa are some minute 
 black spots; cilia dark fuscous. Posterior wings grey, with paler cilia. 
 Frequents hawthorn hedges in June and July. The larva (ac- 
 cording to Lienig) feeds in May between united apple-leaves, in a 
 felted mass, which bears a resemblance to moss. 
 
 65. albiceps, Zell. Isis, 1839. p. 202. — nana, Haw. — aleella, Step. 
 Alis anticis griseo-nigris, puncto cost;e basali albido, fascia obliqua ante 
 medium, in medio attenuate, in dorsum valde dilatata, macula in medio 
 costte, macidisque posticis oppositis per lineam in fasciam angulatani 
 conncxis albis. Exp. al. 5-5} lin. 
 
 Head and face white. Palpi white ; terminal joint with two black 
 rings. Antennae white, annulatcd with black. Anterior wings greyish- 
 black, with a small whitish spot at the base of the costa, an oblique 
 while fascia before the middle, extremely attenuated on the fold, but 
 much expanded on the inner margin ; on the middle of the costa is a 
 white spot; and beyond arc two opposite while spots, connected by a 
 slender line, so as to form an angulatcd fascia ; beyond this is an irre- 
 gular black spot ; several black spots arc on the disc, but indistinct 
 from the deep ground-colour ; cilia whitish, with some fuscous lines. 
 Posterior wings grey, with greyish-fuscous cilia. 
 
 Occurs, not uncommonly, on fences round orchards in August. 
 
 66. nanella, Hi'ib. Tin. 267(1812); Zell.; Dup. ; W. V. ?— nam, 
 var. (3. Haw. Alis anticis griseis, fusco-pulveratis, fascia obliqua prope 
 basira, maeulis duabus costas (altera ante, altera pone medium), linek 
 duabus posticis longilitdiua/ibus disci, punctisque rotundis plicaiu versus, 
 fere connexis, saturate fuscis. Exp. al. 5.V lin. 
 
 Head and face white, mixed with grey. Palpi while ; terminal 
 joint with two dark fuscous rings. Antennas white, annulatcd with 
 black. Anterior wings greyish, powdered with fuscous, with several 
 dark fuscous markings, viz. an oblique fascia arising on the costa near 
 the base, a small spot on the costa before the middle, and a smaller 
 spot on the costa beyond the middle ; on the disc is a short, longitudinal 
 streak, nearly in the middle, and another follows beyond the middle, two 
 small round spots lie immediately below these streaks ; the hinder 
 margin is dark fuscous ; cilia whitish, with some fuscous lines. Pos- 
 terior wings pale grey, with paler greyish-fuscous cilia. 
 
 Not uncommon in orchards in July. The larva (detected by 
 Mr. Wing) feeds in May on the pear, making a gallery across the 
 flowers, with pieces of the petals and stamens interwoven with 
 silk. 
 
130 GELECIIID.F.. 
 
 07. Mouffetella, W. V. 140. 57 (1776); Hub. Tin. 245 ; Traits 
 Step.; Dongl. ; Linn.? Fab.? — punclifcra, Haw. Alis nntiois rufes- 
 cente-cinereis, punctis duobus conspicuis ante medium (altero plica;, altera 
 posteriorc disci), punctisque duobus approximatis oblique posilis, disci, 
 pone medium nigris, fascia postica dilutiore angulata vakle indistincta. 
 Exp. al. 8 lin. 
 
 Head and face pale grey. Palpi grey, beneath darker ; terminal 
 joint paler, with a broad fuscous ring before the apex. Antenna; pale 
 grey, with fuscous annulations. Anterior wings pale ashy -grey, with a 
 slight reddish tinge, with some indistinct black spots towards the base, 
 along the fold and along the subcostal vein ; nearly in the middle of the 
 wing are two conspicuous black spots, one on the fold, the other, rather 
 posterior, on the disc ; beyond the middle are two other conspicuous black 
 spots, nearer together, but more obliquely placed ; beyond them may 
 sometimes be seen faint indications of a pale angulatcd fascia ; some 
 small black spots arc on the hinder margin and apex of the costa ; 
 cilia greyish-fuscous. Posterior wings grey, with greyish -fuscous 
 cilia. 
 
 Occurs in hedges among honeysuckle in June and July, but 
 not frequently met with. The larva feeds in May, between united 
 leaves of the honeysuckle, forming a white silken web, which fits 
 tightly to its body. 
 
 08. dodecella, Linn. S. N. (10) 539. 374 (1758); DeGeer; 
 Eab. ; Zcll. ; Dougl. — annidicornis, Step. — favillaticella, Zell. — Reussi- 
 ella, Eatz. Alis anticis griseis, fasciis quatuor nebulosis saturatioribus, 
 punctis scabris tribus plica majoribus, tribus disci minoribus nigris. Exp. 
 al. 6| lin. 
 
 Head and face grey. Palpi grey ; terminal joint with two darker fus- 
 cous rings. Antenna; grey, annulated with dark fuscous. Anterior wings 
 grey, with four darker cloudy fascia; (one at the base, one before, another 
 beyond the middle, and the fourth towards the hinder margin) ; along 
 the fold are three distinct raised black spots, and on the disc above them 
 are three others, less sharply defined ; between the third and fourth 
 cloudy dark fascia the ground-colour appears as a pale angulatcd fascia ; 
 on the hinder margin and apex of the costa arc some short black 
 streaks ; cilia grey. Posterior wings greyish-fuscous, with paler cilia. 
 
 Very common among Scotch firs (Finns sylvestris) in June and 
 July. The larva feeds in May in the terminal shoots of those 
 trees. 
 
 09. triparella, Zell. Isis, 1839. p. 200; Dup. ?— dodecea, Haw. 
 — dodecella, Step. Alis anticis sordide ochreis, apicc fusco-nebulosis, 
 nebulis tribus costa; fuscis, punctis sex disci per paria ohliqua disposilis 
 nigris, fascia postica dilutiore angulata. Exp. al. (>.} lin. 
 
 Head and face greyish-ochrcous. Palpi greyish-ochreous ; terminal 
 joint paler, with two black rings. Antenna; ochreous, annulated with 
 dark fuscous. Anterior wings dingy -ochreous, the costa with three cloudy 
 
GELECHIA. 131 
 
 fuscous spots (one at the base, the secoud in the middle, the third be- 
 yond the middle) ; along the disc are three pairs of black spots (the first 
 not far from the base, the second in the middle, and the third pair be- 
 yond the middle) ; in each pair the lower spot is posterior to the upper 
 spot ; beyond them is a faint angulated pale fascia ; the apical portion 
 of the wing is rather suffused with fuscous, with some dark fuscous 
 spots round the margin ; cilia pale ochreous. Posterior wings pale 
 grey, with greyish-ochreous cilia. 
 
 Not scarce among oaks in May and June. The larva feeds in 
 August and September between united oak-leaves, fastening them 
 by several strong silken cables. 
 
 70. tenebrella, Hub. Tin. 434 (1816); Treit.j Dup.; Zell. ; 
 Dougl. — subcuprella, Step. — nnieolorella, Dup. Alis auticis viridi- 
 aneis, purpureo-tinctk, antennis unicoloribusfuscis. Exp. al. 5-J- lin. 
 
 Head and face bronzy, with a purplish tint. Palpi bronzy. An- 
 tenna; unannulatcd, unicolorous fuscous. Anterior wings unicolorous 
 bronzy-green, with more or less of a purple lint ; cilia fuscous. Poste- 
 rior wings greyish, with paler cilia. 
 
 Common on dry gravelly and sandy banks in many places, in 
 June. 
 
 71. texiebrosella (F. v. R.), Zell. Isis, 1839. p. 201; Dougl. 
 Alis anticis viridi-aneis, purpureo-linctis, auteunis fuscis apice albo. 
 Exp. al. 5 lin. 
 
 Head shining bronzy, with a slight purplish tint. Face and palpi 
 bronzy. Antenna; dark fuscous, unannulated, icith the tip white. An- 
 terior wings unicolorous shining bronzy-green, with a purple lint ; cilia 
 fuscous. Posterior wings pale grey, with greyish cilia. 
 
 Less common than tenebrella, but frequenting the same locali- 
 ties in June and July. 
 
 72. ligulella, Zell. Isis, 1839, p. 201 ; Dougl. ; W. V. ?—cinctella, 
 Linn. ? — vorticella, Scop. ? Treit. ? Dup. ? — albistrigella, Slep. Alis an- 
 ticis nigris, basim versus via dilutioribus, fascia lenui vix obliqua alba 
 pone medium, sublus prater nmculam costa minulam evanescente. Exp. 
 al. 6 lin. 
 
 Head dark fuscous. Face greyish-fuscous. Palpi pale yellowish ; 
 terminal joint dark fuscous, with a whitish line on each side. Antennae 
 white, annulated with dark fuscous. Anterior wings black, towards the 
 base hardly paler, with a slender white fascia beyoud the middle, placed 
 rather obliquely, being nearer the base on the inner margin ; cilia black- 
 ish. Posterior wings grey, with greyish-fuscous cilia. On the under- 
 side the fascia of the anterior wings only appears as a small spot on the 
 costa. 
 
 Not uncommon in flowery meadows in June and July. The 
 larva (according to Tischer) feeds between united leaves of Lotus 
 comiculalus in May. 
 
132 CELECIllU.E. 
 
 73. vorticella, Zell. Isis, 1839. p. 201 j Dougl. Alis anticis ni- 
 gris, basim versus vix dilutioribus, fascia fere recta, alba pone medium 
 sublus prceler maculam cadre minutam evauescente. Exp. al. 5 \ lin. 
 
 Head dark fuscous. Face grey. Palpi pale yellowish ; terminal 
 joint fuscous, with a white line on each side. Antenna; whitish, annu- 
 lated with dark fuscous. Anterior wings black, towards the base hardly 
 paler, with a nearly straight white fascia beyond the middle, broader on 
 the costa than on the inner margin ; cilia blackish. Posterior wings 
 greyish-fuscous, with paler cilia. On the underside, the fascia of the 
 anterior wings only appears as a small spot on the costa. 
 
 Taken near Pcmbury by Mr. Weir, and near Epping by Mr. 
 Doubleday, in June. The larva (according to Zellcr) feeds in 
 May on Genista tinctoria. 
 
 74. taeniolella (Treit.), Zell. Isis, 1839. p. 201; Dougl.— cinc- 
 tella, Step. ? Alis anticis nigris, basim versus dilutioribus, fascia fere 
 recta alba pone medium, subtus distincla et in maculam albidam alarum 
 poslicarum coutinuata. Exp. al. 5-.} lin. 
 
 Head dark fuscous. Pace greyish-fuscous. Palpi pale yellowish ; 
 terminal joint dark fuscous, with a whitish line on each side. Antenna: 
 white, annulated with dark fuscous. Anterior wings black, towards 
 the base rather paler, with a nearly straight whitish fascia beyond the 
 middle, of variable breadth ; cilia blackish. Posterior wings dark grey- 
 ish-fuscous, with paler cilia. On the underside, the fascia of the ante- 
 rior wings is distinct throughout, and is continued as a whitish spot on 
 the posterior wings. 
 
 Commoner than either of the preceding in chalky places ; occurs 
 at Sanderstead and Mickleham, in July. 
 
 75. Sircomella, n. sp. Alis anticis nigricantibus, postice airis, 
 punclo alro plica ante medium; antennis in dorso toto-fuscis, infra albo- 
 punctatis. Exp. al. 4£ lin. 
 
 Head and face dark grey. Palpi fuscous, internally ashy. Antenna; 
 entirely fuscous above, beneath spotted with white. Anterior wings 
 dark greyish-fuscous, posteriorly shading into black, with a black spot on 
 the fold before the middle of the wing; cilia dark fuscous. Posterior 
 wings greyish-fuscous, with paler cilia. 
 
 Two specimens in Mr. Vaughan's collection, taken near Bristol, 
 in June. The first was taken by Mr. Sircom (who considered it 
 as a singular variety of taeniolella). 
 
 10. immaculatella, Dougl. Ent. Trans, i. n. s. 67 (1850). Alis 
 anticis nitidis, fusco-nigris, punclo obsoleto plicce, punctoque posteriore 
 disci saturalioribus. Exp. al. 5 lin. 
 
 Head and face greyish-brown. Palpi grey ; terminal joint fuscous. 
 Antennae unannulated fuscous. Anterior wings shining unicolorous 
 fuscous-black (" with a violet tinge when alive," Dougl. MS.), with a 
 minute nearly obsolete dark spot on the middle of the fold, and another 
 
GELECUIA. 133 
 
 posterior to it on the disc ; cilia rather paler. Posterior wings whitish- 
 grey, with yellowish-grey cilia. 
 
 Unique in Mr. Douglas's collection ; taken at West AVickham 
 wood in August, 1849. 
 
 77. nigritella, Zell. Isis, 1847. p. 857 ; Dougl. Alis anticis an- 
 guslulis fusco-nigris, maculis poslicis oppositis obsoletis lutescentibus, cos- 
 tali obliqua ac posteriore, puncto in medio plica? rainutissimo lutescente ; 
 anlennis fuscis, non annulatis. Exp. al. 6 lin. 
 
 Head dark fuscous. Face grey. Palpi grey ; terminal joint black. 
 Antenna unicolorous fuscous. Anterior wings rather narrow, blackish, 
 with two very faint yellowish opposite spots beyond the middle, of which 
 that on the costa is decidedly posterior and rather oblique ; about the 
 centre of the fold is a very minute linear yellowish dot ; cilia greyish- 
 fuscous. Posterior wings pale grey, with pale fuscous cilia. 
 
 A specimen, of the capture of which there is no record, is in 
 Mr. Douglas's collection. 
 
 78. Coronillella (Tischer), Trcit. E. S. ix. 2. 87. 1833; Dup.; 
 Dougl. Alis anticis fusco-nigris, postice nigris, maculis poslicis parvis 
 oppositis costali majore via posteriore albidis ; anlennis albidis fusco-an- 
 nulatis. Exp. al. B$ lin. 
 
 Head dark fuscous. Face pale grey. Palpi grey ; terminal joint 
 dark fuscous, with a white line on each side. Antenna whitish, annu- 
 lated with black. Anterior wings fuscous-black, posteriorly darker ; 
 beyond the middle are two small whitish opposite spots, of which that 
 on the costa is the larger and slightly posterior ; cilia fuscous. Poste- 
 rior wings unusually broad, greyish-fuscous, with paler cilia. 
 
 Not common ; occurs at Mickleham in June and July. The 
 larva (according to Tischer) feeds between united leaves of Coro- 
 nilla varia. 
 
 79. Anthyllidella, Hub. Tin. 330 (1816); Zell.; Dup.; Dougl. 
 Alis anticis nigris, puncto minulo, interdum obsolete, in. medio plica, 
 puuetis posticis oppositis (costali majore ac posteriore) Jlavescentibm ; 
 antennis in dorso toto-fuscis, infra albo-punctatis. Exp. al. 5 J- lin. 
 
 Head dark fuscous. Face grey. Palpi grey ; terminal joint dark 
 fuscous, with a white Hue on each side. Antennas entirely fuscous 
 above, beneath spotted with whitish ; the basal joint beneath with a 
 white streak. Anterior wings black, with a minute yellow spot on the 
 middle of the fold (frequently almost obsolete), and beyond the middle 
 arc two yellow opposite spots, that on the inner margin being very in- 
 distinct, that on the costa larger and rather posterior ; cilia dark fus- 
 cous. Posterior wings grey, with greyish-fuscous cilia. 
 
 Common in May and August among several papilionaceous 
 plants. The larva feeds in April and July in a turned-down leaf, 
 which it eats half through, i have found it on Onobrychis, An- 
 thyllis, and purple clover. 
 
134 GELECHID.-E. 
 
 80. atrella, Haw. L. B. 567 (1839) ; Dougl. ; Schr. P Alia au- 
 ticis nitidis, saturate fuscis, maculis poslicis opposilis (coslali posteriore) 
 luteis ; antennis fuscis obsolete dilutius amiulatis. Exp. al. 5-5 1 lin. 
 
 Head dark fuscous. Face pale grey. Palpi yellowish. Antenna 
 fuscous, with hardly perceptible paler anuulations. Anterior wings 
 shining, dark fuscous, with iioo yellowish spots beyond Ike middle, one on 
 the inner margin at the anal angle, the other beyond it on the costa ; 
 cilia fuscous. Posterior wings pale grey, with greyish-ochreous cilia. 
 
 Occurs in various localities iu July ; generally among furze- 
 bushes. 
 
 81. bifractella (Mann), Dougl. Ent. Trans, i. n. s. GG (1850). 
 Alis anticis late britnneis, macula dorsali prope basira, striata plica me- 
 dia;, fasciaque poslica valde dentata, auraniiis, punctis duobus in striola 
 plicae saturate fuscis; capile,f route, palpisque aurantus. Exp. al. i\- 
 5£ lin. 
 
 Head, face, and palpi orange. Antennae fuscous, with hardly percep- 
 tible paler anuulations. Anterior wings brown, with a spot on the 
 inner margin near the base, a streak in the middle of the fold, and a 
 much indented fascia towards the hinder margin orange ; in the streak 
 on the fold are two minute dark fuscous spots; cilia greyish-brown. 
 Posterior wings fuseous, with paler cilia. 
 
 Not scarce in July and August among Inula di/senterica and 
 Conyza squamosa. The larva feeds during the winter in the seeds 
 of those plants, agglomerating them by some glutinous secretion, 
 and preventing them from falling. 
 
 83. suffusella, Dougl. Ent. Trans, i. n. s. 64 (1850). Alis anti- 
 cis albido-ochreis, poslice saturalioribus, piinclo minuto costa pone 'me- 
 dium, punctoque posteriore disci, subeli'valis uigris. Exp. al. 6 lin. 
 
 Head and face whitish. Palpi whitish ; terminal joint with a dark 
 fuscous ring before the apex. Antennae whitish, aunulated with fus- 
 cous. Anterior wings whitish-ochreous, posteriorly darker, toith a small 
 black spot on the costa at the commencement of the cilia, and one rather 
 posterior to it on the disc {both, but particularly the costal spot, slightly 
 raised) ; cilia whitish-ochreous. Posterior wings greyish-white, with 
 pale ochrcous cilia. 
 
 Occurs in the Cambridgeshire fens in June. 
 
 83. lucidella, Step. II. iv. 221 (1834) j Curt.; Dougl. Alis an- 
 ticis ochreis, prater spalium oblongum supra unguium analem, brunneo- 
 euffuaii, puncto postico saturate fusco. Exp. al. 6} lin. 
 
 ' Head and face brown. Palpi ochreous ; terminal joint fuscous. 
 Antennae fuscous, with hardly perceptible pale anuulations. Anterior 
 wings dark ochreous, suffused, with the exception of an oblong patch above 
 the anal angle, with brown ; at the hinder end of this oblong patch is a 
 dark fuscous or black spot ; cilia varied ochreous and brown, at the 
 anal angle greyish-ochreous. Posterior wings grey, with paler cilia. 
 
GELECHIA. 135 
 
 Appears in July, frequenting wet places, such as the Hammer- 
 smith marshes. 
 
 84. lutulentella, Zell. Isis, 1839. p. 201 ; Dougl. Alis anticis 
 unicoloribus ochreo-brunneis, punclo postico disci fusco. Exp. al. 8 lin. 
 
 Head, face, and palpi ochreous-brown. Antennaj fuscous, with 
 hardly perceptible paler annulations. Anterior wings unicolorous ochre- 
 ous-brown, with a small fuscous spot on the disc above the anal angle ; 
 cilia brownish-ochreous. Posterior wings whitish, with dark ochreous 
 cilia. 
 
 Three specimens have occurred ; one I took at Ham Common, 
 and another at Dart ford Heath, in July; Mr. A. Hill met with 
 one near Bristol. 
 
 85. cerealella, Oliv. Encycl. Method. Ent. i. p. 121 (1789); 
 Lara. ; I)up. ; Bougl. Alis anticis angustis acuminatis, obscure ochreis, 
 poslice saluralioribus, punctis noiinullis indistinctis plicae fuscis. Exp. 
 al. fi.V lin. 
 
 Head and face whitish. Palpi pale yellowish ; terminal joint with 
 a fuscous ring before the apex. Antennae whitish, annulated with fus- 
 cous. Anterior wings narrow, pointed, dull ochreous, posteriorly a little 
 darker, with some indistinct fuscous spots on the fold ; cilia ochreous. 
 Posterior wings grey, with greyish-ochreous cilia. 
 
 Several specimens were bred last summer by Mr. Scott; pre- 
 viously the insect had been extremely rare with us. The larva 
 (according to Reaumur) feeds in winter in the interior of grains 
 of barley and wheat, preferring the former, and, forming its cocoon 
 within the grain, there assumes the pupa state. 
 
 86. nigricostella (P. v. P.), Bup. L. P. Sup. iv. 288. pi. 74. f. 9 
 (1842); Bougl. Alis anticis angustulis luteis, plica et disco aurantio- 
 suffusis, costa usque pone medium, apice, plagis dualnis dorsi (altera ante 
 medium, altera ad angulum analcm) saturate fuscis, punctis tribus (prirao 
 prope basim, secundo medio propc costam, tertio posteriorc prope dor- 
 sum) nigris. Exp. al. 5 lin. 
 
 Head and face yellowish. Palpi yellowish ; terminal joint with two 
 black rings. Antenna? yellowish, annulated with dark fuscous. An- 
 terior wings rather narrow, yellow, tinged, with orange along the fold and 
 on the disc ; the costa to beyond the middle, the apex, and two spots on the 
 inner margin (one before the middle, the other at the anal angle) are 
 dark fuscous ; near the base is a small black spot, a second lies near 
 the middle of the costa, and a third above the anal angle ; cilia yel- 
 lowish. Posterior wings pale grey, with yellowish cilia. 
 
 Taken by Mr. E. Shepherd, at Wicken Fen, Cambridgeshire, 
 at the end of June. 
 
 S7. gemmella, Linn. P. S. 1388 (1761); Id. S. N. ?— nivea, Haw. 
 — nivella, Step. — nigrovitlella, Bup. L. F. xi. pi. 298. f. 5. — lepidella, 
 
13G BB1E0HID*. 
 
 Zell. Alia anticis albidis, fusco-variegatis, maculis tribus parvis costse, 
 quatuor dorsi fuscis, macula terlia dorsi saturation, srepe cum terlia codes 
 infasciam connexa. Exp. al. 5 J- lin. 
 
 Head and face white. Palpi white ; terminal joint with two black 
 rings. Antennas white, annulatcd with black. Anterior wings whitish, 
 with numerous irregularly-formed fuscous spots, of which three are on 
 the costa (one at the base, one before, and the other beyond the mid- 
 dle), and four are on the inner margin (one at the base, very small, a 
 second before the middle, a third darker in the middle, reaching more 
 than half across the wing, and frequently uniting with the third costal 
 spot to form an oblique fascia, the fourth is at the anal angle) ; cilia 
 white, with some dark fuscous lines. Posterior wings grey, with grey- 
 ish-ochreous cilia. 
 
 Occasionally met with in mixed hedges in July and August, 
 but not common. 
 
 It is doubtful whether the gemmclla of the ' Systema Natura ' 
 be identical with that of the 'Fauna Suecica,' and as the "Habitat 
 intra Quercus folia snbeutanea" appears in the former, from which 
 it is copied, with the Diagnosis, in the ' Fauna Suecica/ it may 
 be that the larva of this species does not mine in oak-leaves. 
 The inference to be drawn from the specimen and pupa-skin in 
 the Linncan Cabinet, is that Linnaeus was acquainted with the 
 habitat of the larva. 
 
 88. nseviferella (Zell.), Dup. L. F. Sup. iv. 455. pi. 85. f. 4 
 (1842); Dougl. — Knockella, Haw.? Step.? — miscella, Haw.? Alis 
 anticis nigricantibus, fascia media obscura saturation;, puncto plicae 
 pone medium, triangulo parvo dorsi ad angulum analem, trianguloque 
 costas postcriorc aurcis. Exp. al. 4-4 .V lin. 
 
 Head and face bronzy-grey. Palpi dark fuscous. Antennae fuscous, 
 with hardly perceptible paler annulations. Anterior wings shining 
 dark bronzy-grey, inclining to black, with three small golden-yellow 
 spots (one on the fold beyond the middle, one rather triangular at the 
 anal angle, and a larger triangular spot posterior to it on the costa ; 
 below this latter a very small golden-yellow spot is sometimes per- 
 ceptible) ; cilia bronzy-grey, with the tips paler. Posterior wings grey, 
 with paler cilia. 
 
 Not uncommon in waste places where Atriplex and Chenopo- 
 dium grow, appearing in May and August; fine specimens are 
 rarely met with in the perfect state. The larva mines, in June 
 and October, in the leaves of the Atriplex and Chenopodinm, pre- 
 ferring those growing in sheltered places ; hence it is very partial 
 to those plants growing in stubble-fields, where, before the corn 
 was cut, it was completely sheltered; the places mined by it be- 
 come white. 
 
 89. Hermannella, Fab. S. I. ii. 509 (1781); Treit.; Dup.; 
 
GELEOHIA. 137 
 
 ZeW.—Sc/iafferella, Don. ; Step. ; Fab. ?—Zinckeella, Hub. Tin. f. 401, 
 402 ; Step. ? Alis anticis rufo-anrantiis, basi et margine postico nigris, 
 fascia ante medium, utrinque nigro-marginata, striisque tribus posticis 
 longitudinalibus argenteis. Exp. al. 4— 4.V lin. 
 
 1 lead and face bronzy-grey. Palpi yellow ; tip of the terminal joint 
 fuscous. Antenna; fuscous. Anterior wings reddish-orange, with the 
 base black ; a short oblique streak on the costa near the base, and a 
 small spot near the inner margin are silvery; before the middle is an 
 oblique silvery fascia, slightly margined with black ; beyond the middle 
 are three short longitudinal silvery streaks (one on the fold, one on the 
 disc, and one on the costa) ; on the costa before the apex is a short 
 oblique silvery streak, and some silvery scales are perceptible at the 
 anal angle and along the hinder margin, the remainder of the hinder 
 margin being black ; cilia dark fuscous. Posterior wings greyish-violet, 
 with paler cilia. 
 
 Pound at the same times and in the same places as the last. 
 The larva likewise mines the leaves of the same plant, but the 
 mined place is dirty greenish, with a mottled appearance. (The 
 assertion that this larva afterwards constructs a case of the blos- 
 som, in the 'Entomologists' Companion/ pp. G3 and GO, is in- 
 correct.) 
 
 90. pictella, Zell. Isis, 1839. p. 202 ; Dougl. Alis anticis nitidis, 
 saturate brunneis, strigulis duabus obliquis costse, fascia postica, punc- 
 tisque marginis postici argenteis ; capite palpisque albis ; antennis fus- 
 cis, apice alio. Exp. al. 5 lin. 
 
 Head, face, and palpi whitish. Antennae fuscous, with paler anuula- 
 tions, the tip entirety white. Anterior wings shining dark brown, with 
 two oblique 9ilvery streaks from the costa, not reaching beyond the 
 fold, an oblique silvery fascia towards the apex, and some silvery spots 
 along the hinder margin ; cilia fuscous. Posterior wings whitish, with 
 greyish cilia. 
 
 This pretty species appears in May and August; it has been 
 met with at Southend (in Essex), and on Barnes Common. 
 
 91. Brizella (Tischer), Treit. E. S. ix. 2. 173 (1833); Dup. L. F. 
 xi. pi. 306. f. B ; Dougl. Alis anticis flavidis, costain et marginem 
 posticum versus brunncscentibus, strigis quatuor angulatis ante dorsum 
 cvanescentibus argenteis, punctis duobus disci nigris. Exp. al. 5-£ lin. 
 
 Head and face ochreous, mixed with brownish. Palpi pale ochreous ; 
 second joint with two black rings ; the third with the base and two 
 rings black. Antenna; whitish, aunulatcd with dark fuscous. Anterior 
 wings yellowish-grey, with the costa and hinder margin brownish; on 
 the costa are four silvery streaks sloping obliquely outwards, and nearly 
 meeting some silvery scales on the inner margin, with which they would 
 form angulated striga; ; a black spot lies in the middle of the fold, and 
 another is on the disc beyond the middle, a smaller one is sometimes 
 
 vol. in. T 
 
138 GELECHIDJE. 
 
 perceptil)le on the inner margin at the end of the fold ; in the dark 
 hinder margin and apex of the costa are several silvery streaks ; cilia 
 pale greyish-fuscous, intersected by two dark fuscous lines. Posterior. 
 wings greyish-fuscous, with paler cilia. 
 
 Appears in (May? and) August; occurs on the coast among 
 Statiee Armeria at Southend and Brighton. The larva feeding in 
 autumn in the stems beneath the flower-heads of the Statiee. 
 
 92. ericinella, Dup. L. F. xi. 497. pi. 306. f. 1, 2 (1838); Zell. 
 — micella, Hub. ; Treit. Alis anticis rufis, costa fttsca, strigula costiB 
 basali, strigis duabus obliquis secunda cum striga recta ad dorsum con- 
 nexa viridi-argenteis, raaoulis posticis oppositis (costali distinctiore) 
 punctis marginis postici luteo-argcnteis. Exp. al. lin. 
 
 Head and face grey. Palpi fuscous; terminal joint yellowish, with 
 two brown rings. Antennas yellowish, annulated with fuscous. An- 
 terior wings reddish-brown, darker towards the costa, with a short streak 
 at the base of the costa, and two oblique strigic (the second meeting a 
 straight one on the inner margin) silvery-green ; before the apex are 
 two silvery yellow opposite spots which nearly meet (that on the costa 
 is the more distinct); along the hinder margin are several small spots 
 silvery-yellow; cilia fuscous. Posterior wings grey, with paler cilia. 
 
 Abundant on heaths in the south of England, in July. The 
 larva must feed on heath in June, Mr. Douglas having bred the 
 insect from a bunch of blooming heath he had gathered. 
 
 93. paupella, Zell. Isis, 1847. p. 858; Dougl. Alis anticis albis, 
 stria prope costam, striaque plica; a basi fere usque ad medium luteis, 
 stria disci pone medium, stria postica externc fusco-marginata luteis. 
 Exp. al. 5 1 lin. 
 
 Head, face, and palpi whitish. Antennre whitish, annulated with 
 fuscous. Anterior wings white, with a fine yellow streak from the base 
 near the costa, and a second fro:n the base along the fold, neither of 
 these reaches the middle of the wing; a third yellow streak lies on the 
 disc beyond the middle, and a fourth externally with some fuscous scales 
 lies near the hinder margin ; cilia whitish, with some fuscous scales 
 round the apex of the wing. Posterior wings pale grey, with yellowish- 
 grey cilia. 
 
 A single specimen in Mr. Douglas's collection, taken by him at 
 Folkstonc, in July. 
 
 94. inopella, Zell. Isis, 1839. p. 201; Dough— Inulella, Curt. 
 Alis anticis albidis, lineis disci, strigulaquc obliqua ante apicem ochra- 
 oeis. Exp. al. 4'— 5 lin. 
 
 Head, face, and palpi whitish. Antennas whitish, annulated with 
 fuscous. Anterior wings whitish, with several fine streaks on the disc, 
 and a broader transverse one before the apex dirty ochreous; cilia 
 whitish, with a dark fuscous line. Posterior wings pale grey, with 
 greyish-ochreous cilia. 
 
PAltASlA. 189 
 
 A scarce species; appears in June and July among Inula il/jscu- 
 terica; has occurred at Folkstone and near Bristol. Several spe- 
 cimens have heen bred from the flower-heads of the Inula, gathered 
 during the winter. 
 
 95. subocellea, Step. II. iv. 214 (1834); Dongl. — mtertiella, 
 Lieuig. Alis anticis albis, dorso fusco, costa apiccque fusco-nebulosis, 
 maculis duabus longis props unguium nnalem, liueisque oppositis ob- 
 liquis ante apicem saturate fuseis, puuelo apicis subocellalo n'ujro. Exp. 
 »il. 6-6-1 lin. 
 
 Head and face white. Palpi white, beneath fuscescent. Antennae 
 fuscous. Anterior wings white, with the inner margin fuscous, and 
 the costa and apex of the wing more or less clouded with fuscous ; near 
 the anal angle are two elongate dark fuscous spots, and before the apex 
 are two oblique opposite dark fuscous lines ; at the extreme apex is a 
 black spot, followed by tico dark lines in the whitish cilia. Posterior 
 wings pale grey, with greyish-ochreous cilia. 
 
 Common among marjoram {Origanum vulyare) in July. The 
 singular larva was first detected by Mr. Jordan, in August, feeding 
 on the flowers of the Origanum, and constructing a case of the 
 blossom, hence very difficult to distinguish from the blossoms when 
 in its young state ; as it increases in size, it enlarges its case by 
 the addition of other flowers, till by the middle of winter its case 
 will be found to consist of four or five flowers, inserted one in an- 
 other ; it is then easily detected on the dry flower-heads by those 
 who have had a little practice. The case has not the complete 
 finish of a Co/eophora case. 
 
 I low many similar instances of wonderful contrivance, to ensure 
 concealment, may yet remain undiscovered ! 
 
 Genus IX. PAR ASIA. 
 
 Pauasia, Dup. Cat. 350 (1844). Reciirvaria p., Haw. Cleodora p., 
 Step. Gelechia p., Zell. 
 
 Capilli depressi. Ocelli ludli. Antennae articnlis confertis, vix donti- 
 culatis. Haustellum mediocre, squamatum. Palpi niaxillares bre- 
 vissimi. Palpi labiates mediocres, retlexi, articulo secundo lougo 
 squamis appressis, tertio brevi squamis appressis, ipso apire Ireci aciinti- 
 nato. Ala; anteriores elongate, posteriorcs trapezoidales ante apicem 
 profunde eiaarginaUe, longe ciliata; ; anteriores : vena apicalis trifidn, 
 infra earn vena; quotum" e cellula discoidali ; posteriorcs : vena apica- 
 lis simplex in apicem exit, infra earn vena: duse e venula transversa, 
 cellula costal is ante medium desinente. 
 Head smooth. Ocelli none. Antenna' with the joints thickly set, 
 
140 GELECHIDiE. 
 
 hardly denticulate. Tongue of moderate length, clothed with scales. 
 Maxillary palpi very short. Labial palpi of moderate length, reflated ; 
 the second joint long, with oppressed scales ; the third joint short, with 
 oppressed scales, the extreme apex out// being smooth and pointed. Ante- 
 rior wings elongate ; posterior wings trapezoidal, deeply emarginate be- 
 low the apex, with long cilia. In the anterior wings the apical vein is 
 trlfid, two branches running into the costa and one into the hinder 
 margin, below it are four veins from the discoidal cell. In the pos- 
 terior wings the simple apical vein terminates in the prolonged apex ; 
 below it are two veins from the transverse vein ; the costal cell termi- 
 nates before the middle of the wing. 
 
 But few species (only four British) are yet known in this 
 genus ; but from the extremely retired habits of the perfect in- 
 sects of those that have been met with, it is by no means impro- 
 bable that several other species may hereafter be detected. I'a- 
 rasia Lappella was a rarity, and but in few collections, and had been 
 bred by no English collector, at the time that the authoress of the 
 ' Episodes of Insect Life ' published a notice of the habits of the 
 larva. Parasia Carlinella was entirely unknown till Mr. Douglas 
 bred it in abundance from the heads of Carlina vulgaris, gathered 
 at Folkstone, in December. 
 
 The mode of feeding of the larvae of these species is very dif- 
 ferent; both feed, it is true, in the heads of Composite plants, 
 but that of Lappelfa feeds on Arctium Lappa, eating through the 
 seeds (precisely resembling in habit the larva of Gelechia bifrac- 
 tella), whereas the larva of Carlinella, feeding in Carlina vulgaris, 
 leaves the seeds untouched and devours the receptacle below the 
 seeds. The habits of the larvae of P. Metznericlla and neuroplella 
 are not yet known. 
 
 1. Lappella, Linn. S. N. (10) 537. 260 (1758); Fab.; Loew, 
 E. Z. 1841. pi. i. f. 19-21. 1842. p. 257; Zell. E. Z. 1842. p. 251); 
 Dougl. — silacea, Haw. ; Curt. — silacella, Step. — mstivella, Zell. Isis, 
 1839. Alis anticis ochreis, macula oblonga costa; basali, macula parva 
 ante, maculaque pone medium costie, brunneis, margiue postico brun- 
 neo-suffuso, venis normullis grinds, punctis tribus disci uigris. Exp. al. 
 8 lin. 
 
 Head and face ochreous. Palpi pale ochrcous, beneath darker. An- 
 tennae fuscous, with darker annulations. Anterior wings ochreous, with 
 a long patch at the base of the costa, a small spot on the costa before 
 and one beyond the middle, brownish ; the hinder margin is suffused 
 with pale brownish; several of the veins appear grey ; on the disc are 
 three black spots (one on the fold before the middle, one beyond it nearer 
 the costa, and one at the end of the discoidal cell) ; cilia pale ochrcous, 
 darker near the hinder margin. Posterior wings grey, with ochreous- 
 grey cilia. 
 
1'AKASIA. 1-il 
 
 The perfect insect appears in June and July, but is rarely met 
 with. The larva is abundant in the seeds of burdock {Arctium 
 Lappa) in the autumn and winter. 
 
 2. Metzneriella (Dough), Sta. Sup. Cat. p. B (1851).— pauci- 
 punctella, Dough — silacea, var. /3. Haw. Alis anticis acuminatu sub- 
 falcatis dilute ochreis, costa margineque postico fusco-brunneove suf- 
 fusis, vents omnibus griscis, punclis tribus disci uigris. Exp. ah 7 lin. 
 
 Head and face pale ochreous. Palpi pale ochreous, beneath darker. 
 Antenna; pale fuscous, with darker annulations. Anterior wings narrow, 
 pointed, somewhat falcate, pale oclircous, suffused with brownish along 
 the costa and hinder margin, with all the veins grey, and with three black 
 spots on the disc (one on the fold a little before the middle, the second 
 beyond it towards the costa, and the third at the end of the discoidal 
 cell) ; before the dark hinder margin the pale ground-colour appeals as 
 an oblique fascia; cilia pale ochreous, darker near the hinder margin. 
 Posterior wings grey, with greyish-ochreous cilia. 
 
 Scarce, the food of the larva not having been detected ; occurs 
 at Charlton, Mickleham, etc., in July and August. 
 
 3. Carlinella (Dougl.), Sta. Sup. Cat. p. 5 (1851); Dough Alis 
 anticis dilute ochreis, costa late margineque postico fulvo-sufl'usis, dorso 
 et fascia poslica obliqua now sulfusis, veuis nonnullis griseo-squamatis. 
 Exp. ah (i-(i.\ lin. 
 
 Head and face pale ochreous. Palpi pale ochreous, beneath dark ochre- 
 ous. Antenna: brown, with pale ochreous annulations. Anterior wings 
 pale ochreous, suffused with fulvous along the costa and hinder margin; 
 before the latter the paler ground-colour of the wings forms au oblique 
 fascia; many of the veins are indicated by greyish scales; cilia pale 
 ochreous, with the tips and a line near the hinder margin fulvous. 
 Posterior wings grey, with paler cilia. 
 
 The perfect insect has been but rarely met with ; it appears in 
 July and August. The larva feeds during the winter in the re- 
 ceptacle of Carlina vulgaris, and is very plentiful at Eolkstone ; 
 also occurring at Mickleham. 
 
 4. neuropterella (F. v. K.), Zell. Isis, 1839. p. 202 ; Dup. L. F. 
 Sup, iv.pl. 72. f. 1 ; Dough Alis anticis ochreis, costa margineque pos- 
 tico cinnamomeis, veuis omnibus dist'uicle cinnamomeis. Exp. ah 8! lin. 
 
 Head and face dark ochreous. Palpi dark ochreous, beneath brown- 
 ish. Antcnuaj pale brown, with darker annulations. Anterior wings 
 ochreous, suffused with cinnamon-brown along the costa and towards 
 the hinder margin, with all the veins distinctly cinnamon-brown ; cilia 
 fuscous, with a darker line near the hinder margin. Posterior wings 
 bright grey, with greyish-fuscous cilia. 
 
 A scarce species, occurring in July and August, near Mickle- 
 ham and near Deal. 
 
142 iw.i.Ki ii 1 1) 1: 
 
 Genus X. CLEODORA. 
 
 Cleodora p., Curt. B. E. fo. 671 (1837). 
 
 Capilli deprcssi. Ocelli nulli. Antennae articulis elongatis (apicem 
 versus obtuse et remote dentate), orticulo basali elongate, Haustel- 
 lum mediocre, squamatum. Palpi labiales mediocres, articulo sc- 
 cundo infra scopiformi, pilis antice valde produciis, articulo terminal! 
 aculeiformi reflexo. Ala; clongataj, lonye cilia/re; posteriores ante 
 apicem prof'unde emarginata! ; auteriores : cellula discoidalis elon- 
 gata ; vena apicalis trijida, infra earn rami qnatuor; posteriores: 
 cellula costalis valde angusta ; vena subcostalis simplex ; medians 
 trifida. 
 
 Head smooth. Ocelli none. Antennse with elongate joints (towards 
 the apex obtusely and remotely dentate) ; basal joint elongate. Tongue 
 of moderate length, clothed with scales. Labial palpi moderately long ; 
 the second joint beneath like a brush, the hairs anteriorly much pro- 
 longed ; terminal joint slender, pointed, reflexed. Wings elongate, with 
 long cilia; the posterior deeply emarginatc before the apex. In the 
 anterior wings the discoidal cell is elongate, the apical vein Irijid, be- 
 neath it are four veins from the discoidal cell. In the posterior wings 
 the costal cell is extremely narrow ; the subcostal vein is simple ; the 
 median vein is trifid. 
 
 Although several species of this genus occur on the continent, 
 but one representative of it has yet been met with here. The 
 larva of none of the species are known. 
 
 1. Cytisella, Curt. B. E. fo. 671 (I831).—fuscipennis, Westvv.— 
 Walktriella, Dougl. Alis anticis lutescentibus, costam versus satura- 
 tioribus, vel brunnescentibus, strigulis posticis oppositis obliquis palli- 
 dis, costali longiore ac posteriore ; ciliis griseo-fuscis, apice bis satura- 
 tius-cinctis. Exp. al. B.V lin. 
 
 Head and face yellow. Palpi whitish-yellow. Antennas pale fus- 
 cous. Anterior wings yellowish, towards the costa darker, more or less 
 brownish, with two oblique opposite pale streaks towards the hinder 
 margin, that on the costa is the longer and rather posterior ; cilia 
 greyish-fuscous, with two dark lines running round the apex of the 
 wing. Posterior wings greyish-fuscous, with paler cilia. 
 
 This pretty species is not uncommon at Dartford Heath, in 
 July, amongst fern and broom ; it is rather restless in the net, 
 running about with its wings half expanded. 
 
 Genus XI. CHELARIA. 
 
 Ciielakia, Haw. L. B. 626 (1829) ; Curt. ; Step. ; Dup. Oelechia 
 p., Zell. 
 
ANAItslA. 143 
 
 Capilli depressi. Ocelli nulli. Antenna; nrtinilis confertis, vix denli- 
 eulntis. Haustellum mediocre, aquamatum. Palpi maxillarea brevis- 
 simi. Palpi labiales longi, reflexi, articulo secundo ii/fra in fascictt- 
 lum producto, terlio squamis appressis, apicem versus Ircvi acuminato. 
 Aire clongata;, posteriores ante apicem leviier sinualte, mediocriter 
 ciliatic. 
 - Head smooth. Ocelli none. Antenna; with the joints thickly set, 
 hardly denticulate. Tongue of moderate length, clothed with scales. 
 Maxillary palpi extremely short. Labial palpi long, rcflcxed ; the se- 
 cond joint beneath prolonged into a tuft ; the third joint with oppressed 
 scales, towards the apex smooth and pointed. Wings elongate ; the 
 posterior slightly sinuated before the apex, with moderately long cilia. 
 
 But one species is known in this genus; and although the per- 
 fect insect is not uncommonly found on the trunks of poplars, the 
 larva has not yet been observed. It is true that Madame Licnig 
 has described a larva as belonging to this species, which she says 
 lives in June on birches, making holes in the leaves ; but some 
 error is probable here, as the perfect insect seems exclusively at- 
 tached to poplars, 
 
 1. Hubnerella, Don. B. I. xi. pi. 382 (1806).— conscriptella, 
 Hub.; Zell. — conscripta, Haw. — rhomboidella, Curt. B. E. fo. 368; 
 Step. ; Hup. Alis anticis cinereis, macula costse media; triangulavi, 
 striolaque apicis atris. Exp. al. 7 i — 3 i lin. 
 
 Head and face grey, Palpi yellowish, the projecting tuft of the se- 
 cond joint pale grey, with a dark grey streak on the side ; the terminal 
 joint with a broad dark fuscous ring. Antenna? yellowish, annulated 
 with fuscous. Anterior wings pale grey, darker along the inner mar- 
 gin near the base ; a triangular black spot lies on the costa in the mid- 
 dle, and a short straight black streak is immediately before the apex of 
 the wing (on the costa are two or three minute dark fuscous spots) ; 
 cilia grey, varied with fuscous. Posterior wings pale grey, with paler 
 cilia. 
 
 Common on the trunks of Lombardy poplars, in September and 
 October. 
 
 Genus XII. AIVARSIA. 
 
 Anausia, Zell. Isis, 1839. p. 190; Dup. Cat. Aplota p., Curt. 
 
 Capilli depressi. Prons couvexa. Ocelli nulli. Antenna; remote den- 
 ticulata;. Haustellum mediocre, squamatum. Palpi labiates mc- 
 diocrcs, articulus sccundus infra longe squamato-laseiculatus, fasci- 
 eulo auticc producto ; tertins £ subnullus, $ aculeiformis lams ad- 
 sceudens. Ala; clongata; mediocriter ciliatte, posteriores trapeziformes 
 ante apicem levissimc rctusse ; antcriorcs : vena apicalis furcata ante 
 
Ill (JliLECHID.K. 
 
 apicem exit ; ramus medians primus a secundo valde distat ; vena 
 subdorsalis ramus inferior delelus ; posteriores : vena apicalis prope 
 basim fureata; vena: medians ramus primus valdc distat a secundo; 
 cellula costalis lata, postice valde coarctata. 
 
 Head smooth, rather convex in front. Ocelli none. Antenna; re- 
 motely denticulate. Tongue of moderate length, clothed with scales. 
 Labial palpi of moderate length ; the second joint beneath with a tuft 
 of scales, which is prolonged in front ; terminal joint of (he $ very short 
 (concealed in the long scales of the second joint) ; of the ? smooth, 
 pointed, and ascending. Wings elongate, with cilia of moderate length, 
 the posterior trapezoidal, very slightly retuse before the apex. In the 
 anterior wings the furcate apical vein runs into the costa before the 
 apex ; the first branch of the median vein is very distant from the second ' 
 branch ; the lower branch of the subdorsal vein is obsolete. In the 
 posterior wings the apical vein is furcate near the base ; the first branch 
 of the median vein is very distant from the second ; the costal cell is 
 broad, posteriorly extremely narrow. 
 
 In this genus we have only two British species (on the con- 
 tinent are two others, one of which is injurious to apricots and 
 peaches) ; they frequent heaths, and take short straight flights. 
 As we find to be the case in other genera of Tineina, two nearly 
 allied plants (Sparfhtm Scoparium and Genista tincloria) serve as 
 food for the larva; of two nearly allied species. 
 
 1. Spartiella, Schr. F. B. ii. 104. 1798 (1803) ; Zell. ; F. v. E.— 
 RoierteoneUa, Curt. B. E. fo. 655. Alis anticis dilute griseis, paullulum 
 fuseo-suffusis, striis numerosis obliquis costa: fuscis, macula plicaa ante 
 medium, macula disci in medio, tertiaque disci pone medium fuscis. 
 Exp. al. 7 lin. 
 
 Head, face, and palpi pale grey. Antenna: pale grey, annulatcd with 
 dark fuscous. Anterior wings pale grey, rather suffused with fuscous, 
 with several short oblique fuscous streaks along the costa, and with a 
 spot on the fold before the middle, one on the disc in the middle, and 
 one on the disc beyond the middle fuscous (occasionally with a few 
 dark fuscous scales) ; at the apex of the hinder margin are two or three 
 dark fuscous spots ; cilia greyish-fuscous. Posterior wings pale grey, 
 with pale fuscous cilia. 
 
 Common in many places in July, among broom and furze. 
 The larva feeds in May and June, in the terminal shoots of broom 
 (Spartium Scoparium) . 
 
 2. Genistse, n. sp. Alis anticis saturatissime griseis, dilute griseo- 
 irroratis, costa basim versus dilutiore, stria obliqua medias costa? satu- 
 ratissime grisea, nigrave. Exp. al. 7 lin. 
 
 Head, face, and palpi rather dark grey. Antenna: pale grey, annu- 
 latcd with dark grey. Anterior wings very dark grey, slightly irroratcd 
 with pale grey; the costa towards the base is rather paler ; from the 
 
YPSOI.OPHUS. 145 
 
 middle of the costa is a very dark grey or black oblique streak, but 
 there are no other definite markings ; cilia dark grey. Posterior wings 
 grey, with pale fuscous cilia. 
 
 Hitherto scarce; but Mr. Weir has bred the species in July, 
 from larvce feeding in the shoots of Genista tinctoria, in June. 
 Mr. Weir found them at Pembury, near Tunbridge Wells. 
 
 Genus XIII. YPSOLOPHUS. 
 
 . Ypsolophus p., Haw, ; Zell. Rhinosia p., Trcit. ; Dup. Macrochila p., 
 Step. 
 
 Capilli depressi. Ocelli nulli. Antenna; sctacea;, remote denticulata;, 
 <£ microscope dilate. Haustellum mediocre, squamatum. Palpi 
 labiales articulo secundo infra scopiformi, pilis antice productis, ar- 
 ticulo ultimo lavi, actdeiformi, recurvo. Aire elongatse, mediocriter 
 ciliatec, posteriores trapcziformes ante apiccin levissime retusae ; an- 
 tcriores : vena apicalis furcata ante apicemexit; ccllula secundaria 
 nulla ; vena mediana in fuream terminatur ; subdorsalis furcata ; 
 Bubmediana non inerassata ; posteriores : cellula costalis nonualis ; 
 vena subcostalis e venula transversal! furcata ; mediana trifida. 
 Head smooth. Ocelli none. Antenna; setaceous, remotely denticu- 
 late (of the tj , viewed through a lens, ciliated). Tongue of moderate 
 length, clothed with scales. Labial palpi, with the second joint be- 
 neath, formed like a brush, with the hairs produced in front ; the last 
 joint smooth, pointed, recurved. Wings elongate, with moderate cilia ; 
 the posterior trapeziform, very slightly rctusc before the apex. In the 
 anterior wings the furcate apical vein runs into the costa before the 
 apex; the secondary cell is not indicated ; the median vein terminates 
 in a fork; the subdorsal vein is furcate ; the submedian is not thick- 
 ened. In the posterior wings the costal cell is without any peculiarity; 
 the subcostal vein is furcate from the transverse vein; the median vein 
 is trifld. 
 
 Of five continental species, only two have been observed in 
 this country. The habits of the perfect insect are very similar 
 to those of the preceding genus. The habit of the larva of )//. 
 Marr/inellus is to feed near the ends of the juniper twigs, in a con- 
 siderable mass of web, which at first sight appears extremely like 
 the abode of a spider. Whether this habit prevails in all the 
 other species of the genus, I am not aware (Fischer's figure of the 
 larva of Juniperellus shows a complete accordance with the habit 
 of the larva of Marginellus). 
 
 1. fasciellus, Iliib. Tin. 111(1801); Haw.; Treit.; Dup. ; Step. 
 Curt. Alis anticis dilute rufo-fuscis, dorso late fusco-suffusis, punctis 
 
 VOL. III. u 
 
140 GELECIIID.1!. 
 
 tribus obsolotis (uno plicae, altcro disci ante medium, tertio disci pone 
 medium) saturate fuscis, fascia pone medium angulala fusca. Exp. al. 
 10 liu. 
 
 Head and face dark greyish-ochreous. Palpi reddish-fuscous, in- 
 ternally pale greyish-ochieous ; terminal joint pale greyish-ochreous, 
 externally with a dark fuscous line. Antennae pale fuscous. Anterior 
 wings pale reddish-fuscous, with the inner margin to beyond the mid- 
 dle broadly suffused with fuscous, and with three obsolete dark fuscous 
 spots (one on the fold, one rather posterior on the disc before the mid- 
 dle, and one on the disc beyond the middle); beyond the middle is a 
 fuscous angulated fascia ; cilia pale reddish-fuscous. Posterior wings 
 greyish-fuscous, with paler cilia. 
 
 The perfect insect appears in May, and has recently been taken 
 by Mr. Tompkins, near Lewes. The larva (according to Tischer) 
 feeds in September, in rolled-up leaves of the sloe. 
 
 2. Marginellus, Fab. S. I. ii. 307. 8 (1781); Don.; Haw.; 
 Step.; Curt. — striatella, Hub. Tin. 164. — clarella, Treit. ; Pup. Alis 
 anticis nitide ochrco-fuscis, costa dorsoquc nivcis. Exp. al. 7i liu. 
 
 Head and face white. Palpi white ; the second joint beneath dark 
 fuscous ; the terminal joint white externally, with a dark fuscous line. 
 Antennae dark fuscous. Anterior wings bright ochreous-fuscous, with 
 a white streak along the costa (but not touching the costa beyond the 
 middle), terminating in a point before the apex, and a white streak 
 along the inner margin terminating in the hinder margin ; there arc a 
 few dark fuscous spots along the hinder margin ; cilia greyish-fuscous. 
 Posterior wings greyish-fuscous, with paler cilia. 
 
 Not scarce, among junipers, in July and August. The larva 
 feeds in June in a web near the ends of the twigs of the juniper- 
 bushes. 
 
 Genus XIV. APLOTA. 
 
 Aplota, Step. II. iv. 225 (1834). Ypsolophus p., Haw. 
 Capilli depressi. Ocelli nulli. Antenna; denticulate, microscope pu- 
 bescentes. Haustellum mediocre, squamatum. Palpi labiales medio- 
 crcs, articulus secundus infra longe squamato-fasciculatus, fasciculo 
 antice producto, lertius subnullus. Ala; anteriorcs oWoHyo-clongatie, 
 sub apicem levissime retusa, postcriores elongato-ovata;, mediocriter 
 ciliatss. 
 
 Head smooth. Ocelli none. Antenna; denticulate, microscopically 
 pubescent. Tongue of moderate length, clothed with scales. Labial 
 palpi moderately long ; the second joint beneath with a tuft of scales 
 which is produced in front ; third joint extremely short, concealed in the 
 hairs of the second joint. Anterior wings oWo«//-clongatc, very slightly 
 
NOTHUIS. 147 
 
 retuse below the apex ; posterior wings elongate-ovate, with moderately 
 long cilia. 
 
 Only one species is known in this genus; it is exclusively 
 British, uot having hitherto been detected on the continent. 
 
 1. palpella, Haw. L. P>. 545 (1829) ; Step. ; Curt. Alis anticis 
 fuscis, luteo-squamatis, punctis tribus (uno disci, secundo vix posteriore 
 plica; ante medium, tertio disci pone medium) saturate fuscis. Exp. al. 
 G lin. 
 
 Head and face yellowish, mixed with fuscous. Palpi dark fuscous ; 
 internally towards the base yellowish ; tip of the terminal joint white. 
 Antennae fuscous. Anterior wings fuscous, with numerous yellowish 
 scales, with three dark fuscous spots (one on the disc, one a little pos- 
 terior on the fold before the middle, and one on the disc beyond the 
 middle) ; cilia greyish-fuscous. Posterior wings dark fuscous, with 
 paler cilia. 
 
 Very rare ; in Mr. Shepherd's collection, and in the collection 
 of the British Museum; it has been taken near Eipley among 
 clover, and in llainault Forest, in August. 
 
 Genus XV. NOTHRIS. 
 Nothris p., Hub. V. 411 (1816). Fpsolophus p., Zell. 
 Capilli depressi. Ocelli nulli. Antennas setaceae, arliculis oblongis, vix 
 dktinctis, <J non nodulosis, pubescente-ciliatis. Haustellum mediocre, 
 squamatum. Palpi labiales, articulo secundo infra scopiformi, pilis 
 antice productis ; articulo ultimo laivi, aeuleiforrni, rccurvo. Ate 
 clongatie mediocriter ciliatai ; anteriores, cilia circa apiceni non. produc- 
 lum, nonjticta; posteriores trapeziformes, ante apiceni levissime re- 
 tusa; ; anteriores : vena apicalis furcata ante apiceru exit ; ccllula se- 
 cundaria nulla ; venae medians; ramus primus a sehundo valde distat ; 
 subdorsals furcata ; submediana non incrassata ; posteriores : cellula 
 costalis normalis ; vena subcostalis longe furcata ; mediana trilida. 
 Head smooth. Ocelli none. Antenna; setaceous, with the joints ob- 
 long, scarcely distinct ; in the <J not knotty, with pubescent ciliations. 
 Tongue of moderate length, clothed with scales. Labial palpi with the 
 second joint beneath formed like a brush, with the hairs produced in 
 front ; the terminal joint smooth, pointed, recurved. Wings elongate, 
 with moderate cilia ; the cilia round the not-produced apex of the anterior 
 wings are not adorned with markings ; the posterior wings trapezifonn, 
 before the apex very slightly retuse. In the anterior wings the furcate 
 apical vein runs into the costa before the apex ; the secondary cell is 
 not indicated ; the first branch of the median vein is al a considerable 
 distance from the second branch ; the subdorsal vein is furcate ; the 
 submedian is not thickened. In the posterior wings the costal cell is 
 
148 uelechidjE. 
 
 of the ordinary form ; the subcostal vein is furcate for a long distance ; 
 the median vein is trifid. 
 
 Of the three species referable to this genus, two are British ; 
 both recently added to our ' Fauna/ Durdhamellu was first taken 
 by Mr. Sircom a few years back, and has since been met with by 
 Mr. C. Jordan. Verbascella was bred only last summer by Mr. 
 Wing, from larvae accidentally brought into his garden on some 
 plants of Verbascum jndvendentmn, from the neighbourhood of 
 Norwich. 
 
 1. Verbascella, W. V. 136. 36 (1776) ; Hub. Tin. 98 ; Schr. ; 
 Trcit. ; Bouche ; Dup. ; Zell. Alis anticis dilute ochreis, squamis 
 sparsis fuscis, pnncto basali costse, puncto minuto plicae ante medium, 
 puncto majore disci pone medium, puuetisque margiuis postici saturate 
 fuscis. Exp. al. 10 lin. 
 
 Head and face pale ochrcous. Palpi pale ochreous ; tuft of the 
 second joint beneath dark fuscous. Antenna: pale ochreous. Anterior 
 wings pale ochreous, with a few scattered dark fuscous scales, with a 
 small dark fuscous spot at the base of the costa, a smaller one on the 
 fold before the middle, and a more conspicuous one on the disc beyond 
 the middle ; along the hinder margin and apex of the costa are a few 
 small dark fuscous spots; cilia pale ochreous. Posterior wings pale 
 grey, with pale ochreous cilia. 
 
 Bred last July by Mr. Wing, from larva? on Verbascum. The 
 larvae may be found nearly throughout the year on the plants they 
 frequent; Mr. Wing found them on Verbascum pulverulentum near 
 Norwich. 
 
 3. Durdhamella, Sta. Cat. p. 12 (1849). Alis anticis ochreis, 
 puncto plica;, punctoque minora disci ante medium, puncto parvo disci 
 pone medium, nigris, macula plica; angulum aualein versus fusca, fascia 
 postica nebulosa fusca. Exp. al. 7 J lin. 
 
 Head and face ochreous. Palpi pale ochrcous ; the second joint ex- 
 ternally towards the base dark fuscous. Antenna? pale ochreous. An- 
 terior wings ochreous, with a black spot on the fold, and a smaller one 
 above it before the middle, another small black spot is on the disc be- 
 yond the middle ; on the fold before the anal angle is a dark fuscous 
 blotch ; beyond the middle is a cloudy fuscous fascia, and the apex of 
 the hinder margin is dark fuscous ; cilia pale ochrcous. Posterior wings 
 pale grey, with paler cilia. 
 
 Appears in July; has occurred on Durdham Downs, near Bris- 
 tol, and at Teignmouth. 
 
 Genus XVI. SOPHRONIA. 
 Sophroiua et I'leurota p., Hub. V. 407. 406 (1816). Fjptokphtu p., 
 
SOPHRONIA. 149 
 
 Haw. ; Zell. Palpula p., Treit. ; Dup. Machrochila p., Step. Ap- 
 lota p., Curt. 
 
 Capilli depressi. Ocelli nulli. Antenna; setacea?, arliculis oblongis r>ix 
 dislinclis, (J non nodulosis, pubescente-ciliatis. Haustellum mediocre, 
 squamatum. Palpi labiales articulo sccundo infra scopiformi, pilis 
 antice productis ; articulo ultimo hcvi, aculciformi, rccurvo. Ate 
 elongates longiits ciliatm, anteriores, cilia circa apicem production picta, 
 posteriorcs trapeziformcs ante apicem levissime retusae ; anteriores : 
 vena apicalis furcata ante apicem exit, cellula secundaria nulla, vena; 
 medians; ramus primus a secundo valde distal ; subdorsalis furcata ; 
 submediana non incrassata ; posteriores : cellula costalis normalis ; 
 vena subcostalis prope basim furcata ; mediana trifida. 
 Head smooth. Ocelli none. Antenna; setaceous, with the joints 
 oblong, scarcely distinct ; in the £ not knotty, with pubescent dilations. 
 Tongue of moderate length, clothed with scales. Labial palpi with the 
 second joint beneath formed like a brush, with the hairs produced in 
 front ; the terminal joint smooth, pointed, recurved. Wings elongate, 
 with rather long cilia ; the cilia of the anterior wings round the produced 
 apex are adorned with markings; posterior wings trapezoidal, very 
 slightly retusc before the apex. In the anterior wings the furcate api- 
 cal vein runs into the costa before the apex, the secondary cell is not 
 indicated, the first branch of the median vein is at a considerable distance 
 from the second; the subdorsal vein is furcate; the submedian is not 
 thickened. In the posterior wings the costal cell is of the ordinary 
 form; the subcostal vein is furcate from near the base ; the median vein 
 is trifid. 
 
 We have only two species in this genus, which may readily be 
 distinguished as follows : — 
 
 a. With no streaks from the costa before the apex. Species 1. 
 a a. With several streaks from the costa before the apex. Species 2. 
 
 (There are several other continental species in the latter section.) 
 Very little is known of the habits of the perfect, insects, and none 
 of the larva; are known. 
 
 1. parenthesella, Linn.]?. S. 1435 (1761); Fab.; Haw.; Step.; 
 Cmt.—Genislella, Illig. ; W. V. ?—semicoslella, Hiib. Tin. 395 ; Treit. ; 
 Hup. Alis anticis brunncis, griseo-suffusis, costa usque pone medium 
 angustc alba, macula oblonga plica; ante, punctisque duobus disci pone 
 medium saturate fuscis, venis posticis albido-squamatis, puueto apicali 
 saturate fusco. Exp. al. 8 lin. 
 
 Head and face pale grey. Palpi pale grey ; terminal joint at the 
 apex fuscous. Antenna; dark fuscous. Anterior wings brown, rather 
 suffused with grey, especially along the inner margin, the costa to be- 
 yond the middle narrowly white ; on the fold before the middle is an 
 oblong dark fuscous spot, and beyond the middle are two dark fuscous 
 spots on the disc, beyond the lower of which some of the veins arc in- 
 
150 GELECHIDJE. 
 
 cheated by whitish scales ; in the extreme apex is a dark fuscous spot ; 
 cilia pale grey, traversed by dark fuscous lines. Posterior wings grey- 
 ish-fuscous, with paler cilia. 
 
 The perfect insect is not uncommon at West Wickhsim Wood, 
 and in Ileadley Lane, in June and July. The wings are rather 
 convoluted in repose. 
 
 2. humerella, Iliib. Tin. 292 ; Dup. ; W. V. ? Alis anticis nitide 
 fiiscis, stria basali costse ante medium a costa detlexa, strigulis tribus 
 costse, unaque dorsi, pone medium albis, piinclo apicis uigro. Exp. al. 
 5 lin. 
 
 Head and face pale grey. Palpi pale grey ; tip of the terminal joint 
 dark fuscous. Antennaj dark fuscous. Anterior wings bright fuscous, 
 with a white streak along the costa) beginning at the base, deilexed from 
 the costa a little before the middle, terminating on the disc beyond the 
 middle ; beyond the middle of the costa arc three white streaks, the 
 first is narrow and oblique, pointing posteriorly, and almost meeting a 
 less distinct white streak from the anal angle ; the other two streaks 
 arc shorter, pointing internally ; a slender short black streak lies on the 
 disc beyond the middle, and at the extreme apex is a Mack spot ; cilia 
 greyish-fuscous. Posterior wings greyish-fuscous, with paler cilia. 
 
 Two specimens, in Mr. Doubleday's collection; locality un- 
 known. 
 
 Genus XVII. PLEUROTA. 
 
 Vlewota p., Iliib. V. 406 (1816). Palpula p., Treit. ; Dup. Maero- 
 
 chila p., Step. Aplota p., Curt. Auchinia p., Zell. 
 Capilli decumbentes, ultra frontem producto. Ocelli nulli. Antennaa 
 articulis distinctis, $ ciliata;. Palpi maxillares breves, filiformes. 
 Palpi labiales recti, longiusculi, compressi, articulo secundo valde pi- 
 loso, basi tcnui, articulo tertio tenui, lavi, aculeiformi, brevi. Alas 
 elongala acuta;, posteriorcs trapezoidali-lanecolata;, prope angulum 
 analem leviter sinuata;, longius ciliata; ; antcriores : vena: apicalis 
 ramus inferior infra apicem exit; medianaj ramus primus pamm 
 cure us; submediana a mediana distat ; vena subdorsals furcata. 
 Hairs of the head decumbent, produced in front. Ocelli none. An- 
 tenna: with distinct joints, ciliated in the £ . Maxillary palpi short, 
 filiform. Labial palpi straight, rather long, compressed, the second 
 joint extremely hairy, slender at the base, the remainder uniform, the 
 terminal joint slender, smooth, pointed, short. Wings elongate, acute, 
 the posterior trapezoidal-lanceolate, towards the anal angle slightly 
 sinuated, with rather long cilia. In the anterior wings the lower 
 branch of the furcate apical vein runs into the hinder margin below the 
 
PLEUBOTA. 151 
 
 apex; the first branch of the median vein is slightly curved ; the sub- 
 niedian is remote from the median ; the subdorsal vein is furcate. 
 
 This genus has only one representative in this country, which 
 is found commonly on heaths in June and July. Nothing is 
 known of its primary states. 
 
 1. bicostella, Linn. F. S. 1438 (1761); Scop.; Hub. Tin. 115 j 
 Haw. ; Treit. ; Dup. ; Step. ; Curt. — marginella, Fab. — viduella, Scop.? 
 Alis antioia albis, griseo-fusco valde sufl'usis, prascipue dorsum versus, 
 stria (juxta costam albam non sull'iisam) a basi usque ad apiceiu 
 fusca, punctis duobus disci, uno ante, altero pone medium nigris. Exp. 
 al. 10-11 lin. 
 
 Head and face wliitc, mixed with grey. Palpi greyish-white ; ter- 
 minal joint white, with the base and apex grey. Antennae dark fus- 
 cous. Anterior wings white, much dusted with greyish-fuscous, espe- 
 cially towards the inner margin ; the costa alone remaining narrowly 
 pure wliitc ; immediately below it is a fuscous streak from the base to 
 the apex ; beneath it arc two black spots on the disc, one before and 
 the other beyond the middle ; under the first is a small dark fuscous 
 spot on the fold, and under the second a fuscous cloud ; the hinder 
 margin is spotted with dark fuscous ; cilia greyish-white. Posterior 
 wings pale greyish-fuscous, with paler cilia. 
 
 Common throughout the country on heaths, from the end of 
 May to the middle of J uly. 
 
 Genus XVIII. HARPELLA. 
 
 IIaupella, Schr. F. B. ii. 168 (1802) ; Zell. Alabonia, Step. Eni- 
 costoma, Dup. Alabonia p., Hub. llecurvaria p., Haw. Adela p., 
 Treit. 
 Capilli deprcssi, postico suberccti ; frons lata. Ocelli nulli. Antennas 
 tenues, corpore non breviores, <J ciliatre. Palpi labiales longi com- 
 pressi, articulo secundo parum curvato, pilis appressis, tertio tcnui 
 adscendente acuto. Haustellum breve, squamatum. Ate anteriorcs 
 oblongae, posteriores oblongo-ovatsc mediocriter ciliatae ; anteriorcs : 
 vena? apicalis ramus inferior in apiccm exit ; cellula secundaria nulla; 
 vena subdorsalis furcata ; submediana a mediana distat, in apice in- 
 crassatur. 
 
 Head smooth, with the scales behind slightly erect ; forehead broad. 
 Ocelli none. Antenna; slender, not shorter than the body ; in the $ 
 ciliated. Labial palpi long, compressed; the second joint slightly curved 
 with appresscd scales ; the third joint slender, ascending, pointed. 
 Tongue short, clothed with scales. Anterior wings oblong ; posterior 
 wings oblong-ovate, with moderately long cilia. In the anterior wings 
 the lower branch of the apical vein terminates in the apex (in some of 
 
152 GELECIIID/E. 
 
 the continental species of tin's genus it terminates above the apex) ; the 
 secondary cell is not indicated ; the subdorsal vein is furcate ; the sub- 
 median, posteriorly thickened, is remote from the median vein. 
 
 The species of this genus are large, showy insects, and appear 
 to delight to fly in the sunshine. Only one occurs in this country, 
 and of that the larva is unknown. Of a continental species how- 
 ever, ILforficella, the larva has long been known as feeding in 
 decayed wood, hence probably our English species has similar 
 habits. 
 
 1. Geoffrella, Linn. S. N. (12) 896. 430 (1767); Dup. xi. 
 pi. 303. f. 2; Zell. (E. Z. 1850).— Geoffroyella, Step.; Sta. ; Fab.?— 
 Geqff'royi, Haw. Alis anticis llavis, in medio satuiatioribus, apiccm 
 versus fusco-suffusis et nigro-slriatis, striis duabus ex basi, striolaque 
 ex medio costac plumbeo-cneruleis, maculis posticis sub oppositis (costali 
 posteriore) dilute luteis. Exp. al. 9 -i- lin. 
 
 Head yellow, with a dark fuscous blotch in the middle. Face dark 
 fuscous. Falpi dark fuscous ; the last two-thirds of the terminal joint 
 whitish. Antenna; yellowish-white, annulated with fuscous. Anterior 
 wings bright yellow, darker in the middle, and towards the apex suf- 
 fused with fuscous ; from the middle of the base is a straight leaden- 
 blue streak, which before the middle of the wing is deflected, and ter- 
 minates on the inner margin about the middle, where it meets a nar- 
 rower leaden-bluc streak from the base below the fold ; the costa at the 
 base is narrowly dark fuscous, and on the middle of the costa is a dark 
 fuscous blotch, in which arises a rather oblique leaden-blue streak, 
 running half across the wing ; beyond the middle of the inner margin 
 is a conspicuous triangular pale yellow spot, and a smaller pale yellow 
 triangular spot is on the costa rather posterior ; on the inner margin 
 of both of these spots are some leaden-bluc scales ; the veins in the api- 
 cal portion of the wing are indicated hy black scales ; cilia dark fuscous, 
 the tips paler. Posterior wings dark fuscous, with paler cilia. 
 
 From the middle of May to the middle of June, this beautiful 
 insect is generally abundant, in mixed hedges and in woods; 
 the slow, undulating flight has some resemblance to that of an 
 Adda ; it delights to fly in the early morning, preferring sunny 
 mornings. 
 
 Genus XIX. HYPERCALLIA. 
 
 Hypercallia, Step. H. iv. 194 (1834) ; Zell. Carcinay., Hub. Lam- 
 pros p., Trcit. 
 
 Capilli decumbentes, antice ultra frontem producti, postice creeti. 
 Ocelli nulli. Antennae mediocres, articulis distinctis, J 1 ciliatae. 
 Haustelluni breve, squamntum. Palpi labialcs longi, compressi, pilis 
 
IIASYCEUA. 153 
 
 appressis, articulo secundo longissimo, subcurvo, requali, tertio temti 
 recto acuminata. Ala; latae, mediocriter ciliatae, anteriores acutae, 
 posteriores trapezoidalcs ; anteriores : vena; apicalis ramus inferior 
 sub npice exit ; venae raediawe ramus primus valde citrvus ; subme- 
 diana juxta mcdianam postice recedit et incrassatur. 
 Hairs of the head decumbent, produced in front beyond the forehead, 
 behind erect. Ocelli none. Antennae moderate, with distinct joints, ci- 
 liated in the $ . Tongue short, clothed with scales. Labial palpi long, 
 compressed, tcilh oppressed scales ; the second joint very long, slightly 
 curved, equal throughout; the third joint slender, straight, pointed. 
 Wings broad, with moderate cilia ; the anterior acute ; the posterior 
 trapezoidal. In the anterior wings the lower branch of the apical vein 
 runs into the hinder margin heloio the apex ; the first branch of the me- 
 dian vein is very muck curved ; the submedian is close to the median, 
 but recedes posteriorly, where it is thickened. 
 
 Only one species in this genus is known; its larva lias not 
 been detected. 
 
 1. Christiernana, Linn. S. N. (12) 877. 303 (1767); Fab.; 
 W. V.; Hub. Tort. 152; Step. pi. 38. f. 2; Dup.— Christ iemella, 
 Hub. ; Treit. — citrinalis, Scop. ? Alia anticis dilute luteis, strigis coc- 
 cineis reticulars, punctisque parvis coccincis. Exp. al. 8^ lin. 
 
 Head and face pale yellow. Palpi pale yellow ; terminal joint be- 
 neath pale fuscous. Antennae whitish, annulatcd with fuscous. An- 
 terior wings pale yellow, almost reticulated with scarlet streaks ; the 
 first along the costa at the base, with two oblique projections from 
 it, the second of which meets another streak from the middle of the 
 costa, which appears to be continued to the inner margin near the base, 
 a branch from it running to the inner margin beyond the middle ; from 
 the middle of the costa is another streak directed outwards, meeting an 
 oblique streak from the costa running inwardly; below it are some scarlet 
 spots, and there is a small scarlet spot at the base of the inner margin j 
 before the hinder margin is a nearly straight scarlet, fascia, terminating 
 in the apex ; cilia very pale yellow. Posterior wings greyish-fuscous, 
 with paler cilia. 
 
 Very rare in this country ; has occurred near Darenth Wood, 
 at Grecnhithe, and at Castle Eden Dean; it appears at the end of 
 June and beginning of July. 
 
 Genus XX. DASYCERA. 
 
 Dasycerus, Haw. L. B. 524. (1829). (Ecopkora, Curt.; Step. Dasy- 
 cera et Slenoptera, Dup. QHcophora p., Lat. Esperia p. et Alabonia 
 p., Hub. 
 
 Capilli deprcssi. Frons inter antennas subangusta. Ocelli nulli. Au- 
 
 VOL. III. x 
 
154 GELECIIIDi:. 
 
 tennoc basim versus incrassatee, dorso e busi sqnamalo-piloso, apice itu- 
 diusculo. Haustellum mediocre, squamatum. Palpi labiales vix 
 thoraoia longitudine, reflexi, articulo secundo compresso, pilis ap- 
 pvessis, tertio tenui, acuto, prions fere long Hit dine. Alas elongates, 
 posteriores ovatsc, angulo anali obtuso ; anteriores: vena; apicalis 
 ramus inferior supra apieem exit; cellula secundaria nulla; vena 
 subdorsalis furcata ; posteriores : vense duoe e venule transversa pro- 
 cedunt. 
 
 Head smooth. Forehead, between the antenna;, rather narrow. 
 Ocelli none. Antenna; towards the base thickened, with hairy scales on 
 the back at the base, with the apex comparatively naked. Tongue of 
 moderate length, clothed with scales. Labial palpi hardly as long as 
 the thorax, rellcxcd ; the second joint compressed, with oppressed 
 scales ; the third joint slender, pointed, nearly as long as the second. 
 Wings elongate, the posterior ovate, with obtuse anal angle. In the 
 anterior wings the lower branch of the apical vein runs into the costa 
 before the apex ; there is no secondary cell, and the subdorsal vein is 
 furcate ; in the posterior wings two veins proceed from the transverse 
 vein. 
 
 We have but two species in this genus (a third, closely allied 
 to Oliviella, has been met with in Asia Minor) ; being of gay 
 colours, they fly during the day (it being found an almost inva- 
 riable rule, that the richly-coloured species of Lepidoptera fly 
 during the day, when their colours may be exposed to view) ; the 
 flight of D. s'ldphurd/a. is rather straight and sharp, but that of 
 D. Oliviella is undulating and sluggish. The larva of B. su/phn- 
 rella has been known for some time; it feeds in decayed and de- 
 caying wood, preferring to place itself immediately "beneath the 
 bark, but not disdaining to penetrate deep into the wood itself; it 
 is of an unusually elongated form. 
 
 1. sulphurella, Tab. S. E. 670. 19 (1775) ; Curt. B. E. fo. 408 ; 
 
 Step. — annuli/cra, Four. — cornulella, Fab. — orbonella, Hub. J Dup. ; 
 Zell. Mis anticis fuscis, dilute lutco-irroratis, prsecipue apieem versus, 
 stria brevi basali juxta costain, stria altera brevi plica' ( $ ultra me- 
 dium producta) maadist/ite oppositis (coslali minore, obsoletiorc) pone 
 medium dilute luteis ; alis poslicis dilute luleis, saturate fusco-limbriatis. 
 Exp. al. V. lin. 
 
 Head bronzy, with a few yellow hairs. Face bronzy. Palpi bright 
 yellow ; terminal joint dark fuscous. Antenna; dark fuscous, almost 
 black, with three white annulatious a little beyond the middle. An- 
 terior wings fuscous, with numerous pale yellow scales, especially to- 
 wards the hinder margin; from the base is a short yellow streak near 
 the costa, and another on the fold (continued to beyond the middle in 
 the ? ) ; on the inner margin, beyond the middle, is a triangular pale yel- 
 low spot, and on the costa nearly opposite is a smaller but distinct pale 
 
CECOPHORA. 155 
 
 yellow spot ; some iridescent scales mark the course of the veins to 
 beyond the middle, and also indicate the termination of the discoidal 
 cell ; cilia fuscous, iridescent in certain lights. Posterior wings pale 
 yellow, with the anterior and hinder margins dark fuscous, and a slight 
 fuscous cloud at the base ; cilia pale fuscous. 
 
 Very common in the south of England, appearing with the 
 first setting in of summery weather ; it delights to fly in the day- 
 time along old hedges. The larva is to be found throughout the 
 winter, under the bark of old posts and decaying trees. 
 
 2. Oliviella, Fab. E. S. iii. 2. 316. 132 (1794); Lat. ; Curt.; 
 Step. ; Dup. xi. pi. 303. f. 1; Zell. — Olioieri, Haw. — ainulella, Hub. ; 
 Trcit. — bractella, Fab. ? — crassicomis, Four. ? Alis anticis nigris, pos- 
 tice albido-squamatis, macula triangulari basali prope dorsum, fateiaqae 
 pone medium (ad dorsum repandata, coslam turn langente) dilute luteis, 
 striga ante medium, striga curvata (plicain tangente) pone fasciam lu- 
 team, iridescentibus ; alis posticis saturate purpureo-fuscis. Exp. al. 
 8 lin. 
 
 Head and face very dark metallic-purple. Palpi yellow ; terminal 
 joint externally dark fuscous. Antenna! black to beyond the middle, 
 then white, with the tips black. Anterior wings purplish-black, with 
 a triangular pale yellow spot at the base towards the inner margin, and 
 a pale yellow fascia (rather expanded on the inner margin, and not reach- 
 ing to the cosla) beyond the middle ; before the middle is an iridescent 
 striga, and beyond the yellow fascia is another slightly curved irides- 
 cent striga, not reaching beyond the fold ; beyond it are numerous 
 scattered whitish scales ; cilia dark purplish-fuscous. Posterior wings 
 dark purplish-fuscous, with paler cilia. 
 
 Not uncommon among oaks, from the end of June to the be- 
 ginning of August. 
 
 Genus XXI. CECOPHORA. 
 
 (Ecophora p., Zell. Isis, 1839. p. 191 ; Dup. Cat. Recurvaria p., Haw. 
 Lampros p., Treit. Anacampsis p. et Batia, Step. Pancalia p. et 
 Batia, Curt. Borkhausenia, Denisia p., et SchiJ/ennut/eria p., Hub. 
 
 Capilli depressi. Frons lata, convexa. Ocelli nulli. Antenna; lennes, 
 $ ciliatic. Falpi labiales reflexi, vix thoracis longiludine, articulo 
 secundo longiore compresso, squamis appressia ; tertio tenui acuto. 
 llaustellum mediocre, squamatum. Ahc oblongae vcl elongates, 
 longiua ciliata:, postcriorcs angulo anali obtuso ; anteriores : venae 
 apicalis ramus inferior supra apicem exit; vena subdorsalis furcate; 
 posteriores : e venula transversa vena! dine proccdunt. 
 Head smooth. Forehead broad, convex. Ocelli none. Antennae 
 
 slender, in the £ ciliated. Labial palpi reflexed, hardly as long as the 
 
150 GELEC1IID*. 
 
 thorax ; the longer second joint compressed and with appressed scales ; 
 terminal joint slender and pointed. Tongue of moderate length, 
 clothed with scales. Wings oblong or elongate, with rather long cilia, 
 the posterior with obtuse anal angle. In the anterior wings the lower 
 branch of the apical vein runs into the costa before the apex ; the sub- 
 dorsal vein is furcate; in the posterior wings two veins proceed from 
 the transverse vein. 
 
 This genus, as now restricted, still contains species of various 
 aspects and different habits, though in structure they show a com- 
 plete agreement. Some of the species are so brightly coloured, 
 they might be expected to be day-flying species, which I am not 
 aware to be the case ; others are of a dingy sombre appearance. 
 Tripuncla rni&fitscescens have a peculiar hovering flight, and run 
 about in the net with their wings slightly raised, almost invariably 
 dying with their wings over the back (thereby trying the patience 
 of the collector). Unitella has a partiality for standing almost 
 perpendicularly on its head, a position which (I believe) lunaris 
 also sometimes assumes; but more frequently lunaris reposes pa- 
 rallel to the surface on which it rests, with its pretty annulated 
 forelegs stretched out before it, like a Cernra. 
 
 The larva of minulella is probably, like that of pseudo-sprctella, 
 a general feeder on all sorts of dry goods ; the latter, from its 
 large size, must do a considerable amount of injury where it ob- 
 tains a footing, and, though formerly unknown, is now abundant 
 throughout London, and has appeared in many of the provincial 
 towns; it may orginally have been imported, but it will probably 
 continue British, as long as there is trade and population in these 
 islands. As an instance of the voracity of the larva of pseudo- 
 spretclla, Mr. H. Doubleday, who has been much tormented with 
 them in his breeding-cages, has known them devour a living pupa 
 of Smerinthus populi. The larvaj of all the other species probably 
 feed in decayed wood, and, as it is not likely that they attack 
 healthy trees, cannot be considered as injurious to us ; but arc 
 more to be considered in the light of scavengers employed in re- 
 moving that which is decayed and useless. 
 
 There are seventeen species in this genus which have occurred 
 in this country ; these species may be arranged in the following 
 table :— 
 a. Anterior wings black or dark fuscous. 
 
 It. With two yellow spots. Species 1, 2. 
 
 It It. With three yellowish spots. Species 3, 4. 
 
 It It It. With yellowish fascia;. Species 5. 
 a a. Anterior wings dark orange, with black marks on the margins. 
 
 Species 6, 7. 
 
(KCOI'HORA. 157 
 
 a a a. Anterior wings pale orange. 
 
 c. With oblique marginal white streaks. Species 8. 
 c c. With a black spot at the anal angle. Species 9, 10. 
 a a a a. Anterior wings ochreous (pale or dark) or fuscous. 
 d. With black spots on the disc. Species 11, 15-17. 
 d d. Unspotted. Species 12-14. 
 
 1. minutella, Linn. S. N. (10) 537. 256 (1758) ; Schr. ; Dup.— 
 oppositella, Fab. ; Hub. ; Haw. ; Treit. ; Step. ; Dup. xi. pi. 300. f. 9. 
 — Mays, Four. Alis anticis fuscis, macula transversa dorsi pone medium, 
 maculaquc obliqua posteriore coda luteis. Exp. al. 5 J- lin. 
 
 Head greyish-fuscous. Face grcyish-ochreous. Palpi fuscous, in- 
 ternally whitish. Antenna; fuscous. Anterior wings fuscous, with a 
 conspicuous transverse yellow spot on the inner margin beyond the mid- 
 dle, and a smaller rather oblique yellow spot on the costa, a little pos- 
 terior ; cilia pale fuscous. Posterior wings pale greyish-fuscous, with 
 paler cilia. 
 
 Found not uncommonly in houses and outhouses in May and 
 June. I have bred it from a larva found by Mr. Preston, feeding 
 on the seeds of celery during the winter. 
 
 2. flavimaculella, Sta. Cat. p. 13 (1819). — minuiella, Haw.; 
 Step. Alis anticis saturate fuscis, maculis duabus dilute ilavis, altera 
 obliqua in medio dorsi, altera rotunda disci pone medium. Exp. al. 5 lin. 
 
 Head, face, palpi, and antenna! dark fuscous. Anterior wings dark 
 fuscous, with two pale yellow spots, one rather oblique on the middle of 
 the inner margin, the other rounded on the disc beyond the middle ; 
 cilia pale fuscous. Posterior wings greyish-fuscous, with paler cilia. 
 
 Occurs near Huddcrsfield and at Duddingstone, in June and 
 July ; also in other places, but not common. Mr. Logan finds 
 the larva feeding on the seeds of Angelica sylvcstris in August and 
 September. 
 
 3. tripuncta. Haw. L. B. 557 (1829). — iripunctella, Step. — tri- 
 maculella, Hup. xi. pi. 303. f. 8. — trisignella, Zell. Alis anticis satu- 
 rate fuscis, maculis tribus luteo-albis, una costa in medio, altera costs; 
 apicem vei'sus, terlia intermedia plica. Exp. al. 6 lin. 
 
 Head dark fuscous. Face pale ochreous. Palpi yellowish-white. 
 Antenna; dark fuscous, the tips yellowish-white. Anterior wings dark 
 fuscous, with three yellowish-white spots, one on the costa in the mid- 
 dle, one on the costa towards the apex, the third intermediate between 
 these two, on the fold, almost connected with the inner margin by some 
 scattered yellowish-white scales ; cilia dark fuscous, with the tips 
 whitish. Posterior wings grey, with paler cilia. 
 
 Very common in old hedges in several places near London, in 
 May and June ; it appears to frequent brambles. 
 
 4. similella, Hub. Tin. 182 (1801); Treit.; Zell. ; Pichter (E. Z. 
 1850); Hup.? — slipella, CI. P Alis anticis saturate fimis, sulphureo- 
 
158 GELECIIlD.fl. 
 
 irroratis, maculis tribus sulphureis, una plica prope basim, altera dorsali 
 pone medium, tertia mediocri costae apiccm versus ; capite luteo, stria 
 f/tsca. Exp. al. 6 J lin. 
 
 Head pale yellow, with a fuscous streak along the middle. Face pale 
 yellow. Palpi pale yellow, the second joint internally dark fuscous ; 
 terminal joint with a broad fuscous ring before the apex. Anterior 
 wings dark fuscous, with numerous scattered sulphur scales, and with 
 three sulphur spots, one on the fold near the base, and connected with 
 the base along the fold, one on the inner margin beyond the middle, 
 and one on the costa before the apex, not reaching half across the wing ; 
 at the anal angle are a few sulphur scales ; cilia fuscous, varied with 
 sulphur. Posterior wings greyish-fuscous, with paler cilia. 
 
 Occurs in May mid June on the trunks of lir-trees in the north 
 of England and Scotland. Herr llichtcr found the larvae under 
 the bark of dead fir-trees, in the autumn. 
 
 5. augustella, Hub. Tin. 177 (1801). — augusta, Haw. — angust- 
 ella, Step. — mcestella, Hub. — var. albimaculea, Haw. ; Step. ; Sta. — 
 
 funestdla, Dup. xi. pi. 298. f. 12. — luctuosella, Dup. Alis anticis satu- 
 rate fuscis, fascia prope basim, ad dorsum latiore, fascia media in plica 
 attenuata, macula minorc dorsi, maculaque majore postcriore costae 
 apiccm versus, dilute luteis ; (variat, fasciis angustioribus, macula cos- 
 tali minorc, albido-luteis.) Exp. al. 5-5£ lin. 
 
 Pack of the head dark fuscous. Front of the head and face whitish. 
 Palpi dark fuscous, the end of the second and third joints whitish. 
 Antennae white, cumulated with dark fuscous, the tip entirely white. 
 Anterior wings dark fuscous, with a fascia not far from the base, 
 broadest on the inner margin, a second fascia in the middle rather at- 
 tenuated on the fold, a small spot on the inner margin, and a larger 
 spot on the costa posterior to it pale yellow ; cilia fuscous. Posterior 
 wings greyish-fuscous, with paler cilia. 
 
 In the variety albimaculea, the fasciae are narrower, the second more 
 attenuated in the fold, the costal spot is smaller, and fasciae and spots 
 are whitish-yellow. 
 
 Common in June on the trunks of trees in Hyde Park ; the 
 typical form of the species is comparatively scarce in this country. 
 
 6. Woodiella, Curt. B. E. fo. 304 (1830) ; Step. Alis anticis 
 aurantiis, maculis duabus basi, tertia oblonga in medio dorsi, quarla 
 cuneiformi costa; pone medium, margineque postico saturate fuscis. 
 Exp. al. 6§ lin. 
 
 Head and face dark fuscous. Palpi greyish-ochreous ; tip of the 
 terminal joint fuscous. Antennae unicolorous dark fuscous. Anterior 
 Winn's bright orange, rather paler towards the inner margin, with five 
 dark fuscous spots, viz. two at the base (one above the fold, the other 
 on the inner margin), an oblong one on the middle of the inner mar- 
 gin, one posteriorly attenuated on the costa beyond the middle, and a 
 larger irregular one, commenting before the anal angle, occupies the 
 
CECOPHOUA. 159 
 
 apex of the wing; in each of these spots are a few iridescent scales; 
 cilia fuscous. Posterior wings dark-fuscous, with paler cilia. 
 
 Tn Mr. Curtis's collection ; taken in June, .1 829, by Mr. R. 
 Wood, 071 Kersall Moor, near Manchester. 
 
 7. graiidis, Desvignes, Entom. 342 (1842). Alis anticis flavis, 
 macula saturate fusca basali per costam anguste usque ad medium pro- 
 ducta, costa anguste poue medium saturate fusca, macula costa; media;, 
 maculat\ue coda pone medium introrsum. speclaule dilute lutein, dorso an- 
 guste, margine postico late saturate fuscis, macula Iriangulariflava dor- 
 sali pone medium, striga basim versus, striis tribus longitudinalibus in 
 medio disci ca;ruleis. Exp. al. 6^ lin. 
 
 Head aud face dark fuscous. Palpi yellow ; terminal joint internally 
 with a fuscous band. Antenna: dark fuscous, the tips white. Anterior 
 wings deep yellow, inclining to orange, with a dark fuscous blotch at 
 the base, continued narrowly along the costa to a Utile before the mid- 
 dle ; beyond the middle the costa is again dark fuscous to near the apex ; 
 in the middle of the costa is a small pale yellow spot, and a longer ob- 
 lique one pointing inwardly lies beyond the middle of the costa; the inner 
 margin from near the base narrowly, and the hinder margin broadly, are 
 dark fuscous ; before the anal angle is a triangular bright yellow spot ; 
 not far from the base is a slender bluish striga, and on the disc in the 
 middle are three short longitudinal bluish streaks margined with dark 
 fuscous ; cilia dark fuscous. Posterior wings rather dark fuscous, with 
 paler cilia. 
 
 In the collections of Mr. Desvignes and Mr. Shepherd ; three 
 specimens were taken in Bewdlcy Forest, by Mr. E. Baugh. 
 
 8. formosella, W. V. 140. 47 (1770); Fab.; Hub. Tin. 248; 
 Treit. ; Dup. Alis anticis luteis, macula parva obliqua dorsi ante me- 
 dium, macnlaque majore costse, luteo-brunncis, utrinque tenuissime 
 albo-marginatis, macula postica costali luteo-brunneo. Exp. al. 6 lin. 
 
 Head and face dark fuscous. Palpi bright yellow ; terminal joiut 
 white, with a black line externally, and a black ring below the apex. 
 Antenna: white, annulatcd with black. Anterior wings yellow, with 
 yellowish-brown markings, first, a small blotch on the inner margin 
 near the middle, preceded by a short white streak, and followed by a 
 longer curved white streak ; on the costa before the middle is an ob- 
 lique blotch reaching to the anal angle, it is preceded by a slender 
 rather curved white streak (which does not touch the costa, and termi- 
 nates on the fold), and is followed by a pale yellow streak (expanded 
 on the costa and not reaching half across the wing) ; a third yellowish- 
 brown blotch lies on the costa before the apex ; cilia pale yellow. Pos- 
 terior wings greyish-fuscous, with paler cilia. 
 
 Taken by Mr. Robertson on palings at Wanstead ; appears in 
 July. 
 
 9. lunaris, Haw. L. B. 556 (1829) ; Step. ; Curt. B. E. fo. 543. 
 
1 60 OF.LECIIlD.i:. 
 
 — Metznerella, Treit. — Begrandella, Dup. Alis anticis dilute luteis, 
 costa dorsoque anguste, margine postico late, saturate luteis, costa ipsa 
 usque pouc medium saturate fusca, macula dorsi pone medium, triangu- 
 lari, apice posticc produeto, nigra. Exp. al. 5 lin. 
 
 Head and face white, mixed with dark fuscous. Palpi pale fuscous, 
 internally whitish ; terminal joint whitish, with a fuscous ring before 
 the apex. Antennae whitish, annulated with dark fuscous. Anterior 
 wings pale yellow, with the costa and inner margin rather narrowly, 
 and the hinder margin broadly, deep yellow ; the extreme costa is dark 
 fuscous to beyond the middle ; on the inner margin beyond (lie middle 
 is a triangular black spot, of which the apex is produced posteriorly 
 parallel to the hinder margin ; cilia pale yellow. Posterior wings rather 
 pale grey, with pale greyish-fuscous cilia. 
 
 Found in various localities on the trunks of trees and palings, 
 in July and August. 
 
 10. Lambdella, Don. B. I. ii. 57 (1 792) ; Step. ; Curt.— Lambda, 
 Haw. Alis anticis dilute luteis, costa anguste, dorso margiueque pos- 
 tico late saturate luteis, costa ipsa usque pone medium nigra, macula 
 magna in medio dorsi fere triangulari, apice postice producto, nigra. 
 Exp. al. 7i lin. 
 
 Head and face pale yellowish, mixed with dark fuscous. Palpi dark 
 fuscous, internally pale yellowish ; terminal joint pale yellowish, with a 
 ring at the base and a ring before the apex dark fuscous. Antennas whit- 
 ish, annulated with dark fuscous. Anterior wings pale yellow, with the 
 costa narrowly and the inner and hinder margins broadly deep yellow ; 
 the extreme costa is black to beyond the middle ; on the middle of the 
 inner margin is a large somewhat triangular black spot, with the apex 
 pointing posteriorly ; cilia pale yellow. Posterior wings dark greyish- 
 fuscous, with paler cilia. 
 
 Scarce; occurs in June and July; sometimes met with at 
 Charlton ; originally found in plenty in a furze-bush in Epping 
 Forest. 
 
 11. subaquilea (Edl), Sta. Cat. p. 14 (1849). Alis anticis dilute 
 ochreis, paullulum fusco-suffusis, puncto plica; et stria disci ante me- 
 dium, puncto dorsi, punctisque duobus disci pone medium saturate fus- 
 cis. Exp. al. 6 lin. 
 
 Head and face greyish-ochrcous. Palpi pale fuscous, internally pale 
 ochrcous. Antennae fuscous. Anterior wings pale ochreous, rather 
 suffused with fuscous, with a dark fuscous spot on the fold, a dark 
 fuscous streak above it before the middle, and with three dark fuscous 
 spots beyond the middle, one on the inner margin, and two almost 
 united on the disc ; beyond is a fuscous blotch at the anal angle ; the 
 hinder margin is spotted with dark fuscous ; cilia pale ochrcous. Pos- 
 terior wings pale grey, with paler cilia. 
 
 Occurs on heaths in the north of England, in May and June. 
 
(ECO1MI01U. 101 
 
 12. Panzerella, Step. II. iv. 292 (1834). Alis anticia dilute 
 ochreis, fusco-suffusis ; palpis brevibus dilute ochreis. Exp. al. 1\ lin. 
 
 Head and face pale greyish-ochreons. Palpi short, pale oelireous. 
 Antennae pale ocln-cous, annulated with fuscous. Anterior winga pale 
 ochreous, suffused with fuscous ; cilia paler. Posterior wings greyish- 
 fuscous, with paler cilia. 
 
 Not common ; appears in June and July ; has occurred at West 
 Wickham Wood, and near Lewes. 
 
 13. tinctella, Treit. E. S. ix. 2. 21 (1833) j Dup. xi. pi. 299. f. 7 ; 
 Zell. — lularella. Step. — arietella, Sta. Alis anticia dilute ochreis, panl- 
 lulnm fuseo-suffusis, praecipue costam versus; palpis lough, dilute ochreis, 
 aiticulo teitio fuseescente. Exp. al. 7 lin. 
 
 Head and face pale ochreous. Palpi long, pale ochreous, terminal 
 joint with a slight fuscous tinge. Antennae whitish-ochreous. Anterior 
 wings pale ochreous, rather suffused with fuscous, especially along the 
 costa and towards the apex; ; cilia ochreous, with a slight fuscous tinge. 
 Posterior wings dark greyish-fuscous, with paler cilia. 
 
 Not uncommon in May and June, in West Wickliam Wood, 
 among oaks. 
 
 14. unitella, Hub. Tin. 147 (1801); Step.; Sta.— f/tsco-aiirella, 
 Haw. — arietella, Zell. Alis anticis aureo-brunneis, posticis nigricautibus, 
 palpis hmgis ochreis, articulo tertio saturate fusco. Exp. al. 6 -J- lin. 
 
 Head and face dark yellow. Palpi long, bright ochreous; terminal 
 joint dark fuscous. Antenna; dark fuscous. Anterior wings unicolorous 
 golden-brown, ; cilia the same colour, with a slight fuscous tinge. Pos- 
 terior wings dark fuscous, almost black, with paler cilia. 
 
 Not uncommon in August, in old hedges. Mr. Wing detected 
 the larva last spring, feeding in old pea-sticks; it became full-fed 
 in May. 
 
 15. flavifrontella, Hiib. Tin. 126 (1801); Trait. j Step.; Fab.? 
 Alis anticis nitidis griseo-fuscis, punctis tribus fere obsoletis saturate 
 fuscis. Exp. al. 10 lin. 
 
 Head and face yellow. Palpi fuscous. Antenna; pale fuscous. An- 
 terior wings shining greyish-fuscous, with three rather obsolete darker 
 spots, one on the disc before, the middle, one almost beneath it on the 
 fold, and one on the disc beyond the middle ; cilia fuscous. Posterior 
 wings greyish-fuscous, with paler cilia. 
 
 Not scarce in old hedges in J unc ; it appears to frequent the 
 hedge-roses. 
 
 16. fuscescens, Haw. L, B. 555 (1829); Step. Alis anticis 
 dilute ochreis, fusco valde sujfusis, punctis tribus saturate fuscis (uno 
 disci, altcro plica: vix posteriore, ante medium, tertio raajore disci pone 
 medium). Exp. al. 5 lin. 
 
 Head dark fuscous. Face pale brownish-ochreous. Palpi fuscous ; 
 tip of the terminal joint pale ochreous. Antenna; pale fuscous. An- 
 vol. in. v 
 
IbS GELEC1IIDVE. 
 
 tcrior wings pale oclireous, almost entirely suffused iril/i fuscous, with 
 three dark fuscous spots, one on the disc,' one on the fold rather poste- 
 rior before the middle, and a larger one on the disc beyond the middle ; 
 cilia fuscous. Posterior wings pale greyish-fuscous, with paler cilia. 
 Very abundant in old hedges in July and August. 
 
 17- pseudo-spretella, Sta. Cat. p. 14 (1849). Alis autieis di- 
 lute oclireis, /«*co valde suffusis, punctis tribus saturate fuscis (uno disci, 
 altero plicae vix posteriore ante medium, tertio disci pone medium) j 
 margins postico, apiceatie coda: saturate fusco-puuclalis. Exp. al. 10 
 lin. 
 
 Head brownish-ochreous. Face pale brownish-ochreous. Falpi pah; 
 ochreoua, internally spotted with dark fuscous. Antenna; fuscous. An- 
 terior wings pale ochrcous, much suffused with fuscous, with three dark 
 fuscous spots, one on the disc, one on the fold hardly posterior to it 
 before the middle, and one on the disc beyond the middle ; the hinder 
 margin and apex of the cosla are spotted with dark fuscous ; cilia oehre- 
 ous-fuscous. Posterior wings whitish-grey, with paler cilia. 
 
 Abundant in London and in many parts of the country, in July 
 and August. Mr. H. Doubleday sent me a number of the larva: 
 last January, feeding on dry peas. 
 
 Genus XXII. CEGOCONIA. 
 
 (Egoconia, Guenee in lit. CEcophora p., Zell. 
 
 Capilli depressi, postice suberecti. Ocelli nulli. Antenna; crassiuscula?, 
 articulo basali incrassato. Ilaustellum mediocre, squamatum. Palpi 
 maxillares breves, filiformes. Palpi labiales reflexi, comprcssi, arti- 
 culo tenninali tenui, acuto. Ahe elongatse, postcriores angulo anali 
 distincto, plaga basali nuda nulla ; anteriores : vena; apicalis ramus 
 inferior supra apicem exit; vena: subdorsalis f areata ;; posteriores : 
 cellula costalis elonyala, postice altmnata ; vena apicalis furcala ; e 
 venula transversa vena unica proccdit. 
 
 Head smooth, behind rather rough. Ocelli none. Antennas rather 
 thick-, with thickened basal joint. Tongue moderately long, clothed 
 with scales. Maxillary palpi short, filiform. Labial palpi rellexed, 
 compressed; terminal joint slender, pointed. Wings elongate; the 
 posterior with distinct anal angle, with no bare basal patch. In the 
 anterior wings the lower branch of the apical vein runs into the costa 
 before the apex ; the subdorsal vein is furcate ; in the posterior wings 
 the elonyate costal cell is posteriorly attenuated ; the apical vein is fur- 
 cate, and a single vein proceeds from the transverse vein. 
 
 Only one species is known in this genus, which, from its habits, 
 1 bad anticipated would be congeneric with Endrom fenestretta ; 
 the above characters sufficiently distinguish it. 
 
103 
 
 ^ 1. quadripuncta, Haw. L. B. 557 (1829); Step.P bifasciella, 
 Step. — Kwdermanniella, Zell. Alis anticis saturate fuscis, basi, ma- 
 cula obliqua oostre ante medium, fascia recta dentata in medio, inaculis 
 oppositis (costali majore) apicem versus dilute luttis. Exp. al. 0,\ lin. 
 
 Head (lark fuscous. Face pale yellowish. Palpi pale yellowish; 
 the terminal joint with a faint fuscous ring at the base. Antennas fus- 
 cous, the tips pale yellowish. Anterior wings dark fuscous, with the 
 extreme base, a rather oblique blotch on the eosta near the base, a 
 nearly straight but indented fascia in the middle, and two opposite 
 spots (of which the larger is on the eosta) towards the hinder margin, 
 pale yellowish ; cilia pale grey. Posterior wings whitish-grey, with 
 paler cilia. 
 
 Sometimes occurs in houses, in July and August, 
 
 Genus XX11I. ENDROSIS. 
 Uridrosis p., Hub. V. 401 (1816). Qicophora p., Zell. 
 Oapilli appressi, fronte lata. Ocelli nulli. Antennae setaceae, articulo 
 basali elongata, subclavato. Ilaustellum mediocre, squamatum. 
 Palpi inaxillarcs breves, filiformes. Palpi labiales reflexi, compressi, 
 articulo teriniiiali teuui, aouto. Aire elongate, anteriores subtus 
 penicillo nullo, posteriores angulo anali distincto, plaga basali nuda ; 
 anteriores : vente apicalis ramus inferior supra apicein exit ; medians 
 ramus primus a secundo valde distat ; subdorsals simplex sell fur- 
 cata judicata ; posteriores: cellula costalis abbreviate (ante medium 
 vense subcostalis subito dclinit) ; e venula transversa vena unica pro- 
 cedit; vena apicalis simplex. 
 
 Head smooth ; the forehead broad. Ocelli none. Antennae setaceous, 
 with the basal joint elongate, subclavale. Tongue of moderate length, 
 clothed with scales. Maxillary palpi short, filiform. Labial palpi re- 
 tlexed, compressed ; the terminal joint slender, pointed. Wings elon- 
 gate; the anterior with no brush beneath; the posterior with distinct 
 anal angle, with a naked patch at the base. In the anterior wings the 
 lower branch of the apical vein runs into the eosta before the apex ; the 
 first branch of the median vein is remote from the second ; the subdorsal 
 vein is simple, but there are indications of a fork ; in the posterior wings 
 the costal cell is abbreviated, ceasing abruptly in the middle of the 
 subcostal vein ; a single vein proceeds from the transverse vein ; the 
 apical vein is simple. 
 
 There is only one species in this genus; if a rarity it would be 
 considered extremely beautiful, but unfortunately being excess- 
 sively abundant, and in all our houses, it is despised for less 
 beautiful insects of greater rarity. It is however rarely seen in 
 good condition, which may account for I he neglecl it experiences, 
 
16-i OBLIOHIDJB. 
 
 being an extremely active insect, flying about our rooms at night, 
 getting into the milk (thence called lacteella) , an& in the daytime 
 sitting in the windows (whence the name fenestrella) ; it is re- 
 lentlessly pursued by careful housekeepers as a chthea-moth, its 
 conspicuous white head causing it, to be easily observed ; whilst 
 the true culprits, Tinea pettionetta and hiselUella, remain unhurt 
 in their places of concealment. The larva of E. fenestrella feeds 
 on various dry goods, peas, seeds, etc., and, according to Madame 
 Lienig, even on salt. I am not aware that it attacks clothes of 
 any kind; the notices in previous writers to that effect having 
 been copied from Linnaeus, who, if this be his sarcifella, must 
 have fallen into some similar error, as he made with respect to 
 his vestianella. 
 
 1. fenestrella, Scop. F. C. 252. 053 (1763).— lactella, W. V.— 
 heteella, Liemg.—Betulinella, Hub. Tin. 20. 448 ; Treit. ; Dup. — sar- 
 dtella, Lin.? Step.? Curt.? — sarcitea, K&w.f—domesticella, Scop.? 
 Alis anticis griseis fusco-nebulosis, basi alba, punctia disci saturate t'us- 
 cis. Exp. al. 7 J- 9 lin. 
 
 Head and face white. Palpi white ; terminal joint with a ring at 
 the base and another before the apex, black. Antenna: fuscous. An- 
 terior wings dirty grey, clouded with fuscous, with the extreme base 
 white ; beyond is a moderately broad fuscous fascia, a fuscous blotch 
 is on the costa beyond the middle, a smaller one is above the anal angle, 
 and another lies in the apex of the wing, preceded by an indistinct ob- 
 lique whitish fascia ; a dark fuscous spot on the disc, and one beyond it 
 on the fold are before the middle of the wing, two larger dark fuscous 
 spots are on the disc beyond the middle ; the hinder margin and apex 
 of the costa are spotted with whitish-grey ; cilia greyish-fuscous. Pos- 
 terior wings whitish-grey, with paler cilia. 
 
 Abundant in houses throughout the year; and during summer, 
 on the trunks of trees near houses. The larva may likewise be 
 found throughout the year, feeding on various dry goods. 
 
 Genus XXIV. BUTALIS. 
 
 BuTAus, Treit. E. S. ix. 2. 108 (1833). Aslyages p., Step. Butalis 
 p., Dup. Uicopliora p., Zell. Oxybelia p. et Galanlhia p., Hub. 
 
 Caput olii 'annul, retraclum, squamis appressis. Ocelli nulli. Antennae 
 articulis confertis, $ pubescente-eiliatse, vi.v sub apicem serrulatae. 
 Haustellum mediocre, squamatum. Palpi breviusouli, adscandi ntes, 
 snbeompressi, aenminnti. A he elongates, anteriores subtus penicillo 
 basali ; posteriores acuminata? ; anteriores : infra venam apicalem 
 venae tantum qualuor e cellula discoidali prodeunt ; posteriores : e 
 vcnula transversa vena unica procedit. 
 
BUTALIS. 1G5 
 
 Head obtuse, retracted, with apprcsscd scales. Ocelli none. An- 
 tennae with thickly-set joints, in the $ pubescent-ciliated, before the 
 apex slightly serrated. Tongue of moderate length, clothed with scales. 
 Palpi rather short, ascending, rather compressed, acuminate. Wings 
 elongate ; the anterior beneath with a brush at the base ; the posterior 
 acuminate. In the anterior wings only four veins proceed from the 
 discoidal cell below the apical vein ; in the posterior wings a single 
 vein proceeds from the transverse vein. 
 
 The two last species I have placed in tins genus, exhibit several 
 discrepancies : in torquatella the anterior wings are oblong ; the 
 apex of the posterior wings is ohlitse ; the tongue is naked ; the 
 shorter palpi are not ascending, with the apex almost obtuse. 
 Tncongruella has the antenna; rather thick, jive veins from the 
 discoidal cell of the anterior wings to the hinder margin, and two 
 veins from the transverse vein of the posterior wings. 
 
 The remaining species form an extremely natural genus, of 
 which the most remarkable peculiarity is the position in which 
 I he priiect insects sit when at rest ; the wings being almost folded 
 round the short thick body, meeting behind it nearly in a point, 
 which the thick blunt head of the insect renders more prominent; 
 they frequent grassy places and are rather active, flying close to 
 the ground; the females of most of the species have a pale spot 
 on the underside of the abdomen. Of none, excepting Chenopo- 
 diella, is the larva known ; of that species the larva feeds in a 
 web between united leaves of Chenopodium and Atriplex, where 
 it spins a while oval cocoon previous to its transformation ; it 
 only frequents those plants which grow in sheltered situations. 
 
 There seems to be a great variety of closely allied species on 
 the continent, but only seven of the typical form of the genus 
 have occurred in this country; they may be arranged as fol- 
 lows : — 
 
 a. Anterior wings unicolorous. Species 1, 2, 4. 
 a a. Anterior wings with scattered whitish scales, not forming distinct 
 
 spots. Species 3, 5. 
 a a a. Anterior wings with distinct white or whitish spots. Sp. 6, 7. 
 
 1. grandipeimis, Haw. L. B. 5 3 (1829); Step. Alia anticis 
 \ ■iridi-/'«.wv«, postlce squamis sparsis albidis. Exp. al. £ 8.V, ? 7 lin. 
 
 Head, face, palpi, and antennas dark fuscous. Anterior wings 
 gr<vui.sli-/'«.«w.y, posteriorly with a few whitish scales; cilia pale green- 
 ish-fuscous. Posterior wings grey, with pale fuscous cilia. Abdomen 
 of the ? beneath with a large dirty yellow spot. 
 
 Common on heaths, among furze-bushes in May and June. 
 
 2, fusco-aenea, Haw. L. B. 537 (1829); Curt.; Step.; Sta. 
 Alis anticis viridi-rtwt'M, postice fusco-tinctis. Exp. al. 7 lin. 
 
186 (ini.Kcinn.i.. 
 
 Head and face dark brownish-bronze. Palpi and antennae dark fus- 
 cous. Anterior wings bronzy-green, posteriorly a little darker; cilia 
 paler. Posterior wings fuscous, with paler cilia. 
 
 A scarce species, appearing in June; has occurred near Gras- 
 sington, Yorkshire. 
 
 3. senescens, Sta. Ent. Trans, i. n. s. 22 (1850). — Seliniella, 
 Sta. (Cat.) Alis anticis saturate viridi-fuscis, squamis sparsis numero- 
 sis albidis, praecipuc apicem versus. Exp. al. h\ Hit 
 
 Head, lace, palpi, and antennas dark greenish-fuscous. Anterior 
 wings dark greenisli-fuscous, with numerous scattered whitish scales, 
 especially towards the apex; cilia fuscous. Posterior wings dark 
 greyish-fuscous, with paler cilia. Abdomen of the ? beneath with a 
 large white spot. 
 
 Common on the downs at Mickleham, in July. 
 
 I. fusco-cuprea, Haw. L. B. 537 (1829); Curt.; Step.; Sta. 
 Alis anticis saturate viridi-fuscis, squamis albis nullis. Exp. al. 4J lin. 
 
 Head, lace, palpi, and antennas dark greenish-fuscous. Anterior wings 
 dark greenish-fuscous, with no white scales ; cilia fuscous. Posterior 
 wings dark greyish-fuscous, with paler cilia. 
 
 Formerly taken by Mr. Sircom, near Brislington ; perhaps not 
 specifically distinct from the preceding. 
 
 5. Cicadella, Zell. isis, 1839. p. 193. Alis anticis fusc.is, oli- 
 vaceo-tinctis, squamis sparsis albis, maculam dorsali basim versus, ma- 
 culam dorsali in medio, strianu/ue apicis, formautibus, slriu plica inler- 
 ilinn obsoleta all/a, l/ileave. Exp. al. 5-J lin. 
 
 Head, face, palpi, and antenna: greyish-fuscous. Anterior wings 
 fuscous, with a sliijht olivaceous tint, with numerous scattered white 
 scales, forming a spot on Ike inner margin near the base, another on the 
 inner margin about the middle, and generally a short streak towards 
 the apex ; along the fold is usually a while or yellowish streak ; cilia fus- 
 cous. Posterior wings greyish-fuscous, with paler cilia. 
 
 A single specimen, taken by Mr. Dunning, at Brandon, in 
 Sull'olk, in July. 
 
 fi. variella, Step. II. iv. 274 (1834). — inspersella, Zell. — picapen- 
 nis, Haw. ? Step. ? Alis anticis nigrescentihus, squamis sparsis albidis, 
 puncto plica' pone medium, punctoque ad anguhun analem albis. Exp. 
 al. 5 lin. 
 
 Head, face, palpi, and antenme blackish. Anterior wings blackish, 
 with a few scattered white scales, a white spot on the fold beyond the 
 middle, and another at the anal angle ; cilia dark grey. Posterior wings 
 very dark grey, with fuscous cilia. 
 
 Frequents sand-pits in the south of England, in June. 
 
 7. Chenopodiella, Hub. Tin. 320 (1816); E. v. 11. pi. 71. 
 pi. 72. f. 1; Zell. — tristi'lla, Treit. ; Dup.— variella, W. V. ? — cylin- 
 
I'AM'AI.IA. 1C,7 
 
 drea, Raw.f—cylindrella, Step.? Mis anticis nitidis saturate fuseis, 
 maouhs tribus luieaamlibw prope dorsum. Exp. al. 7 lin. 
 Head and face dark fuscous. Palpi whitish, with a ring at the end 
 
 of the second joint, and another at the end of the terminal joint dark fus- 
 cous. Antennae (lark fuscous. Anterior wings shining dark fuscous, with 
 three yellowish spots near the inner margin, one before the middle 
 connected with the base by a narrow yellowish streak along the fold, 
 another nearly in the middle, and the third close beyond it at the anal 
 angle; cilia dark fuscous. Posterior wings dark greyish-fuscous, with 
 dark fuscous cilia. 
 
 Occurs from June to October, in waste ground, among Cheno- 
 liml'tir,), and Alnpln.r ; the larva feeding on those plants from 
 April to August. 
 
 8. torquatella, Licnig et Zell. Isis, 184(5. p. 279.— -fusaifrontella, 
 Sla. A lis anticis saturate fuseis, maculis tribns dilute, lutcis, una plica 
 ante medium (obsolctius dorsum versus producta), altera dorsali ad un- 
 guium analem, tertia posteriore costali. Exp. al. 5 lin. 
 
 Head, face, palpi, and antenna; dark fuscous. Anterior wings dark 
 fuscous, with three pale yellowish spots, one oh the fold before the mid- 
 dle (indistinctly produced towards the inner margin), one on the inner 
 margin at the anal angle, and one, posterior to it, on the costa ; cilia 
 pale fuscous, the tips whitish. Posterior wings pale greyish-fuscous, 
 with paler cilia. 
 
 Among mixed underwood at Torvvood, and near Kilmun, in 
 July. 
 
 9. incongruella, Sta. Cat. p. 15 (1849). All's anticis nitidulis 
 fuseis. Exp. al. 5 lin. 
 
 Head and face dark fuscous. Palpi rather paler. Antenna? greyish- 
 fuscous. Anterior wings rather glossy fuscous, with paler cilia. Pos- 
 terior wings pale grey, with paler cilia. 
 
 Not scarce in March and April, on t lie moors in the north of 
 England. 
 
 Genus XXV. PANCALIA. 
 
 Pancalia p., Curt. B, E. lb. 804 (ls:jO) ; Step. Chrysoesthia p., Hub. 
 (Ecophora p., Treit. ; l'up.; Zell.; Zett. 
 
 Caput retractnm, eapillis appressis, frontc obtusa. Ocelli nulli. An- 
 tenna', artieulis conferUa, compressis, apicem versus attenuates. 
 Haustellum mediocre. Palpi reflexi, artioulo secundo compresso, 
 lfeyi, artioulo terminali acuto. Alas elongates, apioe producto, pos- 
 tcriores angulo anali obtuso ; antcriores ; cellula discoidalis angusta, 
 valdc elongata ; vcn;e apiealis ramus inferior supra apicem exit; 
 
168 OELECIIID.E. 
 
 vena subtlorsiilis simplex ; posteriores : e venuln transversa vena 
 
 unica pvoeedit. 
 
 Head retracted, with appressed scales, in front obtuse. Ocelli none. 
 Aiilennii' with thickly-set, compressed joints, attenuated towards the 
 apex (in one continental species with erect projecting scales in the mid- 
 dle, Nodosella). Tongue of moderate length, with a few scales towards 
 the base. Palpi reflexed; the second joint compressed, smooth; the 
 terminal joint pointed. Wings elongate, with the apex produced ; the 
 posterior with obtuse anal angle. In the anterior wings the narrow, 
 discoidal cell is extremely elongate ; the lower branch of the apical vein 
 runs into the costa before the apex; the subdorsal vein is simple; in 
 the posterior wings a single vein proceeds from the transverse vein. 
 
 We have but two species of this genus in this country; they 
 are exceedingly similar, the main point of difference being in the 
 antennae. A third species is known on the continent, also differ- 
 ing in the antennae. The larva of none of the species are known; 
 Ratzebnrg, it is true, says of Leuwcnhoekella, "bred by Hcrr Zebe 
 from the bark of larch-trees," but in this must be some mistake, 
 as the perfect insects are not found amongst trees, but frequent 
 open flowery places amongst short grass. 
 
 1. Latreillella, Curt. B. E. fo. 304 (1830); Step.; Sta. Alis 
 anticis saturate aurantiis, basi, costa, dorso, marginequc postico saturate 
 fuscis, maculis tribus costa; (tertia ad costaiu dilute luteo-alba) dua- 
 bus plica;, unaque dorsi viridi-aureis; antenna Mum fuscis. Exp. al. 
 6 [in. 
 
 Head and face very dark bronzy-green. Palpi dark fuscous, inter- 
 nally dirty whitish. Antenna entirely dark fuscous. Anterior wings 
 deep orange, with the base, costa, inner and hinder margins dark fus- 
 cous, with six golden-green spots, the first rather transverse on the 
 costa near the base, the second on the cos.ta before the middle, the third 
 elongated, pointing inwardly, near the costa towards the apex (produced 
 on the costa as a pale yellowish-white spot), the fourth on the fold below 
 the first costal spot, and almost united with it, the fifth on the fold 
 before the middle is smaller, and the sixth is larger on the inner mar- 
 gin beyond the middle ; above the anal angle are some golden-green 
 scales not forming a definite spot ; cilia fuscous. Posterior wings fus- 
 cous, with a slight bronzy tinge, with pale fuscous cilia. 
 
 A specimen is in Mr. Gurtis's collection ; and I have seen a few 
 others. 
 
 2. Leuwenhoekella, Lin. P. S. 1400 (1761) ; W. V.; Pab.j 
 Haw. ; Step. ; Zett. ; Zell. ; Sta. — Schnidtella, Treit. ; Dup. — metal- 
 lella, W. V.? — Schioarzella, Fab. P Alis anticis saturate aurantiis, 
 basi, costa, dorso, margineque postico saturate fuscis, maculis tribus 
 costse (tertia ad costam dilute luteo-alba) duabus plica;, unaque dorsi 
 viridi-aureis; antennis fuscis, infra apicem albis. Exp. al. ti\ tin. 
 
GLYPHIPTEHYGID.3!. 169 
 
 Differs only from the preceding in the antennae, which have a broad 
 while ring before the apex. 
 
 Common in dry grassy places among flowers, in May and June. 
 
 Family VI. GLYPHIPTERYGID^E. 
 
 Caput plerisque lecvissimum. Palpi maxillares brevissimi. Alae an- 
 
 teriores oblongae vel elongata;, posteriores ovatoe vel lanceolatas. 
 
 Volatus diurnus. 
 
 Head mostly extremely smooth. Maxillary palpi very short, rarely 
 perceptible. Anterior wings oblong or elongate ; the posterior ovate 
 or lanceolate. Might diurnal. 
 
 A rather natural family, of which many of the species are of 
 gay colours, delighting to fly in the hot sunshine. The species 
 of the smaller genera are brilliant little insects, running about 
 with great activity on the leaves of the plants they frequent ; the 
 species of the genus Glyphipteryx, remarkable for the rich colour- 
 ing of the anterior wings, have the peculiarity of alternately raising 
 and depressing their wings, as though fanning themselves, when at 
 rest. Most of the genera appear in the summer, but some species 
 of the genus Acrolepia appear at the end of autumn, and, hyber- 
 nating, are met with early in spring. The larvaj of llbslerstam- 
 mia, Acrolepia, and G/yphlptcryx have been observed, but do not 
 exhibit any peculiarity, aud would readily pass for larvae of the 
 previous family. 
 
 Genus I. ACROLEPIA. 
 
 Acuolepia, Curt. B. E. 679 (1838). Mslerstammia p., Zell. ; Dup. 
 
 Capilli in verlice et occipite hirsuti, creterum lamgati. Ocelli nulli. 
 Antennae tcnues, corpora breviorcs. -llaustellum mediocre, nudum. 
 Palpi labiales arcuati, crassiusculi, subcompressi ; articulo ultimo 
 prascedentcm longitudinc snperantc, acuminate Ala; anteriores 
 plexumque elongata:, posteriores ovato-lanceolatoe, longius ciliatae ; 
 anteriores : vena apicalis simplex, infra cam rami G, inter se dis- 
 tantes ; cellula secundaria perfecta ; submedianse apex incrassatns ; 
 subdorsalis longius furcata ; posteriores : cellula costalis elongata, 
 subito coaretata ; vena apicalis simplex, infra earn vena furcata ; venae 
 discoidalis rami duo ultimi in furcam coaliti. 
 The crown and back of the head rough, the remainder smooth. Ocelli 
 
 none. Antenna? slender, shorter than the body. Tongue of moderate 
 
 length, naked. Labial palpi arched, rather thick, slightly compressed ; 
 
170 gi.yimiii'tkrygida:. 
 
 the terminal joint longer than the second, pointed. Anterior winga 
 generally elongate (in one species oblong), the posterior ovate-lanceo- 
 late, with rather long cilia. In the anterior wings the apical vein is 
 simple, below it are six veins at equal distances ; the secondary cell is 
 complete ; the apex of the submedian vein is thickened ; the subdo*- 
 «il has a rather long fork. In the posterior wings the elongate costal 
 cell is suddenly narrowed; the apical vein is simple, below it is s. fur- 
 cate vein; the two last branches of the discoidal vein are united at 
 their origin. 
 
 [ have seen but three British species in this genus, though I 
 have no reason to doubt that Betulella truly belongs here ; and 
 I believe Mr. Curtis has specimens of a fifth species, which ap- 
 peared to me too wasted to describe. The perfect insects appear 
 of a very quiet disposition, more especially on their first quitting 
 the pupa state, and are more frequently met with on the wing 
 after hybernation; pijcjmceana will remain motionless nearly 
 throughout the winter ; granitetta also hybemates, but I am not 
 aware whether jjerlepidella and Betulella do likewise, though I 
 think it extremely probable. 
 
 The larva of the two former only are known; they may be 
 found in summer and beginning of autumn, mining the leaves of 
 Solatium Dulcamara and Inula dysenterica respectively; pygmaana, 
 from the numerous large whitish blotches it makes, being very 
 easily detected; both species construct delicate open network 
 cocoons. 
 
 The pale spot in the cilia of the anterior wings appears to indi- 
 cate an affinity to the species of the genus Glyphipteryx. 
 
 The genus may be thus subdivided : — 
 a. Anterior wings oblong. Species 1. 
 a a. Anterior wings elongate. Species 2-4. 
 
 1. perlepidella, Sta. Cat. p. 19 (1849). Alis anticis aurantiis 
 nigro-sutfusis, fascia fere recta ante medium lutea (squamis cfcruleo-gri- 
 seis in medio interrupta), fascia obliqua postica lutea (squamis ca;ruleo- 
 griseis valde interrupta), maculis duabus posticis costae luteis, apice 
 ceeruleo-atro. Exp. al. 5 lin. 
 
 Head ferruginous. Pace fuscous. Palpi yellowish. Antenna; yel- 
 lowish, annulated with fuscous. Anterior wings orange, much suffused 
 with black, especially towards the base and along the costa, with a pale 
 yellow nearly straight fascia before the middle (which appears somewhat 
 interrupted by some bluish-grey scales in the middle) ; beyond it is a 
 second pale yellow fascia more obliquely placed (the central portion of 
 which is entirely suffused with bluish-grey, leaving only a distinct pale 
 yellow spot on each margin); beyond this are two small pale yellow 
 spots on the costa, which soon unite, and arc continued as a bluish fas- 
 cia nearly across the wing ; the entire apical portion of the wing is 
 
ACROLEPIA. 171 
 
 nearly filled up with bluish-black j cilia orange, mixed with bluish-grey. 
 Posterior wings grey, with paler cilia. 
 
 This beautiful species is extremely rare; a specimen recently 
 taken at Darenth Wood, in May, is in Mr. Shepherd's collection. 
 Mr. Douglas has a specimen, of the locality of which he is not 
 aware. 
 
 2. granitella, Treit. E. S. ix. 2. 265 (1833) j F. v. R. pi. 8 j 
 Zell. ; l)up. ? Alis anticis griseo, albo, fuscoque mannoratis, macula 
 fusca dorsali ante medium, utrinque albido-niaculata, macula altera 
 fusca, maculam parvain albam includcnte, ad angulum analem. Exp. 
 al. 6 lin. 
 
 Head greyish-fuscous. Face grey. Palpi grey, with two fuscous 
 rings. Antenna; whitish, simulated with fuscous. Anterior wings 
 marbled with grey, white and fuscous, with two more conspicuous fus- 
 cous spots on the inner margin, one before the middle reaching to the 
 fold, with a whitish spot on each side of it, the other towards the anal 
 angle not crossing the fold, and including a small white spot on the 
 inner margin ; beyond the middle of the costa are four or five fuscous 
 spots, the two last of which are preceded by whitish spots ; cilia grey- 
 ish-fuscous. Posterior wings grey, with paler cilia. 
 
 Appears in July among Inula dyscnlerica, continuing through- 
 out the autumn, hybernated specimens occurring as late as June, 
 when the larva; are already nearly full-fed, mining the leaves of 
 that plant. 
 
 3. pygmseana, Haw. L. B. '138 (1812). — autumnitella, Curt. — 
 Ltfebvriella, l)up. xi. pi. 290. f. 11.— Heleniella, Zell.; H.-S.— Vige- 
 liella, Hup. ? Alis anticis brunneo albidoque mannoratis, macula tri- 
 angulari squamas nonnullas nigras includeiite, in medio dorsi, albida, 
 macula obliqua costa; pone medium nigra, stria postica disci nigra. 
 Exp. al. Bi lin. 
 
 Head ferruginous. Face fuscous. Palpi whitish, with two faint 
 fuscous rings. Antenna; whitish, annulated with fuscous. Anterior 
 wings marbled with pale brown and whitish, with a rather conspicuous 
 triangular whitish spot, including some black scales on the middle of 
 the inner margin ; on the costa a little beyond the middle is a short 
 oblique black spot ; towards the apex are three small whitish spots on 
 the costa and two on the inner margin ; on the disc near the apex is a 
 short black streak, followed by some bluish-grey scales ; cilia fuscous, 
 with a pale yellowish dash in the middle of the hinder margin. Pos- 
 terior wings grey, paler at the base, with paler grey cilia. 
 
 Appears in the autumn, but rarely met with till the spring, 
 when they are occasionally seen Hying on hot sunny afternoons. 
 I well remember finding three specimens on such an afternoon, 
 on the 8rd of April, 1848. The larva may be met with from 
 July to September, mining the leaves of Solatium Dulcamara, 
 
172 OLYPHIPTERYOIDiE. 
 
 rather gregariously, there being generally twenty or more on one 
 plant. 
 
 4. Betulella, Curt. B. E. fo. 679 (1838). 
 Taken by Mr. Dale on birch-trees at Castle Eden Dene, in Au- 
 gust; unique in his collection. 
 
 Genus II. ROSLERSTAMMIA. 
 
 Rbslerstammia p., Zell. Isis, 1839. p. 202; Dup. Adela p., Treit. 
 Capilli in oecipite et vertice hirsuti, cseterum decumbentes. Ocelli nulli. 
 Antenna; crassiuscala, filiformcs, microscope pubescente-ciliata:, cor- 
 pore longiores. Hnustellum mediocre, nudum. Palpi labiales, fili- 
 formes, mediocres, penduli vcl subporrecti, articulo teitio pra:cedentem 
 longitudine et crassitie subicquante, acuto. Ala; oblongie, posteriores 
 ovata?, ciliis mediocribus ; anteriores : vena apicalis f areata, infra 
 earn rami 5 inter se distantes ; cellula secundaria bene indicata ; sub- 
 mediana; apex incrassatus ; vena subdorsalis longe furcata ; poste- 
 riores : cellula costalis clongata ; vena apicalis 'simplex, infra earn 
 vena; dure simplices; vena? discoidalis rami duo ultimi furcam for- 
 mant. 
 
 The crown and back of the head rough, the remainder with decumbent 
 scales. Ocelli none. Antenna; rather thick, filiform (viewed through 
 a lens, with pubescent ciliations), longer than the body. Tongue of mo- 
 derate length, naked. Labial palpi filiform, of moderate length, droop- 
 ing or rather porrect ; the third joint nearly equal in length and thick- 
 ness to the second, pointed. Wings oblong, the posterior ovate, with 
 moderate cilia. In the anterior wings the apical vein is furcate, below 
 it are five veins at equal distances ; the secondary cell is well indicated ; 
 the apex of the submedian vein is thickened ; the subdorsal vein has a 
 long fork. In the posterior wings the costal cell is elongate ; the 
 apical vein is simple, below it are two simple veins ; the two last 
 branches of the discoidal vein form a fork. 
 
 There is only one species in this genus, which has some resem- 
 blance to an Adela. 
 
 1. Erxlebella, Fab. Man. ii. 256. 27 (\m).—fu<sco-cuprella, 
 Haw. ; Step. — chryutella, Trcit. — mncella, Dup. ? — Erxlebeniella, Lie- 
 nig P Alis anticis nitide cupreis, dorsum versus dilutioribus. Exp. al. 
 H lin. 
 
 Head dark yellow. Face and palpi pale yellow. Antenna; black, a 
 short space before the apex white. Anterior wings bright-coppery, to- 
 wards the inner margin rather paler; cilia coppery-grey. Posterior 
 wings violet-fuscous, with paler cilia. 
 
 Appears in June, on bcatlis, but hitherto very scarce. (Ac- 
 
GLYPHIPTEUYX. 173 
 
 cording to Tischer, the larva feeds on heath, drawing the leaves 
 together by its silken threads, and is full-grown at the end of 
 June ; the perfect insect appears in July or August. Lienig says 
 that the larva lives on the underside of the leaves of the lime in 
 May and September. From the habitats of the insect with us, 
 Tischer's account is more probably correct.) 
 
 Genus III. GLYPHIPTERYX. 
 
 Glyphipteryx p., Hub. V. 421 (1816). JEchmia p., Treit. ; Dup. ; 
 
 Zell. (Ecophora p., Zett. Ileribeia et Callisto p., Step. 
 Caput tevigatura. Frons lata. Ocelli magni, pone oculos. Antennae 
 tenues, corpore breviorcs, articulis distinctis. Haustellum mediocre, 
 nudum. I'alpi labiales arcuati, crassiusculi, infra setoso-pilosuli, 
 articulo tertio acuminato, prtecedentem longitudine requante. Ate 
 oblongae vel elongatae, mediocriter ciliatae, posteriores subovatae vel 
 lanceolatae ; anteriorcs : vena apicalis simplex ante apicem excurrit, 
 infra cam rami 6 ' discreti ; cellula secundaria bene indicata ; sub- 
 mediana rai'ius incrassata; subdorsalis breviter furcata ; posteriores: 
 cellula costalis elongata ; vena apicalis simplex, infra earn venae duae 
 separata?. 
 
 Head smooth. Forehead broad. Ocelli large, behind the eyes. 
 Antennae slender, shorter than the body, with distinct joints. Tongue 
 of moderate length, naked. Labial palpi arched, rather thick, beneath 
 with rather bristly hairs ; terminal joint pointed, as long as the second. 
 Wings oblong or elongate, with moderately long cilia ; the posterior 
 rather ovate, or lanceolate. In the anterior wings the simple apical 
 vein runs into the costa before the apex ; below it are six separate 
 veins ; the secondary cell is well indicated ; the submedian vein is 
 rarely thickened towards the apex (slightly so in fuscoviridella and 
 Thrasonella, but not at all in the other species) ; the subdorsal vein 
 has a short fork (in fuscoviridella and Thrasonella, being simple in the 
 remaining species). In the posterior wings the costal cell is elongate ; 
 the apical vein is simple ; below it are two separate veins. 
 
 It is difficult to subdivide this genus, the change from one 
 species to another being so gradual ; thus fuscoviridella agrees 
 with Thrasonella, in having the antennae pubescent ; yet Thraso- 
 nella differs from fuscoviridella in having the anterior wings 
 slightly retuse below the rounded apex, in which respect it 
 agrees with Haworthana, equitella, etc. ; again Haworthana has 
 rather ovate posterior wings, with only moderate cilia ; whereas 
 equitella and the following species have lanceolate posterior wings 
 with longer cilia. 
 
174 GLYPHIPTEltYGIDE. 
 
 In habit all the perfect insects of this genus are true day- 
 fliers, flying in the sunshine from May to July ; and when at 
 rest alternately raising and depressing the wings, which cha- 
 racteristic may easily be observed with Tkrasonella, which may 
 be found swarming amongst rushes everywhere in June ; fusco- 
 viridella has the same peculiarity, though in a less degree than 
 the other species, it frequents flowery places among short grass, 
 in May and June ; the little Fischerietta shows no especial par- 
 tiality for any particular plant, but I have often observed it sit- 
 ting on the flowers of Anthriscus sylvestris, the white petals of 
 which served to show off to advantage the nearly black wings of 
 the elegant species ; I have also observed it swarming round the 
 twigs of young fir-trees. 
 
 None of the larvae of this genus were known till Mr. Weir 
 discovered last summer that of equitetta, feeding inside the shoots 
 of the Sedum acre ; it exhibited no peculiarity in structure; the 
 larvae of the other species still remain undiscovered. 
 
 1. fuscoviridella, Haw. L. B. 569 (1829); Step.— albicostella, 
 Dup. xi. pi. 302. f. 3. Alis anticis viridi-ceneis, ipsa costa pone me- 
 dium alba. Exp. al. 6-6J lin. 
 
 Head and face dark bronzy-green. Palpi fuscous. Antenna! dark 
 fuscous. Anterior wings shining bronzy-green, with the extreme costa 
 beyond the middle white ; cilia pale bronzy-green, with the tips white. 
 Posterior wings grey, with paler cilia. 
 
 Very abundant in flowery meadows, and in open places in 
 woods, from the middle of May to the middle of June. 
 
 2. Thrasonella, Scop. P. C. 253. 658 (1763); Dup. xi. pi. 304. 
 f. 1, 2; P. v. R. pi. 83. f. l.—Fueslella, ¥ab.—I<yeslella, Pab. ; Step. 
 — Seppdta, Hub. — trigutlella, Don. — Aillyella, Hub, — equitetta, var. 
 Seppella, Treit. Alis anticis saturate viridi-asneis, strigulis quinque 
 costa? (ad costam ipsam albis) strigulisque duabus dorsi {prima media 
 
 fere obsoleta) caruleo-argenteis, macula oblonga ad angulum analem atra, 
 puncta tria violaceo-argcutea includente, apicc saturate /««co-squamato. 
 Exp. al. 6-6^ lin. 
 
 Head and face dark fuscous. Palpi whitish, with two dark fuscous 
 rings. Antenna; fuscous. Anterior wings dark bronzy-green, with five 
 bluish-siloery streaks from the costa, which arc white immediately on 
 the costa, with a faint bluish-silvery streak from the middle of the inner 
 margin, and a more distinct one towards the anal angle ; above the 
 anal angle is a black blotch, enclosing three silvery-violet spots; at the 
 apex are a few dark fuscous scales; cilia greenish-bronze, with the tips 
 whitish. Posterior wings grey, with paler cilia. 
 
 Very abundant amongst rushes in June and July, throughout 
 the country. There is considerable diversity in the size of the 
 
CiLYPHIPTEKYX. 176 
 
 .specimens, and the distinctness of the markings, but I have been 
 unable to distinguish more than one species. 
 
 3. Haworthana, Step. II. iv. 262. pi. 39. f. 2 (1834).— Zonella, 
 Zett. Alis anticis saturate viridi-oencis, strigula dislincliore curvata 
 alba in medio dorsi, strigulis posticis quinque costa;, una dorsi ad an- 
 gulum analem, albis, apicibus argenteis, maculis tribus supra angulum 
 analcm argenteis, apice atro-squamalo. Exp. al. 6 lin. 
 
 Head and face dark fuscous. Palpi white, beneath fuscous. An- 
 tenna; fuscous. Anterior wings dark bronzy-green, with a conspicuous 
 curved white streak on the middle of the inner margin ; beyond are five 
 short white streaks from the costa and one from the inner margin at 
 the anal angle, all with silvery apices ; above the anal angle are three 
 silvery spots ; at the apex of the wing are a fete black scales, not forming 
 a round spot ; an inconspicuous dark hook runs through the cilia ; cilia 
 dark fuscous, the tips whitish. Posterior wings grey, with whitish cilia. 
 
 Occurs on heaths, iu the north of England, in May and July. 
 
 4. equitella, Scop. F. C. 254. 659 (1763) ; Treit. ; Zell. ; P.v.R. 
 pi. 82. f. 2. — SkmaimeUa, lab. — Forsterella, Pab. ? Haw.? — hmnerella, 
 Step.? Alis anticis saturate ameo-griseis, basim versus dilutioribus, 
 strigula curvata in medio dorsi, slrignlaque opposita obliqua costa, dis- 
 tinctioribus albis, strigulis posticis quatuor costa;, una dorsi ad angu- 
 lum analem, albis, apicibus argenteis, maculis duabus supra angulum 
 analem violaceo-argenteis, punclo apicis atro. Exp. al. 4^ lin. 
 
 Head dark fuscous. Pace grey. Palpi white, with four black rings. 
 Antenna; dark fuscous. Anterior wings dark bronzy-grey, paler at the 
 base, with a conspicuous curved white streak from the middle of the 
 inner margin, terminating in the middle of the wing, where it nearly 
 meets a conspicuous oblique tohile streak from the costa ; beyond the 
 latter are four short, nearly straight, white streaks, with silvery apices, 
 and from the anal angle is a white streak with a silvery apex, almost 
 meeting the second costal streak ; above the anal angle arc two silvery- 
 violet spots ; in the apex is a round black spot, above which is a black 
 hook projecting through the cilia ; cilia very dark brown, tips whitish. 
 Posterior wings grey, with a slight violet tint, with paler cilia. 
 
 Abundant at the end of June and beginning of July, flying 
 over the blossoms of stonccrop (Sedum acre) . The larva burrows 
 in the shoots of that plant in May. 
 
 5. oculatella, Zell. Ent. Ztg. 1850. p. 157; H.-S. Tin. pi. 39. 
 f. 265 ; Sta. — Lucasella, Hup. ? Alis anticis saturate ameo-brunncis, 
 strigula in medio dorsi s«4curvata distinctiore alba, strigulis posticis 
 quinque costa;, una dorsi ad angulum analem albis, apicibus argenteis, 
 maculis tribus supra angulum analem violaceo-argenteis, punclo apicis 
 atro argenleo-pupillalo. Exp. al. 4^ lin. 
 
 Head and face dark fuscous. Palpi whitish. Antenna; dark fus- 
 cous. Anterior wings dark bronzy-brown, with a conspicuous slightly 
 
176 GLYPHIPTEHYCIDyE. 
 
 curved white streak on the middle of the inner margin ; beyond are 
 five short white streaks from the costa with silvery apices, and a small 
 white streak from the anal angle with its apex silvery ; above the anal 
 angle are three silvery-violet spots, and in the apex of the wing is a round 
 black spot, with a silvery pupil ; above this a little black hook projects 
 through the cilia ; cilia dark brown, the tips whitish. Posterior wings 
 greyish-brown, with paler cilia. 
 
 Taken by Mr. Weir, near Peinbury, in June, among Eupato- 
 rium cannabinum. 
 
 6. Fischeriella, Zell. Isis, 1 839. p. 204.— Roslerslammella,~F. v.R. 
 (desiderella), pi. 82. f. 3 ; Dup. — desideratella, Dup. — Forsterella, Step.P 
 — Forsterella, var. /3. Haw.? — simplicella, Step.? — cognatella, Step.? 
 — equilella, Dup. ? — yEchmiella, Dup. ? Alis anticis saturatissime teneo- 
 griscis, strigulis quinque costa;, duabus dorsi (prima in medio curvata), 
 albis, apicibus argenteis, macula supra angulum analera violacea, puncto 
 apicis atro. Exp. al. 3^—4 lin. 
 
 Head and face dark fuscous. Palpi white, with four black rings. 
 Antennae fuscous. Anterior wings very dark bronzy-grey, with two 
 white streaks on the inner margin, the first near the middle curved and 
 pointing towards the apex of the wing, the second at the anal angle 
 short and nearly straight ; on the costa are five white streaks, the first 
 about the middle, placed obliquely pointing towards the anal angle, 
 the second is less obliquely placed, and the other three are shorter and 
 nearly straight j all these streaks have their apices silvery ; above the 
 anal angle is a violet spot, and at the apex of the wing is a round black 
 spot, above which is a little black hook projecting through the cilia ; 
 cilia dark brown, the tips whitish. Posterior wings violet-grey, with 
 paler cilia. 
 
 From May to July, this species is frequently abundant among 
 flowers, in most localities. 
 
 Genus IV. JECHMIA. 
 
 /Echmia p., Zell. Isis, 1839. p. 203. 
 
 Capilli depressi. Frons lata. Ocelli nulli. Antenna? crassiuscula, 
 filiformes (microscope pubescentes), articulo basali brevi. Haustel- 
 lum subnullum. Palpi maxillares filiformes, conniventes. Palpi 
 labiales breves, penduli, filiformes, articulo tcrtio distincto acuminate 
 Ala; longe ciliataj, anteriores laliicscula ciliis valde diktats, dorso 
 denlem squamarum gerenle, posteriores lanceolato-ovatse ; anteriores : 
 ccllula discoidalis obtusa, secundaria nulla ; vena apicalis furcata, 
 infra earn 5 valde distantes ; submediana vix inerassata ; subdorsalis 
 longe furcata ; posteriores : cellula costalis elongate, angusta ; vena 
 apicalis simplex, infra earn venas duee discretae; vena; discoidalis 
 rami duo ultimi scparati. 
 
PERITTIA. 177 
 
 Head smooth. Forehead broad. Ocelli none. Antennae rather 
 thick, filiform (viewed through a lens, pubescent), the basal joint short. 
 Tongue very short, barely perceptible. Maxillary palpi filiform, con- 
 nivent. Labial palpi short, drooping, filiform, the third joint distinct, 
 pointed. Wings" with long cilia, the anterior rather broad, appearing 
 considerably broader from the cilia, the inner margin bearing a project- 
 ing tooth of scales, the posterior ovate-lanceolate. In the anterior wings 
 the diseoidal cell is obtuse ; there is no secondary cell ; the apical vein 
 is forked ; below it are five remote veins ; the subracdian is hardly 
 thickened ; the subdorsal has a long fork. In the posterior wings the 
 costal cell is narrow and elongate, the apical vein is simple, below it 
 are two separate veins ; the two last branches of the diseoidal cell are 
 not united in a fork. 
 
 Only a single species is known in this genus, and little is known 
 of its habits ; the larva is entirely unknown. 
 
 1. dentella, Zell. Isis, 1839, p. 204; F. v. P. pi. 83. f. 3.— sub- 
 
 dentella, Sta. — atrella, Step. Alis anticis saturate fuscis, albido-irro- 
 ratis, maculis duabus obsolctis dorsi dilutioribus, dente e medio dorsi 
 saturate fusca. Exp. al. 4£ lin. 
 
 Head and face dark fuscous. Palpi grey. Antenna? fuscous. An- 
 terior wings dark fuscous, irrorated with whitish scales, with two indis- 
 tinct pale spots on the inner margin, one a little before the middle, the 
 other at the anal angle ; in the middle of the inner margin is a pro- 
 jecting tooth of dark fuscous scales ; cilia dark fuscous. Posterior 
 wings dark grey, with paler cilia. 
 
 Not common ; occurs at Sanderstead, in May. I met with it 
 near Chudleigh, in June, flying from a hawthorn hedge. 
 
 Genus V. PERITTIA, n. g. 
 
 Capilli depressi. Ocelli nulli. Antenna; lenues, mediocres. Haustellum 
 mediocre, squamatum. Palpi labiales mediocres, lennes, filiforincs, 
 acuti, pcnduli. Ate longe oiliatse, antcriores elongate, posteriores 
 lanceolate ; antcriores : cellula discoidalis acuta, ex angulo suo api- 
 cali furcam in ate apicem einittens, in costam venas duas, in niar- 
 gincm posticum vena9 tres ; cellula secundaria nulla ; submediana 
 breviter incrassata; subdorsalis simplex; posteriores: cellula cos- 
 talis perangusta pone medium desinens ; venro subdorsalis et mediana 
 furcata, inter cas vena unica e venula transversa procodit. 
 Head smooth. Ocelli none. Antennoe slender, moderately long. 
 Tongue of moderate length, clothed with scales. Labial palpi mode- 
 rately long, slender, filiform, pointed, drooping. Wings with long cilia, 
 the anterior elongate, the posterior lanceolate. In the anterior wings 
 the acute diseoidal cell emits from its apical angle a fork into the apex 
 of the wing, two veins to the eosta, and three to the hinder margin ; 
 
 VOL. III. 2 A 
 
178 GLYPIIIPTETtYGID.*!. 
 
 there is no secondary cell ; the submedinn is thickened for a short 
 distance ; the subdorsal vein is simple. In the posterior wings the very 
 narrow costal cell terminates beyond the middle, the subdorsal and 
 median veins arc furcate, between them a single vein proceeds from the 
 transverse vein. 
 
 There is only one species in this genus ; it appears early in the 
 spring, and flies willingly in the afternoon among mixed hedges ; 
 when at rest it has a singular bull-headed appearance, with a 
 slight resemblance to a Butalis. Its larva is unknown. 
 
 1. obscurepunctella, Sta. Zool. 1848. p. 2164.— olece, Haw.?— 
 oleella, Step. ? Alis anticis nitidis grisco-fuscis, punctis duobus obso- 
 letis (altero plica: media:, altero postcriore disci) fnscis. Exp. al. 4.V lin. 
 
 Head and face greyish-fuscous. Palpi paler. Antenna: fuscous. 
 Anterior wings shining greyish-fuscous, with two indistinct fuscous 
 spots, one in the middle on the fold, followed by a few whitish scales, 
 the other on the disc rather beyond the middle ; cilia greyish-fuscous. 
 Posterior wings pale grey, with paler cilia. 
 
 Not scarce near London early in May; also occurs near Bristol. 
 
 Genus VI. TINAGMA. 
 
 Tinagma, Dup. Cat. 361 (1844). Microsetia p., Step. J'khmia p., 
 
 Zcll. 
 Capilli depressi. Prons lata. Ocelli nulli. Antenna: breves, crasste, 
 valde compresses. Haustcllum nullum. Palpi maxillares breves, aeuti. 
 Palpi labialcs breves, filiformes, acuti, penduli. Ala: longc ciliata:, 
 antcriores postice ciliis dilatatis, posteriorcs lanceolatsc ; antcriorcs : 
 cellula discoidalis acuta, ex angulo suo apicali furcam in alae apieem 
 emittens, in costam venas duas, in margiuem posticura venas Ires ; 
 cellula secundaria nulla ; submediana non incrassata ; vena subdor- 
 salis crassa, simplex ; posteriores : cellula costalis perangusta in me- 
 dio desinens ; vena: subdorsalis et mediana simplices, inter eas vena 
 libera unica in marginem posticum exit. 
 
 Head smooth. Porehead broad. Ocelli none. Antenna: short, 
 thick, very much compressed. Tongue none. Maxillary palpi short, 
 pointed. Labial palpi short, filiform, pointed, drooping. Wings with 
 long cilia, the anterior with the cilia expanded posteriorly; the poste- 
 rior lanceolate. In the anterior wings the acute discoidal cell emits 
 from its apical angle a fork into the apex of the wing, two veins to the 
 costa, and three to the hinder margin ; there is no secondary cell ; the 
 submedian vein is not thickened ; the thick subdorsal vein is simple. 
 In the posterior wings the extremely narrow costal cell terminates in 
 the middle ; the subdorsal and median veins are simple ; between them 
 a single free vein runs into the hinder margin. 
 
D0DB1ASIA. 179 
 
 Three closely-allied British species arc known in this genus; 
 they fly in the hot sunshine, and when they alight on a leaf run 
 nimbly on it, frequently making short jerking movements. The 
 position of the wings in repose is rather peculiar, as they form a 
 very acute angle at their union over the back, as in Cillx spinula. 
 None of the larvae have yet been discovered. 
 
 1. sericiellum, Haw. L. B. 585 (1829); Step. — metallicella, 
 Dup. ; Zell. ; E. v. R. pi. 84. f. 2. — Alis anticis nitidis ajneo-giiscis, 
 macula parva dorsi propc basim, maculaque majore dorsi pone medium 
 albidis. Exp. al. 3| lin. 
 
 Head, face, and palpi dark greenish-bronze. Antennae dark fuscous. 
 Anterior wings shining, bronzy-grey, with a small whitish spot on the 
 inner margin near the base, and a large one beyond the middle of the 
 inner margin ; cilia pale bronzy-grey. Posterior wings violet-grey, 
 with pale grey cilia. 
 
 Abundant among oaks in May. 
 
 2. Stanneellum, E. v. E. 245. Anm. (1840); Sta. Alis anticis 
 nitidis dilute ameo-griseis, macula obsoleta dorsi pone medium albida. 
 Exp. al. 2 £-3 lin. 
 
 Head, face, and palpi pale bronzy-grey. Antennas dark fuscous. An- 
 terior wings shining, pale bronzy-grey, with a faint whitish spot on the 
 inner margin beyond the middle; cilia pale bronzy-grey. Posterior 
 wings violet-grey, with pale grey cilia. 
 
 Occurs, with the preceding, among oaks in May, but less 
 abundant. 
 
 3. resplendellum (Dough), Sta. Sup. Cat. p. 6. 1851. — metalli- 
 cella, Sta. Alis anticis nitidis saturalissime ameo-griseis, macula parva 
 dorsi prope basim, maculaque majore dorsi pone medium albis. Exp. 
 al. 2J--3 lin. 
 
 Head, face, and palpi dark bronzy-grey. Antenna; dark fuscous. 
 Anterior wings shining, very dark bronzy-grey, with a small white spot 
 on the inner margin near the base, and a larger while spot on the inner 
 margin beyond the middle ; cilia bronzy-grey. Posterior wings violet- 
 grey, with paler cilia. 
 
 Taken at West Wickham, Dartford Heath, and near Bristol, 
 towards the end of June, among oaks. 
 
 Genus VII. DOUGLASIA. 
 
 Caput laovigatum. Ocelli nulli. Antennas crassiusculae, alarum ante- 
 riorum dimidium superantes. Haustellum nudum. Palpi labiales 
 subpenduli, squamis incrassati, apicc obtuso. Ala; longc ciliatee, 
 anteriores elongala, postcriores acuminata ; anteriores : cellula dis- 
 
180 AHGYRESTHID/E. 
 
 ooidalis venas tres in costam, venam rurcatam in apioem, venas tres 
 in inargincm posticum emittit; subdorsals furcata ; posterioves : 
 vena discoidalis trifida, ramum unnm in costam, vainos duos in mar- 
 ginem posticum mittens, infra earn vena unica libera. 
 Head smooth. Ocelli none. Antenna} rather thick, longer than the 
 half of the anterior wings. Tongue naked. Labial palpi rather droop- 
 ing, thickened with scales, with the apex blunt. Wings with long 
 cilia, the anterior elongate, the posterior acuminate. In the anterior 
 wings the discoidal cell emits from its apical angle three veins to the 
 costa, a furcate vein to the apex of the wing, and three to the hinder 
 margin ; the subdorsal vein is furcate ; in the posterior wings the dis- 
 coidal vein is trifid, sending one branch to the costa and two to the 
 hinder margin ; below it is a single free vein. 
 
 Only one species is known in this genus, which unites the 
 habits, as it combines the structure, of Tmagma and Gracilaria ; 
 having the anterior part of the body slightly raised in repose, yet 
 having the sharp jerking motions of a Tmagma ; it frequents the 
 JEchiwm vulgare when in blossom ; its larva is unknown. 
 
 1. Ocnerostomella, Sta. Ent. Trans, i. n. s. Proc. 6 (1850). 
 Alis anticis nitide griseis, macula dilutiore obsoleta dorsal! pone me- 
 dium. Exp. al. S-J — 4 lin. 
 
 Head and face shining grey. Palpi pale grey. Antennoe fuscous. 
 Anterior wings shining grey, with an obsolete paler spot beyond the 
 middle of the inner margin ; cilia grey, mixed with paler and darker 
 scales. Posterior wings greyish-fuscous, with grcyish-oehreous cilia. 
 
 Common among JEchlnm vulgare, at the beginning of July, 
 flying at dusk. 1 have taken it abundantly at Box Hill. 
 
 Family VII. AKGYRESTHIDJ3. 
 
 Capilli hirsuti, epistomio lavigato. Palpi maxillares nulli. Palpi la- 
 biates breviusculi, articulo terminali subacuto vcl obtuso. Alaj an- 
 teriores elongatae, posteriores lanceolatre, longe ciliatse. 
 Head rough; the face smooth. Maxillary palpi none. Labial palpi 
 
 rather short ; the terminal joint hardly acute, or obtuse. Anterior wings 
 
 elongate ; the posterior lanceolate, with long cilia. 
 
 The four genera in this family have considerable affinity with 
 
 each other, though differing in several points ; they may be readily 
 
 distinguished as follows : — 
 
 a. Anterior wings not subfalcatc. 
 
 h. Palpi rather short, with appressed scales; terminal joint rather 
 
 pointed. 1. Augyhestiiia. 
 b b. Palpi shorter, thicker, and hairy. 2. Cedestis. 
 
AKGYHESTHiA. 181 
 
 bbb. Palpi extremely short. 3. Ocnebostoma. 
 a as. Anterior wings subfalcate. Palpi rather short and thick ; the ter- 
 minal joint obtuse. 4. Zelleria. 
 
 Genus I. ARGYRESTHIA. 
 
 Argyresthia p., Hub. V. 422 (1816) j Zcll. Ederesa (et Argyrosetia), 
 Curt. (Ecophora p., Treit. ; Dup. ; Zett. Erminea p. et Tinea p., 
 Haw. Ismene et Argyrosetia, Step. 
 Capilli hirsuti, cpistomio laevigata. Antennae alis anterioribus brcviores 
 (articulo basali clongato, incrassato), artieulis distinctis. Haustellum 
 breve, nudum. Palpi labiales penduli vel subporrccti, squamis ap- 
 pressis, articulo secundo apice incrassato, articulo tcrminali subacute 
 Alae longc ciliatae, anteriores elongatae, postcriores lanceolatae ; an- 
 teriores : venae ex cellulse discoidalis parte postica novcm octove ori- 
 untur, apicalis simplex vcl furcata ; subdorsalis simplex ; posteriores: 
 vena apicalis ante apicem exit, infra cam vena furcata, et venae duac 
 simplices e venula transversa. 
 
 Head rough ; the face smooth. Antennae shorter than the anterior 
 wings, with distinct joints ; the elongate basal joint is thickened. 
 Tongue short and naked. Labial palpi drooping or rather porrected, 
 with oppressed scales ; the second joint with the apex thickened ; the 
 terminal joint rather acute. Wings with long cilia, the anterior elon- 
 gate, the posterior lanceolate. In the anterior wings eight or nine 
 veins arise from the hinder portion of the discoidal cell ; the apical 
 vein is simple or furcate ; the subdorsal is simple. In the posterior 
 wings the apical vein runs into the costa before the apex ; below it are 
 a furcate vein, and two simple veins from the transverse vein. 
 
 The perfect insects of this genus may be at once recognized 
 when at rest, as the hind pair of legs are laid alongside of the 
 body, which is elevated at an angle of 45°, the head of the 
 insect being almost in contact with the substance on which it 
 rests ; they thus stand on the first four legs only, whence Linnaeus 
 named one of the species tetrapodella. The species are found in 
 hedges, trees, and bushes, from May to September, each species 
 generally keeping out for a long time, and, as they very readily fly, 
 they soon get wasted. The larvae feed in the leaf-buds, destroying 
 or crippling the growth of a young shoot, yet the luxuriance of 
 vegetation is so great that no apparent ill effects are produced by 
 a considerable number of the larvae feeding on the same plant j 
 of some species (according to llatzeburg) the larvae assume the 
 pupa-state inside the shoot, but more generally the larvae descend 
 by their silken threads to the ground (idtidclla may often be seen 
 so descending from a hawthorn hedge in May), and form on the 
 ground amongst leaves a rather open network cocoon. 
 
132 ABGYRBSTHIDiE. 
 
 There is considerable similarity among the species, but they 
 may be arranged in the following table : — 
 
 a. Anterior wings with a white streak along the inner margin, inter- 
 rupted in the middle. Species 1-10. 
 a a. Anterior wings with no dorsal streak (a variety of Species 20 ex- 
 cepted). 
 
 b. Anterior wings with numerous fuscous spots, and witli a transverse 
 blotch on the disc, or fascia, beyond the middle. Sp. 11, 15, 16. 
 b b. Anterior wings without spots. 
 
 c. With no fascia near the base. Species 14. 
 c c. With a fascia or fasoieeform blotch, near the base. Species 
 17-20. 
 b b b. Anterior wings of a marbled appearance. Species 12, 13. 
 b b b b. Anterior wings unicolorous. Species 21-23. 
 b b b b b. Anterior wings white, with two dark streaks from the base. 
 Species 24. 
 
 1. ephippella, Fab. G. I. 297 (1776); Sta.— Pruniella, Hub. 
 Tin. 175; Treit. ; Dup. ; Zell. ; Liun. P — tetrapodella, Step. — comella, 
 Scop. ? Alis anticis ochreo-brunneis, dorso albo, pone medium fascia 
 subobliqua saturate fusca interrupto, strigulis tribus costa; apicem versus 
 albis. Exp. al. 5.V lin. 
 
 Head, face, and palpi white. Antennae white, annulated with dark 
 fuscous. Anterior wings ochreous-brown, with the inner margin white, 
 interrupted beyond the middle by a dark brown, nearly perpendicularly 
 placed spot, which can be traced rather obliquely across the wing as a 
 fascia, terminating on the costa ; beyond it the inner margin is whitish 
 to the anal angle, and on the costa are three small white spots : cilia 
 greyish-brown. Posterior wings grey, with paler cilia. 
 
 Common in the south of England, but more abundant in the 
 north; frequenting gardens and hedges in June and July. Mr. 
 Logan has bred it from larva; feeding in the shoots of the 
 cherry. 
 
 2. nitidella, Eab. Man. ii. 241. 12 (1787); Zell. ; Sta. j W. V.P 
 — Pruni, Haw. — Pruniella, Step. ; W. V.P — tetrapodella, Linn. ? — cur- 
 vella, Zett. ? — var. ossea, Haw. ; Step. Alis anticis dilutissime ochreo- 
 brunneis, stria ex medio bascos saturatiorc, dorso albo, fascia curvata 
 saturate brunnea in apicem ducta pone medium interrupto, strigulis 
 tribus costa; apicem versus albidis. Exp. al. 5i lin, 
 
 Var. Alis anticis lacteis, dorso nivco, stria basali, maculaque dorsali 
 obsolctis. 
 
 Head, face, and palpi white. Antenme white, annulated with dark 
 fuscous. Anterior wings very pale oclireous-brown, with a darker 
 streak from the middle of the base ; the inner margin is white, inter- 
 rupted beyond the middle by a curved dark brown fascia, which termi- 
 nates in the apex of the wing ; above it arc two or three small whitish 
 
AKGYHESTIIIA. 183 
 
 spots on the costa ; cilia greyish-ochreous. Posterior wings grey, with 
 paler cilia. 
 
 In the variety ossea the anterior wings are cream-colour, the inner 
 margin remaining white, and the dark basal streak and dark spot on 
 the inner margin becoming rather obsolete. 
 
 Very abundant among hawthorn in Juno and July. The larva 
 feeds in the leaf-buds of the hawthorn in May. 
 
 3. purpurascentella, Sta. Zool. 1849. App. v. Alis antieis 
 purpurascenle-griseis, costam versus dilutioribus, dorso albo, macula 
 obliqua fusca in apicem obsolctius producta, pone medium interrupto, 
 punctis duobus costie apicem versus albis. Exp. al. 5 lin. 
 
 Head white, with a few grey hairs. Face and palpi white. Antennas 
 white, annulnted with dark fuscous. Anterior wings grey ink- purple, 
 paler on the costa, with the inner margin white, interrupted beyond 
 the middle by an obliquely placed fuscous spot, which, though very in- 
 distinctly, appears to be continued towards the apex of the wing; on 
 the costa before the apex arc two or three small white spots ; cilia 
 greyish-purple. Posterior wings grey, with paler cilia. 
 
 I have only two specimens taken near Sheffield and in the 
 south of Scotland, in July. I do not feel quite confident that it 
 is distinct from nitidella. 
 
 4. semitestacella, Curt. Ent. Mag. i. 191 (1833); Id. B. E. fo. 
 719 ; Step. ; Sta. — parenihesella, Z. g. S. ? Alis antieis ochreis, dorso 
 usque medium niveo, macula saturate ochrea terminate. Exp. al. 6- 
 6 a lin. 
 
 Head white, with a few yellowish hairs. Eace white. Palpi yellow- 
 ish. Antennae white, annulated with dark fuscous. Anterior wings 
 ochreous, with the inner margin white to the middle, where there is a 
 dark ochreous spot, beyond which are only a few whitish scales on the 
 inner margin ; cilia greyish-ochrcous. Posterior wings grey, with paler 
 cilia. 
 
 Common among beeches in August and September. 
 
 5. spiniella, Zcll. Isis, 1839, p. 204; Sta. Alis antieis luteo- 
 brunneis, dorso albo, macula saturate I'usca (sa:pe id fascia obliqua obso- 
 lete producta) pone medium interrupto, costa albo fuscoque punctata, 
 strigulis duabus ante apicem albidis. Exp. al. 6-6^- lin. 
 
 Head whitish. Face and palpi pale yellowish. Antenna; white, 
 annulated with dark fuscous. Anterior wings yellowish-brown, with the 
 inner margin white, interrupted by a dark fuscous spot beyond the 
 middle, which can sometimes be traced indistinctly across the wing as an 
 oblique fascia ; the costa is delicately spotted alternately white and 
 fuscous, with two larger whitish spots before the apex ; cilia greyish- 
 brown, at the anal angle grey. Posterior wings grey, with paler cilia. 
 
 Occurs in the north of England and Scotland, among mountain- 
 ash, in August and September. 
 
184 AHGYRESTIIID.'E. 
 
 6. albistria. Haw. L. B. 517 (1829); Step.; Sta.—fagelella, 
 Zell. Alis auticis saturate ochrco-brunneis, piirpureo-suffusis, dorso an- 
 guste usque ad medium albo, macula fusea abrupte terminato. Exp. 
 al. 4-J — 5 lin. 
 
 Head, face, and palpi white (sometimes yellowish). Antenna? white, 
 annulated with dark fuscous. Anterior wings dark ochreous-brown, 
 with more or less of a purplish tinge, with the inner margin narrowly 
 white to the middle, where it is abruptly terminated by a dark fuscous 
 spot ; cilia ochreous-brown. Posterior wings grey, with paler cilia. 
 
 Very common in hedges in June and July. I have found the 
 larvee in the shoots of tfic sloe in May. 
 
 7. conjugella, Zell. Isis, 1839. p. 204 j Id. L. E. ii. pi. 2. f. 3 ; 
 Sta. — semifusca, Step.? Alis anticis purpureo-fiiscis, dorso albido, ma- 
 cula saturate fusea (sa?pe fasciam obliquum formante) pone medium 
 interrupto, macula in medio casta saturate fusea, strigulis duabus costa? 
 ante apicem albidis ; eapillis tutesceulibus. Exp. al. C lin. 
 
 Head, face, and palpi yellowish. Antenna? white, annulated with 
 fuscous. Anterior wings purplish -fuscous, with the inner margin whitish, 
 interrupted beyond the middle by a dark fuscous spot (sometimes con- 
 tinued obliquely across the wing) ; nearly opposite this spot, rather 
 nearer the base of the wing, is a dark fuscous spot on the costa, and on 
 the costa towards the apex are two conspicuous whitish spots; cilia 
 purplish-fuscous at the apex, then whitish, and at the anal angle pale 
 grey. Posterior wings pale grey, with paler cilia. 
 
 Not scarce among mountain-ash, from the middle of May to 
 the beginning of July. 
 
 8. semifusca, Haw. L. B. 517 (1829); Sta. — semipurpurella, 
 Step. — Pruniella, Don. B. I. ii. pi. 58. 59 ; CI. ? Alis anticis brunneo- 
 purpnreis, dorso niveo, macula saturate purpureo-fusca pone medium in- 
 terrupto, strigulis tribus costa? apicem versus albis. Exp. al. 6 lin. 
 
 Head, face, and palpi white. Antenna; white, annulated with black. 
 Anterior wings dark brownish-purple, with the inner margin white, in- 
 terrupted beyond the middle by a dark fuscous-purple spot, which can- 
 not be traced as a fascia across the wing ; on the costa are three or four 
 white spots before the apex; cilia at the apex brownish-purple, then 
 white, at the anal angle grey. Posterior wings grey, with paler cilia. 
 
 I have met with this in mixed hedges in August, and also 
 among beeches and Clematis Vitalba, but it is not common. 
 
 9. mendica, Haw. L. B. 517 (1829). — mendicella, Step. — casiella, 
 Trcit. — Pruniella, Zett. ; Bjerk. ? — tctrapodella, Zell. ; Hup. — Spino- 
 sella, Sta. Alis anticis purpureo-griseis, basi ochracea, dorso niveo, fas- 
 cia saturate fusea fere recta pone medium interrupta, punctis nonnullis 
 conspicuis costa; albis. Exp. al. 5-J lin. 
 
 Head white. Face and palpi yellowish-white. Antenna? white, with 
 fuscous annulations. Anterior wings purplish-grey, al the base ochreous, 
 
AnOYHESTIUA. 185 
 
 with the inner margin white, interrupted beyond the middle by a dark 
 fuscous nearly straight fascia, which, although indistinct in the middle 
 of the wing, is again perceptible on the costa, where it is defined by a 
 white spot on each side ; two or three smaller white spots are on the 
 costa towards the apex; cilia greyish-purple. Posterior wings grey, 
 With paler cilia. 
 
 Very common among sloe-bushes, at the end of May and be- 
 ginning of June. The larva in the shoots of sloe, early in May. 
 
 10. glaucinella, Zcll. Isis, 1839, p. 205; Sta. Alis anticis 
 pmeo-aneis, dorso anguste albido, ad fasciam saturatiorein utrinque 
 repandato, singulis par ok transversis fuscis ; capillis albido-luteis. Exp. 
 al. 4 lin. . 
 
 Head white, mixed with pale yellowish. Face and palpi whitish. 
 Antenna; yellowish-white, with slightly darker simulations. Anterior 
 wings greyish-bronze, with the inner margin whitish, broadest on each 
 side of the nearly perpendicular dark fascia ; several small transverse 
 mscom spots can be observed in the pale inner margin ; cilia fuscous. 
 Posterior wings pale grey, with paler cilia. 
 
 ^ A scarce species, appearing in June and July ; has occurred at 
 Camberwell and Beckenham, near London, near Bristol, also in 
 Wales. 
 
 11. retinella, Zell. Isis, 1839, p. 205; Sta.— ocellea, Step.?— 
 Cornelia, Evcrs. P Alis anticis albis, fusco transversc-reticulatis, cos- 
 tam versus fuscescentibus, macula obliqua plica 1 pone medium, maculaque 
 apicem versus fuscis, puncto apieis nigra. Exp. al. 5 lin. 
 
 Head white, with a few grey hairs. Pace and palpi white. Antennas 
 whitish, with pale fuscous annulations. Anterior wings white, with 
 numerous transverse fuscous spots, and towards the costa almost en- 
 tirely suffused with pale fuscous ; beyond the middle of the fold is a 
 large fuscous spot, obliquely placed, and another large fuscous spot lies 
 towards the apex of the wing ,■ at the extreme apex is a black spot ; cilia 
 greyish-fuscous. Posterior wings dark grey, with paler cilia. 
 
 Common among birches in June and July. 
 
 12. abdominalis, Zell. Isis, 1839. p. 205; Sta.; Lienig? Alis 
 anticis albis, striis duabus e basi, macula obliqua dorsali pone medium, 
 punctisquc sparsis posticis disci lutcis, squamis apieis atris. Exp. al. 
 4 lin. 
 
 Head, face, and palpi white. Antennae whitish, annulated with pale 
 fuscous. Abdomen rufous. Anterior wings white, with two yellowish 
 streaks from the base, one near the inner margin stopping abruptly 
 before the middle, the other near the costa, less sharply defined and 
 reaching beyond the middle; beyond the middle of the inner margin is 
 a yellowish spot, curving outwardly, and several scattered yellowish 
 spots lie in the apical portion of the" wing, some black scales arc at the 
 extreme apex ; cilia pale yellowish. Posterior wings whitish, with paler 
 cilia. 
 
 VOL. III. 2 1) 
 
186 aroyresthidv:. 
 
 Not uncommon among junipers, at the end of June and begin- 
 ning of July. 
 
 13. dilectella, Zell. L. E. ii. 272 (1847) ; Sta. Alis anticis ni- 
 tidis dilute aureis, dilutissime violaceo-suffusis, dorso ad basira albo, 
 striis duabus e basi distincti-us aureis, macula transversali dorsali pone 
 medium maculisque duabus costas fuscis, punoto apicis atro. Exp. al. 
 44 lin. . 
 
 Head, face, and palpi white. Antennas white, annulated with dark 
 fuscous. Abdomen rufous. Anterior wings shining pale golden, with 
 a faint violet tint; the base of the inner margin is white; two streaks 
 from the base, one near the inner margin, the other near the costa ex- 
 tending to the middle of the wing are more distinctly golden ; beyond 
 the middle of the inner margin is a fuscous spot reaching nearly half 
 across the wing, and at the anal angle is a smaller fuscous spot ; a little 
 before the middle of the costa is a small fuscous spot, and a larger one 
 a little beyond the middle, which almost meets the larger spot from the 
 inner margin ; two small fuscous spots lie on the costa immediately 
 before the apical black spot ; cilia pale yellowish-grey. Posterior wings 
 pale grey, with paler cilia. 
 
 Very common among juniper-bushes in July. Mr. Logan met 
 with the larva last summer. 
 
 14. Andereggiella (F. v. E.), Dup. L. I. xi. 469. pi. 305. f. 9 
 (1838); F. v. It. pi. 74. f. 2; Zell.; Sta.—/. F-ella, Haw.; Step. 
 Alis anticis albis, macula transversali quadrata in medio dorsi, postice 
 ad costam oblique products, fascia tenui obliqua apicem versus, striolam 
 in apicem cmittcntc aureo-brunneis. Exp. al. 5 lin. 
 
 Head, face, and palpi white. Antennas white, annulated with dark 
 fuscous. Anterior wings white, with an oblong transverse dark golden- 
 brown spot on the middle of the inner margin, the posterior angle of 
 which is produced obliquely to the costa, where it meets a slender 
 oblique golden-brown fascia, from which a streak proceeds to the apex 
 of the wing; cilia at the apex golden-brown, at the anal angle pale 
 grey. Posterior wings grey, with paler cilia. 
 
 Occurs among wild apple-bushes in July and August. 
 
 15. curvella, Lin. F. S. 1387 (1761); Step.; Sta.— aurva, Haw. 
 —Cornelia, Fab. ; Trcit. ; F. v. It. pi. 15. f. 3 ; Dup. ; Zell. L. E. ii.— 
 sparsella, Zell. Isis, 1839. Alis anticis niveis, /«*co-reticulatis, pras- 
 cipuc costam versus, macula parva dorsi ante medium, maculaque raa- 
 jore obliqua dorsi pone medium saturate fuscis, nebula postica costas, 
 maculaque ex angulo anali in apicem desinente fuscis ; capillis albis. 
 Exp. al. 5\- lin. 
 
 Head, face, and palpi white. Antennas white, annulated with dark 
 fuscous. Anterior wings white, reticulated with fuscous, especially along 
 the costa, with a small dark fuscous spot on the inner margin before 
 the middle, and a larger obliquely-placed dark fuscous spot beyond the 
 middle of the inner margin ; opposite the latter is a fuscous blotch on 
 
AKGYRESTHIA. 187 
 
 the costa ; a fuscous spot from the anal angle goes partly across the 
 wing, and then terminates in the apex; cilia grey. Posterior wings 
 grey, with paler cilia. 
 Common among apple and pear trees in June and July. 
 
 16. Sorbiella, Treit. E. S. ix. 2. 160 (1833); F. v. R. pi. 15. 
 f. 2 ; Zell. ; Lienig j Sta. ; ])up. ? Alis anticis albidi-s, dorsum versus 
 albis, costam versus dilute aureo-brunneo reticulars, maculis tribus dorsi 
 (prima ante medium, altera majore obliqua fere costam attingcntc pone 
 medium, tertia minorc ad angulum analem) aureo-fuscis ; capillis albidis. 
 Exp. al. 6 lin. 
 
 Head, face, and palpi whitish. Antennae white, annulated with fus- 
 cous. Anterior wings yelloioish-while, whiter on the inner margin, to- 
 wards the costa reticulated with pale golden-brown ; on the inner mar- 
 gin are three golden-fuscous spots, the first before the middle, the second 
 larger and obliquely placed, beyond the middle, almost reaching to the 
 costa, the third smaller at the anal angle ; cilia pale yellowish-grey. 
 Posterior wings grey, with paler cilia. 
 
 Common in June and July, among {Sorbus Aucuparia) moun- 
 tain-ash and {Sorbus Aria) the white beam-tree. The larva feeds 
 in the leaf-buds of those plants in May. 
 
 17. pygmseella, Hiib. 353 (1816) ; Treit. ; F. v. R. pi. 15. f . 1 ; 
 Lienig ; Zell. ; Sta. — semifasciella, Haw. ; Step. Alis anticis nitidis 
 viridi-albis, dorsum versus dilutiovibus, macula recta dorsali ante medium 
 per plicam ad basim due/a, macula obliqua majore pone medium dorsi 
 (costam non attingente) macnlaque minorc ad angulum analem dilute 
 aureo-brunneis. Exp. al. t>\ lin. 
 
 Head white. Face inclining to pale bronze. Palpi white. Antennae 
 white, annulated with fuscous. Anterior wings shining greenish-white, 
 paler along the inner margin ; before the middle of the inner margin is 
 a pale golden-brown spot, perpendicularly placed and united to the base 
 of the wing by a streak along the fold; beyond the middle of the inner 
 margin is an oblique pale golden-brown spot, reaching more than half 
 across the wing, and at the anal angle is a smaller spot ; cilia greenish- 
 white. Posterior wings pale grey, with paler cilia. 
 
 Common among sallows in June and July. The larva feeds in 
 the young shoots of the sallow in May. 
 
 18. Goedartella, Lin. S.N. (10) 541. 291 (1758); Fab.; Hiib. 
 Tin. 133; Haw.; Treit.; Step.; Dup. — semiargentella, Don. Alis 
 anticis albis (interdum aureo-suffusis), fascia obliqua e basi costrc, fascia 
 media ad costam furcata, fasciaque postica aureis ; capillis albido-luteis. 
 Exp. al. 6 lin. 
 
 Head yellowish-white. Face and palpi white. Antenna? while, an- 
 nulated with fuscous. Anterior wings white (sometimes suffused with 
 golden), with an oblique golden fascia from the base of the costa, a 
 golden fascia in the middle furcate on the costa (one arm reaching the 
 
188 AUGYItESTHID.H. 
 
 costa rather before the middle, the other reaching the costa a little be- 
 fore the apex, and between them are generally a few golden spots on 
 the costa) ; beyond is another golden fascia, which indeed occupies the 
 whole of the apex of the wing, except a small white spot on each mar- 
 gin ; cilia pale greyish-brown. Posterior wings grey, with paler cilia. 
 (The anterior wings are sometimes so much suffused with pale golden 
 that the markings are almost obliterated.) 
 
 Common among birches in June and July. The larva feeds 
 under the bark and in the young shoots of the birch, in March 
 and April. 
 
 19. literella, Haw. L. B. 570 (1839) ; Step. ; Sta. Alis anticis 
 albidis, fascia ante medium, fascia media furcata, fascia postica in apioem 
 desinente aureis, costam non altlngetillbus; capillis albidis. Exp. al. 5 \ lin. 
 
 Head whitish. Face and palpi white. Antenna; white, annotated 
 with fuscous. Anterior wings whitish, with a slender golden fascia 
 from the inner margin, not far from the base, sloping inwards, a furcate 
 fascia from the middle of the inner margin, neither reaching to the costa, 
 and a third golden fascia from the anal angle, which, after reaching 
 half across the wing, is deflected, and terminates in the apex of the wing ; 
 cilia pale ochreous. Posterior wings purplish-grey, with paler cilia. 
 
 Very rare ; has been taken in Darenth Wood, in June. In the 
 collection of the British Museum, and in that of Mr. B. Standish. 
 
 20. Brockeella, Hiib. Tin. 362 (1816); Treit.; Step.; Dup.; 
 Zell. ; Sta. — /. W-ella, Haw. — Rajella, Lin. ? — var. aur'wlttella, Haw. ; 
 Step. Alis anticis aureo-brunneis, macula basali dorsi, fascia ad cos- 
 tain attenuata, ante medium, macula majore ad angulum analem, macu- 
 lisi|iie tribus costa; niveis ; capillis nlvels. Var. alis anticis dorso toto 
 niveo, fascia ac prima macula costali confluentibus. Exp. al. 5J lin. 
 
 Head, face, and palpi lohlte. Antenna; white, annulated with pale 
 fuscous. Anterior wings shining golden-brown, with a spot at the 
 base on the inner margin, a fascia before the middle attenuated on the 
 costa, a large spot at the anal angle, and three spots on the costa (the 
 last of which is small and lies immediately before the apex) shining 
 snowy-white ; cilia greyish-brown. Posterior wings grey, with paler 
 cilia. In the variety aurlvltlella, the inner margin of the anterior wings 
 is entirely white, and the fascia and first costal spot are frequently con- 
 fluent ; intermediate specimens also occur. 
 
 Common among birches in June and July. The larva feeds in 
 the young shoots in March and April. 
 
 21. arceuthina, Zell. Isis, 1839. p. 205; Sta. Alis anticis ni- 
 tidis virldl-zeneis ; capillis (ac thorace~) niveis. Exp. al. 4 \ lin. 
 
 Head white. Face greenish-bronze. Palpi whitish. Antenna; white, 
 annulated with fuscous. Anterior wings unicolorous shining bronzy- 
 green, with paler cilia. Posterior wings pale grey, with paler cilia. 
 
 Not scarce among junipers, in May. 
 
22. praecocella, Zell. Isis, 1839. p. 205; Sta. Alis anticis ni- 
 tidis ochreis, violaceo-suffusis ; capillis dilute luteis. Exp. al. 5 lin. 
 
 Head whitish-yellow. Face and palpi pale oclireous. Antenna? 
 whitish, annulnted with pale fuscous. Anterior wings shining oclireous, 
 with a slight violet tinge; cilia paler. Posterior wings rather broad, 
 very pale grey, with paler cilia. 
 
 Occurs, not uncommonly, among junipers, in May. 
 
 23. aurulentella (Zell.), Sta. Zool. 1849. App. xl. Alis anticis 
 nitidis ochreis, violucco-sufl'usis, dorso anguste alio : capillis niveis. Exp. 
 al. 4 lin. * 
 
 Head white. Face and palpi yellowish-white. Antennae white, with 
 fuscous annulations. Anterior wings shining-ochreous, with a slight 
 violet tinge, the inner margin narrowly while; cilia whitish-ochreous. 
 Posterior wings pearly-whitish, with pale oclireous cilia. 
 
 Very common among junipers, in July and August. 
 
 24. decimella, Sta. Sup. Cat. p. 10 (1851). Alis anticis albis, 
 striola costae ex basi ad medium, in fasciam obliquam transeunte, strio- 
 laque brcviore ex basi prope dorsum aureo-brunucis, puncto apicis nigro. 
 Exp. al. 3 lin. 
 
 Head, face, and palpi white. Antennae whitish. Anterior wings 
 white, with a golden-brown streak along the costa from the base to a 
 little before the middle of the wing, where it is deflected, and forms an 
 oblique posleriorly-angulatcd fascia ; near the inner margin at the base 
 is another short golden-brown streak; in the apex of the wing is a 
 small black spot ; cilia white, but round the apical black spot they are 
 golden, witli the tips dark fuscous. Posterior wings pale grey, with 
 paler cilia. 
 
 Unique in Mr. Weir's collection; taken on a fence at Camber- 
 well, in June, 1850. 
 
 I am by no means certain that it should be referred to this 
 genus, but the structure of the palpi, which remove it from FJu- 
 chisla, allow of its being placed in the genus Argi/resthia, and the 
 rough head may have been rendered invisible by the distorted 
 mode in which the insect was pinned. 
 
 Genus II. CEDESTIS. 
 
 (Ecophora p., Dup. Argyresthia p., Zell. 
 
 Capilli hirsuti, cpistomio laevigata. Antennae alis anterioribus breviores, 
 articulo basali elongato incrassato, articulis distinctis. naustellum 
 nullum. Palpi labiales breviusculi, incrassali, pilosuli. Ala; longe 
 oiliatffi, autcriorcs clongatae, posteriorcs lanceolatae ; anteriores : venae 
 ex cellulae discoidalis parte postica sex, octove oriuntur, apicalis sim- 
 
190 ARGYIIESTHIDJ3. 
 
 plex ; subclorsalis simplex ; postcriores : vena apicalis ante apiccni 
 
 exit, infra earn vena simplex, et venae altera duae simplices e venula 
 
 transversa. 
 
 Head rough, the face smooth. Antennae shorter than the anterior 
 wings, with distinct joints, the basal joint elongate and thickened. 
 Tongue none. Labial palpi rather short, thickened, hairy. Wings with 
 long cilia, the anterior elongate, the posterior lanceolate. In the ante- 
 rior wings six or eight veins proceed from the hinder portion of the 
 discoidal cell ; the apical vein is simple ; the subdorsal vein is simple. 
 In the posterior wings the simple apical vein terminates above the apex ; 
 below it is a simple vein, and two other simple veins from the trans- 
 verse vein. 
 
 Only two species are known in this genus ; they frequent fir- 
 trees in the middle of summer; in repose they sit appressed to 
 the surface on which they rest. 
 
 1. farinatella (Zcll.), Dup. L. P. xi. 473. pi. 305. f. 11 (1838) ; 
 P. v. R. pi. 74. f. 4 ; Zell. ; Sta. — mbfasciella, Step. ? Alis anticis 
 albido-griseis, fusco-pulveratis, fascia ante medium, nebulaque postica 
 fuscis. Exp. al. 5| lin. 
 
 Head whitish-grey, with some darker hairs in front. Pace and palpi 
 grey. Antennas white, simulated with fuscous. Anterior wings whitish- 
 grey, much irrorated with fuscous, with a fuscous fascia before the mid- 
 dle, followed by a whitish fascia of the undusted ground-colour ; the 
 remainder of the wing is nearly entirely fuscous, except a whitish spot 
 on each margin before the apex ; cilia greyish-white. Posterior wings 
 rather broad, pale grey, with paler cilia. 
 
 Common among fir-trees in June and July. Illustrations of 
 the transformations of this species are promised in the forthcoming 
 number of Mr. Logan's ' Illustrations of Scottish Lepidoptera.' 
 
 2. Gysselinella (Kuhl.), Dup. L. P. xi. 461. pi. 305. f. 4 (1838). 
 — Gysseleniella, P. v. It. pi. 74. f. 3 ; Zell. ; Lienig ; Sta. Alis anticis 
 albido-griseis, griseo-pulveratis, fascia lata obsoleta basalt, fascia dis- 
 tinctiore ante medium, nebuliscpic posticis dilute aureo-brunneis. Exp. 
 al. 5| lin. 
 
 Head whitish-grey. Face and palpi white. Antennas whitish, with 
 pale fuscous annulations. Anterior wings whitish-grey, dusted with 
 grey, with a rather indistinct pale golden-brown fascia near the base, and 
 another more defined just before the middle, and some pale golden- 
 brown blotches beyond the middle and at the apex ; cilia greyish-fus- 
 cous. Posterior wings pale grey, with paler cilia. 
 
 Occurs among iir-trccs in June and July. The only British 
 specimen I have seen is in Mr. Allis's collection; it was taken by 
 Mr. Weaver. 
 
ZEU.E1UA. l'Jl 
 
 Genus III. OCNEROSTOMA. 
 
 Ocnehostoma, Zell. L. E. ii. 298 (1847). Argyredhia p., Zell. Isis, 
 
 1839. 
 Caput comosura, epistomio lam. Antennae alis anterioribus breviores, 
 setaceae, articulo basali crassiusculo. Haustellum brevissiraum. Palpi 
 brevksimi, bulbilli formes. Ate auteriores acuminata;, ])osteriores lan- 
 ceolate ; auteriores : ccllula discoidalis acuminata, postice imperfecta, 
 venas quinque emittcnlc ; subdorsalis simplex ; posteriores : veua 
 infra apicalem/tfrcfl taj medians furoata. 
 
 Head rough ; the face smooth. Antennas shorter than the anterior 
 wings, setaceous ; the basal joint rather thick. Tongue hardly per- 
 ceptible. Palpi very short, bulbilliform. Anterior wings acuminate ; 
 posterior wings lanceolate. In the anterior wings the acuminate dis- 
 eoidal cell is posteriorly imperfect and emits Jive veins ; the subdorsal 
 vein is simple j in the posterior wings there is a furcate vein below the 
 apical vein and the median vein is furcate. 
 
 Only one species is known in this genus ; it appears in early 
 spring and again in summer, but it is doubtful whether it be 
 double-brooded, the spring specimens having probably hyber- 
 nated ; it reposes apprcssed to the surface on which it rests. 
 
 1. piniariella, Zell. L. E. ii. 299 (1847) ; Sta.— argentella, Zell.; 
 Lienig. — galactitella, Evers. ? Alis anticis nitidis, argenteo-griseis ; 
 capillis griseis ; antennis totis fuscis. Exp. al. 5J lin. 
 
 Head pale grey. Face and palpi dark grey. Antenna? unicolorous 
 fuscous. Anterior wings unicolorous, shining silvcry-grcy, with paler 
 cilia. Posterior wings pale grey, with paler cilia. 
 
 Common among fir-trees in April, June, and July. 
 
 Genus IV. ZELLERIA. 
 
 Zelleria, Sta. Cat. p. 22 (1849). 
 
 Capilli hirsuti, epistomio tevigato. Ocelli nulli. Antennae alis an- 
 terioribus breviores, crassiuscute. Haustellum nudum. Palpi la- 
 biales porrecti, vel fere adseendentes, breviiisculi, squamis incrassali, 
 .articulo terlio obtuso. Ate longe ciliate, auteriores subfalcala, pos- 
 teriores lanceolate ; anteriores : vena apicalis simplex ante apicem 
 exit, infra earn vena; quinque, quarum penultiiua et antepcnultima 
 ex eodem puncto prodeunt ; subdorsalis simplex : submedianae apex 
 incrassatus ; posteriores : vena apicalis longe furoata supra et infra 
 apicem exit ; mediana trifida. 
 Head rough; the face smooth. Ocelli none. Antennae shorter than 
 
 the anterior wings, rather thick. Tongue naked. Labial palpi por- 
 
192 
 
 AEGYRESTHIDiE. 
 
 rected, or almost ascending, ruther short, thickened with scales ; the ter- 
 minal joint blunt. Wings with long cilia, the anterior subfalcatc, the 
 posterior lanceolate. In the anterior wings, the simple apical vein runs 
 into the costa before the apex ; below it are five veins, of which the 
 penultimate and the antepenultimate proceed from the same point ; the 
 subdorsal vein is furcate; the apex of the submedian vein is thickened; 
 in the posterior wings the apical vein has a long fork terminating above 
 and below the apex ; the median vein is trilid. 
 
 Only three species are known in this genus, if indeed there be 
 more than than two, as it is not improbable that hcpariella and in- 
 signipennella may ultimately not prove specifically distinct. The 
 larvae of none of them are known, though (to my shame be it 
 said) I have myself bred heparieUa, but have no recollection 
 whatever of the larva ; in the cage in which I bred it was an 
 ash-hzi, that had evidently been, eaten ; it emerged from its thick 
 white cocoon on the 27th of July, 1852*. 
 
 The first two species appear at the end of summer and autumn, 
 and, hybernating, are occasionally met with in the spring ; fascia- 
 pennella, taken by Mr. Logan among Vaccinium Myrt'dlus, on 
 the Pentlands, in September, may probably likewise hybernate. 
 
 1. hepariella (Mann), Sta. Cat. p. 22 (184,9).— gryphipennella, 
 Haw. ? Alis anticis rufo-ochraceis, poslice fuscescenlibus, puncto obso- 
 lelo supra unguium analem fusco ; capillis lutcis. Exp. al. 5^ lin. 
 
 Head, face, and palpi luteous. Antenna; fuscous, with paler amiu- 
 lations. Abdomen above grey, beneath reddish-orange, the sides white. 
 Anterior wings rufous-ochreous, posteriorly somewhat fuscous, with an 
 appearance of a small darker spot above the anal angle ; cilia rufous- 
 ochreous at the apex, grey at the anal angle. Posterior wings dark 
 grey, with grey cilia. 
 
 Occasionally met with in the south of England, from August 
 to October, and again in spring, but nowhere common. 
 
 2. insignipexmella, Sta. Cat. p. 22 (1849). Alis auticis rufo- 
 ochreis (dorsum interdum dilution), posticc saturatioribus, nebula fus- 
 cescente disci pone medium; capillis luteis. Exp. al. 7i lin. 
 
 Head, face, and palpi luteous. Anteuiiiu fuscous, with paler simula- 
 tions. Anterior wings rufous-ochreous (frequently paler towards the inner 
 margin), posteriorly dark, with an obscure fuscous blotch on the disc 
 beyond the middle; cilia rufous-ochreous at the apex, grey at the anal 
 angle. Posterior wings dark grey, with grey cilia. 
 
 Appears in autumn and again in spring; has occurred at 
 Mickleham and Dartford Heath. 
 
 3. fasciapennella (Logan), Sta. Cat. p. 22 (1849). Alis anticis 
 dilute griseis, obscuriore nebulosis, atomis nigris in scriebus quatuor 
 
 * The day on which Professor Zellcr finished his visit to England. 
 
GRACILAIUIDjE. 193 
 
 longitudinalibus dispositis, fascia obliqua ante medium fusca ; capillis 
 griseis. Exp. al. 8-9 lin. 
 
 Head, face, and palpi light grey, mixed with dark grey. Antennae 
 grey, with paler annulations. Abdomen above grey, beneath silvery- 
 white. Anterior wings pale grey, clouded with dark grey, with four 
 longitudinal rows of black spots, the first on the costa terminating in 
 the middle of the wing, the second near the costa terminating a little 
 before the apex of the wing, the third and fourth run one on each side 
 of the fold to the anal angle ; before the middle of the wing is an ob- 
 lique (nearest to the base on the inner margin) cloudy dark fascia ; 
 before the apex is a white costal spot, followed by a black one ; cilia 
 grey, intermixed with white ; the extreme apex dark fuscous. Pos- 
 terior wings pale grey, with grey cilia. 
 
 Occurs on the Pentlands, among Yaccinium Myrtillus, in Sep- 
 tember and October. 
 
 Family VIII. GRACILARIIDiE. 
 
 Capilli tevigati, vel hirsuti. Antenna alarum anteriorum longitudine 
 tequantes. Palpi maxillares longiusculi, filiformes. Palpi labiales 
 tenucs, articulo tcrtio acuminato. Alas longe ciliatae, anteriores 
 elongatsc, posteriorcs lanceolata?. 
 
 Head smooth or rough. Antenna as long as the anterior wings. 
 Maxillary palpi rather long, filiform. Labial palpi slender; the third 
 joint acuminate. Wings with long cilia ; the anterior elongate ; the 
 posterior lanceolate. 
 
 In direct opposition to the mode of sitting of the insects of the 
 principal genus of the preceding family, which may be said to 
 sit on their heads, the species of this family sit on their tails, 
 having the head considerably raised from the surface on which 
 they repose, the anterior pair of legs being put forward, the mid- 
 dle pair rather stretched out sideways, and the posterior pair 
 placed close beside the abdomen ; by this peculiarity any species 
 of this family may be immediately recognized if seen at rest. 
 
 The three genera of this family may be at once distinguished 
 as follows : — 
 
 a. Head smooth. 
 
 b. Second joint of labial palpi with no projecting tuft. 1. Graci- 
 
 laiua. 
 6 b. Second joint of the labial palpi with a projecting tuft. 2. Co- 
 
 RISCIUM. 
 
 a a. Head rough. 3. Ornix. 
 
 vol. III. 2 C 
 
194 GBACILAUIID^. 
 
 Genus I. GRACILARIA. 
 
 Gracilaria, Zell. Isis, 1839. p. 208. Gracillaria, Dup. Cat. Gra- 
 cillaria p., Haw. j Curt. ; Dup. L. P. xi. Ornix p., Treit. ; Zctt. 
 Gracillaria p. ct Euspilapteryx, Step. 
 Caput superne ac in fronte lavigalum. Ocelli nulli. Antennas alarum 
 anteriormn longitudine requantea, tenues, articulo basali elongate-, 
 incrassato. Haustellum squamatum. Palpi maxillares longiusculi, 
 filiformes. Palpi labiales tenues, adscendentes, cylindrici, articulo 
 secundo squamis appressis, nou fasciculalo, articulo tcrtio acuminata. 
 Altc longe ciliatro, antcriorcs elougatae, posteriores lanccolatae ; an- 
 teriores : vena subcostalis basira versus interrupta, e cellulsc discoi- 
 dalis parte postica vena2 novem oriuntur, quatuor in costara, quinque 
 in niarginem posticum exeuntibus ; subdorsalis simplex ; posteriores: 
 vena apicalis ante apicem exit, infra earn vena furcata, vena mediana 
 trilida. 
 
 Head above and in front smooth. Ocelli none. Antenna? as long 
 as the anterior wings, slender; the basal joint elongate, thickened. 
 Tongue clothed with scales. Maxillary palpi rather long, filiform. 
 Labial palpi slender, ascending, cylindrical ; the second joint with ap- 
 presscd scales, not tufted; the terminal joint pointed. Wings with 
 long cilia, the anterior elongate, the posterior lanceolate. In the an- 
 terior wings the subcostal vein is interrupted towards the base ; from 
 the hinder portion of the discoidal cell nine veins proceed, of which 
 four go into the costa, and five into the hinder margin ; the subdorsal 
 vein is simple ; in the posterior wings the apical vein terminates above 
 the apex, below it is a furcate vein ; the median vein is trifid. 
 
 In the small species of this genus, the maxillary palpi are less de- 
 veloped, and the labial palpi arc almost drooping. 
 
 The species of this genus are elegant in form and frequently 
 gaily coloured, or prettily mottled. Some species are double- 
 brooded, the autumnal brood generally hybcrnating, and being 
 met with in wasted condition in the spring; they feed upon low 
 plants, as well as upon shrubs and trees. The larvae have only 
 fourteen feet; when young they mine the leaves, but at a later 
 period of growth many of the species construct cones, by rolling 
 up a portion of a leaf; they devour the inner portion of these 
 cones, which thus become discoloured and are easily observed. 
 
 The species of the genus may be arranged in the following 
 table :— 
 a. Large species. 
 
 b. Anterior wings with a distinct paler trigonal mark on the costa. 
 
 Species 1, 2. 
 b b. Anterior wings with a more or less distinctly margined, but 
 hardly paler trigonal mark on the costa. Species 3-8. 
 
ORACILARIA. 195 
 
 b b b. Anterior wings with no trigonal mark on the costa. Sp. 9, 10. 
 a a. Small species. 
 
 c. Anterior wings with fasciaform markings. Species 11. 
 
 c c. Anterior wings with pale spots on the costa and inner margin. 
 
 Species 12-14. 
 c c c. Anterior wings with numerous silvery spots. Species IB, 16. 
 
 1. Swederella, Schalen (Thun.), M. N. A. U. 6. 80 (1788).— 
 Tfranckella, Hub. Tin. 879; Lienig; Zell. ; Sta. ; Dougl. Ent. Trans, ii. 
 n. s. pi. xiv. f. 1. — hilaripennella, Treit. ; Dup. — Thunbergella, Step. — 
 'l'hunbergii, Haw. ? Alia anticis rufis, violaceo-nitidis, dorso prope 
 basim, trianguloque costali plioam superante, ad costam apicera versus 
 producto, flavidis. Exp. al. 0i lin. 
 
 Head reddish-brown. Eace pale yellow. Palpi pale yellow, with a 
 darker ring before the apex. Antenna: pale yellow, with brown annu- 
 lations. Anterior wings bright reddish, with a violet gloss ; at the 
 base along the inner margin is a pale yellow streak ; the costal triangle 
 is pale yellow, it readies nearly across the wing and extends along the 
 costa nearly to the apex ; at the anal angle are a few pale yellow scales ; 
 cilia reddish at the apex, more yellowish towards the anal angle. Pos- 
 terior wings shining grey, with paler cilia. 
 
 Common among oaks in May, June, and August. The larva 
 is very common in cones on oak-leaves in September and October, 
 and probably there is another brood in July. 
 
 2. stigmatella, Fab. G. I. ii. 295. 34 (1781); Schr. ; Step.; 
 Lienig; Zell.; Sta.; Dougl. Ent. Trans, ii. n. s. 124. pi. xiv. f. 2. — 
 upupapeimella, Hub.; Treit.; Dup. — triangulella, Panzer. — trigona, 
 Haw. — ochracea, Haw. ; Step. — purpurea, Haw. ? Step. ? Alis anticis 
 rufo-brunneis, triangulo costali albido, plicam tangente, apice poslice 
 producto. Exp. al. 7 lin. 
 
 Head and face reddish-grey. Palpi reddish-brown, the tips yellowish. 
 Antenna: pale yellowish, with brown annulations. Anterior wings red- 
 dish-brown, darkest along the margins of the costal triangle ; the costal 
 triangle is ir/utis/i-yvWow witli a few scattered dark scales, it reaches to 
 the fold, where its apex is produced a little in the direction of the hinder 
 margin ; cilia at the apex rufous, towards the anal angle grey. Posterior 
 wings grey, with paler cilia. 
 
 Common among sallows; appears in the autumn, but then 
 rarely met with ; most frequently found in spring after hyberna- 
 tion. The larva may be found in August and September, in 
 cones on the leaves of sallows, willows, and poplars. 
 
 3. stramineella, Sta. Ent. Trans, i. n. s. 121. pi. xiv. f . 9 (1851). 
 Alis anticis slraminns, punctis sparsis rufo-brunneis, duobus distinction- 
 bus quasi margines trianguli costabs, non dilations, formantibus. Exp. 
 al. 6£ lin. 
 
 Head and face pale straw-yellow. Palpi pale straw-yellow ; the ter- 
 
196 GRAClLAIUIDyE. 
 
 minal joint rufous-brown before the apex. Antenna; pale yellowish, 
 with brown annulations. Anterior wings pale straw-colour, with nu- 
 merous reddish-brown spots, of which the two most conspicuous form, 
 as it were, the margins of the usual costal triangle, which however is 
 not paler than the rest of the wing; cilia of the hinder margin straw- 
 colour, mixed with reddish, of the inner margin grey. Posterior wings 
 shining grey, with grey cilia. 
 
 I have specimens taken in Torwood, in September. There are 
 also specimens in the collection of Mr. Allis, and in that of the 
 British Museum. 
 
 4. hemidactylella, Hub. Tin. 276 (1812); Dup.; Zell. ; Sta.; 
 W. V. ? Fab. ? Step. ? Alis anticis dilute ochreis rufo-ochrco mixtis, 
 triangulo costali distincto plicam tangente dilute ochreo, punclis coda 
 parvis fuscis ; capite cum palpis rufo-ochreo, horum apice albido. Exp. 
 al. 6 lin. 
 
 Head and face pale ochreous, mixed with reddish-ochreous. Palpi 
 reddish-ochreous, the extreme tip whitish. Antenna; pale fuscous, 
 with whitish annulations. Anterior wings pale ochreous, marbled with 
 reddish-ochreous, with a distinct costal triangle of the paler ground- 
 colour, not crossing the fold ; on the costa are some small fuscous spots ; 
 cilia pale ochreous, mixed with reddish-ochreous. Posterior wings 
 grey, with paler cilia. 
 
 A scarce species ; occurs at Whittlebury, in September. 
 
 5. falconipennella, Hub. Tin. 317 (1816); Treit.j Zell.; Sta. 
 Alis anticis rufo-brunnek, triangulo costali indistinclo dilutiore, punclis 
 saturate fuscis cosies albidoc dorsique ; capite rufo-brunneo ; palpis dilu- 
 tioribus, apice articuli secundi, annulo ante apiceni albidum articuli 
 tertii saturatioribus. Exp. al. 6 J- lin. 
 
 Head and face reddish-brown. Palpi pale reddish-brown, the end 
 of the second joint and a broad ring before the whitish tip of the ter- 
 minal joint darker. Antenna; fuscous, with whitish annulations. An- 
 terior wings reddish-brown, with a faintly indicated paler costal triangle 
 and some dark fuscous spots along the whitish costa, and along the inner 
 margin; cilia of the hinder margin reddish-brown, of the inner margin 
 grey. Posterior wings grey, with paler cilia. 
 
 A scarce species ; appearing in autumn. Specimens are in the 
 collections of Mr. Bedell, Mr. Shepherd, and the British Museum. 
 
 6. semifascia, Haw. L. B. 528 (1829) ; Step. ; Sta. Ent. Trans. 
 i. n. s. pi. xiv. f. 13. — picipcnuella, Zell. Alis anticis dilute luteis, 
 rufo-brunneo variegatis (vcl omnino rufo-brunncis), singula oblii/ua ante 
 medium dilute lutea, plicam tangente et super earn currenle, punctis nu- 
 merosis costa; saturate fuscis. . Exp. al. 5 lin. 
 
 Head and face pale yellowish, mixed with reddish-brown. Palpi 
 pale yellowish; terminal joint dark fuscous, the tip pale yellowish. 
 Antenna; dark fuscous, with whitish annulations. Anterior wings pale 
 yellowish, irregularly varied with reddish-brown (or almost entirely 
 
GRACILARIA. 197 
 
 reddish-brown), with an oblique pale yellowish streak from the costa 
 before the middle, it does not reach beyond the fold, and is defected along 
 it ; on the costa are several small dark fuscous or black spots ; cilia of 
 the hinder margin reddish- or brownish -grey, of the inner margin grey. 
 Posterior wings grey, with paler cilia. 
 
 Appears in September and October ; has occurred at Mickle- 
 ham, at "Whittlcbury, and near Bristol. 
 
 7. populetorum, Zell. Isis, 1839. p. 209 j Sta. Ent. Trans, i. n. s. 
 pi. xiv. f. 11. — violacea, Haw.? Step.? Alis anticis dilute ochreis, 
 purpurasccnte tinctis, nebulis subfasciatis obscurioribus, punctis nu- 
 merosis costoe nigris,-««o in medio majore, punctis tribus fuscis disci. 
 Exp. al. 5 \ lin. 
 
 Head and face dirty-whitish, mixed with fuscous. Palpi dirty white, 
 the end of the second joint and a broad ring on the third fuscous. 
 Autcnnrc fuscous, with whitish annulations. Anterior wings pale ochre- 
 ous, tinged (more or less) with purple, with some nebulous fasciaform 
 darker markings ; on the costa are several small black spots, one in the 
 middle, being larger, is conspicuous; above the fold at nearly regular 
 intervals are three fuscous spots ; cilia greyish-fuscous. Posterior 
 wings grey, with greyish-fuscous cilia. 
 
 Appears in September among poplar-trees ; hitherto scarce. 
 The larva feeds (according to Fischer) on birch and aspen. 
 
 8. elongella, Linn. P. S. 1436 (1761); Pab. : Step.; Lienig; 
 Zell. ; Sta. — punclella, Linn. ; Pab. — signipcnnella, Hub. Tin. 196 ; 
 Treit. ; Dup. — hemidaclyla, Haw. — roscipennella, Treit. ; Dup. ; Hub. ? 
 — inconstans, Sta. Ent. Trans, i. n. s. pi. xiv. f. 1-7. Alis anticis rufo- 
 ochreis, iriangulo costali truncato, vix diluliore, brunneo-rufo marginato, 
 nebulis posticis fuscis. Exp. al. 6^-7 J- lin. 
 
 Head reddish-ochreous. Pace pale ochreous. Palpi pale ochreous ; 
 the terminal joint reddish-ochreous. Antennas fuscous, annulated with 
 whitish. Anterior wings reddish-ochreous, irregularly varied with darker 
 markings, in which a truncate costal triangle, hardly paler than the 
 ground-colour, may generally be traced ; it has sometimes a dark fus- 
 cous spot on each side above the fold ; cilia of the hinder margin red- 
 dish-ochreous, of the inner margin grey. Posterior wings grey, with 
 paler cilia. 
 
 This extremely variable species is not scarce in many localities; 
 taken in plenty by Mr. Cooke, of Warrington, in June. Mr. 
 Shield found the larva? in rolled-up alder-leaves near Dublin, last 
 August. According to Lienig the larva also feeds in May. 
 
 9. tringipennella, Zell. Isis, 1839. p. 209; Sta.— fringilella, 
 Dup. L. P. Sup. pi. 75. f. 11. — roscipennis, Haw. ? — roscipennella, Step. ? 
 Alis anticis dilute ochreis, costam versus livide grisescentibus, seu osseis, 
 seriebus tribus longitudinalibus punctorum uigrorum. Exp. al. C J lin. 
 
 Head pale ochreous. Pace greyish-fuscous. Palpi grcyish-ochrcous ; 
 
198 GRACILARIID/E. 
 
 terminal joint fuscous. Antennas greyish-ochrcous. Anterior wings 
 pale ochreous, along the costa livid greyish or pale white, with three 
 longitudinal rows of black spots, one near the costa, one on the disc, 
 and one on the fold ; the latter is frequently obliterated, or the number 
 of spots does not exceed two or three ; cilia pale ochreous. Posterior 
 wings grey, with paler cilia. 
 
 Not uncommon in meadows among Plantago laneeolata, in 
 May and August. The larva, discovered by Mr. Shield, mines 
 the upper surface of the leaves of the Plantago laneeolata; one 
 brood begins to feed in October, changing to pupa in May ; the 
 other brood feeds up in June and July. 
 
 10. Syringella, Fab. E. S. iii. 2. 328. 177 (1794); Schr. ; 
 Bouchc ; Step. ; Zell. ; Dup. ; Sta. — anastomosis, Haw. ; Curt. B. E. 
 fo. 479. — ardeapennella, Treit. ; Pup. Alis anticis albido-lntcis, basi, 
 macula dorsali, fasciis tribus obliquis (prima ac secunda angulatis, se- 
 cunda tertiaque conncxis) apiceque laete brunncis. Exp. al. 6 lin. 
 
 Head grcyish-ochreous. Face whitish. Palpi whitish ; terminal 
 joint with a narrow fuscous ring near the base, and a broader one before 
 the apex. Antennas fuscous, annulated with white. Anterior wings 
 yellowish-white, with the base dark fuscous, and with several brown 
 markings ; the first, a blotch on the inner margin not far from the base, 
 the second, an oblique fascia angulated in the middle, the third is a 
 paler angulated fascia connected in the middle with another oblique 
 fascia, which terminates in the anal angle ; the apical portion of the 
 wing is entirely brownish-fuscous, except two whitish spots on the 
 costa; cilia of the hinder margin whitish, externally with two dark 
 lines ; of the inner margin grey. Posterior wings grey, with paler 
 cilia. 
 
 An abundant species in gardens, among lilacs, in May and 
 July. The larva, when young, mines the leaves of the lilac, gre- 
 gariously, several larva; being in the same mine ; when nearly full- 
 grown, they frequently cease mining, and roll up the leaves, but 
 many remain as miners throughout the period of their existence 
 in the larva state. At times they become real pests from their 
 numbers, disfiguring the lilac-bushes by turning the leaves whitish- 
 brown ; the best way to thin their numbers is to pluck the leaves 
 whilst the young larva; are mining gregariously. The larva; may 
 be met with in J une and September ; they feed on ash and privet, 
 as well as on the lilac. The young mining larva; have the three 
 pair of ventral and two anal prolegs, as in the other larva; of this 
 genus, but to see them requires a good microscope. 
 
 11. omissella (Dougl.), Sta. Zool. 1848. p. 2163 ; Id. Ent. Trans, 
 i. n. s. pi. 15 f. 1. Alis anticis fuseescenle-yriseis, vel ochreis, strigis 
 quinque costse (ultima in npicc) maculisquc duabus dorsi (priore oblonga 
 basali, altera in medio) albis. Exp. al. 4 lin. 
 
GUACILAIUA. L09 
 
 Head and face whitish . Palpi white, the end of the second joint 
 and a ring before the apex of the terminal joint dark fuscous. Antennae 
 fuscous. Anterior wings greyish -fuscous or ochrcous, with five while 
 streaks from the costa, the first four oblique and nearly at equal dis- 
 tances, the fifth in the extreme apex running out into the hinder mar- 
 gin ; along the base of the inner margin is a white blotch, which almost 
 meets the first costal streak, and below the apex of the second costal 
 streak is a small white spot on the middle of the inner margin ; cilia of 
 the apex whitish, with a dark outer line, of the inner margin grey. 
 Posterior wings grey, with paler cilia. 
 
 Common at Dartford Heath, at the end of July, among Arte- 
 misia vulgaris. The larva mines the leaves of that plant, not 
 contorting them, but giving them an inflated appearance, at the 
 end of June and beginning of July, and again in the autumn. A 
 brood of the perfect insect probably appears in May. 
 
 12. phasianipennellct. Huh. 321 (1816); Id. Larvae ?; Treit. ; 
 Zell. ; Sta. Alis anticis nitidis brunneis, maeulis duabus dorsi, tribus 
 costae (prima obliqua ante, secunda eurvata pone medium, tcrtia obso- 
 lete ante apicem) albidis (interdum dilute bruuncis) fusco-marginatis. 
 Exp. al. 5 fin. 
 
 Head and face brown. Palpi brown, the base and tip of the termi- 
 nal joint paler. Antennae brown. Anterior wings shining brown, with 
 two whitish spots on the inner margin (one near the base and one in 
 the middle), and three on the costa (the first oblique before the middle, 
 the second curved posteriorly beyond the middle, the third very indis- 
 tinct just before the apex) ; these spots are rarely distinct, and at limes 
 hardly distinguishable except by their dark margins ; cilia brown. Pos- 
 terior wings grey, with paler cilia. 
 
 Appears in September and October, among Polygonum Hydro- 
 piper. Taken by Mr. Weaver in Scotland, and by Mr. Boyd in 
 the New Forest. The larva feeds in August and September on 
 the leaves of the Polygonum Ilydropiper ; it cuts a strip from the 
 side of a leaf, and rolls it up, taking care not to separate it from 
 the leaf; this rolled-up portion of leaf is generally placed perpen- 
 dicularly to the lower surface of the leaf; the larva feeds within 
 it, and when its provisions fall short, proceeds to treat another 
 leaf in a similar manner ; when full-fed it spins a fine white co- 
 coon within the rolled piece of leaf. (The only larva known to 
 feed in a similar manner is that mentioned by Reaumur as feeding 
 in September on the leaves of the sorrel, but this has not been 
 met with by any subsequent writer, and the species which it pro- 
 duces is unknown to us.) 
 
 13. auroguttella, Step. II. iv. 274 (1834); Sta.; Dougl. Ent. 
 Trans, ii. n. s. 124. pi. 14. f. 3. — lacertella, Zell. — sfyella, Haw.? — 
 
200 GRACILAHIID.E. 
 
 plumbella, Dup. ? Alis anticis saturate aueo-griseis, maculis quatuor 
 auras, prima dorsi l/asali, secunda ante medium prope costam, tertia 
 dorsi ante angulum analem, quarts costfe ante apicem. Exp. al. 4-4 £ 
 lin. 
 
 Head and face shining; bronzy-grey. Palpi brown-grey, the extreme 
 tip white. Antennas dark fuscous, with the tip white. Anterior wings 
 dark bronzy-grey, with (bur unmargincd golden yellow spots, one at the 
 base on the inner margin, a second near the costa before the middle, a 
 third on the inner margin before the anal angle, and a fourth on the 
 costa before the apex ; cilia greyish-fuscous. Posterior wings fuscous, 
 with grey cilia. 
 
 Common in May, and again in July and August, among Hype- 
 ricum. The larva feeds on several species of Hypericum, (prmci- 
 pally perforatum), in June, and in September and October; when 
 very young it mines the leaves, giving them a slight pucker ; it 
 afterwards rolls the leaves up into cones, of which it eats the inner 
 substance, whereby the cones, which are at first green, become 
 whitish or brownish ; when full-fed, it rolls up a short leaf longi- 
 tudinally, and therein spins its cocoon, and assumes the pupa 
 state. 
 
 14. quadruplella, Zcll. Isis, 1839. p. 209 \ Sta. Ent. Trans, i. n. s. 
 pi. 15. f. 5. — aurogutlella, Step. Alis anticis nitidis lutescentc-fiiscis, 
 maculis quatuor sulphureis, fusco-marginalis, prima dorsi prope basim 
 triangulari, secunda costa. ante medium obliqua, tenui, plieam fere tan- 
 gente, tertia dorsi pone medium triangulari, quarta costa; ante apicem 
 brevi. Exp. al. 4} lin. 
 
 Head yellowish-brown. Face paler. Palpi yellowish-brown ; the 
 base and apex of the terminal joint whitish. Antenna; fuscous, with 
 paler annulations. Anterior wings rather shining yellowish-brown, 
 with four sulphur-coloured dark margined spots ; the first on the inner 
 margin near the base, rather triangular, the second on the costa before 
 the middle, obliquely placed and slender, reaching nearly to the fold, 
 the third triangular on the inner margin beyond the middle, and the 
 fourth rather short on the costa before the apex ; cilia of the apex fus- 
 cous, of the inner margin grey. Posterior wings grey, with paler cilia. 
 
 A single specimen is in the collection of the British Museum, 
 being that formerly in the collection of the late Mr. Stephens, 
 who took it at Ripley, in June, 1827. (Twenty-seven years ago, 
 and still unique !)* 
 
 15. Ononidis, Zcll. Isis, 1839. p. 209; Sta. Ent. Trans, i. n. s. 
 pi. 15. f. 7. — Ononiella, Dup. — moniliella, Tengstr. — argenlipunclella, 
 
 * Since writing the above, having had an opportunity of comparing this specimen 
 with some brightly-marked specimens of phasianipennella, I am of opinion that 
 quadruplella is not a distinct species, but merely a strongly-marked variety of pha- 
 sianipennella. 
 
CORISOIUM. 201 
 
 Sta. Alis anticis saturate brunneis, punclis novem (uno prope dorsum, 
 tribus dorsi, quatuor coste, uno apicis) argenteis, nigro-marginatis. 
 Exp. al. 4 lin. 
 
 Head brown. Face silvery. Palpi white. Antennae brown, annu- 
 lated with white. Anterior wings dark brown, with nine silvery spots, 
 margined with blaek ; one is near the inner margin towards the base, 
 three arc on the inner margin, four on the costa, and one in the apex 
 of the wing; cilia brown. Posterior wings greyish-brown, with paler 
 cilia. 
 
 Occurs at Pembury amoiig Genista tinctoria, and near Mickle- 
 ham, in June, July, and August. The larva mines the leaves of 
 Ononis spinosa in April and May. 
 
 16. imperialella, Mann. L. E. ii. 365. Anm. (1847); Stn. Alis 
 anticis aureis, fascia abbreviate prope basim obliqua, strigis tribus cost®, 
 maculis duabus dorsi (cum strigis prima et secunda costa: fere in fascias 
 conncxis) maculaquc minorc ante apiccm argenteis. Exp. al. 'i\ lin. 
 
 Head yellowish. Face and palpi snowy-white. Antenna: pale grey. 
 Anterior wings shining-golden, with an oblique abbreviated silvery 
 fascia near the base, and beyond are three silvery streaks, from the costa, 
 of which the third reaches to the inner margin ; two small silvery spots 
 lie on the inner margin opposite the apices of the first and second cos- 
 tal streaks ; a small silvery spot lies immediately before the apex of 
 the wing ; cilia of the hinder margin whitish with two dark fuscous 
 lines, of the inner margin grey. Posterior wings pale grey, with paler 
 cilia. 
 
 Taken by Mr. Dale at Glanville's Wootton, in May, 1810. A 
 specimen is in Mr. Shepherd's collection. 
 
 Genus II. CORISCIUM. 
 
 Coriscium, Zell. Isis, 1839. p. 210 ; Dup. Cat. Tric/wtripis p., Hub. 
 Gracillaria p., Haw. ; Step. Elachista p., Hup. L. P. xi. 
 
 Caput supcrne ac in fronte lavigatitm. Ocelli nulli. Antenna; alas 
 anteriores longitudine ajquantes, tenues, articulo basali elongato, 
 incrassato. Haustcllum mediocre, nudum. Palpi maxillares lon- 
 giusculi, filiformes. Palpi labiales tenues, adscendentes, articulo se- 
 cundo infra fasciculo pilorum, tertio tenui acuminata. Ala: longe 
 ciliatic, anteriores elongate, posteriores lanceolate ; anteriores : vena 
 subcostalis basim versus interrupta ; cellula discoidalis obtusa postice 
 venas novem emittit; vena subdorsalis simplex; posteriores: vena 
 apicalis ante apicem exit, infra cam vena furcata; vena medians 
 trifida. 
 Head above and in front smooth. Ocelli none. Antenna? as long as 
 
 the anterior wings, slender, the basal joint elongate, thickened. Tongue 
 VOL. m. 2 D 
 
202 (iltAClLAHIID^E. 
 
 of moderate length, naked. Maxillary palpi rather long, filiform. La- 
 bial palpi slender, ascending, the second joint beneath with a tuft of hairs, 
 the terminal joint slender, pointed. Wings with long cilia, the anterior 
 elongate, the posterior lanceolate. In the anterior wings the subcostal 
 vein is interrupted towards the base ; the discoidal cell is obtuse, and 
 emits nine veins posteriorly (in C. Brongniurdellum the discoidal cell is 
 acute, and emits eight veins posteriorly) ; the subdorsal vein is simple ; 
 in the posterior wings the apical vein terminates above the apex, below 
 it is a furcate vein ; the median vein is trifid. 
 
 The species of this genus, three in number, resemble the Gra- 
 cilaria in habits. The larvrc mine or roll up leaves. 
 
 The genus may be thus subdivided : — 
 a. With a hook in the cilia of the anterior wings. Species 1. 
 a a. With no hook in the cilia of the anterior wings. Species 2, 3. 
 
 1. Brongniardellum, Fab. E. S. Sup. 496. 83 (1798).— sub- 
 striga, Haw. ; Step. — Curtisella, Dup. L. F. xi. pi. 309. f. 4. — querce- 
 tellum, Zell. Alis anticis griseo-brunneis, singulis cjuatuor obliquis 
 costac albidis, introrsum fusco-marginatis, prima cum strigula dorsi in 
 fasciam angulatam connexa, strigula altera albida in medio dorsi, squa- 
 mis albidis fuscisque ad anguluin analem ; ciliis apicis in caudulam ni- 
 grum proditclis. Exp. al. 4^ lin. 
 
 Head greyish-brown. Face grey. Palpi whitish ; terminal joint 
 fuscous. Antennre dark fuscous, annulated with whitish. Anterior 
 wings greyish-brown, with four oblique whitish streaks from the eosta, 
 margined towards the base with dark fuscous ; the first not far from 
 the base of the wing meets a short whitish streak from the inner mar- 
 giu, forming with it an angulated fascia ; on the middle of the inner 
 margin is another short whitish streak, dark-margined towards its apex ; 
 at. the anal angle are a few whitish scales, followed by some fuscous 
 scales ; cilia of the hinder margin whitish, with a dark line externally, 
 and a black hook from the apex ; cilia of the inner margin grey. Pos- 
 terior wings fuscous, with grey cilia. 
 
 Not uncommon in many places among oaks, in April, .Tune, 
 August, and September. The larva feeds in May and the begin- 
 ning of August; it mines the leaves of the oak (according to 
 Reaumur), mining when young, several iu one leaf, in galleries, 
 afterwards forming a common blotch of considerable size. 
 
 2. cuculipennellum, Hiib. Larva;, hi.; Treit. ; Evers. ; Hub. 
 Tin. 192? — cinerea, Haw.; Step. — alaudella, Dup. L. F. xi. pi. 308. 
 f. 1 ; Zell. L. E. ii. — Liguslrinella, Zell. Isis, 1838, 1839. Alis anticis 
 albidis fnsco-mixtis, fasciis tribus obliquis, prima propc basim interrupts, 
 secunda ante, tertia pone medium plicam tangentc, maculisque posticis 
 saturate fuscis. Exp. al. fl lin. 
 
 Head pale grey, mixed with fuscous. Face whitish. Palpi whitish ; 
 terminal joint dark fuscous. Anterior wings pale grey, or whitish, 
 
0KN1X. 208 
 
 mixed with fuscous, rcith three oblique dark fuscous fascia, which arc 
 nearest the base on the costa, the first near the base sometimes inter- 
 rupted, the second before the middle, the third a little beyond the 
 middle reaching only to the fold ; beyond are several dark fuscous 
 spots ; cilia of the hinder margin pale grey, varied with dark fuscous, 
 of the inner margin pale fuscous. Posterior wings grey, with paler 
 cilia. 
 
 Appears in September and October, and hybemated specimens 
 occur in the spring ; not uncommon at Whittlebury, also occurs 
 at Hartford Heath. The larva feeds on the privet in August 
 (according to Hvibner), rolling up the leaves into cones. 
 
 3. sulphurellum, Haw. L. B. 564 (1839); Step. ?— leucapen- 
 nella, Step. — ciirinella, F. v. R. pi. 70. f. 2 ; Zell. Alis anticis dilute 
 xit I pit i< mis, atomis numcrosis sparsis fuscis, intcrdum in maculas con- 
 fluentibus. Exp. al. 6-7 lin. 
 
 Head, face, and palpi pale sulphur. Antenna: fuscous, annulated 
 with whitish. Anterior wings pah; sulphur, intermixed with numerous 
 dark fuscous atoms, which arc sometimes confluent, and form dark 
 blotches; cilia of the hinder margin pale sulphur, of the inner margin 
 fuscous. Posterior wings dark grey, with fuscous cilia. 
 
 Not uncommon in the autumn in the New Forest, and at 
 Whittlebury ; hybemated specimens occur in the spring. 
 
 Genus III. ORNIX. 
 
 Ornix, Zell. Isis, 1839. p. 210; Dup. Cat. Trichotripk p., Hub. 
 
 Ornix p., Treit. 
 Capilli superne comosi, in fronte decumbentes. Ocelli nulli. Antennas 
 alas anteriorea longitudine asquantes, tcnues, articulo basali elon- 
 gate, incrassato. llaustcllum nudum. Palpi maxillarcs longiusculi, 
 lililbnnes. Palpi labiales tenues, subpenduli, cyliudrici, articulo se- 
 cundo squamis appressis, articulo tertio acuminato. Ala: longe 
 ciliatac, anteriorea oblongo-ovata, posteriorcs lanceolatae ; antcriores : 
 e cellula: discoidalis parte postica venae septem oriuntur, apicalis fur- 
 cata ; subcostalis basim versus obsoleta ; subdorsalis simplex ; pos- 
 teriorcs : vena apicalis ante apicem exit, infra cam vena furcata ; vena 
 mediana trifida. 
 
 Head above hairy, in front smooth. Ocelli none. Antenua: as long 
 as the anterior wings, slender, the basal joint elongate, thickened. 
 Tongue naked. Maxillary palpi rather long, filiform. Labial palpi 
 slender, rather drooping, cylindrical, the second joint with appressed 
 scales, the terminal joint pointed. Wings with long cilia, the anterior 
 oblong-ovate, the posterior lanceolate. In the anterior wings seven 
 veins arise from the hinder portion of the discoidal cell ; the apical 
 
204 GRACILARIIDjE. 
 
 vein is furcate ; the subcostal vein is obsolete towards the base ; the 
 subdorsal vein is simple. In the posterior wings the apical vein ter- 
 minates above the apex, below it is a furcate vein ; the median vein is 
 trifid. 
 
 The habits of the perfect insects of this genus are very similar 
 to those of the Gracilarice, but the smaller species are far more 
 frequently observed on the wing. None of this genus pass the 
 winter in the perfect state, all being then in pupa. The larvae, 
 when young, are true miners, aud their mines can with difficulty 
 be distinguished from those of a LUIiocolletis larva; but as soon 
 as the larva leaves the mine, the fact of its being untenanted, and 
 no pupa-skin protruding, sufficiently demonstrates that it is no 
 Lithocolletis mine. After quitting its mine, the larva turns down 
 a piece of the edge of the leaf, aud feeds within the cavity thus 
 formed ; except in the case of the larva, which feeds on the haw- 
 thorn, this turned-down place does not assume the conical form 
 so prevalent with the larvaj of Gracilaria ; when full-fed, the 
 larva turns dowu a smaller portion of the edge of the leaf, and 
 spins therein a firm, rather flat, ochrcous cocoon. 
 
 I enumerate only nine British species of this genus, though 
 probably I have individual specimens of two or three others, but 
 the extreme similarity of many of the species renders it extremely 
 unsafe to describe from single caught specimens; one of the 
 strongest characters for discriminating the species lying in the 
 extreme tip of the cilia of the anterior wings, which can rarely be 
 well seen except in bred specimens. On the continent are four 
 or five other distinct species. 
 
 The genus may be thus subdivided : — 
 a. Anterior wings with numerous short whitish or white streaks from 
 
 the costa. Species 1-8. 
 a a. Anterior wings with three triangular yellowish marks on the costa. 
 
 Species 9. 
 
 1. Avellanella, Sta. — mcleagripennella, Sta. Ent. Trans, i. n. s. 
 88. — taxella, Curt.P Alis anticis dilute griseis, dorso albo-farinato, 
 strigulis numerosis costa; albidis, maculis duabus plica), una posterior© 
 disci f'uscis, puneto apicis fusco ; ciliis albidis, Uneis duabus integris 
 fuscis ab apiee usque ad angulum analoin ; palpis albis, artieuli tertii 
 basi annuloque ante apicem fuscis. Exp. al. 4 lin. 
 
 Head whitish, mixed with fuscous. Face grey. Palpi whitish, the 
 last joint with the base and a ring before the apex fuscous. Antennae 
 dark fuscous, annulated with white. Anterior wings pale grey, inter- 
 mixed with white, especially along the inner margin; along the costa 
 arc numerous short whitish' streaks, obliquely placed till near the apex, 
 the three immediately before the apex nearly straight ; in the fold are 
 
ounix. 205 
 
 two dark fuscous spots, one before, the other beyond the middle ; be- 
 yond the latter is a dark spot on the disc ; in the apex of the wing is 
 a minute dark spot ; cilia whitish, with two entire curved dark lines 
 from the apex to the anal angle. Posterior wings pale grey, with paler 
 cilia. 
 
 Common among nut-bushes in May and August. The larva 
 abundant in nut-Icavcs in July, September, and October. 
 
 2. Devoniella, Sta. Ent. Trans, i. n. s. 89 (1850). Alis anticis 
 ochreis, dorso albido-farinato, strigulis numerosis costa; obsoletis, ma- 
 cula fusca plica? pone medium, puncto apicis atro ,■ palpis albis. Exp. 
 al. 4,1 lin. 
 
 Head ochreous. Face whitish. Palpi white. Antenna; white, with 
 darker annulations. Anterior wings ochreous, mixed with whitish, 
 especially along the inner margin ; along the costa are numerous indis- 
 tinct short whitish streaks ; in the fold of the wing is a fuscous spot 
 beyond the middle, and at the apex a distinct dark brown or black spot. 
 Posterior wings pale grey, with ochreous cilia. 
 
 A single specimen, taken May 1st, near Dawlish, in Devon- 
 shire. 
 
 3. Anglicella, Sta. Ent. Trans, i. n. s. 92 (I860).— nebulea, Haw. ? 
 Step. ? — melcagripennclla, Haw. ? Step. ? Alis anticis saturate griseis, 
 dorso albido-farinato, strigulis numerosis costa; albidis, maculis duabus 
 plica;, una posteriorc disci fusco-nigris, puncto apicis atro; ciliis albi- 
 dis, cxterne bis fusco-cinctis ; palpis albis, articuli secundi apice fusco, 
 tertii annulo lato nigro. Exp. al. 5 lin. 
 
 Head ochreous, mixed with fuscous. Face grey. Palpi white, the 
 extremity of the second joint fuscous ; terminal joint with a broad black 
 ring. Antennae dark fuscous, with whitish annulatious. Anterior 
 wings dark grey, intermixed with white, especially along the inner mar- 
 gin ; along the costa are numerous short whitish streaks, those towards 
 the apex being the most distinct, the last one being continued round 
 the apical black spot into the cilia of the hinder margin ; in the fold 
 are two dark fuscous spots, one before, the other beyond the middle ; 
 beyond the latter on the disc is a smaller dark fuscous spot, bounded 
 externally by a whitish streak ; cilia whitish, externally with two entire 
 dark fuscous lines from the apex to the anal angle. Posterior wings 
 grey, with paler cilia. 
 
 A most abundant species in hedges in the south of England, 
 appearing at the end of April (one of the harbingers of summer), 
 and in May, and again in August. I have bred it from larva; off 
 sloe, and 1 believe it also feeds on the hawthorn. The larva may 
 be found in July and September. 
 
 4. Betulse, n. sp. Alis anticis saturate griseis, dorso albido-fari- 
 nato, strigulis numerosis costa; albidis, maculis duabus plica;, una pos- 
 teriorc disci nigris, puncto apicis nigro; ciliis griseis, linca saturate 
 
206 GllACILAKIIDTE. 
 
 fusca ab apicem, Hnea secunda sub apicem usque nd angulum analcm, 
 ciliis apicis externa albis ; palpis albis, arliculi terlii annulo lato saturate 
 fusco. Exp. al. 4 liu. 
 
 Head greyish-fuscous. Face grey. Palpi white ; terminal joint with 
 a broad dark fuscous ring before the apex. Antenine dark fuscous, with 
 paler annulations. Anterior wings dark grey, irroratcd with whitish, 
 more especially towards the inner margin, with numerous short whitish 
 streaks from the costa; on the fold are two oblong black spots, the 
 second almost in the middle, another lies on the disc beyond the mid- 
 dle ; at the apex is a small black spot ; cilia grey, with a dark grey 
 line from the apex to the anal angle, and another beyond it below the 
 apex; the tip of the apical cilia being while. Posterior wings pale grey, 
 with pale greyish-ochreous cilia. 
 
 I have twice bred this from larvae found on birch, in July. A 
 second brood of larvae feeds in the birch-leaves in September and 
 October. 
 
 5. scutulatella, n. sp. Alis anticis fusco-griseis, aMo-farinato, 
 prcecipue dorsum versus, strigulis numerosis costa? albis, macula duabus 
 oblongis plicie, una postcriore disci fusco-nigris, puncto apicis atro ; 
 ciliis albidis, linca saturate fusca ab apicem, tinea secuuda sub apicem 
 usque ad angulum analem, ciliis apicis externe albis ; palpis albis, im- 
 maculatis. Exp. al. 4* lin. 
 
 Head whitish, mixed with fuscous. Face grey. Palpi white, un- 
 spotted. Antenna) fuscous, with whitish annulations. Anterior wings 
 greyish-fuscous, irrorated with while, especially along the inner margin 
 (having a more speckled appearance than any of its congeners) ; along 
 the costa are numerous short lohile streaks, the last of which passes 
 round the apical black spot to the hinder margin ; in the fold are two 
 oblong dark fuscous spots, and beyond is a lesser one on the disc ; cilia 
 whitish, with a curved dark line from the apex to the anal angle, be- 
 yond which is a second dark line beloio the apex, but the tips of the api- 
 cal cilia are white. Posterior wings pale grey, with paler cilia. 
 
 I have taken this on the Dartford Heath fence in June. It is 
 also in the collections of Mr. Douglas and Mr. Weir. 
 
 0. torquillella, Zcll. Ent. Ztg. 1850. p. 161 ; Sta. — meleagripen- 
 nellu, Hub. ? Dup. ? Evers. ? Alis anticis saturate griseis, glaucescenti- 
 bus, dorso albido, strigulis numerosis costa; albidis, duabus ultimis albis, 
 maculis duabus plicae, una postcriore disci nigris, puueto apicis atro; 
 ciliis albidis, externe bis fusco-cinclis ; capillis ochreo-fuscis, fronte grisea ; 
 palpis albis immaculatis. Exp. al. 5 lin. 
 
 Head ochreous, mixed with fuscous. Pace grey. Palpi white, im- 
 maculate. Antenna; dark fuscous, with paler annulations. Anterior 
 wings dark grey, with a slight purple gloss, with the inner margin 
 whitish, and with numerous short oblique whitish streaks along the 
 costa, anil two nearly straight short while streaks from the costa before 
 the apex, the latter of which is continued round the apical black spot 
 
OBNIX. 207 
 
 to the binder margin ; in the fold are two oblong black spots, one be- 
 fore, the other beyond the middle, and beyond them is a small dark spot 
 on the disc, preceding the continuation of the costal streak fifth from the 
 apex ; cdia whitish, externally with two curved dark lines from the apex 
 to the anal angle. Posterior wings pale grey, with paler cilia. 
 
 Not common ; appears in May and August. The larva feeds 
 in sloe-leaves in July and September ; it has been reared by Mr. 
 Logan and myself. 
 
 7. Scoticella, Sta. Ent. Trans, i. n. s. 94 (1850). — meleagripen- 
 nella, Treit. ? Alis anticis saturate griscis, basi dorsoque albo-farinatis, 
 strigulis numerosis costa; albis, maculis duabus plica3, una disci poste- 
 riore fusco-nigris, puncto apicis atro ; ciliis albidis, extents bis fusco- 
 cinctis ; capillis albis fmco-mixlis, f route palpisque albis. Exp. al. 5 lin. 
 
 Head white, mixed with fuscous. Pace while. Palpi white, imma- 
 culate. Antenna; fuscous, annulated with white. Anterior wings dark 
 grey, irrorated with white at the base and along the inner margin, with 
 numerous short while streaks from the costa, the last of which is con- 
 tinued round the apical black spot to the hinder margin ; in the fold 
 are two oblong blackish spots, and beyond is a smaller blackish spot 
 on the disc, followed by a short white streak ; cilia whitish, with tiro 
 curved dark lines from the apex to the anal angle. Posterior wings 
 grey, with paler cilia. 
 
 Abuudart in Scotland among mountain-ash, in June. The 
 larva feeds in the leaves of the mountain-ash in August and Sep- 
 tember. I am not aware that it is double-brooded. 
 
 8. Loganella, Sta. Zool. 1848. p. 2162. Alis anticis uigro-fuscis, 
 strigulis numerosis costa;, maculis duabus dorsi, strigulaque disci posle- 
 riore albis, puncto apicis atro ; ciliis albidis, cxtcrne fusco-cinctis. Exp. 
 al. 4 J lin. 
 
 Head greyish, mixed with brown. Face grey. Palpi white. An- 
 tenna; fuscous, with paler annulations. Anterior wings blackish, with 
 numerous short white streaks along the costa, and lico larger whitish 
 spots on the inner margin, one before, the other beyond the middle, be- 
 yond the latter on the disc is a short while streak ; at the extreme apex 
 is a small black spot ; cilia whitish, with a curved dark line from the 
 apex to the anal angle. Posterior wings grey, with greyish-ochrcous 
 cilia. 
 
 A scarce species ; appears in June and July. It has been taken 
 in several localities in the west of Scotland, and also in Cumber- 
 land. 
 
 9. guttea, Haw. L. B. 531 (1829) ; Step.— gultiferella, Dup. L. F. 
 xi. pi. 306. f. 12; Zell. — malinella, Hub. Larva;? — marginimaculella, 
 Evers. ? Alis anticis brunneis, guttis tribus costa; triangularibus, cum 
 duabus dorsi alternantibus, albidis. Exp. al. 5.1 lin. 
 
 Head dark oehrcous. Face rather paler. Palpi white. Antenna; 
 
208 coleophoiud;e. 
 
 dark fuscous, with paler annulations. Anterior wings dark brown, 
 with three triangular whitish spots on the costa, alternating with two 
 others on the inner margin ; cilia brown, with a few whitish scales on 
 the costa before the apex, and in the middle of the hinder margin, and 
 with two rows of darker scales round the apex. Posterior wings grey- 
 ish-fuscous, with paler cilia. 
 
 Common among apple-trees in May and June. The larva feeds 
 in applc-lcaves in July and August. 
 
 Family IX. COLEOPHOEIDiE. 
 
 Caput superne ac in fronte kevigatum. Antenna; articulo basali ple- 
 rumque penicillato, in quiete porrecla. Palpi maxillares nulli. Palpi 
 labiales tenues, articulo tertio acuminato. Ala elongala lanceolata. 
 Head above and in front smooth. Antenna porrecled in repose, the 
 basal joint frequently with a tuft of hair. Maxillary palpi none. La- 
 bial palpi slender, terminal joint acuminate. Wings elongate, lanceolate. 
 There are only two genera in this family, and one of those eon- 
 tains oidy one species (Goniodoma aurogultel/a) , not at present 
 known as British ; consequently we have only the remaining geuus 
 to consider. 
 
 Genus I. COLEOPIIORA. 
 
 Coleopiiora, Zcll. Isis, 1839, p. 206; Dup. Cat. Porrectaria p., 
 Haw. Ornix p., Treit. Damopldla et Porrectaria, Curt. Ornix et 
 Gracillaria p., Dup. L. P. xi. Astyagea p., Metulloselia et Porrec- 
 taria, Step. 
 Caput superne ac in fronte laevigatum. Ocelli nulli. Antennas articido 
 basali elongato, incrassato, plcrumque penicillato, iutcrdum usque 
 medium squamis incrassata;. Haustellum squamatum. Palpi labi- 
 ales tenues, subporrecti, articulo secundo fasciculo tenui producto, 
 articulo tertio acuminato. Ala; elongate, lanceolate, longe ciliatie ; 
 anteriores : vena subcostalis basim versus obsolcta ; veuse e cellula 
 discoidalis in costam tres, in apiccm una, in marginem posticum tres ; 
 vena subdorsalis longe furcata ; postcriores : vena apicalis furcata 
 supra et infra apicem exit ; vena discoidalis simplex, mediana bifida. 
 Larva saccophora, metamorphosis intra saccum. 
 Head above and in front smooth. Ocelli none. Antennae sometimes 
 thickened with scales to the middle, basal joint elongate and thickened, 
 frequently with a tuft of hair. Tongue scaled. Labial palpi slender, 
 rather porrccted, with a slender prolonged tuft from the second joint, 
 
 i 
 
C0LE0PH0RA. 20'J 
 
 the third joint pointed. Wings elongate, lanceolate, with long cilia. 
 In the anterior wings the subcostal vein is obsolete towards the" base; 
 from the discoidal cell three veins run to the costa, one to the apex' 
 and three to the hinder margin; the subdorsal vein lias a long Cork! 
 In the posterior wings the furcate apical vein terminates above and be- 
 low the apex; the discoidal vein is simple; the median bifid. The 
 larva a case-bearer, changing to a pupa within the case. 
 
 The species of this genus are rather numerous, 710 less than 
 forty-one British being already known, and many others occur on 
 the continent. The perfect insects of some species may be found 
 commonly on palings and trunks of trees, but the greater part 
 lead a very retired life, and are rarely seen; the tree-feeding spe- 
 cies may be observed in windy weather, flying on the lee-side of 
 the trees, endeavouring to resume their position on the branches, 
 from which the agitation of the foliage had dislodged them; the 
 other species are rarely met with on the wing, and fly only for short 
 distances if accidentally started from their retreats. Some of the 
 species arc of brilliant metallic colours, others of a uniform brown 
 or ochreous, but the greater part arc distinguished by pale longi- 
 tudinal streaks upon a dark ground. The larva? arc especially 
 distinguished by their cases and their mode of feeding. The 
 cases are constructed either entirely of silk, or of two cuticles of 
 a mined leaf fastened together and lined with silk ; the form of 
 the case is extremely varied, and is frequently of service to dis- 
 tinguish closely-allied species. The very young larva; are in 
 most instances miners till they have mined a sufficient portion of 
 leaf to furnish them with a case; they then cut out their case, 
 and attach it to the underside of the leaf, when they make a cir- 
 cular hole in the lower cuticle of the leaf, and proceed to devour 
 the parenchyma, gradually inserting a larger portion of then 
 body into the leaf as they consume the parenchyma near the en- 
 trance-hole, and have to reach further: thus they not ^frequently 
 may be found quite out of the case, and wholly within the leaf; 
 this always happens when they arc preparing to make a fresh ease ; 
 then they eat in one continuous direction till they have excavated 
 a sufficient portion, which they sew together and cut out, leaving 
 the old case attached to the leaf. The mined places are frequently 
 very conspicuous, being whitish or brown, and the round hole in 
 the cuticle of the leaf sufficiently shows it to be the work of a 
 Coleophora larva, even though the larva be not (here. The larvse 
 of some of the species feed on seeds, attaching the case to the 
 outside, and boring in. AH the species appear to remain a long 
 time in the larva state (some as much as nine months), and to be 
 in that slate during the winter months. 
 
 voi„ in. 2 E 
 
210 COLEOPIIORID^E. 
 
 The British species of the genus may be arranged in the fol- 
 lowing table : — 
 
 a. Anterior wings brilliant metallic greenish, or bronze. Species 1-5. 
 a a. Anterior wings not greenish or bronze, and not unicolorous. 
 b. Antennas much thickened with scales towards the base. Sp. 6-!). 
 b b. Antenna! hardly thickened with scales towards the base, or quite 
 bare. 
 c. Antenna; with a tuft of hair at the basal joint. Species 10-17, 
 
 and 20. 
 c c. Antenna; with no tuft of hair at the basal joint. Species 18, 
 19, 21-29. 
 a a a. Anterior wings not greenish or bronze, quite unicolorous, or only 
 with the costa slightly paler. Species 30-41. 
 Many of the species are so extremely similar, and yet each 
 species has a considerable range of variation, that it is no easy 
 matter to decide from single specimens taken on the wing (and 
 frequently in rather wasted condition) to which species they should 
 be referred, or whether they are not, in fact, new species; to pro- 
 nounce with certainty on such points, we require to know the 
 larvaj. It thus happens that many species I had previously cata- 
 logued as distinct, 1 have here united as synonyms of one species ; 
 yet that I am correct in so doing can only be proved by the dis- 
 covery of the larva; being identical. Of some species, which I 
 have no doubt arc distinct from any here enumerated, I possess 
 specimens, but in a condition too wasted to enable me to describe 
 them. 
 
 1 Fabriciella, Vill. E. L. ii. 527. 1077 (1789).— spissicomis, 
 Haw.; Curt.; Step. pi. 41. f. l.—Mayrella, Zell. ; lliib. 322?— te- 
 ehdcepeiinella, Evers. Alis anticis nitidis viridi-asneis, apiccm versus 
 cupreis ; antennis dimidio basali aquamis cupreis dense vestilo, caferum 
 albo nigro-annulato. Exp. al. 5$ lin. 
 
 Head, face, and palpi greenish-bronze. Antenna; thickly clothed with 
 coppery scales to the middle, then sharply annulaled black and white. 
 Anterior wings shining bronzy-green, towards the apex coppery ; cilia 
 purplish-grey. Posterior wings grey, with paler cilia. 
 
 Appears in June and July ; sometimes very plentiful in mea- 
 dows, and in dry flowery places. 
 
 2. deauratella, Lienig, Isis, 184G, p. 295 ; Zell.; Sta.— -TrifolU, 
 Step. ? Alis anticis nitidis viridi-amcis, apice cupreo ; antennis fuscis, 
 articulo basalt ac sequentibus squamis cupreis vestitis, apice albo. Exp. 
 al. 6-6 J lin. 
 
 Head, face, and palpi dark bronzy-green. Antennas dark fuscous, 
 the basal joint much thickened, and several of the succeeding joints slightly 
 so with coppery scales, the apex white. Anterior wings bronzy-green, 
 
coLEonionA. 211 
 
 the apex coppery ; cilia purplish. Posterior wings dark grey, with 
 paler cilia. 
 
 Occurs in July among clover, but scarce. 
 
 3. alcyonipennella, Kollar, Verz. tier tried, ost. Schm. p. 99 ; 
 Dup. ; Zell. ; Sta. ; Dougl. Ent. Trans, ii. n. s. 80. pi. xi. f. 2. Alis 
 anticis viridi-seneis ; antennis articulo l/asali vix wcrassalo, saturate 
 vii'idi-oincis, articnlis seplem ullimis all/is. Exp. al. 5.V tin. 
 
 Head, face, and palpi dark bronzy-green. Antcnmc with the basal 
 joint only very slightly thickened, dark bronzy-green, the last seven joints 
 white. Anterior wings shining bronzy-green ; cilia greyish-bronze. 
 Posterior wings grey, with grey cilia. 
 
 Appears in July among Cenlaurea nigra, but the perfect insect 
 is rarely met with. The larva is more readily found, and is nearly 
 full-fed in May ; it has a nearly straight cylindrical dark brown 
 case, and makes rather transparent pale brownish blotches on the 
 leaves of the Cenlaurea nigra. It has been found in various parts 
 of the couutry, near Liverpool, Dublin, Mickleham, etc. 
 
 4. Frischella, Linn. S. N. (10) 541. 289 (1758); W.V.; Zell.; 
 Sta. — Trifolii, Curt. B. E. fo. 391. Alis anticis nitidissimis viridi- 
 iTiiiois apice cupreo ; antennis, articulo basali vix incrassato, fuscis, apice 
 albo. Exp. al. 8-9 lin. 
 
 Head, face, and palpi bronzy-green. Antennas fuscous, with the 
 terminal joints white, the basal joint hardly thickened with bronzy-green 
 scales. Anterior wings extremely shining, bronzy-green, with the apex 
 coppery ; cilia purplish-grey. Posterior wings grey, with paler cilia. 
 
 Mr. Dale met with this species rather plentifully among trefoil 
 flowers, near the shore in the Isle of Portland, and at Charmouth, 
 in Dorsetshire, July 11th and 14th, 1831. 
 
 5. paripennella (P. v. E.), Zell. Isis, 1839, p. 208 ; Sta. Alis 
 anticisy*««co-a!ncis ; antennis fuscis, apice albo. Exp. al. 5 lin. 
 
 Head blackish-green. Pace rather silvery. Palpi yellowish. An- 
 tenna? dark fuscous, with the apex white, the basal joint scarcely thick- 
 ened. Anterior wings /Meows-bronze (comparatively short and broad), 
 with paler cilia. Posterior wings grey, with paler cilia. 
 
 Appears in June, and found occasionally in hedges and on 
 fences. The cases containing the full-fed larva or pupa are found 
 in April or May attached to palings, trunks of trees, etc. ; they 
 may be immediately recognized by the rugose projections on the 
 upper side, the mouth is turned round nearly at right angles, 
 whereby the case is parallel to the surface to which it is attached, 
 and is much less easily seen than if it projected, as usual, at an 
 angle of about 45°; in other respects the case has no peculiarity, 
 being rather short, straight, cylindric, but rather attenuated be- 
 hind. The larva which, I believe, belongs to this species, feeds 
 
212 COLEOI'HOUIDjE. 
 
 up in autumn ; it is polyphagous, and I have found it on sloe, nut, 
 birch, bramble, etc. 
 
 (i. Wockeella, Zell. L. E. iv. 215 (1849); Sta. Alis nnticis 
 branneis, apicc producto, venis albidis, costa tcnuissitne alba, postice 
 dilute-oohrea ; antennis albis, nigro-annulatis, apicc nlbo, dimidio basali 
 in dorso longing piloso cristalo, articuli basalis penicillo griseo. Exp. 
 al. 10 lin. 
 
 Head and face pale greyish- brown. Palpi whitish. Antennee whitish, 
 annulated with black to near the apex, the basal half clothed with long 
 dark hairs on the hack, the basal joint with a little grey tuft. Anterior 
 wings brown, with the apex produced ; the principal veins are faintly 
 white ; the costa is narrowly white, posteriorly pale ochrcous ; cilia 
 brown. Posterior wings grey, with paler cilia. 
 
 Two specimens were taken by Mr. Weir, at Pembury, a few 
 years back. Last summer he bred a third from a dark brown slightly 
 curved case he found attached to a leaf of Genista linctoria, al- 
 though there were no symptoms that the larva had fed upon that 
 plant. 
 
 7. ochrea, Haw. L. B. 533 (1829) ; Step. ; Zell. L. E. iv. ; Sta. 
 — argentipenneUa, Dup. L. P. xi. pi. 310. f. 3; Zell. Isis, 1847. — hap- 
 sella, Zell. Isis, 1839. Alis antieis oehreis, costara versus saturatiori- 
 bus, dorso anguste lineaque plica argenleis ; antennis albis (penicillo ba- 
 salt luugo ochreo), squamis oehreis usque medium vestitis. Exp. al. 
 9 lin. 
 
 Head, face, and palpi ochrcous. Antenna? clothed with ochrcous 
 hairs to near the middle, then unicolorous white, the basal joint with a 
 long ochrcous tuft. Anterior wings ochrcous, rather darker towards 
 the costa, with a silver streak along the fold, and a narrow one on the 
 inner margin ; cilia greyish-ochreous. Posterior wings fuscous, with 
 paler cilia. 
 
 Occurs at lliddlesdown in July and August, but more commoidy 
 near Bristol. The cases have been found on the seeds of Poten- 
 titta argentca. 
 
 8. binotapennella (P. v. P.), Dup. L. P. Sup. iv. 295. pi. 75. 
 f. 3 (1812). — binolatella, Zell.; Sta. Alis antieis obscure oehreis, 
 punctis dnobus obsoletis, uno in medio plicae, altera posteriore disci, 
 saturate fascia ; antennis albis, fusco-anuulatis, basim versus squamis 
 oehreis in dorso vestitis, arlieuli basalis penicillo brcvi oehrco. Exp. 
 al. (i! lin. 
 
 Head, face, and palpi ochrcous. Antennee white, annulated with 
 fuscous, clothed with ochrcous scales on the back towards the base, 
 with a rather short ochrcous tuft at the basal joint. Anterior wings 
 dull ochrcous, with two indistinct dark fuscous spots, one about the 
 middle of the I'uld, the other on the disc towards the hinder margin; 
 cilia dull ochrcous. Posterior wings pale grey, with pale ochrcous cilia. 
 
COLEOPIIORA. 213 
 
 Taken in August last, on the coast near Brighton, by Mr. 
 Heuimings and Mr. Douglas, among Salicornia and C/ienopodiwa 
 marilimum. 
 
 9. Lixella, Zell. L. E. iv. 231 (1849) ; Sta.— ornatea, Haw.— 
 ornallpennella, Step. ; Dup. ? Alis anticis dilute lutcis, apicc incurvo 
 producto, linea plicae, lineola disci, litieolis quinque obliquis costam 
 versus aYgentds,fusco-margiuatis; antennis albis, basim versus squamis 
 albis vestitis, artieuli basalis penicillo longo albido. Exp. al. 8i lin. 
 
 Head, face, and palpi white. Antenna:! white, slightly clothed with 
 white scales near the base, with a long yellowish-white tuft at the basal 
 joint. Anterior wings with the apex prolonged and curved, pale yellow, 
 with a silvery streak along the fold, a short one a little above it on the 
 disc, and five short oblique silvery streaks towards the costa ; all these 
 streaks are margined with fuscous ; the inner margin is also narrowly 
 silvery ; cilia pale fuscous. Posterior wings fuscous, with paler cilia. 
 
 Occurs at Mickleham, Sanderstcad, and near Bristol, at the 
 end of June and beginning of July. The larva feeds (according 
 to Zellcr) on the leaves of Rohm lanatus. 
 
 10. vibicella, Hub. 308 (1816); Zell. ; Sta. — vibicipennella, 
 Treit. ; Dup. ; Evers. j Weaver. Alis anticis ochreis, lineola obliqua 
 pone medium juxta costam lineola augulata disci (spatio interjecto brun- 
 nescentc), lineolaque plicae, argenteis; antennis albis, artieuli basalis 
 penicillo longo ochreo. Exp. al. 9i lin. 
 
 Head ochreous. Face and palpi silvery. Antenna) white, with a 
 long ochreous tuft at the basal joint. Anterior wings ochreous, with 
 three silvery streaks, one on the subcostal vein commencing near the 
 middle of the wing, not reaching to the costa, one slightly angulated on 
 the disc (the space between these two is brownish, which colour is con- 
 tinued to the apex of the wing), and one along the fold terminating be- 
 fore the anal angle ; cilia grey. Posterior wings grey, with paler cilia. 
 
 I am not aware of any collector having detected this insect in 
 this country, except Mr. Weaver, who found the larva; in Trench 
 Wood, Worcestershire, in the first week of June, 1844. The 
 larvae feed on the Genista tinctoria, in firm, shining black cases, 
 which, as Mr. Weaver remarks, are not unlike the ripe pods of 
 some papilionaceous plants. 
 
 11. conspicuella (Mann.), Zell. L. E. iv. 236 (18-19); Sta. 
 Alis anticis dilute luleis, linea prope costam a oasi usque apicem lineola 
 augulata disci (spatio interjecto brunnescente), linea plica), dorsoque 
 angusle argenteis ; autennis albis, artieuli basalis penicillo longo albido. 
 Exp. al. 9 lin. 
 
 Head, face, and palpi whitish. Antenna white, with a long whitish 
 tuft at the basal joint. Anterior wings pale yellow, with the inner mar- 
 gin narrowly silvery, and with three silvery streaks, one near the costa, 
 commencing at the base, and continued to immediately before the apex, 
 
211 COLEOriIOIUD/E. 
 
 one slightly angulated on the disc before the anal angle (the space be- 
 tween these two is brownish), the third is on the fold ; cilia pale grey. 
 Posterior wings pale grey, with ochreous-grey cilia. 
 
 A single specimen was taken by Mr. Bedell, in Headley-lane, 
 near Micklcham, July 12th, 1847. The larva feeds on Centaurea 
 scabiosa, in a rather large, slightly-curved, somewhat flattened 
 brown case. Mr. S. Stevens has twice found it in the hilly field 
 at lleadley-lane, in June, but has not succeeded in breeding the 
 perfect insect. 
 
 12. pyrrhtdipexmella (Tischer), Zcll. Isis, 1839, p. 206; Sta.— 
 mbidgerella, Dap. ? Alis anticis griseo-ochrcis, costam versus satura- 
 tioribus, costa, lineola parum antjulata disci, linoa plica;, dorsoque niveis ; 
 auteimis albis fusco annulatis, articuli basalis penieillo griseo. Exp. al. 
 
 6 lin. , . ... 
 
 Head and face greyish-ochreous. Palpi white. Antenna: white, 
 Simulated with dark fuscous, the basal joint with n grey tuft. Ante- 
 rior wings greyish-ochreous, darker towards the costa, with the costa 
 and inner margin snowy white, a slightly angulated snowy white streak 
 on the disc above the anal angle, and a snowy white streak along the 
 fold reaching to the anal angle, where it appears to run into the white 
 hinder margin; cilia greyish-ochreous. Posterior wings dark grey, 
 with paler cilia. 
 
 Occurs in June and July on heaths; has been taken at Dart- 
 ford Heath, AVimblcdon Common, and near Huddersfield. The 
 larva feeds on Calhma vulgaris and Erica cinerea in autumn and 
 spring, and the shining black cases of the full-fed larvse may be 
 found in May. 
 
 13. albicosta, Haw. L. B. 535 (1829); Step.; Curt. B. E. fo. 
 G87 ; ZeJL ; Sta. Alis anticis dilute griseo-ochrcis, costam versus satu- 
 ratio'ribus, costa lineola fire recta disci, lineaque plica; albis; anteiinis 
 albis, fusco-anuulatis, articuli basalis penieillo brevi ochreo. Exp. al. 7 lm. 
 
 Head greyish-ochreous. Pace and palpi whitish. Antenna; white, 
 Bimulated with fuscous, the basal joint with a short ochreous tuft. An- 
 terior win»-s pale greyish-ochreous, darker towards the costa, with the 
 costa while, and with a short white streak on the disc commencing near 
 the middle of the wing, and a white streak on the fold ; a short white 
 streak runs along the hinder margin at the apex ; cilia greyish-ochreous. 
 Posterior wings grey, with greyish-ochreous cilia. 
 
 Very common amongst furze-bushes at the end of May and in 
 June. 
 
 14. Vulnerarise, Zell. Isis, 1839, p. 207 ; Sta.— iclerella, Dup. ? 
 Alis anticis dilute luteis, costa, lineola disci fere recta, liuea plic;u, dor- 
 soque argenteo-albidis, squamis fuscis pane marginalis ; aiitcnms albis 
 fusco-annulatis, basim versus squamis albidis vestitis, articuli basalis 
 penieillo breviusculo albido. Exp. al. fi lin. 
 
COLEOPIIORA. 215 
 
 Head, face, and palpi white. Antennae white, annulatcd with dark 
 gvey, the three first joints slightly thickened with whitish scales, the 
 basal joint with a rather short whitish tuft. Anterior wings pale yel- 
 low, with the costa and inner margin, a nearly straight streak on the 
 disc beyond the middle, and a streak along the fold silvery while, with 
 some dark fuscous scales on the margins of these streaks ; cilia pale fuscous. 
 Posterior wings dark greyish-fuscous, with paler cilia. 
 
 Appears in June and July; specimens have occurred near 
 Deal. 
 
 15. anatipennella, Hub. Tin. 186 (1801); Treit. ; Step.— Tili- 
 ella, Schr. j Zcll. j Sta. — anatipennis, Haw. ? Alis anticis albis, squamis 
 sparsis fuscis, praecipue apicem versus ; antennis albis, fusecscentc an- 
 nulatis, articuli basalis penicillo longo albido. Exp. al. 7 \ lin. 
 
 Head, face, and palpi white. Antennae white, annidated with pale 
 fuscous, the basal joint with a long whitish tuft. Anterior wings white, 
 with numerous scattered fuscous scales, especially towards the apex ; cilia 
 white, with the ends fuscous. Posterior wings fuscous, with paler cilia. 
 
 Not uncommon in hedges in June and July. The larva has a 
 brown-black case, somewhat in the form of a pistol, which (ac- 
 cording to Reaumur's observations) is entirely constructed of silk 
 spun by the larva, and afterwards coloured by a peculiar viscid 
 secretion of the larva; the larva is not uncommon in May, on 
 sloe and other trees. 
 
 16. palliatella, Zincken, g. S. Germ. Mag. i. 40 (1813); Zell.; 
 Sta. — palliipennella, Treit. ; Hup. ? Alis anticis albis, postice vents 
 obsolete fuscis, costa ipsa fusca ; antennis albis fusco-annulatis, articuli 
 basalis penicillo longo albido. Exp. al. 8 lin. 
 
 Head, face, and palpi white. Antenna; white, annulated with fus- 
 cous, the basal joint with a long whitish tuft. Anterior wings white, 
 with the veins towards the apex indistinctly fuscous, and the extreme 
 costa fuscous ; cilia pale fuscous. Posterior wings fuscous, with paler 
 cilia. 
 
 Not an uncommon species, appearing in June and July. The 
 larva is polyphagous. Mr. Bond met with it plentifully on sallow 
 a few years back ; the case somewhat resembles that of the pre- 
 ceding, but has in addition a large appendage or nap on each side, 
 almost entirely concealing the actual case ; these flaps, like the 
 case, are (according to Reaumur's observations) entirely formed of 
 silk. 
 
 17. currucipennella (V. v. 11.), Zell. Isis, 1839, p. 247; Sta. 
 Alis anticis niveis, venis late luteis, postice brunnescenlibus ; antennis 
 albis fusco-annulatis, articuli basalis penicillo longo ochreo. Exp. al. 
 7 lin. 
 
 Head, face, and palpi whitish. Antenna? white, annulatcd with fas- 
 
21fi C'OLEOPIIOHID.E. 
 
 cous, the basal joint with a long ochreous tuft. Anterior wings white, 
 with the veins broadly yellowish, towards the apex inclining to brown ; 
 costal cilia brown, at the tips white; hinder marginal cilia pale fuscous. 
 Posterior wings fuscous, with paler cilia. 
 
 Appears in June and July, but nowhere common, The larva, 
 which feeds on oak, is full-fed in May ; the ease is somewhat like 
 that of anatipenuella, but lias several little projections on the 
 back ; it has been found at Epping and Wimbledon Common. 
 
 18. niveicostella (P. v. P.), Zell. Isis, 1839, p. 208 ; Sta. ; Dup. ? 
 Alis anticis ochrcis, costam versus saturatioribus, costa nivca ; antennis 
 albis, articulo basali incrassato, non penicillato, ochreo. Exp. al. CJ lin. 
 
 Head and face pale ochreous. Palpi whitish. Antennae white, the 
 basal joint thickened, with no tuft, ochreous. Anterior wings ochreous, 
 darker towards the costa ; the costa narrowly white to near the apex ; 
 cilia pale ochreous. Posterior wings grey, with paler cilia. 
 
 Has occurred at Micklcham and at Dartford lleaU), in June 
 and July. 
 
 19. discordella, Zell. L. E. iv. 301 (1849); Sta.—gallipennis, 
 Haw.? — galipenne/la, Step.? Trcit. ? Alis anticis ochreis, costam ver- 
 sus saturatioribus, costa, tinea tenuissima plica?, dorsoque angusle niveis ; 
 antennis albis fusco-annulatis, articulo basali incrassato, vix penicillato, 
 grisco. Exp. al. 6 lin. 
 
 Head greyish-ochreous. Pace and palpi whitish. Antenna' white, 
 Simulated with fuscous, the basal joint grey, slightly thickened, with a 
 few projecting scales beneath, but hardly sufficient to be considered a 
 tuft. Anterior wings ochreous, darker towards the costa, with the costa 
 nearly to the apex white, and with a very slender white streak along the 
 fold and, the inner margin narrowly ichite ; cilia greyish-ochreous. Pos- 
 terior wings grey, with paler cilia. 
 
 The perfect insect is occasionally met with in June and July, 
 and has occurred in various localities, but is nowhere abundant. 
 Mr. Shield, who discovered the larva of this species, finds the 
 cases abundantly on Lotus coruiculatus, near Dublin, in May. 
 The young larva; begin feeding in autumn ; the brown case is 
 rather curved, almost hooked at the end, and has a flounced ap- 
 pearance; the mined leaves appear very white. 
 
 20. saturatella, Sta. Zool. 1850. App. xciii. Alis anticis satu- 
 rate brunneo-ochreis, costa latins, lineola angulata inlerruptaqne disci, 
 linca tenuissima plica;, dorsoque angustc niveis ; antennis albis, articuli 
 basalis griaei penicillo brevi griseo. Exp. al. 7 lin. 
 
 Head greyish-white. Face and palpi white. Antenna; white, the 
 basal joint grey, with a short grey tuft. Anterior wings dark brotonisk- 
 ochreous, with the costa to near the apex rather broadly white, an ex- 
 tremely narrow slightly angulaled and interrupted streak on the disc, a 
 
COLEOPIIOHA. 217 
 
 very narrow streak on the fold, and the inner margin narrowly white ; 
 cilia at the apex dark fuseous, below paler. Posterior wings pale grey, 
 with paler cilia. 
 
 Occasionally met with amongst broom in July. 
 
 21. Onosmella, Brahm, Scriba's Beit. ii. 133-140. pi. 9. f. 7, 8 
 (1791); Zell. ; 8ta.— struthionipennella, Treit. ; Step.; Dup.; Hub. 
 Tin. 209 ?—pennella, W. V. ? Alis anticis albis, venis tenuibus ochra- 
 ceis ; antennis albis, subtus fusco-punctatis, artieulo basali incrassato, 
 vix griseo-penicillato. Exp. al. 9-10 lin. 
 
 Head, face, and palpi whitish. Antenna; white, spotted with fuscous 
 beneath, the basal joint slightly thickened, with a few projecting grey- 
 ish scales beneath. Anterior wings white, with slender ochreous veins ; 
 cilia greyish. Posterior wings grey, with greyish-fuscous cilia. 
 
 Common among Echium vidgare in July. The larva feeds on 
 that plant from autumn to June, in cases formed of pieces of the 
 mined leaves; these cases are very broad, almost triangular, dirty 
 grey, and from the prominent stiff hairs of the leaves have a sin- 
 gular appearance; the young larvae, in autumn, mine sufficient 
 for the construction of the case, but do not detach it from the 
 leaf till the spring, it consequently only appears as a portion of 
 withered leaf. The larva was first observed by Brahm on Onosma 
 echioides ; it feeds also on Anchusa. 
 
 __ 22. therinella (Zcll.), Tcngstrom, P. P.-F. 141. 7 (1847); Zell.; 
 Sta. Alis anticis angmtulis albis, venis dilatatis ochreis, postice con- 
 fluenlibus, costa angnste alba; antennis albidis fuscescente-aiinulntis, 
 artieulo basali incrassato, non penicillato. Exp. al. 7 lin. 
 
 Head, face, aufl palpi pale ochreous. Antenna; whitish, annulatcd 
 with pale fuscous, the basal joint slightly thickened, not tufted. An- 
 terior wings narrow, white, unspotted, with the veins rather broadly 
 ochreous, posteriorly confluent ; the costa is narrowly white to near 
 the apex ; cilia ochreous. Posterior wings grey, with paler cilia. 
 
 Appears in June and July in grassy places, but hitherto very 
 scarce ; I only know of two specimens which I can unhesitatingly 
 refer to this species, of which one is in Mr. Wilkinson's collec- 
 tion, and the other in my own. 
 
 23. troglodytella, Zell. L. E. iv. 322 (1849); Sta.; Dup.?— 
 Vnr. ? Inula;, Dougl. ; Sta. Alis anticis laliusculis argeiileo-albis, venis 
 distinctis ochreis ; antennis albis fusco-annulatis, artieulo basali incras- 
 sato, non penicillato. Exp. al. 7 lin. 
 
 Head, face, and palpi ochreous-white. Antenna"! white, annulatcd 
 with fuscous, the basal joint slightly thickened, not tufted. Anterior 
 wings rather broad, silvery white, unspotted, with the veins blight 
 ochreous ; the costa is narrowly white to near the apex ; cilia greyish- 
 ochreous. Posterior wings grey, with paler cilia. 
 
 vol. in. 2 p 
 
218 COLEOPHOIUDJE. 
 
 Not commonly met with in the perfect state, appearing in June 
 and July amongst Eupatorium cannabinum and Inula dysenlerica, 
 on the leaves of which plants the larva feeds in May, in a long, 
 nearly straight, cylindrical case of a uniform dirty-ochreous colour, 
 except a brown patch on the basal half of the back. The speci- 
 mens Mr. Douglas bred from the Inula have narrower anterior 
 wings than the typical insect, which I have bred both from Inula 
 and Eupatorium, and the cases, though similar in form and colour, 
 were much smaller; it is possible it may yet prove a distinct 
 species. 
 
 24. lineolea, Haw. L. B. 534 (1829) ; Step. ; Sta. — crocogrammos, 
 Zell. Alis anticis latiusculis albis, venis dilatatis ochrcis, postice con- 
 fluentibus, costa late usque medium alba; nlis posticis griseis, ciliis 
 ochreo-griseis ; antennis albis totis, vcl fuscescenti-aiinulatis, articulo 
 basnli incrassato, non penicillnto. Exp. al. 6i lin. 
 
 Head, face, and palpi pale ochreous. Antenna; white, unannulated 
 or annulated with pale fuscous, the basal joint slightly thickened, not 
 tufted. Anterior wings rather broad, white, with the veins pale ochre- 
 ous, posteriorly confluent; the costa is broadly white nearly to the 
 middle ; cilia greyish-ochreous. Posterior wings grey, with ochreous- 
 grey cilia. 
 
 Common in June and July among Stachgs sylvatica and Bal- 
 lota nigra, on which plants the larva may be found from March 
 to May. It feeds on the leaves ; the places mined by it are of a 
 pale brown colour ; the case is rather flat, angulated at each side, 
 and is extremely hairy. 
 
 25. murimpermella (E. v. P.), Zell. L. E. iv. 834 (1849); Sta. 
 — leucapennis, Haw.? — leucapennella, Step.? Alis anticis angustis albidis, 
 venis dilatatis griseo-ockreis, postice conflucntibus ; antennis albis, fusco- 
 annulatis, articulo basali vix incrassato albido, non pcnicillato. Exp. 
 al. 6 lin. 
 
 Head, face, and palpi greyish-ochreous. Antenna; white, annulated 
 with fuscous, the basal joint whitish, scarcely thickened and not tufted. 
 Anterior wings narrow, white, with the veins rather broadly greyish- 
 ochreous, posteriorly confluent, and, in the male especially, much con- 
 cealing the ground-colour; cilia pale greyish-ochreous. Posterior 
 wings grey, with paler cilia. 
 
 Common in flowery meadows in May and June. 
 
 26. csespititiella, Zell. Isis, 1839, p. 208; Sta.— Var. ? aliicolella, 
 Zell. ; Sta. — Var. ? lacunicolella, Zell. ; Sta. Alis anticis angustis aculis 
 nitidis, griseo-ochreis, vel griseo-luteis, costa anguste alba ; antennis albis 
 fusco-annulatis, articulo basali fuscescente parum incrassato, non peni- 
 cillato. Exp. al. 5^ lin. 
 
 Head, face, and palpi greyish-ochreous. Antenna; white, annulated 
 
COLEOPHOKA. 219 
 
 with fuscous to near the npex, the basal joint pale fuscous, slightly 
 thickened, not tufted. Anterior wings narrow, acute, sinning, greyish- 
 ochreous or greyish-yellow, with the costa narrowly white to near the 
 apex, where it is lost in the whitish-ochreous cilia. Posterior wings 
 grey, with paler cilia. 
 
 Specimens in which the costa of the anterior wings is only paler, and 
 not distinctly white, have been reputed distinct species, but I fancy im- 
 properly. 
 
 Very common amongst rushes in June. The larva feeds from 
 September to May on the seeds of the rush, frequently completely 
 quitting its small whitish case to burrow into the seeds. 
 
 27. annulateUa (Nylander), Tengstrom, F. F.-F. 143. 12 (1847) ; 
 Zell. ; Sta. — vestianella, Lin. ? Fab. ? Alis anticis acuminatis, griseo- 
 ochrcis, inter venas squamis nigris albisqi/e sparsis, costa anguste albida ; 
 antennis albis fusco-annulatis, articulo basali fuscescente, non penicillato. 
 Exp. al. 7 lin. 
 
 Head and face greyish-ochreous. Palpi white. Antennas white, an- 
 nulated with fuscous, the basal joint pale fuscous, not tufted. Anterior 
 wings acuminate, greyish-ochreous, or dark greyish-ochreous, with some 
 scattered black and white scales between the veins ; the costa is narrowly 
 dirty-white to beyond the middle; cilia greyish-ochreous. Posterior 
 wings grey, with paler cilia. 
 
 Very common in July and August among Chenopoclimn and 
 Atrip lex ; the larva feeds in the autumn on the seeds of those 
 plants in a rather short whitish-grey silken case, externally covered 
 with grains of sand. 
 
 This species, like many of its congeners, is extremely variable, 
 and 1 strongly suspect that Flavaginella, Lieuig (Zell. L. E. iv. 
 353), is only one of the phases of it. 
 
 28. argentula, Zell. L. E. iv. 368 (1849); Sta.; Step. ?— olidi- 
 pennclla, lliib. Tin. 433 ? Dup. ? Alis anticis laiiusculis, albis, venis 
 dilatatis ochreis, interstitiis albis parce fusco-sqnamatis ; antennis albis 
 fusco-annulatis, articulo basali incrassato albido, non penicillato. Exp. 
 al. 6 lin. 
 
 Head and face pale greyish-ochreous. Palpi whitish. Antenna; 
 white, simulated with fuscous, the basal joint somewhat thickened, 
 whitish, not tufted. Anterior wings rather broad, white, with the veins 
 broadly ochreous ; in the intervening while spaces are a fev> scattered 
 dark fuscous scales; the costa is narrowly white to beyond the middle; 
 cilia greyish-ochreous. Posterior wings grey, with paler cilia. 
 
 Not common ; occurs amongst yarrow (Achillea Millefolium) 
 iu July. The larva feeds in the autumn on the seeds of the 
 yarrow in a rather short whitish case; it remains in the larva 
 state throughout the winter and spring. 
 
220 COLEOPIIORIDVE. 
 
 29. hemerobiella, Scop. P. C. 252. 650 (1703) j Bohr. ; Zell. ; 
 P. v. It. pi. 69. pi. 70. f. 1.— anseripenneUa, 1-Iiib. Tin. 319; Treit.j 
 Step. ; Du]). Alis anticis albis fusco-irroratis, puncto postico fusco ; 
 antemiis albidis nigro-annulatis, artioulo basali griseo-fusco non peni- 
 cillnto. Exp. al. 8 lin. 
 
 Head pale grey. Pace and palpi dark grey. Antenna; wliitisli, 
 annnlated with dark fuscous ; the basal joint greyish-fuscous, slightly 
 thickened, not tufted. Anterior wings white, with numerous scattered 
 fuscous scales, and with a more conspicuous fuscous spot above the 
 anal angle ; cilia greyish-fuscous. Posterior wings fuscous, with paler- 
 cilia. 
 
 Appears in orchards in July; occurs at Putney and Hammer- 
 smith plentifully in the larva state. The larva has a large, nearly 
 straight, cylindrical, dark brown case; it feeds on the pear, plum, 
 and cherry in May. 
 
 30. juncicolella, Sta. Sup. Cat. p. 7 (1851). Alis anticis ochreo- 
 griseis, unicoloribus ; antennis fuscis, articulo basali vix incrassato, 
 non penicillato. Exp. al. 3£ lin. 
 
 Head, face, and palpi ochreous-grcy. Antennas unannulated, dark 
 fuscous; the basal joint slightly thickened, not tufted. Anterior wings 
 oc/ireoiis-grey, with paler cilia. Posterior wings grey, the apex ex- 
 tremely pointed, with pale grey cilia. 
 
 Has occurred in July among rushes at Kilmun and near Folk- 
 stone; in Mr. Douglas's collection and in my own. 
 
 31. Laricella, Hub. Tin. 427 (1816); Dup. ; Zell.; Sta.— larl- 
 cinella, Katz. — argyropemwlla, Treit. Alis anticis /«seo-griseis unico- 
 loribus; antennis $ fuscis, °. albidis fusco-anuulatis, articulo basali 
 vix incrassato, fusco, non penicillato. Exp. al. 4-5 lin. 
 
 Head, face, and palpi shining grey. Antenna; of the $ fuscous, of 
 the ? whitish, annulatcd with fuscous ; the basal joint slightly thick- 
 ened, fuscous, not tufted. Anterior wings grcyish^/wscoMS, with paler 
 cilia. Posterior wings pale grey, with paler cilia. 
 
 Common among larches in June ; the larva lias a short, dirty- 
 white case, and feeds on. the leaves of the larch in autumn and 
 spring. 
 
 32. albitarsella, Zell. L. E. iv. 378 (1849) ; Sta. ; Dougl. Ent. 
 Trans, ii. n. s. 79. pi. xi. f. 1. — monacella, Schr. ? Alis anticis nitidis 
 vlolaceo-nigris ; antennis albis nigro-annulatis, basiin versus violaceo- 
 nigris, apicc longe albo, articulo basali parum incrassato, penicillo 
 brevi ; pedibus griseis, tarda albis. Exp. al. 5-6 lin. 
 
 Head violet-black. Pace and palpi silvery-grey. Antenna; with 
 the slightly enlarged basal joint and several of the succeeding joints 
 violet-grey, then white,. annulatcd with black; the apex entirely white. 
 Anterior wings shining vlold-hlack, with paler cilia. Posterior wings 
 grey, with paler cilia. Legs shining grey ; the tarsi white. 
 
COLEOPHORA. 221 
 
 Appears in June and July among ground-ivy [Glechoma hecle- 
 racea), but rarely met with in the perfect state. The larva feeds 
 from November to April on the leaves of the ground-ivy, but 
 only on such plants as grow completely in the shelter of a hedge; 
 the mined places are at first whitish, but afterwards become of a 
 pale dirty-brown; the case is rather long, slightly curved, dark 
 brown. The larva also (according to Bruand) feeds on Origanum. 
 
 33. nigricella, Step.; Sta. — lusciniapennclla, Bouche. — coracipeti- 
 nella, Zell. ; Hub. P Dup.P Step. P — serratella, Lin. ? — spinella, Schr. ? 
 Alis anticis fusco-nigris, unicoloribus ; autennis albis fusco-annulatis, 
 articulo basali incrassato fusco-griseo, non penicillato. Exp. al. 5 lin. 
 
 Head and face greyish-brown. Palpi paler. Antenna; white, annulated 
 witli dark fuscous ; the basal joint slightly thickened, greyish-brown, 
 not tufted. Anterior wings unicolorous, fuscous-Wac/fc, with paler cilia. 
 Posterior wings dark grey, with paler cilia. 
 
 Abundant among hawthorn in June and July. The larva feeds 
 on the leaves of the hawthorn, apple, pear, and sloe in May, in 
 nearly straight cylindrical brown-black cases; the case of the 
 young larva, which commences feeding in autumn, is curved, 
 somewhat like a cornucopia. A larva probably also referable to 
 this species feeds in May on the leaves of the birch. 
 
 34. fuscedinella, Zell. S. E. iv. 383 (1849); Sta.— obscurea, 
 Haw. P — obscurella, Step. P Alis anticis fusco-griseis unicoloribus ; an- 
 tennis albidis, fusco-annulatis, apicc albido, articulo basali incrassato 
 fusco, non penicillato. Exp. al. 6 lin. 
 
 Head, face, and palpi brownish-grey. Antenna; whitish, annulated 
 with fuscous, more faintly so towards the apex ; the basal joint slightly 
 thickened, fuscous, not tufted. Anterior wings unicolorous fuscous, 
 more or less tinted with grey, with paler cilia. Posterior wings fus- 
 cous, with paler cilia. 
 
 Abundant among elms and alders in July. The larva feeds in 
 May and June on the leaves of those trees in a brown case, rather 
 stouter than that of nigricella ; the young larva has a curved 
 case. 
 
 It is of the larva of this species that Mr. Spcnce has described 
 the operations, from his own observations, on some larvae upon 
 the alders in the Hull Botanic Garden (Kirby and Spence, 4th 
 edit. vol. i. p. 459). Lame probably referable to this species 
 feed on the nut and hornbeam. 
 
 35. orbitella, Zell. L. E. iv. 385 (1849); Sta. Alis anticis ni- 
 tidis grisco-f'uscis unicoloribus ; autennis niveis fusco-annulatis, apice 
 albo, articulo basali graciliore, grisco-fusco, non penicillato. Exp. al. 
 6 lin. 
 
 Head and face greyish-brown. Palpi paler. Anteima; snowy- 
 
222 COLEOPHORIDiE. 
 
 white, annulatcd with dark fuscous; the apex white; the rather 
 slender basal joint is greyish-fuscous, not tufted. Anterior wings shin- 
 ing greyish-fuscous, with paler cilia. Posterior wings grey, with paler 
 cilia. 
 
 I have four specimens, taken at West Wickham, at Lewisham, 
 and in the Isle of Arran, in June and July. 
 
 36. gryphipennella, Bouche, Naturgeschichte, 131 (1834). — 
 rhodophagella, Koll. — lusciu'uspennella, Zell. ; Sta. Alis anticis lalius- 
 culis, ochreo-griseis ( ? fere ochreis) ; antennis niveis nigro-annulatis, 
 articulo basali graciliore, ochreo-griseo, non penieillato. Exp. al. 6 lin. 
 
 Head, face, and palpi greyish-ochrcous. Antenna; snowy -white, 
 annulated with black; the slender basal joint greyish-ochrcous, not 
 tufted. Anterior wings rather broad, greyish-ochreous (the latter colour 
 prevailing in the ? ) ; the cilia unicolorous with the wing. Posterior 
 wings grey, with paler cilia. 
 
 Common among roses in June. The larva feeds in April and 
 May on the leaves of the rose, and is sometimes so numerous as 
 to be rather a pest in gardens, disfiguring the plants, from the 
 bleached appearance of the mined leaves ; the case is dirty grey- 
 ish-ochreous, slightly curved, strongly serrated on the back ; the 
 young larva commences feeding in the autumn, but attaches itself 
 to the stem on the fall of the leaves, remaining inactive till the 
 
 s P rin g- 
 
 As tins species is one easily to be met with, and being a garden 
 insect more exposed to observation than many others, I proceed 
 to give a description of the mode of operating of the larva, which 
 has been drawn up by Mr. Shield. " The larva, immediately on 
 its exclusion from the egg, begins at one and the same time to 
 feed and to construct its case ; for this purpose it commences to 
 gnaw at the side of the midrib so as to effect an entrance between 
 the skins of the leaf, having done which it proceeds to devour the 
 inner substance of the leaf, thus clearing out a space for its body : 
 when it has arrived at the edge of the leaf, or at the point which 
 it intends should be the top of its case, it turns round and re- 
 traces its steps, cutting oil' in its progress the mined portion of 
 the leaf, and joining the edges together and at the same time 
 slightly curving the skins so as to afford it a more spacious habi- 
 tation ; having arrived at the spot where it originally entered the 
 leaf, its case is perfectly detached, and it either mounts on to the 
 leaf or descends by its silken thread to another. When its case 
 has become too small for it, it attaches itself to the side of the 
 midrib of some leaf and proceeds to operate as in the previous in- 
 stance, leaving the old case attached to the leaf and walking away 
 with the new one." It takes the precaution to make its new case 
 
COLEOPHORA. 223 
 
 much larger than it appears to have any occasion for, which is to 
 allow for the growth of the larva ; a new-made case is extremely 
 transparent, but the larva soon sets to work to line it with silk, 
 being aware that it would stand small chance of escaping the 
 numerous and ubiquitous Ichneumons if it lived in a glass 
 
 37. viminetella (v. Heyden), Zell. L. E. iv. 393. Anm. i. (1849) j 
 Sta. — luscin'uepennella, Treit. ? Dup. ? Alis anticis angustidis ochreo- 
 griseis, apicem versus paullulum saturatioribus ; nntemiis albis, fusco- 
 annulatis, articulo basali griseo-ochreo, non penicillato. Exp. al. 6 lin. 
 
 Head, face, and palpi greyish-ochreous. Antenna; white, annulated 
 with fuscous ; the basal joint greyish-ochreous, not tufted. Anterior 
 wings rather narrow (very variable in colour), generally greyish-ochre- 
 ous, slightly darker towards the apex. Posterior wings grey, with 
 paler cilia. 
 
 Not uncommon among sallows and osiers in June and July. 
 The larva feeds in autumn and spring on the leaves of those 
 plants; its case is very peculiar, being made of pieces of leaf 
 added at different times; it is not uniform in colour or size, 
 being generally darkest towards the top, and of course broadest 
 towards the bottom. The perfect insect can sometimes hardly be 
 distinguisbed from the allied species ; a fact which ought to make 
 us extremely cautious in concluding that because we can see no 
 distinction between species, they are therefore identical ; not till 
 the entire habits and history of the different specimens are known 
 can we pronounce decidedly that they are not distinct. 
 
 38. olivaceella, n. sp. Alis anticis o?M>««?o-griscis, dorsum ver- 
 sus saturatioribus ; antennis albis fusco-annulatis, articulo basali gra- 
 ciliore olivaceo-griseo, non penicillato. Exp. al. 6 lin. 
 
 Head, face, and palpi olive-grey. Antennae white, annulated with 
 fuscous ; the annulations hardly perceptible before the apex ; the basal 
 joint rather slender, olive-grey, not tufted. Anterior wings olive-grey, 
 inclining to dark grey along the inner margin ; cilia pale olive-grey. 
 Posterior wings dark grey, with paler cilia. 
 
 Two specimens taken by Mr. Allis, of which one is in my own 
 collection. 
 
 39. solitariella, Zell. L. E. iv. 397 (1849); Sta.; Dougl. Ent. 
 Trans, ii. n. s. 81. pi. xi. f. 3. Alis anticis angustidis, ochreo-Jlavis, ni- 
 tidis; ciliis apicis ochreo-Havis, anguli analis saturate griseis ; antennis 
 niveis, nigro-annulatis, articulo basali ochreo-flavo non penicillato. 
 Exp. al. 5 J lin. 
 
 Head, face, and palpi ochreous-yellow. Antenna; snowy-white, 
 annulated with black; the basal joint ochreous-yellow, not tufted. 
 Anterior wings rather narrow, shining, ochreous-yelloto ; the cilia at the 
 
224 ELACHISTIDJE. 
 
 apex of the same colour, at the anal angle dark grey. Posterior wings 
 dark grey, with paler cilia. 
 
 Not rare among Stellaria holostea ; appears iu July, but seldom 
 met with in the perfect state ; the larva feeds on the leaves of the 
 Stellaria holostea, from November to June, in a whitish cylindri- 
 cal case, with a darker patch on the back. 
 
 •40. lutipennella, Zell. Isis, 1838, p. 713; Dup. P— lutarea, Sta.; 
 Haw. ? Step. ? — ochroleucella, Step. ? Alis anticis ochreo-ilavis, grosse 
 sguamalis ; ciliis apicis ochreo-flavis, anguli analis dilutioribus ; anten- 
 nis albidis, nigro-annulatis, articulo basali ochreo-flavo, non penicillato. 
 Exp. al. 6 lin. 
 
 Head, face, and palpi ochrcous-yellow. Antenna; whitish, annulated 
 with dark fuscous or black ; the basal joint pale ochreous-yellow, not 
 tufted. Anterior wings coarsely scaled, ochreous-yellow; cilia at the 
 apex ochreous-yellow, paler at the anal angle. Posterior wings pale 
 grey, with ochreous-grey cilia. 
 
 Common among oaks in June and July. The larva feeds iu 
 May on the leaves of the oak (and also on the birch), in a straight, 
 nearly cylindrical, yellowish-brown case. 
 
 41. badiipennella (F. v. P.), Zell. L. E. iv. 401 (1849); Sta. 
 Alis anticis saturate ochreo-griseis, costa angusle albida, postice ochrca ; 
 antennis albis fusco-annulatis, articulo basali robusto ochreo-griseo, 
 non penicillato. Exp. al. 4s$ lin. 
 
 Head, face, and palpi pale grcyish-ochrcous. Antenna; white, an- 
 nulated with fuscous ; the rather short basal joint greyish-ochreous, 
 not tufted. Anterior wings dark greyish-ochreous, the costa narrowly 
 ■whitish to near the apex, where it runs into the ochrcous cilia ; cilia of 
 the hinder margin grey. Posterior wings pale grey, with paler cilia. 
 
 Not uncommon among elms and ash-trees in June and July. 
 The larva-case is rather short, cylindrical, dark brown, with the 
 mouth turned round nearly at right angles. Mr. Preston once 
 found one of the larvce feeding on an ash-leaf early in May. 
 
 Family X. ELACHISTLDiE. 
 
 Capilli latvigati. Palpi labialcs tcnucs, filiformes, acuminati. Ala; an- 
 teriores oblongas, vcl elongatoe ; posteriores lanceolatoe vel lineari- 
 lanceolata. 
 
 Head smooth (at least as the rule, Bedellia and Tischeria are excep- 
 tions). Labial palpi slender, filiform, mostly recurved and pointed. 
 Anterior wings oblong or elongate ; the posterior wings lanceolate or 
 linear-lanceolate. 
 
ELACHISTIDJE. 225 
 
 The position of the perfect insects in repose is also rather cha- 
 racteristic, for in most of the genera they sit closely appresscd to 
 the surface ou which they rest. 
 
 The individuals of many of the species in this family are ex- 
 tremely numerous, making up for their small size by their greater 
 numbers ; some are rather gaily coloured, but the greater propor- 
 tion are variously shaded with grey or black, varied with white or 
 whitish ; in a few the markings are metallic. The perfect insects 
 mostly fly at dusk, some may be met with flying in little swarms 
 in the afternoon ; a few are of retired habits and rarely seen on 
 the wing. The larvae arc most frequently leaf-miners, some few 
 are however external feeders. They have sixteen feet, though in 
 Tischeria the development both of the legs and prolegs is very 
 slight. The pupa is sometimes enclosed in a firm cocoon, some- 
 times in one of open network, but not unfrcquently the pupa is 
 naked, affixed by the caudal extremity, with a belt of silk round 
 the middle, like some of the Riiopalochua ; and in Bedeliia the 
 similarity is still more striking, the pupa being angulatcd, and like 
 that of a Pieris in miniature. 
 
 The genera of this family represented here arc fourteen in 
 number, and may be tabulated in the following way : — 
 a. Posterior wings extremely narrow, almost sctiform. 
 b. Head rough. 1 . Bedellia. 
 b b. Head smooth. 
 
 c. Antennas with long slender hairs. 2. Stathmopoda. 
 c c. Antenna; naked. 
 
 d. Basal joint of the antenna; long. 3. Cosmofteryx. 
 d d. Basal joint of the antenna; short. 4. Bateacheura. 
 a a. Posterior wings lanceolate or linear-lanceolate. 
 e. Head rough in front. 5. Oinofiiila. 
 e e. Head smooth. 
 /. Anterior wings with projecting tufts of scales from the inner 
 
 margin. 6. Chauliodus. 
 //. Anterior wings with no projecting tufts from the inner margin. 
 g. Anterior wings with raised tufts on the disc. 
 /(. The tufts not metallic. 7. Laverna. 
 h h. The tufts metallic. 8. Curysoclista. 
 g g. Anterior wings smooth, not retuse below the apex, nor 
 posteriorly appearing from the cilia broader. 
 i. Labial palpi short and thick. 9. Heliodines. 
 i i. Labial palpi slender, of moderate length. 
 k. Antenna; rather thick. 10. Anybia. 
 Jck. Antenna; slender. 11. Asycuna. 
 g g g. Anterior wings smooth, the costa slightly retuse. 12. 
 Chrysocorys. 
 
 VOL. III. 2 G 
 
2<5b ELACHISTIDjE. 
 
 y y g y. Anterior wings smooth, posteriorly appearing from the 
 cilia broader. 13. Elachista. 
 e e e. Head rough behind. 14. Tisciiekia. 
 
 Genus I. BEDELLIA. 
 
 Bedeixia, Sta. Cat. p. 23 (1849). 
 
 Capilli superne ac in fronte hirsuti, epistomio laevigata. Ocelli nulli. 
 Palpi labiales breviusculi, subporrccti, acuminati. Haustellum nu- 
 dum. Antenna? alas anteriorcs longitudine requantes, tenues, ar- 
 ticulo basali clongato, crassiusculo. Alae longe ciliatic, anteriores 
 angusta;, posteriores anguslissima ; anteriores : ccllula discoidalis 
 acuminata, venas duas in costam, venam apicalem furcatam (cujus 
 ramus inferior trifidus), venam unicam in marginem posticum 
 mittit ; subdorsalis ape\ obsoletus ; posteriores : venas subcostalis et 
 subdorsals distinctaj, reliqinc obsolete. 
 
 Head above and in front hairy ; the face smooth. Ocelli none. 
 Labial palpi rather short, almost porrected, pointed. Tongue naked. 
 Antenna; as long as the anterior wings, slender, the basal joint elongate 
 and rather thickened. Wings with long cilia, the anterior narrow, the 
 posterior extremely narrow. In the anterior wings the acuminate dis- 
 coidal cell emits two veins to the costa, a furcate apical vein (of which 
 the lower branch is tri(id) and a single vein into the hinder margin; 
 the apex of the subdorsal vein is obsolete. In the posterior wings 
 the subcostal and subdorsal veins are distinct, the remainder are ob- 
 solete. 
 
 Only one species is known in this genus, which, though of 
 recent discovery, is already ascertained to occur in Sicily, in Aus- 
 tria, and in the south of England. The perfect insect reposes 
 with its fore legs drawn in beneath it, and its head but slightly 
 elevated from the surface on which it rests. There are two broods 
 in the year, one in August and the other in October ; the latter 
 brood probably hybernatcs, as Professor Zeller met with the insect 
 in the spring. The larva is extremely beautiful, and iu motion 
 reminds one of a half-loopcr Noctuina larva ; it mines in the 
 leaves of Convolvulus arvensis (sometimes, but very rarely, in C. 
 Sepium), frequenting only those plants which grow completely in 
 the shelter of hedges ; it makes large whity-brown blotches in the 
 leaves, and is extremely careful to make its excrement outside its 
 mine, for this purpose retreating to the opening in the leaf, and 
 exserting its anal extremity. The naked angulated pupa is sus- 
 pended at the junction of two or tliree cross silken threads, or 
 suspended by threads fastened to the two extremities. 
 
 1. somnulentella, Zell. Isis, 1847. p. 894; Dougl. Ent. Trans. 
 
STATHMOPODA. 227 
 
 ii. n. s. 208. pi. xvii. f. 1. — Orplieella, Sta. Alis auticis obscure 
 oclireis, fusco-irroratis, dorso dilutiore. Exp. al. 4J lin. 
 
 Head greyish-ochreous. Face dark fuscous. Palpi fuscous, termi- 
 nal joint dirty ochreous. Antenna; dark fuscous. Anterior wings 
 dirty ochreous, coarsely irrorated with fuscous, palest along the inner 
 margin ; cilia pale grey. Posterior wings grey, with paler cilia. 
 
 Appears in August aud October among Convolvulus arvensis, 
 but so retired in habit that it is rarely seen. The larva mines the 
 leaves of the C. arvensis in the beginning of August and middle 
 of September ; sometimes it is very plentiful. 
 
 Genus II. STATHMOPODA. 
 
 Stathmopoda, Zell. (in litt.) Cosmopteryx p., Hub. ; Zell. Isis, 
 
 1839 ; Dup. Cat. Elachista p., Dup. L. F. xi. 
 Capilli lrcvigati, frons obtusa. Antennas corporis longitudiue, setaceaj, 
 articulis elongatis, <J tenerrime longe piloses. Palpi labiales longius- 
 culi, hcves, tenues, recurvi, acuti, articulo secundo compresso. 
 Haustellum breve, squamatum. Tibia; postica: pilis incrassat/r, 
 longe spinosac. Aire longissimc ciliata?, nnteriores angusta;, pos- 
 teriores angustissimrc ; nnteriores : cellula discoidalis clongata, postice 
 non clausa ; rami quatuor postremi basi libera ; vena; mediana; rami 
 tres elongati ; submediana postice incrassata ; subdorsalis simplex ; 
 posteriores : vena costalis (?) furcata, ramo altera in costara, altero 
 in marginem posticum exeunte ; mediana ramos quatuor in marginem 
 posticum cmittit. 
 
 Head smooth, the forehead obtuse. Antenna; as long as the body, 
 setaceous, with elongate joints, in the <J with very delicate long hairs. 
 Labial palpi rather long, smooth, slender, recurved, acute, the sccoud 
 joint compressed. Tongue short, clothed with scales. The hinder 
 tibiae thickened with hairs, with long spines. Wings with very long 
 cilia, the anterior narrow, the posterior extremely narrow. In the an- 
 terior wings the elongate discoidal cell is not closed posteriorly ; the 
 four last branches have the base free ; three elongate branches proceed 
 from the median vein; the subraedian vein is posteriorly thickened; the 
 subdorsal vein is simple. In the posterior wiugs the costal (?) vein 
 is furcate, one branch running into the costa, and the other into the 
 hinder margin ; the median vein emits four branches to the hinder 
 margin. 
 
 Only one species is at present known in this genus; it has 
 long been known abroad (though in this country very rare), yet 
 its preparatory states still are unascertained ; the Linnean asser- 
 tion, "Habitat in Alni foliis subcutanca," not having been con- 
 firmed, may be entirely erroneous, like the " Habitat in Fagi foliis 
 
228 ELACHISTID^E. 
 
 subcutanea," given for Schafferella, and may therefore only put 
 us on the wrong scent. The perfect insect in repose extends its 
 hind legs (according to the observations of Linnaeus and Zeller) in 
 a horizontal direction. 
 
 1. pedella, Lin. F. S. 1433 (1161).— cylindrella, ~F&b.—cylin- 
 dricus, Panz. I. G. 24. — angustipennella, Hub. ; Treit. ; Dup. L. P. 
 xi. pi. 309. f. 10. Alis anticis dilute luteis, costa fusca, maculis tribus 
 dorsi fuscis prima basali, secunda ante, tertia pone medium, secunda 
 tertiaque costam versus linea fusca conjunctis. Exp. al. 4j-5 lin. 
 
 Head, lace, and palpi pale yellow. Antenna?, pale fuscous. An- 
 terior wings pale yellow, with the costa fuscous, and three fuscous 
 spots on the inner margin ; the first at the base, the second before the 
 middle, and the third beyond the middle ; the second and third are 
 united towards the costa by a slender fuscous streak; in the apex is a 
 small fuscous spot ; cilia fuscous. Posterior wings fuscous, with paler 
 cilia. 
 
 Appears in July, frequenting alders. A specimen taken near 
 Brandon, by Mr. Dunning, is in his collection. 
 
 Genus III. COSMOPTERYX. 
 
 Cosmopteryx p., Iliib. v. 424 (1816); Zell. ; Dup. Graeillaria p., 
 Haw. Glyphipteryx p., Step. 
 
 Capilli kevigati, frons valde eonvexa. Antennas corporis longitudine, 
 setacea;, articulo basali valde lorujo, clavato, reliquis valde confertis, 
 crassiusculos, nudae. Palpi labiates longiusculi, tenucs, recurvi, ar- 
 ticuli secundi apicc incrassato. Haustellum mediocre, squamatura. 
 Tibia; posticoe paruin incrassatoe, fascieulatse, spinis mediocribus cras- 
 siusculis. Ala; longissime ciliatas, anteriorcs angustse, posteriores 
 setacea; ; anteriorcs : cellula diseoidalis elongata, postice non clausa ; 
 rami apicales tcnues, basi libera ; vena; mcdiaiue rami tres elongati ; 
 submediana simplex, juxta subdorsalem/«rajto« ; posteriores: venae 
 ramiquc plane obsoleti. 
 
 Head smooth ; the forehead extremely convex. Antenna; as long as 
 the body, setaceous, with the basal joint very long and clavate, the 
 remainder very thickly set together, rather thick, without hairs. La- 
 bial palpi rather long, slender, recurved, the apex of the second joint 
 thickened. Tongue moderate, clothed with scales. The hinder tibia; 
 slightly thickened, tufted, with moderately long, rather thick spines. 
 Wings with very long cilia, the anterior narrow, the posterior seta- 
 ceous. In the anterior wings the elongate discoidal cell is posteriorly 
 not closed ; the slender apical veins have the base free ; from the me- 
 dian vein three elongate branches proceed ; the simple submedian vciu 
 
cosmoptehyx. 229 
 
 is close to the furcate subdorsal vein. In the posterior wings the veins 
 and branches are obsolete. 
 
 Three species of surpassing beauty constitute this genus, but 
 one of them has not yet been found in Britain. The larva; of 
 none are known; but the larva of Brurella is pretty strongly 
 suspected: it mines in the leaves of the hop in September, when 
 full fed quitting the leaf and forming a fine white cocoon, within 
 which the larva remains unchanged during the winter, hence the 
 perfect insect is difficult to rear. Mr. Douglas had collected a 
 number of these larva; in the autumn of 1852, but many escaped 
 from his breeding cage, and the remainder died ; in the following 
 July he found a specimen of the perfect insect on the window of 
 the room where he had kept his larva; ; subsequently Mr. Wing 
 discovered some of the perfect insect (not previously known to 
 occur in this locality) by beating the hop-plant, the leaves of 
 which had furnished the mining larva; the previous autumn. I 
 therefore conclude that these miners are the larva; of Brurella, but 
 that they arc so is not yet proved. 
 
 1. Drurella, Fab. S. E. 666. 64 (1775).— JW^fo, Zell. Ent. 
 Ztg. 1850. — Zieylerella, Hub. Tin. 306; Evers. — eximia, Haw.; Step. 
 Alis anticis alris, fascia obliqua argentea prope basim, fascia recta in 
 medio, fasciaque postcriore obliqua violaceo-argenteis, spatium triangu- 
 larc saturate aurantiuni includeutibus, strigulis duabus argenteis, altera 
 supra angulum analem, altera in ipso apicc. Exp. al. 4 lin. 
 
 Head dark fuscous, metallic. Face and palpi rather silvery. An- 
 tenna; black, with a ring before the apex, and the apex white. Ante- 
 rior wings black, with an oblique silvery fascia near the base (nearest the 
 base on the costa), a nearly straight fascia in the middle, and an 
 oblique fascia beyond the middle silvery-violet (this last fascia is near- 
 est the base on the inner margin) ; the triangular space included be- 
 tween these two fascia; is deep orange, margined with black ; above the 
 anal angle is a short silvery streak, and another is in the extreme apex 
 of the blackish cilia. Posterior wings blackish, with paler cilia. 
 
 Truly, as Ilaworth says, "species formosissima ;" it has oc- 
 curred in some plenty in several localities near London in July ; 
 it was reputed to frequent a willow-tree at Hackney, probably 
 because some hops grew in the vicinity. 
 
 2. Lienigiella, Zell. Isis, 1846. p. 298; Sta. Alis anticis sa- 
 turate ochreis, strigulis tribu9 tcnuibus ex basi albo-argenteis, prima 
 costali mox deflexa et ante medium desinente, secunda supra plicam, 
 tertiaque dorsnli in medio desinentibus, macula in medio costa; albida, 
 punctis quinque plumbeo-argentcis pone medium in circulo positis, 
 pone hax strigula argenteo-alba in apice extrcmo decurreute. Exp. al. 
 44-5 lin. 
 
230 ELA.CHI8TID;E. 
 
 Head dark ochreous, a pale line on each side behind the eyes. Face 
 whitish. Palpi whitish, terminal joint pale fuscous. Antenna; dark 
 fuscous. Anterior wings dark ochreous, with three slender silvery 
 white streaks from the base, one along the costa, which is soon de- 
 flected, and ceases before the middle of the wing, another runs above 
 the fold, and the third along the inner margin to the middle ; in the 
 middle of the costa is a whitish spot, not sharply defined ; beyond the 
 middle of the wing are five small leaden-silvery spots placed almost in a 
 circle ; beyond them a silvery white streak runs at the apex of the wing 
 through the cilia, separated from the whitish costal cilia by a narrow 
 fuscous streak ; cilia of the inner margin pale grey. Posterior wings 
 grey, with paler cilia. 
 
 This species, which to my notions is even more elegant than 
 the preceding, occurs in the Cambridgeshire fens in June and 
 July. 
 
 Genus IV. BATRACHEDRA. 
 
 Gracillaria p., Haw. ; Step. Ornix p., Treit. Cosmopteryx p., Zell. 
 
 Capilli laevigati ; frons angustula, obtusa. Antenna: corporis longitu- 
 dine, setacese, articulo basali irevi, reliquis confertis, nuda. Palpi 
 labiales mediocres, recurvi, acuti, articulo sccundo compresso, sub- 
 clavato. Haustellum mediocre, squamatum. Tibia; posticae parum 
 incrassata:. Ala: longe ciliatse, antoriores angusta;, posteriorcs an- 
 gustissimse, fasciculo costa prope baslm ; anteriores : cellula discoi- 
 dalis valde elongata vix clausa ; rami apicales attenuati, subobsoleti ; 
 mediauae ramus primus brcvissimus, obliqnus ; submediana simplex; 
 subdorsalis simplex, furca basim versus indicata ; posteriores : vena 
 mediana tantum postice distinctior, ramis nullis. 
 Head smooth ; the forehead rather narrow, obtuse. Antenna? as 
 long as the body, setaceous, the basal joint short, the remainder thickly 
 set together, loilhoul hairs. Labial palpi moderately long, recurved, 
 acute, the second joint compressed, subclavate. Tongue of moderate 
 length, clothed with scales. The hinder tibia; slightly thickened. 
 Wings with long cilia, the anterior narrow, the posterior extremely 
 narrow, with a tuft projecting from the costa near the base. In the an- 
 terior wings the extremely elongate discoidal cell is hardly closed pos- 
 teriorly ; the attenuated apical veins are almost obsolete ; the first 
 branch of the median vein is very short and oblique; the submedian 
 vein is simple ; the subdorsal vein is simple, but there are indications 
 of a fork towards the base. In the posterior wings the median vein is 
 only more distinct posteriorly, with no branches. 
 
 Only two species are at present known in this genus : one, prcc- 
 amjudu, is very common among willows and poplars in July, and 
 
may frequently be observed sitting on the trunks of those trees 
 with the anterior feet put back, like Bedellia, not forwards like 
 Gracilaria, and the head a little raised ; the larva has been ob- 
 served by Lienig, who records it as feeding between united aspen- 
 leaves. Of the larva of pinicolella we have no record, in spite 
 of Duponchel's amusing remarks (Cat. 374), "that Fischer de 
 Rbslerstamin had written him word that the larva of jOMwcolella 
 lived in the catkins of the poplar, but that it appeared, from a 
 case placed in his collection, beside that of pinicolella, these larvae 
 lived in moveable cases like those of the genus Coleophora." 
 
 1. prseangusta, Haw. L. B. 530 (1829); Step. — turdipennella, 
 Treit. ; Dup. L. F. xi. pi. 310. f. 7 ; Zell. ; Lienig. Alis anticis exal- 
 bidis, fusco-variegatis, basi juxta costam pallida, lineolis duabus nigris 
 osseo-cinctis, priore plicae ante medium, altera disci pone medium. 
 Exp. al. 7 lin. 
 
 Head and face dirty-whitish. Palpi dirty-whitish, the last joint 
 with two dark fuscous rings. Antenna; fuscous aunulatcd with whitish. 
 Anterior wings dirty-whitish, varied with fuscous, only the basal por- 
 tion of the wing towards the costa remaining of the pale ground- 
 colour ; on the fold before the middle is a short black line surrounded 
 by the pale ground-colour, and a similar ocellated mark lies midway 
 between this and the apex of the wing ; cilia grey. Posterior wings 
 grey, with paler cilia. 
 
 Common in July on the stems of willows and poplars; the 
 larva (according to Lienig) in May between united poplar leaves. 
 
 2. pinicolella (Zell.), Dup. L. F. xi. 579. pi. 310. f. 13 (1838); 
 Zell. ; Sta. Alis anticis ochreis, squamis sparsis fuscis, costa fusca 
 prrecipue apicem versus, puueto prope angulum analem fusco. Exp. 
 al. 5-6 lin. 
 
 Head pale ochreous, tinged with bronze. Face whitish. Palpi 
 whitish, terminal joint fuscous. Antenna; pale fuscous, with darker 
 annulations. Anterior wings ochreous, with scattered fuscous scales ; 
 the costa dark fuscous, especially towards the apex; near the anal 
 angle is a small fuscous spot ; cilia dark fuscous. Posterior wings pale 
 grey, with paler cilia. 
 
 Among fir-trees in June and July ; has occurred at West Wick- 
 ham, at Dartford Heath, and at Weybridgc. 
 
 Genus V. OINOPHILA. 
 
 Oinophila, Step. Ent. Trans. V. proc. xli. (1818). Gracillaria p., 
 
 Haw. ; Step. 
 Capilli in fronte hirsuli, supemc hxvigati, epistomio kevigato. Ocelli 
 
232 ELACHISTin.E. 
 
 nulli. Palpi labiales breviusculi, subporrecti, articulo secundo setis 
 panels instructo, articulo tertio subacuto. Haustelluin breve. An- 
 tennae alas anteriores longitudine fere aequantes, tenues. Tibiae 
 posticae valde pilosae. Ahc longe ciliatao, anteriores angustto, sub- 
 caudata, posteriores lanceolatae. Anteriores : vena subcostalis basim 
 versus obsoleta, cellula discoidalis iraperfecte clausa, venas quatuor 
 in costam mittit, unam in margincni posticum, subdorsalis simplex ; 
 posteriores : venae subcostalis et subdorsalis basim versus indicate, 
 rami obsoleti. 
 
 Head hairy in front ; the top of the head and the face smooth. 
 Ocelli none. Labial palpi rather short, slightly porrcctcd ; the second 
 joint provided with a few bristles; the terminal joint almost acute. 
 Tongue short. Antennae slender, nearly as long as the anterior wings. 
 Hinder tibia; very hairy. Wings with long cilia, the anterior narrow, 
 siiicaudale, the posterior lanceolate. In the anterior wings the sub- 
 costal vein is obsolete towards the base, the imperfectly closed discoidal 
 cell sends four veins to the costa, one to the hinder margin ; the sub- 
 dorsal vein is simple ; in the posterior wings there are indications of 
 the subcostal and subdorsal veins towards the base, but their branches 
 arc obsolete. 
 
 Only one species of this genus is known; it inhabits wine- 
 vaults and wine-cellars. The larva has been reputed to feed on 
 the fungus which grows in wine-vaults, and also on the corks in 
 the bottles ; but further investigations are still wanted fully to 
 elucidate the natural history of this singular insect. 
 
 1. V-flava, Haw. L. B. 530 (1829); Step. Alis anticis fuscis, 
 fascia angulata in medio, angulo ipso apicem versus producto, maculis 
 posticis oppositis saepc in fasciam conjunctis, flavidis. Exp. al. 4-5 lin. 
 
 Head fuscous; the frontal tuft dirty-ochreous. Face and palpi 
 whitish. Antennae fuscous. Anterior wings fuscous, with an angu- 
 lated yellow fascia in the middle, the angulation being .towards the 
 apex of the wing and somewhat produced ; on the costa towards the 
 apex is a yellow spot, and a smaller one on the inner margin rather 
 anterior is sometimes united to it, forming a fascia ; cilia grey, with 
 some yellow scales immediately below the apex of the wing. Posterior 
 wings pale grey, with yellowish-grey cilia. 
 
 Occurs in wine-vaults and wine-cellars in July and August. 
 
 Genus VI. CHAULIODUS. 
 
 Chauliodus, Trcit. E. S. ix. 2. 31 (1833); Dup. Lophonotus, Step. 
 
 Elachista p., Zell. Epermenia, Calotripis p., ct Trichotripis p., Hub. 
 Capilli lacves, frons obtusa. Antenna; abdominc longiorcs, setaceac, 
 
 articidis breviusculis (basali brevi) confertls, breviler pilosis. Palpi 
 
CHAUMODUS. 233 
 
 labiales mediocres, erassiusculi, recurvi, articulo secundo subclavato, 
 terminali multo breviore, subacuto. Haustellum breve, nudum. Aloe 
 longe ciliate, antcriorcs elongate, in do/so squamato-denlalee, pos- 
 teriorcs lanceolate ; anteriores : cellula secundaria indicata ; vena 
 apicalis furcata supra et infra apicem exit, infra earn rami quinque ; 
 submediana simplex ; vena subdorsalis brevis, furca subobsoleta ; pos- 
 teriores : cellula costalis valde angustata : cellula mediana clausa in 
 costam unieam, in margincm posticum quinquc venas emittit, inter se 
 non connexas. 
 
 Head smooth ; the forehead obtuse. Antennae longer than the ab- 
 domen, setaceous, with rather short, closely set joints (the basal joint 
 short), with short hairs. Labial palpi of moderate length, rather thick, 
 recurved ; the second joint subclavate ; the terminal joint much shorter, 
 rather acute. Tongue short and naked. Wings with long cilia, the 
 anterior elongate, with tooth-like projections of scales on the inner margin, 
 the posterior lanceolate. In the anterior wings the secondary cell is 
 indicated ; the furcate apical vein terminates above and below the apex, 
 below it are five veins ; the submedian vein is simple ; the subdorsal 
 short, with a rather obsolete fork ; in the posterior wings the costal 
 cell is extremely narrow, the closed median call emits one vein to the 
 costa and five separate veins to the hinder margin. 
 
 Of this genus we have three species ; several others are known 
 to occur oti the continent. (One of our species, insecureUus, shows 
 a slight discrepancy in the neuration of the wings; the apical 
 vein of the anterior wings being simple, and below it are six 
 veins ; the apex of the submedian is also thickened.) Little is 
 known of the habits of any of the species except Charophyllellm ; 
 this is double -brooded, the larva feeding at the end of June and 
 beginning of July, and in September, on several species of Um- 
 belliferee ; they generally occur in companies of rarely less than 
 ten on a plant, sometimes as many as fifty ; when very young the 
 larvae mine the leaves, but when more fully grown they come 
 from within the cuticles, and devour the lower half of the leaf, 
 the upper portion consequently becomes discoloured and turns 
 brown. The larvse spin a number of small threads about the plant 
 on which they feed, and these threads are covered with a glutinons 
 secretion which collects in minute globules, reminding one, as De 
 Geer expressed it, of a spider's web in a fog. When the larva is 
 full-fed it spins an open network cocoon and changes therein to a 
 pupa. The perfect insect appears towards the end of July and 
 beginning of August, and in October; the latter brood is far the 
 most numerous, but the specimens arc more retired in habit, 
 and are rarely met with till the spring, after hybernation, and of 
 course in wasted condition. The perfect insects of the summer 
 brood may sometimes be met with Hying on calm evenings, with 
 
 VOL. III. 2 II 
 
234 ELACHTSTIDJ!. 
 
 a rather wavy flight. Of the other species of the genus we are 
 not aware of more than one brood, though by analogy a hyber- 
 nating autumnal brood is extremely probable. The larva of Illi- 
 gerellus (according to Fischer's observations in Treitschke) differs 
 considerably in habit, feeding singly on JEgopodium Podagraria 
 between several leaves drawn together. 
 
 1. insecurellus, Sta. Cat. p. 34 (\M9).—Illigerellus, Sta. Zool. 
 1848. Alis anticis obscure albidis, postice fusco ct ustulato snffusis 
 fascia in medio uslulata, prope costam fusca, maculis dunbus dorsi, una 
 disci, una costa? albidis, macula disci puucto nigro applicata, fasciculis 
 tribua nigro-squamatis e dorso prominulis. Exp. al. 4-J- lin. 
 
 Head and face dirty-grey. Palpi grey. Antenna; fuscous. Anterior 
 wings dirty-whitish, with a tawny fascia in the middle, darkest on the 
 costa ; beyond which the wing is much suffused with tawny and fus- 
 cous, leaving only two spots on the inner margin, one on the disc and 
 one on the costa of the whitish ground-colour ; immediately below the 
 spot on the disc is a black dot ; the basal portion of the wing is much 
 suffused with grey, and two or three darker spots arc sometimes con- 
 spicuous ; three tufts of black scales project from the inner margin ; 
 cilia greyish-tawny. Posterior wings grey, with paler cilia. 
 
 Has occurred sparingly on the downs beyond Croydon (at 
 Stoat's-nest), at the end of July and beginning of August. 
 
 2. Illigerellus, Hub. Tin. 333 (1816); Treit. ; Dup. L. P. xi. 
 pi. 294. f. l.—falciformis, Haw.; Step.; Curt. Alis anticis dilute 
 ochreis, fusco irregulariter varicgatis, striga obliqua prope basim a dorso 
 fere ad costam, striga fascirrformi ante medium ante costam curvata ct 
 ramulum in unguium analem emittenle, apiceque fuscis, punctis duobus 
 nigris in disco, fasciculis duobus nigro-squamatis e dorso prominulis. 
 Exp. al. 6 lin. 
 
 Head and face ochreous. Palpi ochrcous ; the third joint with a 
 broad fuscous ring. Antenna; greyish-fuscous. Anterior wings pale 
 ochreous, irregularly varied with fuscous ; a dark streak extends obliquely 
 from the inner margin near the base more than half across towards the 
 costa ; before the middle is a fuscous fasciaform streak curved and ex- 
 panded on the costa, and emitting a branch to the anal angle ; there is 
 also a fuscous blotch on the apex of the wing ; on the disc arc two 
 black spots, one before, the other beyond the middle ; from the inner 
 margin project two tufts of black scales ; cilia fuscous, varied with 
 ochreous, and having a decidedly falcate appearance. Posterior wings 
 fuscous, with paler cilia. 
 
 Appears in July; the larva feeding (according to Fischer) on 
 JEgopodium, Podagraria in May. lias occurred in several locali- 
 ties near Hastings, Brighton, in the Cambridgeshire fens, etc. 
 
 3. Chserophyllellus, Gtoeze, E. B. iii. 4. 169. 292 (1783).— tes- 
 taceella, Iliib. ; Zell. ; Dup.— fasciculellus, Step. pi. 39. f. 1. Alis an- 
 
LAVEHNA. 235 
 
 ticis saturate fuscis, ochrco-variegatis, squainis sparsis albis, macula 
 prope costam ante apicem albida (vol alis anticis usque ad medium al- 
 bidis, fascia lata fusca pone medium, macula costic ante apicem albida), 
 f'asciculis tribus ustulatis seu fuscis e dorso prominulis. Exp. al. 6 lin. 
 
 Head and face dark grey. Palpi grey ; the end of the third joint 
 oehreous. Antennas dark fuscous. Anterior wings dark fuscous, varied 
 with oehreous, with scattered white scales; near thecosta before the apex 
 is a conspicuous whitish spot (or anterior wings with the basal half 
 entirely whitish or dirty-yellowish, beyond which is a broad fuscous 
 fascia, followed by tawny towards the costa, the white spot before the 
 apex occurring as in the dark variety) ; from the inner margin project 
 three tufts of tawny or fuscous scales ; cilia dark fuscous, with a light 
 spot below the apex. Posterior wings grey, with paler cilia. 
 
 Appears in July and August, and October, liybernated spe- 
 cimens occurring in spring; it frequents Umbellifcrce among 
 hedges. The larva feeds at the end of June and beginning of 
 September on various UmbeUifcrce ; I have found it on Antkriscus 
 si/lvestris, TorUis Aul/iriscus, Sison Amomum, lleracleum Sp/wn- 
 (lylium, and Angelica sylvestris. 
 
 Genus VII. LAVERNA. 
 
 Laverna p., Curt. B. E. fo. 735 (1839). Elachista p., Zell. ; Dup. 
 Capilli lsevcs, frons obtusa. Antenna; abdominc longiorcs, setacea;, ar- 
 ticulo basali elongato, clavato, crnssiusculiB. Palpi labiales medio- 
 cres, recurvi, articulo secundo apicem versus laxe squamato, subcla- 
 vato, tertio breviore acuto. Ilaustellum mediocre, parcc squamatum. 
 Ala3 longissime ciliatse, anteriores tul/erculato-sgtiamata, tuberculis 
 non metallicis, dorso non dentato ; posteriores lineari-lanceolatie. 
 Head smooth ; the forehead obtuse. Antenna; longer than the ab- 
 domen, setaceous, rather thick, with the basal joint elongate, clavate. 
 Labial palpi moderately long, recurved ; the second joint subclavate, 
 towards the. apex loosely scaled ; the third joint shorter, acute. Tongue 
 of moderate length, sparingly scaled. Wings with very long cilia, the 
 anterior with tufts of scales, the tufts not metallic, the inner margin 
 without projecting tufts ; the posterior wings linear-lanceolate. 
 
 The limits of this and several of the following genera arc by no 
 means satisfactorily settled. The present genus admits of being 
 readily divided into three groups. 
 
 a. Anterior wings with a distinct pale costal spot ; the furcate apical 
 vein runs into the costa before the apex ; below it Jive veins proceed 
 to the hinder margin ; the subdorsal vein furcate at each end, the 
 basal fork long, the apical fork shorter. This singular appearance 
 no doubt arises from the thickened apex of the submedian vein be- 
 
236 ELACHISTIDJE. 
 
 coming confluent with the subdorsal. In the posterior wings five 
 veins proceed from the discoidal cell to the hinder margin, one to 
 the costa. Species 1-4. 
 
 (In species 4, Slephensi, the second joint of the palpi can scarcely 
 
 be called loosely scaled.) 
 
 B. The pale costal spot of the anterior wings obsolete; the tufts of 
 
 scales extremely small ; the apex of the subdorsal vein simple, the 
 
 thickened apex of the submedian not connected with it. Species 
 
 5-9. 
 
 (In species 6, ochraceella, the apex of the subdorsal vein is fur- 
 cate, as in section a. I place species 7, Pkragmilelln, here, though 
 I had previously made a distinct genus of it, Limnacia: it accords 
 well with ochraceella, only exaggerating the peculiarities from its 
 larger size.) 
 c. The anterior wings with no pale costal spot ; below the furcate api- 
 cal vein three veins run into the hinder margin ; the subdorsal vein 
 only furcate at the base ; the submedian not thickened. Sp. 10, 11. 
 Many of the species of this genus are very beautiful, the an- 
 terior wings being frequently of varied colours, ami the tufts on 
 them give them, when seen at rest, a singular appearance ; the per- 
 fect insects are rather sluggish, and some are consequently rarely 
 met with ; some which only appear towards the end of the summer, 
 such as Epilobiella, are more frequently met with in the spring 
 after hybernation. Most of the species have probably only one 
 brood, but Staintoni is double-brooded. The few known larva; 
 are cither leaf-miners, or feed in the terminal shoots of plants. 
 
 1. propinquella, Sta. Sup. Cat. p. 8 (1851); Alis anticis 
 ca;ruleo-fuscis, ochraceo marmoratis, macula dorsi basali fere costam 
 tangente, fasciaqae obliqua postica interrupta albis, maculis tuberculatis 
 nigris, tribus plicse, tribus disci ; capite cum fronte albo, palpis albis, 
 articuli tertii annulo ante apicem fusco. Exp. al. 6 lin. 
 
 Head and face white. Palpi white, the terminal joint with a fuscous 
 ring before the apex. Antennas fuscous. Anterior wings bluish-fus- 
 cous, marbled with ochreous ; a large basal spot which is expanded on 
 the inner margin and almost touches the costa, and an interrupted oblique 
 hinder fascia, are white; a slender white streak arises in the middle of 
 the costa, and after passing under a round black spot on the disc, runs 
 into the white fascia, which is interrupted in its middle by a grey and 
 a tawny spot ; three tufts of black scales lie on the fold, and three 
 others above them ; cilia tawny fuscous. Posterior wings fuscous, with 
 paler cilia. 
 
 Has occurred in various localities at Deal, Fulham, near Bristol, 
 in the south of Scotland, and in the Cambridgeshire fens in July ; 
 but nowhere common. 
 
 2. lacteella, Step. H. iv. 210 (1834).— gibbiferella, Zell. ; Lienig. 
 
LAVERNA. 237 
 
 Alia anticis cajruleo-fuscis, ochraceo-marmoratis, macula dorsi basali, 
 maculis opposite ante apicem dilute ochraceis, albidisve, maculis tuber- 
 culatia nigris, tribus plicas, tribus disci; capite cum fronte dilute 
 ochreo, palpis dilute ochreis, articuli tertii annuhs duobus fuscis. Exp. 
 ill. 5 lin. 
 
 Head and face pale ocJireous. Palpi pale ockreous, the last joint 
 with two fuscous rings. Antenna; fuscous. Anterior wings bluish- 
 fuscous, tinged with oclireous towards the inner margin, with a large 
 spot on the inner margin at the base, and two opposite spots towards 
 the apex, pale ochreous or whitish ; near the middle of the costa are a 
 few whitish scales, and others arc scattered over the disc and towards 
 the apex ; three tufts of black scales lie along the fold and three others 
 above them ; cilia greyish-fuscous. Posterior wings fuscous, with paler 
 cilia. 
 
 Occurs in various localities in June and July, more commonly 
 than the preceding ; I have fancied it was attached to the sallow. 
 
 3. Staintoni, Sircom, Zool. 1848. p. 2038.— miscella, W. V.?; 
 Iliib. Tin. 273 ? Alis anticis griseis, ustulato varicgatis, maculis duabus 
 prope costam luleis, prima in medio, secunda ante apicem, maculis dua- 
 bus propc dorsum tuberculatis, atris; capite griseo, fronte argenteo- 
 grisea, palpis griseis. Exp. al. 3-4i lin. 
 
 Head grey. Eace silvery grey. Palpi grey. Antennae grey. An- 
 terior wings grey, varied with tawny, with two yellowish spots towards 
 the costa, one in the middle, the other near the apex, and with two tufts 
 of black scales near the inner margin ; cilia grey. Posterior wings grey, 
 with paler cilia. 
 
 Common on many of the chalk downs of the south of England, 
 among Helianthemum vulgare in May and June, and I believe 
 again in August. The fat rather short larva mines the leaves of 
 the Helianthemum in March and April, moving successively from 
 leaf to leaf as it finds occasion, and quitting the leaf before chang- 
 ing to the pupa state. I imagine there is a second brood of the 
 larva in July. 
 
 4. Stephens!, Sta. Cat. p. 24 (1849). Alis anticis albis, maculis 
 tribus costae griseis, prima basali oblonga, secunda' pone medium, tevtia 
 apicali, secunda tertiaque stria ustulata connexis, maculis duabus prope 
 dorsum tuberculatis atris ; capite cum fronte alio, palpis albis, articuli 
 secundi apice, articuli tertii annulo ante apicem nigris. Exp. al. 4 lin. 
 
 Head and face white. Palpi white ; the end of the second joint, and 
 a ring before the apex of the terminal joint, black. Antenna; fuscous, 
 annulated with white. Anterior wings white, with three grey blotches 
 along the costa, the first reaching nearly to the middle, the second 
 lying beyond the middle, and the third in the apex ; the second and 
 third are united by a tawny streak on the disc ; near the inner margin 
 are two tufts of black scales, the first before the middle, the second 
 
238 elaciiistid.*:. 
 
 towards the anal angle ; cilia grey. Posterior wings pale grey, with 
 paler cilia. 
 
 A few specimens of this pretty species were taken by Mr. 
 Bouchard in llainault Forest, among old hawthorn-bushes, in 
 August. 
 
 5. Epilobiella, Schr. P. B. ii. 126. 1853 (1802); Bouche; 
 Treit.; F. v. E. pi. 73. pi. 74. f. 1.; W. V.? Dup. ?— fulvescens, 
 Haw. ; Step. — ueiulella, Step. Alis anticis dilute ochreis, fusco-uebu- 
 losis, praecipue sub costam et apiccm versus, maculis posticis oppositis 
 dilutioribus, maculis duabus tuberculatis fuscis, prima dorsi ante, 
 secunda plicae pone medium. Exp. al. 5& lin. 
 
 Head and face ochreous. Palpi oclircous, the terminal joint with 
 two fuscous rings. Antennas fuscous. Anterior wings pale ochreous, 
 clouded with fuscous, especially along the costa and towards the apex, 
 with an appearance of two paler opposite spots before the apex, and 
 with two tufts of fuscous scales, the first near the inner margin before 
 the middle, the second in the fold beyond the middle ; cilia greyish- 
 ochrcous. Posterior wings grey, with paler cilia. 
 
 Appears in August among Epilobium Airsutum, but more fre- 
 quently met with after hybernation in May. The larva is abun- 
 dant in the tops of the Epilobium in June and July, screwing up 
 the unexpanded flower- and leaf-buds. 
 
 G. ochraceella, Curt. B. E. fo. 735 (1839).— clandestinella, 
 Schr. ? Alis anticis amjuslulis dilute luleis, saturate luteo valde suffusis. 
 Exp. al. 7 lin. 
 
 Head, face, and palpi pale yellow. Antennas pale yellow, witli pale 
 fuscous annulations. Anterior wings rather narrow, pale yellow, much 
 suffused with dark yellow, so that the pale colour appears on the darker 
 ground as indistinct spots, of which two are on the inner margin and 
 one near the costa, before the middle, and two smaller ones are towards 
 the costa beyond the middle ; cilia yellowish. Posterior wings pale 
 whitish-grey, with very pale ochreous cilia. 
 
 This beautiful insect had been taken in several localities in 
 June, in moist places, but was considered a rarity, till last sum- 
 mer Mr. Charles Jordan was so fortunate as to discover the larva 
 in May, mining the leaves of the Epilobium hirsulum ; and on our 
 ascertaining, from breeding a specimen, the value of the newly 
 found larva), we were enabled to collect a considerable number of 
 the pupae, on the leaves of the Epilobium, in their elongate, rather 
 firm, pale buff cocoons. 
 
 7. Phragmitella (Bentley), Sta. Sup. Cat. p. 4 (1851). Alis 
 anticis dilute ochreis, stria disci postica fusca, in tpta puncta dua sa- 
 turate fluea, albo-cincta. Exp. al. 'Jl lin. 
 
 Head, face, and palpi pale ochreous. Antenna; pale ochreous, an- 
 
LAVERNA. 239 
 
 nulated with fuscous. Anterior wings pale ochreous, with a fuscous 
 streak on the disc posteriorly, in which are two dark fuscous spots en- 
 circled with white, one in the middle and the other beyond the middle ; 
 cilia pale greyish-ochreous. Posterior wings pale grey, with paler cilia. 
 Two specimens, in rather wasted condition, have been taken in 
 marshy places in July; one is in Mr. Shepherd's, the other in 
 Mr. Stevens' collection. 
 
 8. decorella, Step. II. iv. 213 (1834). Alis anticis fuscis, dorso 
 late usque pone medium, fasciaquc obliqua postica albis, macula majore 
 ante, minore post fasciam ochreo-brunneis. Exp. al. 5 * lin. 
 
 Head grey. Face white. Palpi white, the last joint with a ring, 
 and the apex fuscous. Antenna? fuscous. Anterior wings fuscous, 
 witli the inner margin broadly white to beyond the middle, and with 
 an oblique white fascia before the apex ; a tawny blotch lies on the disc 
 before the fascia, and beyond the fascia is a smaller tawny blotch ; cilia 
 grey. Posterior wings fuscous, with paler cilia. 
 
 Occurs in many localities at the end of autumn, hybernated 
 specimens occurring in the spring ; like some other hybernating 
 species, it is not unfrequently found in houses and out-houses. 
 
 9. subbistrigella, Haw. L. B. 581 (1829). — sturnipennella, 
 Treit. ; Zell. Alis anticis fuscis, macula obsoleta diluliore dorsi prope 
 basim, macula triangulari albida ante medium dorsi, costani tangente, 
 fascia postica obliqua alba subintcrrupta. Exp. al. 51 lin. 
 
 Head grey. Face white. Palpi white, the last joint with a ring, 
 and the tip fuscous. Antcnnaj fuscous. Anterior wings fuscous, with 
 an obscure paler spot on the inner margin near the base, a large triangu- 
 lar whitish spot on the inner margin before the middle reaching to the 
 costa, and beyond the middle with an oblique white fascia, almost in- 
 terrupted ; cilia greyish-fuscous. Posterior wings fuscous, with paler 
 cilia. 
 
 I met with this among sallows, at Chudleigh, in June ; it has 
 also occurred in other localities, but having been reputed a variety 
 of decorella, its habits have been little noticed. 
 
 10. atra, Haw. L. B. 553 (1829); Step.; Curt.— Hellerella, 
 Dup. L. F. xi. p. 293. f. 11.— putripennella, Zell. Alis anticis nigris, 
 dorso sinuate albo, fascia alba postica, ramos cmittcnte, uuum antice, 
 duos posticc, apicem nigrum in maculas tres dividentes, maculis dnabus 
 tuberculatis atris, prima plica; in medio, altera supra angulum analem 
 (alis anticis s;cpc oinnino nigris). Exp. al. 6 lin. 
 
 Head and face white, with a few grey scales. Palpi white, the end 
 of the second joint, and a ring before the- apex of the terminal joint, 
 fuscous. Antenna: fuscous, with paler annulations. Anterior wings 
 black, the inner margin white to beyond the middle, where an irregular 
 oblique white fascia proceeds towards tho apex ; the black forming a 
 blotch along the costa, very narrow at the base, but expanding towards 
 
240 
 
 ELACHISTID.1E. 
 
 the middle, where it nearly reaches the inner margin (towards the inner 
 margin it is much tinged with tawny) ; it is indented by a short white 
 streak from the oblique hinder fascia ; the black apical portion of the 
 wing is divided into three nearly equal portions by two branches from 
 the white fascia ; there are two tufts of black scales, one on the fold 
 near the middle, the other above the anal angle ; cilia grey. (In some 
 specimens the anterior wings are almost entirely suffused with black, 
 and the head, face, and palpi are also darker.) Posterior wings grey, 
 with paler cilia. 
 
 Not scarce in June among white-thorn ; the dark variety ap- 
 pears exclusively attached to the apple, it is possible it may be a 
 distinct species. 
 
 11. Rhamniella, Zell. Isis, 1839. p. 2\\.—lophyrella, Dougl. 
 Zool. 18-16. p. 1270. f. 9. Alis anticis fuscis, ochreo-variegatis, 
 maculis quatuor tuberculatis nigris, prima plicne prope basim, sccunda 
 coste ante medium, tcrtia dorsi medii, quarts supra angulum analem. 
 Exp. al. 5.} lin. 
 
 Head and face grey. Palpi grey, terminal joint fuscous. Antenme 
 fuscous, annulated with whitish. Anterior wings fuscous, mixed with 
 ochreous, with four tufts of black scales, one in the fold near the base, 
 the second on the costa before the middle, the third in the middle of 
 the inner margin, and the fourth above the anal angle ; cilia grey. Pos- 
 terior wings grey, with paler cilia. 
 
 Hitherto scarce; lias occurred at Sanderstead and Box Hill, 
 among buckthorn, m July. 
 
 Genus VIII. CHRYSOCLISTA. 
 
 (Ecophora p., Lat. G. C. and I. iv. 222. 1804. Glypliipteryx p., 
 Curt. ; Step. Tinea p., Haw. Elachista p., Zell. ; Dup. 
 
 Capilli kevigati, frons obtusa. Antennae setacerc, corporis fere longi- 
 tudine, articulo basali longiusculo, clavato. Palpi labiales mediocres, 
 recurvi, graciles, articulo secundo eomprcsso, tertio tenuiore acuto. 
 Haustellum mediocre, squamatum. Aire longissime ciliate, anteriores 
 elongate, tuberculli metalliois ornate, posteriores lanceolate, angulo 
 anali distincto ; anteriores : cellula discoidalis poslice dilatala, imper- 
 fecte clausa, cellula secundaria iudicala ; vena apicalis bifida, infra 
 earn vena; quatuor; subdorsalis in basi anguste furcata, in apice 
 subbifida ; submediana simplex ; posteriores : vena mediana trifida ; 
 vena discoidalis ramos duos in marginem posticum mittit ; vena 
 apicalis simplex. 
 Head smooth, the forehead obtuse. Antenna; setaceous, almost the 
 
 length of the body, the basal joint rather long, clavate. Labial palpi 
 
 of moderate length, recurved, slender, the second joint compressed, 
 
^ 
 
 CIIRYSOCLISTA. 241 
 
 the terminal joint thinner, acute. Tongue of moderate length, clothed 
 with scales. Wings with very long cilia, the anterior elongate, adorned 
 with metallic tufts, the posterior lanceolate, with a distinct anal angle. 
 In the anterior wings the discoidal cell is posteriori!/ dilated, imper- 
 fectly closed; the secondary cell is indicated; the apical vein is fur- 
 cate, and below it are four veins ; the subdorsal has a narrow fork at 
 the base, and at its apex, has rather a tendency to become furcate ; the 
 submedian is not thickened ; in the posterior wings the median vein is 
 trifid, the discoidal vein sends two branches to the hinder margin, the 
 apical vein is simple. 
 
 The species of this genus do not exhibit an entire accordance : 
 in Linneella the apex of the subdorsal vein of the anterior wings 
 is quite simple; Schrankella has no anal angle to the posterior 
 wings, and in this, as also in flavicapnt, the apical vein of the 
 posterior wings is connected with the discoidal. Flaviaaput is 
 besides destitute of the metallic tufts of the anterior wings. 
 
 The perfect insect of Linneella is rarely seen on the wing, 
 generally resting on the trunks of lime-trees; jlameaput flies 
 freely in the afternoon along hawthorn hedges. The larva of 
 Linneella feeds on the inner bark of the lime during the winter 
 and spring (as observed by Mr. Boyd and Mr. Wing last year) ; 
 it has the third and fourth segments somewhat enlarged. The 
 larva of Schrankella, discovered by Mr. Scott, mines the leaves of 
 the Epilvbinm alsinefolium in May. 
 
 The species may be tabulated as follows : — 
 
 a. Anterior wings orange and black. 
 
 6. Posterior wings with distinct anal angle. Species 1, 2. 
 
 It b. Posterior wings with no anal angle. Species 3. 
 a a. Anterior wings entirely black. Species 4. 
 
 1. Linneella, Clerck, I. pi. xii. f. 8 (1759) ; Linn, j Fab. ; Lat. ; 
 Curt. B. E. fo. 152 ; Step. ; Dup. ; F. v. K. pi. 88. f. %.—Linnmella, ZeM. 
 Mis anticis saturate aurantiis, basi, costa, dorsoque angustc, apice late 
 nigris, punctis tribus tuberculatis argenteo-nigris, primo subdorsal! ante 
 medium, sccundo in medio subcostali, tertio plica supra angulura ana- 
 lem. Exp. al. 5J lin. 
 
 Head and face shining black. Palpi whitish, the terminal joint 
 black. Antennrc black, with white tips. Anterior wings deep orange, 
 with the base, costa, and inner margin narrowly black, and the apex 
 broadly black, thus leaving a longish elliptic patch of the ground- 
 colour, into which a short black dash runs from the base above the 
 fold ; along the costa and at the apex are numerous silvery scales ; 
 there are three round tufts of black and silvery scales, the first near 
 the inner margin before the middle, the second near the costa in the 
 middle, the third in the fold towards the anal angle; cilia blackish. 
 
 vol. m. 2 I 
 
r 
 
 242 elachistidjE. 
 
 Posterior wings blackish-puvple, with blackish cilia. (A variety occurs 
 with the orange of the anterior wings replaced by fuscous.) 
 
 Abundant in July and August, on the trunks of limes in St. 
 James's Park, and in many of the suburbs of London ; the larva 
 feeds under the bark of the lime, during the winter and spring. 
 Specimens of the fuscous variety are in Mr. Shepherd's collection. 
 
 2. bimaculella, Haw. L. B. 575 (1829); Step.; Sta. Alis 
 anticis nigris, macula oblonga prope basim supra plicam, macula 
 niajorc irrcgulari pone medium a plica ad costam fere extensa, apice suo 
 coitam tangente, aurantiis, macula secunda punctis duobus tuberculatis 
 argentco-nigris interne marginata, puncto tertio supra plicam prope 
 angulum analcm. Exp. al. 5-J lin. 
 
 Head and face shining black. Palpi whitish. Antenna; black, with 
 white tips. Anterior wings black, with an oblong orange spot near 
 the base, above the fold, and a larger irregular one beyond the middle, 
 extending from the fold to near the costa, Us apex running into the 
 costa ; on the margin of this spot, towards the base, arc two silvery- 
 black tufts, and a similar tuft above the fold projects into the orange 
 blotch in the middle of its length ; cilia blackish. Posterior wings 
 blackish-purple, with blackish cilia. 
 
 Mr. Dcsvigncs beat a specimen from a sallow at Black Park, 
 at the end of June ; Mr. Doubleday has also a specimen taken 
 near London. 
 
 3. Schrankella, Hub. Tin. 264. 1812; Sohr. P— locupletella, 
 F. v. R. pi. 88. f. 3; W. V.? Alis anticis aurantiis, basi apiceque 
 nigris, ipsa basi argentea, fascia obliqua ante medium argenteo-grisca, 
 macula nigra dorsi medii in maculam transversalem argenteo-griseam 
 exeunte, macula costa; media; argenteo-grisea, macula parva costali 
 ante apicem albida. Exp. al. 5-J- lin. 
 
 Head and face blackish. Palpi black. Antennae black, with white 
 tips. Anterior wings bright orange, with the base and apex black ; 
 the extreme base rather silvery ; the black at the base extends furthest 
 along the costa, and from it is a silvery-grey fascia, which runs 
 obliquely into a black spot on the middle of the inner margin, and 
 from the hinder end of this black spot a silvery-grey blotch proceeds 
 towards the costa ; on the costa about the middle is a silvery-grey 
 spot, and a small whitish spot immediately before the black apex; cilia 
 blackish. Posterior wings dark fuscous, with paler cilia. 
 
 Appears in July among Epilobium alsinefolium ; occurs near 
 Renfrew, and has been taken in Devonshire and Sussex. The 
 larva feeds in May, mining the leaves of the Epilobium. 
 
 4. flavicaput, Haw. L. B. 536 (1839); Step. — aurifrontella, 
 Hub. Tin. 469 ? Alis anticis nigris, tubcrculis duobus nigris, uno in 
 medio plicae, altero pone medium ; capite, apicibusque palporum Jlavis. 
 Exp. al. 6-7 lin. 
 
HELIOBINES. 243 
 
 Head and face bright yellow. Palpi at the base black, the tip bright 
 yellow. Anterior wings black, with a tuft of black scales in the middle 
 of the fold, and a smaller tuft on the disc beyond the middle ; cilia 
 black. Posterior wings dark grey, with paler cilia. 
 
 Common in June among hawthorn. 
 
 Genus IX. HELIODINES. 
 
 Heliodines, n. g. Chrysoesthia p., Hub. (Ecophora p., Treit. ; 
 ])up. Elachista p., Zell. 
 
 Capilli hcvigati, frons obtusa. Antenna; setacea;, corporis fere longi- 
 tudine, articulo basali brevi, clavato. Palpi labiales parvi, crassius- 
 culi, acuminati. Haustellum mediocre. Abdomen crass iitsculum, 
 breve. Alas longissime eiliata:, antcriorcs elongatac, melallice macu- 
 latrc, posteriores Uneari-lanceolata ; anteriores : cellula discoidalis 
 poslice dilatata, vix clausa ; cellula secundaria mdla ; vena apicalis 
 furcata, ramo altero in apicem, altero in raarginem posticum exeunte, 
 infra cam vense quatuor ; subdorsalis simplex ; submediana non in- 
 crassata ; posteriores : vena mediana trifida ; vena discoidalis sim- 
 plex; vena apicalis simplex. 
 
 Head smooth, the forehead obtuse. Antennas setaceous, almost as 
 long as the body, the basal joint short, clavate. Labial palpi small, 
 rather thick, acuminate. Tongue of moderate length. Abdomen rather 
 thick, short. Wings with very long cilia, the anterior elongate, ivith 
 metallic spots, the posterior linear-lanceolate. In the anterior wings 
 the discoidal cell is expanded posteriorly, and hardly closed ; there is 
 no secondary cell ; the furcate apical vein terminates in the apex and 
 in the hinder margin, below it are four veins ; the subdorsal is simple ; 
 the submedian not thickened ; in the posterior wings the median vein 
 is trifid, the discoidal vein is simple, and the apical vein is simple. 
 
 This genus only contains a single species, of which no speci- 
 mens have been taken in this country for probably the last thirty 
 years. According to the observations of Tischer and Heeger, the 
 larva; feed in June, rather gregariously, on Chenopodium, Atri- 
 plex, etc., drawing several leaves together by a number of silken 
 threads ; the perfect insect appears in J uly, and is frequently again 
 met with in May after hybernation. 
 
 It is hardly necessary to add that the Linnean habitat, "in 
 Mali foliis subcutanea," is founded on a misconception that De. 
 Geer's figure of a Lithocolletis, to which he refers, represents this 
 insect; subsequent authors have copied Linnrcus in indicating 
 apple as the food of the larva, without verifying his observation, 
 or noticing the evident cause of his error. 
 
244 ELA.CHISTID/E. 
 
 1. Roesella, Linn. E. S. 140G (1761); Fab.; Hub. Tin. 399, 
 400; Haw.; Treit. ; Step.; Dup. ; Heeger (Isis, 1848). Alis anticis 
 aurantiis, macula oblonga basali prope costam, fascia angulata ante 
 medium, niaculis tribus parvis costs;, una majore dorsi, argenteis, fascia 
 interne nigro-marginata, dorso costaque inter maculas nigro-squamatis. 
 Exp. al. 5 lin. 
 
 Head and face metallic, dark fuscous. Palpi whitish. Antenna? 
 dark fuscous, the extreme tips whitish. Anterior wings bright orange, 
 with an oblong silvery spot at the base near the costa, and with a 
 silvery slightly angulated fascia before the middle, internally margined 
 with black ; on the costa are three equidistant silvery spots, gradually 
 diminishing in size, and nearly opposite the second is a larger silvery 
 spot on the inner margin ; along the inner margin and costa, between 
 the spots, are some black scales ; cilia fuscous, preceded by a few silvery 
 scales. Posterior wings fuscous, with paler cilia. 
 
 Old specimens of this insect are in the collections of Mr. 
 Ingall, Mr. Allis, and the British Museum. 
 
 Genus X. ANYBIA. 
 
 Anybia, n. g. Elachistu p., Zell. 
 
 Capilli loeves, frons obtusa. Antenna; abdomine longiores, setaccse, 
 articulo basali elongato, clavato, crassiusculaj. Palpi labiales me- 
 diocrcs, recurvi, articulo secundo comprcsso, subclavato, tertio bre- 
 viore acuto. Haustellum mediocre. Alee longissinie oiliats, antc- 
 riores laves, dorso non dentato, posteriores lineari-lanceolatie ; 
 anteriores: vena apicalis furcata, infra earn venne quinque in mar- 
 ginem posticum exeuntcs ; vena subdorsalis in basi lou/je furcata, in 
 apice non longe distat ab apice submediaua; incrassato ; posteriores : 
 e cellula discoidali vena? quinque subobsoleta; in marginem posticum 
 exeunt, in costam una. 
 
 Head smooth, the forehead obtuse. Antenna; longer than the ab- 
 domen, setaceous, rather thick, the basal joint elongate, clavate. 
 Labial palpi of moderate length, recurved, the second joint com- 
 pressed, subclavate, the third joint shorter, pointed. Tongue of mo- 
 derate length. Wings with very long cilia, the anterior smooth, with 
 no projections from the inner margin ; the posterior linear-lanceolate. 
 In the anterior wings the apical vein is furcate, below it five veins run 
 into the hinder margin ; the subdorsal vein has a long fork towards the 
 base, its apex is not far distant from the thickened apex of the sub- 
 median vein ; in the posterior wings live rather obsolete veins proceed 
 from the discoidal cell to the hinder margin, one to the costa. 
 
 This genus at present only contains a single species, which 
 is extremely scarce in this country, and consequently we know 
 
nothing of its habits. Schliiger says of it, " The larva mines the 
 leaves of EpUoOium hirsutum, occurring at the same time as Epi- 
 lobiella. The perfect insect appears at the end of July and in 
 August : it is uncommonly abundant, since there are often from 
 thirty to forty larva; on one plant." 
 
 1. langiella, Hub. Tin. 187 (1801); Zell. ; SchlSger, Bericht. 
 1847; Treit. ? — niveipunctella, Sta. Alis anticis nitidis orichaleeis, 
 macula transversa supra plicam pone medium nivea. Exp. al. 4i lin. 
 
 Head bronze. Pace white. Palpi, the second joint white, the ter- 
 minal joint black. Antenna; dark fuscous. Anterior wings shining 
 bronze, with a transverse snow-white spot above the fold, beyond the 
 middle ; between this and the base are a few white scales in the fold, 
 and a few others be between it and the apex of the wing ; cilia bronzy- 
 grey. Posterior wings bronzy-grey, with grey cilia. 
 
 A specimen is in Mr. Shepherd's collection, and one in the col- 
 lection of the British Museum. 
 
 Genus XI. ASYCHNA. 
 
 Asyciina, n. g. Elachista p., Zell. 
 
 Capilli la:ves. Antenna; setacea;, articulo basali clongato, clavato. 
 Palpi labiales mediocrcs, curvi, articulo secundo compresso, tertio 
 breviorc acuto. Haustcllum mediocre, squamatum, Ala; longissime 
 ciliata;, anteriorcs wticolores, metallica:, angusta% posteriores lineari- 
 lanceolata;. Anteriorcs : vena apicalis furcata, supra ct infra apiccni 
 exit, infra cam vena; dure, cellula discoidalis postice dilatata ; sub- 
 dorsalis furcata, furca imperfecta ; subraediana non incrassata ; pos- 
 teriores : vena; medians rami tres, obsoleti, vena discoidalis simplex, 
 apicalis simplex. 
 
 Head smooth. Antenna; setaceous, the basal joint elongate, clavate. 
 Labial palpi of moderate length, curved, the second joint compressed, 
 the third joint shorter, acute. Tongue of moderate length, clothed 
 with scales. Wings with very long cilia, the anterior unicolorous, me- 
 tallic, narrow, the posterior linear-lanceolate. In the anterior wings 
 the furcate apical vein runs out above and below the apex, below it are 
 two veins ; the discoidal cell is dilated posteriorly, the subdorsal vein 
 is furcate, but the lower branch of the fork is abbreviated, the sub- 
 median is not thickened ; in the posterior wings the median vein has 
 three obsolete branches, the discoidal and apical veins are simple. 
 
 Of the four species I have placed in this genus, the first two 
 only really belong here, the other two showing several discre- 
 pancies ; I was unwilling to multiply the genera here to so great 
 an extent as the formation of separate genera for aratetta and 
 
246 ELACHISTIDjl!!. 
 
 terminella would have required. At some future period the dis- 
 covery of other species perfectly cigreeiug with them iu structure 
 would render the construction of independent genera necessary. 
 In aratella the palpi are short, thick, and drooping, the antenna? 
 short and thick, and in the anterior wings the discoidal cell is not 
 closed. In terminella the palpi are acute, filiform, ascending, the 
 antennas are rather thick, and the anterior wings are not unico- 
 lorous, but adorned with metallic spots. 
 
 None of the larvse of these species are known, and, excepting 
 modeslella, all the species are extremely rare. 
 
 1. modestella, Dup. L. P. xi. 347. pi. 299. f. 8 (1838); Sta. 
 — splendidella, Licnig. — serratella, Step. P Alis anticis dilute viridi- 
 seneis, unicoloribus ; posticis fusco-griscis, ochreo-ciliatis. Exp. al. 
 5—5 J lin. 
 
 Head and face dark bronzy-green. Palpi whitish, terminal joint 
 fuscous. Antennae fuscous, the tips whitish. Anterior wings unico- 
 lorous, pale bronzy-green, with greyish-yellow cilia. Posterior wings 
 greyish-fuscous, with ochreous cilia. 
 
 Common in May, in mixed hedges among oaks; frequently 
 found resting on the flowers of Stettaria holostea. 
 
 2. fuscociliella, Sta. Ent. Trans, i. n. s. 25 (1850). — ceratella, 
 Sta. Cat. Alis anticis viridi-ameis, unicoloribus ; posticis fusco-griseis, 
 fuscescenle-cilialis. Exp. al. 4>\ lin. 
 
 Head and face dark bronzy-green. Palpi whitish, the tip of the ter- 
 minal joint darker. Antenna: fuscous, the tips white. Anterior wings 
 unicolorous, bronzy-green ; cilia greenish-grey. Posterior wings greyish- 
 fuscous, with pale fuscous cilia. 
 
 Occurs near Bristol, on Durdham Downs, in May and June. 
 
 3. seratella, Zell. Isis, 1839. p. 212.—melallella, Step.? Alis 
 anticis saturate viridi-osneis, antennis fuscis, brevibus. Exp. al. 4 \ lin. 
 
 Head, face, and palpi dark bronzy -green. Antenna: dark fuscous, 
 little more than half the length of the anterior roings. Anterior wings 
 dark bronzy-green, somewhat iridescent ; cilia fuscous. Posterior wings 
 grey, with paler cilia. 
 
 Appears in June and July, among flowers on the borders of 
 corn-fields ; has occurred at Ripley and near Reigate. 
 
 4. terminella (Dale), Hump, and West. B. M. ii. 216 (pi. 113. 
 f. 11 ?) (1845). — palriciella, Sta. Alis anticis metallice brunneis, vel 
 saturate croccis, striga basali argentca per dorsum producta, deinde 
 costam versus reflexa, punctis tribus plica:, duobus disci argenteis, ma- 
 cula argenteo-alba costali ante apicem, squainis argenteis ad angulum 
 analem ; antennis brevibus, fuscis, apice albo. Exp. al. 4 lin. 
 
 Head dark bronze. Face silvery. Palpi whitish, terminal joint pale 
 fuscous. Antenna: short, dark fuscous, the tips white. Anterior wings 
 
cunYsocoRYS. 247 
 
 rich metallic brown, or very dark saffron, with a silvery mark at the 
 base, extending a short distance along the inner margin, and then 
 turning up towards the costa ; beyond are three silvery spots on the 
 fold and two on the disc ; a silvery white spot is on the costa before 
 the apex ; at the anal angle are also some silvery scales ; cilia fuscous. 
 Posterior wings fuscous, with paler cilia. 
 
 This beautiful species is a great rarity ; Mr. Dale met with it 
 in Dorsetshire, Mr. Weir in Sussex, and Mr. Allen Hill near 
 Bristol; it appears in June and July, in moist places among 
 alders. 
 
 Genus XII. CHRYSOCORYS. 
 
 Chrysocokys, Curt. Ent. Mag. i. 191 (1833); Id. B. E. ; Step. 
 
 Schreclcensteinia, Hub. V. Elachista p., Zell. 
 
 Capilli tevigati, frous convexn. Antennae abdomine vix longiores, se- 
 
 taceae, articulo basali brevi, crassiuscute. Palpi labiates mediocres, 
 
 subcurvi, tenues, acuti, articuli secundi apice pilis parum incrassato, 
 
 tertio longitudine subaequali. Haustellum mediocre, nudum. Ate 
 
 longe ciliatac, anteriores angusta?, costa subretusa, ante apicem con- 
 
 vexa, posteriores lanceolate. Anteriores : cellula discoidalis postice 
 
 dilatata, truncata ; vena apicalis simplex, infra earn venae sex in rnar- 
 
 gincm posticum ; subdorsalis simplex paulo post medium dorsi exit ; 
 
 submediana non incrassata ; posteriores : cellula costalis longissima, 
 
 angustissima, venae in dorsum sex, quarum tres e cellute termino. 
 
 Head smooth, the forehead convex. Antennae hardly longer than 
 
 the abdomen, setaceous, rather thick, with the basal joint short. 
 
 Tongue of moderate length, naked. Labial palpi moderately long, 
 
 rather curved, slender, pointed, the apex of the second joint slightly 
 
 thickened with hairs, the third joint nearly of equal length. Wings 
 
 with long cilia, the anterior narrow, the costa almost refuse, convex 
 
 before the apex; the posterior lanceolate. In the anterior wings the 
 
 discoidal cell is dilated posteriorly and truncate; the apical vein is 
 
 simple, below it are six veins to the hinder margin ; the subdorsal is 
 
 simple, terminating a little beyond the middle of the inner margin ; the 
 
 subinedian is not thickened ; in the posterior wings the costal cell is 
 
 very long and extremely narrow, six veins run into the hinder margin, 
 
 of which three from the end of the cell. 
 
 This genus only contains one species, which has a peculiar 
 jerking flight, as it were, hopping on the wing. Htibner has 
 figured a larva and pupa as of this species ; but though his figures 
 have been on several occasions copied, no subsequent writer has 
 verified his observations, and consequently it is hardly safe to 
 conclude that the larva and pupa are really as singular as he has 
 
248 ET.ACIIISTID/E. 
 
 represented them. The perfect insect appears rather attached to 
 brambles ; and if the bristly larva feeds under the leaves of the 
 bramble, as Hiibner has represented it, there should be no diffi- 
 culty in re-discovering it. 
 
 1. festaliella, Hiib. Tin. 449 (1822); Treit. ; Zell. ; Sta. ; 
 Dup. ? — scisscella, Haw. — scissella, Curt. B. E. fo. Gf>3. — angustipen- 
 nella, Step. — Montandonella, Dup. Alis auticis flavido-asneis, costa 
 fusca, linea a basi per plicam ct marginein posticum ducta, linea altera 
 disci ad apicem producta, in medio valdc incrnssata, saturate ftiscis. 
 Exp. al. 6 lin. 
 
 Head and face bronzy-green. Palpi and antennae fuscous. An- 
 terior wings bronzy yellowish-green, with the costa fuscous, a dark 
 fuscous line runs from the base along the fold and hinder margin, and 
 another dark fuscous line begins on the disc, not far from the base, 
 and is continued to the apex of the wing, in the middle of its length it 
 is much thickened ; cilia pale fuscous. Posterior wings greyish-fuscous, 
 with paler cilia. 
 
 Common in many places, in May and June, among brambles. 
 
 Genus XIII. ELACHISTA. 
 
 Elachista p., Treit. E. S. ix. 2. 177 (1833) ; Dup. ; Zell. Porrec- 
 tairia p. et Tinea p., Haw. Microsetia p., Jjrfielosetia p., et Amauro- 
 setia p., Step. 
 
 Capilli tevigati, frons obtusa. Antennas setacece, crassiuscula?, sub- 
 serratse, subcompressas, artieulo basali breviusculo, incrassato. Haus- 
 tcllum mediocre. Palpi labiates breviusculi vcl medioeres, subar- 
 cuati, artieulo seeundo nonniliil crassiore, tertio acuto. Alas longis- 
 simc ciliatas, anteriores posl.ice ciliis awpliata, posteriorcs lincari- 
 lanceolatas. Anteriores : cellula discoidalis acuminata, venas dims 
 vel Ires in costam, unam ex apice tri/idam vel bifidam, Ires vet dims 
 in marginein posticum mittit ; subdorsalis simplex ; submedianas 
 apex incrassatus ; posteriorcs : venas mediana et discoidalis dis- 
 tinctas. 
 
 Head smooth ; the forehead obtuse. Antennas setaceous, rather thick, 
 slightly serrate, and somewhat compressed ; the basal joint thickened 
 and rather short. Tongue of moderate length. Labial palpi rather short, 
 or of moderate length, slightly curved ; the second joint a little thicker; 
 the terminal joint acute. Wings with very long cilia, the anterior ap- 
 pearing from the cilia to he dilated posteriorly, the posterior linear- 
 lanceolate. In the anterior wings the acuminate diseoidal cell sends 
 two or three veins to the costa, a trijid or bifid vein from its apex, and 
 three or two veins to the hinder margin ; the subdorsal vein is simple ; 
 the apex of the submedian is thickened (in a few cases it is not thick- 
 
ELACHISTA. 2i9 
 
 ened) ; in the posterior wings the median and discoidal veins are dis- 
 tinct. 
 
 From the variation in the neuration of the anterior wings, as 
 above mentioned, it is extremely probable that, natural as this 
 genus at first sight appears, it may hereafter be capable of sub- 
 division. The perfect insects are not unfrequently met with in 
 little swarms, being actively on the wing during the afternoon or 
 evening ; when at rest they sit very closely appressed to the leaf, 
 blade of glass, or other substance on which they happen to repose, 
 and appear perfectly sluggish ; but the moment the collector in 
 attempting to catch the inert specimen agitates the foliage, or 
 breathes too roughly on its resting-place, quickly the antennae, 
 which had lain couchant by the side of the insect, start forward, 
 are briskly agitated, and the insect, now completely roused from 
 its seeming torpor, runs forward, spreads its wings, and is — gone. 
 " We think we have it, but yet we have it not." Most of the 
 species appear to be double -brooded, appearing in May and Au- 
 gust ; some, which we only meet with in June or July, have pro- 
 bably only a single brood in the year ; yet of the double-brooded 
 species the August brood seems far less numerous than the May 
 brood, which is no doubt owing to the perfect insects keeping 
 themselves more concealed, as we have observed to be the case in 
 other late-appearing species. 
 
 The fortunate discovery by Mr. Logan of the larva of one of 
 the species, has already led to the discovery of a considerable 
 number; no less than eighteen different larvae having been al- 
 ready distinguished, several of which have been reared. From 
 these we find that the habit of the larvae of this genus is to mine 
 in the leaves, and down the stems of grass; but there is consider- 
 able diversity in the mode of mining, some species remaining al- 
 ways at the top of the leaf, others descending down the stem to- 
 wards the root; in the mines of some species the leaf remains 
 flat, in others it has an inflated or puckered appearance. The 
 larvae of the May brood may be found throughout the winter and 
 early spring; the larvae of those species which do not appear in 
 the perfect state till June or July, may be met with in April and 
 May; the larvae of the August brood, feeding up at the end of 
 June, are less easily observed, from the general luxuriance of ve- 
 getation at the time. The larva when full-fed quits the mine 
 and changes to a naked, rather angulated pupa, on the stem or 
 leaf of grass, or some neighbouring plant ; a belt of silk is gene- 
 rally placed round the middle of the pupa, which is also attached 
 by its tail, but no outer covering of silk is made by any of the 
 
 vol. in. ' 2 K 
 
250 elachistidjE. 
 
 species we have yet observed, excepting E. nfocinerea, of which, 
 though the larva has not been found, the pupa has on several 
 occasions been met with and reared. 
 
 The species of this genus are extremely numerous, and forty 
 are already known as British, which may be arranged in the fol- 
 lowing table : — 
 a. Anterior wings dark brown or black, with sharp metallic fasciae and 
 
 spots. Species 1-5. 
 a a. Anterior wings dark brown or black, with a distinct pale fascia 
 
 and spots. Species 6-11. 
 a a a. Anterior wings grey or black, with an indistinct pale fascia and 
 
 spots, or with spots only. Species 12-21. 
 a a a a. Anterior wings dark fuscous or black, with a single distinct 
 
 white, whitish, or yellowish fasoia. 
 
 b. Head dark. Species 22-24. 
 
 b b. Head pale. Species 25-28. 
 a a a a a. Anterior wings white or grey, with a distinct dark spot on 
 
 the fold in the middle. Species 29-33. 
 a a a a a a. Anterior wings white, with a few distinct dark spots. 
 
 Species 34, 35. 
 a a a a a a a. Anterior wings white or whitish, irrorated with dark 
 
 atoms. Species 36-38. 
 aaaaaaaa. Anterior wings unicolorous. Species 39, 40. 
 
 1. Pfeifferella, Hub. Tin. 398 (1816); Step.; Zell. ; Sta.— 
 qnadr'ujuttella, Haw. Alis anticis nitidis aureo-brunncis, fascia angu- 
 lata ante medium, maculis duabus subopposilis triaugidaribus pone me- 
 dium nitidis aureis. Exp. al. 4 lin. 
 
 Head, face, and palpi golden-brown. Antennae fuscous. Anterior 
 wings glossy golden-brown, with a slender angulated bright golden 
 fascia before the middle, nearest to the base on the inner margin ; be- 
 yond the middle is a triangular golden spot on the inner margin, and 
 nearly opposite to it, but placed a Utile posteriorly, is a larger spot of 
 the same colour on the costa ; cilia golden-brown, at the extreme apex 
 grey. Posterior wings greyish-purple, with grey cilia. 
 
 Not uncommon in many localities in May; it seems rather 
 partial to a chalky soil, yet I have found it on clay. 
 
 2. Treitschkiella, F. v. K. 297.pl. 100. f. 4 (1843); Sta.; Dup.P 
 Alis anticis nitidis aureo-brunneis, fascia arcuata ante medium, macula 
 triangulari dorsali pone medium, macula triangulari costali posteriore, 
 nitidis aureis. Exp. al. 3 lin. 
 
 Head, face, and palpi golden-brown. Antennae fuscous (annulatcd 
 with whitish?). Anterior wings shining golden-brown, with a slender, 
 slightly curved, pale golden fascia before the middle, nearest the base 
 on the inner margin ; beyond the middle is a triangular pale golden 
 spot on the inner margin, and beyond it is a costal spot, nearly trian- 
 
ELACHISTA. 251 
 
 gular, of tlie same colour ; cilia golden-brown. Posterior wings grey- 
 ish-fuscous, with paler cilia. 
 
 The perfect insect appears in May, and was thought to fre- 
 quent the dog-wood. Two old specimens of this insect are in 
 Mr. Doublcday's collection. 
 
 3. Gleichenella, Fab. S. I. ii. 303. 81 (1781).— Glekhella, Fab. 
 E. S. ; Haw. ; Step. ; Sta. — trifasciella , Tcngstr. Alis antieis brunneo- 
 uigris, basi, fascia recta in medio, fascia angulata ante apicem nitidis, 
 aureis ; antennis fuscis. Exp. al. 3} lin. 
 
 Head, face, and palpi bronzy. Antenna; fuscous. Anterior wings 
 brown-black, the base bright golden, a bright golden, nearly straight 
 fascia in the middle, and a bright golden, angulated fascia before the 
 apex, composed, as it were, of two opposite spots united bg a third spot 
 beyond them on the disc; cilia fuscous. Posterior wings grey, with 
 paler cilia. 
 
 Not uncommon in June and July, flying over the short grass, 
 under (he shelter of furze-bushes, etc.; it occurs at Dartford 
 Heath, at Mickleham, and near Bristol. 
 
 4. Bruimichella, Linn. S. N. (12), 898. 448 (1767).— magni- 
 ficella, Zell. j Sta. Alis antieis aureo-brunneis, fascia cuprea prope ba- 
 sim, fascia recta in medio, macula transversa dorsi ad angulum analem, 
 macula posteriore costa obliqua, auratis ; auteunis fuscis, ante apicem 
 albis. Exp. al. 3-3 \ lin. 
 
 Head, face, and palpi bronzy-fuscous. Antenna; dark fuscous, with 
 a broad white ring before the apex. Anterior wings golden-brown, close 
 to the base is a coppery fascia ; in the middle is a straight golden fascia; 
 at the anal angle is a triangular golden spot reaching half across the 
 wing, and beyond it on the cosla is an oblique golden spot, pointing in- 
 wards, but not reaching the apex of the dorsal spot; cilia greyish- 
 brown. Posterior wings grey, with grey cilia. 
 
 This pretty species has been frequently taken by Mr. Douglas, 
 in the hilly field at Headley Lane, by sweeping ; it appears to be 
 double-brooded, having occurred in May and August. 
 
 5. magnificella, Tengstr. F. F.-F. 147 Q.Ml).—regi/icella, Sir- 
 com, Zool. 1849. App. xlii. Alis antieis aureo-brunneis, fascia recta 
 argentea prope basim, macula transversali nlrinque abbreviala in medio, 
 macula tenni transversa dorsi pone medium, macula transversa costre 
 posteriore, argentcis. Exp. al. 4 lin. 
 
 Head and face fuscous. Palpi whitish. Antennae fuscous. Ante- 
 rior wings golden-brown, with a silvery fascia near the base, a transverse 
 silvery spot in the middle, not reaching either margin ; at the anal angle 
 is a narrow silvery spot reaching half across the wing, and beyond it on 
 the costa is another silvery spot also reaching half across the wing ; 
 cilia fuscous. Posterior wings brown-grey, with paler cilia. 
 
252 ELACHISTID*. 
 
 Taken at the end of July and beginning of August, by Mr. 
 Sircoin and Mr. Vaughan, at Brislington, near Bristol. 
 
 6. apicipunctella, Sta. Cat. p. 26 (1849). Alis anticis nigris 
 fascia obliqua ante medium, maculisque duabus oppositis, cum terlia 
 apicali scepe connexis, argenteo-albis ( $ alis anticis atris, fascia macu- 
 lisque argenteis, basi etiam argentea) ; capite cum palpis argenteo- 
 albo. Exp. al. 4-4£ lin. 
 
 Head, iace, and palpi silvery-white. Antenna? fuscous, the tips 
 whitish. Anterior wings blackish, with an oblique silvery-white fascia 
 before the middle (nearest the base of the wing on the costa where it 
 is broadest) ; beyond the middle are two silvery white spots, one on 
 the inner margin and one rather posterior on the costa ; beyond them 
 lies a third spot on the apex of the toing, by which they are frequently 
 united into an angulated fascia ; cilia dark grey, with black hinder mar- 
 ginal line. (In the female the anterior wings are black, the silvery 
 markings brighter, and the extreme base of the wing is also silvery.) 
 Posterior wings grey, with grey cilia. 
 
 Common on mosses, or bogs, in the south of Scotland, in 
 June. 
 
 7. albifrontella, Hub. Tin. 432 (1816); Zell. ; Sta.; Step.?— 
 r/uadrella, Haw. ; Step. Alis anticis nigris, fascia fere recta ante me- 
 dium ( (J sa?pe intcmipta), maculis duabus suboppositis ante apicem, 
 costali posteriore argenteo-albis ; capite, cum palpis, argenteo-albo. Exp. 
 al. 4-4J. lin. 
 
 Head, face, and palpi silvery-white. Antenna; dark fuscous. Ante- 
 rior wings brown-black, with a slightly oblique silvery-white fascia be- 
 fore the middle, nearest the base of the wing on the costa (in the <$ 
 this is generally interrupted on the fold) ; on the inner margin at the 
 aual angle is a silvery-white triangular spot, and beyond it on the costa 
 is a similar larger one ; cilia grey, with some black scales. Posterior 
 wings grey, with paler cilia. 
 
 Very common in woods in June. The larva was found by Mr. 
 Scott, last May, feeding in the upper part of the leaves of Aira 
 caspitosa. 
 
 8. Holdenella, Edleston in lit. Alis anticis griseo-nigris, postice 
 saturatioribus, fascia obliqua ante medium, maculaquc triangulari ad 
 angulum analcm, albidis, macula costali ante apicem guadrata, alba ; 
 capite griseo, palpis albidis. Exp. al. 5 lin. 
 
 Head and face grey. Palpi whitish. Antennae fuscous, with paler 
 annulations. Anterior wings greyish-black, darker towards the apex ; 
 a little before the middle is an oblique whitish fascia nearest the base 
 of the wing on the costa ; at the anal angle is a triangular whitish 
 spot, and beyond it on the costa is a more distinct whiter spot, which is 
 mil triangular, its apex being truncate ; cilia pale grey. Posterior wings 
 grey, with paler cilia. 
 
ELACHISTA. 253 
 
 In Mr. Edleston's collection, is a single specimen, taken near 
 Loudon. 
 
 9. atricomella, Sta. Cat. p. 25 (1849).— $ alienella, Sta. — exi- 
 guella, Step. ? Alis anticis nigrifl, fascia interrupt!! angitlata ante me- 
 dium, maculis duabus suboppositis, costali posteriore, ante apicem al- 
 bidis ; capite nigro, palpis griseis. ( ? alis anticis ad basim griseis, 
 postice griseo-nigris, fascia obliqua ante medium, maculisque duabus tri- 
 angularibus suboppositis ante apicem albis ; capite griseo, palpis albidis.) 
 Exp. al. 4 5— 5 Hn. 
 
 Head greyish-black. Pace and palpi grey. Antennaj dark grey. 
 Anterior wings greyish-black, with an interrupted slightly angulated 
 fascia before the middle, and two opposite spots towards the apex 
 whitish ; the fascia being nearer the base of the wing on the costa, and 
 the costal spot being posterior to the dorsal spot, and also larger ; cilia 
 grey, with some blackish scales. Posterior wings grey, with paler cilia. 
 (In the female the head is dark grey, the face and palpi whitish ; the 
 anterior wings are grey at the base, posteriorly greyish-black ; before 
 the middle is a white, slightly oblique fascia, and towards the apex are 
 two triangular white, nearly opposite spots.) 
 
 Occurs near London, not uncommonly, at the end of May and 
 in June, in hedges and on palings. The larva feeds at the be- 
 ginning of May, on Baetylis glomerata, mining down the leaves, 
 and then down the stem. 
 
 10. luticomella, Zell. Isis, 1839. p. 212; Sta.— guttella, Haw.? 
 Step. ? Alis anticis brunneis, fascia ante medium ( <£ angusta, ? lata) 
 maculis duabus oppositis ( ? majoribus) ante apicem flavidis ; capite, 
 cum palpis, luteo. Exp. al. 4$-6 lin. „ 
 
 Head, face, and palpi yellow. Antenna? fuscous. Anterior wings 
 brown, with a yellowish fascia before the middle (narrow and sli;;litly 
 curved in the male, broad and straight in the female), and two yellow- 
 ish nearly opposite spots towards the apex (these spots are small in the 
 male, larger and triangular in the female) ; cilia greyish-brown. Pos- 
 terior wings brownish-grey, with grey cilia. 
 
 Not uncommon in many localities at the end of June and 
 beginning of July. The larva feeds on Bactylis glomerata in 
 May, and the perfect insect has been reared by Mr. Logan and 
 Mr. Scott; the former promises drawings of its transformations 
 in his forthcoming ' Illustrations of Scottish Lepidoptera.' 
 
 11. Kilmunella, Sta. Cat. p. 25 (1849). Alis anticis saturate 
 obscure griseis, fascia recta alba ante medium, maculis ante apicem 
 duabus in fasciam scepe connexis albis ( ? basi tota alba, sub costa tan- 
 turn cinerea) ; capite, cum palpis, saturate griseo. Exp. al. 4g-5 lin. 
 
 Ili-ad, face, and palpi dark grey. Antennaj dark grey. Anterior 
 wings dingy dark grey, with a nearly straight white fascia in the mid- 
 dle, and two nearly opposite while spots before the apex, frequently united 
 
254 elachistidjE. 
 
 into a fascia; cilia grey, at the apex' whitish. (In the female the en- 
 tire base of the wing is white, with the exception of a grey streak along 
 the costa.) Posterior wings grey, with paler cilia. 
 
 Common on bogs and mosses in June and July ; on the sum- 
 mit of the hill above Kilmun it is extremely plentiful, flying freely 
 in the afternoon, threading its way between the stems of grass or 
 rushes, and occasionally settling for an instant. 
 
 12. alpinella, Edleston in lit. Alis anticis fuscis, mnculis tribits 
 indistinctis albidis, una dorsali ante medium, sccunda ad angulum ana- 
 lem, tcrtia costali ante apicem ; capite fusco. Exp. al. 4 \ lin. 
 
 Head, face, and palpi fuscous. Antenna: fuscous. Anterior wings 
 fuscous, with three indistinct whitish spots, one on the inner margin 
 before the middle, one at the anal angle, and one rather beyond it on 
 the costa ; cilia pale fuscous. Posterior wings grey, with paler cilia. 
 
 Taken by Mr. Edleston, on moors near Manchester, in August. 
 
 13. cinereo-punctella, Haw. L. B. 582 (1829) ; Step. ; Sta. 
 Alis anticis saturate griseis, macula obliqua costa ante medium, macula 
 parva ad angulum analem, maculaque costa ante apicem albidis, puncto 
 apick nigro ; capite griseo, fronte palpisque albidis. Exp. al. 3 J— 4 
 lin. 
 
 Head grey. Face and palpi whitish. Antennae grey. Anterior 
 wings dark grey; in the middle is an oblique whitish spot from the costa 
 reaching more than half across the wing ; at the anal angle is a very 
 small whitish spot, and on the costa immediately before the apex is an- 
 other whitish spot, which precedes un apical black spot; cilia grey. 
 Posterior wings grey, with paler cilia. 
 
 Appears arthe end of May and beginning of June; plentiful 
 on the chalk downs beyond Croydon, also on Durdham Downs, 
 near Bristol. 
 
 14. trapeziella, Sta. Cat. p. 26 (1849).— gutlifera, Haw.? Alis 
 anticis bruuneo-nigris, stria plica basali, punctis duobus in medio, al- 
 tera costce, altera plica, pnnclo lerlio plica supra angulum analem, 
 puncto quarto apicis argenleo-albis ; capite albido, fronte palpisque albis. 
 Exp. al. 4-4| lin. 
 
 llrad whitish. Pace and palpi white. Autennas fuscous. Ante- 
 rior wings dark brown-black, with a short silvery-white streak at the 
 base along the fold ; in the middle are two small silvery-white spots, 
 one on the costa, the other on the fold, a third spot lies on the fold above 
 the anal angle, and a fourth in the apex of the wing ; cilia fuscous. 
 Posterior wings fuscous, with paler cilia. 
 
 A specimen taken at West Wickham Wood, in June, is in Mr. 
 Bedell's collection. Mr. Douglas and I have each a specimen, 
 the localities of which are unknown. 
 
 15. nigrella, Hub. 285 (1816); Haw.; Trait.; Sta.; Step.? 
 
BLAOHIBTA. 255 
 
 Zell. P Alis anticis ( <$ ) griseis, fascia fere recta albida obsoleta ante 
 medium, maculis duabus ante apicem oppositis, quarum apices postice 
 spectant in fasciam conjunctis, apice rotandaio, ciliis griseis, circa api- 
 cem extenie albidis ( ? alis anticis ad basim saturate griseis, postice 
 nigris, fascia maculisque albis distinctis, macula costali non pone ma- 
 culain dorsalem) ; capite griseo, fronte argenteo-grisea, palpis dilute 
 griseis. Exp. al. 4 lin. 
 
 Head grey. Face silvery-grey. Falpi pale grey. Antenna; fuscous. 
 Anterior wings (of the $) grey, with an indistinct nearly straight 
 whitishyascia before the middle, and an angulated fascia (composed of 
 two whitish opposite spots, with their apices sloping posteriorly) to- 
 wards the apex ; a somewhat rounded dark hinder marginal line runs 
 through the grey cilia, which at the apex are whitish. (In the ? the 
 anterior wings are dark grey at the base, and beyond the first fascia 
 black ; the first fascia is whiter and more distinct, and the opposite 
 spots towards the apex are much whiter and more distinct ; the costal 
 spot is scarcely posterior to the dorsal spot.) Posterior wings grey, 
 with paler cilia. 
 
 Not uncommon in May and August, generally occurring near 
 hedges. The larva feeds in the upper part of a slight-growing 
 grass (perhaps Poa trivialis) in April and July. 
 
 16. subnigrella, Dougl. Ent. Trans, ii. n. s. 210. pi. xviii. f. 1 
 (1854). Alis anticis ($) griseis, fascia obliqua albida obsoleta ante 
 medium, fascia angulata albida obsoleta ante apicem, quasi e maculis 
 duabus composita, ciliis apicis truncati griseis ( $ alis postice satura- 
 tioiibus, fascia maculisque latioribus, albidioribus, macula costali dis- 
 tincte post maculam dorsalem) ; capite griseo, fronte argentea, palpis 
 griseis. Exp. al. 3^- lin. 
 
 Head grey. Face rather silvery. Palpi pale grey. Antennas fus- 
 cous. Anterior wings (of the <$ ) dingy grey, with an indistinct rather 
 oblique whitish fascia a little before the middle, being nearest the base 
 on the costa ; towards the apex is a whitish angulated fascia, composed, 
 as it were, of two indistinct opposite spots ; cilia at the rather truncate 
 apex grey. (In the $ the anterior wings are darker, especially poste- 
 riorly, and the fascia and spots are whiter and broader ; the costal spot 
 is decidedly posterior to the dorsal spot.) Posterior wings grey, with 
 paler cilia. 
 
 Common at the beginning of June and in August, on the old 
 tram-road beyond Croydon. The larva feeds in April, May, and 
 July, in the leaves of liromus credits, not descending the stems ; 
 the mined places assume a purplish tinge; the pupa may fre- 
 quently be found on the upper side of the leaf, close to where it 
 quits the stem. 
 
 17. occultella, Dougl. Ent. Trans, i. n. s. Proc. 7 (1850); Sta. 
 Alis anticis griseo-fuscis, fascia angulata albida valde obsoleta ante me- 
 
256 ELACHISTIDiE. 
 
 dium, maculis duabus triangularibiis subdislinctis, ante apicem albidis, 
 non conjluenlibus, apice non tritncato ; ciliis griseis ; capite, cum palpis, 
 griseo. Exp. al. 3J-4 lin. 
 
 Head, face, and palpi grey, rather shining. Antenna; fuscous. An- 
 terior wings shining greyish-fuscous, with a very indistinct whitish 
 fascia a little before the middle; the fascia is angulatcd on the fold, 
 and is nearest the base on the costa ; towards the apex arc two rather 
 conspicuous triangular whitish spots, that on the costa being nearest to 
 the apex ; they are distinctly separated by Hie intervening ground-colour 
 of the wing ; the apex of the wing is rounded, with a dark hinder mar- 
 ginal line in the grey cilia. Posterior wings grey, with paler cilia. 
 
 Mr. Douglas discovered this species on the 25th of May, 1848, 
 flying plentifully over some long grass growing under trees in a 
 damp part of West Wickham Wood. 
 
 18. consortella, Sta. Sup. Cat. p. 9 (1851). Alis anticis (<?) 
 angustis, griseis, punclo parvo albido plica ante medium, stria nigra 
 plica in medio, maculis oppositis ante apicem albidis, fere in fasciam 
 angulatam conflucntibus, slriola albida in apice ducia ( $ fascia media 
 albida distincta, maculis oppositis fere in faseiam obliijuam connexis) ; 
 capite griseo. Exp. al. ',l~:l\ lin. 
 
 Head, face, and palpi grey. Antenna; dark grey. Anterior wings 
 narrow, (of the J 1 ) dark grey, with apparently no trace of the medial 
 fascia, but on the fold is a small whitish spot, followed by a short black 
 streak ; the opposite spots towards the apex arc whitish, and nearly 
 form an angulatcd fascia ; from their union some whitish scales are con- 
 tinued into the apex of the cilia ; cilia grey, except the whitish apex. 
 (In the ? the medial fascia is distinct, and the opposite spots nearly 
 unite to form an oblique fascia.) Posterior wings grey, with paler 
 cilia. 
 
 Taken by Mr. Logan in March, amongst grass, on Arthur's 
 Seat. 
 
 19. pulchella, Haw. L. B. 582 (1829) ; Step. ; Sta. Alis anticis 
 ad basim, albis, postice nigris, macula costa; prope basim elongata grisea, 
 maculis duabus triangularibiis subopposilis, ante apicem albis; capite, 
 cum palpis, albo. Exp. al. 3$ lin. 
 
 Head, face, and palpi while. Antenna? fuscous. Anterior wings 
 with the basal half entirely white (except a longitudinal grey patcli 
 along the costa, which terminates before the middle of the wing, so as 
 to leave an entire white fascia), the apical half dark greyish-black, with 
 two triangular nearly opposite white spots, that on the costa being 
 rather nearer the apex ; cilia grey, with a dark hinder marginal line. 
 Posterior wings pale grey, with paler cilia. 
 
 Occurs singly among grass in May and June ; as all the speci- 
 mens with which we are acquainted are females, it is probably the 
 female of some other known species, possibly of obscurella. 
 
ELACHISTA. 257 
 
 20. Bedellella, Sircom, Zool. 1848. p. 2057; Sta. — nigrella, 
 Dup. Alis anticis laliusculis, postice truncatis, ($) griseis ( ? albidiori- 
 bus), fascia recta ante, fascia angulata pone medium albidis ; capite 
 cum palpis griseo. Exp. al. 3i lin. 
 
 Head, face, and palpi grey. Antenna? dark fuscous. Anterior wings 
 rather broad and posteriorly truncate, (of the £) grey, (of the ? paler, 
 and at the base almost whitish), with a straight whitish fascia before 
 the middle, and an angulated whitish fascia towards the apex, both 
 rather indistinct; at the apex is a dark hinder-marginal line, which is 
 almost straight, giving the wings a truncate appearance ; cilia grey, at 
 the apex whitish. Posterior wings grey, with paler cilia. 
 
 Very abundant in May and August among the, short grass of 
 the chalk downs; occurs at Sanderstead and near Bristol. 
 
 21. obscurella, Sta. Cat. p. 26 (1849). Alis anticis dilute gri- 
 scis, obscurius squamatis, fascia media, maculisque duabus oppositis 
 ante apicem dilutioribus, obsolelissimis ; capite cum palpis griseo. Exp. 
 al. 4j lin. (Var. Fascia maculisque subdistinclis ; capite cum palpis 
 albido. Exp. al. 3£ lin.) 
 
 Head, face, and palpi pale grey. Antenna? dark grey. Anterior 
 wings grey, with darker scales, and with very faint judications of a 
 paler fascia in the middle, and two paler opposite spots before the 
 apex. (The smaller summer brood has the fascia and spots more dis- 
 tinct.) Posterior wings pale grey, with paler cilia. 
 
 Abundant on meadows and among grass, near hedges, in May, 
 and again in August, but, as above mentioned, the summer speci- 
 mens differ slightly from those taken in spring ; the female of 
 this species has not yet been observed, unless it be pulchella. 
 
 22. Albinella, Sta. Cat. p. 27 (1849) ; Haw.? Step.? Alis an- 
 ticis fuscis, fascia media recta latiuscula Jlavida , in plica auranlia, ciliis 
 griseo-fuscis ; capite cum palpis fitsco. Exp. al. 4J--5 lin. 
 
 Head, face, palpi, and antenna: dark fuscous. Anterior wings dark 
 fuscous, with a straight, rather broad, yellowish fascia in the middle, 
 slightly suffused with orange on the fold ; cilia greyish-fuscous. Poste- 
 rior wings brown-grey, with grey cilia. 
 
 I am not aware of the localities where this species has been 
 taken. I have a specimen, and there is one in Mr. Bond's col- 
 lection. 
 
 23. zonariella, Tengstrom, P. F.-E. 150 (1847). —bisulcella, ML; 
 Sta. Alis anticis fuscis, fascia media rec/iuscula Jlavida, externe auranlia, 
 ad dorsum, laliore ; ciliis apicis albidis; capite cum palpis brunneo. 
 Exp. al. 4 lin. 
 
 Head, face, and palpi brown. Antennae greyish-fuscous. Anterior 
 wings dark fuscous, with a yellowish fascia in the middle; the fascia is 
 nearly straight, broadest on the inner margin, and is towards the apex of 
 the wing of an orange colour ; cilia grey, but at the apex beyond the 
 
 VOL. III. 2 L 
 
258 ELACHISTID.H. 
 
 dark hinder marginal line wfiilisk. Posterior wings brown-grey, with 
 paler cilia. 
 
 Formerly taken by Mr. Sircom in August, near Bristol. Mr. 
 Scott bred a specimen last summer from a larva he found near 
 Eenfrew, mining in May the leaves of (he believes) Air a ctespi- 
 tosa. 
 
 24. gangabella (P. v. R), Zell. Ent. Ztg. 1850, p. 202; Sta. 
 Alis anticis fuscis, fascia media Jlava sub coslam allenuala, maculam tri- 
 gonam dorsi simulants; ciliis fnsco-g?-iseis ; capite cum palpis fusco. 
 Exp. al. 4 lin. 
 
 Head, face, palpi, and antenna? dark fuscous. Anterior wings dark 
 fuscous, with a straight yellow fascia in the middle, very narrow towards 
 the costa, but swelling out to a triangular spot on the inner margin ; cilia 
 greyish-fuscous. Posterior wings grey, with paler cilia. 
 
 A scarce species, taken by Mr. Douglas in Iieadley Lane, and 
 by myself at Dartford Heath, in June. 
 
 25. obliquella, Edleston in lit. Alis anticis fuscis, fascia, fere 
 recta lutea paulo post medium; ciliis apicis dilute luieis ; capite cum 
 palpis litteo ; antennis fuscis albo-annulatis. Exp. al. 4i lin. 
 
 Head, face, and palpi lutcous. Antennae dark fuscous, annulated 
 with white. Anterior wings dark fuscous, with a nearly straight, yel- 
 lowish fascia, rather beyond the middle; apical cilia pale yellowish be- 
 yond a dark hinder marginal line ; cilia at the anal angle fuscous. 
 Posterior wings fuscous, with paler cilia. 
 
 Two specimens in Mr. Edleston's collection, taken near 
 London. 
 
 26. abruptella, n. sp. Alis anticis fuscis, fascia fere recta pone 
 medium alba ; ciliis apicis truueati albidis ; capite cum palpis albo ; 
 antennis fuscis. Exp. al. 4^ lin. 
 
 Head, face, and palpi while. Antenna? fuscous. Anterior wings 
 fuscous, with a nearly straight while fascia a little beyond the middle ; 
 the cilia at the truncate apex are ichilish. Posterior wings grey, with 
 paler cilia. 
 
 Two specimens in Mr. Allis's collection. 
 
 27. Megerlella, Sta. Cat. p. 27 (1849); Zell.; Dougl. Ent. 
 Trans, ii. n. s. 2. pi. xviii. f. 2 ; Step. ? — unifasciella, Haw. ? Alis an- 
 ticis griseo-fuscis, fascia media tenui flavida, supcrius recta, inferius ba- 
 sim versus flexa ; ciliis apicis flavidis ; capite cum palpis albido ; an- 
 tennis fuscis. Exp. al. 5 lin. 
 
 Head, face, and palpi whitish. Antennas greyish-fuscous. Anterior 
 wings greyish-fuscous (darker in the $ ), with a yellowish fascia in the 
 middle ; this fascia is wry slender, when it first leaves the costa it is 
 nearly straight, but after reaching the fold it turns a little towards the 
 base of the wing, it is broadest on the inner margin, its outer edge 
 
ELACII1STA. 259 
 
 which is less sharply defined than the inner edge being very nearly 
 straight ; cilia grey, but at the apex, beyond the dark hinder marginal 
 line, yellowish. Posterior wings grey, with paler cilia. 
 
 Common in hedges in May and August. The larva feeds in 
 March and April, in the upper part of the leaves of a coarse- 
 growing grass (I had thought this grass was Melica unijlora, 
 but am now doubtful on that point ; it is not a very easy matter 
 to distinguish eacli species of grass from an examination of the 
 leaf only) j its mines are rather puckered and brownish ; the sum- 
 mer brood of the larva I have not observed. 
 
 28. adscitella, Sta. Sup. Cat. p. 10 (1851). Alis anticis dilute 
 grisco-fuscis, fascia media tetmi albida interrupta ; ciliis apicis albidis ; 
 capite cum palpis albido. Exp. al. 6$ lin. 
 
 Head, face, and palpi whitish. Antennas fuscous. Anterior wings 
 pale greyish-fuscous, with two slender whitish opposite spots in the mid- 
 dle, forming an interrupted fascia ; the dorsal spot is rather the larger 
 of the two; cilia grey, but at the apex beyond the dark hinder mar- 
 ginal line whitish. Posterior wings grey, with paler cilia. 
 
 Occurs near Chesterfield in June; Mr. Allis has now distri- 
 buted it in several collections. 
 
 29. cerusella, Hub. 183 (1801); Haw.; Step.— cerussella, Zell. 
 Alis anticis albidis, atomis fuscis leviter irroratis, fascia interrupta pone 
 medium, altera Integra ante apicem fuscis, priore maculam nigrum in- 
 terne gerenle, apice fusco ; ciliis griseo-fuscis ; capite cum palpis albido. 
 Exp. al. 5 lin. 
 
 Head, face, and palpi whitish. Antennas whitish. Anterior wings 
 whitish, with some scattered fuscous scales, with an interrupted fuscous 
 fascia beyond the middle, internally with a black spot on the fold, and 
 an uninterrupted fascia towards the apex, with a minute black spot in- 
 ternally ; apex of the wing fuscous ; cilia greyish-fuscous. Posterior 
 wings grey, with paler cilia. 
 
 Common in marshy ground in May and at the end of August; 
 the larva feeds in the upper part of the leaves of the common 
 reed (Armulo Pkragmites) at the beginning of August ; the spring 
 brood of the larva has not yet been observed. 
 
 30. Rhynchosporella, Sta. Zool. 1848, p. 2165. Alis anticis 
 albidis, puncto in medio plica: nigro, costa, dorso, fascia extrorsum an- 
 gulata pone medium, macula costali ante apicem majore, maculaque 
 dorsali ad angulum analem miuore, obscure griseis ; capite cum palpis 
 albo vel albido. Exp. al. 4g- lin. 
 
 Head, face, and palpi while or whitish. Antenna; fuscous. Anterior 
 wings dirty-whitish, with a dirty-grey streak along the costa to beyond 
 the middle, and a dirty-grey streak along the inner margin ; beyond 
 the middle is a dirty-grey fascia, angulaled posteriorly ; a rather large 
 
SCO ELACHISTIDjE. 
 
 costal spot before the apex, and a small spot at the anal angle are dirty- 
 grey ; cilia grey. Posterior wings dirty-grey, with paler cilia. 
 
 Common in the North, on mosses and bogs ; also occurs in the 
 Cambridgeshire fens, and met with last summer by Mr. Boyd in 
 the New Forest, who observed it to frequent the cotton-grass 
 {Eriophorum) ; appears in June and July. 
 
 31. Eleochariella, Sta. Sup. Cat. p. 10 (1851). Alis anticis 
 griseis, plica albidn, puncto in medio nigro, strigula obliqua costs; api- 
 cem versus, punctoque opposite dorsi albitlis ; capite cum palpis sa- 
 turate griseo. Exp. al. 3J lin. 
 
 Head, face, and palpi dark grey. Antennas dark fuscous. Anterior 
 wings grey, with a whitish line along the fold interrupted by a black 
 spot in the middle ; towards the apex is a whitish streak on the costa 
 sloping towards the hinder margin, and beneath it on the inner margin 
 is a small whitish spot ; cilia pale grey. Posterior wings grey, with 
 paler cilia. 
 
 I met with this in July among rushes, on the top of the hill 
 above Kilmun. 
 
 32. biatomella, Sta. Zool. 1848, p. 2165. Alis anticis griseo- 
 ochreis, puncto fusco plica; albidse media;, strigula obliqua costali pone 
 medium, in puncto altero fusco terminata, punctoque obsolcto costali 
 ante apicem albidis ; capite ochreo-griseo ; fronte pnlpisque albidis. 
 Exp. al. 8$ lin. 
 
 Head greyish-ochreous. Pace and palpi whitish. Antenna; fuscous. 
 Anterior wings greyish-ochreous, with a Whitish streak along the fold, 
 in which is a fuscous spot about the middle of the wing and whitish 
 oblique (sloping posteriorly) streak from the costa beyond the middle, 
 having at its termination another fuscous spot ; on the costa imme- 
 diately before the apex is a small whitish spot ; cilia, beyond a fuscous 
 hinder-marginal line, grey. Posterior wings grey, with paler cilia. 
 
 Occurs rather freely on Durdham Downs, near Bristol, from 
 May to July. 
 
 33. serrlcorais, Logan in lit. Alis anticis griseis, puncto nigro 
 plica? pone medium, strigula brcvi obliqua costali albida ante apicein ; 
 capite cum palpis griseo ; antennis apicem versus serratis. Exp. al. 
 3£ lin. 
 
 Head, face, and palpi grey. Antennas towards the apex much ser- 
 rated, dark grey, with paler annulations. Anterior wings grey, with a 
 black spot on the fold beyond the middle, and a short oblique (sloping 
 posteriorly) whitish streak from the costa, before the apex, internally 
 margined witli dark grey ; cilia, beyond a darker hinder-marginal line, 
 grey. Posterior wings grey, with paler cilia. 
 
 Two specimens, one in Mr. Weir's and one in Mr. Logan's 
 collection. 
 
ELACIIISTA. 261 
 
 84. triatomea, Haw. L. B. 535 (1829) ; Step.— dispilella, Zell. j 
 Sta. — bipunctella, Treit. P Alis anticis albis, punctis duobus nigris, 
 altera plicae ante medium, nltero disci pone medium ; capite cum pal- 
 pis albo. Exp. al. 4-4£ lin. 
 
 Head, face, and palpi white. Antennae grey. Anterior wings 
 white, with two small black spots, one on the fold a little before the 
 middle, the other midway between that and the apex ; at the anal 
 angle are frequently a few black scales (forming Haworth's " third 
 atom") ; cilia whitish, witli a few greyish scales. Posterior wings 
 greyish-white, with paler cilia. 
 
 Not uncommon among grass in chalky places in June and July. 
 
 35. triseriatella, n. sp. Alis anticis albis, seriebus tribus ato- 
 roorum nigroruin disci ; capite cum palpis albo. Exp. al. 3£ lin. 
 
 Head, face, and palpi white. Antennae fuscous. Anterior wings 
 white, with three rows of black scales on the disc ; cilia whitish. Pos- 
 terior wings grey, with whitish cilia. 
 
 A specimen of this insect is in the collection of Mr. Vaughan, 
 who took it, June 20, 1849, by sweeping the short grass on the 
 top of St. Vincent's Rocks, Durdhain Downs. 
 
 36. collitella (F. v. It.), Dup. L. F. Sup. iv. 327- pi. 77. f. 9 
 (1842). — subocellea, Step.? Alis anticis albis, fnsciis tribus ochrcis, 
 prima basim versus obsoleta, secunda pone medium, lerlia saturatiore 
 ante jipicem, disci parce nigro-squamato, serieque. squamarum nigrarum 
 ad marginem poslicum truncatum; capite albo. Exp. al. 4 lin. 
 
 Head, face, and palpi white. Antenna; fuscous, annulated with 
 white. Anterior wings white, with three dirty-ochrcous fasciae ; the 
 first, near the base, very indistinct, tlie second beyond the middle, and 
 the third, and darkest, towards the apex ; on the disc arc a few scat- 
 tered black scales, and there is a row of black scales along the truncate 
 hinder margin i cilia whitish, the tips fuscous. Posterior wings grey, 
 with paler cilia. 
 
 Occurs on Durdham Downs, near Bristol, in July. 
 
 37. pollinariella (Zell.), Dup. L. F. xi. 508. pi. 307. f. 6 
 (1838); Zell.; Sta. Alis anticis albis, fasciis tribus ochreis, costam 
 versus fusccsccntibus, prima basim versus, secunda in medio, tenia 
 ante apiccm, disco parce fusco-squamato ; capite albo. Exp. al. 
 4-5 lin. 
 
 Head, face, and palpi white. Antenna? fuscous. Anterior wings 
 white, with three dirty-ochreous fasciie, darkest towards the costa; the 
 first is near the base, the second in the middle, and the third towards 
 the apex ; on the disc, and along the fold, are some scattered fuscous 
 scales; cilia whitish, with a dark fuscous binder-marginal line, the 
 extreme tips grey. Posterior wings grey, with paler cilia. 
 
 Occurs at Sanderstead, Mickleham, and Durdham Downs, in 
 June and July. 
 
262 ELACHISTIDJ!. 
 
 38. rufocinerea, Haw. L. B. 535 (1829); Step.; Zell.— ? floa- 
 lactis, Haw. ; Step. Alis anticis ( £ ) albidis brunnescentc sufFusis ; 
 posticis griseis. ( $ alis anticis albis dilutissime lutescente sufl'usis ; 
 posticis dilute griseis.) Exp. al. 4-5 lin. 
 
 cj Head, face, and palpi whitish. Antennae brownish. Anterior 
 wings whitish, very much suffused with brownish, the inner margin 
 and discoidal cell only remaining of the ground-colour ; cilia dirty- 
 whitish, with dark fuscous scales. Posterior wings dark grey, with 
 greyish-ochreous cilia. 
 
 ? Head, face, and palpi white. Antennas whitish, annulated with 
 fuscous. Anterior wings whitish, with numerous scattered scales of a 
 very pale yellowish tint ; cilia whitish, with some fuscous scales. Pos- 
 terior wings pale grey, with yellowish cilia. 
 
 A most abundant species throughout the country j it appears 
 at the end of April, directly the first warm weather sets in, and 
 continues throughout May; it especially frequents the sides of 
 hedges and ditches, where the males may be seen flying briskly 
 along, about sunset, just above the tops of the grass, in search of 
 the females, which may frequently be observed perched on tlie 
 summit of a blade of grass, with the wings in continual vibra- 
 tion. In spite of the excessive abundance of this insect, we have 
 hitherto failed in our attempts to find the larva; but the pupa 
 has, on three separate occasions, been met with : once on the 
 stem of a dock by Mr. Douglas, and I once found it under a leaf 
 of Veronica Chamredrys, and once on the upper side of an ivy-leaf, 
 where it lay conveniently in the angle of the leaf, with a silken 
 awning spread over it. 
 
 39. ochreella, Sta. Cat. p. 27 (1849).— vnr. nebulella, Sta. Alis 
 anticis ochreis, costam versus fuscescentibus ; posticis fuscis, ochreo- 
 ciliatis. Exp. al. 5 lin. 
 
 Head, face, and palpi yellowish-ochreous. Antenna? fuscous. An- 
 terior wings yellowish-ochreous, somewhat fuscous along the costa, 
 especially at the base ; cilia yellowish-ochreous. Posterior wings fus- 
 cous, with ochreous cilia. 
 
 1 las occurred in the Cambridgeshire fens, and in the north of 
 England, in June. 
 
 40. cygnipennella, Hub. Tin. 207 (1801); Zell.; Dougl. Ent. 
 Trans, ii. n. s. 211. pi. xviii. f. 3. — cygnipennis, Haw. — cygnella, Treit. ; 
 Dup. — ? cygnipennella, Step. — <$ semialbella, Step. Alis anticis 
 albis immaculatis; posticis {$) fuscis, albido-ciliatis ($ albidis, albo- 
 ciliatis). Exp. al. 5-6J lin. 
 
 Head, face, palpi, and antennae white. Anterior wings immaculate, 
 white ; cilia white. Posterior wings (of the $ ) fuscous, with whitish 
 cilia (of the ? whitish, with white cilia). 
 
TISOHEUIA. 2G3 
 
 Common at Sanderstcad, and in many other localities, in June ; 
 the perfect insects appear very sluggish. The larva mines the 
 upper part of the leaves of the Dactylis glomerala in May. 
 
 Genus XIV. TISCHERIA. 
 
 Tisciieiua, Zell. Isis, 1839, p. 219 ; Dup. Cat. Elachista p., Trait. ; 
 
 Dup. L. F. Aphelosetia p., Step. 
 Capilli occipitales suberecli ; frontales depressi. Palpi labialcs breves, 
 filiformes, penduli. Haustellum mediocre, squamatum. Antenna: 
 alis anterioribus breviores, <£ piloso-ciliata>, $ nuda;, articulo basali 
 dentem pilosum gcrente. Ala) longe ciliatie, anteriores subcaudu- 
 latae, posteriores lanceolatoe. Tibia? postiea; pilosis. Ala; ante- 
 riores : cellula discoidalis postice aperta, vena subcostalis in basi 
 longissime obsolcta, ramos quinque in costam, mediana tres in 
 marginem posticum cinittit, vena subdorsalis siui))lex ; posteriores : 
 vena: simpliccs. 
 
 Head behind with rather erect hairs, in front smooth. Labial palpi 
 short, filiform, drooping. Tongue of moderate length, clothed with 
 scales. Antenna; considerably shorter than the anterior wings, in the 
 cj with pilose cilialions, in the ? simple, the basal joint furnished 
 with a projecting tuft of hair. Wings with long cilia, the anterior 
 pointed, hardly caudulatc, the posterior lanceolate. Hinder tibiae 
 hairy. In the anterior wings the discoidal cell is not closed, the sub- 
 costal vein is obsolete for a considerable length towards the base ; it 
 sends five veins to the costa, the median emits three to the hinder 
 margin, the subdorsal vein is simple ; in the posterior wings the 
 veins are simple. 
 
 A rather singular genus, of which only two species have oc- 
 curred in this country (two or three others are known on the 
 continent) ; the perfect insects sit with the head slightly raised, 
 the tips of the wings firmly pressed against the substance on 
 which the insect is sitting. The larva; are leaf-miners, and re- 
 markable for their extremely undeveloped legs, which require to 
 be seen by the aid of a microscope ; the habits of our two species 
 exhibit considerable differences. 
 
 1. complanella, Hub. Tin. 428 (1816); Treit. ; Dup.; Zell.; 
 Eatz. P. I. ii. pi. xii. f. 4 ; Sta. — rnfpennella, Step. — Miillcrella, Vill. ? 
 — rufipennis, Haw. ?—fulvesceits, Step. ? Alis anticis lutcis, margine pos- 
 tico late, costaque angustisdme fuscescentibus. Exp. al. 3 -J— 5 lin. 
 
 Head, face, and palpi yellowish. Antennae greyish-yellow. Ante- 
 rior wings bright yellowish, towards the hinder margin and along the 
 costa fuscescent ; cilia yellowish at the apex, grey at the anal angle. 
 Posterior wings grey, with yellowish-grey cilia. 
 
264 LITHOCOLLF.TID.F.. 
 
 Very common among oaks 'in June. The larva (according to 
 Itatzeburg) mines in the autumn in oak-leaves, making large 
 white blotches, within which the larva may be observed in a 
 curved position ; the mined leaves remain perfectly flat. The 
 larva, when full-fed, spins its cocoon within the leaf, but remains 
 unchanged till spring; there does not appear to be more than 
 one brood in the year. (I have repeatedly met with the larvae, 
 but have not hitherto succeeded in rearing them.) 
 
 2. marginea, Haw. L. B. 556 (1829); Step.— Emyella, Dup. 
 L. F. xi. pi. 309. f. 6 ; Zell. Alis anticis luteis, costa anguste, apicera 
 versus latins, margineque postico late J'nseis, puncto rolundo airo mar- 
 gim's postici supra angulmn analcm. Exp. nl. 4-4-^ tin. 
 
 Head fuscous, mixed with yellowish. Face and palpi yellowish. An- 
 tenna) fuscous. Anterior wings bright yellowish, with the costa nar- 
 rowly fitscotu at the base, more broadly towards the apex, the hinder 
 margin broadly fuscous, icilh a round black spot above the anal angle ; 
 cilia at the apex ochreous, at the anal angle grey. Posterior wings fus- 
 cous, with paler cilia. 
 
 Common among brambles in May and August. The larva 
 mines the leaves of the bramble in autumn and winter, and in 
 July ; the mines appear as whitish blotches, palest at their origin, 
 of a cornucopia shape; they pucker the leaf a little; the larva 
 changes to a pupa in the mine, not forming a cocoon; the pupa 
 is extremely active. 
 
 Family XI. LITHOCOLLETIDiE. 
 
 Capilli hirsuti. Palpi labiales filiformes, penduli. Ala; longe ciliatne, 
 auteriores elongala, poslice acuminata, posteriores lineari-laneeolata. 
 Head rough. Labial palpi filiform, drooping. Wings with long 
 cilia, the anterior elongate, posteriorly acuminate, the posterior linear- 
 lanceolate. 
 
 This family, at present, only contains one genus. 
 
 Genus I. LITHOCOLLETIS. 
 
 Lithocolletis, Zell. Isis, 1839, p. 216; Dup. Cat. Tinea p., Haw. 
 
 Aryyroniiges p., Curt. ; Step. Elachista p., Treit. ; Dup. L. F. xi. ; 
 
 Zett. Chrysoeslhia p., Lithocolletis p., et Eucestis, Hub. V. 
 Capilli hirsuti, epistomio lajvigato. Antenna; alis anterioribus vix bre- 
 
 viores, articulo basali modice incrassato. llaustelluin mediocre, 
 
 nudum. Palpi labiales filiformes, penduli. Aire longe ciliatm, an- 
 
LITH0C0LLET1S. 265 
 
 teriores elongatsc, postice acuminata; ; posteriores lincari-lanceolatae. 
 Anteriores : vena subcostalis longe intcvnipta, cellnla discoidalis 
 venas duas in costam, imam in apiccm, cluas in marginem posticum 
 emittit, subdorsals simplex ; posteriores : vena mcdiana bifida in 
 utrumquc marginem exit, subdorsals simplex. 
 
 Head rough, the face smooth. Antennae hardly shorter than the 
 anterior wings, the basal joint moderately thickened, not expanded into 
 an eye-cap. Tongue of moderate length, naked. Labial palpi filiform, 
 drooping. Wing with long cilia, the anterior elongate, posteriorly 
 acuminate (yet appearing from the cilia of an elliptic form) ; the poste- 
 rior linear-lanceolate. In the anterior wings the subcostal vein has a 
 long interruption ; the discoidal cell sends two veins to the costa, one 
 to the apex, and two to the hinder margin ; the subdorsal vein is sim- 
 ple. In the posterior wings the median vein is bifid, terminating on 
 each margin ; the subdorsal vein is simple. 
 
 This is in all probability the most elegant genus of the Tineina ; 
 the graceful form of the perfect insects, the sharpness of the de- 
 signs on the anterior wings, and the rich, frequently metallic 
 lustre of the scales, impart to them a brilliancy which attracts the 
 attention of the most superficial. Unfortunately the small size of 
 these little gems, and the extreme similarity of many of them, 
 have caused considerable ambiguity with regard to the descrip- 
 tions of tlie earlier authors, so that our accurate knowledge of few 
 of the species dates further back than 1846, when the appearance 
 of the first volume of the 'Linntea Entomologica/ with Zeller's 
 monograph of this genus, caused a complete revolution in this 
 department of Entomological science. Elaborate as was that 
 monograph, and immensely in advance of all that had previously 
 been written on the subject, the impetus it gave to the study of 
 this group has been so great, that it has already become antiquated 
 and out of date. Von Nicelli, whose remarks on the habits of 
 the Pomeranian species of this genus show that he is fully com- 
 petent for such a task, has undertaken to write a monograph of 
 the genus as it stands at the present time, and I believe his mo- 
 nograph is now ready for publication. 
 
 The perfect insects rest with their head slightly elevated (a 
 single species (Schrebcrel la) has a directly contrary habit, inclin- 
 ing its head to the surface on which it rests at an angle of fully 
 30°) ; the antennae are laid back generally under the wings; the 
 flight is gentle, or with occasional jerks. The larva; have only 
 fourteen feet, and mine in leaves, having no power to quit their 
 mine, but changing therein to a pupa, and the empty pupa-skin 
 may be found protruding through the skin of the leaf after the 
 perfect insect has escaped. Some of the larva; mine beneath the 
 
 2 M 
 
266 LITHOCOLLETIDJE. 
 
 upper cuticle, some beneath the under cuticle, but the larva of 
 no species is known to mine indifferently the upper or under side 
 of a leaf. Tbe larva, in the process of its mine, contorts the leaf 
 more or less, the leaf curving towards the side on which the larva 
 is at work ; the larva carpets the loosened skin with silk, and 
 purposely pulls it so tight as to cause the loosened skin to pucker, 
 whereby the opposite side of the leaf naturally curves. Mr. Boyd 
 has suggested that the natural shrinkage of the silk may, without 
 any extraneous assistance from the larva, cause the puckering of 
 the loosened skin. Many of the larvae have the third and fourth 
 segments considerably enlarged. The larvae of some species form 
 cocoons of silk, sometimes of very fine texture ; others interweave 
 the grains of excrement into the cocoon ; a few do not construct 
 any cocoon. Most of the species are double-brooded, appearing 
 in the perfect state in May and August, and the larva; feeding in 
 July and October ; a few of the latter brood remain in the larva 
 state throughout the winter, but in most of the species the pupa 
 state is assumed before the commencement of winter, and inauy a 
 withered brown leaf blown hither and thither, at the mercy of 
 every gust, contains throughout the winter a living pupa, to ap- 
 pear in the following spring as one of these splendid insects. 
 The genus may be tabulated as follows : — 
 
 a. Anterior wings with a hook in the cilia. Species 1-3. 
 a a. Anterior wings with no hook in the cilia. 
 
 b. Anterior wings dark, witli a white, whitish, or silvery basal streak. 
 c. The basal streak dark-margined on both sides. Species 4-9, 
 
 19, 20. 
 c c. The basal streak dark-margined only towards the costa. Spe- 
 cies 10, 12, 17,26. 
 c c c. The basal streak with no dark margin. Species 11, 13, 
 14-16, 18, 21-25. 
 b b. Anterior wings wlutc, with dark streaks or fasciae. Species 27- 
 
 30, 41. 
 b b b. Anterior wings dark, with no defined basal streak, but with 
 two or more pale fasciae. Species 31-40. 
 
 1. Roboris, Zell. Isis, 1839, p. 217; Id. L. E. i. 174. pi. 1. f.4. 
 — Roborella, Sta. — Roborifoliella, Dup. Alis anticis niveis, macula 
 parva dorsali aureo-brunnea basim versus, fascia lata obliqua a basi 
 costao fere ad medium dorsi, aureo-brunnea, pone medium lineis quatuor 
 costie, una dorsi nigris introrsum fuscescente-marginatis, punch rotundo 
 apice atro, caudulam ciliarum emillente. Exp. al. 4 lin. 
 
 Head white, with a few fuscous hairs. Face and palpi white. An- 
 tenna; whitish, with fuscous annulations. Anterior wings white, with 
 a small golden-brown blotch on the inner margin near the base ; an 
 
LITHOCOLLETIS. 267 
 
 oblique golden-brown fascia commences at the base of the costa, it is at 
 first very broad, but gradually becomes thinner, terminating before the 
 middle of the inner margin, on its outer side are some fuscous scales ; 
 beyond the middle of the wing are four short black lines from the 
 costa, and a longer one from the inner margin internally margined with 
 pale golden-brown ; at the apex is a round black spot, from which the 
 long black scales, which form the hook in the cilia, project ; cilia white. 
 Posterior wings grey, with whitish cilia. 
 
 Appears in May and August. The larva feeds on the under- 
 side of oak-leaves. It has occurred at Leatherhead, Hudders- 
 field, and Doncastcr. 
 
 2. hortella, Fab. E. S. iii. 2. 327. 17-1 (1794); Haw.; Sta.— 
 Saportella, Dup. ; Zell. L. E. i. 177. pi. 1. f. 6; v. Nicelli.— Kuhl- 
 weiniella, Zcll. Isis, 1839. Alis auticis albis, fasciis tribus angulatis, 
 secunda interrupta, ochreo-aureis utrinque nigro-marginatis, strigulis dua- 
 bus costae ochreo-aureis, extrorsum nigro-marginatis, in striolam apicis 
 ochreo-fuscam decurrcntibus. Exp. al. 4 lin. 
 
 Head whitish. Face and palpi white. Antennas white, with fus- 
 cous annulations. Anterior wings white, with three angulated fasciae 
 and two costal spots, ochreous-yel/ow, somewhat golden ,■ the first fascials 
 slightly angulated, externally (lark margined and internally partially so ; 
 the second fascia is more angulated and frequently interrupted, the costal 
 half projecting beyond the dorsal half, it is dark-margined on both 
 sides, as is also the third fascia, which is still more angulated and the 
 prolongation of its angle forms the apical streak, which is ochreous- 
 golden, witli only a few black scales ; the two costal spots run into the 
 apical streak and have dark margins externally ; a black hinder mar- 
 ginal line goes round the apex of the wing; cilia white, the extremities 
 of the costal half black, thus forming a hook. Posterior wings very 
 pale grey, with whitish cilia. 
 
 Appears iu May and August. The larva feeds in oak-leaves. 
 It lias occurred at Oxford, Shrewsbury, and near London. 
 
 3. Amyotella, Dup. L. F. xi. 544. pi. 309. f. 2 (1838); Zell. 
 L. E. i. 180. pi. 1. f. 7; v. Nicelli; Sircom. — Mnlleriella, Zell. Isis, 
 1839. Alis auticis croceis, strigulis duabus costa?, tribus dorsi obliquis 
 albis, prima costae in medio, prima secundaque dorsi utrinque fusco- 
 marginatis, secunda tertiaque dorsi introrsum fusco-marginatis, striola 
 apicis nigra, squamis supra earn albis ad caudulam fuscam ciliorum 
 propagatis. Exp. al. 4 lin. 
 
 Head saffron-yellow. Face and palpi white. Antennae whitish, an- 
 nulated with fuscous. Anterior wings bright saffron-yellow, with two 
 costal and three dorsal streaks white ; the first costal streak is near the 
 middle and is opposite the second dorsal streak, it is dark-margined on 
 both sides; the two first dorsal streaks are dark-margined on both 
 sides, the apex of the second is considerably prolonged ; the second 
 
268 LITHOCOLLETIDd!. 
 
 costal is opposite the third dorsal streak, they ore dark-margined in- 
 ternally j in the apex of the wing is a black streak, above it are some 
 white scales which run into the fuscous hook of the cilia ; a dark 
 hinder-marginal line runs round the apex of the wing ; cilia pale ochre- 
 ous. Posterior wings grey, with paler cilia. 
 
 Appears in May and August. The larva feeds in oak-leaves. 
 It has occurred near Bristol, and near Keswick. 
 
 4. Lantanella, Schr. F. B. ii. 136. 1888 (1802).— elatella, Zell. 
 L. E. i. 190. pi. i. f. 12; Sta. Alis anticis dilute croceis, linca basali 
 utrinque nigro-marginata, singulis quatuor costa:, tribus dorsi intror- 
 sum fusco-marginatis, argentpo-albis, striola apicis elongata atra. Exp. 
 al. 4 lin. 
 
 Head pale saffron. Face and palpi white. Antenna? whitish, with 
 darker ammlations. Anterior wings shining, pale saffron, with a basal 
 streak, four costal and three dorsal streaks silvery-white ; the basal 
 streak is dark-margined towards the costa, and its hinder half is dark- 
 margined towards the inner margin ; the costal spots are all small and 
 have dark margins towards the base of the wing ; the first dorsal spot 
 is the longest, it is curved, it is dark-margined internally and round its 
 apex, which is rather prolonged as a black streak ; the second dorsal spot 
 is triangular, it is dark-margined on both sides ; the apical black streak 
 is rather long and thin, and has frequently on its upper side white 
 scales, forming a continuation of the fourth costal spot. Posterior 
 wings grey, with paler cilia. 
 
 Appears in May and August. The larva feeds in the under- 
 side of the leaves of Viburnum Lantana ; the autumnal larvse do 
 not change to pupa; till spring. It has occurred at Mickleham, 
 and near Teignmouth. 
 
 5. triguttella, Sta. Zool. 1850, p. 2896. Alis anticis croceis, linea 
 tenui basali utrinque fusco-marginata, strigulis tribus costa, tribus dorsi, 
 introrsum fusco-marginatis, albis, squamis fuscis disci pone medium, 
 striola apicis nigra. Exp. al. 4 lin. 
 
 Head pale saffron. Face and palpi white. Anterior wings shining 
 saffron, the basal streak rather slender, dark-margined on both sides ; on 
 the costa are three white streaks {a fourth is totally wanting), and three 
 others are on the inner margin, are all dark-margined towards the base, 
 the first pair most strongly ; some dark scales lie on the disc beyond 
 the middle ; beyond the apex of the third costal streak commences the 
 apical black streak ; some dark scales in the cilia run round the apex 
 of the wing. Posterior wings leaden-grey ; cilia paler. 
 
 A single specimen, taken at Sanderstead in May, by Mr. 
 Douglas, is in his collection. 
 
 6. quinqueguttella, Sta. Sup. Cat. p. 12 (1851). Alis anticis 
 croceis, linea basali argenteo-alba, utrinque fusco-marginata, strigula ad 
 
LITHOCOLLETIS. 269 
 
 costam applicata prope basim fusco-marginata, strigulis quatuor costa;, 
 tribus dorsi, introrsum fusco-marginatis, argenteo-albis, striola apicis 
 nigra. Exp. al. 3 tin. 
 
 Head saffron. Pace and palpi white. Antenna; fuscous, with whitish 
 Simulations. Anterior wings bright saffron, basal streak silvery-white, 
 dark-margined on both sides ; above it along the costa is a silvery-while 
 streak, quite detached from the next costal spot and with a distinct 
 dark margin; beyond are the ordinary four costal and three dorsal 
 spots, all internally dark-margined, except the last costal spot, which is 
 situated in the apex immediately above the apical black streak ; below 
 it are some black scales in the cilia reaching to the anal angle. Pos- 
 terior wings grey, with paler cilia. 
 
 Taken among sallows in May and July, by Mr. Hodgkinson 
 and Mr. C. S. Gregson. 
 
 7. nigrescentella, Logan, Ent. Trans, i. n. s. 182. pi. xv. f. 9 
 (1851). Alis anticis fusco-nigris, linea basali ulringue fusco-marginata 
 argentea, strigulis quatuor costa;, tribus dorsi argenleis, prima costse 
 cum prima ac secunda dorsi confluente, puncto apicis ovato nigro. 
 Exp.al. 4-J lin. 
 
 Head brownish-black. Face and palpi metallic. Antenna? brownish- 
 black, the tip white. Anterior wings dark brown, inclining to black ; 
 the silvery basal streak is dark-margined on both sides ,• on the costa 
 are four silvery spots, and on the inner margin are three, none are 
 dark-margined ; the first pair of spots meeting form an angulated fas- 
 cia, and the apex of the dorsal spot is continued towards the apex of 
 the second costal spot ; the apical black spot is slightly of an oval 
 form (very nearly round). Posterior wings brownish-grey ; cilia paler, 
 striking paler at their origin. 
 
 A single specimen, taken near Morpeth in May, by Mr. Scott. 
 
 8. irradiella, Scott, n. sp. Alis anticis olivaceo-fuscis, linea basali 
 tenui abbrcviata argentea, strigulis tribus abbreviatis costa;, tribus 
 dorsi (ultima parva) argenleis, apicc atro-squamato. Exp. al. 3 lin. 
 
 Head black. Pack and palpi silvery. Antenna; dark fuscous, be- 
 fore the apex white. Anterior wings olivaceous-fuscous, with a slender, 
 short, silvery basal streak, and three short costal streaks and three dor- 
 sal streaks silvery ; the last dorsal streak is small and inconspicuous ; 
 at the apex are a few black scales, beyond which the cilia are rather 
 iridescent ; beyond the dark hinder-marginal line the cilia are fuscous. 
 Posterior wings dark grey, with paler cilia. 
 
 A single specimen, taken by Mr. Scott in the beginning of 
 July, near Renfrew, amongst birches. Mr. Scott, with the view 
 that the information to be derived from the sight of the unique 
 specimens of this and the preceding species, might be more 
 widely disseminated than if they remained in his own collection, 
 has with extreme liberality placed them in mine. 
 
270 LITHOCOLLETIDVE. 
 
 9. lautella, Zell. L. E. i. 194. pi. 1. f. 14 (1846) ; Sta.; v. Nicelli. 
 Alis anticis rufo-aurantiis, lines basalt abbreviata argeutea, utrinque 
 nigro-iiiargintilu, strigulis quatuor costs (ultima interdum obsoleta) 
 duabus dorsi argenteis, introrsum nigro-marginatis, prima costso, duabus- 
 que dorsi utrinque nigro-marginatis, squamis nonuullis argenteis supra 
 angidura analcm, striola apicis ovata nigra. Exp. al. 3^-4 lin. 
 
 Head black. Face and palpi metallic. Antenna: black, before the 
 apex white. Anterior wings very bright reddish-orange, with a short 
 silvery basal streak dark-margined on both sides ; from the costa are 
 four silvery streaks (the last frequently obsolete), the first is dark-mar- 
 gined on both sides, the others only on the side towards the base of 
 the wing ; on the inner margin are two silvery streaks, dark-margined 
 on both sides, the first is almost perpendicular and nearly meets the first 
 costal streak ; above the anal angle are a few silvery scales ; the apical 
 black streak is somewhat oval, but not very distinct ; cilia beyond the 
 dark hinder-marginal line grey. Posterior wings dark grey, with paler 
 cilia. 
 
 Appears in May and August. The larva feeds in oak-leaves ; 
 it forms an elongate, very fine cocoon. 
 
 10. pomifoliella, Zell. L. E. i. 196. pi. i. f. IB (1846) ; Sta.— 
 var. ? Junoniella, Sta. Alis anticis croceis, linea basali posticc acute 
 lerminala, costam versus fusco-marginata, alba, strigulis quatuor costa?, 
 tribus dorsi introrsum, prima costaj, prima sccundaque dorsi utrinque 
 fusco-marginatis, albis, striola apicis obsoleta nigra. Exp. al. 3-4 lin. 
 
 Head bright saffron-yellow. Face and palpi white. Antenna; white, 
 annulated with fuscous. Hinder tarsi whitish, spotted with dark fus- 
 cous. Anterior wings bright saffron-yellow, varying to golden-brown ; 
 the basal streak is white, it gradually thickens to beyond its middle 
 and then terminates in a point; the side towards the costa and the under- 
 side of the apex are dark-margined; on the costa are four wlute streaks 
 and on the inner margin are three, all are internally dark-margined ; 
 the first costal and two first dorsal streaks are dark-margined on both 
 sides ; beyond these are some dark scales on the disc, and at the apex 
 of the wing is an obscure black streak. Posterior wings grey, with 
 paler cilia. 
 
 Abundant in May and August. The larva mines the underside 
 of the leaves of whitethorn (and apple ?) . 
 
 11. Coryli, v. Nicelli, Ent. Ztg. 1851, p. 26; Sta. Alis anticis 
 ochreis vel oehreo-brunneis, linea basali nivea, noti obscure margiuala, 
 strigulis quatuor costae, tribus dorsi niveis introrsum fusco-marginatis, 
 striola apicis nigra. Exp. al. 3j lin. 
 
 Head dull ochrcous. Face and palpi white. Antennae white, faintly 
 annulated with pale fuscous. Hinder tarsi white, spotted with dark 
 fuscous. Anterior wings ochreous or ochrcous-brown, with a straight 
 snowy-white basal streak with no dart margin, and with four costal and 
 
LITHOCOLLETIS. 271 
 
 three dorsal streaks snowy-white, dark-margined towards the base of 
 the wing ; the apical black streak is rather short. Posterior wings 
 grey, with paler cilia. 
 
 Abundant in May and August. The larva mines the upper side 
 of the leaves of the nut ; the large white blotches it makes are 
 very conspicuous ; when full-fed it causes the leaf to pucker very 
 considerably, consequently, by the distortion of the leaf, the age 
 of the larva may be known. 
 
 12. spinicolella (Kollar), Zell. L. E. i. 203. Anm. 1 (1846).— 
 Pomonella (spinicolella), Sta. — var.? Pomonella (dejlexelld), Sta. Alia 
 anticis dilute croceis, linea tenui basali alba, costam versus fusco-mar- 
 ginatis, strigulis quatuor cost», tribus dorsi iutrorsuin fusco-marginatis, 
 striola apicis nigra. Exp. al. 3-3 i Lin. 
 
 Head pale saffron. Face and palpi white. Antenna} white, with 
 faintly darker annulations. Hinder tarsi white, unspotted. Anterior 
 wings shining pale saffron-yellow, with a slender white basal streak 
 dark-margined towards the costa, and with four costal aud three dorsal 
 streaks white, with dark margins (sometimes very faint) towards the 
 base of the wing ; the apical streak is ovate and blackish. Posterior 
 wings pale grey, with paler cilia. 
 
 Common in August. The larva mines the underside of the 
 sloe-leaves in July. The variety? deflexella (which differs only 
 in having the anterior wings irrorated with pale fuscous, and the 
 basal streak deflected into the first dorsal streak,) is common 
 among sloe-bushes in May; it is probably only the other brood 
 of spinicolella. 
 
 13. Faginella (Mann), Zell. L. E. i. 204. Anm. hi. (1846); Sta. 
 — -fagifoliella, Sircom. — Pomonella, Sta. (Zool. 1848); v. Nicclli. — var. 
 securifcrella, Sta. — Mcesttngella, Miillcr? Alis anticis dilute croceis, 
 linea basali alba non obscure marginata, strigulis quatuor dorsi, intror- 
 sum late fusco-marginatis albis, striola apicis nigra. Exp. al. 3|-4$ 
 lin. 
 
 Head pale saffron-yellow. Pace and palpi white. Antenna? white, 
 annulatcd with very pale fuscous. Hinder tarsi entirely whitish, or 
 spotted with very pale fuscous. Anterior wings pale saffron-yellow, 
 with a straight, immargined, white basal streak, and with four costal and 
 three dorsal white streaks, which have distinct and broad dark margins 
 towards the base of the wing ; between the second pair of spots are 
 frequently some dark scales on the disc; the black apical streak is 
 rather oval. Posterior wings pale grey, with ochreous-grey cilia. 
 
 Abundant in May and August. The larva mines the under- 
 side of the beech-leaves in autumn and July. 
 
 14. salicicolella, Sircom, Zool. 1848, p. 2271; Sta. — Caprmella, 
 v. Nicelli. Alis anticis dilute ochreis vel ochrco-brunneis, linea basali 
 
272 LITUOCOLLETID^E. 
 
 tenuissima alba non obscure marginala, strigulis quatuor costfe, tribus 
 dorsi introrsum fusco-marginatis, albis albidisve, squamis sparsis nigris 
 disci, puncto ovato apicis nigro. Exp. al. 3 i— 4J . 
 
 Head saffron-yellow, more or less mixed with brownish. Face and 
 palpi white. Antennas whitish, with darker annulations, before the 
 apex white. Hinder tarsi whitish, sometimes spotted pale fuscous. 
 Anterior wings shining pale saffron-yellow, or ochreous-brown, with a 
 very slender, unmargined, white or whitish basal streak ; on the inner 
 margin near the base is an inconspicuous white spot or streak, which 
 does not reach the basal streak ; on the costa are four and on the inner 
 margin are three white or whitish streaks, all are dark-margined to- 
 wards the base of the wing ; the first pair of spots frequently unite and 
 form an angulated fascia ; between these and the third pair of spots 
 are numerous black scales on the disc ; at the apex is an ovate, rarely 
 streak-formed black spot. Posterior wings pale grey, with ochreous- 
 grey cilia. 
 
 This species is susceptible of considerable variation ; it is com- 
 mon in May and August. The larva mines the underside of the 
 leaves of the sallow in autumn and July. 
 
 15. viminetorum, n. sp. Alis anticis ochreo-brunneis, linea ba- 
 sali tenuissima alba, non obscure marginata, cum apice trianguli dorsalis 
 albi (non obscure marginati) confluente, fascia angulata in medio, stri- 
 gulis tribus costa?, duabus dorsi albis, puncto ovato apicis nigro. Exp. 
 al. 3^-4J lin. 
 
 Head saffron-yellow, mixed with brownish. Face and palpi 
 whitish. Antenna; whitish, with darker annulations, the apex white. 
 Anterior wings dull ochreous-brown, with a very slender, unmargined, 
 white basal streak ; on the inner margin near the base is an unmar- 
 gined while triangle, the apex of which reaches to the basal streak ; in 
 the middle is an angulated white fascia, slightly margined with dark 
 scales internally ; beyond are three costal and two dorsal white streaks, 
 the first pair of which only are distinct, and internally dark-margined ; 
 at the apex is an ovate black spot. Posterior wings grey, with paler cilia. 
 
 I bred many hundreds of this from larvae mining in the under- 
 side of the leaves of the osier in autumn ; all the specimens thus 
 bred, though showing some slight variation, are constant in their 
 differences from the preceding, and I cannot but think it speci- 
 fically distinct. 
 
 16. Carpinicolella, Sta. Sup. Cat. p. 13 (1851). — ilicifoliella, 
 Sta. (Zool. 1848). — Mespilella, Haw.? Step.? Alis anticis dilute cro- 
 ceis, linea basali recta alba non obscure marginata, strigulis quatuor 
 costse, tribus dorsi albis, introrsum fusco-marginatis, prima costa ex- 
 cepta, quae per costam basim versus producta est. Exp. al. 4 lin. 
 
 Head pale saffron. Face and palpi white. Antennae whitish, an- 
 nulated with pale fuscous. Hinder tarsi whitish, spotted with dark 
 
LITH0C0L1,ETIS. 273 
 
 fuscous. Anterior wings pale saffron-yellow, with a straight white un- 
 margined basal streak, and four costal and three dorsal white streaks ; 
 all these have dark margins towards the base of the wing, except the 
 first costal streak, which is continued along the costa towards the base of 
 the wing ; at the apex is a short black streak. Posterior wings pale 
 grey, with ochreous-grey cilia. 
 
 Not uncommon in May and August. The larva mines in the 
 upper side of the leaves of the hornbeam in autumn and J ulv. 
 
 17. ulmifoliella, Hub. .Tin. 444 (1816); Treit.; Dup.; Zell. 
 L. E. i. 210. pi. 1. f. 18 ; Sta. ; v. Nicelli. Alis anticis saturate cro- 
 ceis, linea basali recta albida coslam versus nigro-marginata, fascia an- 
 gulata ante medium, strigulis tribus costa: (terlia apicali), duabus dorsi, 
 introrsum nigro-marginatis, albidis, punclo rotunda apicis atro. Exp. 
 al. 4 lin. 
 
 Head dark saffron or brownish. Face white, inclining to metallic. 
 Palpi white. Antennas fuscous, before the apex white. Anterior wings 
 deep saffron, inclining to brownish, with a straight, rather short, whitish 
 basal streak, dark-margined toioards the costa, with an angulatcd whitish 
 fascia, internally dark-margined ; beyond are three costal and two dorsal 
 whitish streaks, internally dark-margined ; the last costal streak is im- 
 mediately over the round apical black spot. Posterior wings grey, with 
 paler cilia. 
 
 Abundant in May and August. The larva mines the under- 
 side of the leaves of the birch in autumn and July. 
 
 18. Spinolella, Dup. L. F. xi. 535. pi. 308. f. 8 (1838) ; Sta. ; 
 v. Nicelli. — hilarella, Zett. ? Alis anticis croceis, paullulum griseo-irro- 
 ratis, linea brevi basali alba non obscure marginala, fascia arcuata ante, 
 strigulis tribus costa;, duabus dorsi pone medium, introrsum fusco-mar- 
 ginatis, albis, squamis nigris disci, striola apicis ovata nigra. Exp. al. 
 3i-4i lin. 
 
 Head yellowish-white. Face and palpi white. Antenna; whitish, 
 annulated with fuscous, before the apex white. Anterior wings saffron- 
 yellow, more or less suffused with grey, with a short unmargined white 
 basal streak, a slightly-curved white fascia before the middle, internally 
 dark-margined, and beyond the middle three costal and two dorsal 
 white streaks, internally dark-margined ; between the first pair of 
 spots are some dark scales on the disc ; the apical black spot is rather 
 small and oval. Posterior wings grey, with paler cilia. 
 
 Local ; it occurs at Bristol, Iluddersfield, and in the south of 
 Scotland. Common in May and August. The larva mines in 
 the leaves of the sallow in autumn and July. 
 
 19. quercifoliella (F. v. It.), Zell. Isia, L839, p. 217 ; Id. L. E. 
 i. 218. pi. 1. f. 22 ; Sta. ; v. Nicelli; Dup. ?—Harmella, var. 0, Haw. 
 — Harrisella, Step.? Alis anticis dilute croceis vol pallide oohreis, 
 linea basali longa, hand pallidiore, utrinque f/isco-margina/a, strigulis 
 
 VOL. III. 2 N 
 
274 LITHOCOLLETID/E. 
 
 quatuor costae, tribus dorsi, introrsum fusco-marginatis, albidis, puncto 
 apicis rotundo atro. Exp. al. 3J-4 lin. 
 
 Head pale saffron-yellow. Face and palpi silvery-white. Antennae 
 yellowish, annulated with fuscous. Anterior wings pale saffron-yellow 
 or very pale ochrcous, with a basal line of the ground-colour, dark-mar- 
 gined on both sides, terminating in the fold beyond the middle, and with 
 four costal and three dorsal streaks paler, internally with dark margins ; 
 the first costal streak is dark-margined on both sides; between the 
 second and third pairs of streaks arc some dark scales on the disc ; the 
 black apical spot is round. Posterior wings grey, with paler cilia. 
 
 Abundant in May and August. The larva mines the underside 
 of the leaves of the oak in autumn and July. 
 
 20. Messaniella, Zell. L. E. i. 221. pi. 1. f. 23 (1846); Sta. 
 Alis anticis dilute croceis, tinea basali hand pallidiore, utrhique fusco- 
 ■marginata, strigulis quatuor costae, tribus dorsi {prima longa, apice ultra 
 secundum produclo), introrsum fusco-marginatis albidis, puncto apicis 
 rotundo atro. Exp. al. 4-4 \ lin. 
 
 Head saffron-yellow. Face and palpi whitish. Antennas whitish, 
 annulated with fuscous. Anterior wings saffron-yellow, with a straight 
 basal line hardly paler than the ground-colour, dark-margined on both 
 sides, terminating before the middle, and with four costal and three 
 dorsal streaks yellowish-white; the first costal is dark-margined on 
 both sides, the others only internally; the first dorsal streak is very 
 long and curved, its apex reaching over the apex of the second dorsal spot, 
 its apical half is dark-margined on both sides, the other spots are only 
 dark-margined internally ; the third dorsal spot is very indistinct ; the 
 black apical spot is round. Posterior wings grey, with paler cilia. 
 
 Very abundant in the south of England, appearing in May, 
 August, and November. The larva mines by preference the un- 
 derside of the leaves of the evergreen oak, during the winter and 
 spring, and in July and October, but it also feeds on oak, horn- 
 beam, chestnut, etc. 
 
 21. corylifoliella, Haw. L. P. 580 (1829); Step.; Sta.; Hub.? 
 — ulmifoliella, Step. ? Alis anticis ochiro-rufis, tinea lenuissima basali, 
 strigulis oppositis obliquis tenuissimis in medio, strigula parva dorsi 
 prope angulum analem, strigulaque minore costae apiccm versus, albidis, 
 striola apicis cinerca. Exp. al. 4-J- lin. 
 
 Head reddish-ochreous. Face and palpi whitish. Antennae whitish, 
 annulated with fuscous. Hinder tarsi whitish, spotted with dark fus- 
 cous. Anterior wings reddish-ochreous, with a very slender unmargined 
 whitish basal streak ; in the middle are two very slender obliquely-placed 
 opposite whitish streaks; both are preceded by a few dark scales, which 
 are continued along the margins towards the base of the wing ; beyond 
 the streak arc two (sometimes united) dark grey patches, one on the 
 costa, the other beneath the apex of the dorsal streak, this is frequently 
 continued towards the apex of the wing'; on the inner margin near the 
 
LITHOCOLLETIS. 275 
 
 anal angle is a small whitish spot, preceded by a few dark scales, and 
 on the costa near the apex is a still smaller whitish spot. Posterior 
 wings dark grey, with paler cilia. 
 
 Common in the south of England, in May and August. The 
 larva mines the upper side of the leaves of the hawthorn, forming 
 of it one large blister, and by the contraction of the upper side, 
 when full-fed, completely folding the leaf; it may be met with in 
 autumn, and in July. 
 
 22. Caledoniella, Sta. Sup. Cat. p. 12 (1851). Alis anticis 
 ochraceo-rufis, poslice nigro-sijuamatis, linea tenuissima basali, strigulis 
 oppositis obliquis tcnuissimis in medio, strigula parva dorsi ad augulum 
 analem, strigulaque minore costs; apiccm versus albis, striola apicis 
 nigra. Exp. al. 4-J lin. 
 
 Head reddish-ochreous. Face and palpi white. Antenna; whitish, 
 with darker anmilations. Hinder tarsi whitish, unspotted. Anterior 
 wings reddish-ochreous, posteriorly much suffused with black scales, with 
 a very slender uninargined white basal streak ; in the middle are two 
 very slender obliquely-placed opposite white streaks, internally broadly 
 margined with black scales, externally the black scales form an angulated 
 fascia, from the angle of which produced the apical streak is formed ; 
 there is a small white spot at the anal angle, and another immediately 
 above the apical streak. Posterior wings grey, with paler cilia. 
 
 Has occurred, though sparingly, in the north of England and 
 south of Scotland, in May and June, among oaks and honey- 
 suckle. 
 
 23. viminiella, Sircom, Zool. 1848, p. 2271; Sta. Alis anticis 
 obscure ochreis, linea tenui basali, strigulis quntuor costa?, tribus dorsi 
 dilutioribus, secunda costa;, secundaque dorsi introrsum fusco-margina- 
 tis, tertia quartaque costa;, tcrtiaquc dorsi obsolctissimis, squamis nigris 
 disci in striolam Digram apicis exeuntibus. Exp. al. 4 lin. 
 
 Head ochieous. Face and palpi white. Antenna; whitish, annulated 
 with pale fuscous. Hinder tarsi whitish, with faint fuscous spots. 
 Anterior wings dull-ochreous, with a slender basal streak, four costal 
 and three dorsal streaks very pale ochreons ; the second pair of streaks 
 are internally dark-margined, and some dark scales at their apices are 
 continued to the apical black streak ; the two last costal streaks and 
 the third dorsal streak are frequently very indistinct. Posterior wings 
 grey, with ochreous-grey cilia. 
 
 Rare near London ; common in the west of England (Bristol 
 and Devonshire), in May and August. The larva mines the un- 
 derside of the leaves of the sallow, in autumn and July. 
 
 24. Scopariella (Tischer), Zell. L. E. i. 227. pi. 1. f. 2G (1846); 
 Sta. Alis anticis obscure croceis, linea tenui basali, sape cum strigula 
 prima coslie conjuncla, strigulis quatuor costa;, tribus dorsi albis, striola 
 parva apicis nigra. Exp. al. 3j-4 lin. 
 
I 
 
 276 LITIIOCOLLETID^E. 
 
 Head whitish, mixed with ochreous. Face and palpi white. An- 
 tenna; with pale fuscous aimulations. Anterior wings dull saffron-yel- 
 low, with a slender basal streak, lour costal and three dorsal streaks, 
 white and immargined ; the basal streak is at first straight, but after- 
 wards turns towards the costa, and frequently unites with the first costal 
 streak, which is obliquely placed and rather long, frequently uniting 
 with the first dorsal streak ; between the apices of the second pair of 
 streaks arc some dark scales, and a small black streak is in the apex of 
 the wing ; cilia pale ochreous and whitish, with no dark hinder-marginal 
 line. Posterior wings grey, with paler cilia. 
 
 Occurs among broom in June and July. I have met with it 
 at Dartford Heath, and near Airthrey. 
 
 25. ulicicolella (Vaughan), Sta. Sup. Cat. p. 12 (1851). Alis 
 anticis nitidis, croceis, linea tenui basali, strigulis quatuor costa;, tribus 
 dorsi nitidis albis, striola parva apicis nigra. Exp. al. 3i [in. 
 
 Head saffron-yellow. Face and palpi white. Antenna; dark fus- 
 cous, with paler simulations, before the apex white. Anterior wings 
 shining saffron-yellow, with a basal streak, four costal and three dorsal 
 streaks shining white and immargined ; the basal streak is slender, and 
 runs near the costa, and almost parallel to it ; the costal streaks are all 
 short ; the first dorsal streak is long, obliquely placed, reaching beyond 
 the middle of the wing; between the third pair of spots are a' few dark 
 scales ; at the apex is a small black streak ; a dark hinder marginal line 
 goes round the apex of the wing ; cilia grey. Posterior wings grey, with 
 ochreous-grey cilia. 
 
 Discovered by Mr. Vaughan among furze-bushes, near Bristol, 
 at the end of June. I have since found it among furze-bushes 
 on Dartford I loath, in July. 
 
 26. alnifoliella, Hub. Tin. 193 (1801); Dup. ; Sta.—Jlniella, 
 Zell. L. E. i. 229. pi. 1. f. 27 ; v. Nicelli.— Vramerella, Fab. (G. I.) ? 
 Dup. ? Alis anticis albidis fuscisve, linea basali latiuscula alba, costam 
 versus fusco-marginata, strigulis quatuor costse, tribus dorsi albis, in- 
 trorsum fusco-marginatis, punclo rotundo apicis atro. Exp. al. 3^-4 
 lin. 
 
 Head whitish or dark brown. Face and palpi white. Antenna; 
 whitish, with darker annulations. Anterior wings varying in colour from 
 whitish to dark fuscous, with a basal streak, four costal and three dor- 
 sal streaks white ; the basal streak is rather broad, gradually pointed, 
 nearer to the costa than to the inner margin, towards the costa it is 
 dark-margined, the coslal and dorsal streaks are all dark-margined to- 
 wards the base of the wing ; the first costal streak is dark-margined on 
 both sides, it is long, reaching more than half across the wing ; the first 
 dorsal streak is very broad at its base, not reaching as far across the 
 wing as the second dorsal streak ; the apical spot is round and black. 
 Posterior wings grey, with paler cilia. 
 
 Abundant in May and August. The larva mines the under- 
 
LITIIOCOLLETIS. 277 
 
 side of the leaves of alders in autumn and July ; it constructs a 
 firm cocoon of an ochreous colour. 
 
 27. Heegeriella, Zell. L. E. i. 232. pi. 1. f. 28 (1846); Sta.; 
 v. Nicelli. — tenella, Sta. Zool. 1848, p. 2 152. Alis anticis albis, linea 
 basalt fusca, liiicis qualuor costoe, tribus dorsi fuscis, introrsuin fus- 
 oesoente marginatis, punoto ovato apioia atro. Exp. al. 3i lin. 
 
 Head, face, palpi, and antennas white. Anterior wings white, with 
 a brownisli-black basal line, and four similarly coloured lines from 
 the costa, and Ihree from the inner margin, all more or less broadly 
 bordered internally with pale fuscous, their exterior margins being 
 white ; the black apical spot is oval. Posterior wings pale grey, with 
 whitish cilia. 
 
 Not uncommon, appearing in May and August. The larva 
 mines in the leaves of the oak in autumn and July. 
 
 28. Cramerella, Fab. E. S. iii. 2. 327. 173 (1794); Haw.; Step.; 
 Zell. ; Sta. ; v. Nicelli. Alis anticis albidis, lineis tribus costoe, duabus 
 dorsi fusco-nigiis, introrsum fuscescente-marginatis, punclo rotundo api- 
 cis atro. Exp. al. 3-J-4-J- lin. 
 
 Head, face, palpi, and antenna; white. Anterior wings pearly-white, 
 with three dark fuscous lines from the costa and two from the inner 
 margin, all internally bordered with pale fuscous, sometimes very 
 broadly, thus making the apical half of the wing pale fuscous, with 
 merely white spots on the exterior margins of these lines ; the black 
 apical spot is round. Posterior wings grey, with paler cilia. 
 
 Very abundant in May and August. The larva mines the 
 underside of the leaves of the oak in autumn and July ; owing to 
 the number' of the oak-feeding species, the individual mines of 
 each have not yet been sufficiently distinguished. Looking at 
 the infinite variety in every department of nature, it is probable 
 that the mine of each species has some distinctive peculiarity. 
 
 29. tenella, Zell. L. E. i. 236. pi. 1. f. 30 (1846) ; Sta. Alis 
 anticis albis, strigulis qualuor costsc, tribus dorsi ochraceo-fcavidis, ex- 
 trorsum fusco-marginatis, linea apicis postice incrassata atra. Exp. al. 
 3* lin. 
 
 Head whitish. Face and palpi white. Antenna) whitish, annulnted 
 with fuscous. Anterior wings white or whitish, with four yellowish 
 streaks from the costa, and three from the inner margin, all are exter- 
 nally dnrk-margined ; at the apex is a short black streak, internally 
 pointed, externally rounded ; above and below it the wing is entirely 
 ochreous. Posterior wings pale grey, with paler cilia. 
 
 Not scarce in May and August. The larva mines the under- 
 side of the leaves of the hornbeam in autumn and July. 
 
 30. sylvella, Haw. L. B. 579 (1829); Step.; Sta.— acerifoliel/a, 
 Zell. L. B. i. 239. pi. 1. f. 32, 33. — acernella, Dup. Alis anticis albis 
 
278 MTIIOCOLLETIDVE. 
 
 strigis duabus (uscis, faseiis duabus ochraceis angulatis fusco-marginatis, 
 secunda postice cum tertia recta cohaarente, maculis parvis ochraeeo- 
 fuscis, duabus costae, una dorsi striola apicis nigra. Exp. al. 3-4 liu. 
 
 Head whitish. Pace and palpi white. Antennae whitish, annnlated 
 with dark fuscous. Anterior wings white ; at the extreme base are 
 one or two dark fuscous spots, beyond are two transverse dark fuscous 
 streaks ; a little before the middle is an angulated ochreous-brown fascia, 
 followed by a second more acutely angulated, frequently with a project- 
 ing tooth towards the previous fascia, both these are dark-margined on 
 both sides ; meeting the angle of the second fascia is a straight, rather 
 oblique third fascia, less distinctly dark-margined ; beyond are two 
 small ochreous-brown spots on the costa, and one on the inner margin ; 
 the apical black streak is long and narrow. Posterior wings grey, with 
 paler cilia. 
 
 Common in May and August. The larva mines the underside 
 of the leaves of the maple in autumn and July ; it is almost in- 
 variably at the edge of the leaf. 
 
 31. emberizsepennella, Bouche, Natur. 132 (1834) ; Zell. L. E. 
 i. 241. pi. ]. f. 34; Sta. ; v. Nicelli; Dougl. Ent. Trans, ii. n. s. 122. 
 pi. 13. f. 3; Dup.? Alis anticis croceis, tinea abbreviala basali albida, 
 faseiis duabus, priore arcuata, secunda angulata, albidis, introrsum ni- 
 gro-marginatis, strigulis duabus costa;, tribus dorsi albidis, prima costs; 
 primaque dorsi introrsum nigro-marginatis, squamis inter eas nonmillis 
 nigris disci apicem versus. Exp. al. 4-5 lin. 
 
 Head ochreous-satfron. Pace and palpi white. Antenna; whitish, 
 with darker cumulations. Anterior wings saffron-yellow, with a very 
 short, unmargined, whitish basal streak; immediately beyond it is a 
 slightly curved whitish fascia, and in the middle is an angulated whitish 
 fascia, both are internally dark-margined ; beyond are two costal, and 
 three dorsal whitish streaks, the first pair arc internally dark-margined, 
 and between them are some black scales on the disc continued towards 
 the apex. Posterior wings grey, with ochrcous cilia. 
 
 Not scarce in the larva state ; the perfect insect is less fre- 
 quently met with. It appears in May and August; the larva 
 mines the underside of the leaves of the honeysuckle, making its 
 mine nearly as large as the leaf, which it docs not contort at a 
 right angle laterally. 
 
 32. Frilichiella, Zell. Isis, 1839, p. 218 ; Id.L.E. i. 243. pi. 1. 
 f. 35; v. Nicelli; Sta. Zool. 1851; Dup.? Alis anticis latioribus, sa- 
 turate croceis (basi pallidiore), faseiis tribus argenteo-tlavidis (prima se- 
 cundaque fere rectis, tertia angulata e maculis duabus oppositis com- 
 posita), strigulis duabus costa;, una dorsi introrsum fusco-marginatis, 
 striola apicis obscura. Exp. al. 4^ liu. 
 
 Head reddish-orange. Pace and palpi white. Antenna? dark brown, 
 with paler annulations, the tip whitish. Anterior wings rather broad, 
 
LITHOCOLLETIS. 279 
 
 reddish-orange (the extreme base paler), with three yellowish-silvery 
 fascia; ; the first slightly curved, the second nearly straight, the third 
 distinctly angulated, composed of two opposite spots, between the 
 apices of which are some dark scales, all these are dark-margined to- 
 wards the base of the wing, and their dark margins fade gradually into 
 the ground-colour ; beyond are two small silvery streaks on the costa 
 and one at the anal angle ; Ike dark apical streak is not collected into a 
 regular form. Posterior wings grey, with paler cilia. 
 
 Hitherto very scarce in this country ; I once took a specimen near 
 York, among alders in May. The larva (according to v. Nicelli) 
 mines the underside of the leaves of alders. 
 
 33. Dunningiella, Sta. Ent. Ztg. 1852, p. 8S.—FrdlichielUt, 
 Sta. Zool. 1848. Alis anticis angustulis, rufo-brunneis, fasciis duabus 
 argenteo-flavidis fere rcctis, strigulis tribus costa?, duabus dorsi ar- 
 genteo-flavidis, introrsum fusco-marginatis, siriola apicis nigra. Exp. 
 al. 4 lin. 
 
 Head dark reddish-brown. Eace and palpi white. Antenna? dark 
 brown, the tip whitish. Anterior wings narrow, dark reddish-Arow» 
 (the extreme base paler), with two slightly curved fascia?, three costal 
 and tioo dorsal streaks silvery, yet rather of a yellowish tinge ; all these 
 markings are dark-margined on the side towards the base ; the first 
 costal streak is rather anterior to the first dorsal streak, hence they 
 have not so much the appearance of an angulated fascia as in Friili- 
 chiella ; the apical black streak is oval and more collected into a regular 
 form than in Frolichiella. Posterior wings grey, with paler cilia. 
 
 Appears in May and August; occurring in the vicinity of oaks 
 and nut-bushes. 
 
 34. Nicellii (Zell.), Sta. Zool. 1851, App. clxxii. — iristigella, v. 
 Nicelli. — Avellanella, Schr. ? Alis anticis nitidis Croatia, fasciis duabus 
 parum arcuatis, strigulis tribus costa3, duabus dorsi, argenteo-albidis, 
 introrsum fusco-marginatis, striola apicis elongato-ovato atro. Exp. al. 
 3i lin. 
 
 Head bright saffron. Face and palpi white. Antenna? whitish, an- 
 nulatcd with fuscous nearly to the tip. Anterior wings shining saffron, 
 with two slightly curved and one angulated silvery-whitish fasciae, in- 
 ternally narrowly margined with dark fuscous ; before the apex are 
 some black scales forming nearly an elongate-oval streak, above them 
 are two short silvery-whitish streaks from the costa, and beneath is a 
 smaller one from the anal angle. Posterior wings grey, with greyish- 
 ochreous cilia. 
 
 Hitherto scarce ; appears in May and August. The larva mines 
 the underside of the leaves of the nut in autumn and July. The 
 larva? have been found by Mr. Wilkinson near Hackney, and the 
 perfect insect bred by him. 
 
 35. Stettinensis, v. Nicelli, Ent. Ztg. 1852, p. 219. Alis anticis 
 
280 lithocolletidjE. 
 
 nitidis saturate rufo-aurantiis, fasciis duabus vix angnlatis ante, strigulis 
 tribus coslre, duabus dorsi pone medium, luteo-argenteis, introrsuin 
 fusco-marginatis, punclo apieis rolundo atro. Exp. al. 3-3* lin. 
 
 Head dark fuscous. Face and palpi silvery-grey. Antenna; dark 
 fuscous, the tip whitish. Anterior wings shining, deep reddish-orange, 
 towards the base rather obscured with fuscous, with two yellowish-silvery 
 slightly-angulatcd fasciae before the middle, internally dark-margined, 
 and beyond the middle witli three yellowish silvery streaks from the 
 cosla, and two from the inner margin, the last on each margin is very 
 minute, the others arc dark-margined towards the base of the wing; in 
 the apex is a round black spot. Posterior wings grey, with paler cilia. 
 
 Hitherto scarce ; appears in May and August. The larva (de- 
 tected last July by Mr. Boyd, and found in the autumn by Mr. 
 Wilkinson) mines the -upper side of the leaves of the alder; the 
 mine is rather small, and placed exactly along a rib (not as usually 
 between two ribs). 
 
 36. Klemannella, Fab. S. I. ii. 509 (1781) ; Haw. ; Step.; Hub. ? 
 — Kleemaunella, Zell. L. E. i. 244. pi. i. f. 36 ; v. Nicelli. Alis anti- 
 cis saturate fuscis, fasciis duabus fere rectis ante, strigulis duabus costre, 
 duabus dorsi pone medium, luteo-argenteis, introrsum fusco-marginatis, 
 punclo apieis rotunda atro. Exp. al. 2 J-3 lin. 
 
 Head dark fuscous. Face and palpi silvcry-grcy. Antenna; deep 
 fuscous, the tip whitish. Anterior wings shining dark fuscous, with 
 two yellowish-silvery nearly straight fascia; before the middle, internally 
 dark-margined, and beyond the middle with two costal and two dorsal 
 streaks, yellowish-silvery and dark-margined towards the base of the 
 wing ; the second dorsal streak is very small and indistinct ; in the 
 apex of the wing is a round black spot. Posterior wings grey, with 
 paler cilia. 
 
 Mr. Ilodgkinson has three specimens decidedly referable to 
 this species ; they were taken in company with Stettinensis. The 
 larva feeds (according to v. Nicelli) in the underside of alder- 
 leaves, its mine resembling that of alnifoliella. 
 
 37. Schreberella, Fab. S. I. ii. 304. 86 (1781); Haw.; Step.; 
 Sta. ; l)up. ? — Kleemaunella, Panzer. — ulminella, Zell. L. E. i. 246. pi. 
 1. f. 37 ; v. Nicelli. Alis anticis rufo-aurnutiis, basi obscuriore, fasciis 
 duabus argenteis, introrsum, slrigulaque poslica costsc utrinque nigro- 
 marginatis, singula dorsi argenlea usque ad slriolam apieis argenteo-fus- 
 cam producla. Exp. al. 3 lin. 
 
 Head black. Face and palpi metallic. Antennas black, the tip 
 white. Anterior wings rich reddish-orange, at the base almost black ; 
 an oblique and slightly-curved fascia before the middle, and an almost 
 straight fascia in the middle are silvery, and have dark margins towards 
 the base of the wing; on the costa at the commencement of the cilia 
 is a silvery-white streak, margined on both sides with black scales ; 
 
UTHOCOLLETTS. 281 
 
 opposite to it on the inner margin is a small silvery streak, terminating 
 in a metallic streak, which runs to the apex of the wings. Posterior 
 wings grey, with paler cilia. 
 
 Appears in May and August, but rarely met with in the perfect 
 state. The larva is excessively abundant, mining the under side 
 of the leaves of the elm in autumn and in July j it forms a bluish- 
 green cocoon. 
 
 38. tristrigella, Haw. L. B. 576 (1829); Step.; Sta.— var. 
 strigiftsciMa, Sta. Alis anticis ochreo- vel brunneo-rufis, fasciis tribus 
 albidis introrsum fusco-marginntis, duabus priori bus fere rectis, tertia 
 angulatn, ex anguh strigulam albidam costam versus emiltente, snuamis 
 nonnullis nigvia infra strigulam. Exp. al. 8i-4 lin. 
 
 Head reddish-ochreous. Pace and palpi white. Antenna; whitish, 
 annulated with fuscous, the tip white. Anterior wings reddish-oehre- 
 ous, inclining to brownish ; in the middle of the base is a small unmar- 
 gined yellowish spot, then follow three whitish fascia;, all with dark 
 margins internally, gradually shading off to the ground-colour, the two 
 first are nearly straight, the third is angulated, and from its angle a 
 whitish streak runs into the costa at the apex; beneath this streak lie 
 the apical black scales. Posterior wings grey, with paler cilia. 
 
 Not uncommon in May and August. It has been bred by Mr. 
 Grant and Mr. Dunning, from larva; found in elm-leaves in au- 
 tumn, and not distinguished at the time from the larvse of Schre- 
 beretta. I believe I have bred it both from elm and hawthorn ! 
 
 39. trifasciella, Haw. L. B. 576 (1829); Step.; Sta.; Dougl. 
 Ent. Trans, ii. n. s. 120. pi. 13. f. l.—alnifoliella, Step.— Heydeuii, 
 Zell. L. E. i. 247. pi. 1. f. 88. Alis anticis rufo-ochreis, fasciis tribus, 
 secunda tertiague angulatia, albidis, introrsum (ad costam latius) nigra 
 marginatis, strigula albida costa; apieem versus, strigula nigra ad an°u- 
 lum analem, striola parva apieis nigra. Exp. al. 4 lin. 
 
 Head reddish-ochreous. Face and palpi whitish. Antenna; whitish, 
 annulated with fuscous. Anterior wings reddish-ochreous, with three 
 slender whitish fascia;, bordered with black towards the base of the 
 wing, most broadly on the costa ; the first fascia is only slightly curved, 
 the second is angulated above the middle, the third is angulated ami 
 frequently interrupted in the middle, whence some black scales are 
 continued to the anal angle ; on the costa before the apex is a short 
 whitish streak, preceded by a few black scales ; below it are the blank 
 scales of the apex of the wing. Posterior wings grey, with paler cilia. 
 Common generally, but very abundant in Devonshire ; appears 
 in May, August, and November. The larva feeds in April, July, 
 and autumn, in the under side of the leaves of the honeysuckle ; 
 its mine is rather small, and it twists the leaf at a right angle. 
 
 40. Scabiosella, Dougl. Ent. Trans, ii. n. s. 121. pi. 13. f. 2. 
 Alis anticis nitidis cupreo-brunneis, linea basa/i brevi tenid alba, fasciis 
 VOL. III. 2 O 
 
282 LYONETIDiE. 
 
 duabus, secunda angulata, albis nitidis, introrsum (ad costam latius) 
 nigro-marginatis, strigulis duabus costa;, una dorsi (fere cum prima 
 costali cohasrente) albis, introrsum nigro-marginatis, strigula nigra ad 
 angulum analem, striola apicis nigra. Exp. al. 8 £-4 lin. 
 
 Head coppery-brown. Face silvery-grey. Palpi silvery-white. An- 
 tenna; dark fuscous, with paler annulations. Anterior wings shining 
 coppery-brown, with a very short and narrow unmargined white basal 
 streak, and with two shining while fascia?, the first nearly straight, the 
 second angulated above the middle, both are internally margined with 
 black scales, most broadly on the costa ; beyond are two white costal 
 streaks and one dorsal streak, which almost unites with the first costal 
 streak, they arc dark-margined internally, and between them lie some 
 black scale's, which are extended towards the anal angle ; at the apex 
 of the wing are some black scales. Posterior wings grey, with paler cilia. 
 
 Appears at the end of May and end of August ; has occurred 
 on the old tram-road beyond Croydon, and at lleadley Lane. The 
 larva mines the underside of the radical leaves of Scahiosa colum- 
 baria during the winter and spring, and at the end of July and 
 beginning of August. 
 
 41. comparella (P. v. R.), Zell. L. E. i. 257. pi. 1. f- 42 ; Sta.; 
 Dup. ? Alis anticis albis fusco-irroratis, singulis obliquis costa; tribus 
 ochreo-fuscis, cum strignlis tribus dorsi ochreo-fuscis alternantibus, 
 duabus posticis dorsi, costaique cxtrorsum nigro-marginatis, striola api- 
 cis nigra. Exp. al. 4 lin. 
 
 Head whitish. Pace and palpi white. Antenna; whitish, annulatcd 
 with fuscous. Anterior wings white, irrorated with numerous fuscous 
 atoms, sometimes causing the ground-colour to appear pale fuscous; 
 on the costa are three short oblique ochrcous-brown streaks equidistant 
 and parallel, and alternating the three similar smaller streaks on the 
 inner margin; the two last of each are externally dark-margined; at 
 the apex is a black streak, above which arc two small ochrcous-brown 
 spots on the costa. Posterior wings grey, with paler cilia. 
 
 Not common ; has occurred in May and August among white 
 poplars, in several localities round Loudon. 
 
 Family Xll. LYONETIDiE. 
 
 Antennte dimidio alarum anteriorum longiores, conchula basalt instructa. 
 
 Capilli plerisque lcevigati. Palpi labiales breves, penduli, vel nulli. 
 
 AIsb angusta;, anteriores sa:pe caudulatse, postcriores lanceolate. 
 
 Antenna; longer than the half of the anterior icings ; the basal joint 
 expanded into an eye-cap. Head mostly smooth (Bucculatrix is the 
 only genus with a really rough head). Labial palpi short, drooping, or 
 
LYONETIA. 288 
 
 entirely wanting. Wing narrow, the anterior often caudulatc, the pos- 
 terior lanceolate. 
 
 The insects of this family are mostly rather sluggish ; Buceu- 
 latrix shows more activity than any of the other genera. They 
 may frequently be observed at rest on palings, trunks of trees, 
 etc., and when disturbed generally content themselves with a 
 single sudden movement to a fresh place of rest ; even when on 
 the wing their movements are slow. The larva;, as far as known, 
 are all miners ; but in Bucculatrix it is only the young larva that 
 mines. The larvae, when full-fed, quit the mine (excepting in Bhyl- 
 locnistis), and form a silken cocoon, at some convenient place. 
 
 This family comprises only five genera, which may be arranged 
 thus : — 
 
 a. Antennae as long as the anterior wings. 1. Lyonetia. 
 a a. Antenna? shorter than the anterior wings. 
 
 6. Head quite smooth. 
 
 c. Labial palpi filiform. 2. Piiyllocnistis. 
 c c. Labial palpi none. 3. Cemiostoma. 
 
 b b. Head with a tuft on the crown. 
 
 d. Labial palpi filiform. 4. Opostega. 
 
 d d. Labial palpi none. 5. Bucoulateix. 
 
 Genus I. LYONETIA. 
 
 Lyonetia, Hub. V. 423 (1816) ; Zell. L. E. iii. Argyromiges p., 
 Curt. ; Step. P Elachista p., Treit. ; Dup. L. F. xi. Lyonetia p., 
 Zell. Isis, 1839 ; Dup. Cat. 
 Capilli squamacei, appressi, occipitales tenues suberecti. Antennae 
 alarum longitudiue, tenues, conchula basali mediocri. Palpi labiales 
 breves, penduli. Ala; angustse, anteriores caudatce, posteriores se- 
 taceae ; anteriores : ccllula discoidalis ekmgata, tenuis, acuminata, 
 postice quinque ramos emittit, vena subdorsals in basi f areata ; 
 posteriores : vena; subcostalis ac mediana non cum marginibus 
 coalesccntcs. 
 
 Head smooth, with appressed scales, at the back with slender slightly 
 erect scales. Antenna; as long as the anterior wings, slender, with a 
 moderate-sized basal eye-cap. Labial palpi shorty drooping. Wings 
 narrow, the anterior caudate, the posterior setaceous. In the anterior 
 wings the clougate, slender, pointed discoidal cell emits five veins pos- 
 teriorly ; the subdorsal vein is furcate at the base ; in the posterior 
 wings the subcostal and median veins speedily become confluent with 
 the margins. 
 
 The insects of this genus have, from the elongate anterior 
 wings and long antennae, some resemblance with the Qraoilaria ; 
 but their different position when at rest completely destroys the 
 
284 
 
 LYONKTIIITE. 
 
 similarity. We have only two British species. Of one, Clerckella, 
 the larva has been observed ; it tnines in the leaves of apple (and, 
 according to Curtis, elm); it has sixteen legs; it quits the leaf 
 when full-fed and spins a silken cocoon, which it suspends in a 
 horizontal position by silken threads. 
 
 1. Clerckella, Linn. S.N. (10), 542. 299(1758); Treit.; Dup. ; 
 Zell. ; Sta.—cerasifoliella, Iliib. Tin. 190. — Malella, Schr.— a utumnella, 
 Curt. B. E. fo. 284 ; Step. — nivella, Step. — var. mreella, Treit. — semi- 
 aurella, Step. — Fonscolombella , Dup. Alis anticis albis vel albidis, vel 
 seneis, macula disci pone medium longitudinali fusca, striolis costse pos- 
 ticis fuscis in maculam fuscam ante apicem decurreutibus, puncto apicia 
 atro. Exp. al. 4 lin. 
 
 Head white or whitish. Face and palpi white. Antennas fuscous ; 
 the basal joint white. Anterior wings white ; beyond (he middle is a 
 longitudinal fuscous blotch on the disc, beyond which is a narrow fuscous 
 fascia, followed by three short fuscous costal streaks, which unite with a 
 fuscous blotch ; at the apex of the wing is a deep black spot, from which 
 two short fuscous streaks diverge into the grey cilia. The wings are 
 sometimes entirely of a deep bronzy-fuscous, when, except the apical 
 spot and costal streaks, no markings are apparent, and there are various 
 intermediate varieties. Posterior wings grey, with grey cilia. 
 
 Not uncommon in many places ; appearing in June and August, 
 and hybemated specimens in the spring. The larva makes long 
 tortuous Hat mines in the leaves of apple-trees in July, September, 
 and October. 
 
 2. padifoliella, Sta. Zool. 1848, p. 2160 ; Hiib.P Treit.? Bouche? 
 — acerfoliella, Curt.— albella, Evers.P Alis anticis nivcis, villa lata 
 costali fusca, dorsum versus sinuuta et saturate fusca, striga obliqua pone 
 medium dorsi apicem versus products saturate fusca, puncto apicis atro 
 caudulnm emittente. Exp. al. 4i lin. 
 
 Head, face, and palpi white. Antennas fuscous; the basal joint 
 white. Anterior wings snowy-white, along the cosla broadly fuscous; 
 this fuscous streak is, towards the inner margin, sinualed, and is here 
 very dark fuscous, much darker than on the costa; beyond the middle 
 of the inner margin is a dark fuscous streak, which runs obliquely to- 
 wards the apex of the wing; at the anal angle is a small dark fuscous 
 patch ; at the extreme apex is a deep black spot ; costal cilia whitish, 
 with four short fuscous streaks, the last of which is also continued 
 through the cilia of the hinder margin ; there is a dark fuscous arch 
 round the apical black spot, whence a dark fuscous hook also arises. 
 Posterior wings grey, with paler cilia. 
 
 This elegant little species has only hitherto occurred among 
 maple, at Whittlebury Forest, in September and October. 
 
PHYLLOCNISTIS. 
 
 Genus II. PHYLLOCNISTIS. 
 
 Piivli.ocnistis, Zell. L. E. iii. 264 (1848). Opostega p., Zell. Isis, 
 1839; Dup. 
 
 Capilli lavigati. Antennae alis antcrioribus breviores, conchula parva 
 instructs. Palpi labialcs penduli, fliformes. Ate anteriores cau- 
 dulatas, posteriores lanceolato-lineares ; auteriorcs : cellula discoida- 
 lis acuta venulas tres in costam, unain in apicern, unam in marginem 
 posticum emittit ; vena subdorsals simplex; posteriores: vena me- 
 diana dorso proxima venulas tres emittit. 
 
 Head smooth. Antennas shorter than the anterior wings, with a 
 small eye-cap. Labial palpi jirooping, filiform. Anterior wings cau- 
 dulate, the posterior linear-lanceolate. In the anterior wings the acute 
 discoidal cell emits three veins to the costa, one to the apex, one to 
 the hinder margin; the subdorsal vein is simple; in the posterior 
 wings the median vein which runs near the inner margin emits three 
 veins. 
 
 This genus resembles the preceding in the habit of the perfect 
 insect ; but the larva (according to Zeller) is apod, and does not 
 quit the mine, but forms its cocoon within the leaf. Only two 
 very closely allied species are known. 
 
 1. suffusella, Zell. Isis, 1847, p. 894 ; Id. L. E.; iii. 266. ii. pi. 2. 
 f. 32; Sta. Alis anticis latiusculis albis, nebula fusca disci pone me- 
 dium, striolis quatuor costa:, duabus dorsi i'useis, puncto apicis atro. 
 Exp. al. 8$ lin. 
 
 Head, face, and palpi white. Antennas pale fuscous; basal joint 
 white. Anterior wings white, with a fuscous blotch on the disc beyond 
 the middle, and above it on the costa a short fuscous streak obliquely 
 placed, and beyond are three other short streaks, nearly straight, the 
 first of which unites with one from the inner margin, forming with it 
 a slightly angulated transverse line ; at the apex is a deep black spot, 
 from which three fuscous streaks radiate in (he white cilia, and below it 
 is a fuscous hinder-marginal line. At the base of the wing on the inner 
 margin is sometimes a fuscous blotch, and the entire wing is frequently 
 more or less suffused with pale fuscous. Posterior wiugs grey, with 
 whitish cilia. 
 
 Hitherto scarce ; appears in July and autumn, hybernated spe- 
 cimens occurring in spring; the larva mines in great blotches the 
 leaves of poplars in June and August. 
 
 2. saligna, Zell. L. E. iii. 270 (1848); Sta.— cerasifoliella, Sta. 
 Zool. 1848. — unipunclella, Step.? Alis anticis angustulis albis, tinea 
 geminata ex bad ultra medium products, maeulam fuscam includcnte, 
 striolis quatuor coste, duabus dorsi fuscis, puncto apicis atro. Exp' 
 al. 3 lin. 
 
286 LYONETIDJE. 
 
 Head whitish. Face and palpi white. Antennas pale fuscous ; the 
 basal joint white. Anterior wings white, with two somewhat indis- 
 tinct fuscous lines from the base to beyond the middle, including between 
 them posteriorly a fuscous blotch; a smaller fuscous blotch lies at 
 the base of the inner margin ; beyond the middle is an angulated fus- 
 cous streak from the costa which reaches only to the fold, beyond it is 
 another less angulated fuscous streak which reaches to the inner mar- 
 gin ; beyond this are two other short costal streaks ; at the apex of the 
 wing is a black spot, from which three fuscous streaks radiate in the 
 white cilia, and below it is a fuscous hinder-marginal line; the apical 
 portion of the wing is frequently suffused with pale fuscous. Pos- 
 terior wings whitish, with white cilia. 
 
 Hitherto scarce ; appears in July and autumn, hybernatcd spe- 
 cimens occurring in the spring. The larva feeds in June, Au- 
 gust, and September, in the underside of smooth-leaved willows 
 (principally on Salix helix), making a large blotch. 
 
 Genus III. CEMIOSTOMA. 
 
 Cemiostoma, Zell. L. E. iii. 272 (1848). Leucoptera p., Hub. Ar- 
 
 gyromiges p., Step. Opostega p., Zell. Isis, 1839; Dup. 
 Capilli sguamacei, appressi. Antennas alis anterioribus breviores, con- 
 chula basali mediocri. Palpi nulli. Ate anteriores caudulatas, pos- 
 teriores angusta) lanceolatse; anteriores: cellula discoidalis venas 
 duas in costam emittit, vena mediana in marginera posticum excur- 
 rit, vena subdorsalis simplex; posteriores : vena mediana in tres 
 ramos divisa. 
 
 Head smooth, with oppressed scales. Antennae shorter than the an- 
 terior wings, the basal joint forming a moderate-sized eye-cap. Palpi 
 none. Anterior wings caudulate, the posterior narrow, lanceolate. In 
 the anterior wings the discoidal cell emits two veins to the costa ; the 
 median vein runs into the hinder margin ; the subdorsal vein is simple. 
 In the posterior wings the median vein divides into three branches. 
 
 Scilella differs from the characters above laid down, in having 
 the slender scales at the back of the head erect, and in the ante- 
 rior wings the discoidal cell emits a furcate vein to the costa, a 
 simple one before the apex, and three (two of them obsolete) to 
 the hinder margin, and in the posterior wings the median vein 
 has two branches obsolete. 
 
 The insects of this genus, of which very few are at present 
 known, and we have only three British species, are remarkable 
 for their beauty. The radiating dark lines in the cilia are more 
 developed in this than in the preceding genus. The larva are 
 
CEMI09T0MA. 287 
 
 leaf-miners, forming flat blotches in the leaves ; that of C. sparti- 
 foliella however has a different habit, mining under the bark of 
 the stems of broom. 
 
 The genus may be thus divided : — 
 a. Anterior wings white. Species 1, 2. 
 a a. Anterior wings leaden-grey. Species 8. 
 
 The first two species are so similar in the perfect state as to be 
 hardly distinguishable ; (another white species frequenting aspens, 
 and a leaden-grey species frequenting Hypericum, occur on the 
 continent.) 
 
 1. spartifoliella, lliib. Tin. 335 (1816); Step.; Dup. ; Zell. ; 
 Sta. — punctaurella, Haw. — Harrisella, Linn. ? Alis anticis albis, ma- 
 cula costa; pone medium dilute flava fusco-marginata, macula altera 
 costa? apicem versus lateribus convergenlibus, macula atra violacco-pu- 
 pillata ad angulom analem, striis tribus i'uscis per cilia radiantihus. 
 Exp. al. 3i lin. 
 
 Head and face white. Antenna: fuscous, the tip and basal joint 
 white. Anterior wings white ; on the costa beyond the middle is a 
 pale yellow spot obliquely placed, pointing towards the anal angle, and 
 margined on both sides with fuscous ; towards the apex is another 
 spot on the costn placed more perpendicularly, its converging sides are 
 margined with fuscous ; below it is a black spot with a violet pupil ; 
 the apex of the wing is yellow, with a small fuscous spot ; cilia white, 
 with three dark fuscous streaks, one towards the costa, one to the ex- 
 treme apex, and the other, originating at the same point, drooping. 
 Posterior wings white, with white cilia. 
 
 Abundant from the middle of June to the end of July, among 
 broom. The larva feeds in the spring under the bark of broom, 
 making long, nearly straight galleries ; when full-fed it emerges 
 from its subcortical burrow, and spins its snow-white cocoon on 
 the stem, under the shelter of a projecting bud. The cocoons 
 may be advantageously collected at the beginning of June. 
 
 2. Laburnella (v. Heyden) ; Sta. Sup. Cat. p. 11 (1851). Alis 
 anticis albis, macula costa; pone medium dilute flava fusco-marginata, 
 macula altera costoe apicein versus, lateribus parallelis fusco-marginatis, 
 macula atra violacco-pupillata ad angulum analem, striis tribus fuscis 
 per cilia radiantibus. Exp. al. 3^ lin. 
 
 Head and face white. Antenna; fuscous, the tip and basal joint 
 white. Anterior wings white ; on the costa beyond the middle is a 
 pale yellow spot obliquely placed, pointing towards the anal angle, 
 margined on both sides with fuscous ; towards the apex is another 
 yellow spot on the costa placed more perpendicularly, its parallel sides 
 are margined with fuscous ; below it is a black spot with a violet pupil ; 
 the apex of the wing is yellow, with a small fuscous spot ; cilia white, 
 
l.YONETID.K. 
 
 with three dark fuscous streaks, one towards the costa, one to the ex- 
 treme apex, and one originating at the same point, drooping. Poste- 
 rior wings white, with white cilia. 
 
 Abundant in May and August. The larva mines the leaves of 
 the laburnum in autumn and July, making large greenish-white 
 blotches, which, when they have been made some time, become 
 almost white ; the larva quits the leaf when full-fed, and spins its 
 white cocoon in some convenient nook. 
 
 3. scitella, Zell. Isis, 1839, p. 214 j Sta.— Clerckella, Step. ; Fab. P 
 Haw.? Alis anticis plurabeis, postioe cupreis, maculis duabus costa? 
 albis, macula atra violaceo-pupillata ad angulum analcm, ciliis albidis 
 cum striis quatuor vadiantibus fuseis. Exp. al. 3 liu. 
 
 Head and face leaden-grey. Antennas black, basal joint leaden- 
 grey. Anterior wings leaden-grey ; from the costa beyond the middle 
 is a brownish streak, which reaches obliquely across the wing ; beyond 
 it are two short white streaks on the costa, separated by a copper- 
 coloured portion, which reaches more than half across the wing ; at the 
 anal angle is a large black spot with a violet pupil ; cilia whitish, with 
 four radiating dark lines, two towards the costa, one continued to the 
 extreme apex, the fourth rather drooping. Posterior wings pale leaden- 
 grey, with grey cilia. 
 
 An abundant species in many localities in June and July. The 
 larva mines the leaves of the hawthorn, apple, and pear, causing 
 large flat dark brown blotches, and frequently to such an extent 
 as to cause the hedges to appear of a brownish-green colour; 
 when full-fed, in August or September, it quits the leaf, and spins 
 its fine white cocoon, and after changing to pupa, it ejects the 
 shrivelled larva-skin through a slit in the cocoon left for that 
 purpose. 
 
 It is difficult to conceive a more beautiful insect than this ! 
 Goeze's rhapsodies at the sight of this (or a closely-allied species), 
 in the fifth volume of the ' Naturforscher/ do not appear at all 
 exaggerated, and are well worth perusal. 
 
 Genus IV. OPOSTEGA. 
 
 Opostega, Zcll. L. E. hi. 279 (1848). Leucoptera p., Hub. Ela- 
 chista p., Treit. j Dup. L. F. xi. Jphelosetia p., Step. Opostena 
 p., Zell. Isis, 1839; Dup. Cat. 
 
 Capilli verticales subrigidi, occipitales depressi. Antenna? alis ante- 
 rioribus breviores, crassiuscute, conchula basalt magna. Palpi labiales 
 breves, penduli. Ate antcriorcs non caudulatae, posteriores angustso, 
 
OPOSTEOA. 28"J 
 
 lanceolate ; anteriores : cellula uulla, venis quatuor longitudinalibus 
 
 simplicibus ; posteriores : vena raediana in tres ramos divisa. 
 
 Head in front with rather erect hairs, at the back smooth. Antenna? 
 shorter than the anterior wings, the eye-cap of the basal joint large. 
 Labial palpi short, drooping. Anterior wings slightly pointed, not 
 candidate, the posterior narrow, lanceolate. In the anterior wings 
 there are only four simple longitudinal veins, thus no discoidal cell. In 
 the posterior wings the median vein divides into three branches. 
 
 Little is yet known of the habits of the insects of this genus, 
 and the larvae of none have yet been discovered. We have only 
 three British species, which are readily distinguished. 
 
 1. salaciella, Treit. E. S. ix. 2. 180 (1833); Dup.; Zell. ; Sta. 
 Alis anticis immaculalis albidis. Exp. al. 5 lin. 
 
 Head and face whitish. Palpi white. Antennae pale fuscous ; basal 
 joint whitish. Anterior wings immaculate, whitish, having a faint 
 yellowish tinge ; cilia white. Posterior wings pale grey, with whitish 
 cilia. 
 
 Occasionally met with among grass in June and July ; I have 
 ' taken it at Dartford Heath. 
 
 2. auritella, Hub. Tin. 387 (1816); Zell.; Sta. Alis anticis 
 albis, macula in medio dorsi oblique posila fusca, striolis tribus coste, 
 duabus dorsi adversus punctum apicis atrum convergentibus. Exp. al. 
 4 \ lin. 
 
 Head white. Face whitish. Palpi white. Antennae pale fuscous ; 
 basal joint white. Anterior wings white, with a fuscous spot on the 
 middle of the inner margin obliquely placed, pointing towards the apex 
 of the wing; at the apex is a black spot, from which arise three short 
 fuscous streaks towards the costa, two towards the inner margin, and 
 two in the whitish cilia. Posterior wings grey, with paler cilia. 
 
 In the collections of Mr. Shepherd and Mr. Waring ; the spe- 
 cimens were taken in the Cambridgeshire fens in June. 
 
 3. crepusculella (F. v. R.), Zell. Isis, 1839, p. 214; Id. L. E. 
 iii. 284. ii. pi. 2. f. 41; Hup.? — auritella, Step. Alis anticis albis, 
 singula parva dorsi ante, singula niajore costa pone medium fuscis, 
 strigulis duabus parvis costa; apicem versus fuscis, puueto apicis atro. 
 Exp. al. 4 lin. 
 
 Head white. Face whitish. Palpi white. Antenna; white, aiinu- 
 lated with fuscous; basal joint white. Anterior wings white; on the 
 inner margin a little before the middle is a small fuscous streak, ob- 
 liquely placed, pointing towards the apex of the wing ; beyond it is a 
 broader fuscous streak on the costa pointing towards the anal angle ; to- 
 wards the apex of the wing are two fuscous streaks on the costa, and 
 at the extreme apex is a black spot ; cilia white, with two fuscous 
 transverse streaks, one on each side of the apical black spot. Posterior 
 wings grey, with paler cilia. 
 
 vol. in. 2 p 
 
290 LYONETID/E. 
 
 Occurs in marshy places at the end of June and beginning of 
 July. Fischer observed this species to fly only at dusk, hence 
 the name ; but later observations show that it also flies earlier in 
 the afternoon, especially if the weather be dull. 
 
 Genus V. BUCCULATRIX. 
 
 Bocculatrix, Zell. L. E. iii. 286 (1848). Tinea p., Haw. Elachkta 
 p., Treit. ; Dup. L. F. xi. Argyromiges p., Step. Lyonetia p., 
 Zell. Isis, 1839; Dup. Cat. 
 Capilli hirsuti, epistomio tevigato. Antennae breviusoute, conchda 
 basali parvula. Palpi titdli. Hnustellum breve, nudum. Ahc an- 
 tcriores caudulatoe, postcriores lanceolate ; anteriores : cellula dis- 
 coidalis acuta, potsice venas sex emittit, vena subcostalis longissime 
 obsoleta, subdorsalis simplex; posteriores ; vena mediana in tres 
 vamos divisa, subdorsalis simplex. 
 
 Head rough, tufted ; the face smooth. Antenna; rather short, with 
 a rather small eye-cap to the bnsal joint. Palpi none. Tongue short 
 and naked. Anterior wings candidate, the posterior lanceolate. In 
 the anterior wings the acute discoidal cell posteriorly emits six veins ; 
 the subcostal vein is obsolete for a considerable distance ; the subdorsal 
 vein is simple ; in the posterior wings the median vein divides into 
 three branches ; the subdorsal vein is simple. 
 
 This genus otters several points of resemblance with the next 
 family, but the larva; have six well-developed true legs. The per- 
 fect insects are rather active, and frequently fly in little swarms 
 round the plants on which the larva? feed. The larva; have a very 
 singular habit, at least it has been observed in CraUegi and Fran- 
 (jutella, and probably it prevails throughout the genus : these 
 larva; when very young are true miners, that of Cratce.gi forms 
 a short tortuous mine ; that of Frangutdla a spiral one, forming 
 brownish-purple blotches on the leaf; at a certain age the larva 
 quits the mine, and on the underside of the leaf spins a delicate 
 whitish web or cocoon, within which the larva remains quite 
 motionless and in a horse- shoe shape for a considerable time ; it 
 then emerges from this cocoon totally different in appearance to 
 what it was as a leaf-miner, and proceeds to eat the epidermis of 
 the leaf, which formerly it mined. The deserted cocoon will be 
 found to contain the previous skin of the larva. The external- 
 feeding larva has a singular shagreen appearance ; when full-fed 
 it descends to the ground, or some convenient corner, and spins 
 an elongate ribbed cocoon, within which it remains unchanged 
 for a considerable time. 
 
BUCCULATIUX. 29 
 
 Of the eleven British species, the first ten are so closely allied, 
 and the gradation of species so imperceptible, that they do not 
 admit of a tabular arrangement; the eleventh, cristatetta, is dis- 
 tinguished by its unicolorous anterior wings. (Another unicolor- 
 ous species occurs on the continent.) 
 
 1. aurimaculella, Stn. Cat. p. 28 (1849). Alis anticis dilute 
 griseo-ameis, maculis duabus costee, duabus dorsi (prima basim versus 
 per plicam producta) albido-luleis ; capillis saturate purpureis. Exp. al. 
 4 lin. 
 
 Head deep purple. Face bronzy. Antennas fuscous ; basal joint 
 whitisli-yellow. Anterior wings pale greyish-bronze, with two yellowish- 
 white spots on the costa and two on the inner margin ; the first costal 
 spot is placed a little before, the second a little beyoud the middle of 
 the wing ; the dorsal spots are anterior to the costal spots, and the first 
 one does not touch the inner margin, and is continued along the fold to- 
 wards the base of the wing ; none of these spots are sharply margined ; 
 cilia greyish. Posterior wings grey, with paler cilia. 
 
 Not common ; occurs on the downs beyond Croydon, and near 
 Bristol, appearing in May and August. It has been thought to 
 frequent Carices. 
 
 2. cidarella (Tischer), Zell. Isis, 1839, p. 216; Sta. Alis anticis 
 purpurascente-brunneis, maculis duabus costa:, duabus dorsi albidis, 
 suboppositis ; capillis /w^wm. Exp. al. 4 lin. 
 
 Head ferruginous. Face yellowish. Antenna: fuscous ; basal joint 
 yellowish. Anterior wings purplish-brown, with two whitish spots on 
 the costa, and two on the inner margin ; the first costal spot is a little 
 before the middle, the second is half-way between that and the apex ; the 
 dorsal spots are nearer the base of the wing than the costal spots ; cilia 
 brownish. Posterior wings grey, with paler cilia. 
 
 Appears in June, but hitherto rarely met with; it appears to 
 frequent alders. 
 
 3. Ulmella (Mann), Zell. L. E. iii. 288 (1848); Sta.— Sircomella, 
 Sta. — cueulipennella, var. h, Haw. — erythrodaeiyla, W. V. P Alis au- 
 ticis ochreis, maculis qualuor coste obliquis fuscis, sccunda abbreviata, 
 maculis duabus dorsi fuscis, priore obsoleta, secunda media ovata dis- 
 tinctiore ; capillis /wfow. Exp. al. 3^ lin, 
 
 Head fulvous. Face pale yellowish. Antenna: fuscous ; basal joint 
 pale yellowish. Anterior wings yellowish-ochreous, with four fuscous 
 spots on the costa obliquely placed, and two on the inner margin ; the 
 first costal spot begins at the base of the wing and terminates in the 
 fold, the second is very small, reaching only a very little way from the 
 costa, the third is broad and distinct, extending sometimes to the anal 
 angle, the fourth is in the apex of the wing ; between the two last is a 
 small black spot on the disc ; the first dorsal spot is near the base of 
 the wing and is rather indistinct, the second lies beyond the middle, is 
 
zyjs lyonetida:. 
 
 of nn oval shape and very distinct ; cilia pale ochrcous, with some fus- 
 cous scales. Posterior wings grey, with paler cilia. 
 
 Common in May, June, and August, among oaks ; here it never 
 frequents elms. According to Mann's observations, the larva de- 
 scends when full-fed in September, from the elms, of the leaves of 
 which it eats the upper and lower epidermis. I have twice found 
 a Bitceulatrix larva on oak-leaves, probably of this species ; but 
 have not hitherto observed a mine in the oak-leaves, such as these 
 larvae may be expected to make. 
 
 4. vetustella (Mann), Sta. Cat. p. 28 (1849). Alis anticis dilute 
 ochreis, maculis quatuor costae obliquis brunneis, secunda abbreviata, 
 maculis duabus dorsi, priore cum prima costali confluente, secunda me- 
 dia fusca, introrsum nigro-squamata ; Ciipillis/«foig. Exp. al. 3| lin. 
 
 Head fulvous. Face pale yellowish. Antennas fuscous ; basal joint 
 pale yellowish. Anterior wings pale yellowish-ochreous, with four 
 brownish spots on the costa and two on the inner margin ; the first 
 costal spot is sometimes confluent with the first dorsal spot, forming a 
 broad angulated fascia, the second costal spot is very small, the third 
 is darker than the others, and is continued to the anal angle, the fourth 
 is in the apex of the wing ; between the two last is a small black spot 
 on the disc; in the middle of the inner margin is an oval fuscous spot, 
 on its inner edge with some black scales ; cilia pale ochreous. Posterior 
 wings pale grey, with paler cilia. 
 
 Perhaps not specifically distinct from the preceding ; I have a 
 specimen taken among oaks in August. 
 
 5. Cratsegi, Zell. Isis, 1839. p. 216.— cratagifoliella, Hup.; Sta. 
 — euculipennella, var. y, Haw. Alis anticis albidis, fitsco-pidveratis, 
 maculis tribus costai, duabus dorsi fuscis, secunda dorsi introrsum ni- 
 gro-squamato, lineola disci ante apicem nigra; capillis griseis fuscisve. 
 Exp. al. 4 lin. 
 
 Head pale grey or fuscous. Face whitish. Antennae fuscous, basal 
 joint whitish. Anterior wings dirty whitish, much irrorated with fus- 
 cous ; a fuscous patch extends along the costa to the middle of the wing, 
 beyond this are two fuscous spots on the costa, which are joined to- 
 gether on the disc by a small black dash ; near the base of the inner 
 margin is a cloudy fuscous patch ; towards the anal angle is a fuscous 
 oval spot, on its inner side margined with black ; in the apex of the 
 wing is a black spot, and some black scales are carried round it through 
 the pale ochreous cilia. Posterior wings pale grey, with paler cilia. 
 
 Abundant in hedges in May and June. The larva at first 
 mines within, subsequently feeding externally on the leaves of the 
 hawthorn ; the pale ochreous ribbed cocoon is more elongate than 
 in Uhnella. 
 
 6. Demaryella, Sta. Zool. 1848. p. 2157; Hup.? Alis anticis 
 
UUCCULATRIX. 293 
 
 griseofuscis, maculis duabus costs?, duabus dorsi obliquis oppositis, in 
 fascias angulatas confluenlibus, spatio interjecto obscuriore ; capillis fus- 
 cis. Exp. al. 4 lin. 
 
 Head fuscous. Face whitish. Antenna? fuscous, basal joint whitish. 
 Anterior wings fuscous, with two pairs of obliquely-placed opposite 
 streaks, forming angulated fascia, the first before the middle, the second 
 before the apex ; between them the ground-colour of the wing is darker 
 fuscous ; cilia fuscous. Posterior wings grey, with paler cilia. 
 
 Hitherto scarce ; has occurred in the south of Scotland in June, 
 among nut-bushes. Mr. Douglas took a specimen at West Wick- 
 ham Wood. 
 
 7. maritima, Sta. Sup. Cat. p. 11 (1851). Alis anticis ochreis 
 fuscisve, maculis duabus costse, duabus dorsi obliquis oppositis, lineo- 
 laque ex basi albis albidisve, punctilio pone maculam priorem dorsi 
 nigro, punctulo altera ad apicem maculae secundse costalis nigra, lertio 
 angulum analcm versus, quarto ante apicem, macula albida costali in 
 apicem prod ucta ; capillis fulvis griseisve. Exp. al. 3£ lin. 
 
 Head fulvous, or greyish. Face whitish. Antenna? fuscous, basal 
 joint whitish. Anterior wings extremely variable in colour and mark- 
 ings ; in distinctly-marked specimens they are fuscous, with two pairs 
 of obliquely-placed opposite white spots, and a while basal streak ; in 
 other specimens they are dirty ochreous, with these markings only 
 faintly indicated ; there is a black dot on the disc outside the first dor- 
 sal spot, and another at the apex of the second costal spot ; between 
 this and the anal angle is a third ; in the apex of the wing is another 
 white or whitish costal spot, and beyond it another black dot; cilia 
 ochreous-grey, with a distinct row of black scales from the last costal 
 spot to the anal angle. Posterior wings pale grey, with paler cilia. 
 
 Occurs early in July, on the coast at St. Osyth, and in the Isle 
 of Sheppey. 
 
 8. Boyerella, Dup. L. F. xi. 548. pi. 309. f. 3 (1838); Zell. ; 
 Sta. — albedinella, Zell. ; Dup. — cuculipennella p., Haw. ; Step. Alis 
 anticis albis fusco-pulveratis, maculis tribus costie obliquis fuscis, prima 
 abbreviata, secunda tertiaque in striolas nigras desinentibus, macula 
 dorsi pone medium fusca, introrsum nigro-squamata ; capillis albidis ; 
 antennis albis, fusco-annulatis. Exp. al. 4 lin. 
 
 Head whitish-grey. Face white. Antenna; white, annulated with 
 fuscous, the basal joint white. Anterior wings white, irrorated with 
 fuscous, with three oblique fuscous streaks from the costa, the first in 
 the middle abbreviated, the second beyond the middle continued nearly 
 to the anal angle, having before its apex a black streak, the third is in 
 the apex of the wing, and terminates in a black streak ; on the inner 
 margin is an indistinct fuscous mark near the base of the wing, and 
 beyond the middle is a fuscous spot internally margined with black ; 
 cilia greyish-white, with some fuscous scales round the apex. Poste- 
 rior wings fuscous, with paler cilia. 
 
294 
 
 LYONBTID.li. 
 
 Occurs among elms in May and June. 1 have seen at the end 
 of August minute mines on elm-leaves, probably caused by tins 
 species, but was unable to meet with the larva. The larvse were 
 found by Mann on elms. 
 
 9. Prangutella, Goeze, E. B. iii. 4. 169. 291 (1783).— Frangu- 
 lella, Zell— Alnella, TM.—rhamnifoliella, Treit. ; P. v. It. pi. 7 ; Sta. 
 Alis anticis albis, maculis quatuor costse obliquis fuscis, macula dorsi 
 medii niajore fusca, punctulo nigro plicae, punctilio altero nigro disci 
 ante apicem; capillis albis. Exp. al. 8$ lin. 
 
 Head and face white. Antennae white, annulated with fuscous. 
 Anterior wings white, towards the apex irrorated with fuscous, with 
 four costal spots and one dorsal spot fuscous ; the first costal spot is 
 near the base and very small (sometimes entirely wanting), the second 
 and third are obliquely placed, one on each side of the middle, the 
 fourth lies in the apex; the dorsal spot is opposite the second and 
 third costal spots, and uniting with thera forms an angulated fascia ; 
 on the inner edge of this spot in the fold is a black dot, and a black 
 dot lies beyond the apex of the third costal spot ; cilia whitish, tra- 
 versed by two dark hinder-marginal lines. Posterior wings grey, with 
 paler cilia. 
 
 Abundant in June and July among buckthorn, the leaves of 
 which plant are at first mined, and afterwards eaten from the ex- 
 terior, by the larvae in August and September. 
 
 10. Hippocastanella, Dup. L. P. xi. 530. pi. 306. f. 4 (1838) ; 
 Lienig ; Zell. ; Sta. Alis anticis griseo-fuscis, macula basali, macula 
 dorsi ante medium, macula costae mediae, maculaque ad angulum analem 
 majore per striata brunneam iulerrupta ilav idis : capillis luteis. Exp. al. 
 3 lin. 
 
 Head whitish. Pace silvery. Antenna; dark fuscous, basal joint 
 white. Anterior wings greyish-fuscous, with a yellowish-white spot at 
 the base, a similar spot on the inner margin before the middle, and 
 one on the costa in the middle, and a larger yellowish-white patch at 
 the anal angle, which is intersected by a narrow streak of the ground- 
 colour running into the extreme apex of the wing ; cilia grey. Poste- 
 rior wings pale grey, with paler cilia. 
 
 Hitherto scarce ; has been taken in Leigh "Wood, near Bristol, 
 and in the neighbourhood of Burton-on-Trent. Appears in May 
 and August ; the larva feeding on limes and horse-chestnuts (ac- 
 cording to Lienig, also on birch and alder), in June and August. 
 
 11. cristatella (P. v. E.), Zell. Isis, 1839, p. 214; Sta. Alis 
 anticis nitidis, dilute griseis, unicoloribus ; capillis luteis. Exp. al. 3 lin. 
 
 Head luteous. Face grey. Antennae dark fuscous, basal joint whit- 
 ish. Anterior wings unicolorous, shining pale grey ; cilia yellowish- 
 grey. Posterior wings grey, with paler cilia. 
 
NEPTICULA. 295 
 
 Appears at the beginning of June and beginning of August ; 
 the only locality where it has hitherto occurred is the old tram- 
 road near Croydon, where it has occasionally been taken by sweep- 
 ing. 
 
 Family XIII. NEPTICULIDiE. 
 
 Capilli superne ac in fronte hirsuti. Antennae breves, crassa, conchula 
 modica instructs;. Palpi maxillares longiusculi, plicati, articulis ul- 
 timis pendulis. Palpi labiales breves, subporrecta?. AUe anteriores 
 latiuscula?, breves, grosse-squamata? ; posteriores lanceolata?. 
 Head hairy above and in front. Antenna? short and thick, the basal 
 
 joint furnished with a moderately-sized eye-cap. Maxillary palpi rather 
 
 long, folded, the last joints drooping. Labial palpi short, subporrcct. 
 
 Anterior wings rather broad, short, coarsely scaled ; the posterior wings 
 
 lanceolate. 
 
 This family contains at present only two genera, the distinctive 
 
 character of which lies in the ncuration of the wings. 
 
 Genus I. NEPTICULA. 
 
 Nepticula, Zell. L. E. hi. 301 (1848). Tinea p., Haw. Microsetia 
 
 p., Step. Lyonetia p., Zell. Isis, 1839 ; Dup. Cat. 
 Capilli superne ac in fronte hirsuti. Antenna? breves, crassa?, nudfe, 
 conchula modica instructs. Palpi maxillares longiusculi, plicati, 
 articulis ultimis pendulis. Palpi labiales breves, subporrecti. Alae 
 anteriores breves, grosse-squamata?, posteriores ovato-lanceolata? ; 
 anteriores : vena subcostalis furcata, ramo inferiore cum mediana per 
 venula coha?rcrite, vena mediana postice in tres ramos divisa, sub- 
 dorsalis in basi furcata ; posteriores : vena mediana longissime fur- 
 cata. 
 
 Head hairy above and in front. Antenna? short, thick, naked, the 
 basal joint furnished with a moderate-sized eye-cap. Maxillary palpi 
 rather long, folded, the last joints drooping. Labial palpi short, sub- 
 porrect. Anterior wings short, coarsely scaled, the posterior ovate- 
 lanceolate. In the anterior wings the subcostal vein is furcate, and 
 the lower branch is connected by a transverse vein with the median 
 vein ; the median vein divides posteriorly into three branches, the sub- 
 dorsal vein is furcate at the base. In the posterior wings the median 
 vein is furcate. 
 
 The resemblance in this genus to Microptkuyx, as shown by 
 the short antenna?, folded maxillary palpi, and transverse connect r 
 ing vein of the anterior wings, is very singular. 
 
296 NEPTICULID^E. 
 
 The habits of this genus are very interesting. The perfect in- 
 sects repose on the trunks of treees, on palings, etc., but unless 
 the collector be cautious, he will find on his too near approach they 
 take alarm ; they run exceedingly nimbly, and keep swaggering a 
 little from side to side as they run, looking the very impersona- 
 tion of minute importance; when on the wing they fly rather 
 quickly (though nothing in comparison to their alacrity in run- 
 ning), and have much the appearance of minute Diptera. Some 
 species fly of their own accord in the early morning : thus N.pyg- 
 maella is on the wing about sunrise in August ; and when every- 
 thing is quiet on a calm dewy morning, — the spiders'-webs with 
 their spangled drops reflecting the beams of the rising sun, — it is 
 a pleasant sight to see this minute insect darting backwards and 
 forwards among the hawthorn-leaves, evidently in the acme of 
 enjoyment. It happens that this species is not remarkable for 
 the brilliancy of its colours, but in this genus are to be found 
 the humming-birds of the Tineina ; and the lovely N. gratiosella, 
 reflecting nearly all the colours of the rainbow, dauces in little 
 swarms round the twigs of hawthorn, in the blaze of the mid-day 
 sun. 
 
 The larvae of this genus are very peculiar : the six anterior legs 
 so universally present in Lepidopterous larvae are wanting, and 
 they are replaced by membranous processes or prolegs, yet neither 
 on these segments, nor on the remaining segments, each of which 
 is furnished with a pair of prolegs (making eighteen in all) have 
 the prolegs the usual coronet of little hooks; these larvae are 
 consequently bad hands at walking, which nevertheless they have 
 to do when full-fed, for then they quit the mine in which they 
 have hitherto lived, and seek a fit place for their cocoon. The 
 mines are always flat, generally of an irregular serpentine form, 
 though sometimes spiral, and sometimes forming a complete 
 blotch ; when held to the light, the larvae can be distinctly seen, 
 and their colour and markings recognized. The cocoons are, I 
 believe, generally formed on the ground amongst the fallen leaves ; 
 at any rate, in such situations the larvae form them in our breed- 
 ing cages ; and it is a very singular fact that, though solitary in 
 the larva state, we always find that the cocoons are made in com- 
 pany, sometimes a dozen between two leaves. The cocoons vary 
 considerably in colour, texture, and form, according to the 
 species. 
 
 The species of this genus are exceedingly numerous. I have 
 no doubt I have several others than those here enumerated, though 
 to enable me to describe them I require more specimens, in finer 
 
NEPTICULA. 297 
 
 condition, and especially bred specimens, as the habit of the larva, 
 its colour, and the form and colour of its cocoon, frequently are 
 invaluable helps to prove the distinctness of species, and it is only 
 during the last two years that we have learnt how to collect these 
 larvae, so that this branch of the study is completely in its infancy. 
 The twenty-nine British species may be arranged in the follow- 
 ing table : — 
 
 a. Anterior wings without spots or fascia?. Species 1-6. 
 a a. Anterior wings with pale spots, no fascia?. 
 
 b. With a single minute pale spot on the inner margin. Species 7-9. 
 b b. With two opposite pale spots. Species 10-13. 
 
 b b b. With two opposite pale spots and a broad basal streak. Spe- 
 cies 14. 
 
 b b b b. With three pale spots. Species 15. 
 a a a. Anterior wings with pale spots and a pale fascia. Species 16. 
 a a a a. Anterior wings with a pale fascia. 
 
 c. The fascia indistinct and rather dull. Species 17, 18. 
 
 c c. The fascia distinct, bright, frequently metallic. Sp. 19-29. 
 
 1. atricapitella, Haw. L. B. 555 (1829); Step.; Sta — samia- 
 lella <J , Zell. '? Alis anticis saturate aneis, postice violaceis ; capillis 
 atris. Exp. al. 3 lin. 
 
 Head black. Face yellowish. Palpi whitish. Antenna! black, 
 basal joint whitish. Anterior wings dark bronse, posteriorly shading 
 to violet ; cilia pale grey. Posterior wings grey, with paler cilia. 
 
 Common in May on the trunks of oaks, or on fences; occurs 
 more sparingly in August. The larva mines the leaves of the 
 oak in July, September, and October, but has not yet been dis- 
 tinguished from other larva; of a similar habit. 
 
 2. ruficapitella, Haw. L. B. 586 (1829); Step.; Sta.— samia- 
 tella $ , Zell. ? Alis anticis dilute cei/eis, apicem versus violaceis ; ca- 
 pillis ferrut/ineh. Exp. al. 3 lin. 
 
 Head and face reddkh-yellow. Palpi whitish. Antenna? fuscous, 
 basal joint whitish. Anterior wings rather pale bronze, with the apex- 
 violet ; cilia greyish. Posterior wings pale grey, with paler cilia. 
 
 Common on the trunks of oak, or on fences, in May ; also ap- 
 pears, though less plentifully, in August. The larva mines the 
 leaves of the oak in July, and in September and October. 
 
 3. anomalella, Goeze, E. P. iii. 4. 168. 290 (1783); Sta.— Jlo- 
 sella, Schr. — ruficapitella, Lewis (Ent. Mag. i. 422). Alis anticis dl- 
 luiissime aneis, pone medium dilulioribiis, apice obscure violaceo ; ca- 
 pillis lnteis (iutcrdum atris). Exp. nl. 2£ lin. 
 
 Head and face bright yellow (sometimes black). Palpi whitish. 
 Antenna; fuscous, basal joint whitish. Anterior wings very pale bronze, 
 
 VOL. III. 2 Q 
 
298 NEPTICULID/E. 
 
 a little paler beyond the middle, the apex dull violet ; cilia greyish. 
 Posterior wings pale grey, with pale grey cilia. 
 
 Abundant in gardens and hedges in May and August, but 
 rarely seen in the perfect state. The yellowish larva is very con- 
 spicuous, mining in long tortuous galleries in the leaves of the 
 rose in July and autumn; the orange or brown cocoon is fre- 
 quently made in the foot-stalk of the leaf, sometimes on the stem, 
 under the shelter of a projecting thorn ; its outer covering pro- 
 jects beyond it like a tent, making it appear much larger than it 
 really is. This species has an historical interest, having been ob- 
 served by Be Geer, Goeze, and Lewis; and the exhibition by Mr. 
 Westwood of some bred specimens of this species, at the Septem- 
 ber meeting of the Entomological Society in 1851, led to the 
 attention of Micro-Lepidopterists being drawn to the larvae of this 
 genus, and was the proximate cause of all the discoveries that 
 have since been made respecting them. 
 
 4. pygmseella, Haw. L. B. 586 (1829); Sta. ; Step.? Alis an- 
 ticis cinereis, postice dilutissime violaceo-tinctis ; capillis luteis. Exp. 
 al. 2-3 lin. 
 
 Head and face yellowish. Palpi whitish. Antennae fuscous, basal 
 joint whitish. Anterior wings pale ashy-grey, with a very slight violet 
 tinge towards the apex; cilia paler. Posterior wings whitish-grey, 
 with whitish-grey cilia. 
 
 Common in May and August, flying along hawthorn hedges at 
 5 a.m. The yellowish larva mines the leaves of the hawthorn in 
 July and autumn. 
 
 5. Oxyacanthella, n. sp. Alis anticis fuscis purpurco-tinctis, 
 postice purpureis; capillis luteis. Exp. al. 2 -J- lin. 
 
 Head and face deep yelloio. Palpi whitish. Antenna; dark fuscous, 
 with the basal joint whitish. Anterior wings fuscous, tinged with pur- 
 ple, beyond the middle almost entirely purple. Posterior wings pale 
 grey, with pale grey cilia. 
 
 Appears in May, but not hitherto observed in the perfect state. 
 The bright green larva is very common in hawthorn-leaves in au- 
 tumn, making long galleries ; it mines also (I believe) in the 
 leaves of the wild apple. 
 
 0. viscerella (Dougl.), Sta. Zool. 1853. p. 3958. Alis anticis 
 olivaceis, postice saturatioribus ; capillis luteis, fusco-mixlis. Exp. al. 
 :.'.', lin. 
 
 Head and face yellowish, intermixed with fuscous. Antenna; fuscous, 
 basal joint whitish. Anterior wings rather of an olive tint, posteriorly 
 darker, with whitish cilia. Posterior wings whitish-grey, with whitish- 
 grey cilia. 
 
 Appears in May (?), but not hitherto met with in the perfect 
 
NKl'TlCULA. 299 
 
 state. The bright green larva mines the leaves of the elm in au- 
 tumn, making the convolutions of its narrow mine so close together 
 that (hoy form brown llolches ; it is excessively abundant in many 
 localities. 
 
 7. Catharticella, Sta. Zool. 1853. p. 3958. Alis anticis nigris, 
 dilutissime purpurco-tinctis, puncto minnto dorsi pone medium alio ; 
 capillis ferrugineis ; tarsis posticis albidis, fusco-annulatis. Esp. al. 
 H lin. 
 
 Head and face reddish-yellow. Palpi whitish. Antenna? fuscous, 
 basal joint whitish. Hinder tarsi whitish, cumulated with dark fuscous. 
 Anterior wings black, with a very faint purple tinge, with a minute 
 while spot on the inner margin near the anal angle ; cilia whitish. 
 Posterior wings pale grey, with pale grey cilia. 
 
 Appears in May (?) and August, but not hitherto met with in 
 the perfect state. The larva feeds in autumn and July, on the 
 leaves of Rhamnus calharticus, making rather broad galleries ; it 
 is excessively abundant on several bushes in my own neighbour- 
 hood, yet, though I have searched and beaten for the perfect insect, 
 when I expected it should be out, at various hours of the day, I 
 never succeeded in finding a single specimen. 
 
 8. Septembrella, Sta. Cat. p. 29 (1849). Alis anticis nigris, 
 macula triangulari dorsi pone medium albida, capillis ferrugineis ; an- 
 tennis fuscis; tarsis posticis unicoloribus albidis. Exp. al. 2 lin. 
 
 Head and face reddish-yellow. Palpi whitish. Antennae fuscous, 
 basal joint whitish. Hinder tarsi unicolorous whitish. Anterior wings 
 black, with a rather triangular whitish spot on the inner margin beyond 
 the middle; cilia whitish. Posterior wings whitish-grey, with paler 
 cilia. 
 
 The original specimen was taken by Mr. Bedell, at West Wick- 
 ham Wood, in September ; it probably appears in May and Au- 
 gust, but a summer brood of the larva has not yet been observed. 
 The larvae mine the leaves of Hypericum pulchrum in autumn, 
 making extremely slender mines, and going several times -round 
 and across the small leaves they inhabit ; when full-fed they pucker 
 the leaf a little, and form their cocoon inside it, never quitting the 
 mine till they assume the perfect state, thus quite abnormal to the 
 ordinary habits of the genus. 
 
 9. intimella, Zell. L. E. iii. 323 (1848); Sta.; Sircom. Alis 
 anticis saturatc/«sra, macula dorsi paullo post medium lutesceide ; ca- 
 pillis luteis ; antennis lulescenlibus. Exp. al. 3 lin. 
 
 Head and face yellowish. Palpi whitish. Antenna? dirty pale yel- 
 lowish, basal joint whitish. Anterior wings dark fuscous, with a yel- 
 lowish spot on the inner margin, a Utile beyond the middle ; cilia grey- 
 ish-fuscous. Posterior wings grey, with paler cilia. 
 
300 NEPTIOULID.E. 
 
 Taken by Mr. Sircom, near Bristol, in June, among sallows, by 
 sweeping the upper branches; also occurs at Dartford Heath. 
 
 10. Headleyella, n. sp. Alis anticis griseis, grosse squamatis, 
 maculis duabus pareis argenteo-albidis, oppositis pone medium, costali 
 antcriorc ; capillis lutco-griseis. Exp. al. 2 lin. 
 
 J lead and lace luteous, mixed with grey. Palpi whitish. Antenna? 
 grey, basal joint whitish. Anterior wings rather coarsely scaled, dark 
 grey, with two small whitish-silvery opposite spots beyond the middle, 
 that on the costa being nearer to the base ; between these spots is a 
 considerable breadth of the ground-colour ; cilia grey. Posterior wings 
 grey, with paler cilia. 
 
 Two specimens taken by Mr. Douglas, in the hilly field at 
 Ileadley Lane, early in August. 
 
 11. subbimaculella. Haw. L. B. 583 (1839); Step.; Sta. — 
 cursoriella, Zell. — nigrociliella, Step. ? Alis anticis nigris, macula ba- 
 salt per dorsum products, macula costali in medio, maculaque dorsi 
 ■pone medium lutco-albidis ; capillis fulvis. Exp. al. 3 lin. 
 
 Head and face orange-luteous. Palpi pale. Antennae dark fuscous, 
 basal joint whitish. Anterior wings black, with a whitish patch at the 
 base extending along the inner margin ; in the middle on the costa is a 
 rather triangular whitish-yellow spot, and beyond it on the inner margin 
 is a larger triangular whitish-yellow spot; cilia whitish. Posterior 
 wings pale grey, with paler cilia. 
 
 Abundant among oaks in June. The pale greenish-white larva 
 mines the leaves of the oaks in autumn ; it keeps close to a rib 
 of the leaf, and though its mine is narrow, it turns upon itself so 
 as to form a small blotch. It is a singular fact in vegetable phy- 
 siology, that when the leaves are turning brown, the spots tenanted 
 by these larva; remain green much longer than the remainder of 
 the leaf, and this may frequently be observed in the leaves after 
 they have fallen. 
 
 12. argyropeza, Zell. Isis, 1839, p. 215 ; Id. L.E.iii. 320. Alis 
 anticis nigrescentibus, macula parva costa; ante medium, macula dorsi 
 post medium mnjore albidis ; capillis fulvis. Exp. al. 3 lin. 
 
 Head and face deep luteous. Palpi whitish. Antenna? dark fus- 
 cous, basal joint whitish. Anterior wings blackish, with a small 
 whitish spot on the costa, rather before the middle, and a larger one on 
 the inner margin beyond the middle; cilia whitish. Posterior wings 
 grey, with paler cilia. 
 
 lias occurred in May, on a fence near Beckenham. 
 
 13. apicella, n. sp. — argyropeza, Sta. — argyropeza, var. j3, Zell. 
 Alis anticis nigricanli-griseis, maculis duabus albidis oppositis, paullo 
 post medium ; capillis fulvis. Exp. al. .'i-.'i! lin. 
 
 Head and face deep luteous. Palpi whitish. Antenna: grey, basal 
 
NEPTICULA. 301 
 
 joiut whitish. Anterior wings dark grey, beyond the middle are two 
 opposite whitish spots, that on the inner margin is the larger; cilia 
 whitish. Posterior wings pale grey, with paler cilia. 
 
 1 1 as occurred on the stem of a poplar-tree, at Woodhead Moors 
 iu June, and on a fence near Beckenham in May. 
 
 14. trimaculella, Haw. L. B. 583 (1829) ; StsL.—rufella, Zell. 
 Alia anticis fuscis, tinea lata albida a bast usque medium, tnaculis op- 
 positis triangularibus pone medium albidis ; capillis luteis. Exp. al. 2\ 
 lin. 
 
 Head and face yellowish. Palpi fuscous. Antennae fuscous, basal 
 joint whitish. Abdomen and hind legs grey in the ? , reddish in the (J . 
 Anterior wings dark fuscous, with a broad basal streak, taking up half 
 the breadth of the wing and reaching to the middle, and with two tri- 
 angular whitish opposite spots beyond the middle, not (infrequently 
 uniting across the wing; cilia pale ochreous-grey. Posterior wings 
 pale grey, with paler cilia. 
 
 Appears in May and August, frequenting the stems of poplars, 
 but not common. 
 
 15. quinquella, Bedell, Zool. 1848, p. 1986. Alis anticis nigris, 
 maculis tribi/s argenteo-albidis, prima costa; ante, secunda dorsi pone 
 medium, lertia disci apicem versus; capillis nigris. Exp. al. 2J lin. 
 
 Head and face black. Palpi whitish. Antennse black, basal joint 
 yellowish. Anterior wings black, with three whitish, rather silvery 
 spots, the first on the costa before the middle rather triangular, reach- 
 ing a little obliquely half across the wing, the second, on the inner 
 margin beyond the middle, is in the form of a right-angled triangle ; 
 between it and the apex of the wing is the third spot, which is small aud 
 round; cilia silvery-grey. Posterior wings grey, with paler cilia. 
 
 Has occurred in Jane and July, on the trunks of oaks at West 
 Wickham Wood, and on palings near Beckenham. 
 
 10. sericopeza, Zell. Isis, 1839, p. 215 ; Sta. — Maryclla, Dup. ? 
 — Louisella, Sircom? Alis anticis saturatissimc fuscis, basi,/«»«'a ob- 
 liqua ante, maculis opposilis pone medium albidis ; capillis fuscis. Exp. 
 al. n lin. 
 
 Head fuscous. Face yellowish. Palpi whitish. Antennae fuscous, 
 basal joiut whitish. Anterior wings very dark fuscous, almost black, 
 with the base, an oblique fascia before the middle (broadest on the 
 inner margin), and two opposite spots beyond the middle (that on the 
 inner margin, the posterior), whitish; cilia fuscous. Posterior wings pale 
 grey, with paler cilia. 
 
 I have two specimens taken on the Dartford Heath fence iu 
 June ; Mr. Sircom took his Louisella near Bristol. 
 
 17. floslactella, Haw. L. B. 585, (1829); Slc[>.—hemargyrella, 
 Zell. P Alis anticis luteis, busim versus fusco-irroralis, apicem versus 
 
302 . NEPTICULIDiE. 
 
 fuscis, fascia fusca paullo post medium, fasciam totam lutcatn praece- 
 dente ; capillis luteis. Exp. al. S-J — 8 lin. 
 
 Head and face bright luteous. Palpi whitish. Antennas fuscons, 
 basal joint whitish. Anterior wings yellowish, sparingly irrorated with 
 fuscous towards the base ; the fuscous scales form a fascia a little be- 
 yond the middle, which immediately precedes an uninterrupted fascia 
 of the ground-colour; the apical portion of the wing is entirely fuscous, 
 with a faint violet tinge ; cilia whitish-yellow. Posterior wings pale 
 grey, with pale grey cilia. 
 
 Appears in May and August. The moderate-sized yellowish 
 larva; make broad tortuous galleries in the leaves of the nut and 
 hornbeam, occurring in autumn and July; there are rarely more 
 than half-a-dozen in one leaf. The cocoon is very flossy, aud of a 
 whitish or pale yellowish colour. 
 
 18. Salicis, n. sp. Alis anticis /twos, dilute luleo parum irroratis, 
 postice saturatioribus et violaceo-tinctis, maculis diiabus dilute luteis 
 pone medium, fasciam obsolelam oblitjuam formautibits ; capillis ferru- 
 gineis. Exp. al. 2^-3 lin. 
 
 Head and face reddish-yellow. Palpi whitish. Antenna; fuscous, 
 basal joint whitish. Anterior wings fuscous, slightly irrorated with pale 
 luteous, posteriorly darker and with a faint violet tinge ; beyond the 
 middle are two ill-defined, pale luteous spots, forming an indistinct oblique 
 fascia ; the costal spot is anterior to the dorsal spot ; cilia pale luteous. 
 Posterior wings pale grey, with pale grey cilia. 
 
 Appears in May and August. The yellowish larva makes small 
 tortuous mines, resembling blotches in the leaves of sallows in 
 autumn and in July. 
 
 19. microtheriella, Wing, n. sp. Alis anticis fuscis, paullulum 
 purpureo-tinctis, prsecipue apicein versus, fascia tenui, subobliqua pone 
 medium albida; capillis luteis, fusco-mixtis. Exp. al. I J lin. 
 
 Head and face yellowish, slightly mixed with fuscous. Palpi whitish. 
 Antennas fuscous, basal joint whitish. Anterior wings fuscous, slightly 
 tinged with purple, especially towards the apex; beyond the middle is 
 a slightly oblique, rather slender whitish fascia ; cilia fuscous. Pos- 
 terior wings grey, with paler cilia. 
 
 The smallest known Lepidopterous insect ! Appears in May 
 and August, but rarely met with in the perfect state ; the small 
 yellowish-green, larva makes extremely narrow tortuous galleries 
 in the leaves of the nut and hornbeam, occurring in autumn aud 
 July. It is sometimes so abundant that upwards of thirty may 
 be found in a single leaf ! The rather firm cocoon is of a pale 
 buff colour. 
 
 20. ignobilella, Sta. Cat. p. 29 (1849).— aurella, var. /8. Haw.? 
 — posticella, Step. ? Alis anticis dilute aureo-brunueis, apicem versus 
 
NEPTICTJLA. 303 
 
 puvpurco-tinctis, fascia recta pone medium, parum nitida, luteo-allida ; 
 capillis ferrugineis. Exp. al. 2-£ lin. 
 
 Head and face reddish-yellow. Palpi whitish. Antennae fuscous, 
 basal joint whitish. Anterior wings pale golden-brown ; beyond the 
 middle is a straight, yellowish-while, slightly shining fascia ; the apex of 
 the wing has a purplish tinge ; cilia fuscous. Posterior wings pale 
 grey, with pale grey cilia. 
 
 Appears in May and August, but not frequently met with. The 
 yellowish larva mines in hawthorn-leaves in autumn and July, but 
 has not at present been distinguished from the larva of pgymceella 
 and graliosetta. 
 
 21. argentipedella, Zell. Isis, 1839, p. 215; Sta.—mediofas- 
 ciella, Haw. ? Step. ? — minimella, Zett. ? Alis anticis violaceb-nigris, 
 fascia laliuscula albida pone medium; capillis nigris. Exp. al. 3} lin. 
 
 Head and face black. Palpi dark grey. Antenna? fuscous, basal 
 joint whitish. Anterior wings black, with a violet gloss, with a rather 
 broad whitish fascia beyond the middle, placed rather obliquely, being 
 nearest the base of the wing on the costa ; in the middle it is some- 
 times interrupted ; cilia grey. Posterior wings grey, with paler cilia. 
 
 Occurs among birches in May and June, but not common. 
 It has been bred by Ilerr Bouche, from larva; mining in birch- 
 leaves. 
 
 22. Acetosse (Sta.j, Shield, Zool. 1853, p. 4153. Alis anticis 
 nitidis fuscis, pone medium violaceo-tinctis, fascia fere recta pone medium 
 nitida alba ; capillis fuscis. Exp. al. 2 lin. 
 
 Head fuscous. Antennae fuscous, basal joint whitish. Anterior 
 wings shining fuscous, with a faint violet tinge beyond the middle ; be- 
 yond the middle is a nearly straight, shining, whitish fascia ; cilia fus- 
 cous. Posterior wings pale grey, with pale grey cilia. 
 
 Appears in May and August. The larva miues the leaves of 
 the sorrel in autumn and in July ; the mine is very peculiar ; it 
 makes a series of concentric circles till, as though the centrifugal 
 force at length became too great, it flies off at a tangent into an 
 irregular tortuous gallery. It has only hitherto been met with 
 by Mr. Shield, near Dublin, in some sorrel-plants growing among 
 furze-bushes, consequently in sheltered situations. Mr. Shield 
 has only succeeded in rearing a single specimen, which, with the 
 view of disseminating information, he has very liberally placed 
 in my collection ; as it is extremely hazardous to describe iXe/di- 
 culce from single specimens, the above description of the perfect 
 insect must be looked at as an approximation only; from the 
 habit of the larva, no doubt can attach to its being a distinct 
 species. 
 
 23. plagicolella, n. sp. Alis anticis nitidis fuscis, postice pur- 
 
304 NE'PTICDUDJE. 
 
 pureo-tinctis, fascia fere recta pone medium nitida, albida, parum ar- 
 gentea ; ca\ti\\is ferrugineis. Exp. al. 2 lin. 
 
 Head and face reddish-yellow. Palpi whitish. Antennae fuscous, 
 basal joint whitish. Anterior wings shining fuscous, with a purple 
 tinge which begins before the middle of the icing ; beyond the middle is 
 a nearly straight, shining, whitish, rather silvery fascia ; cilia fuscous. 
 Posterior wings pale grey, with pale grey cilia. 
 
 Appears in May and August, but I believe not hitherto met 
 with in the perfect state. The larva mines in the leaves of the 
 sloe in autumn and July, making large whitish blotches ; in some 
 places it is exceedingly plentiful ; the cocoon is rather fiat. 
 
 24. Tityrella, Douglas, n. sp. Alis anticis nitidis fuscis, vix oli- 
 vaceo-tinctis, postice saturatioribus, fascia subobliqua pone medium di- 
 lute aurea, ad dorsum latiore ; capillis luteis. Exp, al. 2.} lin. 
 
 Head and face luteous. Palpi pale luteous. Antennas fuscous, basal 
 joint pale luteous. Anterior wings shilling fuscous, with a very faint 
 olive tinge, darker towards the apex, with a pale golden, rather oblique 
 fascia beyond the middle, broadest on the inner margin, and its posterior 
 edge concave ; cilia very pale grey. Posterior wings pale grey, with 
 pale grey cilia. 
 
 Appears in May and August. The larva makes rather broad 
 galleries towards the margins of the leaves of the beech, in autumn 
 and July. 
 
 25. Malella, n. sp. Alis anticis saturate fuscis, fascia subobliqua 
 pone medium alba, parum nilida ; capillis ferrugincis. Exp. al. 2 lin. 
 
 Head and face reddish-yellow, slightly mixed with fuscous. An- 
 tenna; fuscous, basal joint whitish. Anterior wings dark fuscous, with 
 a slightly oblique, almost while, slightly shining fascia beyond the mid- 
 dle ; cilia fuscous. Posterior wings pale grey, with pale grey cilia. 
 
 Appears in May and August, but not hitherto met with in the 
 perfect state. The yellow larva mines in autumn and July in the 
 leaves of the wild apple, making long galleries ; the cocoon is 
 bright yellow. 
 
 20. angulifasciella, Sta. Cat. p. 29 (1849).— Centifoliella, Zell. ? 
 Alis anticis nigris, maculis duabus oppositis in medio argenteo-albis, in 
 fasciam angulatam conftuentibus ; capillis luteis. Exp. al. 2 J lin. 
 
 Head and face deep luteous. Palpi whitish. Antennae dark fus- 
 cous, basal joint whitish. Anterior wings black, with a silvery-while 
 spot on the costa about the middle, and a similar silvery-while spot on 
 the middle of the inner margin ; these spots frequently unite to form a 
 slender angulated fascia ; cilia whitish. Posterior wings grey, with 
 paler cilia. 
 
 lias occurred on fences and in hedges in June, but hitherto 
 very scarce. The larva (which I believe belongs to this species) 
 
NEPTICULA. 305 
 
 feeds in the rose-leaves in autumn, making large blotches ; it is 
 pale greenish, and it makes a dark blackish-green cocoon. 
 
 27. gratiosella, Sta. Cat. p. 29 (1849) ; Dup.? Alis anticis di- 
 lute aurco-brunneis, postice violaceis, fascia fere recta pone medium 
 carulescente-argentea ; capillis atris. Exp. al. 2 liu. 
 
 Head and face black. Palpi whitish. Antenna; dark fuscous ; basal 
 joint white. Anterior wings pale golden-brown, with a nearly straight 
 bluish-silvery fascia beyond the middle, the apex of the wing violet ; 
 cilia fuscous. Posterior wings grey, with paler cilia. 
 
 Not uncommon in May, Hying round the hawthorn-twigs, in 
 the sunshine, also plentiful on palings at Beckenham. The larva 
 is one of the yellowish larvae which mine the leaves of hawthorn 
 in autumn. 
 
 28. marginicolella, Sta. Zool. 1853, p. 3$58.—Cenlifoliella, 
 Sta. Cat. — aurella, var. y. Haw. — lemniscella, Zell. ? Alis anticis Icele 
 aureo-brunneis, pone medium purpureo-tinctis, apice saturate purpurea-, 
 fascia obliqua pone medium argenteo-alba ; capillis <$ atris, ? ferru- 
 gineis. Exp. al. 2-1—3 lin. 
 
 Head of the £ black, of the ? reddish-yellow. Palpi whitish. An- 
 tenna; fuscous ; basal joint whitish. Anterior wings rich golden-brown, 
 with a purple tinge beyond the middle ; beyond the middle is a rather 
 oblique silvery -while fascia ; the apex of the wing is deep purple ; cilia 
 pale fuscous. Posterior wings grey, with grey cilia. 
 
 Appears in May and August, but hitherto only met with in the 
 perfect state on a fence near Beckenham in May. The yellowish 
 larva mines in autumn and July the leaves of the elm, making a 
 long, not intertwined gallery, frequently at the edge of the leaf, 
 going in and out of each serrature. 
 
 29. aurella, Fab. S. E. 606. 65 (1775); Haw.; Step.; Zell.; 
 Sta. Alis anticis late aureo-brunneis, pone medium purpureo-tinctis, 
 apice saturate violaceo, fascia recta pone medium dilute aurea ; capillis 
 ferrugineis. Exp. al. 3-3»- lin. 
 
 Head and face reddish-yellow. Palpi whitish. Antenna; fuscous; 
 basal joint whitish. Anterior wings rich golden-brown, beyond the 
 middle with a purple tinge ; beyond the middle is a nearly straight, 
 pale golden fascia ; the apical portion of the wing is deep violet; cilia 
 fuscous. Posterior wings grey, with grey cilia. 
 
 This is the largest and best-known species of the genus; it 
 occurs nearly throughout the year, being however most plentiful 
 in May and August. The larva mines the leaves of the bramble, 
 making long tortuous galleries; I believe it may be found in 
 every month of the year; it makes a singular flattened cocoon, 
 with scalloped edges. 
 
 2 R 
 
306 NEPTICUMD/E. 
 
 Genus II. TRIFURCULA. 
 
 Trifuboula, Zell. L. E. iii. 330 (1848). Lyonetia p., Zell. Isis, 1839. 
 Capilli superne et in froute liirsuti. Antennse breviuscute, nudsc, con- 
 chula modica instruct®. Palpi maxillares longiusculi, plicati, arti- 
 culis ultimis pen<lulis. Palpi labiales breves, subporrecti. Alae an- 
 teriores breves, grosse-squamata?, posteriores ovato-lancoolata? ; ante- 
 riores : vena subcostalis furcate, vena mediana arcuata trifida, vena 
 subdorsals simplex ; posteriores : vena mediana trifida, subdorsals 
 longiusculai 
 
 Head above and in front hairy. Antennas rather short, naked, the 
 basal joint furnished with a moderate-sized eye-cap. Maxillary palpi 
 rather long, folded, the last joints drooping. Labial palpi short, sub- 
 porrected. Anterior wings short, coarsely scaled, the posterior ovate- 
 lanceolate. In the anterior wings the subcostal vein is furcate, the 
 arched median vein is trifid, and the subdorsal vein is simple. In the 
 posterior wings the median vein is trifid, the subdorsal vein rather long. 
 The investigation of the generic characters of these insects is 
 rendered extremely difficult, from their small size and hairy heads ; 
 smooth-headed species of equal size would be far more easily exa- 
 mined ; it is also difficult to examine the neuration of the wings, 
 and I am therefore doubtful whether the distinctness of this genus 
 from the preceding lias been sufficiently established. On the 
 other hand, it may be that it would be more correct to divide the 
 Nepticulidee into a greater number of genera*. 
 
 The four species placed in this genus all agree in the absence 
 of definite markings, such as spots and fascise, and are best dis- 
 tinguished by their coarsely-scaled, irrorated appearance. 
 
 1. atrifrontella, Sta. Sup. Cat. p. 11 (1851). Alis anticis luteo- 
 albidis, fusco suffusis, basi costse tantum sine squamis fuscis ; capillis 
 atris. Exp. al. 4 lin. 
 
 Head and face black. Palpi whitish. Antennae dark fuscous, basal joint 
 whitish. Anterior wings yellowish-white, almost entirely suffused with 
 dark fuscous scales, only the base of the costa remaining of the ground- 
 colour ; cilia greyish. Posterior wings pale grey, with paler cilia. 
 
 Two specimens in Mr. Bedell's collection. I have a specimen 
 taken at Lewisham from a mixed hedge, in August. 
 
 * Here I must mention the singular insect taken by Mr. Boyd among alders, in 
 the New Forc9t, last summer, and which I cannot consider Lepidopterous, though 
 so completely Ncpticuliform. Its longer autennaj, longer legs, differently-shaped 
 broader posterior wings, and neuration of the anterior and posterior wing9, would 
 clearly place it in a distinct genus, if admitted as Lepidopterous ; but the more po- 
 lished appearance of the anterior wings, and its general fades, induce me to think 
 it Trichopterous. Many of the smaller Trichoptera are continually being taken for 
 Tineina, but, except in the present instance, 1 am not aware that any difficulty has 
 been found in ultimately distinguishing them. 
 
TUIUJKI I l.A. 307 
 
 2. squamatella, Sta. Cat. p. 30 (1849). Alis anticis albidis 
 griseo-squamatis, squamis costre dorsique rarioribus, linea longitudinali 
 tenui curvata disci albida ; capillia luleis. Exp. al. 4 lin. 
 
 Head ami face luteous. Palpi whitish. Antennae fuscous, basal 
 joint whitish. Anterior wings whitish, irroratcd with grey scales, the 
 cosla and inner margin being less suffused, and a very slender curved 
 Longitudinal line on the disc, uninterruptedly whitish; cilia whitish. 
 Posterior wings pale grey ; cilia whitish. 
 
 A few specimens have occurred among broom in August, in 
 company with the following, of which perhaps it is only a variety. 
 
 3. immundella, Zell. Isis, 1839, p. 215, 339; Stn. Alis anticis 
 albidis ubique griseo-squamatis ; capillis luleis aut violaceis. Exp. al. . 
 3 J -4 lin. 
 
 Head and face luteous, sometimes violet. Palpi whitish. Antennae 
 grey, basal joint whitish. Anterior wings whitish, irrorated with grey 
 scales throughout ; cilia whitish. Posterior wings pale grey, with yellow- 
 ish cilia. 
 
 Common amongst broom in July, and at the beginning of Au- 
 gust; has occurred at Charlton, Dartford Heath, etc., and in the 
 south of Scotland. 
 
 4. pulverosella, Sta. Cat. p. 30 (1849). Alis anticis albis, 
 grosse ctnmw-squamatis, capillis ferrugineis. Exp. al. 3 lin. 
 
 Head and face ferruginous. Palpi whitish. Antennas grey, basal 
 joint whitish. Anterior wings with coarse dark ashy-grey scales, upon 
 a paler ground ; cilia yellowish-white. Posterior wings pale grey, with 
 yellowish-white cilia. 
 
 A few specimens have occurred in May and June, among wild 
 apple-bushes. 
 
ERRATA. 
 
 Page 1, line 4 from bottom, for Heterogyius read Heteroggnis. 
 3,1.7 from bottom, for will apply read well apply. 
 5, 1. 6 from bottom, for tribus rarius read tribus, rarius. 
 22, 1. 26, for Dactylus glomerulus read Vaelylis g/omerata. 
 
 22, 1. 28, for Dactylus read Daclylis. 
 
 23, 1. 9, for Daelylus glomerulus read JJuelg/is glomerala. 
 39, 1. 12 from bottom, for liruaud read Bruand. 
 47, 1. 20, for dilutis read dilute. 
 
 52, 1. 23, for there brilliant coppery read then brilliant coppery. 
 57, 1. 23, for the simplex read the simple. 
 61, bottom lino, for elongated read elongate. 
 
 75, 1. 4 from bottom, for remarkably read remarkable. 
 
 76, 1. 27, for Phokicoptera read Psoricoptera. 
 118, 1. 18 from bottom, for in quo read in qua. 
 128, 1. 16 from bottom, /b/ a slight interrupted read a slightly interrupted. 
 
 130, 1. 13 from hoiiom, for cloudy dark fascia read cloudy dark fascias. 
 
 131, 1. 14 from bottom, for albislrige/la, Step., read albistrige/la, Step.? 
 134, 1. 5 from bottom.ybr pale annulations read paler simulations. 
 137, 1. 20, after in the insert First Edition of the. 
 150, 1. 16 from bottom, for producto read produeti. 
 179, 1. IS, for a large one read a larger one. 
 180, 1. 18 and 1. 26, for /Echium read, Echium, 
 192, 1. 8 from bottom, for posteriorly dark read posteriorly darker. 
 213, 1. 21, after costam insert a comma. 
 213, 1. 8, after apicem insert a comma. 
 216, 1. 19, far galipennellu read gallipennella. 
 233, 1. 20, for median call read median cell. 
 260, 1. 19 from bottom, after and insert with a. 
 265, 1. 9,/or Wing read' Win^. 
 
 269, 1. 18 from bottom, for striking paler read strikingly paler. 
 272, 1. 6, after spotted insert with. 
 281, 1. 2, for wings read wing. 
 283, 1. I, for Wing read Wings. 
 283, 1. 13 from bottom, for non cum read mox cum. 
 803, 1. 10, for larva read larvm. 
 
INDEX. 
 
 Aorolepia 
 
 Bctulella 
 
 granitella 
 
 perlcpiJella 
 
 pygraseana 
 Adela . . 
 
 cuprella . 
 
 Degeerclla 
 
 Hbnlella 
 
 rufimitrclla 
 
 Sulzella . 
 
 viridclla . 
 .^Echmia . 
 
 dcntclla . 
 Anarsia 
 
 Genisttc . 
 
 Sparticlla 
 Anesychia 
 
 bipnnctcUa 
 
 decenigiitlclla 
 
 funcrclla 
 
 pusiclla . 
 Anybia 
 
 laugiella 
 Aplota 
 
 palpella . 
 Argyresthia 
 
 abdominalis 
 
 albislria . 
 
 Audcreggicllu 
 
 arccuthina . 
 
 aitrulentella 
 
 Brockcclla . 
 
 conjugclla . 
 
 curvclla . . 
 
 dmmella 
 
 dilectclla 
 
 ephippella 
 
 glaucinella . 
 
 169 
 
 172 
 
 171 
 
 170 
 
 171 
 
 48 
 
 61 
 
 50 
 
 49 
 
 49 
 
 49 
 
 BO 
 
 176 
 
 177 
 
 143 
 
 144 
 
 144 
 
 61 
 
 62 
 
 63 
 
 63 
 
 62 
 
 244 
 
 245 
 
 146 
 
 147 
 
 181 
 
 185 
 184 
 186 
 188 
 189 
 188 
 184 
 186 
 189 
 186 
 182 
 185 
 
 
 Page 
 
 
 Vuge 
 
 A. Goedartclla . 
 
 . 187 
 
 B. fusco-cuprea 
 
 188 
 
 literclla . 
 
 . 188 
 
 grnndipennis . 
 
 165 
 
 mendica . 
 
 . 184 
 
 inootigruella 
 
 167 
 
 nitidclla . 
 
 . 182 
 
 9enescen3 . . 
 
 166 
 
 prrecocolla . 
 
 . 189 
 
 torquatclla . . 
 
 167 
 
 purpurascentclls 
 
 . 183 
 
 variella . . . 
 
 166 
 
 pygmajclla . 
 
 . 187 
 
 Cedestis . . . 
 
 189 
 
 retiaclla 
 
 . 185 
 
 fariuatella 
 
 190 
 
 semifusca . 
 
 . 184 
 
 Gyssclinella 
 
 190 
 
 scmitc9tacella 
 
 . 183 
 
 Cemiostoma 
 
 286 
 
 Sorbiclla 
 
 . 187 
 
 Laburaclla . 
 
 287 
 
 spiuiclla . . 
 
 . 183 
 
 scitclla . . . 
 
 288 
 
 ARGYRESTHIDjE 
 
 . ISO 
 
 spartifoliclla 
 
 287 
 
 Asychna . 
 
 . 245 
 
 Cerostoma . . 
 
 69 
 
 oeratella . 
 
 . 246 
 
 alpella . . . 
 
 72 
 
 fuscociliella . 
 
 . 246 
 
 aspcrclla . . 
 
 73 
 
 modcstclla . 
 
 . 246 
 
 coslclla . . . 
 
 71 
 
 termiuclla . 
 
 . 246 
 
 borridella . . 
 
 72. 
 
 Batraohedra 
 
 . 230 
 
 lucclla . . . 
 
 72 
 
 pinicolella . 
 
 . 231 
 
 nemorclla 
 
 73 
 
 prreangusta 
 
 . 231 
 
 radiatcUa 
 
 71 
 
 Bedellia . . 
 
 . 226 
 
 scabrclla 
 
 78 
 
 somnulcntella 
 
 . 226 
 
 scquella . 
 
 70 
 
 Buceulatrix . 
 
 . 290 
 
 sylvella . . . 
 
 72 
 
 aurimaculclla 
 
 . 291 
 
 vittclla . . . 
 
 71 
 
 Boyerella . 
 
 . 293 
 
 Xylostclla . . 
 
 74 
 
 cidarella . . 
 
 . 291 
 
 Chalybe . . . 
 
 64 
 
 Cratregi . . 
 
 . 292 
 
 pyrausta . . 
 
 64 
 
 cristatclla . 
 
 . 294 
 
 Chauliodus . . 
 
 232 
 
 Demaryella . 
 
 . 292 
 
 Chajropbyllellus 
 
 234 
 
 Fraugutclla . 
 
 . 294 
 
 IUigcrcllus . . 
 
 234 
 
 1 1 ippocastanclla 
 
 . 294 
 
 insecurellu9 
 
 234 
 
 maritima 
 
 . 293 
 
 Chelaria . 
 
 142 
 
 Ulniella . . 
 
 . 291 
 
 Iliibnerella . 
 
 143 
 
 vctnstclla 
 
 . 292 
 
 Chimabaoohe 
 
 14 
 
 Butalis 
 
 . 164 
 
 lagclla . . . 
 
 15 
 
 Obcnopodiella 
 
 . 166 
 
 Pbryganclla 
 
 15 
 
 Cicadella 
 
 . 166 
 
 Chrysoolista 
 
 240 
 
 fuaco-renea . 
 
 . 165 
 
 liimaculella . 
 
 242 
 
310 
 
 
 Page 
 
 
 Pago 
 
 
 C, llavicaput . 
 
 . 242 
 
 C. i ii -iii 
 
 229 
 
 E. Albinella . 
 
 Linncclla 
 
 . 241 
 
 Lienigiella . 
 
 229 
 
 alpinella . . 
 
 Sclnankella . 
 
 . 242 
 
 Dasycera . 
 
 153 
 
 apicipunctella 
 
 Chrysooorys 
 
 . 247 
 
 Oliviclla . 
 
 155 
 
 atricomclla . . 
 
 festaliella 
 
 . 248 
 
 siUphurella . 
 
 154 
 
 Hedcllclla . . 
 
 Cleodora . . 
 
 . 142 
 
 Dasystoma . 
 
 13 
 
 biatomella . 
 
 Cytisella 
 
 . 142 
 
 Salicclla . 
 
 13 
 
 BriumiclieUa . 
 
 Coleophora . 
 
 . 208 
 
 Depressaria . 
 
 83 
 
 cerusella . . 
 
 ulbicosta 
 
 . 214 
 
 albipunctella 
 
 95 
 
 cincreopunctella 
 
 albitarsella . 
 
 . 220 
 
 Alstroomeriana . 
 
 88 
 
 collitella . . 
 
 alcyonipennella 
 
 . 211 
 
 Angelicella . 
 
 91 
 
 consortella . . 
 
 anatipenuella 
 
 . 215 
 
 applana . . . 
 
 93 
 
 cyguipennclla . 
 
 anuulatclla . 
 
 . 219 
 
 arenella . . . 
 
 87 
 
 Eleocbariclla 
 
 argentula 
 
 . 219 
 
 assimilclla . 
 
 86 
 
 gangabella . . 
 
 badiipeimella 
 
 . 224 
 
 atomclla 
 
 86 
 
 Gleichcuclla 
 
 binotapennella 
 
 . 212 
 
 badiclla . . . 
 
 99 
 
 Holdenella . . 
 
 crespititiella 
 
 . 218 
 
 Capreolella . . 
 
 90 
 
 Kilmunella . . 
 
 conspicuella 
 
 . 213 
 
 Carduclla . . 
 
 91 
 
 luticomella . . 
 
 cumicipennella 
 
 . 215 
 
 Chierophylli 
 
 98 
 
 magnificella 
 
 deauratella . 
 
 . 210 
 
 ciliella . . . 
 
 93 
 
 Megerlella . 
 
 discordella . 
 
 . 216 
 
 Ciniflonella 
 
 89 
 
 nigrella . . . 
 
 Fabriciclla . 
 
 . 210 
 
 coutcrminella . 
 
 90 
 
 obliquclla . . 
 
 Frischella . 
 
 . 211 
 
 costosa . . . 
 
 84 
 
 obscurella . . 
 
 fusccdinella . 
 
 . 221 
 
 dcpressclla . 
 
 94 
 
 occultclla 
 
 gryphipennclla 
 
 . 222 
 
 Douglasella . . 
 
 97 
 
 ochrcella . . 
 
 hcmiTobiella 
 
 . 220 
 
 emcritella . . 
 
 96 
 
 Pfeid'erella . . 
 
 juucicolclla . 
 
 . 220 
 
 graiiulosclla 
 
 94 
 
 polliuariella 
 
 Laricclla 
 
 . 220 
 
 Heracliaua . . 
 
 100 
 
 pulchclla . . 
 
 lincolca . 
 
 . 218 
 
 Hypericella . . 
 
 90 
 
 llbynchosporella 
 
 Lixclla . . 
 
 . 213 
 
 liturella . . . 
 
 85 
 
 rufoeinerea . . 
 
 lutipcuuclla 
 
 . 224 
 
 nanatclla 
 
 86 
 
 scrricornis . 
 
 muriuipcnucUa 
 
 . 218 
 
 nervosa . . 
 
 98 
 
 subnigrella . . 
 
 nigricella 
 
 . 221 
 
 occllaua . . . 
 
 92 
 
 trapeziella . . 
 
 niveicostella 
 
 . 216 
 
 pallorclla . . 
 
 85 
 
 Trcitsehkiella . 
 
 ochrca . . 
 
 . 212 
 
 Pastinacella 
 
 99 
 
 triatomca . . 
 
 olivaccclla . 
 
 . 223 
 
 Pimpinella; 
 
 95 
 
 triseriatella . . 
 
 Oiiosniclla . 
 
 . 217 
 
 propinquella 
 
 87 
 
 zonoriclla 
 
 orbitclla . 
 
 . 221 
 
 pulcherrimella . 
 
 96 
 
 Elaciiistiu^ 
 
 palliatella . 
 
 . 216 
 
 purpurea 
 
 89 
 
 Endrosis . 
 
 pai'ipcniiella 
 
 . 211 
 
 rotundella . . 
 
 94 
 
 fcncstrella . 
 
 pyrrhulipcnuell 
 
 . 214 
 
 subpropinquella 
 
 88 
 
 Enioostoma . . 
 
 saturateUa . 
 
 . 216 
 
 Umbcllana . 
 
 85 
 
 lobelia . . . 
 
 solitaviella 
 
 . 228 
 
 ultimella 
 
 98 
 
 Euplocamus 
 
 therinella 
 
 . 217 
 
 Weirella 
 
 97 
 
 Boleti . . . 
 
 troglodytella 
 
 . 217 
 
 Ycatiaua 
 
 92 
 
 "Rxtoretia . 
 
 vibicella 
 
 . 213 
 
 Diplodoma . . 
 
 20 
 
 Allisclla . . , 
 
 viminetella . 
 
 . 223 
 
 margiuepunctella 
 
 20 
 
 Exapate . 
 
 Vidneraria: . 
 
 . 214 
 
 Douglasia . . 
 
 179 
 
 gclatella . . . 
 
 Wockcella . 
 
 . 212 
 
 Ocnerostomella 
 
 180 
 
 EXAI'ATID* . . 
 
 C'OLEOPHORIDjE 
 
 . 208 
 
 Eidophasia . . 
 
 66 
 
 Qeleohia . . . 
 
 Coriscium 
 
 . 201 
 
 Messingiclla 
 
 66 
 
 acurainatclla 
 
 Brongiiiardullui 
 
 a . 202 
 
 Elachista 
 
 248 
 
 jEthiops . . 
 
 cuculipennellun 
 
 . 202 
 
 abruptella 
 
 258 
 
 aflinia . . 
 
 sulphurellum 
 
 . 203 
 
 adscitclla 
 
 269 
 
 alacella . . . 
 
 Cosmopteryx 
 
 . 228 
 
 albifroutella 
 
 252 
 
 albiceps . 
 

 Page 
 
 inucA. 
 
 Pago 
 
 
 Page 
 
 0. alcella . . 
 
 . . 128 
 
 G. nigra . . 
 
 . . 107 
 
 G. aemifascia . 
 
 . . 196 
 
 Antliyllidella 
 
 . . 183 
 
 nigricostella 
 
 . . 136 
 
 8tigmatclla . 
 
 . . 195 
 
 Artemisiella 
 
 . . 114 
 
 nigritella 
 
 . . 133 
 
 strumiuccUa 
 
 . . 195 
 
 atrclla . . 
 
 . . 134 
 
 notatella 
 
 . . 118 
 
 Swcderella . 
 
 . . 195 
 
 Atriplicella . 
 
 . 127 
 
 obsoletclla 
 
 . . 127 
 
 Syriugella . 
 
 . . 198 
 
 basalis . . 
 
 . . 105 
 
 palustrclla . 
 
 . . 109 
 
 triugipcnnella 
 
 . . 197 
 
 basalt inclhi . 
 
 . 11C 
 
 paupella . . 
 
 . . 138 
 
 GBACII,AttlID/E 
 
 . 193 
 
 bifractella 
 
 . 134 
 
 poliella . . 
 
 . . Ill 
 
 Harpella . 
 
 . 151 
 
 boreclla . . 
 
 . 116 
 
 pictella . . 
 
 . 137 
 
 Geoffrclla . 
 
 . 152 
 
 Brizella . . 
 
 . 137 
 
 politclla . . 
 
 . 118 
 
 Heliodines . 
 
 . 243 
 
 celcrclla . 
 
 . 122 
 
 Populella 
 
 . 106 
 
 Koesella 
 
 . 244 
 
 ccrcalella 
 
 . 135 
 
 proximella . 
 
 . . 118 
 
 Hypercallia 
 
 . 152 
 
 cinerella 
 
 . 103 
 
 rhombella . 
 
 . 117 
 
 Chriaticmana 
 
 . 153 
 
 Coronillclla . 
 
 . 133 
 
 rufescens 
 
 . 104 
 
 Hyponomeuta 
 
 . 58 
 
 costclla . . 
 
 . 122 
 
 sci-iptclla 
 
 . 120 
 
 Evouymellus 
 
 . 60 
 
 cuneatella . 
 
 . 110 
 
 scnectella . 
 
 . 114 
 
 irrorellus 
 
 . 60 
 
 dcsertclla 
 
 . 118 
 
 scquax . . 
 
 . 128 
 
 l'adi . . . 
 
 . 61 
 
 dillinis . . 
 
 . 112 
 
 similis . . 
 
 . 115 
 
 Padellus 
 
 . 60 
 
 distinctella . 
 
 . 121 
 
 Sircomella . 
 
 . 132 
 
 pliiinbellus . 
 
 . 59 
 
 divisclla . . 
 
 . 109 
 
 solutella . . 
 
 . 121 
 
 vigiulipunctatus . 59 
 
 dodecclla 
 
 . 180 
 
 sororculella . 
 
 . 110 
 
 Hyponomeutid^ 
 
 . 63 
 
 domestica . 
 
 . 117 
 
 subocellea . 
 
 . 139 
 
 Incurvaria 
 
 . 39 
 
 ericctclla 
 
 . 108 
 
 sufl'usella 
 
 . 134 
 
 capitella . 
 
 . 41 
 
 eiicinella 
 
 . 138 
 
 tamiolella . 
 
 . 132 
 
 muscalclla . 
 
 . 40 
 
 fratcrnclla . 
 
 . 124 
 
 temerclla 
 
 . 107 
 
 Oeblmanniella 
 
 . 41 
 
 fugitivella . 
 
 . 120 
 
 teucbrclla . 
 
 . 131 
 
 pectiuca . . 
 
 . 40 
 
 fumatella 
 
 . 108 
 
 tenebrosella 
 
 . 131 
 
 tenuicomis . 
 
 . 41 
 
 Galbanclla . 
 
 . 116 
 
 terrella . . 
 
 . 112 
 
 Lamprouia . 
 
 . 37 
 
 gemmella 
 
 . 135 
 
 tricolorella . 
 
 . 123 
 
 Luzclla . . 
 
 . 38 
 
 gcrronella . 
 
 . 104 
 
 triparclla 
 
 . 130 
 
 pralatclla . 
 
 . 38 
 
 Hermannella 
 
 . 136 
 
 velocella 
 
 . 108 
 
 quadripunctella 
 
 . 38 
 
 11 iibiieri 
 
 . 125 
 
 vicinella 
 
 . 125 
 
 Uubiclla . . 
 
 . 89 
 
 humcralis . 
 
 . 119 
 
 vilella . . 
 
 . 105 
 
 Ziamprosetia 
 
 . 39 
 
 immaculatclla 
 
 . 132 
 
 vorticella 
 
 . 132 
 
 Verhuellella 
 
 . 39 
 
 inopella . . 
 
 . 138 
 
 vulgella . . 
 
 . 119 
 
 Laverna . 
 
 . 235 
 
 inornatella . 
 
 . 104 
 
 Gelechid* . 
 
 . 75 
 
 atra . . . 
 
 . 239 
 
 instabilella . 
 
 . 126 
 
 Gl.YI'IIIl'TEKYGID 
 
 E . 169 
 
 dtcorclla 
 
 . 239 
 
 junctella 
 
 . 125 
 
 Glyphipteryx 
 
 . 173 
 
 Epilobiella . 
 
 . 238 
 
 lentigiuosella 
 
 . 107 
 
 cquitella 
 
 . 175 
 
 lacteclla . . 
 
 . 236 
 
 lcucatclla 
 
 . 128 
 
 Fiachericlla . 
 
 . 176 
 
 ochraccclla . 
 
 . 238 
 
 ligulclla . . 
 
 .131 
 
 fuscoviridclla 
 
 . 174 
 
 Phragmitclla 
 
 . 238 
 
 litlorella 
 
 . 127 
 
 Haworlhana 
 
 . 175 
 
 ]>ropiuquella 
 
 . 236 
 
 longicornia . 
 
 . Ill 
 
 oculatella 
 
 . 175 
 
 lihninuiella . 
 
 . 240 
 
 liicidella . . 
 
 . 134 
 
 Tbrasonella 
 
 . 174 
 
 Staintoni 
 
 . 237 
 
 luculclla . . 
 
 . 119 
 
 Gracilaria 
 
 . 1 '.) l. 
 
 Stepheusi 
 
 . 237 
 
 liitulcntclla . 
 
 . 135 
 
 auroguttclla 
 
 . 199 
 
 subbistrigclla 
 
 . 239 
 
 maeulea . 
 
 . 123 
 
 elongclla 
 
 . 197 
 
 Lrniocoi.i.i iiK.v: 
 
 . 264 
 
 maculiferella 
 
 . 124 
 
 falconipcnnclla 
 
 . 196 
 
 LithocoUetia 
 
 . 264 
 
 Malvella 
 
 . 105 
 
 hemidactylella 
 
 . 196 
 
 aluituliella . 
 
 . 276 
 
 marmorca . 
 
 . 126 
 
 impcrialella 
 
 . 201 
 
 Amyotella . 
 
 . 267 
 
 Moiiffclclla . 
 
 . 130 
 
 omissella . . 
 
 . 198 
 
 Cnlcdoniella 
 
 . 275 
 
 mulineUa . . 
 
 . 109 
 
 Ouonidis 
 
 . 200 
 
 carpinicolella 
 
 . 272 
 
 mundella 
 
 . 115 
 
 phasianipennella 
 
 . 199 
 
 comparclla . 
 
 . 282 
 
 nrevifcreUa . 
 
 . 136 
 
 populctorum 
 
 . 197 
 
 Coryli . . 
 
 . 270 
 
 uauclla . . . 
 
 . 129 
 
 quadi'uplella 
 
 . 200 
 
 rorylifoliella 
 
 . 274 
 
312 
 
 
 Pago 
 
 
 Page 
 
 
 L. Cramcrella . 
 
 . 277 
 
 N. Schwarziclla 
 
 . 47 
 
 (E. lunaris . 
 
 Dunningiella 
 
 . 279 
 
 Swammcrdaumiella 47 
 
 minutella . 
 
 emberizrcpcnne 
 
 la . 278 
 
 Ni> mo to is 
 
 . 51 
 
 Panzerclla . 
 
 Faginclla 
 
 . 271 
 
 cupriaccUus 
 
 . 52 
 
 pseudo-sprctclla 
 
 FroliohlElla . 
 
 . 278 
 
 fascicllus 
 
 . 52 
 
 siinilulla . . 
 
 Hcegeriella . 
 
 . 277 
 
 miuimcllus . 
 
 . 53 
 
 subaquilea . 
 
 hortella . . 
 
 . 267 
 
 Scabioscllus 
 
 . 52 
 
 tiuctella . 
 
 irradiella 
 
 . 269 
 
 Nepticula 
 
 . 295 
 
 tripuucta . . 
 
 KlemanncUa 
 
 . 280 
 
 Acctosa? . 
 
 . 303 
 
 unitclla . 
 
 Lantantlla . 
 
 . 268 
 
 angulifasciclla 
 
 . 304 
 
 Woodiclla . . 
 
 lautclla . . 
 
 . 270 
 
 anomalella . 
 
 . 297 
 
 ODgoconia 
 
 McssanicUa . 
 
 . 274 
 
 apicella . . 
 
 . 300 
 
 quadripancta . 
 
 Nicellii . . 
 
 . 279 
 
 avgcntipcdclla 
 
 . 303 
 
 Oinophila . . 
 
 nigrcsccntclla 
 
 . 269 
 
 argyropcza . 
 
 . 300 
 
 V-flava . . 
 
 pomifoliclla . 
 
 . 270 
 
 atricapitelia 
 
 . 297 
 
 Opostega 
 
 quercifoliella 
 
 . 273 
 
 aurella . . 
 
 . 305 
 
 aui'itella . . . 
 
 quinqucgnttella 
 
 . 268 
 
 CutharticeUa 
 
 . 299 
 
 crcpusculella 
 
 Koboris . . 
 
 . 266 
 
 floslactella . 
 
 . 301 
 
 salaciclla 
 
 salicicolclla . 
 
 . 271 
 
 gratiosclla . 
 
 . 305 
 
 Omix . . . . 
 
 Scabiosdla . 
 
 . 281 
 
 Hcadlcyclla 
 
 . 300 
 
 Anglicella . . 
 
 Scbrebcrella 
 
 . 280 
 
 ignobilella . 
 
 . 302 
 
 Avcllauella . . 
 
 Seopariclla . 
 
 . 275 
 
 intimclla 
 
 . 299 
 
 Betulic . . . 
 
 spinicolella . 
 
 . 271 
 
 Malella . . 
 
 . 804 
 
 Devoniella . . 
 
 Spinolclla 
 
 . 273 
 
 mnrginicolella 
 
 . 305 
 
 guttca . . . 
 
 Stettincusis 
 
 . 279 
 
 microtheriella 
 
 . 302 
 
 Loganella . 
 
 sylvclla . . 
 
 . 277 
 
 Oxyacauthella 
 
 . 298 
 
 Scoticella . 
 
 tcnclla . . 
 
 . 277 
 
 plagicolella . 
 
 . 303 
 
 scutulatclla 
 
 trifasviclla . 
 
 . 281 
 
 pygmaiella . 
 
 . 298 
 
 torquillclla . 
 
 triguttclla 
 
 . 268 
 
 <]uiii(|tiella . 
 
 . 301 
 
 Orthotaelia . . 
 
 triatrigclla . 
 
 . 281 
 
 ruficapitella 
 
 . 297 
 
 Sparganella 
 
 ulicicolella . 
 
 . 276 
 
 Salicis . . 
 
 . 302 
 
 Panoalia . . 
 
 ulmifoliella . 
 
 . 273 
 
 SeptcmbrcHa 
 
 . 299 
 
 Latrcillclla . . 
 
 vimiuulorum 
 
 . 272 
 
 scricopeza . 
 
 . 301 
 
 Lcuwcnbockella 
 
 viiiiiniclla . 
 
 . 275 
 
 siibbiinnculellu 
 
 . 300 
 
 Farasia . . 
 
 Lyonetia . 
 
 . 283 
 
 Tityrclla 
 
 . 304 
 
 Carlinclla . . 
 
 Clcrckella . 
 
 . 284 
 
 trimaculella 
 
 . 301 
 
 Lappella 
 
 padifoliella . 
 
 . 284 
 
 visccrclla 
 
 . 298 
 
 Mctzucriella 
 
 i;VOM.IIl).K 
 
 . 282 
 
 Nefticulidje 
 
 . 295 
 
 neuroptcrclla . 
 
 Micropteryx 
 
 . 42 
 
 Nothris . . 
 
 . 147 
 
 Perittia . . . 
 
 Allionclla . 
 
 . 43 
 
 Durdhamclla 
 
 . 148 
 
 ob8curcpunctcHa 
 
 Armicella . 
 
 . 43 
 
 Vcrbascella . 
 
 . 148 
 
 Phibalocera 
 
 Calthulla 
 
 . 42 
 
 Ochsenheimeric 
 
 i . 21 
 
 Quercaua 
 
 Mansuctclla 
 
 . 43 
 
 Birdclla 
 
 . 22 
 
 Phyllocnistis 
 
 purpurella . 
 
 . 44 
 
 Bisontelta . 
 
 . 23 
 
 saligna . . 
 
 Snlopiella 
 
 . 44 
 
 Vacculella 
 
 . 23 
 
 sull'iisella . . 
 
 scmipurpurella 
 
 . 45 
 
 Oonerostoma 
 
 . 191 
 
 Ploiirota . . . 
 
 Scppella 
 
 . 43 
 
 piniariclla . 
 
 . 191 
 
 bicostella . . 
 
 Sparmaunella 
 
 . 45 
 
 CBcophora 
 
 . 156 
 
 Plutella . . . 
 
 subpnrpurella 
 
 . 46 
 
 augustclla . 
 
 . 158 
 
 amiulatclla . . 
 
 Tunbtrgella 
 
 . 44 
 
 flavifrontclla 
 
 . 161 
 
 Cruciferarum . 
 
 unimaculclla 
 
 . 45 
 
 flavimaculclla 
 
 . 167 
 
 DalcUa . . . 
 
 Nomophora . 
 
 . 46 
 
 forraosella . 
 
 . 169 
 
 porrcctella . . 
 
 Carteri . . 
 
 . 47 
 
 fuscescons . 
 
 . 161 
 
 PlutellidtB . . 
 
 Mctaxclla 
 
 . 48 
 
 grandis . . 
 
 . 159 
 
 Prays . . . . 
 
 pilclla . . 
 
 . 47 
 
 Lambdella . 
 
 . 160 
 
 Curtisellus . . 
 
3 1 a 
 
 Psoricoptera 
 
 Page 
 . 100 
 
 Tinagma . . 
 
 Page 
 
 . 178 
 
 T. pellionella . 
 
 . 33 
 
 gibbosclla . 
 
 . 101 
 
 resplendellnm 
 
 . 170 
 
 picarella . 
 
 . 2» 
 
 Boslerstammia 
 
 . 172 
 
 scricicllum . 
 
 . 179 
 
 ruricolella . 
 
 . 31 
 
 Erxlebclla . 
 
 . 172 
 
 Stauueellum 
 
 . 179 
 
 rusticella 
 
 ■ 27 
 
 Soythropia . 
 
 . 57 
 
 Tinea . . 
 
 . 24 
 
 8cmifulvclla . 
 
 . 35 
 
 Cratscgella . 
 
 . 57 
 
 albipunctclla 
 
 . 32 
 
 siinplieella 
 
 . 35 
 
 Semioscopis 
 
 . 78 
 
 arcella . . 
 
 . 28 
 
 BabammaneUa 
 
 . 30 
 
 Avclliinclla . 
 
 . 7'.) 
 
 amialella 
 
 . 29 
 
 tapetzclla 
 
 . 28 
 
 Steinkellneriano 
 
 . 79 
 
 tirgciitimociilcllt 
 
 . 80 
 
 TlVETOM . . 
 
 . 16 
 
 Solenobia 
 
 . 1'.) 
 
 bisclliella 
 
 . 84 
 
 Tischoria . . 
 
 . 203 
 
 Douglasii 
 
 . 19 
 
 liisi rig&Ua . 
 
 . 35 
 
 complaiiclla . 
 
 . 203 
 
 inconspicuella 
 
 . 19 
 
 Caprimulgclla 
 
 . 32 
 
 margiaca 
 
 . 264 
 
 Sophronia . 
 
 . 148 
 
 cloacclla . . 
 
 . 31 
 
 Trifuroula 
 
 . 306 
 
 hiiincrclla 
 
 . 150 
 
 Cocbylidclla 
 
 . 32 
 
 atril'mntclla 
 
 . 806 
 
 pareiitbcsella 
 
 . 149 
 
 corlicclla 
 
 . 29 
 
 immandella . 
 
 . 307 
 
 Stathmopoda 
 
 . 227 
 
 ferruginella . 
 
 . 20 
 
 pulverosclhi . 
 
 . 307 
 
 pedella . . 
 
 . 228 
 
 Oavescentclla 
 
 . 34 
 
 squauiatclla . 
 
 . 307 
 
 Swainmerdamia 
 
 . 54 
 
 fulvimiticlla 
 
 . 27 
 
 Xysmatodoma 
 
 . 20 
 
 apicclla . . 
 
 . 55 
 
 fuscipimctclla 
 
 . 33 
 
 mclanclla 
 
 . 21 
 
 Cscaiella . . 
 
 . 55 
 
 Granella . 
 
 . 30 
 
 Ypsolophua . 
 
 . 145 
 
 griscocapitella 
 
 . 50 
 
 iuiolla . . 
 
 . 20 
 
 fasciellus . . 
 
 . 145 
 
 lutarea . . 
 
 . 56 
 
 Lapclla . . 
 
 . 34 
 
 Margincllas 
 
 . 146 
 
 Pyrella . . 
 
 . 50 
 
 misclla . . 
 
 . 33 
 
 Zelleria . . 
 
 . 191 
 
 Talteporia 
 
 . 17 
 
 ] lacbeUa . 
 
 . 27 
 
 faeciaperuiella 
 
 . 192 
 
 psomlobombyccl 
 
 a . 18 
 
 nigi'ipunctclla 
 
 . 35 
 
 liepanolla 
 
 . 192 
 
 pubieornis . 
 
 . 18 
 
 ocbraccella . 
 
 . 30 
 
 insigiiipemiclla 
 
 . 192 
 
 Theristis . . 
 
 . 74 
 
 pallcsccntclla 
 
 . 34 
 
 
 
 raudclla . . 
 
 . 74 
 
 parasitclla . 
 
 . 30 
 
 
 

I 
 
I' J, ATE L. 
 
 Family I. EXAPATIDiE. 
 
 Genus 1. Exapate. Fig. 1 a, anterior wing of Exapate gelatella; 
 1 b, posterior wing ; 1 c, head ; 1 d, portion of antenna. 
 
 Genus 2. Dasystoma. Fig. 2 a, anterior wing of Dasploma Sali- 
 cella ; 2 b, posterior wing ; 2 c, head. 
 
 Genus 3. Chimabacche. Fig. 3 a, anterior wing of Chimabacche 
 Fagella ; 3 b, posterior wing ; 3 d, portion of antenna ; 3 e, pal- 
 pus; 3'c, head of Chimabacche Phryganella. 
 
 Family II. TINEHLE. 
 
 Genus 1. Talseporia. Fig. 4 a, anterior wing of Talaporia pseudo- 
 
 bombycella ; 4 b, posterior wing ; 4 c, head ; 4 ' c, head of Talce- 
 
 poria ptibicomis ; &'d, portion of antenna. 
 Genus 2. Solenobia. Fig. 5 a, anterior wing of Solenobia incon- 
 
 spicuella ; 5 b, posterior wing ; 5 c, head. 
 Genus 3. Diplodoma. Fig. 6 «, anterior wing of Diplodoma mar- 
 
 gine-puncidla ; 6 b, posterior wing ; 6 c, head ; 6 d, portion of 
 
 antenna. 
 Genus 4. Xysmatodoma. Fig. 7 a, anterior wing of Xi/smalodoma. 
 
 melanella; 7 b, posterior wing; 7 c, head. 
 Genus 5. Ochsenheimeria. Fig. 8 a, anterior wing of Ochsen- 
 
 heimeria Birdella ; 8 b, posterior wing ; 8 c, head. 
 Genus 6. Euplocamus. Fig. 9 c, head of Euplooamm Boleii ? ; 
 
 9 d, portion of antenna of £ . 
 Genus 7- Tinea. Fig. 10 a, anterior wing of Tinea Lapella ; 10 4, 
 
 posterior wing ; 10 c, head ; 10'a, anterior wing of Tinea bisel- 
 
 liella ; 10 ' b, posterior wing; 10 ' c, head; 10 "a, anterior wing 
 
 of Tinea bislrigella ; 10 " b, posterior wing; 10 "c, head; 10 '"c, 
 
 head of Tinea oeliraceella. 
 
U'.I'IMOI'TK.IJA TIXKINA 
 
 
PLATK 11. 
 
 Family II. TINEID^E {continued). 
 
 Genus 8. Lampronia. Fig. 1 o, head of Lampronia pradalella ; 
 \'a, anterior wing of Lampronia quadripunctella ; lb, posterior 
 wing. 
 
 Genus 9. Lamprosetia. Fig. 2 c, head of Lamproselia Verhuel- 
 lella. 
 
 Genus 10. Incurvaria. Fig. 3 4', posterior wing (undenudcd) of 
 Incurvaria muscalella ; 3 c, head of tf; 3'n, anterior wing of 
 Incurvaria capitella ; 3 ' 6, posterior wing ; 3 '6,' posterior wing 
 (undenuded) ; 3 ' c, head. 
 
 Genus 11. Micropteryx. Fig. 4 a, anterior wing of Microptenjx 
 Allionella; 4 b, posterior wing ; 4 c, head ; 4 'a, anterior wing of 
 Micropteryx semipurpurella ; 4 ' b, posterior wing. 
 
 Genus 12. Nemophora. Fig. 5 a, anterior ^ wing of Nemophora 
 Swammerdammella ; 5 b, posterior wing ; 54', posterior wing (un- 
 denudcd) ; 5 c, head ; B 'b,' posterior wing (undeuuded) of Nemo- 
 phora pilella. 
 
 Genus 13. Adela. Fig. 6 a, anterior wing of Adela viridella ; 6 b, 
 posterior wing; 6 c, head of J 1 ; 6'c, head of Adela Fibulella ; 
 6 "c, head of Adela Degeerella £ . 
 
 Gunus 14. Nemotois. Fig. 7 a, anterior wing of Nemotois Scabio- 
 sellus; 7 b, posterior wing; 7 c, head of cJ; 7'c, head of Nemo- 
 tois fasciellus, ? . 
 
 Family III. HYPONOMEUTITm 
 
 Genus 1. Swammerdamia. Fig. 8 a, anterior wing of Swammer- 
 damia casiella ; 8 b, posterior wing; 8 4', posterior wing (unde- 
 nuded) ; 8 c, head. 
 
LEPIDOPTERA TIN'KIXA 
 
 PI 2 
 
P L A T B f I 1 
 
 Family III. HYPONOMEUTIDiE {continued). 
 
 Genus 2. Scythropia. Fig. 1 a, anterior wing of Scythropia Cra- 
 
 tagella ; 1 b, posterior wing ; 1 c, head. 
 Genus 3. Hyponomeuta. Fig. 2 a, anterior wing of Ilyponomeuta 
 
 Padellus ; 2 b, posterior wing ; 2 b ', posterior wing (undemided) ; 
 
 2 ' c, head of Ilyponomeuta coguatellus. 
 Genus 4. Anesychia. Fig. 3 a, anterior wing of Anesyclda fune- 
 
 rella ; 3 b, posterior wing ; 3 c, head. 
 Genus 6. Prays. Fig. 4 a, anterior wing of Prays Curlisellus ; 4 b, 
 
 posterior wing ; 4 c, head. 
 
 Family IV. PLUTELLIDjE. 
 
 Genus 1. Eidophasia. Fig. 5 a, anterior wing of Eidophasia Mes- 
 singiella ; 5 b, posterior wing ; 5 c, head. 
 
 Genus 2. Plutella. Kg. 6 a, anterior wing of Plutella Crueifera- 
 rum; 6 b, posterior wing; 6 c, head; 6 '6, posterior wing of 
 Plutella Dalella ; 6'<?, palpus. 
 
 Genus 3. Cerostoma. Fig. 7 a, anterior wing of Cerostoma radia- 
 tella; 7 b, posterior wing; 7 c, head; 1'a, anterior wing of Ce- 
 rostoma lucella ; 7 "a, anterior wing of Cerostoma scabrella ; 7 '"a, 
 anterior wing of Cerostoma nemorella ; 7 '"b, posterior wing ; 7" c, 
 head of Cerostoma Xylostella. 
 
 Genus 4. Theristis. Fig. 8 a, anterior wing of Theristis caudella ; 
 8 b, posterior wing ; 8 c, head. 
 
 Family V. GELECHID^. 
 Genus 1. Orthoteelia. Fig. 9 c, head of OrlhoUelia Sparganella. 
 Genus 2. Semioscopis. Fig. 10 a, anterior wing of Semioscopis 
 
 Steinkellneriana ,■ 10 b, posterior wing ; 10 e, palpus ; 10 'c, head 
 
 of Semioscopis Avellanella. 
 Genus 5. Exseretia- Kg. 11 c, head of Exwretia Allisella ; 11 d, 
 
 portion of antenna. 
 
LEPIDOPTERA TINK1NA. 
 
 I'l 3 
 
 
PLATE IV. 
 
 Family V. GELECHID.E (continued). 
 
 Genus 3. Enicostoma. Eig. 1 a, anterior wing of Enicostoma lo- 
 belia ; 1 8, posterior wing ; 1 c, head. 
 
 Genus 4. Phibalocera. Fig. 2 a, anterior wing of Phibalocera 
 Quercana ; 2 b, posterior wing ; 2 c, head. 
 
 Genus 6. Depressaria. Fig. 3 a, anterior wing of Depressaria 
 applaud; 3 b, posterior wing; 3 c, head. 
 
 Genus 7. Psoricoptera. Fig. 4 c, head of Vsoricopiera gibbosella. 
 
 Genus 8. Gelechia. Fig. 5 a, anterior wing of Gelechia rufescens ; 
 
 5 b, posterior wing ; 5 c, head ; 5 '«, anterior wing of Gelechia 
 Populella ; b'b, posterior wing ; 5 ' c, head ; 5"e, head of Gelechia 
 teeniolella ; 5"'c, head of Gelechia naviferella ; 5 ""a, anterior 
 wing of Gelechia subucellea ; 5""b, posterior wing; 5""c, head. 
 
 Genus 9. Parasia. Fig. 6 a, anterior wing of Parasia CarUnella ; 
 
 6 b, posterior wing ; 6 'c, head of Parasia Lappella. 
 
 Genus 10. Cleodora. Fig. 7 a, anterior wing of Cleodora Oylisella ; 
 
 7 b, posterior wing ; 7 c, head. 
 
 Genus 11. Chelaria. Fig. 8 c, head of Chelaria Hiibnerella. 
 Genus 12. Anarsia. Fig. 'J a, anterior wing of Anarsia Sparliella ; 
 
 9 b, posterior wing ; 9 e, head of ? ; 9 e, palpus of <$ . 
 Genus 13. Ypsolophus. Fig. 10 a, anterior wing of Ypsolophus 
 
 marginellus ; 1 b, posterior wing ; 10 0, head. 
 Genus 14. Aplota. Fig. 11 c, head of Aylota palpella. 
 Genus 15. Nothris. Fig. 12 a, anterior wing of Nothris Verbas- 
 
 cella ; 12 I), posterior wing ; 12 c, head. 
 
LKPIDOPTERA TTOEINA 
 
 l'l !■ 
 
 Wing t TV; 
 
PLATE v. 
 
 Family V. GELECHIDiE (continued). 
 
 Genus 16, Sophronia. Fig. 1 «, anterior wing of Sophronia pa- 
 
 renlhesella ; 1 b, posterior wing ; 1 c, head. 
 Genus 17. Pleurota. Fig. 2 a, anterior wing of Pleurola bicodella ,- 
 
 2 b, posterior wing ; 2 c, head. 
 Genus 18. Harpella. Fig. 3 a, anterior wing of Harpella Oeof- 
 
 frella ; 3 b, posterior wing ; 3 c, head. 
 Genus 19. Hypercallia. Fig. 4 a, anterior wing of Eypercallia 
 
 Chridiemana ; 4 b, posterior wing ; 4 c, head. 
 Genus 20. Dasycera. Fig. 5 a, anterior wing of Dasycera sulphu- 
 
 rella ; 5 b, posterior wing ; 5 c, head. 
 Genus 21. CCcophora. Fig. 6 a, anterior wing of (Ecophora pseudo- 
 
 spreiella ; 6 b, posterior wing ; 6 c, head. 
 Genus 22. CEgoconia. Fig. 7 a, anterior wing of (Egoconia quadri- 
 
 puncta ; 7 b, posterior wing ; 7 0, head. 
 Genus 23. Endrosis. Fig. 8 a, anterior wing of Endrom fenes- 
 
 trella ; 8 b, posterior wing ; 8 4', posterior wing (undenuded) ; 
 
 8 e, head. 
 Genus 24. Butalis. Fig. 9 a, anterior wing of Butalis grandipen- 
 
 nis ; 9 b, posterior wing ; 9 c, head ; 9 ' c, head of Butalis tor- 
 
 rjuatella ; 9 "a, anterior wing of Butalis incongruella ; 9"b, pos- 
 terior wing ; 9 "c, head. 
 Genus 25. Pancalia. Fig. 10 a, anterior wing of Pancalia Leuwen- 
 
 hoekella; 10 b, posterior wing ; 10 c, head. 
 
 Family VI. GLYPHIPTERYGID^E. 
 
 Genus 1. Acrolepia. Fig. 11 a, anterior wing of Acrolcpia grani- 
 
 tella; 114, posterior wing; 11 c, head. 
 Genus 2. Roalerstammia. Fig. 12 a, anterior wing of Riisler- 
 
 stammia Erxlebella ; 12 b, posterior wing ; 12 c, head. 
 
! 
 
PLATE VI. 
 
 FAMILY VI. GLYPHIPTERYGID/E (continued). 
 
 Genus 3. Glyphipteryx. Fig. 1 a, anterior wing of Glyphipteryx 
 
 fuscoviridella ; 1 b, posterior wing; l'c, head of Glyphipteryx 
 
 Thrasonella ; 1 ' d, portion of antenna. 
 Genus 4. ./Echmia. Fig. 2 a, anterior wing of JEchmia dentella ; 
 
 2 b, posterior wing ; 2 c, head. 
 Genus 5. Perittia. Fig. 3 a, anterior wing of Perittia obscure- 
 
 punctella; 3 b, posterior wing; 3 c, head. 
 Genus 6. Tinagma. Fig. 4 a, anterior wing of Tinagma sericiellum ; 
 
 4 b, posterior wing ; 4 e, head. 
 Genus 7. Douglasia. Fig. 5 a, anterior wing of Douglasia ocnero- 
 
 domelh i; 5 b, posterior wing ; 5 c, head. 
 
 Family VII. ARGYRESTHID^l. 
 
 Genus 1. Argyresthia. Fig. 6 a, anterior wing of Argyrestkia 
 nitidella ; 6b, posterior wing; 6'c, head of Argyrestkia ephip- 
 pella ; 6 "a, anterior wing of Argyresthia arceutkina. 
 
 Genus 2. Cedestis. Fig. 7 a, anterior wing of Cedestis farinatella ; 
 7 b, posterior wing; 7 c, head (front view); 7c', head (side 
 view). 
 
 Genus 3. Ocnerostoma. Fig. 8 a, anterior wing of Ocnerostoma 
 piniariella ; 8 b, posterior wing; 8 c, head. 
 
 Genus 4. Zelleria. Fig. 9 a, anterior wing of Zelleria hepariella ; 
 9 b, posterior wing ; 9 c, head. 
 
 Family VIII. GRACILABIIDiE. 
 
 Genus 1. Gracilaria. Fig. 10 a, anterior wing of Gracilaria stig- 
 matella ; 10 b, posterior wing; 10 c, head; 10 'a, anterior wing 
 of Gracilaria omissella ; 10 ' b, posterior wing ; 10 ' c, head. 
 
 Genus 2. Coriscium. Fig. 11a, anterior wing of Coriscium Brong- 
 niardellum; lib, posterior wing; 11 c, head; 11 ' e, palpus of 
 Coriscium snlphurellum . 
 
 Genus 3. Omix. Fig. 12 a, anterior wing of Ornix Anglicella ; 
 12 b, posterior wing ; 12 ' c, head of Ornix Scoticella. 
 
LEPIDOPTERA TINBISA 
 
 I'c ■ ■' 
 
 1*1 6 
 
 
PLATE VII. 
 
 Family IX. COLEOPHORLDjE. 
 
 Genus 1 . Coleophora. Fig. 1 a, anterior wing of Coleophora ana- 
 iipennella ; 1 b, posterior wing ; 1 ' 0, head of Coleophora Fabri- 
 tiella ; \"d, portion of antenna of Coleophora paripennella ; \'"d, 
 portion of antenna of Coleophora ochrea. 
 
 Family X. ELACHISTIDiE. 
 
 Genus 1. Bedellia. Fig. 2 a, anterior wing of Bedellia somnulen- 
 
 tella ; 2 b, posterior wing ; 2 c, head. 
 Genus 2. Stathmopoda. Fig. 3 a, anterior wing of Slathmopoda 
 
 pedella ; 3 b, posterior wing ; 3 c, head ; 8 d, portion of antenna. 
 Genus 3. Cosmopteryx. Fig. 4 a, anterior wing of Cosmopteryx 
 
 Drurella ,• 4 b, posterior wing j 4 c, head ; 4 h, hind leg. 
 Genus 4. Batrachedra. Fig. 5 a, anterior wing of Batrachedra 
 
 prceangnsta ; 5 b, posterior wing ; 5 c, head. 
 Genus 5. Oinophila. Fig. 6 a, anterior wing of Oinophila V-fiava; 
 
 6 b, posterior wing ; 6 c, head. 
 Genus 6. Chauliodus. Fig. 7 a, anterior wing of Chauliodus Chce- 
 
 rophyllellus ; 7 b, posterior wing; 7 c, head; T a, anterior wing 
 
 of Chauliodus insecurellus. 
 Genus 7. Laverna. Fig. 8 a, anterior wing of Lavema Slaintoni ; 
 
 8 b, posterior wing; 8'c, head of Laverna lacteella ; 8" a, an- 
 terior wing of Laverna Epilobiella ; 8"b, posterior wing; 8"'c, 
 
 head of Laverna ochraceella ; 8"" a, anterior wing of Laverna 
 
 atra; 8 ""A, posterior wing. 
 Genus 8. Chrysoclista. Fig. 9 a, anterior wing of Chrysoclista 
 
 Linneella j 9 b, posterior wing ; 9 c, head ; 9 'b, posterior wing of 
 
 Chrysoclista Schran/cella ; 9 " b, posterior wing of Chrysoclista Jla- 
 
 vicaput ; 9 " c, head. 
 Genus 9. Heliodines. Fig. 10 a, anterior wing of Heliodines 
 
 Itoesella; 10 b, posterior wing; 10 c, head. 
 Genus 10. Anybia. Fig. 11 a, anterior wing of Anybia lawjklla; 
 
 11 b, posterior wing ; 11 c, head. 
 
LEPIDOPTERA TIXKINA 
 
 I'l 7 
 
 i 
 
FLATE V [II. 
 
 Family X. ELACHISTIDiE (confirmed). 
 
 Genus 11. Asyclma. Fig. 1 a, anterior'wing of Asychm modestella ; 
 1 b, posterior wing'; 1 c, head ; 1 'a, anterior wing of Asychna 
 aratella ; 1 ' b, posterior wing ; l'e, head ; ]'V, head of Asychna 
 
 I it in tndla. 
 
 Genus 12. Chrysocorys. Fig. 2 a, anterior wing of C/irgsocorgs 
 festaUMa ; 2 /;, posterior wing ; 2 c, head. 
 
 Genus 13. Elachista. Fig. 3 a, anterior wing of Machista obscu- 
 
 rella ; 3 b, posterior wing j 3 c, head. 
 Genus 14. Tischeria. Fig. 4 a, anterior wing of T&eheria com- 
 
 planella ; 4 b, posterior wing; 4 c, head of £ . 
 
 Family XI. LITHOCOLLETIDJI. 
 
 Genus L. Lithocolletis. Fig. 5 «, anterior wiug of Lithocolletis 
 Messaniella ; 5 b, posterior wing ; 5 c, head. 
 
 Family XII. LYONETIDiE. 
 
 Genus 1. Lyonetia. Fig. 6 a, anterior wing of Lyonetia Clerckella ; 
 6 4, posterior wing; 6 c, head (front view); 6c', head (side 
 view). 
 
 Genus 2. Phyllocnistis. Fig. 7 a, anterior wing of PhyllocnisMs 
 
 siijfi'.sdla :; 7 b, posterior wing ; 7 e, head. 
 
 Genus 3. Cemiostoma. Fig. 8 «, anterior wing of Oemiaptoma 
 
 Labumtlla ; 8 b, posterior wing; 8 c, head; 8' a, anterior wing 
 of Cemiosloma scitella <. ; 8 ' b, posterior wing; 8'c, liead. 
 
 Genus 4. Opostega. Fig. 9 a, anterior wing of Opostega salaciella . 
 9 b, posterior wing ; 9 c, head. 
 
 Genus 5. Bucculatrix. Fig. 10 a, anterior wing of Bucciduln,,- 
 Cratmgi ; 10 b, posterior wing ; 10 c, head. 
 
 Family XIII. NEPTICULIDiE. 
 
 Genus 1. Nepticula. Fig. 11 a, anterior wing of Nepticula gra- 
 tiosella ; 1 1 b, posterior wing ; 11 ' e, head of Nepticula aurella ; 
 11" a, anterior wing of Nepticula subbimaculella. 
 
 Genus 2. Trifurcula. Fig. 12 a, anterior wing of Trifurcula im- 
 mundella; 12 b, posterior wing; 12 c, head. 
 
I.KI'IDOH'KKA TIM'.INA 
 
 . 
 
PLATE IX. 
 
 Fig. 
 1. 
 2. 
 3. 
 4. 
 5. 
 
 Exapate gelatella. 
 Ochsenheimeria Birdella. 
 Tinea Lapella. 
 Micropteryx Salopiella. 
 Nemotois Scabiosellus. 
 Swammerdamia Pyrclla. 
 Hyponomeuta vigintipunctatus 
 Plutella Cruciferarum. 
 Cerostoma Xylostella. 
 Depressaria Alstroemeriana. 
 Gelechia Malvella. 
 Gelechia Herraannella. 
 Sophronia parenthesella. 
 (Ecophora grandis. 
 Butalis grandipenuis. 
 
 Fig. 
 
 16. Glypliipteryx cquitella. 
 
 17. Tinagma resplendcllum. 
 
 18. Argyrcstbia nitidella. 
 
 19. Gracilaria Swederella. 
 
 20. Coleophora lineolea. 
 
 21. Bedellia somnulcntella. 
 
 22. Cosmopteryx Lienigiella. 
 
 23. Laverna propinquella. 
 
 24. Elachista gangabella. 
 
 25. Elachista cerusella. 
 2G. Tischeiia mai'ginca. 
 
 27. Lithocolletis sylvella. 
 
 28. Lithocolletis Stettinensis. 
 2'J. Cemiostoma scitella. 
 
 30. Nepticula sericopeza. 
 
I.KI'IDOPTERA TINKINA 
 
 PJ.9. 
 
 
 
PLATE X. 
 
 Pig. 1, larva of Chimabacche Fagella ; 1 a, united birch-leaves, showing 
 
 the larva between them. 
 Fig. 2, larva of a Solenobia (the species is not known, no males having 
 
 been bred) ; 2 a, the cases attached to lichen on a fence ; 2 b, the 
 
 case, much magnified. 
 Fig. 3, larva of Ocltsenheimeria Birdella ; 3 a, section of a grass-stem, 
 
 showing the larva burrowing down the centre. 
 Pig. 4, larva of Tinea biselliella ; 4 a, gallery formed by the larva feed- 
 ing among feathers ; 4 ' b, case of Tinea pellionella on a feather. 
 Fig. 5, larva of Lampronia pralatella ; 5 a, leaf of wild strawberry 
 
 eaten by the larva, with the case attached to the under-side ; 5 b, 
 
 the case, much magnified. 
 Fig. 6, larva of Incurvaria peclinea ; 6 a, the larva in its case, feeding 
 
 on a fallen oak-leaf. 
 Fig. 7, larva of Incurvaria capitella ; 7 a, a currant-shoot withering 
 
 from the effect of a larva of Incurvaria capitella feeding in the 
 
 stem. 
 Fig. 8, larva of Swammerdamia pyrella ; 8 a, the larva in its web, be- 
 tween united cherry-leaves. 
 Fig. 9, larva of Plutella porreclella ; 9 a, the larva feeding on a leaf of 
 
 Hesperis malronalis. 
 Fig. 10, larva of Orthotmlia Sparganella ; 10 a, stem of Sparganium, 
 
 eaten by the larva. 
 Pig. 11, larva of a Depressaria, which feeds on Cenlaurea nigra (the 
 
 species is not known, the perfect insect not having been bred) ; 
 
 11 a, leaf of Cenlaurea nigra, contorted by the larva. 
 Fig. 12, larva of Gelechia pemigrella ; 12 a, shoot of sallow tenanted 
 
 by the larva. 
 Fig. 13, larva of Parasia Carlinella ; 13 a, section of seed-head of 
 
 Carlina vulgaris, showing the larva feeding below the seeds. 
 Pig. 14, larva of (Ikophora unitella ; 14 a, piece of decayed wood bur- 
 rowed by the larva. 
 Fig. 15, larva of Glypldplergx eqiiitella ; 15 a, shoots of Sedum acre, 
 
 the middle one bleached by the excavations of the larva. 
 Pig, 10, larva of Argyredhia nitidella ; 16 a, shoots of hawthorn, eaten 
 
 by the larva. 
 Fig. 1 7 , larva of Gracilaria Swederella ; 1 7 a, cone on an oak-leaf, formed 
 
 by the larva. 
 Fig. 18, larva of Ornix Anglicella ; 18 a, cone on hawthorn-leaf, formed 
 by the larva. 
 
 [Continued. 
 
Fig. 19, larva of Coleophora troglodytella ; 19 «, leaf of Eupatoria 
 
 cannabinum mined by the larva; 19 b, case, much magnified. 
 Fig. 20, larva of Bedellia somnulentella ; 20 a, leaf of Convolvulus ar- 
 
 vensis mined by the larva. 
 Fig. 21, larva of Chauliodus Charoph/Uellus ; 21 a, piece of a leaf of 
 
 Anthriscus sylvestris eaten half through by the larva. 
 Fig. 22, larva of Cliryaoclista Idnneella ,• 23 a, piece of inner bark of 
 
 the lime-tree burrowed by the larva. 
 
 Fig. 23, larva of Elaclmta cerusella ; 23 a, leaf of Arundo Phragmites 
 mined by the larva. 
 
 Fig 24, larva of Tischeria margined ; 24 a, bramble-leaf mined by the 
 larva. 
 
 Fig. 25, larva of Lithocolletis carpinicolella ; 25 a, leaf of hornbeam 
 mined by the larva. 
 
 Fig. 26, larva of Cemiostoma Laburnella ,• 26 a, mine of the larva in a 
 laburnum-leaf. 
 
 Fig. 27, adult larva of BucculatrLv Crattegi ; 27 a, hawthorn-leaf eaten 
 half through by the larva. 
 
 Fig. 28, larva of a Nepticula, which feeds on Potenlilla fragariattrwn 
 (the species is not known, the perfect insect, not having been bred) ; 
 28 a, leaf of Potenlilla fragariastrum, with the mine of the larva. 
 
XEPIDOPTERA TJNE1NA 
 
 }'l JO 
 
t 
 
LIST OF WORKS 
 PRINCIPALLY ON NATURAL HISTORY, 
 
 I'UllUSIIF.D BY 
 
 LOVELL REEVE, 
 
 5, HENRIETTA STREET, COVENT GARDEN. 
 
 BOTANY. 
 
 PHYCOLOGIA BRITANNICA ; or, History of the British Sea- 
 weeds; containing coloured figures, and descriptions, of all 
 the species of Alga; inhabiting the shores of the British 
 Islands. By Professsor Hauvey, M.D., M.B.I. A., Keeper 
 of the Herbarium of the University of Dublin, and Professor 
 of Botany to the Dublin Society. The price of the work, 
 complete, strongly bound in cloth, is as follows : — 
 In three vols, royal 8vo, arranged in thel „. ,, r 
 
 order of publication J 
 
 In four vols, royal 8vo, arranged sy sterna- 1 „„ ^ ( . 
 
 tically according to the Synopsis j 
 
 A few Copies have been printed on large paper. 
 
 "The 'History of British Sea-weeds' we can most faithfully recommend for 
 its scientific, its pictorial, and its popular value; the professed botanist will find 
 it a work of the highest character, whilst those who desire merely to know the 
 names and history of the lovely plants which they gather on the sea-shore, will 
 find in it the faithful portraiture of every one of them." — Annals and Matja:ine 
 of Natural History. 
 
 " The drawings arc beautifully executed by the author himself on stone, the 
 dissections carefully prepared, and the whole account, of the species drawn up in 
 such a way as cannot fail to be instructive, even to those who arc well acquainted 
 with the subject. The greater part of our more common Alga) have never been 
 illustrated in a manner agreeable to the present stato of Algology." — Gardeners' 
 Chronicle. 
 
 NEREIS AUSTRALIS ; or, Illustrations of the Algse of the 
 Southern Ocean. By Professor Harvey, M.D., M.R.I.A. 
 To be completed in Pour Parts, each containing twenty-five 
 plates, imp. 8vo. Price 1/. Is. coloured. Parts I. and 11. 
 recently published, 
 "Of this most important contribution to our knowledge of exotic Alga), wc 
 
 know not if we can pay it a higher compliment than by saying it is worthy of the 
 
WOEKS I'UIIUSUKD BY 
 
 iiuthor. It should be observed that the work is not a selection of certain species, 
 hut an arranged system of all that is known of Australian Algae, accompanied by 
 figures of the new and rare ones, especially of those most remarkable for beauty 
 of form and colour." — London Journal of Botany. 
 
 THE RHODODENDRONS OF SIKKIM-HIMALAYA. With 
 drawings and descriptions made on the spot. By J. D. 
 .Hooker, M.D., F.R.S. Edited by Sir W. J. Hooker, 
 D.C.L., F.R.S. In handsome imperial folio, with thirty plates. 
 Price 3/. 16«. coloured. 
 " In this work we have the first results of Dr. Hooker's botanical mission 
 to India. The announcement is calculated to startle some of our readers when 
 they know that it was only last January twelvemonths that the Doctor arrived 
 in Calcutta. That he should have ascended the Himalaya, discovered a num- 
 ber of plants, and that they should be published in England in on almost 
 
 UNEQUALLED STYLE OK MAGNIFICENT ILLUSTRATION, ill le88 than eighteen 
 
 months — is one of the marvels of our time."— Athei 
 
 " A most beautiful example of line drawing and skilful colouring, while the 
 letter-press furnished by the talented author possesses very high interest. Of 
 the species of Rhododendron which he has found in his adventurous journey, 
 some are <mitc unrivalled in magnificence of appearance." — Gardeners' Chronicle. 
 
 POPULAR ECONOMIC BOTANY ; or, Description of the Bo- 
 tanical and Commercial Characters of the Principal Articles of 
 Vegetable Origin, used for Pood, Clothing, Tanning, Dyeing, 
 Building, Medicine, Perfumery, etc. Illustrated from the 
 Liverpool Collection of the Great Exhibition. By T. C. 
 Akcuer, Collector of Economic Botany to the New Crystal 
 Palace. Royal 16mo, with twenty plates of figures. Price 
 1 0*. 6cl. coloured. 
 " Mr. Archer's volume, we are surprised to find, is the first popular book 
 that has been devoted exclusively to the commercial products of the Vegetable 
 Kingdom— of that which constitutes nine-twelfth! of the whole commerce in 
 raw produce giving employment to our vast mercantile marine. . . . We can 
 heartily recommend this most useful and entertaining little book." — Examiner. 
 
 " Every production of the vegetable world which tends to the use, the com- 
 fort, or the luxury of mankind, is noticed in ils pages. . . . The illustrated figures 
 of the principal among them have been executed in a Style hitherto only to he 
 found in the most costly works of descriptive Hotnny." — Leicestershire Mercury:. 
 " Practically and scientifically qualified for his task, Mr. Archer has succeeded 
 in giving his information with clearness and conciseness, so vital to the success 
 of every popular manual." — Britannia. 
 
 POPULAR HISTORY OF BRITISH SEA-WEEDS, comprising 
 all the Marine Plants. By the Rev. David LandsbokoTTGH, 
 A.L.S., Member of the Wernerian Society of Edinburgh. 
 Second Edition. With twenty-two plates by Fitch. Royal 
 lfimo. Price lO.f. 6rf. coloured 
 " A work of much general interest. The descriptions are scientific as well ns 
 
 popular, and the plates are clear and explicit. Not only the forms, but the uses of 
 
LOVEI,L REEVE, HENRIETTA STREET. 
 
 Algtc, are minutely described. It is a worthy sea-side companion— a hand- 
 book for every occasional or permanent resident on the sea-shore." — Economist. 
 
 "Those who wish to make themselves acquainted with British Sea-weeds, 
 <annot do belter than begin with this elegantly illustrated manual."— Globe: 
 
 "This elegant work, though intended for beginners, is well worthy the perusal 
 of those advanced in the science." — Morning Herald. 
 
 POPULAR HISTORY OF BRITISH FERNS, comprising all 
 
 the Species. By Thomas Mooiie, F.L.8. With twenty plates 
 
 by Fitch. Royal 16mo. Price 10*. 6rf. coloured. 
 
 "Mr. Moore's ' Popular History of British Ferns' forms one of the numerous 
 
 elegant and instructive books by which Messrs. Reeve and Co. have endeavoured 
 
 to popularize the study of Natural History. In the volume before us, Mr. 
 
 i Moore gives a clear account of the British Ferns, witl directions for theukcul- 
 
 • tivation ; accompanied by numerous coloured plates neatly illustrated, and prc- 
 
 j ceded by a general introduction on the natural character of this graceful class of 
 
 \ plants." — Spectator. 
 
 " We have rarely seen a publication relating to plants where the object aimed 
 I at is more fully accomplished than in this elegant volume." '- - Hooker's Journal '. 
 
 " A prettily got-up book, and fit for a drawing-room table."— The I'ricud. 
 £ 'Twenty elegant coloured plates give figures of nearly all our choicest Bri- 
 s fish Ferns, accompanied by a description in an easy and interesting style ; besides 
 J which, the scientific classification and nomenclature is given for the benefit of the 
 ; more advanced student." — Liverpool Standard. 
 
 POPULAR FIELD BOTANY j containing a familiar and tech- 
 nical description of the plants most common to the British 
 Isles, adapted to the study of either the Artificial or Natural 
 Systems. By Agnes Catlotv. Third Edition. Arranged 
 in twelve chapters, each being the Botanical lesson for the 
 month. With twenty plates of figures. Royal Kiino. Price 
 10*. 6c?. coloured. 
 " The design of this work is to furnish young persons with a Self-instructor in 
 Botany, enabling them with little difiiculty In discover lie scientific names of I he 
 - common plants they may find in their country rambles, to which are appended a 
 > few facts respecting their uses, habits, &c. The plants are classed in months, the 
 | illustrations arc nicely coloured, and the hook is altogether an elegant, ns well as 
 ' useful present." — Illustrated London News. 
 
 (Under the Authority of the Lords Commissioners of the Admiralty.) 
 
 i FLORA ANTARCTICA j or, Botany of the Antarctic Voyage of 
 
 H.M. Discovery Ships Erebus and Terror, during the years 
 
 1839-1843, under the command of Capt. Sir James Clark 
 
 Ross, R.N., F.R.S. By J. D. Hookeh, M.D., F.R.S., &c., 
 
 Botanist to the Expedition. In two vols. Royal 4- to, cloth, 
 
 I containing two hundred plates. Price 10/. 15*. coloured ; 
 
 j 7/. 10*. plain. 
 
 *»* The Cryptogamic portion of this work may be had scpa- 
 
4 WORKS PUBLISHED BY 
 
 lately, in one volume, royal 4to, with seventy-four plates. Price 
 'M. 4s. coloured; 21. 17s. plain. 
 
 "The descriptions of the plants in tills work are carefully drawn up, and much 
 interesting matter, critical, explanatory, and historical, is added in the form 
 of notes.* The drawings of the plants arc admirably executed by Mr. Fitch; 
 and we know of no productions from his pencil, or, in fact, any botanical illus- 
 trations nt nil, that are superior in faithful representation and botanical correct- 
 ness." — Alhenaum. 
 
 (Under the Authority of the Lords Commissioners of the Admiralty.) 
 FLORA OF NEW ZEALAND. By Dr. J. D. Hookeh, F.R.S. 
 Published in Parts, each containing Twenty Plates. Price 
 31s. 6rf. coloured; 21s. plain. 
 "-When completed, this will he the most important work that has yet appeared 
 in illustration of the vegetation of the British Australian possessions. . . . Let 
 us add, that the beautiful execution of the work renders it a ' library-hook,' even 
 to those who are not interested about natural history." — Gardeners' Chronicle. 
 
 CURTIS'S BOTANICAL M ACA/.IN E (commenced in 1786); 
 
 Continued by Sir W. .1. IIookeu, E.H.S., D.C.L., &c, Director \ 
 
 of the Royal Gardens of Kew. 
 %* Published in monthly numbers, each containing six plates, 
 price 3s. %d. coloured ; and in annual volumes, price 42s. 
 
 HOOKER'S JOURNAL OF BOTANY and KEW GARDENS \ 
 Miscellany. Edited by Sir YV. J. Hooker, D.C.L., F.R.S., I 
 Director of the Royal Gardens, Kew. 
 This Botanical Journal, in addition to original papers by 
 Eminent Botanists, contains the Botanical News of the month, 
 Communications from Botanical Travellers, Notices of New 
 : Books, &c. 
 
 ' * i * In monthly numbers, with a plate, price 2s. 
 
 \ THE LONDON JOURNAL OF BOTANY. Edited by Sir W. 
 J. Hookeb, D.C.L., E.R.S., etc. Vol. VII., completing the 
 series. 8vo, with twenty-three plates. Price 30s. plain. 
 
 \ ICONES PLANTARUM; or, Figures, with brief descriptive 
 characters and remarks, of new and rare Plants. 8vo. 
 New Series. Vol. V. With two hundred plates. 31s. <ad. plain. 
 
 ; ILLUSTRATIONS OF BRITISH MYCOLOGY; containing 
 Figures and Descriptions of the Funguses of interest and 
 novelty indigenous to Britain. First Series. By Mrs. IIussey. 
 4to, cloth gilt, with ninety bountifully drawings. Price 
 11. 12s. M. coloured. 
 " This talented lady and her sister were in the first instance induced to draw 
 some of the more striking Fungi, merely as picturesque objects. Their collection 
 
LOVELL REEVE, HENRIETTA STREET. 
 
 of drawings at length became important from their number and acc\iracy, and 
 
 B long continued study of the nutritive properties of Fungi has induced I lie , 
 
 J former to lay the results of her investigations before the public, under the > 
 
 : form of illustrations of the more useful and interesting species. The figures ! 
 
 are so faithful that there can be no difficulty in at once determining with i 
 
 > certainty the objects they arc intended to represent; and the observations will 
 be found of much interest to the general reader." — Gardeners' Chronicle. 
 
 "This is an elegant and interesting hook : it would be an ornament to the > 
 
 : drawing-room table; but it must not, therefore, be supposed that the value of ! 
 
 the work is not intrinsic, for a great deal of new and valuable matter accompanies \ 
 
 ; the plates, which arc not fancy sketches, but so individualized and life-like, that > 
 
 > to mistake any species seems impossible. The accessories of each are significant ' 
 ' of site, soil, and season of growth, so that the botanist may study with advantage 
 
 i what the artist may inspect with admiration." — Morning Post. 
 
 \ ILLUSTRATIONS OF BRITISH MYCOLOGY; containing 
 
 Figures and Descriptions of the Funguses of interest and !« 
 novelty indigenous to Britain. Second Series. By Mrs. Hussey. 
 Publishing in Mqpthly Parts, coloured drawings, price 5*. \ 
 
 VOICES FROM THE WOODLANDS; or, History of Forest 
 Trees, Lichens, Mosses, and Ferns. By Mary Roberts. I 
 Elegantly bound. With twenty Plates of Forest Scenery, \ 
 by Pitch. Royal 16mo. Price 10*. 6d. coloured. 
 "This work includes a wide range of genera, from the lichen to the oak, and ' 
 by way of giving variety to a subject so commonplace, the several plants are sup- j 
 ] posed to tell their own stories, and describe their own family peculiarities." — Atlas, j 
 " The fair authoress of this pretty volume has shown more than the usual ; 
 ; good taste of her sex in the selection of her mode of conveying to the young 
 
 > interesting instruction upon pleasing topics. She bids them join in a ramble 
 ', through the sylvan wilds, and at her command 1 he fragile lichen, the gnarled oak, 
 '; the towering beech, the graceful chestnut, and the waving poplar discourse elo- 
 5 quently, and tell tlieir respective histories and uses." — Britannia. 
 
 \ THE VICTORIA REG I A. By Sir W . J. Hooker, F.B.S., D.C.L. 
 
 In elephant folio. Illustrated on a large scale by W. Fitch. 
 
 Eeduced to 21s. 
 ; The work on the Royal Water Lily contains four plates of very 
 large size, expensively coloured, illustrative of the different stages of 
 ' flowering and fruiting, with analyses of structure, as follows: — 
 
 1. A view of the entire plant, Bower, fruit, and leaves, on the 
 
 water. 
 
 2. A flower of the natural size in progress of expanding, together 
 
 with as much of the enormous foliage as the broad diincn- 
 
 Isions of the paper will admit. 
 3. A fully expanded flower of the natural size, with foliage, &c. 
 4. A vertical section of the fully developed flower, with various 
 dissections and analyses. 
 " Although many works have been devoted to the illustration and description 
 
t) WORKS PUBLISHED BY 
 
 of the Victoria regia, it seemed still to want one which, whilst it gave an accu- 
 rate botanical description of the plant, should at the same time show the natural 
 size of its gigantic flowers. This object has been aimed at l>y the combined la- 
 bours of Sir W. Hooker and Mr. Fitch, and with distinguished success. Tho 
 illustrations are everything that could he desired in the shape of botanical 
 drawings. They are accurate, and they are beautiful."— Alhentrum. 
 
 A CENTURY OF ORCHIDACEOUS PLANTS, selected from 
 
 those most worthy of cultivation figured in Curtis's Botanical 
 
 Magazine, with coloured figures and dissections, chiefly 
 
 executed by Mr. Pitch ; the descriptions (entirely re-written) 
 
 by SirW. J. Hooker, F.R.S., D.C.L. With an 'introduction 
 
 on the culture of Orchidaceae generally, and on the treatment 
 
 of each genus; by J. C. Lyons, Esq. Koyal 4to, containing 
 
 one hundred plates. Price Five Guineas, coloured. 
 
 " In the exquisile illustrations to this splendid volume full justice has been 
 
 rendered to the oddly formed and often brilliantly coloured flowers of this curious 
 
 and interesting tribe of plants." — Westminster and Foreign Quarterly Review. 
 
 " A very acceptable addition to our knowledge of the Orehis tribe. The plates 
 are beautifully executed, and have been selected with great care. Each species 
 has a brief character attached, and to each genus botanical and practical observa- 
 tions, from the pen of Sir William Hooker, arc prefixed. The work is enriched 
 with a prefatory memoir by Mr. Lyons, full of sound judgment and experience, 
 on the most approved method of growing Orchids." — Literary Gazette. 
 
 THE ESCULENT FUNGUSES OF ENGLAND ; a treatise on 
 
 their History, Uses, Structure, Nutritious Properties, Mode 
 
 of Cooking, Preserving, &c. By the Rev. Dr. Badham. 
 
 Super-royal 8vo, witli twenty-one plates. Price 21*. coloured. 
 
 " There is no reason why we should eschew iiog9 and relish turtle ; still less is 
 
 there for our eating one or two of the numerous edible funguses which our island 
 
 produces, and condemning all the rest. To draw attention to this fact, and to 
 
 supply an accurate account, with a correct delineation, of the esculent species of 
 
 this family in Great Britain, are the objects of the book before us. Such a work 
 
 was a desideratum in this eouutry." — Athena-um. 
 
 PARKS AND PLEASURE-GROUNDS; or, Practical Notes on 
 
 Country Residences, Villas, Pubbc Parks, and Gardens. By 
 
 Charles H. J. Smith, Landscape Gardener. Crown 8vo. 
 
 Price 6«. 
 
 Contents:— The House and Offices — The Approach — Pleasure Grounds and 
 
 Flower Gardens — The Park — Ornamcutal Character of Trees detached and 
 
 iu combination — Planting — Feuccs of the Park and Pleasure Grounds — 
 
 Water — The Kitchen, Fruit, and Forcing Gardens — Public Parks and Gar- 
 
 ; dens— The Villa — The Laying-out and Improvement of Grounds. — The 
 
 1 Arboretum— The Piuetum. 
 
 i " Mr. Smith expresses himself with frankness as well as precision, and with 
 1 such an evident reliance on the sympathy of his readers, as to make him a favou- 
 ; rite with those who are familiar with his pages. In short, his hook is what was 
 
LOVELL REEVE, HENRIETTA STREET. 
 
 really wanted iu these busy times to bring the elegant in country residences 
 abreast of the useful." — North British Agriculturist . 
 
 " In describing the characters and requirements of the various descriptions of 
 ornamental grounds, Mr. Smith has happily chosen language so plain, and rules 
 so simple, that he leaves nothing to be wished for." — Liverpool Standard. 
 
 " The author gives the result of some twenty years' study and observation in 
 a methodical form and practical style." — Aberdeen Journal. 
 
 "Mr. Smith, who is a landscape-gardener and garden-architect of great expe- 
 rience, has worked out his design with ability and judgment." — Globe. 
 
 " The character of this publication is altogether practical, from the opening 
 hints upon the house and offices, to the closing directions about the arboretum 
 and (lie pinetum." — Spectator. 
 
 " Mr. Smith is an experienced landscape-gardener, and a man of much good 
 sense. His opinions are therefore entitled to attention." — Gardeners' Chronicle. 
 
 SANDERS'S PRACTICAL TREATISE ON THE CULTUKE 
 OP THE VINE, as well under Glass as in the Open Air. 
 With plates. 8vo. Price 5s. plain. 
 
 " Mr. Asshcton Smith's place at Tcdworth has long possessed a great English 
 reputation for the excellence of its fruit and vegetables : one is continually hear- 
 ing iu society of the extraordinary abundance and perfection of its produce at 
 seasons when common gardens are empty, and the great world seems to have 
 arrived at the conclusion that the kitchen gardening and forcing there are 
 nowhere excelled. We have, therefore, examined with no common interest the 
 work before us, for it will be strange indeed, if a man who can act so skilfully as 
 Mr. Sanders should be unable to offer advice of corresponding value. We have 
 not been disappointed. Mr. Sanders's directions are as plaiu as words can make 
 them ; and, we will add, as judicious as his long experience had led us to expect. 
 After a careful perusal of his little treatise, we find nothing to object to, and 
 much to praise." — Gardeners' Chronicle. 
 
 "A clever, well-written, and nicely illustrated horticultural pamphlet, telling 
 us all we want to know on the subject." — Guardian. 
 
 {Under the Authority of the Lords Commissioners of the Admiralty.) 
 
 BOTANY OF THE VOYAGE OF H.M.S. HERALD, under the 
 command of Captain H. Kellett, R.N., C.B. By Berthold 
 Seemann, Member of the Imperial Academy Nat. Cnriosorum. 
 To be completed in Ten Parts. Plates. 4to. Price 10s. plain. 
 
 THE TOURIST'S FLORA. A Descriptive Catalogue of the 
 Flowering Plants and Ferns of the British Islands, France, 
 Germany, Switzerland, and Italy. Bv Joseph Woods, 
 F.L.S., F.G.S. 8vo. Price 18s. 
 "The appearance of this book has been long expected by us ; and we can justly 
 state that it has quite fulfilled all our expectations, and will support (he high re- 
 putation of its author. Mr. Woods is known to have spent many years in collect- 
 ing and arranging the materials for the present work, with a view to which he 
 has, we believe, visited all the most interesting localities mentioned in i(. This 
 amount of labour, combined with extensive botanical knowledge, has enabled him 
 to produce a volume such as few, if any other, botanists were capable of writing." 
 — Annals of Natural History. 
 
WORKS T'UKUSHKI) HY 
 
 ZOOLOGY. 
 
 (Under the Authority of the Lords Commissioners of the Admiralty.) 
 
 ZOOLOGY OP THE VOYAGE OF H.M.S. SAMARANG. 
 Edited by Arthur Adams, E.L.S., Assistant-Surgeon, ll.N., 
 attached to the Expedition. 
 
 Vertebrata. By John Edward Gray, F.R.S., Keeper of the 
 Zoological Department of the British Museum. One Part. 
 Price 10s. 6</. 
 
 Pishes. By Sir John Richardson, M.D., P.lt.S. One Part. 
 Price 10s. fir/. 
 
 Mollusca. By the Editor and Lovell Reeve, P.L.S., P.G.S. 
 Including the anatomy of the Spirula, by Prof. Owen, F.R.S. 
 Three Parts. Price 11. lis. 6d. 
 
 Crustacea. By the Editor and Adam White, P.L.S. Two 
 Parts. Price 18*. (>d. 
 
 %* Complete in one handsome royal 4to volume, containing 55 
 plates. Price, strongly bound in cloth, 3/. 10*. 
 
 POPULAR HISTORY OP MAMMALIA. By Adam"1Viitte, 
 
 P.L.S., Assistant in the Zoological Department of the British 
 
 Museum. With sixteen Plates of Quadrupeds, &c. By B. 
 
 W. Hawkins, P.L.S. Royal 16mo. Price 10s. fir/. 'coloured. 
 
 "The present increase of our stores of anecdotal matter respecting every kind 
 
 of animal has been used with much tact by Mr. 'White, who has a terse chatty 
 
 way of putting down his reflections, mingled with that easy familiarity which 
 
 every one accustomed daily to zoological pursuits is sure to attain. The book is 
 
 profusely illustrated." — Atlas. 
 
 "No book can better answer its purpose: the descriptions arc as bright as 
 the pictures, and the kind-hearted playfulness of the style will make it an espe- 
 cinl favourite; unlike most popular manuals, it is the product of first-rate 
 science." — Presbyterian Messenger. 
 
 POPULAR HISTORY OF MOLLUSCA; or, Shells and their 
 Animal Inhabitants. By Mary Roberts. With eighteen \ 
 plates by Wing. Royal lfimo. Price 10s. 6s?. coloured. 
 " This volume forms another of the excellent scries of illustrated works on \ 
 various departments of Natural History, for which the public is indebted to ; 
 
 Mr. Eteeve Winn we add, that the plates contain no fewer than ninety 
 
 figures of shells, with their animal inhabitants, all of tlicin well, and several j 
 admirably, executed, anil that the text is written throughout in a readable and even 
 
LOVEI,L REEVE, HENRIETTA STREET. 
 
 elegant style, with such digressions in poetry and prose as serve to relieve its 
 scientific details, we think that wc have said enough to justify the favourahlc 
 opinion we have expressed." — British and Foreign Medico-Chirurgical Review. 
 
 " To the lovers of Conchology this volume cannot fail to prove a most accep- 
 table wiuter offering. It gives a most comprehensive account of the whole 
 testaceous family — from the poetic nautilus to the prosaic oyster; from the 
 trumpet of the fabled Triton to the snail with which the younger Pliny used to 
 regale his luxurious guests." — Globe. 
 
 " We expected to find a useful and entertaining volume. We have not been 
 
 disappointed The work is illustrated with eighteen plates; beautifully 
 
 coloured, in most instances affording a view of the structure of the animal." — 
 I Athenaeum. 
 
 i POPULAR BRITISH ORNITHOLOGY ; comprising a familiar 
 
 and technical description of the Birds of the British Isles. 
 
 By P. H. Gosse. Second Edition. In twelve chapters, each 
 
 being the Ornithological lesson for the month. With twenty 
 
 plates of figures. Royal 16mo. Price 10». dd. coloured. 
 
 " To render the subject of ornithology clear, and its study attractive, has been the 
 
 i great aim of the author of this beautiful little volume. ... It is embellished by 
 
 j upwards of 70 figures of British birds beautifully coloured." — Morning Herald. 
 
 " We can answer for this compact and elegant little volume being beautifully 
 < got up, and written in a manner likely to attract the interest of the youthful 
 i student." — Globe. 
 
 | POPULAR SCRIPTURE ZOOLOGY ; or, History of the Animals 
 mentioned in the Bible. By Maria E. Catlow. With Six- 
 teen Plates. Royal 16mo. Price 10s. 6d. coloured. 
 " It contains a short and clear account of the animals mentioned in the Bible, 
 classed according to their genera, and illustrated by a number of well-executed 
 and characteristic coloured plates. It is a seasonable addition to a very nice set 
 j of books." — Guardian. 
 
 "Miss Catlow's abilities as a naturalist, and her tact in popularizing any sub- 
 i ject she undertakes, arc too well known to need reiteration on this occasion." — 
 ; Notes and Queries. 
 
 " It is a pleasant mixture of popular and scientific matter. . . . The book is 
 illustrated by characteristic coloured plates." — Spectator. 
 
 POPULAR BRITISH ENTOMOLOGY, comprising a familiar 
 and technical description of the Insects most common to the 
 British Isles. By Maria E. Catlow. Second Edition. In 
 twelve chapters, each being the Entomological lesson for the 
 month. With sixteen plates. Royal 16mo. 10s. Qd. coloured. 
 
 " Judiciously executed, with excellent figures of the commoner species, for the 
 use of young beginners." — Address of 'the President if 'the Entomological Society. 
 
 " Miss Catlow's ' Popular British Entomology' contains an introductory chapter 
 or two on classification, which are followed by brief generic and specific descrip- 
 tions in English of above 200 of the commoner British species, together with 
 accurate figures of about 70 of those described j and will bo quite a treasure to 
 any one just commencing the study of this fascinating science." — Westminster 
 and Foreign Quarterly Ileeien: 
 
Ill 
 
 WORKS PUBLISHED BY 
 
 CONCHOLOGIA ICONICA ; or, Figures and Descriptions of the 
 
 Shells of Molluscous Animals, with critical remarks on their 
 
 synonyms, affinities, and circumstances of habitation. By 
 
 Lovell Reeve, F.L.S., F.G.S. 
 
 *»* Demy 4to. Published monthly, in Parts, each containing 
 
 eight plates. Price 10s. coloured. 
 
 SOLO ALSO IN MONOGRAPHS : 
 
 Achntiua . 
 
 1 
 
 9 
 
 
 
 Kburna . 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 6 
 
 OJjva . . 
 
 1 18 
 
 
 
 Achatinella 
 
 
 
 8 
 
 
 
 Fasciolaria . 
 
 
 
 9 
 
 
 
 Oniscia . 
 
 1 
 
 6 
 
 Amphidesma 
 
 
 
 9 
 
 
 
 Ficula . . 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 5 
 
 Paludomus 
 
 4 
 
 
 
 Area 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 6 
 
 Fissuiclla . 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 6 
 
 Paitula 
 
 5 
 
 6 
 
 Artemis 
 
 
 
 13 
 
 
 
 Fusus . . 
 
 1 
 
 6 
 
 6 
 
 Pcctcn . . 
 
 2 4 
 
 6 
 
 Buccinum . 
 
 
 
 IS 
 
 
 
 Olaucouome 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 a 
 
 Peetunculus 
 
 11 
 
 6 
 
 Bulimus 
 
 6 
 
 12 
 
 
 
 Haliotis 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 Phorus . . 
 
 4 
 
 
 
 Bullia . . 
 
 
 
 5 
 
 6 
 
 Harpa . . 
 
 
 
 5 
 
 (j 
 
 Pleurotoma 
 
 2 10 
 
 6 
 
 Cai'dita . . 
 
 
 
 11 
 
 6 
 
 Ilcmipecten 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 6 
 
 Pterocera . 
 
 8 
 
 
 
 Cardium . 
 
 1 
 
 8 
 
 
 
 Hiunites . 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 6 
 
 Purpura 
 
 17 
 
 
 
 Cassidaria . 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 6 
 
 Isocni'dia . 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 6 
 
 Pyrula . . 
 
 11 
 
 6 
 
 Cassis . . 
 
 
 
 15 
 
 6 
 
 Luciua . . 
 
 
 
 14 
 
 
 
 Kauella . . 
 
 10 
 
 6 
 
 Chama . . 
 
 
 
 11 
 
 6 
 
 Mactra. . 
 
 1 
 
 6 
 
 6 
 
 Ricinula 
 
 8 
 
 
 
 Chiton . . 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 
 
 Maugelia . 
 
 
 
 10 
 
 6 
 
 Rostellaria 
 
 4 
 
 6 
 
 Chitonellus 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 6 
 
 Mcsalia i 
 Eglisia ' ' 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 
 Strombus . 
 
 1 4 
 
 6 
 
 Conus . . 
 
 3 
 
 
 
 
 
 6 
 
 Stnithioluria 
 
 1 
 
 6 
 
 Corbula 
 
 
 
 6 
 
 6 
 
 Mitra . . 
 
 2 
 
 III 
 
 
 
 Torbinella . 
 
 17 
 
 
 
 Crassatella 
 
 
 
 4 
 
 
 
 Monoccros 
 
 
 
 5 
 
 6 
 
 Triton . 
 
 1 5 
 
 6 
 
 Cyprrea 
 
 1 
 
 14 
 
 
 
 Murex . . 
 
 2 
 
 5 
 
 
 
 Turbo . . 
 
 17 
 
 
 
 Cypricardia 
 
 
 
 3 
 
 
 
 Myadura . 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 G 
 
 Tnrritella . 
 
 14 
 
 6 
 
 Delphiuula. 
 
 
 
 6 
 
 6 
 
 Nnssa . . 
 
 1 
 
 17 
 
 
 
 Voluta . . 
 
 1 8 
 
 
 
 Dolium . . 
 
 
 
 10 
 
 6 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 The 
 
 genu 
 
 * Helix is in c 
 
 
 se of pub 
 
 ication. 
 
 
 
 SOLD ALSO IN VOLUMES: 
 Vol. I. Conus Piiokus Dklpiiinula 
 
 Pleurotoma Pf.ctunculus CvpiticAitniA 
 Ckassatella Cahdita IIaju-a 
 
 [122 Plates, price 71. 16s. 6rf. hatf-bound.] 
 Vol. II. CoimuLA Glauconojie Mitra 
 
 Arca Myadoka Cardium 
 
 Triton Uanella Isocardia 
 
 [1 14 Plata, price 71. 6a. 6d. Iiaff-bound.} 
 
 Vol. III. Murex Manoelia Monoceros 
 
 Cyprasa Purpura Bullia 
 
 Haliotis Ricinula Buccinum 
 
 [129 mates, price at. 6.«. 6d. half-bound.} 
 
 Vol. IV. Chama 
 
 Ficula 
 
 Fusus 
 
 Chiton 
 
 Pyrula 
 
 Paludomus 
 
 Chitonellus 
 
 Turbineli.a 
 Fascioi.ahia 
 
 Turbo 
 
 [WO Plates, pn 
 
 ce 71. Is. 6d. hal/.bound.] 
 
Ill 
 
 LOVELL REEVE, HENRIETTA STREET. 11 \ 
 
 Voi,. V. Hummus Cassis Oniscia 
 
 aciiatina tubbitella cassidaeia 
 
 Dolium Mesai.ia Ebuhna 
 
 EsiiIBIA 
 
 [147 Plates, price 91.7s. 6d. half-bound.] 
 
 Vol. VI. Voluta Aetbmis Stbombus 
 
 b'lSSUHELLA LUCINA PtEBOCEBA 
 
 Paktula Hemipecten Rostem.aria 
 
 achatinella owva steuthiolaeia 
 
 [129 l'lutcs, price 8/. 6s. 6rf. half-bound.] 
 
 The figures are drawn and lithographed by Mr. G. B. Sowehby, 
 Junr., of the natural size, from specimens chiefly in the collection of 
 Mr. Cuming. 
 
 "This great work is intended to embrace a complete description and illustra- 
 tion of the shells of molluscous animals, and, so far as we have seen, it is not 
 such as to disappoint the large expectations that have been formed respecting it. 
 The figures of the shells are all of full size ; in the descriptions a careful aualysis 
 is given of the labours of others ; and the author has apparently spared no pains 
 to make the work a standard authority on the subject of which it treats." — 
 Alhenaum. 
 
 CONCHOLOGIA SYSTEMATICA ; or, Complete System of Con- 
 ehology, illustrated with 300 plates of upwards of 1500 
 figures' of Shells. By Lovell Reeve, F.L.S., F.G.S. 2 vols. 
 4to. Price 10/. coloured ; 61. plain. 
 
 " The text is both interesting and instructive ; many of the plates have ap- 
 peared before in Mr. Sowcrby's works, but from the great expense of collecting 
 them, and the miscellaneous manner of their publication, many persons will no 
 doubt gladly avail themselves of this select and classified portion, which also 
 contains many original figures." — Athentrnm. 
 
 ELEMENTS OF CONC1IOLOGY ; or, Introduction to the Natural 
 History of Shells and their animals. By Lovell Reeve, F.L.S. 
 Farts I. to X., price 3s. 6d. each. 
 
 " The work before us is designed to promote a more philosophical spirit of 
 inquiry iuto the nature and origin of Shells." — Ecclesiastical Review. 
 
 (Under the Authority of the Lords Commissioners of the Admiralty.) 
 
 THE FOSSIL MAMMALS COLLECTED IN NORTH- 
 WESTERN AMERICA DURING THE VOYAGE OF 
 H.M.S. HERALD, under the command of Captain Henry 
 Kellett, R.N., C.B., while in search of Sir John Franklin. By 
 Sir John Riciiaudson, C.B., F.R.S. In royal 4to. Part I, 
 Fifteen double Plates. Price 21*. Part II. Ten Plates. Price 
 10*. M. Part III. Ten Plates. Price 10s. Gd. 
 
! 12 WORKS PUBLISHED BY 
 
 CUllTIS'S BRITISH ENTOMOLOGY, being Illustrations and 
 Descriptions of the Genera of Insects found in Great Britain 
 and Ireland, comprising coloured figures, from nature, of the 
 most rare and beautiful species, and, in many instances, of the 
 plants upon which they are found. By John Cuiitis, F.L.S. 
 
 The ' British Entomology ' was originally brought out in Monthly 
 Numbers, size royal 8vo, at 4s. Gtl., each containing four coloured 
 plates with' text. It was commenced in 1824, and completed in 
 18 10, in 193 Numbers, forming 16 volumes, price JB43 16*. 
 
 The work is now offered new, and in the best condition : — 
 Price to Subscribers for complete copies in sixteen volumes, £21. 
 Price of the new issue, and of odd Numbers . . 3*. 6^. per No. 
 
 * m * Vols. I. II. III. IV. and V. of the New Issue are now ready 
 for delivery. 
 
 INSECTA BPJTANNICA. Diptera. By E. Walker, Esq., 
 F.L.S. Vol. I. and II. Illustrated with plates. Price 25s. 
 plain. 
 
 THE ARTIFICIAL PRODUCTION OF FISH. By Piscarius. 
 Third Edition. Price 1*. 
 
 "The object of this little hook is to make known the means by which fish of 
 
 all descriptions may be multiplied in rivers to nn almost incalculable extent 
 
 This principle of increase Piscarius has carried out by argument and experiment 
 in his little treatise, which, we think, is worthy the attention of the legislator, 
 the country gentleman, and the clergyman ; for it shows how an immense addi- 
 tion may be made to the people's food with scarcely any expense." — Era. 
 
 POPULAR HISTORY OF BRITISH ZOOPHYTES. By the 
 Rev. Dr. Landsborough. With Twenty Plates. Royal 
 16mo. Price 10s. 6d. coloured. 
 
 "This work constitutes one of the popular series of scientific treatises which, 
 from the simplicity of their style, and the artistic excellence and correctness of 
 their numerous illustrations, has acquired a celebrity beyond that of any other 
 series of modern cheap works. AVitb this manual of Zoophytes, and that upon 
 Seaweeds by the same author, the student can ramble along the sea-shores and 
 glean knowledge from every heap of tangled weed that lies in his pathway." 
 — Liverpool Standard. 
 
 "Parents who sojourn for a few months at the sea-side will find him a safe 
 and profitable companion for their children, lie will (ell them not only to see, 
 but to think; and lie is moreover a cheerful, and at times a merry teller of inci- 
 dents belonging to his subject." — Belfast Mercury. 
 
 "We can cordially recommend this beautiful little hook to our readers as one 
 which will greatly add to the interest of a temporary or permanent residence by 
 
the sea-side, and which will give to those who have no opportunity of studying 
 the creatures themselves, an cxcellcut insight into the extent and beauty of this 
 section of the deep." — Weekly News. 
 
 VOYAGES AND TRAVELS. 
 
 TRAVELS ON THE AMAZON AND RIO NEGRO. By 
 Alfiied R. Wallace, Esq. With Remarks on the Vocabu- 
 laries of Amazonian Languages, by R. G. Latham, M.D., 
 F.R.S. With Plates and Maps. 8vo, 18*. 
 " Mr. Wallace has given us a most lively and interesting description of the 
 : glories of the magnificent river. Venezuela, Columbia, Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia, 
 : and Brazil, six mighty States, spreading over an area far more exteusive than 
 < Europe herself, contribute their aid in forming the flood up which he toiled. For 
 j twenty-eight days consecutively be breasted the stream of the Amazon. ... He 
 \ enters, with all the zest of a naturalist, into the history of the living things which 
 | By, run, or creep over the surface of the country. His sketches of the natives, 
 > their appearance, habits, and disposition, arc quite origiual, and therefore instruc- 
 tive and interesting."— Britannia. 
 
 " Mr. Wallace's explorations on the Amazon and Rio Negro, the northern 
 branch of that mighty river, form an enchanting work. In the novelty of its 
 scenery and manners, in the truthful, albeit somewhat literal, picture of what the 
 traveller saw and felt, in the quiet earnestness by which obstacles were sur- 
 mounted, by Talleyrand's favourite rule of waiting, and in the patience with 
 which sickness, suffering, and privation were submitted to, ' Travels on the 
 Amazon and Rio Negro ' remind us of the simplicity of the old voyagers." — Spec- 
 tator. 
 
 WESTERN HIMALAYA AND TIBET; the Narrative of a 
 Journey through the Mountains of Northern Tndia, during the 
 Years 1847-8. By Thomas Thomson, M.D. With Tinted 
 Lithographs and a new Map by Peterraann. 8vo, 15*. 
 
 " Few more valuablo volumes of travels than this by Dr. Thomson have been 
 for a long time past, published. Long after the interest which its novelty will 
 create shall have passed away, it will be a standard book of reference on account 
 of the valuable facts which it contains, and of the spirit of sound observation iu 
 which it is written." — Athenceum. 
 
 "The work is one of durable importance. The most general reader will not 
 
 find Dr. Thomson's journey tedious We have in this volume matter 
 
 which will inform every man who reads it steadily, and follows the author's 
 route with attention to the Map." — Examiner. 
 
 " To all those who desire to judge scientifically of what is possible in the cul- 
 tivation of the Indo-Alpine Flora, which is now so rapidly enriching our gardens, 
 works of this description have great interest." — Gardeners' Chronicle. 
 
 " We can most cordially recommend Dr. Thomson's work to all those who wish 
 to obtain a clear idea of this magnificent and interesting region, to which our 
 late conquest in the Punjaub has brought us into such close contiguity." — 
 > Guardian. 
 
 " This is a valuable contribution to our knowledge of a remote and lately ex- 
 plored tract of the earth's surface." — Advertiser. 
 
14 WORKS PUBLISHED BY 
 
 CIRCUMNAVIGATION OF THE GLOBE, being the NARRA- 
 TIVE OF THE VOYAGE OF H.M.S. HERALD, under 
 the command of Captain Henry Kellett, R.N., C.B., during 
 the years 1845-1851. By Berthold Seemann, Member 
 of the Imperial Academy Nat. Curiosorum. In Two Volumes, 
 8vo, with Tinted Lithographs and a New Map by Petermann. 
 " With extensive knowledge in geography and its cognale sciences, Mr. 
 Secmunii possesses a close and vivid style, which expresses his ideas not oidy 
 with clearness but animation." — Spectator. 
 
 " Mr. Seemann is always a lively and agreeable companion, and has the merit 
 i of directing the attention of the general reader to applied Natural History rather j 
 | than to questions interesting only to the student of pure science; he now appears \ 
 j as the narrator of an important circumnavigation of the globe." — Gardeners' \ 
 '' Chronicle. 
 
 I TRAVELS IN THE INTERIOR OF BRAZIL; principally 
 through the Northern Provinces and the Gold and Diamond \ 
 Districts, during the years 1836-41. By the late George j 
 Gardner, M.D., F.L.S., Superintendent of the Royal Botanic \ 
 Gardens of Ceylon. Second and cheaper Edition. With a Map \ 
 of the Author's Route and View of the Organ Mountains. \ 
 Price 12*. cloth ; 18*. bound. 
 
 " When camping out on the mountain-top or in the wilderness ; roughing it in \ 
 his long journeys through the interior; observing the very singular mode of life 
 there presented to his notice ; describing the curious characters that fell under his 
 observation, the arts or substitutes for nrts of the people, and the natural pro- ' 
 dnctions of the country — these Travels are full of attraction. The book, like j 
 the country it describes, is full of new matter." — Spectator. 
 
 " This volume is from the pen of an able naturalist, whose heart is in his occu- i 
 
 pation Some of the regions he visited have seldom been trodden by J 
 
 Europeans — never by Englishmen ; so that his observations derive value from ' 
 the novelty of the matter to which they relate." — Athetueum. 
 
 MISCELLANEOUS. 
 
 POPULAR PHYSICAL GEOLOGY. Illustrated on a new and 
 striking plan by twenty double-tinted Lithograph Landscapes, 
 each depicting some special geological phenomenon, drawn 
 and coloured from nature. By J. Beete Jukes, Esq., M.A., 
 F.R.S., Local Director of the Geological Survey of Ireland, 
 and President of the Geological Society of Dublin. Royal 
 16mo. Price 10*. M. 
 
 " Mr. J. Bccte Jukes's ' Popular Physical Geology ' is one of the best of the 
 popular scientific manuals which have been published in a scries by Messrs. Beevc 
 and Co." — Guardian. 
 
 " Mr. Beete Jukes is well known as a Geologist, and he has given the public a 
 work at once popular and original. By original, we do not mean to intimate 
 
that he has propounded in it new theories or original discoveries, hut that the 
 hook is a writing out of his own experience, without abridgment or re-writing 
 of other books. The result is admirable for perspicuity, for charm of exposi- 
 tion, and for solid instruction. The hook is illustrated with twenty tinted litho- 
 graphs, from drawings by Mr. Jukes and Mr. Dunoyer, who is himself a Geologist, 
 and they are of rare excellence as illustrations ; altogether it is an introdnction to 
 the study of Geology to be most emphatically recommended." — Leader. 
 
 "This is one of the most remarkable works on Geology which have yet been 
 published; Mr. dukes has struck out a new path for the geological student, and 
 has done more to remove the difficulties which impeded his progress thau any 
 previous author. Rarely, indeed, hove we perused any introductory manual with 
 greater pleasure; every word we have read has conveyed the impression that 
 Mr. Jukes is an original observer, thorougldy conversant with his subject, and 
 aware of the difficulties to be overcome. His language is graceful, simple, and 
 free from everything like scientific pedantry." — Liverpool Courier. 
 
 POPULAR MINERALOGY; a Familiar account of Minerals and 
 their Uses. By Henry Sowkiiuy. With Twenty plates of 
 figures. Royal 16mo. Price 10*. 6flf. coloured. 
 
 " Mr. Sowerby has endeavoured to throw around his subject every attraction. 
 His work is fully and carefully illustrated with coloured plates." — Spectator. 
 
 TALPA; or, TUB CHRONICLES OP A CLAY FARM: an 
 Agricultural Fragment. By Ciiandos Wren Moskyns, Esq. 
 Third a >ul cheaper edition. 12mo. Price 3*. &d. Of the ori- 
 ginal edition, at 8.*., illustrated by George Cruikshank, only 
 a few copies remain. 
 
 " If there still remains a real living unsatisfied Protectionist, we in all hearti- 
 ness and goodwill recommend to him the amusing aud instructive ' Chronicles ' 
 before us." — Sherborne Journal. 
 
 " The writer handles this subject in such a masterly manner — his style is so 
 piquant, as well as forcible, so scholarly, yet so racy — his wit and his wisdoui arc 
 so skilfully blended — he has so cleverly worked out his motto, Ridentem dicere 
 verum, by telling the truth laughingly — that the reader finds himself irresistibly 
 carried along, und he and the book part not company until he has made himself 
 master of the tale that be has to unfold." — Leicestershire Mercury. 
 
 " This is a rare little volume. We don't know which to admire most, the 
 author's humour or his wisdom. He has set himself the tusk of illustrating, in 
 an agreeable manner, the evils of Custom, Prejudice, and Feudalism, as they 
 exist among agriculturists. It will create much laughter among the merry, and 
 convey many a lesson to the tiller of the soil." — Era. 
 
 " Cleverly written in a vein of pleasantry, the work perscveringly uproots the 
 prejudice of the past, and demonstrates that scientific knowledge is an important 
 element in successful tillage." — Lincoln Mercury. 
 
 "The vignettes of Mr. Cruikshank are the happiest proofs we have lately 
 seen that the genius of this fine artist's earlier day is still fresh and unimpaired. 
 The farmers should be very grateful to have such a nice little book provided for 
 Huh especial use, entertainment, aud profit." — Examiner. 
 
{ 16 WORKS PUBLISHED BY LOVELL REEVE. 
 
 \ DROPS OF WATER; their marvellous and beautiful Inhabitants 
 displayed by the Microscope. By Agnes Catlow. Square 
 12mo, with plates. Price Is. 6d. coloured. 
 
 " ' Drops of Water ' is an introduction to one of Nature's inexhaustible sources 
 ; of wonder and delight, performed in a very efficient and satisfactory manner. . . . 
 ■ As a specimen of typography, it is of a superior character ; and the plates arc in- 
 i dicative of no small degree of artistic skill as well as science." — Observer. 
 
 " An elegant little book, both in the getting up and its literature. . . . The 
 J text is accompanied by coloured plates, that exhibit the most remarkable creatures 
 } of the watery world." — Spectator. 
 
 I " Of the manner in which this work is executed, we can say that, like Miss 
 | C'atlow's previous productions on Natural History, it displays an accurate 
 ; acquaintance with the subject, and a keen delight in the contemplation of the 
 ; objects to which it is devoted. As far as the living beings which inhabit ' Drops 
 of Water' are concerned, we know of no better introduction to the use of the 
 | microscope than the present volume." — Atheiueum. 
 
 | ILLUSTRATIONS of the WISDOM and BENEVOLENCE of 
 
 the DEITY, as manifested in Nature. By 11. Edwards, LL.D. 
 
 16mo. Price 2*. 6d. 
 
 " A little excursion in the track of Palcy and the broad road of the Bridgc- 
 
 ; water Treatises. Animals, Atmosphere, Organic Matter, Light, and Electricity 
 
 ; are the natural elements out of which the author deduces his pions lessons, 
 
 i leading to a First Cause in wonder, admiration, and worship." — Literary Gazette. 
 
 \ THE PLANETARY AND STELLAR UNIVEKSE. By 
 Robert James Mann. With fifty astronomical Diagrams and 
 Maps of the Circumpolar Constellations. Fcap. Price 5*. 
 
 " A brief abstract of the discoveries of Newton, clearly explained and elegantly 
 illustrated." — Westminster and Foreign Quarter/)/ Review. 
 
 NEW WORKS 
 
 Preparing for Publication. 
 
 POPULAR BRITISH CONCHOLOG-Y, comprising all the British 
 Mollusks and Shells. By G. B. Sowerby, Jun., F.L.S. 
 
 POPULAR HISTORY OP BRITISH MOSSES, comprising all 
 the British Species. By R. M. Stark, Esq. 
 
 Printed hy 3. E. Taylor, Little Quecn-strcct, Lincoln's Inn Ficldi. 
 
JUN^ 
 
 1987