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 http://www.archive.org/details/cu31924101832511 
 
3 1924 101 832 511 
 
 
 DATE DUE 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 GAYLORD 
 
 
 
 PRINTED IN U.SA 
 
UJ 
 
 5 
 
PUBLICATIONS OF THE IPSWICH 
 HI8T0BICAL, SOCIETY 
 XIII. 
 
 FINE THREAD, LACE AND HOSIERY 
 
 IN IPSWICH 
 
 BY JESSE FEWKES 
 
 AND 
 
 IPSWICH MILLS AND FACTORIES 
 
 BY 
 
 T. FRANK WATERS 
 
 PROCEEDINGS AT THE ANNUAL MEETING 
 
 December 7, 1903. 
 
 Salem Vxtit: 
 The Salsu FKE8S Co., Salem, Mass. 
 1904. 
 
f - 
 
FINE THREAD, LACE AND HOSIERY. 
 
 A PAPER BEAD BEFORE THE HISTORICAL SOCIETY 
 OF IPSWICH, APRIL 13, 1903. 
 
 BY JESSE FEWKES. 
 
 The history of the various industrial arts of New 
 England, is a subject which comes within the scope and 
 province of the Historical Society of this old manufact- 
 uring town. Ipswich, one of the old mother towns of 
 New England, is also the mother of two industrial chil- 
 dren, of which I propose to offer a few items of interest 
 before this Honorable Society at this time. These two 
 industries seem to have been born own sisters of the same 
 family of the useful arts in our mother country England 
 and were also twin children in Ipswich, during the decade 
 from 1822 to 1832, when one, the finer and more beauti- 
 ful, died a most unnatural and distressing death, and the 
 other has grown more healthy, vigorous and prosperous, 
 as the years have rolled on, up to the present day. 
 
 These two textile children of Ipswich, are the Manu- 
 facture of Hosiery and the Weaving of fine Laces by Ma- 
 chinery. 
 
 To understand the cause of this diversity of success in 
 these two well projected, and well started schemes of la- 
 bor, we must make a concise review of the origin and de- 
 velopment of the machines connected therewith, and also 
 give a sketch of that predecessor of the art of weaving 
 fine cloths, the earlier art of spinning fine thread. 
 
 SPINNING. 
 
 There are pictures cut in flat relief upon some of the 
 monuments and temples of ancient Egypt, more than 
 
2 FINE THREAD, LACE AND HOSIERY. 
 
 four thousand years before the Christian era, which rep- 
 resent among other occupations of that early P^P^®' 
 the spinning of thread and the weaving of cloth. There 
 are also representations on the monuments of prehistoric 
 Central America, of women operating with the primitive 
 loom and spinning apparatus. Squier's Nicaragua, Vol. 1 , 
 has a representation (copied from an ancient Mexican 
 manuscript) of a woman weaving, and also of another 
 woman spinning. Ancient records in China carry back 
 the art of spinning and weaving to an antiquity dis- 
 credited by many modern historians. These useful arts 
 are prehistoric ; they date before any written history. 
 
 About 550 B. C, Herodotus records, "Amasis the first 
 plebeian King of Egypt, sent as a present to the Grecian 
 temple • at Lindus, a linen corslet of wonderful work- 
 manship, each thread of which contained 300 filaments 
 clearly to be distinguished. Figures were woven into the 
 pattern of the linen and it was adorned with gold and 
 cotton." Cotton was then a costly material lately introduced 
 from India into Egypt and was used along with gold for 
 the enrichment of the linen of this corslet. This is said 
 to be the first historic reference to spinning and weaving ; 
 but there are in the Hebrew Bible references which may 
 be older even than this. See Proverbs xxx, 19, Exodus 
 XXXV, 25.* Spinning is alluded to by Homer. 
 
 The implements of the spinners' art have been devel- 
 oped from a very simple and crude beginning. The first 
 spinning implement was probably only a pebble stone 
 taken from the ground, uncut and unfashioned in any way. 
 The filament of wool or grass, or perhaps the inner bark 
 of some fibrous plant or tree, was tied to it and twirled 
 around with the hand, then doubled back, and by the 
 returning whirl of the rock, was made into a double and 
 twisted string fit for the bow of a hunter. Then came to 
 the front the oldtime skillful inventor, some aboriginal 
 Edison or Marconi, and improved this simple device by 
 cutting a knob upon one end of the pebble for the con- 
 
 * B^oilus XXXV : 36, " And all the women that were wise-hearted did spin with 
 their hands, and brought that which they had spun, both of blue and of purple 
 and of scarlet and of fine linen." ' 
 
FINE THREAD, LACE AND HOSIERY. 6 
 
 venience of fastening upon it the thread already spun, and 
 of winding the. same while another length could be added. 
 This method of spinning with a rock is even brought 
 down to the present day in some of the aboriginal tribes. 
 The Alaskan Indian, and some tribes of the Laplanders 
 use a rock similar to the abundant Indian net sinkers, so 
 called, or plummet formed stones, which are seen in all 
 collections of Indian implements. 
 
 From the primitive spinning rock, the next advance in 
 the development of the implements of the spinners' art was 
 the ancient spindle whorl, ivhich is a round flat stone with 
 a hole perforated in the centre to admit a wooden spindle. 
 This spindle had a hook at the upper end upon which to 
 
 Fig. 1. 
 Indian Spinning 
 rocl£, from In- 
 dian Mound in 
 Ipswich, 
 
 Fig. 2. 
 Spinning wliori, 
 from ancient 
 Troy, A.D. 1184 
 
 fasten the thread, after that already spun had been wound 
 upon the spindle. This was used in connection with the 
 distaff, which is a staff of wood fastened to the girdle, on 
 which was bound the wool, flax or fiber which remained 
 unspun. The spindle whorl or weight was intended to 
 give the proper momentum to the spindle, as shown in 
 Egyptian, Mexican, Chinese, East Indian, Central Amer- 
 ican and Grecian representations of spinning. By this 
 ancient method thread for fine lace was spun. 
 
 Dr. Henry Schliemann , who excavated the buried cities 
 of ancient Troy and Tyrins, found in Troy, as many as 
 "22,000 spindle whorls of stone and terra cotta, once used 
 by the women of that ancient city. In Mycenum and 
 Tyrins, he found them also in great abundance. In his 
 works published in 1870-71 and 1873, he illustrates 180 
 
4 FINE THEEAD, LACE AND HOSIERY. 
 
 different designs of ornamental spinning ^1'°^'^' f "l"*^.^^ 
 him. The mirkings pictured on these are P^'oba^ly the 
 marks of ownership. The accompanying pen copy ot the 
 
 picture of a French fisherman s 
 wife, spinning, gives a correct 
 idea of the ancient method of 
 spinning. The painting is by 
 W. Slatterill. 
 
 From pictures cut upon the 
 rock temples of ancient Egypt, 
 it seems that there was an in- 
 termediate stage of the devel- 
 opment of the spindle, between 
 the simple rock and the metallic 
 spindle whorl of the spinners of 
 ancient Greece and Kome, in 
 which the weight is carried at the top of the spindle to 
 give momentum. 
 
 In 1530 there was published a work called Dictionary of 
 Palsgrave, in which is this phrase, "I spynne upon a 
 Rock." Aubrey tells us that " in Wiltshire the nuns of 
 
 Pig. 3. 
 
 Maya woman spinning, from 
 
 Nicaragua, A. D. 1500. 
 
 PIG. 4. 
 Egyptians Spinning, from Monuments In Ancient Tliebes, Egypt, B. C. 4000. 
 
 St. Marys came forth with their rocks to spin." From 
 the "Book of Days" I copy this: "St. Distaff's day, 
 January 7th. The ordinary spindle was a turned pin of a 
 few inches in length having a hook or nick at the small 
 
FINE THREAD, LACE AND HOSIERY. 5 
 
 or upper end to fasten the thread and a load of some 
 sort at the lower end to make it hang rightly. In very 
 early times and among such rude nations as the Laps until 
 more recent times the load was a stone, many examples 
 of which are in museums now." I take from another 
 Avork called " Every Day Book :" " January 7*'^. St. Dis- 
 taffs Day, or Eock Day. This day was so called in honor 
 of the rock which is a distafi' held in the hand from whence 
 wool is spun by twirling a ball below." That ball may 
 have been a rock, for Aubrey says, in a book called 
 " The Natural History of Wiltshire :" " In old time they 
 used to spin with rocks. In Staffordshire they use them 
 still." In Scotland, when lads and lassies came together 
 to spend a social evening, each lassie brought her spinning 
 apparatus or rock, and the assemblage was called a "rock- 
 ing." "On Fasten-e'en we had a rockin'. "* 
 
 A German writer also calls it " Rocken, " a French writer 
 " Je file au roche." I have seen the picture of an Abys- 
 sinian woman which was drawn by a traveller in that 
 country, in which she is shown as spinning with a crotched 
 knot of wood, with her thread wound upon it ; this she 
 is twirling in the same manner as the lassies, in the 
 time of Robert Burns, did with their rocks. 
 
 It would seem as if in Scotland the ancient name of 
 "spinning rock," still clung to the spinning apparatus, 
 even after the distaff and wheel were introduced, for we 
 have, in the quaint verses of Robert Burns, several refer- 
 ences to the rock in connection with the wheel. In "The 
 Lass of Ecclefechan." 
 
 " O gat ye me wi' naething? 
 Rock and reel and spinnin wheel, 
 A mickle quarter basin." 
 
 and again in "Bessy and her spinnin wheel," 
 
 "O leeze me on my spinnin wheel, 
 leeze me on my rock and reel ;" 
 
 * Burns mentions the spinning rock in anotlier ol liis verses "Tlie Weary Pond 
 o' Tow:" 
 
 "Quoth I For shame ye dirty dame, 
 Gae spin your tap o' tow ! 
 She took the rock and wl' a knock 
 She brak it o'er my pow." 
 
6 FINE THREAD, LACE AND HOSIEKY. 
 
 1 1 Thpre is in the 
 The next stage in the art is the wheel, ^e ^^ t.^^th 
 British Museum a MS. written ^^^^^ .^"^i J^^f a womaa 
 century, in which are several representations or «! 
 
 spinning with a wheel. From the Dipti«"^7^ J^ f^^'f •„' 
 we ha/e : " A spinning wheel is said to h^^« ^een J° , 
 vented in 1533 by a citizen of Brunswick,^ Engl.ind , 
 The first spinning wheel was called a iarn. 
 
 Some of these ancient spinners, Dy 
 hand methods, were extremely skill- 
 ful in the manipulation of the wheel. 
 Aubrey says, in Book of Days, "In 
 the year 1745, a woman of East 
 Dareham spun a single pound of wool 
 into a thread 84,000 yards long, 
 nearly 48 miles, upon a spinning 
 wheel. Since that time a young lady 
 of Norwich, England, has spun a 
 pound of combed wool (or worsted) 
 into a thread 168,000 yards long and 
 another 203,000 yards, nearly 115 
 miles ; this thread if woven would 
 make 200 yards of yard-wide muslin." 
 
 When the ladies of Ipswich are using thread number- 
 ing 100 or 150 they think it fine sewing. I had a letter 
 sent me by a former editor of the Ipswich Chronicle, in 
 which was contained a sample of cotton thread he had 
 obtained from the Willimantic Cotton Mills, as a sample 
 of the finest thread spun in this country. This was No. 250. 
 The sample of the thread used by the factory, which wove 
 lace in Ipswich seventy-five years ago and some of which I 
 have brought for your inspection, is No. 365, three ply 
 
 * The spinning wlieel of tlie fourteen century, called a " Tarn," was a eimple 
 wheel with a crank upon one side of the axle upon which it turned, and a Bpindle 
 similar to the spindle used with the spindle whorl of the earlier times projecting 
 from the opposite axle, upon which the fiber was twisted by the turning of the 
 tarn. 
 
 The spinning wheel with its independent spindle driven by a band from the 
 larger wheel did not develop until nearly a century after the " Tarn" came into 
 use.' Thus we have the progressive stages in the spinner's art: let, the rock; 2d 
 the plummet-formed rock; 3d, the spindle whorl of ancient Troy and Egypt; 
 4th, the tarn ; 6th, the colonial spinning wheel; 6th, the modern spinning-jenny, 
 and ring spinning machine turned by power. 
 
 Fig. 5. 
 
 Spinning Wheel, 
 A. D. 1530. 
 
FINE THREAD, LACE AND HOSIERY. 7 
 
 linen thread. It rivals in fineness the work of the spider 
 or the silkworm. 
 
 As the introduction of lace weaving into this country in 
 1820, and into this town of Ipswich in 1822, came to grief 
 through the dependence of that art, upon the preliminary 
 art of spinning extremely fine thread, we have given thus 
 far, our attention to the implements for making the thread 
 from which lace and cloths were woven in old times. 
 
 HOSIERY WEAVING. 
 
 I must now go back in time, and take up the evolution 
 and development of the art of weaving hosiery, as that also 
 leads into the lace, and into the hosiery industry of this 
 town of Ipswich. 
 
 There were no woven stockings in England prior to 
 the reign of Queen Elizabeth. The art of knitting stock- 
 ings is supposed by some to have originated in Scotland, 
 about A.D. 1500. Howell's History of the "World, printed 
 in 1680, says that " Henry the Eighth wore cloth stock- 
 ings except there came from Spain by chance a pair of 
 silk stockings." Spain therefore claims the art. 
 
 The first stockings knit in England were made by 
 William Ryders in 1564. He had seen a pair of Italian 
 knit stockings which he borrowed and copied. The first 
 stocking machine was invented in 1595 by William Lee, 
 a student in the college in Cambridge, England. Having 
 broken a law of that institution by taking to himself a 
 wife, he was expelled, and she, to keep them from starva- 
 tion, like a true woman took up the then fashionable art 
 of knitting stockings as a means of support. While 
 watching her nimble fingers and clicking needles, he de- 
 vised a machine which would knit all the stitches around 
 the stocking in about the same time in which she was 
 making a single stitch. This was in Nottingham in 1595. 
 He applied to Queen Elizabeth for a patent, but could not 
 obtain one, neither would King James grant a monopoly, 
 as the pretext of taking work from the poor by the ma- 
 chine was offered in opposition. He therefore carried it 
 to France. He established his machines at Rouen, but the 
 
8 FINE THREAD, LACE AND HOSIERY. 
 
 political troubles, which resulted in the murder of Henry 
 IV of France, his patron, destroyed Lee's prospects there. 
 He was proscribed as a Protestant, and was obliged to seek 
 concealment in Paris, where he died in poverty and dis- 
 tress. Lee's brother and all the workmen but two returned 
 to London, in 1621. These two retained a machine, 
 which was afterwards sold to go to Venice for £500 ; but 
 it could not be kept in repair, and the art came to a stand 
 in that city. 
 
 England thereafter became the sole custodian of the 
 art of making hosiery by machine. A patent was ob- 
 tained in 1663. The Corporation for the working of this 
 art established itself in London, and its work was carried 
 on in Nottingham, Leicester and Derby, where subordi- 
 nate compemies were formed, and these towns became 
 the center of the hosiery industry in England. These 
 stockingers of Nottingham, about 1768, began to make 
 open-work with various devices attached to the stocking 
 machine in imitation of pillow lace. One named Hammon 
 was so successful that others were led to attempt lace 
 making. In their leisure hours, they amused themselves 
 trying to make the true hexagon mesh, a thing not yet 
 accomplished by machinery. 
 
 In 1782 the "warp machine " was introduced by which 
 a number of threads, corresponding to the number of 
 needles, was wound upon a warp beam and this was at- 
 tached to the ordinary stocking machine, which had hither- 
 to used but a single thread. This, with the Dorson wheels 
 attachment, which admitted a greater variety in the orna- 
 mentation of the work, and also the tickler attachment to 
 the stocking machine, invented about the same time, 
 brought into the markets of England a great quantity of 
 cheap material in imitation of the more expensive pillow 
 lace. 
 
 These experiments in making open-work upon the 
 stocking machines, by the stocking weavers of Notting- 
 ham, created an intense feeling of jealousy among the 
 pillow-lace makers of Nottingham and the surrounding 
 towns. It occasioned the formation of labor societies, or 
 guilds, as the labor unions were at that time called, and 
 
FINE THREAD, LACE AND HOSIERY. 9 
 
 the lace guild assumed a right to make upon the pillows 
 all lace used in the British dominions, and they resolved 
 to maintain this assumed right by force if necessary. 
 
 PILLOW LACE. 
 
 The origin of the manufacture of pillow lace is lost in 
 the dim obscurity of the past. It may well be called one 
 of the fine arts as it has exercised the refined taste and 
 exqiiisite skill, of many of the most excellent minds since 
 the beginning of history. 
 
 The monuments of ancient Egypt show female figures 
 clothed in a fabric similar to modern lace, in which the 
 outlines of the form are seen through the dress^ Lace 
 was worn by the ladiefe of ancient Greece and Rome. 
 It is spoken of in English history in 1483. In 1614 the 
 manufacture of lace was carried on in Nottingham and 
 Bedfordshire in England. Some of the products of the 
 pillow were extremely delicate and expensive. Almost the 
 entire population of these towns was more or less inter- 
 ested in lace making upon the pillow, at this time. 
 
 The pillow for making lace was a cushion covered with 
 a strip of parchment upon which a pattern was drawn. 
 To form the mesh, pins were stuck into the pattern. To 
 each pin, a thread was attached, wound upon a spool or 
 bobbin. The bobbins were allowed to fall down on each 
 side of the pillow, and were changed from side to side and 
 intertwisted as the work progressed. As the meshes were 
 made they were secured by pins, until the next meshes 
 were made, and so on across the width of the piece of 
 the lace. A piece of lace one inch wide would have fifty 
 or sixty bobbins and threads, which would make twenty- 
 five or thirty meshes, 625 meshes to each square inch, or 
 22,000 meshes to the yard. The different kinds of 
 lace were called Bmssels, Mechlin, Valenciennes, Lisle, 
 Alen§on blonde and Alengon point. 
 
 As 1 have before mentioned, it is said that lace was 
 made by machines as early as 1768 by a stocking weaver 
 named Hammon and his success led other stockingers to 
 attempt making imitation lace on the stocking machines. 
 
10 
 
 TINE 
 
 THEEAD, LACE AND HOSIERY. 
 
 The warp machine for making imitation ^^^^J^^^^f °- 
 duced in 1782. In 1799 the first bobbm-net was made by 
 
 FIG. 6. SECTION OFiLACE MACHINEjONE-THIRD FULL SIZE. 
 
 Also two plans of the fabric, before and after it is stretched into 
 proper shape, full size. 
 
FINE THREAD, LACE AND HOSIERY. 11 
 
 machinery. By these machines the stocking weavers made 
 an inferior quality of lace, and could undersell the pillow 
 lace makers, whereby the demand for this kind was in- 
 creased and Nottingham became the center of a thriving 
 trade in this class of goods. No successful attempt to 
 make the true bobbin-net lace with the hexagonal mesh, 
 was made until 1809, when Mr. Heathcoat patented a ma- 
 chine, which is said to have been suggested by a workman 
 making fish nets. The idea occurred to him that, by using 
 parallel warp threads and threads wound upon bobbins 
 arranged to pas^ through between and twist around the 
 threads of the warp, the true hexagonal mesh could be 
 produced by machine. 
 
 DESCRIPTION OF LACE MACHINE. 
 
 To illustrate the action of the lace mabhine, I have 
 made a rough drawing of the working parts of the machine, 
 showing the manner in which the bobbins of the weft 
 traversed from the comb on one side of the warp threads 
 
 EXPLANATION OF PARTS. 
 
 A is a beam near the bottom of the machine upon which the warp 
 
 threads are wound. 
 Bl and B2 are the bobbins in their carriages upon which the 
 
 threads of the weft are wound. 
 Jl and J2 are combs into which the carriages with their bobbins 
 
 traverse from the teeth of the comb on one side to the teeth 
 
 of the opposite comb which are marked Jl and J2. These 
 
 comb bars also traverse endwise. 
 I and I are push-bars which are bolted to a swinging frame 
 
 which pushes the carriages and their bobbins from the teeth of 
 
 one comb to those of the opposite comb. 
 Gl and G2 are points which enter the mesh as it is formed and 
 
 close it to its proper size. 
 Bl, E2, and F are tension rollers to draw the finished lace from 
 
 the machine as it is woven before it is wound on the lace 
 
 beam which is marked D, on the plan. 
 LI and L2 are supplementary push bars which engage and hold 
 
 the bobbin carriage at certain stages of the work. 
 K1K2 are guides to conduct the warp threads into a proper position i 
 
 the machine. 
 
12 
 
 FINE THREAD, LACE AND HOSIERY. 
 
 into the comb upon the opposite side of the warp threads, 
 and then side wise, like the change in a cotillion called Back 
 to back." This movementwas repeated three times and then 
 the bobbin and its carriage passed on again to repeat their 
 "Back to back" movements with the next thread of the 
 warp. 
 
 The partners in this textile cotillion, numbering, tor yard 
 wide lace, one thousand weft threads, and one thousand 
 warp threads, all moved simultaneously and a yard of yard- 
 
 Pi 
 i 
 
 Bobbin Carriage, full size. 
 
 FIG. 5. 
 Section. 
 
 Lace Bobbin, full size. Section. 
 
 The Bobbin and Bobbin Carriage marked B 1 and B 2 on Flan of the Lace Machine. Thest 
 bobbins are wound with, and carry the threads of the weft through and around the thread! ol 
 the warp to form the mesh or stitch of the Lace. 
 
 wide lace could be woven in the time taken to make by 
 pillow, six inches of one-inch- wide lace. The warp beam 
 upon which the threads of the warp were wound was 
 placed near the bottom of the machine. These threads 
 first passed through guide needles, then upwards to the 
 center upon which the swinging frame of the push bars 
 swung, near which the lace mesh was formed (marked H) . 
 The finished lace was then wound upon a beam near the 
 top of the machine. This forward and back movement 
 of the carriages with their bobbins, and this right and left 
 
FINE THREAD, LACE AND HOSIERY. 13 
 
 movement of the combs containing them were repeated 
 to the end of the piece of yard wide lace woven. There 
 was also a row of pointed needles upon each side near the 
 place where the twist of the mesh was formed. Those 
 upon one side entered below the twist last formed and, 
 rising, closed it up, then held it until the next twist was 
 formed, when the needles on the other side engaged in 
 the same manner, each of these working alternately, and 
 the size of the mesh conformed to the sectional size of 
 the needles or points. The lace was therefore called " Point 
 net lace " as the size of the mesh was governed by the size 
 of the points of the machine which made it. There were 
 two other machines which came out about this time vary- 
 ing somewhat, but using the same general arrangement of 
 parts. This machine was successful and so far affected the 
 pillowlace makers, that they organized themselves into a 
 society to suppress by force the making of lace by ma- 
 chinery. 
 
 The lace makers and stocking weavers who came to 
 Ipswich in 1818 and 1822 were men who were employed 
 in the two factories of Mr. Heathcoat in Nottingham in 
 1816, in making lace upon the new lace machines, and 
 were subject to the enmity, annoyance and crime of this 
 Secret Society. 
 
 THE LUDDITES 
 
 It has been truly said that history repeats itself. I 
 will quote an account of the Luddite labor troubles in 
 Nottingham, which influenced the lace weavers to emigrate 
 to this country in 1818-22.* 
 
 " The Luddite riots in Nottinghamshire, England, com- 
 menced March 11, 1811 and continued through a period 
 of five years. The first was at Arnold, near Nottingham, 
 where the unemployed stocking knitters were, for a paltry 
 sum, employed to sweep the streets, and do menial work. 
 By the 11th of March, their patience being exhausted, they 
 assembled at midnight and smashed 60 frames, and 200 
 
 • "Book of Days, March 11, page 367." 
 
14 FINE THREAD, LACE AND HOSIERY. 
 
 Other frames were destroyed in a similar manner during 
 the succeeding three weeks. ir t j 
 
 " These riotous stockingers assumed the name ot iiUd- 
 dites, a name said to be derived from a boy named Ludlam, 
 who, when his father, a framework weaver, in Lei- 
 cestershire, ordered him to 'square his needles, ' tooK his 
 hammer and beat them into a heap." 
 
 The usual plan of operation was to assemble at night 
 armed with swords and pistols, hammers and axes, under 
 the leadership of one man who was styled "Ned Ludd." Each 
 man was distinguished by a number, instead of name, 
 and all were disguised. They proceeded to the place of de- 
 struction and those armed with weapons surrounded and 
 guarded the place, while those with hammers entered and 
 smashed the needles and sinkers of the frames with un- 
 sparing hands. "When this destruction was completed, they 
 would reassemble at a short distance and call a roll of the 
 numbers, each answering to his number. If all were there 
 a pistol was fired and, removing the black handkerchiefs 
 from their faces, they departed to their homes, keeping 
 the most profound secrecy- 
 
 To detect the ringleaders of these rioters, the Govern- 
 ment organized a secret committee, which was supplied 
 with a large sum of money, for the purpose of obtaining 
 information, but in spite of these efforts the devastations 
 continued from time to time. 
 
 On Sunday night Nov. 10, a party of Luddites pro- 
 ceeded to the village of Bulwell, to destroy the frames of 
 Mr. Hollings worth, who, in anticipation of their visit, as- 
 sembled some of his friends with fire arms to defend 
 the property. Many shots were fired, and one John 
 Westly was mortally wounded, which so enraged the mob 
 that they forced an entrance, and soon destroyed not only 
 the frames, but every article of furniture about the place. 
 Soon after that at Sutton, 37 frames were destroyed. 
 The military took several prisoners here, four of whom 
 were committed for trial. On Sunday Nov. 24, at Bask- 
 ford, 34 frames were destroyed, and 11 more the following 
 day. On Dec. 6, a proclamation ordered all persons to 
 remain in their homes after 10 o'clock, and all public 
 
FINE THREAD, LACE AND HOSIERY. 15 " 
 
 houses closed, and the streets were patrolled by police and 
 military. Notwithstanding these precautions, there were 
 36 frames destroyed in the villages around Nottingham, 
 during the next six days. 
 
 A reward of £50 for the apprehension of any of the 
 offenders was offered by the Government, but this only 
 excited these men to further deeds of daring. They 
 began to rob and plunder, declaring they could not starve 
 in aland of plenty. On the 30th of July, 1812,Jt,hese labor 
 troubles had compelled no less than 4,348 families, 15,350 
 persons, nearly one-half of the inhabitants of Nottingham, 
 to be applicants for relief out of the poor rates. A large 
 subscription was raised to offer more liberal rewards for 
 the suppression of these daring outrages, and seven of 
 the rioters were apprehended and sent to Botany Bay, or 
 transported. 
 
 In March, 1812, an Act of Parliament was passed, mak- 
 ing it an offence punishable with death to break a stocking 
 or lace machine. In April, a Mr. Trentham, a manufac- 
 turer, was shot while standing at his own door ; but the 
 wound did not prove fatal. The offender was never 
 brought to justice, although £600 were offered for his 
 apprehension. These riotous proceedings continued until 
 October 1816, when they.finally ceased. 
 
 Upwards of 1000 stocking frames and a number of lace 
 machines were destroyed by these organized stocking 
 knitters and pillow-lace makers in Nottinghamshire alone ; 
 and in Deri)y, Leicestershire and York founties, also 
 there were many destroyed. One of Mr, Heatheote's fac- 
 fories was entered by the Luddites. The machines were 
 all destroyed, and the watchman shot and killed. 
 
 Many of the skilled workmen, who had formerly been 
 employed by him in making machine lace, being thrown 
 out of employment, resolved to emigrate to this country, 
 and to start for themselves this new industry in this 
 free country, leaving behind them, forever, these trouble- 
 some conditions of the trade, in which they had passed 
 the early part of their lives, to take with them the tools 
 of their trade, and to become naturalized citizens of the 
 country of their adoption. This resolution was carried 
 
16 FINE THREAD, LACE AND HOSIEKY- 
 
 out to the letter. They could not do otherwise. They 
 arrived in 1818-20 and 1822. 
 
 Many of the hosiery weavers as well, thrown out ot em- 
 ployment by this wholesale slaughter of their stocking 
 frames, not finding sufficient protection from riotous mobs 
 of unemployed stocking knitters and pillow-lace weavers, 
 resolved to emigrate to America. Had the wealthy 
 gentlemen and nobility of England devoted the funds 
 collected to punish these poor knitters to charitable 
 efforts to furnish employment for them, at more than 
 starvation prices, these labor outrages could not have 
 happened. 
 
 Prior to 1818 there were no stocking machines in this 
 country, although strenuous efforts were made to get 
 them. In 1776 theCoinmittee of Safety had appropriated 
 £300 to Mr. Coxendfer of Maryland, Frederic County, to 
 establish a stocking factory, and the Society of Arts in 
 New York had offered a prize of £10 for the first three 
 stocking frames of iron set up in that year. The prizes 
 were not claimed. 
 
 The British government, ever extremely careful of its 
 textile industries was especinlly so of its hosiery, and of its 
 newly introduced lace manufacture at Nottingham. In 
 order to keep these in England, excessive duties had been 
 put upon the exportation of the machinery required in 
 these industries. These had been from time to time in- 
 creased, until they amounted to actual prohibition. 
 
 Every obstacle was placed in the way of skilled workers 
 in these branches of industry, to prevent them from leav- 
 ing the country, and especially their emigration to the 
 United States of America. A penalty of £40 for the ex- 
 portation of a stocking machine existed till 1788. It was 
 then increased from time to time till it amounted to a pro- 
 hibitory duty and the penalty for exporting lace machinery 
 in 1818 amounted to an excessive fine of £500, much 
 beyond the means of the ordinary workman to pay, and 
 transportation for a term of yeais if payment was not 
 made. The agitation of the labor question, at about this 
 time, and the recent Luddite troubles furnished a pre- 
 text for extremely stringent laws in this respect. 
 
FINE THREAD, LAOE AND HOSIBET. 17 
 
 In the face of all this, as we have said, some of the 
 better class of the lace weavers and stocking weavers 
 resolved to conje and bring the tools of their trade with 
 them, even if these excessive fines had to be paid. The 
 first delegation of these men had enough of King George's 
 pictures in yellow metal, in their pockets, to brave the 
 consequences. It is an open secret, that some of these 
 golden pictures were actually used to facilitate the trans- 
 portation of the tools and eflfects ot these skillful men to 
 America. I have heard it boldly said that the bobbins, 
 points, guides and needles of lace stocking machines came 
 into Boston in 1818 and 1822, secreted in pots of good 
 Yorkshire butter. Whether these pots of butter paid an 
 export duty to the British Government I am unable to 
 tell. 
 
 The first stocking machine, which reached this part of 
 the country, came put of England from Liverpool, in 
 1818. Some incidents in the history of this machine are 
 interesting. It was first bought in Nottingham, then 
 packed in two boxes and sent to a framesmith to be re- 
 pairedand repacked forits trip to America. It was then sent 
 to Liverpool and left upon the wharf where an old brig 
 was lying, being laden with salt stowed loosely in bulk. 
 It was taken by a stevedjOre and placed upon the 
 keelson away up in the bows of the shipjand packed deep 
 in the salt. The brig dropped dowr^ to the mouth of 
 the harbor, and was overhauled and inspected thoroughly 
 (as they thought) by the Custom House men. Trunks and 
 boxes were inspected and long sticks run into the salt but 
 these two boxes with the adventurous machine escaped 
 dietection. 
 
 Its passage in the brig, which was destined to a south- 
 ern port, was a stormy one. She was driven out of her 
 course several times, by adverse winds, for over sixty 
 days. Then, when some ipiles outside of Massachusetts 
 Bs^y, she was spoken by a schooijer bound for Bpston, to 
 which the machine and its adventurous owners were 
 transferrjBd, and the brig, with h^r lost reckoning rectified, 
 and her mechanical " Jc)nah"npt oyerboai;d, butreshipped 
 on an American schopiier, weni on her southbound way 
 
18 FINE THREAD, LACE AND H08IEEY. 
 
 rejoicing, no doubt. The schooner arrived in Boston on 
 Sept. 4,1818. The boxes were put upon a produce wagon , 
 carted to Watertown, and carefully unloaded at a little 
 house by the river, near the present Etna Mills. When 
 the boxes were opened it was found that one of the most 
 important parts of the machine was missing. Its sinker 
 bar and all its sinkers had been left behind in England. 
 
 By the ingenuity and skill of one of its owners, these 
 were replaced during the first winter in its new home ; 
 then it was used under the management of its two owners, 
 six hours on and six hours off, through the day and night, 
 for the greater part of its two first years in this country. 
 It was then there came the lace makers, and the starting 
 of the Lace Factory in Watertown, which gave it a long 
 time of rest, but it finally reached Ipswich to do duty 
 while the New England lace company was getting a foot- 
 hold in this good old town. 
 
 This machine was brought to Ipswich in 1822 by Ben- 
 jamin Fewkes and George Warner, its joint owners. I 
 have been told that the first pair of stockings, woven upon 
 this machine in Ipswich, were made by Mr. Benjamin 
 Fewkes, Sr., in the kitchen of a house, which then stood 
 upon the site of the present South Congregational meet- 
 ing house. 
 
 The successful transfer of this first stocking machine 
 furnished a clew to others, who were anxious to get the 
 lace machines introduced into this country. The essential 
 and more delicate parts of the lace machines were brought 
 over concealed in the efiects of the lace weavers from 
 Heathcoat's factories, who came in numbers soon after this 
 time. In this instance the more bulky heavy bars and 
 frame work of the lace machines were constructed here, 
 from drawings and ideas of skilled machinists who came 
 over about the same time. A factory was brought into 
 successful operation in Watertown near the Newton bound- 
 dary line, by the capital engaged in the enterprise, and the 
 lace machines were in working order in the spring of 1820, 
 where they continued till 1822. 
 
 A gentleman of Ipswich, Mr. Augustine Heard, and 
 others, becoming interested in the enterprise, the machines 
 
FINE THREAD, LACE AND HOSIEKY. 19 
 
 were removed to Ipswich, and located in the building 
 nearest the mill dam and foot bridge, on the south side 
 of the river in 1824. This company was called the Boston 
 and Ipswich Lace Company. Another rival company, of 
 which Dr. Thomas Manning and others were promoters 
 and stockholders, was started in 1828. This was called 
 the New England Lace Company. This new company 
 located itself upon the old Dr. Manning homestead on High 
 street, the site of the residence of the late Joseph Ross, 
 Esq. This building has been remodelled and beautified 
 with architectural elegance by the its recent proprietor. 
 The west front room was used for the weaving room ; the 
 front chamber over this was used for warping, winding 
 and mending the lace ; the rear lower rooms, west, were 
 used for washing and for a machine shop. The east rooms 
 were the residence ot Mr. Clark the superintendent. Mr. 
 Fewkes was a stockholder and worked in each of these 
 three factories. 
 
 The names of the persons employed by this lace enter- 
 prise in Ipswich were as follows : — 
 
 Sup't, John Clark ; machinists , James Peatfield, Joseph 
 Peatfield, Sanford Peatfield ; lace weavers, Benjamin 
 Fewkes, Samuel Gadd, George Gadd, James Clark, John 
 Trueman, Mr. Watts, George Warner, Samuel Hunt, Sr., 
 John Morley, James Cartwright, Sr., Charles Bamford, 
 Sr., and Mr. Harrison. The warpers and winders were 
 young men and boys as follows : Thomas and William 
 Gadd, William and Henry Fewkes, Samuel Hunt, Jr., 
 Charles Bamford, Jr., and others. There were also em- 
 ployed many women and girls, mending, embroidering and 
 washing lace, who were mostly the wives and daughters 
 of the workmen and some others of Ipswich birth whose 
 names I am unable to give. 
 
 The managers of the lace enterprise also made an efibrt 
 looking to the introduction of a silk industry in Ipswich. 
 
 Mr. Augustine Heard (I have been told), who was one 
 of the first movers of the Lace Company, imported from 
 China in one of his vessels some eggs of the mulberry 
 Moth (^Bompyx mori) . The transportation of the eggs 
 was accomplished by packing them in small silk bags which 
 were worn about the person of the Chinaman who brought 
 
20 FINE THREAD, LAOE AND HOSIEEY. 
 
 them. This was done to ensure the proper temperature 
 for them on the voyage, as the temperature during some 
 of the colder days was too low to ensure their saie 
 transportation without this precaution. These were put 
 in charge ot Mr. Clark the superintendent of the lace fac- 
 tory, and a room was set apart for them in the factory 
 ard kept at the proper temperature to hatch the eggs. 
 Prior to this time, a nurseryman in Newton, Mr. William 
 Kendrick, had planted a large stock of white mulberry 
 trees {Morus alba), a native tree of China, and had ad- 
 vertised the same largely in all the papers of the day. In 
 fact a furor for silk raising had been created, not unlike 
 the celebrated Tulip mania in Holland several years 
 previous. Great quantities of these trees were sold and, 
 among others. Dr. Manning became interested. He had 
 the side hill in the rear of the Old Manning homestead 
 graded and terraced, and planted with these trees of the 
 white mulberry. When the eggs of the mulberry moth 
 came into town these trees had attained two or three years 
 of growth. 
 
 When the writer was a small boy, I think it was in the 
 spring of 1832, his father took him with others to the 
 lace factory, now the estate of the late Joseph Ross, 
 to see the machines weaving lace. Mr. Clark escorted the 
 party through the works, showing and describing the 
 diflferent machines and processes by which the lace was 
 woven, cleansed, mended and wrought, to get it into a 
 marketable condition. He then took them into a room 
 set apart from the others, in which were a number of cases 
 containing trays, the bottoms of which were made of lace. 
 These were covered with young and tender green leaves, 
 upon which were innumerable worms like caterpillars, 
 all voraciously eating the leaves. In some of the trays 
 the worms were as large as an ordinary appletree caterpil- 
 lar, nearly one and a half inches long. From this size 
 they varied, in other trays, to about one quarter of an 
 inch in length. Each tray seemed to be occupied with 
 similar worms representing different ages of the hatch. 
 Mr. Clark said the larger worms were fed with the older 
 leaves, while the younger required the more delicate, 
 younger foliage. As I remember their appearance, the 
 
riNE THREAD, LACE AND HOSIEEY. 21 
 
 more mature and larger worms, scattered o\rer the green 
 leaves, were of a golden yellow color. In some of the 
 trays the worms had nearly finished eating and would 
 soon begin to spin their cocoons. He also showed the 
 party cocoons all formed and showed how readily the silk 
 could be unwound from the cocoon in one continuous 
 thread. The temperature of the room in which these 
 silkworms were kept was much higher than that of other 
 rooms. He then escorted the party out through the gar- 
 den in the rear of the factory to a terrace at the foot 
 of the hill where the young mulberry trees were growing 
 and showed them where the tender leaves had been 
 gathered. I cannot tell how many seasons this experiment 
 was continued ; probably it was abandoned at the time the 
 lace works closed, I think in the winter of 1832-3. 
 
 This Company continued its factory in operation till 
 1832, when it failed to procure the usual supply of 
 thread, which had been imported from England. Linen 
 thread of sufficient fineness for the work could not at that 
 time be spun in this country, owing chiefly to the dry 
 atmosphere. It was always spun by secret methods in 
 damp cellars in England and France. The British govern- 
 ment, finding that the lace machines and workmen had 
 really escaped to this country, and that lace was being 
 woven from imported thread, put an excessive export duty 
 upon thread, and allowed manufactured lace to go out free. 
 This ruined the industry of lace weaving in Ipswich, and 
 its promoters lost their investment. 
 
 Finding themselves out of employment, the lace-makers 
 returned to their old business of weaving hosiery. Many 
 of them went to Germantown, Pa., where some imported 
 frames were in use, and others to Portsmouth, N. H., 
 where some frames had been introduced, during the term 
 of the lace industry in Ipswich. Some of the most skill- 
 ful remained in Ipswich, and in 1832, the Peatfield 
 brothers made for Mr. Benjamin Fewkes two new stock- 
 ing frames, which were the first made in New England, 
 and I think the first made in this country. He began the 
 manufacture of hosiery in a small shop on High St. near 
 his dwelling. Mr. George Warner established a similar 
 stop on the site of the Uamon Block, directly opposite 
 
22 FINE THREAD, LACE AND H08IERT. 
 
 the B. & M. R. E. station. He bought the interest of Mr. 
 Fewkes in the original machine, but sold it to Mr. John 
 Bilson, with whom it went back to Newton in 1840. Mr. 
 Samuel Hunt, Sen., began work in a shop on East St. in 
 the rear of his dwelling, and Mr. Charles Bamford, Sen., 
 in the shop still standing in the rear of his dwelling, the 
 old Frisbie house on County St. Each of these stocking 
 makers had only two machines. 
 
 It is said that Timothy Bayley, of Albany was the first 
 to put power to the Lee frame, in 1831. I know that in 
 1 834 James and Sanford Peatfield of Ipswich had a rotary 
 warp frame in successful operation in the Old Saw Mill 
 building by the Cove in Ipswich. Jesse Fewkes at that 
 time was their "Winder Lad" and can vouch for the age 
 of this great improvement in warp machines. They also 
 invented a round knitting machine in 1841 or about that 
 time. 
 
 The Census .Report of 1900 says, "The only stocking 
 factory in the United States in 1831 was the Newburyport 
 Hose Manufacturing Company." Ipswich I think is en- 
 titled to the credit of manufacturing stockings by ma- 
 chine nine years prior to this first recorded date, and in 
 1833 therewere four well-started hosiery manufactories in 
 this town. It is true that these were small but they were 
 the seed from which has grown a mighty creation , a tex- 
 tile giant. The total amount invested in this industry in 
 the United States in 1900 was $95,482,556. There were 
 employed in that year 69,829 machines, operated by 
 83,387 [persons and the value of its production for that 
 year was $95,482,566. In Massachusetts alone the capi- 
 tal employed was $6,288,675. There were 6,667 work- 
 men employed and 5,003 machines, and they produced 
 $6,620,257 worth of hosiery goods, in 54 establishments 
 or factories. 
 
 The American inventor has made great improvements 
 on the old English method of hosiery making. The 
 American "Latch Needle" which came out somewhere 
 in the forties of the last century, was a most simple and 
 effective device, which completely revolutionized the 
 machines for the manufacture of hosiery. The Lee stock- 
 ing frame had remained for nearly 250 years in practically 
 
FINE THREAD, LACE AND HOSIERY. 23 
 
 the same stage of development ; all improvements on the 
 original device during this time had been merely accesso- 
 ries to the old machine, but the introduction of the latch 
 needle made possible the rotary knitting machine and, 
 consequently, automatic action in all its parts, and steam 
 power for its motive. 
 
 The census of 1900 gives the entire number of Latch 
 needle machines in this country at that time as 55,816, 
 while the entire number of machines weaving hosiery 
 with the old-fashioned Beard nepdle was 14,013, which 
 fact speaks well for the American inventor's work. 
 
 The more beautiful and artistic industry, the weaving 
 of fine laces by machines, has never recovered in Ipswich 
 form the disastrous failure it experienced and it remains 
 an unexplored but inviting field of industry on this side 
 the Atlantic. 
 
IPSWICH MILLS AND FACTOKIES. 
 
 At the very beginning of the settlement of our Town, 
 a grist mill was an imperative necessity, and at the first 
 Town meeting of which definite record remains in 1634, 
 "Itt is concluded and consented unto that Mr. John Spen- 
 cer and Mr. Nicholas Easton shall have libertye to build 
 a Mill and a Ware uppon the Town Eiver, about the falles 
 of it uppon this condicon, that they shall pte with an equal 
 share of theire Fish to all the inhabitants of this Town if 
 they bee demanded att five shill. a thousand more or less 
 according to the comon price of the Countrye." The 
 "Falls" alluded to, were probably only rapids, but various 
 allusions to removing rocks about the dam indicate that 
 in its natural state, our Eiver ran rapidly in a rocky bed, 
 where the large dam stands, and lower down, in the rocky 
 gulch by the saw mill. This was the natural location for 
 a dam, and the fish " ware" was established for the taking 
 of the shad and alewives which ascended the stream 
 in great numbers. The original grantees left the Town, 
 perhaps before the dam and grist mill were built, and 
 Mr. Eichard Saltonstail, son of Sir Eichard, and one 
 of the most important citizens of our Town succeeded 
 to the grant. The dam was constructed at about the 
 place where the new dam stands, we may suppose, and 
 the grist mill was probably near the spot now occupied 
 by the old stone mill. For many years, Mr. Saltonstail en- 
 joyed a monopoly of the business. Corn was brought to 
 mill from the whole great township to be ground into In- 
 dian meal, the great food staple of the time. At length 
 complaints were made about the miller, that he was un- 
 skillful, and disobliging, and a communication from the 
 "Worshipfiil Eichard Saltonstail Esq." then in England 
 was received and entered on the Town Eecord in 1671, 
 promising that a skillful and acceptable miller, should be 
 
 (24) 
 
IPSWICH MILLS AND FACTORIES. 25 
 
 sent. JBut there were many apparently, who were not so 
 easily satisfied, and the Town declared thai the number of 
 inhabitants was too great for one Indian corn mill. In ref- 
 erence to this demand, Mr. Saltonstall asked and received 
 liberty in April 1682, to build another grist mill, near 
 Sergeant Clark's. Thos. Clark owned and occupied the 
 northeast corner of Summer and Water Sts. by the river 
 side, and the scheme of a mill contemplated a dam across 
 the river at this point, and the utilizing of the tides. The 
 privilege was granted " provided he have gates eighteen or 
 twenty feet wide, to let up canoes or boats loaded inio the 
 cove and to let out boats and canoes when the tide serves." 
 
 Jonathan Wade and others opposed this, and the reason 
 may have been that he had received in 1673, "that little 
 island of rocks at the falls, in exchange for so much to 
 enlarge the highway by the windmill* provided he hinder 
 no man from taking away loose rocks, nor hinder fish 
 ways, nor making of a bridge, nor prejudice the mills," 
 and in 1649, he had received permission to set up a saw 
 mill, which may have been built at this point. Cornet 
 Whipple had als'o received permission in 1673 to build a 
 fulling mill, "at the smaller falls, by Ezekiel Woodward's 
 house," provided Mr. Saltonstall's grist mill at the upper 
 falls and another fulling mill already begun, at the upper 
 fall probably, were not "prejudiced." A dam lower down 
 the river naturally threatened the privileges of the mills 
 on the island. Nothing resulted from thib 'scheme of a 
 tide mill, and in 1686, as the need of another mill was 
 increasingly pressing, the selectmen granted liberty to 
 any one to build a grist mill at the falls, "by or near Good- 
 man Rust," "provided they damnify not the upper grist 
 mills." 
 
 In March 1686/7, "Sar. Nicholas Wallis" received per- 
 mission " to improve the water by damming in the riVer. 
 against his own land, not exceeding three foot for the 
 building a fulling mill or mills, provided he do it within 
 a year and a half." He lived near the present Norwood 
 mills.' In 1667, for the convenience of this neighborr, 
 
 • The windmill was built undonbteclly on " Wind-mlU Hill." The date of its 
 erection is not KnowD' 
 
26 IPSWICH MILLS AND FACTOKIES. 
 
 hood, " John Addams, Nath. Addams, Samuel Addams, 
 Joseph Safford, Nicholas Wallis and Thomas Stace, upon 
 consideration of there building a bridge over the river at 
 there own expense," were "freed from working in the 
 common highway for 7 years to come." A corn mill was 
 erected as well, perhaps by John Adams, as John Adams, 
 Sen., conveyed his property to John, Jun., including 
 " half the land the corn mill stands " in April, 1698. The 
 deed mentions " the little dam." The grist mill and a 
 saw mill, known as "Adams's Mills," were sold by the 
 widow to Paul Dodge in 1750. 
 
 His son Barnabas succeeded him, and David, son of 
 Barnabas, sold to Ammi Smith in 1827, and the Smith heirs 
 to Caleb and Jerome Norwood in 1868. The sawing of 
 fine veneers was carried on with success. The fulling 
 mill was operated by the Warners, and William Warner 
 added a carding machine prior to 1794. This property 
 was conveyed by the Warner heirs to Ammi Smith, in 
 1858. The water power once utilized for the fulling and 
 scouring mill, and the carding of wool, is now used by 
 the isinglass factory. A saw mill also is still in use- 
 In the year 1687, Nehemiah Jewet was granted leave 
 to dam the Egypt Eiver and build a grist mill, and in 
 1691, Thomas Boreman received permission to seta grist 
 mill on Labour-in-vain Creek, provided he built within 
 two years. The mill on Egypt river was built, near the 
 residence of Mr. John Tenney, and some faint remains 
 are still visible. There is no evidence of which I am 
 aware, that Mr. Boreman ever built. 
 
 The presumption is rather against this, as Col. Salton- 
 stall, son of Richard, received permission anew in June, 
 1695, to utilize the location by Sergeant Clark's. Renewed 
 opposition was made to this project in a written document 
 signed by many, who protested that this grant should not 
 be voted. 
 "1. Because it stops a navigable river. 
 " 2. Because it will damnifie Col. Saltonstall's grant. 
 (i. e. the upper mill privilege, I presume). 
 
 " 3. Because severall other places which will answer ye 
 Town's ends are proposed, which will do less damage to 
 proprietors." 
 
IPSWIOH MILLS AND FACTORIES. 27 
 
 Apparently no further steps were taken by Col. Salton- 
 stall, as permission was granted March 24, 1696, to Ed- 
 mund Potter and others to set up a dam and grist mill on 
 Mile Brook, "not to damnify Col. Appleton's saw-mill." 
 The grist mill was located on the spot where the old mill 
 still stands on the Oliver Smith farm. Col. Appleton's 
 saw mill was a little to the eastward of the bridge oyer 
 Mile Eiver. Still there was a cry for a mill by Sergeant 
 Clark's, and again, on Nov. 4, 1696, it was voted, "Two 
 or three persons that are so minded shall have liberty to 
 erect a mill and raise a dam across ye River by or near ye 
 house where John Clark, Carpenter, formerly lived." 
 But no mill was built, and eventually the piivilege at the' 
 Lower Falls was improved by Eobert Calef who received 
 permission in March 17r4/15. 
 
 William Dodge purchased the mill and privilege at the 
 Lower Fails, but he was not content and in 1730, he re- 
 peated the old plea for a location "at the end of Green 
 Lane," "near Sergeant Clark's formerly so called." He pro- 
 posed to build a dam with gates 20 feet wide to permit 
 boats to pass, and then "throw up his works at the Falls 
 and remove the grist mill he had lately built there down 
 to the place petitioned for." This was negatived and no 
 further attempt was made to place a mill at this spot. 
 
 The Saltonstall heirs continued to hold an interest in the 
 upper Mills until 1729. In that year they sold to John 
 Waite and Samuel Dutch, their interest in two grist mills 
 and a fulling mill, dye-house, house for the miller etc., 
 and a saw mill which had been built on the east side of the 
 river, near the residence of Mr. Clark Abell. Dutch sold 
 his interest in the grist mills and fulling mill, to Waite. 
 In 1746, Benj. Dutch bought of Philemon Dean a half in- 
 terest in the mill property. The mills had been operated 
 for many years by Michael Farley and his sons, and they 
 acquired ownership. He had come from England in 1675, 
 as a skilled miller, to take charge, and his immediate de- 
 scendants were concerned in the mills for more than a 
 hundred and fifty years. 
 
 Grist mills and saw mills had now been erected to meet 
 the needs of the people, but before the ceintury ended a 
 new enterprise of a diflTerent character engaged the atten- 
 
28 IPSWICH MILLS AND FACTORIES. 
 
 tipii of our tpwn.'s folk. Cloth of every kiad was still 
 wovei^ on hapdlooms. Not a few men were weavers by 
 ti;ade, and they produced the necessary woolen and Uneo. 
 fabrics, for su,Gh asi could not weave tor tiiemselves, and 
 t^eir Vork was probably upon the finer quality of broad- 
 cloths and other fine ftibrics fpr the expensive garments: 
 of the gentry. But l^he- great bulk of woolen and cotton 
 or ijnen stuffs, homespun clothsjflannels, quilts, blank^fesu 
 towelling, and table linen, and plain cotton far fanijlgr 
 wear, wev« niade, by the busy housewives pn the &niil^ 
 loom. 
 
 Ii^ l,-785, Edmjund Cartwright, an Oxford, graduate and- 
 a.mii^ipt^r; of the Established Qhjirch, es^hibitedj in Engr 
 landa ppwer-lopnj, which he had invented. It was a rude; 
 machine, but it embodied an idea of; the prpfpundest sig- 
 nificance. It; established the tact that thp slow and labo- 
 ' ripus<hand labor; at the. loom, was destined, tp give placej 
 tp the, more rapidand economical work of machines. His 
 invention met thp fate^of all great and' revolutionary dis- 
 cpyprjes. Tbeintrpductipn of it wa^ vehemently opposed 
 as disastrpii^s. to the handicraft. of multjtudies< and a mill 
 which had been erected and fitted up with 500, of. his: 
 Ippms.was maliciously burned down. There was living 
 ill Ipswiph, at, that time a man of remarkably progressive^ 
 mjlnd, I)r. Jphn Manning. He had- intrpduced inocula- 
 tipn as a prpventive of sm£^ll pox some, years before.,, on 
 his, return from Englancl, and had faced a storni,of caU 
 umny and reproach for his dptprmined conductjn inocu- 
 lating some memher^rOf his, own fapiily. Hp was quick to 
 seethe great value of Garjiwright's invefttipn, and.in 1792,* 
 only seven years after theanveiitiun was exhibited, he had, 
 received a grapt pf. a piece of land, where Caldwell's 
 BlpckiStiip^^vtpday, that he jmighl; erect, a, building for a 
 wpplen manufactpry. Mysi Elizabeth Brown's house was 
 sacrifiepd, but the public was greatly benefited' Thpn 
 mjil wa8,.ereot;pd, ai\d the manufacture of coarse cloths 
 and blankpts was bpgii,n in 1794. The business, provedj 
 unprofitable and was given up in 1800, but this modest 
 vep,ture, is a,tpwfr^ng landmark, in the Industriatl history 
 oi^, our tpw4;i and of, the.- Cpmmonwealth. Dr. Manning's , 
 ^Q^lf^ factory must haivehpep, one of theiearUestvOf te;^-- 
 
IPSWICH Mills and Jtactohies. 29 
 
 tile maiiufactotks on this side the Atlantic. The build- 
 ing was subsequently purchased by Mr. Stephefb Cobul-n 
 and was destroyed by fire. 
 
 The decade 1820 to 1830 was a period of extraordinary 
 interest in industrial affairs. For many y'eai^ the mak- 
 ing of pillow lace had engaged th6 leisure df girls aiid 
 women. It was a local industry, as it ^ould seetn, ahd its 
 origin is unknown. Eeferfihg to Ipswich in 1692, a 
 writer says, " Silk and thread lace of ah ftleigaht and last- 
 ing texture are manufactured in lai'ge qnamtities by women 
 and children and sold for use and eiportation."* The 
 insdustry had attained such large propOl^ions in 1790 that 
 more than 40,000 yards of lace were produeied each year, 
 according to Mr. Felt, the annalist of our ToTi^ii. 
 
 lu 1824, the Boston and tpstrichf Lace Co. was ittcor- 
 porateid with a ^pil^i of $150,000. 'the house near thb 
 Foot Bridge, still fcfaown as the old Ldce Factory, was 
 bought and the manufacture of maehitiiB lace was begtin. 
 The New Engliand Lace Co., witb a ca{)ital of $50,WO, 
 was established in 1827, on High St., in the building 
 now included in the Joseph Rods hondestead. Mt. 
 Fewkeshas told the st6ry of the inception of these indus- 
 tries and' t^eir untiMiely ruin, in lucid fashion. The 
 Boston and Ips^ich Cb^ olbs^d its aflairs in 1827, aiid 
 the New England in 1833. Biit thei ancieilt iridiistri^ of 
 pillow lace inaniafaCture had beetJ completely supplanted, 
 and never attained its former volume. 
 
 The influx of skilled English artisahs that has been of 
 the greatest industrial value to our Town began probably 
 about the year 1822, when Benjamin Feivkes ah'd Greorgfe 
 Warner came with their "frstmi^" fbr the machiile knitting 
 of hosiery. Mr. Fewkes' confident assertion that stock- 
 ings were knit in old IpsWich in 1822, silggfest^ that 
 Ipswich men were in the van df this great tridustry, as 
 Dr. Manniing had been with his power looms in fSife 
 woolen manufacture. But the lace-tiaakiiig and' stocking- 
 knitting were to be supplemented by andther fruiftul ih- 
 dustry. Joseph Farley, the latft in the litie of miller^, 
 was not content with the ancestral business of grinding 
 
 •Mr. M. V. B. Periejr lil his History of Ipswicb, in History of Essex County 
 Mass., Sosfon, 187'8. 
 
30 IPSWICH MILLS AND FACTGKIBS. 
 
 coru. He conceived tbe scheme of , utilizing the water 
 power, hitherto used for the grist mills and fulling mill 
 and the saw mill, for a cotton mill. A company was or- 
 ganized and work was begun on an extensive scale. 
 
 A new dam was built in 1827, an ancient fordway 
 across the river near the old Lace Factory was closed by 
 permission of the Town, and the stone mill was erected at 
 larg« expense^ The machinery was started in 1830; In 
 iJ832 it W 3000 spindles and 260 looms. It. spun Nos. 
 ^0 and 32 yarn, used 80,000 lbs. of cotton, made 450,000 
 yards of cloth annually, worth from 9 J to 10 cents. It 
 employed on an average 18 males and 63 females.* The 
 Ipswich Manufacturing Company, with Joseph Farley as 
 its President, operated boldly. The lower grist mills, 
 and (;>ther buildings on the Island were secured. Land on 
 Elm. St. was bought, and permission of the owners of the 
 estate now owned by Mr. Clark Abell was secured, pre- 
 liminary to building a canal from the River above the 
 upper dam, across the Heard estate to the river. The 
 Asa Andrews estate and the old Lace Factory were 
 purchased and other lands, including the saW mill.j- But 
 financial difficulties arose, and in 1836 Mr. Farley con- 
 yeyed his interests to, the Company. In 1846., a new 
 Company, known as the Dane Manufacturing Co., pur- 
 chased the mills and oth^r properties from the Ipswich 
 Manufacturing Co, The manufacture of drilling was 
 continued. 
 
 M,eaniwhile the hosiery manufacture and kindred indus- 
 tries were coming into , greater prominence. The four 
 small manufactories, mentioned by Mr. Fe\vkes,in which 
 stockings were knit on hand frames, were supplemented 
 by a larger industry, as early as 1834. In a building,; 
 erected by the Hoards at the Lower Mills, James Peat- 
 field and his brother Sanford, were engaged in knitting 
 . shirts and drawers upon a warp frame, invented by James; 
 at least as early as that year. ' • 
 
 Encouraged by their success, the Peatfield brothers 
 bought the land in 1840, and proceeded to build the brick 
 
 *S'elt : Hist, ol Ipswich, p. 101. 
 
 t This old saw mill fell Into ruin, but a new building lor veener sawing was 
 built by Mr. Benjamin C. Hoyt, about 1843. This was remoTed by Mr. James M. 
 Wellington about the year 1859, to Its present location on County Street. 
 
IPSWICH MILLS AND FACTORIES. 31 
 
 factory, now known as " Hayes Tavern." It was equipped 
 with machinery invented by James, and began at once a 
 prosperous business in the production of underwear. Mr. 
 Geo. W. Heard was the warm friend of the enterprise 
 and advanced money for the new manufactory. But the 
 business had been established only a few years, when Mr. 
 Heard was obliged to go into bankruptcy and the Peat- 
 fields were hopelessly involved. Mr. Heard began the 
 knitting business in the building at the Lower Mills about 
 1845, with Mr. Jabez Mann as Superintendent. He se- 
 cured the help of Mr. James Glover, who came from 
 England with a long warp machine. Mr. John Birch 
 and other skilled workmen were engaged as well. 
 
 The Peatfield brothers lost their building and business 
 for a time, but recovered in a few years. Sanford Peat- 
 field sold his share of building and land, but James Peat- 
 field began the manufacture of the nets then in vogue for 
 women's wear, and continued it profitably for years. In 
 a building in the rear of the brick one, which was re- 
 moved from the County House land, a new corporation, 
 known as the Lincoln Manufacturing Co., cariied on a 
 business first of .weaving flannel, and later of hosiery 
 making. 
 
 At Willowdale, within the bounds of Hamilton, Dr. 
 Thomas Manning had built a dam in 1829 and a wooden 
 saw mill. The mill was soon burned and another was 
 erected, which was used in part for the sawing of ve- 
 neers and for turning. The more permanent stone build- 
 ings, the factory and the boarding-house on the hill slope, 
 were in process of erection, and about the year 1834, the 
 looms were installed and the weaving of woolen goods be- 
 gan. The factory was owned by Dr. Manning and it was 
 called "Manning's Mills." During the War of the Re- 
 bellion hosiery machinery was in operation and in 1864, 
 there were manufactured 55,000 pairs of army socks and 
 woolen goods to the value of $135,000. 
 
 The hosiery making gave way to the manufacture of 
 blankets, by the Willowdale Manufacturing Co., and many 
 houses had been erected for the operatives. The Mill was 
 destroyed by fire, January 12, 1884, and was not rebuilt. 
 The stone house has been taken down and except a tem- 
 
32 IPSWICH MILLS AND FACTOKIBS. 
 
 porary use of a wooden building built on the ruins of the 
 old mill, no use has since been made of the water power 
 at this spot. 
 
 The decade 1860 to 1870 was the period of another 
 great advance in the textile industry of the Town. In 
 1863, Henry L. Ordway and Sylvanus F. Canney bought 
 a piece of land on County St. , intending to establish a 
 saw mill. It was proposed that a yarn mill should be 
 erected instead. A capital stock of $40,000 was secured, 
 about half in our Town, and the Company was organized 
 with N. W. Pierce and George G. Colman of Boston, 
 Joseph Ross, Capt. Thomas Dodge and Henry L. Ord- 
 way of Ipswich as Directors, and the firm of Pierce, 
 Hardy & Co., as selling agents. 
 
 After about five years, the Corporation decided to use 
 its yarn. The capital was increased to $50,000, knitting 
 machinery was introduced and the manufacture of hosiery 
 was begun. A few years of great prosperity followed. 
 The capital was increased to $75,000, and the building 
 was enlarged and equipped with the most improved ma- 
 chines. The work produced was of the finest quality, 
 and the most skilful operatives earned ten and twelve 
 dollars a week. Employment was also furnished to three 
 shops, where skilled English hosiery makers worked on 
 hand frames. Burrows & Hunt, Chaa. Bamford & Son, 
 employing eight men, and John Birch, with twelve men in 
 his employ, were constantly engaged on work for this 
 Mill. The stockholders rejoiced in ten per cent, divi- 
 dends, and ninety per cent, of the original investment had 
 been paid to investors, when sudden calamity befell this 
 prosperous and promising business. The great fire in 
 Boston in the fall of 1873 consumed a large amount of 
 finished goods. The insurance companies were bank- 
 rupt and only 38 cents on a dollar were realized by the 
 Company. From this time the business was conducted 
 in the face of great difficulties, but with less and less suc- 
 cess, until the doors were closed in January, 1885. 
 
 The manufacture of cotton cloth was continued in the 
 Stone Mill until 1868 or thereabout. In that year, Mr. 
 Amos A. Lawrence of Boston having purchased for 
 $70,000 the mills and other property owned by that cor- 
 
IPSWICH MILLS AND FACTORIES. 33 
 
 poration, transferred the property to the Ipswich Mills 
 Co. The cotton loonas were removed and hosiery ma- 
 chinery was introduced. For a time, business was con- 
 ducted at a loss. The Company was unfortunate in 
 its superintendents, and the secret of profitable man- 
 ufacture was not attained. The loss was so great, that 
 Mr. Lawrence was on the verge of abandoning the enter- 
 prise, when a young Nottingham manufacturer, Mr. Ev- 
 erard H. Martin, was chosen superintendent. With his 
 coming, an era of prosperity dawned, and for many years, 
 this Corporation has been the chief industrial enterprise 
 of the town. When reverse overtook the Woolen Mills, 
 that property was purchased and has since been operated 
 by the Ipswich Mills. The plant has been enlarged from 
 time to time, and all branches of the business, even to 
 the making of the paper boxes, and the wooden shipping 
 cases, are now carried on, and a branch Mill is operated 
 in South Boston. At present, the superintendent is Mr. 
 Harry B. Brown. About 800 operatives are employed. 
 The annual product is estimated at a million dollars, and 
 the pay roll is from eight to ten thousand dollars a week. 
 
 The hand frame business prospered for many years. 
 James Glover manufactured nets, the Hallams produced 
 fine knit goods, and single frames were operated here and 
 there by a few expert workmen. But this line of manu- 
 facture has become unprofitable, and at the present time 
 it is said that the hand frame weaving which began with 
 the operation of the English loom,in 1822, has ceased and 
 the whole textile production of the Town is the output 
 of the Ipswich Mills. 
 
 The saw mills, once numerous, have suffered similar 
 decline. The Island, granted to Jonathan Wiide, became 
 a busy centre of industry. A fulling mill, two saw mills 
 and a grist mill flourished in the 18"^ century. A manu- 
 factory of knit goods was added in the 19* century. 
 This building was used as a saw mill by the Damon heirs 
 and was burned some years ago. A single building, used 
 for a grist mill, originally, now stands unused. One 
 small saw mill and one grist mill, are the only represen- 
 tatives today of these ancient and important industries. 
 
ANNUAL MEETING. 
 
 The Annual Meeting of the Ipswich Historical Society 
 was held December 7, 1903, at the House of the Society. 
 The following officers were elected. 
 
 President. — T. Frank Waters. 
 Vice Presidents. — John B. Brown, 
 
 Francis R. Appleton. 
 Directors. — Charles A. Sayward, 
 
 John H. Cogswell, 
 
 John W. Nourse. 
 Clerk. — John W. Goodhue. 
 
 Correspond' g Sec. and Treasurer. — T. Frank Waters. 
 Librarian. — John J. Sullivan. 
 
 Social Committee. 
 
 Mrs. J. J. Sullivan, 
 Mrs. Chas. A. Sayward, 
 Mrs. Edward F. Brown, 
 Mrs. Cordelia Damon, 
 Miss Susan C. Whipple, 
 Miss Lucy Slade Lord, 
 Miss C. Bertha Dobson. 
 
 The Committee was authorized to add three members 
 of their own choosing. 
 
 (34) 
 
PRESIDENT'S REPORT, DEC. 7, 1903. 
 
 The year just closed has been devoid of any striking 
 features, yet it has been full of interest. 
 
 Our House continues to attract large numbers of visi- 
 tors, who are always enthusiastic in their admiration of 
 the ancient mansion. By a singular coincidence, the 
 number of names recorded is very uniform. In 1901, 
 there were 1,008 names, in 1902, 1,052, and in 1903, 
 1,097. The gain, though slight, is gratifying. Of these, 
 only 173 were names of Ipswich citizens. 483 were resi- 
 dents of other cities and towns in Massachusetts, and 402 
 were from other States, including representatives from 
 nearly every State, and a few from foreign lands- The 
 most noteworthy of our foreign visitors was Ali Kuli 
 Khan of Teheran, Persia, who appended, to his well writ- 
 ten English autograph, the indecipherable signs and sym- 
 bols of his native language. 
 
 The small number of Ipswich visitors is hardly a fair 
 test of the interest of our town's folk. Many come to the 
 house on social occasions, when names are not registered, 
 and it is encouraging to note that the names of our mem- 
 bers and town's people are invariably recorded with the 
 names of strangers. This indicates that visiting friends 
 are brought to the House, and reveals a real appreciation 
 of its interest and value. 
 
 The "Woman's Club utilized the House on March 6th, 
 for their Reception to Visitors. The Old South Chapter 
 of the D. A. R. came on May 26, and the South Boston 
 Chapter of the D. R. on June 13th. The large Art 
 Class of Mr. Dow came for an evening lecture by the 
 President on July 31st. The most significant gathering, 
 however, was the Annual Meeting of the Daniel Hovey 
 Association on Aug. 6th. By permission of the Society, 
 
 (35) 
 
36 president's report. 
 
 a fine bronze tablet had been placed on the wall of the 
 Cabinet Room, bearing this inscription : 
 
 In 
 
 loving and reverent 
 
 memory 
 
 of 
 
 Daniel Hovey 
 
 bora in England 1618 
 
 died in Ipswich, 1692 
 
 This tablet is erected 
 by his descendants 
 
 at the beginning of the 
 twentieth century. 
 
 He was 
 
 a patriotic citizen 
 
 a righteous man 
 
 and a 
 
 sincere and consistent 
 
 Christian. 
 
 Services of dedication were held on that day. We wel- 
 come this as a forerunner of other memorials, whfch will 
 come in due time, we hope, and which, will enhance the 
 interest and value of our rooms in marked degree. 
 
 By the kindness of Mr. Alvin Langdon Coburn of Bos- 
 ton, a photographic artist of rare skill, an exhibition of 
 his photographs of old houses in this vicinity, and other 
 specimens of his art, was held in September. 
 
 The usual suppers were spread, and in addition, a Mid- 
 summer Tea was devised, to afford opportunity for a 
 gathering of the summer contingent, many of whom are 
 members of the Society. This was largely attended, and 
 resulted in a handsome addition to our Treasury. 
 
 On nearly all these occasions, as well as the suppers, 
 our Social Committee served most appetising lunches, 
 ' and our Society is greatly indebted to the ladies of this 
 Committee for their enthusiasm and zeal. It is a source 
 of especial gratification to them that the receipts from 
 these spreads have amounted to a total of $142. A por- 
 
president's report. 37 
 
 tion of this has been spent wisely in purchasing an abun- 
 dant supply of plated ware of good quality for table ser- 
 vice and some necessary kitchen ware. 
 
 The financial record of the year has been encouraging. 
 The total receipts were $747.33 against $648,64 in 1902 
 and $649.04 in 1901. Membership fees contributed 
 $408.50 to this sum. Door fees amounted to $143.98, 
 the sale of photographs brought $9.26 and the revenue 
 from publications amounted to $19.82. A venture has 
 been made also with a line of stationery which has been 
 fairly remunerative. 
 
 The expenses of the year have been unusually large. 
 The necessity of providing an acting curator last winter, 
 and the high price of fuel enlarged the house expenses 
 materially. A substantial fence, strong though not beau- 
 tiful, has been built around our grounds to prevent the 
 constant travel across our land. An old-fashioned well- 
 sweep has been erected, and the chimneys have been 
 topped out to help the draught. 
 
 These are all permanent improvements, and we need 
 not anticipate any further expense in this direction. Not- 
 withstanding these expenditures, the year has closed with 
 $142.25 in hand, and only one small account is outstand- 
 ing. 
 
 By the kindness of the late Mrs. Elizabeth M. Brovn, 
 always a sincere friend of the Society, a legacy of $500 
 will be paid by her executors within a few months. The 
 balance already in hand, added to this legacy will enable 
 the Society to make a considerable reduction in the debt 
 before another year has passed. 
 
 By the death of Daniel Fuller Appleton, Esq., the So- 
 ciety has lost a generous and enthusiastic friend. He has 
 always encouraged new measures and contributed liberally 
 to the funds needed to accomplish them. His gifts to the 
 Library have been of exceptional value. The ancient 
 manuscripts and rare books, intrinsically valuable, and of 
 especial interest to Ipswich, which he has bestowed, will 
 be a lasting memorial of his regard. 
 
 We regret to announce that Mr. and Mrs. Ralph W. 
 Burnham have ceased to be our curators. Mr. Burnham's 
 
38 president's eepoet. 
 
 collection of rare china and beautiful old furniture has 
 added greatly to the attractiveness of the House. He 
 has always . proved an affable host, and he has done 
 especially good service for the Society during the last 
 year by a carefully written description of the House with 
 excellent illustrations, which was published in the Sep- 
 tember number of "The House Beautiful." Mrs. Burn- 
 ham has been an official of ideal excellence, painstaking 
 in her care of the rooms, gracious in her welcome of visi- 
 tors, and ready at all times to sacrifice her own conven- 
 ience, if the Society could gain any advantage. The 
 Society was singularly fortunate in securing their services 
 at the time when Miss Gray removed her furnishings, 
 and we have reason to regret their departure sincerely. 
 Mr. Burnham's furniture will remain until spring and in 
 the meantime, a vigorpus effort should be made to secure 
 the permanent furnishing of the Parlor. Our Town is 
 rich in fine antiques, and it would seem that some gener- 
 ous, public spirited people might contribute pieces of 
 furniture that would restore again the glory to Israel. 
 
 Mr. and Mrs. Washington Pickard were installed in 
 the House by Mr. Burnham, as substitute care-takers be- 
 fore his business affairs led him to decide on removal. 
 They will continue in charge through the winter. 
 
 The Bay State League of Historical Societies of Essex 
 and Middlesex, has been organized during the past year, 
 and this Society has become a member. Conference with 
 the representatives of other Societies at the meetings 
 of this body has made it plain that few Societies have ac- 
 complished as much as ours in securing permanent homes 
 for themselves and rousing a stronger historic spirit in their 
 communities. I have had the pleasure of a careful inspec- 
 tion of the great collections of the Concord Historical So- 
 ciety, and the unrivalled Museum of the Deerfield Society, 
 the life-work of Hon. George Sheldon, the venerable 
 President. Our Society may never attain such wealth of 
 historic treasures as these, but our House is of unique and 
 unapproachable value. As the burden of our mortgage 
 is lightened, we may soon have larger funds for the 
 work of publication, and when our Memorial Hall is 
 
pbbsident's repobt. 39 
 
 erected on our land near by, we shall have room for a col- 
 lection, which will be worthy of our ancient and honored 
 Town. 
 
 The gradual increase of our membership will furnish us 
 an increasing working fund, and.some rich and generous 
 friends, proud of their Ipswich blood, will soon rise up, 
 we trust, to bestow on us a building for memorial, and 
 for use, which will enable us to make our Society all that 
 we desire. Already our Home has come to wide recog- 
 nition. The finest tribute to its value has recently been 
 paid by the State Historical Society of Wisconsin. This 
 Society wished to establish an historical museum in the 
 fine building erected for its use and a colonial kitchen was 
 a principal item of their plan. The Secretary, Mr. Reuben 
 G. Thwaites, formerly of Dorchester, arranged for the 
 construction of such a room within the long east hall of 
 the Museum. The "Madison Democrat" of February 4, 
 1904, reports the results of his efforts. 
 
 "After a visit of inspection early in November, to the 
 several ancient houses in the neighborhood of Boston, 
 which are now maintained as museums, he decided to take 
 as a model the kitchen of the Whipple homestead in the 
 quaint and beautiful old town of Ipswich, this carefully- 
 restored building being now the property of the Ipswich 
 Historical society. Ideas were also obtained at other old 
 houses particularly the famous Hancock-Clark house at 
 Lexington, and the much visited Antiquarian house at 
 Concord ; and numerous photographs were obtained of all 
 of these." 
 
 " The attempt to produce in our museum the general ef- 
 fect of the Ipswich kitchen has been eminently successful. 
 Prof. Joseph Jastrow, president of the Madison Art asso- 
 ciation, early became interested in the project and from 
 beginning to end devoted to it much time and thought. 
 To him is due a large share of the credit attaching to the 
 artistic result. The old oak beams of the original, now 
 blackened with age (for the Whipple house was built " in 
 part at least before 1642") , have been carefully reproduced ; 
 the spacious fireplace, constructed of blackened brick ob- 
 tained from Indiana, looks as though it had seen centuries 
 
40 pkesident's bepoet. 
 
 of service ; and the walls and shelves are hung with just 
 such articles of the olden time as would have been daily 
 needed in a kitchen of our forefathers in colonial days. 
 Interesting, indeed, are the two fagades, front and rear — 
 the former being fitted with a two-seated porch ; while 
 opening through the latter is the sort of battened door 
 used in ancient days, and fastened by a wooden latch with 
 the latch-string hanging without." 
 
 Photographs of this kitchen have been received, which 
 show a remarkably fine reproduction. We anticipate an 
 increase of interest in our venerable House from this 
 source. 
 
REPORT OF CURATOR. 
 
 Dec. 1: 1902-Dec. 1, 1903. 
 
 Total names registered, - - - - 1097 
 
 Ipswich residents, - - __- 173 
 
 Other towns and cities in Massachusetts, 483 
 
 From other states, ------- 402 
 
 Total registration, - - - 1899 1,134 
 
 " - - - - 1900 1,513 
 
 - - - - 1901 1,008 
 
 " '« - - - 1902 1,052 
 
 " - - - 1903 1,097 
 
 (4n 
 
EEPORT OF THE TREASURER FOR THE YEAR 
 ENDING DEC. 1, ia03. 
 
 T. Frank Waters in account with Ipswich Historical Society. 
 
 Dr. 
 
 Membership fees, $408 50 
 
 House account : 
 Fees at door, - f 143 98 
 
 Sale of Photos, 9 26 
 
 Sale of publications, - 19 82 
 
 Sale of stationery, - - 6 70 
 
 Suppers and Teas (Feb. supper f 39.34 ; Old South 
 
 D. A. R., $15.06; South Boston D. R. $10.80; 
 
 Midsummer Tea, $42.65 ; Tea and Pho. exhibition 
 
 $9.50; Dec. supper, $26.20) - 143 56 
 
 323 31 323 31 
 Gustavus Kinsman, one half fence, 16 52 
 
 747 33 
 Balance, June 1902, 215 02 
 
 $962 36 
 Cr. 
 Running expense of house, 
 including fuel, care of grounds, 
 
 and repairs, - . |152 53 
 
 Work on chimneys. 
 Plated ware, etc.. 
 Fence and well sweep. 
 
 Printing account, - 
 Interest account. 
 Stationery, postage, etc.. 
 Incidentals, - . 
 
 Cash in hand. 
 
 Cash, June 1902, - 
 (42) 
 
 17 25 
 
 
 39 00 
 
 
 84 53 
 
 
 140 78 
 
 140 78 
 
 
 131 63 
 
 
 111 08 
 
 
 82 77 
 
 
 36 04 
 
 
 142 60 
 
 
 747 33 
 
 
 216 02 
 
 $962 36 
 
DONATIONS TO THE IPSWICH HISTOKICAL 
 
 SOCIETY FOE THE YEAR ENDING 
 
 DECEMBEE 1, 1903. 
 
 John Albree, Jr. The Traditions of the Old Weaver's 
 Clock. 
 
 American Ajstiquarian Society. Proceedings, 1903 . 
 
 Daniel Fuller Appleton. Magnalia Christi Americana, 
 by Cotton Mather, A.M. London, 1702. A Di- 
 rectory for the Publique Worship of God throughout 
 the three kingdoms of England, Scotland and Ire- 
 land, with an Ordinance of Parliament taking away 
 the Book of Common Prayer. London, 1644. A 
 View of the new Directory and a Vindication of the 
 ancient Liturgy of the Church of England. Second 
 Edition. Oxford, 1646. 
 
 Brookline (The) Magazine. 
 
 EuFUS Choate- Bible — carried at the battle of Bunker 
 Hill by Francis Merrifield (Loan) . 
 
 Philip E. Clarke. First Principles of Astronomy and 
 Geography. Isaac Watts, D.D. London, 1736. 
 
 Benjamin H. Conant. Wenham Town Report, 1902-3. 
 
 Dudley (Gov. Thomas) Family Association. Pam- 
 phlet No. 1. Governor Thomas Dudley. 
 
 Mrs. Ellis. Old Flag of William Chapman, with 18 Stars. 
 
 Essex Institute. Historical Collections, 1903. 
 
 Friend. Cane owned and carried by Daniel Webster. 
 
 John S. Glover. Cane made from a piece of the 
 Kearsarge, with a head, turned from a fragment of 
 the old Constitution . 
 
 Mrs. John S. Glover. Veil from the brig Falconer, 
 wrecked on Ipswich Beach. Taken from the wreck 
 by David Spiller. Given by him to Mrs. William 
 Eust, mother of Mrs. Glover. 
 
 Luther S. Herrick. Beverly Annual Eeports. 
 
 Augustine Jones. Life of Governor Thomas Dudley. 
 George Fox in New England in 1672. William 
 Eotch of Nantucket. 
 
 Kimball Family News. 
 
 Mrs. Edward P. Kimball. Woven Eug. 
 
 Howard Lane. Paper Weight, Ellery House. 
 
 (43) 
 
44 DONATIONS TO THE IPSWICH HISTORICAL SOCIETY. 
 
 Manchester Historic Association, Manchester, N. H. 
 
 The Historic Quarterly. 
 Medford Historical Society. Historical Register, 
 
 Vol. VI : No. 2. 
 Oneida Historical Society. Transactions, 1903. 
 Peabody Historical Society. Exercises attending the 
 
 unveiling of the tablet at the Birthplace of George 
 
 Peabody. 
 Mrs. Richards. Part of old Lamp. 
 Nathan P. Sanborn. Capt. John Glover and his Mar- 
 
 blehead Regiment. 
 Charles A. Sayward. Deed of John Rogers, 1693. 
 George Sheldon. Publications of Poquumtuck Valley 
 
 Association. Vols, i and ii. 
 Charles C. Smith. Memoir of William Sumner Ap- 
 
 pleton. 
 Mrs. Ellen M. Smith. Works of Rev. John Flavel- 
 
 Vol. I. London, 1701. 
 J. G. R. Smith. MS. Sermons by Rev. Nathaniel 
 
 Rogers. Commission of Capt. Samuel Rogers, 1 739. 
 
 Deeds — Norton to Wise, 1723. Continental 
 
 money. Essex Guzette — 1771 — with an account of 
 
 the Boston Massacre . 
 TopsFiELD Historical Society . Publications. Vols, viii 
 
 and IX. ' 
 
 Bayard Tdckerman. Palfrey's History of New Eng- 
 land. Calefs Wonders of the Invisible World. 
 William P. Upham. John Cotton's, "Moses His Ju- 
 
 dicialls." 
 Daniel Wade. Supplement to the Year Book of 1899, 
 
 of the Society of Sons of the Revolution in the 
 
 State of New York, 1903. 
 Watertown Historical Society. Memorial discourse 
 
 on the Life and Character of its late President, Rev. 
 
 Edward A. Rand. 
 Mrs. Joseph Willcomb. Indian Implements collected 
 
 by the late Capt. Joseph Willcomb. 
 Oliver C. Willcomb. Willcomb Family, Sketch of 
 
 History of Ipswich. 
 Wisconsin State Historical Society. Memorial 
 
 Volume 1901. 
 
RESIDENT MEMBERS. 
 
 Dr. Charles E. Ames, 
 
 Mrs. Susan A. R. Appleton, 
 
 Francis B. Appleton, 
 
 Mrs. Frances L. Appleton, ' 
 
 James W. Appleton, 
 
 Randolph M. Appleton, 
 
 Mrs. Helen Appleton, 
 
 Miss S. Isabel Arthur, 
 
 Dr. G. Guy Bailey, 
 
 Mrs. Grace F. Bailey, 
 
 Mrs. Elizabeth H. Baker, 
 
 Mrs. Ellen B. Baker, 
 
 John FT. Baker, 
 
 Miss Katharine C. Baker, 
 
 Charles W. Bamforci, 
 
 Miss Mary D. Bates, 
 
 John A. Blake, 
 
 Mrs. Caroline E. Bomer, 
 
 James W. Bond, 
 
 Warren Boynton, 
 
 Miss Annie Gertrude Brown, 
 
 Charles W. Brown, 
 
 Edward F. Brown, 
 
 Henry Brown* 
 
 Mrs. Carrie R. Brown, 
 
 Mrs. Elizabeth Brown, 
 
 Miss Isabelle G. Brown, 
 
 Mrs. Lavinia A. Brown, 
 
 Robert Brown, 
 
 Miss Alice G. Burnham, 
 
 Ralph W. Burnham, 
 
 Mrs. Nellie Mae Burnham, 
 
 Fred F. Byron, 
 
 Miss Joanna Caldwell, 
 
 Miss Lydia A. Caldwell, 
 
 Miss Sarah P. Caldwell, 
 
 Charles A. Campbell, 
 
 Mrs. Lavinia Campbell, 
 
 Edward W. Choate, 
 
 Philip B. Clarke, 
 
 Mrs. Mary E. Clarke, 
 
 Miss Lucy C. Coburn, 
 
 Sturgis Coffin, 2d, 
 
 John H. Cogswell, 
 
 Theodore F. Cogswell, 
 
 Arthur W. Conant, 
 
 Miss Harriet D. Condon, 
 Rev. Edward Constant, 
 Miss Roxie C. Cowles, 
 Rev. Temple Cutler, 
 Arthur C. Damon, 
 Mrs. Carrie Damon, 
 Mrs. Cordelia Damon, 
 Everett G. Damon, 
 Harry K. Damon, 
 Mrs. Abby Danforth, 
 Miss Edith L. Daniels, 
 Mrs. Grace F. Davis, 
 Mrs. Howard Dawson, 
 George G. Dexter, 
 Miss C. Bertha Dobson, 
 Harry K. Dodge, 
 Rev. John M. Donovan, 
 Mrs. Sarah B. Dudley, 
 Mrs. Charles G. Dyer, 
 George Fall, 
 Miss Emeliiie C. Farley, 
 Mrs. Emma Farley, 
 Miss Lucy R. Farley, 
 Miss Abbie M. Fellows, 
 Benjamin Fewkes, 
 James E. Gallagher, 
 John S. Glover, 
 Frank T. Goodhue, 
 John W. Goodhue, 
 ■William Goodhue, 
 John J. Gould, 
 Miss Harriet F. Gove, 
 David A. Grady, 
 James Graffam, 
 Mrs. Eliza H. Green, 
 Mrs. Lois H. Hardy, 
 George Harris, 
 Mrs. Kate L. Haskell, 
 George H. W. Hayes, 
 Mrs. Alice L. Heard, 
 Miss Alice Heard, 
 John Heard, 
 
 Mrs. Louise S. Hodgkins, 
 Miss S. Louise Holmes, 
 Charles G. Hull, 
 Miss Lucy S.' Jewett, 
 
 (i5) 
 
46 
 
 NON-EESIDENT MEMBERS. 
 
 John A. Johnson, 
 Miss Ellen M. Jordan, 
 Albert Joyce, 
 Charles M. Kelly, 
 Fred A. Kimball, 
 Robert S. Kimball, 
 Miss Bethiah D. Kinsman, 
 Miss Mary E. Kinsman, 
 Mrs. Susan K. Kinsman, 
 Dr. Frank W. Kyes, 
 Mrs. Georgie C. Kyes, 
 Curtis E. Lakeman, 
 J. Howard Lakeman, 
 G. Frank Langdon, 
 Mrs. G. F. Langdon, 
 Austin L. Lord, 
 George A. Lord, 
 Miss Lucy Slade Lord, 
 Thomas H. Lord, 
 Mrs. Lucretia S. Lord, 
 Walter E. Lord, 
 James F. Mann, 
 Everard H. Martin, 
 Mrs. Marietta K. Martin, 
 Miss Abby L. Newman, 
 Mrs. Amanda K. Nichols, 
 William J. Norwood, 
 Mrs. Elizabeth B. Norwood, 
 John W. Nourse; 
 Charles H. Noyes, 
 Mrs. Harriet E. Noyes, 
 Rev. Reginald Pearce, 
 I. E. B. Perkins, 
 Miss Carrie S. Perley, 
 Augustine H. Flouff, 
 James H. Proctor, 
 James 8. Robinson, Jr. 
 Mrs. Anna C. C. Robinson, 
 Rev. William H. Rogers, 
 Miss Anna W. Ross, 
 Fred. G. (Ross, 
 
 Mrs. Mary F. Ross, 
 
 Joseph F. Ross, 
 
 Mrs. Helene Ross, 
 
 Dr. William H. Russell, 
 
 William S. Russell, 
 
 William W. Russell, 
 
 Daniel Safford, 
 
 Emma Safford, 
 
 Angus Savory, 
 
 Charles A. Sayward, 
 
 Mrs. Henrietta W. Sayward, 
 
 George A. Schofleld, 
 
 Amos E. Scotton, 
 
 Dex-ter M. Smith, 
 
 Mrs. Olive P. Smith, 
 
 Mrs. ElizabetJi K. Spaulding, 
 
 George W. Starkey, 
 
 Dr. Frank H. Stockwell, 
 
 Mrs. Sadie B. Stockwell, 
 
 Miss Lucy Belle Story, 
 
 Edward M. Sullivan, 
 
 John J. Sullivan, 
 
 Mrs. Elizabeth M. Sullivan, 
 
 Arthur L. Sweetser, 
 
 Andrew S. Thomson, 
 
 Samuel H. Thurston, 
 
 George W. Tozer, 
 
 Miss Ellen R. Trask, 
 
 Francis H. Wade, 
 
 Jesse H. Wade, 
 
 Miss Nellie F. Wade, 
 
 Miss Emma E. Wait, 
 
 Luther Wait, 
 
 Rev. T. Frank Waters, 
 
 Mrs. Adeline M. Waters, 
 
 Miss Susan C. Whipple, 
 
 Fred G. Whittier, 
 
 Mrs. Marianna Whittier, 
 
 Miss Eva Adams Willcomb, 
 
 Chester, P. Woodbury . 
 
 NON-RESIDENT MEMBERS. 
 
 Frederick J. Alley . 
 Mrs. Mary G. Alley 
 John B. Brown* 
 Mrs. Lucy T. Brown* 
 Frank T. Burnham . 
 Rev. Augustine Caldwell 
 Bben Caldwell 
 Miss Florence F. Caldwell 
 Mrs. Luther Caldwell 
 Miss Mira B. Caldwell 
 
 Hamilton, Mass. 
 It 1 . 
 
 . Chicago, 111. 
 
 So. Framinghain, Mass. 
 
 Eliot, Me. 
 
 Elizabeth, N. J. 
 
 . Philadelphia, Pa. 
 
 Lynn, Mass. 
 
 'Summer home in Ipswich. 
 
NON-RESIDENT MEMBERS. 47 
 
 Bufos Choate Essex, Mass. 
 
 Alexander B. Clark . . . . Peabody, Mass 
 
 Mrs. Edward Cordis . ... Jamaica Plain, Mass. 
 
 Dr. Richard H. Derby New York, N. Y. 
 
 Joseph D. Dodge .... Lynn, Mass. 
 
 Mrs. Edith S. Dole Newbury, Mass. 
 
 Arthur W. Dow* Brooklyn, N. Y. 
 
 Joseph K. Farley . . . Lihue, Kauai, Hawaiian Islands. 
 
 Sylvanus C. Farley Alton, 111. 
 
 Edward B. George . ... . . Rowley, Mass. 
 
 Dr. B. S. Goodhue , . . " Wailuka, Maui, Hawaiian Islands. 
 Samuel V. Goodhue . ... Salem, Mass. 
 
 Miss Mary A. Hodgdon . . • . . Forest GroTe, Ore. 
 
 Rey. Horace C. Hovey Newburyport, Mass. 
 
 Miss Ruth A. Hovey .... Lake Mohonk, N. Y. 
 
 Gerald L. Hoyt* ... ... ,.New York, N. Y. 
 
 Mrs. May Hoyt* .. i. .< 
 
 Miss Julia Hoyt* <. « 
 
 Lydig Hoyt* . . " " " 
 
 Albert P. Jordan Fresno, California. 
 
 Edward Earanagh Essex, Mass. 
 
 Arthur S. Kimball Oberlin, O. 
 
 Rev. John C. Kimball Sharon, Mass. 
 
 Rev. Frederic J. Kinsman . . Middlebury, Conn. 
 
 Mrs. Mary B. Main Middletown, Conn. 
 
 Mrs. Frances E. Markoe .... Philadelphia, Penn. 
 
 Miss Heloise Meyer ... Hamilton, Mass. 
 
 Mrs. Anna Osgood* Orange, N. J. 
 
 Rev. Robert B. Parker* . ... Providence, R. I. 
 
 Moritz B. PhiUpp* ... . . New York, N. Y. 
 
 Bowing W. Fierson ...""" 
 
 Fred. H. Plonff, Boston, Mass. 
 
 A. Davidson Remick <■ u 
 
 James E. Richardson ... . . Salem, Mass. 
 
 Mrs. Lucy C. Roberts Cambridge, Mass. 
 
 Mrs. E. M. H. Slade New York, N.Y. 
 
 Edward A. Smith Salem, Mass. 
 
 Miss Elizabeth P. Smith " 
 
 Mrs. Harriette A. Smith* New York, N. Y. 
 
 Henry P. Smith Salem, Mass. 
 
 Rev. R. Cotton Smith* Washington, D. C. 
 
 Mrs. Alice L. Story. Essex, Mass. 
 
 Rev. William H. Thayer* Southboro, Mass. 
 
 Miss Ann H. Treadwell .Jamaica Plain, Mass. 
 
 Bayard Tuckerman* New York, N. Y. 
 
 Charles S. Tuckerman* iBoston, Mass. 
 
 Charles H. Tweed New York, N, Y. 
 
 Miss Laura B. Underhill* « .. .. 
 
 Miss Martha E. Wade Somerville, Mass. 
 
 Mrs. Caroline L. Warner Swampscott, Mass. 
 
 Henry C. Warner " " 
 
 Wallace P. Willett East Orange, N. J. 
 
 Mrs. Elizabeth Willett ' 
 
 Robert D. Winthrop New York, N. Y. 
 
 Chalmers Wood* «- .. 
 
 * Summer home In Ipswich. 
 
48 
 
 HONORARY MEMBERS. 
 
 ^.IFB MKMBEK. 
 
 Mrs. Alice C. Bemis 
 
 Colorado Springs, Col. 
 
 HONOKARY MEMBBE8. 
 
 John Albree, Jr. 
 Miss Lucy Hammatt Brown 
 Charles W. Darling 
 Miss Caroline Farley 
 Frank C. Farley 
 Mrs. Katherine S. Farley 
 Mrs. Eunice W. Felton 
 Jesse Fewkes . 
 Reginald Foster 
 Augustus P. Gardner 
 Charles L. Goodhue 
 Miss Emily R. Gray 
 Arthur W. Hale 
 Albert Farley Heard, 2d . 
 Otis Kimball 
 Mrs. Otis Kimball 
 Miss Sarah S. Kimball 
 Frederick J. Kingsbury 
 Miss Caroline T. Leeds 
 Miss Katherine P. Loring 
 Mrs. Susan M. Loring 
 Mrs. Elizabeth R. Lyman 
 Josiah H. Mann 
 Miss Adeline E. Manning 
 Henry S. Manning 
 Mrs. Mary W. Manning 
 George von L. Meyer 
 Miss Esther Parmenter 
 Mrs. Mary S. C. Peabody 
 Frederic H. Ringe 
 Richard M. Saltonstall 
 Denison R. Slade 
 Joseph Spiller 
 Miss Ellen A. Stone 
 Harry W. Tyler 
 Albert Wade 
 Edward P. Wade 
 George Willcomb 
 Robert C. Winthrop, Jr. 
 
 
 
 Swampscott, Mass. 
 Boston, Mass 
 
 
 Utica, N. Y 
 
 
 Cambridge, Mass 
 So. Manchester, Conn 
 
 
 C( 1£ tt 
 
 
 
 Cambridge, Mass 
 Newton, Mass. 
 
 
 
 Boston, Mass 
 
 
 
 Hamilton, Mass 
 
 
 
 Springfield, Mass 
 
 Sauquoit, N. Y. 
 
 Winchester, Mass 
 
 
 
 Boston, Mass 
 
 
 
 Salem, Mass. 
 
 
 
 Waterbury, Conn. 
 
 Boston, Mass. 
 (t (( 
 
 
 
 . Brookline, Mass. 
 
 
 
 Ipswich, Mass. 
 Boston, Mass. 
 
 
 
 . New York, N. Y. 
 
 tt <( ( t 
 
 
 
 Rome, Italy. 
 
 Rowley, Mass. 
 
 Ipswich, Mass 
 
 Los Angeles, Cal. 
 
 Boston, Mass. 
 
 
 
 Center Harbor, N. H. 
 
 
 
 Boston, Mass. 
 
 
 
 East Lexington, Mass. 
 Boston, Mass 
 
 
 
 Alton, 111. 
 
 1 1 (t 
 
 
 
 Boston, Mass. 
 
.„ PUBLICATIONS ... 
 
 aw tax 
 
 IPSWICH HISTORICAL SOCIETY. 
 
 I, Thft Oration by Kev. Washington Gboate and the Poem by Rer. 
 ' Edgar F. Davis, on' fhe 200th Anniversary of the Besistance to 
 
 th* Andro» Tax, 18*7. . Price 86 cents. 
 
 II. The President'! aI^css and other Procwstogs at the Dedica- 
 
 tion of their ne^iy room, Eeb. 3, l^jSB. JPsioe 10 cents. 
 
 {III. Unveiling of the Mem6rial Tablets at the South Comrnon and 
 IV. Proceedings at tile Annual Meeting, Dec. 7, 1896. Price 25 
 cents. 
 
 V. The Early Hflpes of the puritans and Some OW'^swlch Houses 
 
 •with Pr^csefdrngs at thcAnnual KTeeting, 1897i/,;'^lce 60 cents. 
 (Out of Etttt.) ^ ■ 
 
 VI . Exercises at the Dedteation of ae Ant^jlt House yHak a History 
 
 of the Honsef, ajjft Proceedinffli at the Annual Mieeting, 1898. 
 Out ot print, Jip* ttie Histortjfthe House is reprinted in Num- 
 ber X. '^^ 
 
 VII. A Sketch of the Life of John Wlnthrop the Younger, vrith 
 
 pdrtrait and valuable reprodqctiCons of ancient documents 
 and autographs, by T. Frank Wfiters. Price $2:60. Postage 
 iScen^a-, , > . ' 
 
 VIII. " The l)^*ele©ni^t of our Town G<)Ternment " and^' Com- 
 mon' Lands^ndfdotnjnonage," with the Proceedings at the 
 Ann^ynt^Blg' I^^- Price 25 cents. 
 
 itor^H^ O 
 T. :g|lBk Wii 
 
 IX. A Histor^mpKe OM Argilla S;pi^d in Ipsvrich, Massachusetts, 
 by T. npRk W&ters. Price 2S cents. 
 
 X. " The Hotel Cluny of a New En^ft^jVillage,? by Sylvester Bax- 
 
 ter, and the History of the J^lent House, "with Proceedipgs 
 at the Annual Meeting, 190©^ Price 26 cents. 
 
 XI. The M«etii% House Green and a Study of Houses aqd Lands in 
 
 that vicinity, with Proce^cdings at the Annual Meeting, Dec. 2, 
 1901. Price, 26 cents. ^^ - 
 
 XII. Th<an»S Dudley and Simon and Ann Bradstreet. A Study of 
 
 House-Lots to Determine the Location of xTheir Homes, and, 
 the,J5xercjses at the Dedication of Tablets, July 31, 1902, 
 tirljblx, Proceedings at the Annual Meeting, Dec. 1, 1902. 
 
 Xlil.' .;"Fine Thread, Lace and Hosiery in Ipswich" by Jesse Fewkes, 
 and'* Ipswich Mills and Factories," by T. Frank Waters, with 
 Proccfedings at the Annual Meeting. Price 26 cents.