The original of tiiis book is in tine Cornell University Library. There are no known copyright restrictions in the United States on the use of the text. http://www.archive.org/details/cu31924068919533 MJiJELL UWVER5ITV LIBRAHV 3 1924 068 919 533 MAYORS OF PHILADELl'IJIA. From Consolidation, 1S.")4 (n ]s,-,-;. THE PHILADELPHIA POLICE, PAST AND PRESENT. HOWARD O. SPROGLE. ILLUSTRATED WITH PORTRAITS AND HTCHIXGS. PHILADELPHIA, 1887. Copyrighted By HO>ArARD O. SPROGLK. 1887. Au. Bights Beskrvsd. In compliance with current copyright law, LBS Archival Products produced this replacement volume on paper that meets the ANSI Standard Z39.48-1984 to replace die irreparably deteriorated original. 1992 _^ ™ (00) PREFACE. Probably the most important branch of municipal government is the department of police. What the condition of affairs would be in a great city like Philadelphia without this controlling power for good order and protection is simply indescribable. It is a mighty force that few people in the ordinary walks of life ever stop to think of. They take it as a matter of course that they are able to go and come at all hours of the day and night in all parts of this great city without molestation. They do not realize what the consequences would be if this human dyke against the waves of crime and out- rage should give way for a day or even an hour. The most careless and least observing, however, must know that in a community of a million souls there must be the usual proportion of the vicious and criminal. This proportion does not vary greatly in any community, and Philadelphians have no right to claim for themselves a purer social at- mosphere than that of other great cities of the world, unless it be true that the laws are more rigidly enforced here than elsewhere. If this be true— and statistics bear out the proposition — then the credit belongs to the blue-coated conservators of the peace, and the heads that direct their operations. A city free from crime is a consummation of which poets sing and police officials dream, but it will only be a PREFACE. reality when the millennium arrives or Utopia is annexed. The ambition of every honest police ofificial is to keep the district confided to his care as free from crime as possible, and the officer who never loses sight of his ambition is seldom brought "to the front." The watchwords of every faithful officer are " vigilance," " courage " and " perse- verance," and the greatest of these is " vigilance." There is a glamour of mysterious interest invest- ing. the men who watch while other men sleep, who keep the social wolves at bay or track them to their lair, who take all the risks of a soldier and receive none of the popular glory when they fall in the performance of their duty, as do the men who carry arms in the field. Few people outside of those directly interested with the administration of justice and of municipal affairs know anything of the operation of this department, or of the duties and characteristics of the men constituting the force. Every citizen, and certainly every official connected with the administration of the laws of the city, must feel an interest in the institution and development of the system that protects his person and property. It is the object of this work to trace the develop- ment of the present perfect system from its most primitive beginnings and to record the personnel of a police force that, unlike any other in the United States, is native to the city which it watches and guards.* H. O. S. Philadelphia, February, i88'j. * Of the ooe thouBsnd six hundred and elxty ofiScers 'and patrolmen, flTe-alxths were bom in this city, and seven-eighthe in the Unitpd Stntes. INTRODUCTION. In so large a body of men as that constituting the police force of Philadelphia, changes necessarily frequently occur. The following pages give the roster of the force as it stood on a given date, the 15th of February, 1887. It can be said that in the following pages justice has not been done either officers or patrolmen ; space would not permit it. Even the bare mention of each patrolman has ex- panded the book to almost unwieldy proportions. There are many on the force who have held their positions for years, some upwards of thirty, concern- ing any one of whom a readable story could be written. But these with the others had to be dis- missed, each with a few lines. Of the officers com- manding, a short sketch has been given, chronicling the most noteworthy services they have rendered in their capacity of conservators of the public peace. The historical material for this work was obtained chiefly from the official records of the police depart- ment in the mayor's office, though much informa- tion was had from other sources. For the early his- tory the writer has drawn on the " Historical Notes of the Early Government and Legislative Coun- cils and Assemblies of Pennsylvania," Mr. Thompson Westcott's valuable " History of Philadelphia," and other historical works, old guide books, directories, and papers which were kindly placed at his disposal INTRODUCTION. by the Mercantile Library through its librarian, Mr. John Edwards. The various ordinances of councils and acts of assembly relating to the subject have also been consulted and used. To Mr. Thompson Westcott, personally, the writer wishes to express his acknowledgments for courtesies extended. To ex-mayors Vaux, Stokley and King ; ex-chiefs of police General Mulholland and Colonel Givin ; to Mr. Joseph Wood, ex-chief of detectives; to Mayor Smith and to General James Stewart, Jr., chief of police, the writer is under obligations for much in- formation, and the means to verify the correctness of the work, and to every officer, patrolman and sub- stitute of the department, he is indebted for mate- rial aid and assistance. Mr. Edwin S. Stuart kindly allowed the use of many of the original illustrations of old-time jails, buildings, and other historical places, taken from " Watson's Annals of Philadelphia." Messrs. Gilbert & Bacon, photographers, kindly furnished the negatives for a number of portraits, as did also " Kuebler" and D. Lothrop. The etchings, including both scenes and portraits, are the work of the Crosscup & West Engraving Company. HOWARD O. SPROGLE. Philadelphia, February 15, 1887. CONTENTS. CHAPTER I. Early Police Regulations. (1609 — 1700.) DISCOVERY OF THE DELAWARE RIVER AND SETTLEMENT BY THE DUTCH. — CHARTER OF THE DUTCH WEST INDIA COMPANY (1621). — ARRIVAL OF THE SWEDES (1638). — SEAT OF GOVERNMENT ESTABLISHED AT TIN- ICUM (1643). — THE SETTLEMENTS OF THE SWEDES ALONG THE DELAWARE FALL INTO THE HANDS OF THE DUTCH (1655). — THE " SCHOUT FISCAL." — CON- QUEST BY THE ENGLISH (1664). — THE GRANT TO THE DUKE OF YORK. — CONSTABLES APPOINTED TO KEEP THE king's PEACE (1671). — DUTIES OF THE CON- STABLES.— THEIR FEES AND EMOLUMENTS OF OFFICE. —THE OFFICE OF SCHOUT CONVERTED INTO A SHRIEV- ALTY (1672). — THE GRANT OF PENNSYLVANIA TO WIL- LIAM PENN (1681). — THE LAWS ESTABLISHED FOR THE PROVINCIAL GOVERNMENT. —ARRIVAL OF PENN AT PHILADELPHIA ( 1 682).— CONDITION OF THE CITY. — APPOINTMENT OF SHERIFFS AND OTHER PEACE OFFI- CERS. — THE GOVERNOR AND PROVINCIAL COUNCIL AS A COURT. — TRIAL OF PICKERING AND HIS COMPAN- IONS FOR FORGERY. — DEPARTURE OF PENN FOR ENGLAND (1684). — FIRST WATCH ESTABLISHED (1684). — CAGE BUILT FOR CONFINEMENT OF EVIL-DOERS. — A " HIRED " PRISON USED (1685). — FIRST PUBLIC PRISON BUILT. — LAX PRISON DISCIPLINE. — ODD PRE- SENTMENT BY THE GRAND JURY.— PIRATES IN PHIL- ADELPHIA (1699). — FIRST NIGHTLY WATCH ESTAB- LISHED (1700) Pp. 1-27. * vi.i CONTENTS. CHAPTER II. Watchmen in the Olden Time. (1700— 1797.) REPORTS OF THE LOW STATE OF MORALS IN PHILADEL- PHIA CALL FORTH A LETTER FROM PENN. — THE COUN- CILS REPLY OF CONFESSION AND AVOIDANCE. — PENN'S second visit. — a grand jurv's presentment on the morals of the times ( 1 702).— governor evans" militia. — affray of william penn, junior, and governor evans with the watch. — a night patrol of citizens to act as watchmen estab- lished (1705). — new regulations for the city watch.— citizens fined for refusing to act as constables and watchmen. — instructions to a constable defining his duties as captain of the watch (1722). — a new order of things sug- gested by the grand jury (1742). — the act of 1 75 1, for lighting the streets and regulating the nightly watch. — the first regularly sala- ' ried police force of philadelphia. — regula- tions prescribed for the constables and watch- men. — penalties for smashing the city's new lamps. — watch-boxes in the olden time. — the Watchmen's cry. — their early trials. — "old'' carlisle and "jim" west. — singular duties of the early mayors. — watch-houses. — superin- tendent of the watch appointed (1797). Pp. 28-53. CHAPTER III. PROGRESS OF THE CiTY TOWARDS A POLICE SYSTEM. (1797— 1850.) THE STONE PRISON AT THIRD AND HIGH STREETS. — THE WHIPPING-POST, PILLORY AND STOCKS.— PUNISHMENTS CONTENTS. ix INFLICTED ON CRIMINALS.— THE TOWN BELL. — I'KIMI- TIVE MANNER IN WHICH CASES WERE DECIDED. — PRO. VINCIAL COURT ERECTED.— BARBAROUS PUNISHMENT INFLICTED ON A WOMAN.— THE DUCKING-STOOL. — THE OLD WALNUT STREET PRISON.— INSURRECTION WITHIN THE PRISON.— ARCH STREET PRISON. — INDEPENDENCE HALL ERECTED. — THE LIBERTY BELL. — HOW THE OLD BELL WAS CRACKED. — ITS JOURNEY TO THE NEW ORLEANS EXHIBITION. — THE POOR LAWS. — THE FRIENDS' ALMSHOUSES.— THE SPRUCE STREET " BET- TERING HOUSE." — THE HIGH CONSTABLES AND THEIR DUTIES (1811). — THE CAPTAIN OF THE WATCH. — PAY Of watchmen.— watchmen stationed AT CENTRE SQUARE ENGINE-HOUSE (1814). — NIGHTLY WATCHES AND LAMPS ESTABLISHED IN NORTHERN LIBERTIES AND SOUTHWARK. — THE CITY'S GUARDIANS IN 1 83 1. — MARKED PROGRESS IN THE POLICE SYSTEM (1833). ^THE CITY DIVIDED INTO DIVISIONS AND SECTIONS FOR POLICE PURPOSES.— WATCH-HOUSES PROVIDED. — LIEUTENANTS OF POLICE APPOINTED. — NEGRO RIOTS (1842). — THE WEAVERS' RIOTS IN KENSINGTON (1843). — "NATIVE AMERICAN" RIOTS OF 1 844. — THE KILL- ING OF GEORGE SHIFFLER.— HIBERNIA HOSE-HOUSE BURNED. — THE MILITARY CALLED OUT. — DESTRUCTION OF ST. AUGUSTINE CHURCH. — THE POLICE FORCE STRENGTHENED. — THE CITY AND DISTRICTS APPROACH- ING CONSOLIDATION. — POLICE AND POLICE SUPERIN- TENDENTS CREATED FOR THE CITY AND DISTRICT. — THE LAW OF 1845 Pp. 54-88. CHAPTER IV. Birth and Infancy of the Present System. (1850— 1858.) THE RULE of THE "GANGS." — ST. MARY STREET RIOT. — A POLICE MARSHALATE CREATED. — WORKINGS OF THE NEW SYSTEM. — GROWTH OF THE CONSOLIDATION IDEA. X CONTENTS. — PASSAGE OF THE ACT. — MAYOR CONKAD'S ELECTION. — REORGANIZATION OF THE FORCE. — THE NEW MAY- OR'S RINGING MESSAGE. — THE " AMERICAN BIRTH " QUALIFICATION. — OPPOSITION TO A UNIFORM. — EN- FORCEMENT OF THE SUNDAY LAWS. — MAYOR VAUX'S LARGE FORCE. — FORMATION OF THE RESERVES. — LOYAL " RAT " ALLEN. — THE ALARM TELEGRAPH IN- TRODUCED Pp. 89-113. CHAPTER V. The First Two Republican Mayors. (1858— 1868.) MAYOR HENRY BESET BY OFFICE-SEEKERS. — THE RE- SERVES UNIFORMED. — ESTABLISHMENT OF THE DE- TECTIVE FORCE. — CHIEF WOOD'S EFFICIENCY. — THE WHOLE DEPARTMENT UNIFORMED. — RIVER AND HAR- BOR POLICE ORGANIZED WITH TWO BOATS' CREWS. — WAR DUTY IN HARRISBURG. — OFFICE OF FIRE MAR- SHAL CREATED. — MAYOR HENRY'S LIFE AND SER- VICES. — PROVISION FOR DISABLED SOLDIERS. — THE OFFENCE OF " CORNER LOUNGING." — NEW POLICE DISTRICTS . . . Pp. II4-131. CHAPTER VI. The Days of " Fox's Police." THE RELIGIOUS ISSUE IN THE CAMPAIGN OF 1 868. — RESIG- NATION AND DEATH OF CHIEF RUGGLES. — MAYOR fox's reception to GENERAL GRANT. — EXCITEMENT OVER ABOLITION OF THE VOLUNTEER FIRE DEPART- MENT. — THE PERIL OF THE ENGINE-HOUSE. — REOR- GANIZATION OF THE DEMORALIZED DETECTIVE FORCE UNDER CHIEF MULHOLLAND. — THE FOUR CAPTAINCIES CREATED.— THE FORCE AT LAST INCREASED. — GENERAL MULHOLLAND'S DEFENCE OF THE ADMINISTRATION. Pp. 132-149. CONTENTS. xi CHAPTER VII. " Martinet " Stokley's Time. (1872— 1881.) the new mayor's election. — A PROMOTION. — HIS COURSE IN COUNCILS. — IMMEDIATE REFORM ANT) STRICT DISCIPLINE IN THE FORCE. — FURTHER NU- MERICAL INCREASE. — THE CENTENNIAL POLICE AND CENSUS.— HOUSE-TO-HOUSE SEARCH FOR CHARLIE ROSS. — LODGING FOR THE INDIGENT IN STATION- HOUSES.— RAILROAD RIOTS OF 1877.— DEATH OF CHIEF JONES. — CAPTAIN GIVIN HIS SUCCESSOR. Pp. 150-163. CHAPTER VIII. The Police Free from Politics. (1881— 1884.) THE new mayor's PLEDGES AND PRINCIPLES. — THE fire-cracker and concealed-weapon NUISANCES ABATED.— CONFIDENCE OF REPUBLICAN COUNCILMEN IN THE ADMINISTRATION.— A MODEL STATION-HOUSE BUILT AND THE GAMEWELL ALARM SYSTEM INTRO- DUCED. — JAILING OF POOL-ROOM PROPRIETORS. — THE SULLIVAN-CLEARY FIGHT PREVENTED. — APPOINT- MENT OF COLORED POLICEMEN. — DR. WHITE'S LEC- TURES ON " FIRST AID TO THE WOUNDED," AND THE REWARD MEDAL. — LIFE OF MAYOR KING. — EXTRAOR- DINARY SERVICES OF CHIEF GIVIN DURING THE LABOR RIOTS Pp. 164-188. xii CONTENTS. CHAPTER IX. The Force as Perfected. (1884- 1 887.) MAYOR smith's CAREER. — HIS PLEDGES. — PHYSICAL EX- AMINATIONS. — INCREASE IN HEADQUARTERS' STAFF. — SYSTEM OF APPOINTMENT. — REPAIR OF POLICE BOATS AND STATION-HOUSES. — DUTIES OF THE POLICE SURGEON AND SOLICITOR.— THE ALMSHOUSE AND KING FIRES CAUSE THE CREATION OF A LIFE-SAVING SERVICE. — TRAMP LODGINGS ABOLISHED AND STATION- HOUSE MATRONS APPOINTED. — REFORM OF THE VAN SERVICE. — CHANGE IN UNIFORM ... Pp. 1 89-225. CHAPTER X. Chief of Police and Detectives. chief stewart's aptitude for discipline. — his war record. — his duties. — improvement in the mor- ale of the force.— its management on great occasions and its parades. — general stewart's views on the character of the force. — life of clerk thompson. — inspection clerk fell and his duties. — creation and growth of the de- tective department. — technical difficulties in the way of chief kelly's appointment. — his life. — smashing the whiskey ring. — breaking up the opium traffic. — convicting counterfeiters. — commendations of the chief of the secret service. — reorganization of force and methods OF WORK Pp. 226-272. CONTENTS. xiii CHAPTER XI. The Detective Officers. detective houser and the $io note.— peter mil- LER TAKES SNELL OUT OF "a MINING CAMP AND COMES UP WITH ONE OF THE LORD BOND ROBBERS. — " SIDE PARTNERS " BOND AND DONAGHY. — HULFISH . AND THE " MOLLIES." — CRAWFORD AMONG THE " RANGERS." — ECKSTEIN'S SERVICE. — WORK OF OFFICER TATE. — THE " MURDER DETECTIVE.''— MINTZHOUSER RUNS DOWN GIUSSEPPE DAVINO. — VETERAN JOHN WEIR. — THE BANK AND VAGRANT DETECTIVES' DU- TIES. — THE TERROR OF HORSE THIEVES. Pp. 273-304, CHAPTER XII. ■ Electricity and Incendiarism. BELL tower beginnings OF THE FIRE-ALARM SYSTEM. — details of THE PERFECTED PLAN. — SUPERINTEND- ENT PHILIPS' LONG TERM.— CHIEF WALKER AND HIS DUTIES. — THE DEPARTMENT'S NEW QUARTERS IN THE CITY HALL. — MAYOR SMITH ON THE LOCK-BOX NUI- SANCE. — FUNCTIONS OF THE FIRE MARSHAL. — EFFECT OF THE CREATION OF THE OFFICE. — THE MYSTERY OF THE LEWIS FIRE. — INFANTILE FIRE-BUGS. — DR. BLACKBURN'S SERVICES. — LIGHT FIRE LOSS IN THE CENTENNIAL YEAR.— SKETCH OF CAPTAIN EMERY. PP- 305-324- CHAPTER XIII. The Division Commanders. patrolman brown and the murderers of the " slums." — " limpy" clark's quick trip to jail. — rooting out " badger thieving." — captain edgar takes 1200 prisoners. — the kensington weavers' xiv CONTENTS. EXPERIENCE WITH CAPTAIN QUIRK.— CHASE AND CAPTURE OF THE FERNWOOD ROBBERS. — LIEUTENANT ALLBRIGHT REORGANIZES THE SEVENTH DISTRICT. — HARD USAGE BY BRECKENRIDGE DEMOCRATS. — THE SAVING FUND ROBBERY.—" COFFEE POT " NATURAL^ IZATION PAPERS Pp. 325-35 1. CHAPTER XIV. The Body of the Force. formation, achievements and character of the re- serves. — lieutenant brode, his services and re- sponsibility. — sergeant malin, the liberty bell's guardian. — the men and their records. — lieu- tenant warnock and the first district. — ser- geants charlton and calhoun, chadwick and bell.— records of the men .... pp. 352-373. CHAPTER XV. The Body of the Force — {Continued). SECOND district AND PATROL SERVICE. — LIEUTENANT GILLINGHAM.— SERGEANTS PETERMAN, LYNCH, BEATTY, ZANE AND POPE. — SPECIAL OFFICERS HAGAN AND BECKLEY. — RECORDS OF THE MEN. — CAPTAIN MALA- TESTA, OF THE PATROL.— WORKING OF THE SYSTEM. PP- 374-400. CHATTER XVI. The Body of the Force— (Continued). THIRD AND FOURTH DISTRICTS.— LIEUTENANT ROCHE'S DARING.— SERGEANTS MOORE, McCLOSKEY, CROMWELL, JONES AND HARING. — SPECIAL ALEXANDER'S 610 CAPTURES.— PATROL SERGEANTS HILLARY AND MIL- LINGTON.— RECORDS OF THE PATROLMEN.— LIEUTEN- ANT SHIELDS RIDS THE WORLD OF A RUFFIAN. — SER- CONTENTS. XV GEANTS SHOURDS, HEWITT, TAYLOR AND MARLOW.— RECORDS OF PATROLMEN.— SPECIAL OFFICER YARDNER. Pp. 401-419. CHAPTER XVII. The Body of the Vq-rc^— {Continued). FIFTH AND SIXTH POLICE AND FIFTH PATROL DISTRICTS. — LIEUTENANT USILTON'S DUTIES.— SERGEANTS KING, MATTHEWS, IRWIN, FRANK M. AND GEORGE li. EVANS. — RECORDS OF THE MEN.— THE PATROL WAGON'S 10,000 MILES OF TRAVEL. — SERGEANTS CROOKS AND WOODS. — LIEUTENANT WALTON'S LONG SERVICE.— SERGEANTS EAGAN, FORD AND BALE. — SPECIAL OF- FICERS MYERS AND LENOIR. — RECORDS OF THE MEN. Pp. 420-438. CHAPTER XVIII. The Body of the ¥orc-E— {Continued). SEVENTH, EIGHTH AND NINTH DISTRICTS. — LIEUTENANT SMITH. — SERGEANTS VINCENT, PEMBERTON, BROWN AND PAINTER. — RECORDS OF THE MEN. — PECULIARITY OF THE EIGHTH DISTRICT. — PLUCKY LIEUTENANT GEORGE W. SMITH. — SERGEANTS HYNSON, LEUTWINE, FULMER AND GOODHART.— SPECIAL OFFICERS HOFFMAN AND KEATON. — RECORDS OF THE MEN. — LIEUTENANT GREEN AND HIS DISTRICT.— SERGEANTS SHILLING, MOORE, SHAFFER AND SMITH. — SPECIAL OFFICERS HUMPHRIES AND RICHARDS. — OFFICER WILHELM'S UNREQUITED SERVICE Pp. 439-466. CHAPTER XIX. The Body of the Force — {Cotttinucd). TENTH, ELEVENTH AND TWELFTH DISTRICTS, AND THE SUB-STATIONS. — LIEUTENANT BEALE RAIDS THE GREAT COCKING MAIN. — SERGEANTS McCLAIN, STECK, DOUGH- jjyj CONTENTS. ERTY AND COOPER. — RECORDS OF THE MEN. — LIEU- TENANT wood's GREAT MANUFACTURING DISTRICT.— SERGEANTS MURRAY, GILBERT, WILSON AND LINTHI- CUM.— SPECIAL OFFICER KENNEY'S MISHAPS IN THE SERVICE.— RECORDS OF THE MEN. — LIEUTENANT KIM- BLE'S IMPORTANT ARRESTS. — SERGEANT BRODE'S THIRTY-FIVE YEARS' SERVICE.— SERGEANT JEFFRIES' FOUR BULLET WOUNDS.— SERGEANTS DEPERVEN AND ASHTON —SPECIAL OFFICER EHRMAN.— RECORDS OF THE MEN.— SYSTEM AND LOCATION OF SUB-STATIONS. Pp. 467-497. CHAPTER XX. The Body of the Force — {Continued). THIRTEENTH DISTRICT, FOURTEENTH DISTRICT AND AB- DUCTION OF CHARLEY ROSS.— LIEUTENANT ALLISON'S DUTIES IN MANAYUNK.— SERGEANTS WARD, LUSH, REGER, DUNLAP, HORNBY AND LAWRENCE. — LIEUTEN- ANT BUCHANAN AND THE GERMANTOWN DISTRICT. — THE ROSS MYSTERY. — SERGEANTS CURRIER, MAXWELL, SANDERSON, NEII.SON, FRALEY, ELLIOTT, WILDE AND TOMLINSON.— PATROLMAN HOUSTON AND THE WISSA- HICKON MURDER MYSTERY. — RECORDS OF THE MEN. Pp. 498-516. CHAPTER XXI. The Body of the Force — (Continued). FIFTEENTH, SIXTEENTH AND SEVENTEENTH DISTRICTS. — LIEUTENANT DUNCAN'S FRANKFORD INTERESTS. — SER- GEANTS HANSON, ASHTON, LANARD, SHALLCROSS, MURRAY, WELLS, KEHO AND TRAMPE. — SPECIAL OF- FICER BALDWIN. — RECORDS OF THE MEN. — LIEUTEN- ANT bailey's CHARGE. — SERGEANTS ALLISON, MCDOW- ELL, ROBINSON, CORRESTON AND WILSON. — SPECIAL OFFICER STEPHENS, PATROL SERGEANTS BROWN CONTENTS. xvii AND LORD. — RECORDS OF THE MEN. — LIEUTENANT THOMPSON AND THE KANE FRATRICIDE.— SERGEANTS TOMLINSON, WILSON, McCOACH, PRIOR AND WHIT- TINGHAM Pp. 517-543. CHAPTER XXII. The Body of the Yokzy.— {Continued). EIGHTEENTH, NINETEENTH AND TWENTIETH DISTRICTS.— LIEUTENANT FERGUSON'S LONG TERM OF SERVICE.— THE CARPET MANUFACTURING INTERESTS IN THE EIGHTEENTH.— SERGEANTS SNYDER, McGARVEV, COON AND FLETCHER. — RECORDS OF THE MEN. — LIEUTEN- ANT SKILTON'S VIGILANCE IN THE NINETEENTH.— SERGEANTS HANCE, McKIBBEN, BROWN AND BOYD. — SPECIAL OFFICER MCLAUGHLIN. — RECORDS OF THE MEN. — LIEUTENANT MYERS AND HIS IMPORTANT DIS- TRICT. — PATROL STATION NO. 4. — SERGEANTS EMERY THOMPSON, ORF, CLEMENTS, BERENS, GESSENGER, SKILTON AND CLINTON. — SPECIAL OFFICERS JAMES AND EARLY. — RECORDS OF THE MEN . . Pp. 544-569. CHAPTER XXIII. The Body of the Force — {Continued). TWENTY-FIRST, TWENTY-SECOND AND TWENTY-THIRD DIS- TRICTS. — LIEUTENANT BLANKLEY'S GOOD RECORD. — THE DISTRICT OF HOMES. — SERGEANTS BROOKS, HAN- SELL, SIMPSON, DONNAGHA AND GIBSON. — PATROL SER- GEANTS ULRICK AND LATTIMER. — RECORDS OF THE MEN.— LIEUTENANT WOLF'S CAREER AND HIS EFFEC- TIVE WORK. — SERGEANTS MCCLURE HALLOWELL, EGOLF, DARLING, REED, KISTER AND LAFFERTY. — SPE- CIAL OFFICERS FULTON AND VANDERSLICE. — RECORDS OF THE MEN. — SKETCH OF LIEUTENANT LYONS. — SER- GEANTS NORBURY, WATSON, PETERSON AND FLINN. — SPECIAL OFFICER CARPENTER'S RECORD. — RECORDS OF THE MEN Pp. 570-597. xviii CONTENTS. CHAPTER XXIV. The Body of the Force — {Continued). TWENTY-FOURTH AND TWENTY-FIFTH DISTRICTS. — LIEU- TENANT CLASE AND HIS LARGE DISTRICT. — CHIEF SHED- DEN OF THE EQUIPMENT BUREAU. — MESSAGE CLERK GORDON. — SERGEANTS REED, CREALMAN. ENDERS, BUR- GIN, HARMER, CHADWICK, CUMMINGS, CRAIGHEAD AND WEISS. — SPECIAL OFFICER CRUPP. — RECORDS OF THE MEN.— LIEUTENANT PATTERSON AND THE NEW TWEN- TY-FIFTH. — PATROL STATION NO. 6.— SERGEANTS DAI^ LAS, BUCHANAN, LEWIS, MACTAGUE AND O'DONNEL. — PATROL SERGEANTS DAVIS AND CHARLTON. — THE SHOOTING OF SALOON-KEEPER TAMANY BY SAILOR SULLIVAN. — RECORDS OF THE MEN . . Pp. 598-618. CHAPTER XXV. The Body of the Force — {Concluded). THE NAVAL BRANCH OF THE SERVICE. — THE DELAWARE AND SCHUYLKILL HARBOR POLICE. — GALLANT LIEU- TENANT MOORE, COMMANDER OF THE " STOKLEY," AND HIS MEN. — RIVER PIRATES AND THEIR MAN- NER OF OPERATING.— " JUNKERS." — DOCK-THIEVES.— FIGHTS ALONG THE RIVER FRONT.— THE FIRE APPA- RATUS OF THE " STOKLEY."— THE RIVER'S DEAD AND ITS GHASTLY SECRETS.— MUTINIES ON SHIPBOARD.— HUMAN FREIGHT FOR THE HOUSE OF CORRECTION.— THE PATROL-BOATS.— RIVER-PIRATE JACK TONER.— STEALING HORSES FROM VESSELS.—" DICK " SIMMONS, " TOM " ANDERSON, " WES " SCOTT AND " BILL " HART^ RIVER THIEVES.— A PIRATE TAKES A TUMBLE.— A REFORMED PIRATE BECOMES A PREACHER.— STEALING A STAKE FOR THE GAMING TABLE.— UNDERMINING A COTTON PILE.— DISHONEST MATES OF VESSELS.— A CONTENTS. xix BITER BITTEN. — SERGEANT ALLEN'S CAREER. — " DOC- TOR " BUCHANAN OF BOGUS DIPLOMA AND BOGUS SUICIDE FAME, AND "CHIP" STEWART. — A NIGHT PLUNGE INTO THE DELAWARE. — PILOTS EDWARDS AND FENTON. — RECORDS OF THE MEN.— LIEUTENANT FRANCIS, COMMANDER OF THE " KING."— SERGEANT SMITH. — PILOTS DUEY AND HAGAN.— RECORDS OF THE MEN Pp. 619-640. CHAPTER XXVI. The City's New Charter and the Police Pension Fund. SKETCH of JOHN C. BULLITT, THE ORIGINATOR OF THE BULLITT BILL. — DIFFICULTIES IN THE WAY OF ITS FINAL PASSAGE. — EDWIN H. FITLER ELECTED FIRST MAYOR UNDER THE NEW CHARTER. — THE POL- ICE placed' under the "DIRECTOR OF PUBLIC SAFETY." — THE PROVISIONS OF THE BILL AFFECT- ING THE POLICE. — THE OFFICE OF "SUPERINTEND- ENT OF POLICE." — THE PROVISION CREATING THE POLICE PENSION FUND. — POLICEMEN CANNOT BE DISMISSED EXCEPT BY DECISION OF A COURT. — THE ORDINANCE OF COUNCILS TO CARRY THE BILL INTO EFFECT. — POLICE SURGEON FRENCH. — POL- ICE SOLICITOR MILES. — DISTRICT ATTORNEY GRA- HAM AND HIS STAFF. — FIRST ASSISTANT BREGY. — SECOND ASSISTANT KINSEY.— THIRD ASSISTANT SIN- ER. — MURDER DETECTIVE MYERS. — DETECTIVE WEYL. — THE PARK GUARDS. — THE GHASTLY FIND OF A GUARD. — THE DEALEY MURDER.— PARK GUARD DOR- SEY WHO ARRESTED THE MURDERER PROBST. — THE MYSTERIOUS DUTCHMAN Pp. 641-657. LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS. FACE. FRONTISPIECE. MAYORS OF PHILADELPHIA. WILLIAM PENN 12 WILLIAM PENN 1 5 LANDING OF WILLIAM PENN AT CHESTER 1 6 LANDING OF WILLIAM PENN AT BLUE ANCHOR INN . 20 THE SWEDES' CHURCH AND HOUSE OF SVEN SKNER . 22 TREATY TREE 23 HIGH STREET PRISON AND MARKET SHAMBLES ... 24 PENN'S COTTAGE IN L.-ETITIA COURT 29 SHIPPEN'S HOUSE 3 1 PENNY POT-HOUSE AND LANDING 32 THE DRAWERBRIDGE AND DOCK CREEK 34 ARCH STREET BRIDGE ON FRONT STREET .... 36 SLATE-ROOF HOUSE — PENN'S RESIDENCE 37 BENEZET'S HOUSE AND CHESTNUT STREET BRIDGE . 38 OLD COURT-HOUSE AND FRIENDS' MEETING .... 39 STATE HOUSE AND CONGRESS HALL 41 THE LONDON COFFEE HOUSE 44 OLD WATCHMAN AND HIS BOX 49 CARPENTER'S HALL AND PLACE OF FIRST CONGRESS 52 STONE PRISON, SOUTH-WEST CORNER OF THIRD AND HIGH STREETS 55 THE PILLORY AND WHIPPING-POST ....... 56 THE DUCKING-STOOL 60 WALNUT STREET PRISON 6 1 THE LIBERTY BELL 65 INDEPENDENCE HALL 66 HEAD-DRESS FASHIONS, 180O 7 1 WILLIAM B. SMITH, MAYOR OF PHILADELPHIA . . . I9I THE MAYOR'S OFFICE 195 xxi xxii ILLUSTRATIONS. INDEPENDENCE HALL, 1 887 208 GENERAL JAMES STEWART, JR., CHIEF OF POLICE . . . 227 JOSEPH W. THOMPSON, CLERK TO CHIEF OF POLICE . 243 WILLIAM F. FELL, INSPECTION CLERK 247 FRANCIS R. KELLY, CHIEF OF DETECTIVES 253 CHIEF KELLY IN HIS OFFICE 259 ROGUES' GALLERY 275 BANK burglars' OUTFIT 283 DAVID R. WALKER, CHIEF OF THE ELECTRICAL DEP'T : 309 JOHN W. EMERY, FIRE MARSHAL 32 1 THOMAS BROWN, CAPTAIN OF THE FIRST DIVISION . . 327 CHARLES B. EDGAR, CAPTAIN OF THE SECOND DIVISION 333 HARRY M. QUIRK, CAPTAIN OF THE THIRD DIVISION . 339 JACOB ALLBRIGHT, CAPTAIN OF THE FOURTH DIVISION 345 WALTER ERODE, JR., LIEUTENANT OF THE RESERVE CORPS •■ • • • 353 WILLIAM WARNOCK, LIEUTENANT OF THE FIRST DIS- TRICT 365 LEWIS GILLINGHAM, LIEUTENANT OF THE SECOND DIS- TRICT 375 SECOND DISTRICT STATION-HOUSE 38 1 SECOND DISTRICT STATION-HOUSE, INTERIOR PLAN . 384 JOSEPH MALATESTA, CAPTAIN OF THE POLICE PATROL SERVICE 389 CALLING FOR THE PATROL WAGON 392 THE STREET STATION 393 ALARM BOX . . . , 394 PATROL WAGON 397 DAVID B. ROCHE, LIEUTENANT OF THE THIRD DISTRICT 403 WILLIAM H. SHIELDS, LIEUTENANT OF THE FOURTH DISTRICT 411 EDWIN L. USILTON, LIEUTENANT OF THE FIFTH DIS- TRICT 421 ENOCH E. WALTON, LIEUTENANT OF THE SIXTH DIS- TRICT 429 WILLIAM L. SMITH, LIEUTENANT OF THE SEVENTH DISTRICT 441 ILLUSTKATIONS. xxiii PAGE. GEORGE W. SMITH, LIEUTENANT OF THE EIGHTH DIS- TRICT 447 JOSEPH P. GREEN, LIEUTENANT OF THE NINTH DIS- TRICT 457 CHARLES E. BEALE, LIEUTENANT OF THE TENTH DIS- TRICT 469 GEORGE WOOD, LIEUTENANT OF THE ELEVENTH DIS- . TRICT 479 NATHAN S. KIMBLE, LIEUTENANT OF THE TWELFTH DIS- TRICT 487 ALBERT C. ALLISON, LIEUTENANT OF THE THIRTEENTH DISTRICT 499 ALEXANDER BUCHANAN, LIEUTENANT OF THE FOUR- TEENTH DISTRICT 505 WILLIAM L. DUNGAN, LIEUTENANT OF THE FIFTEENTH DISTRICT 519 E. M. BAILEY, LIEUTENANT OF THE SIXTEENTH DIS- TRICT 527 GEORGE W. THOMPSON, LIEUTENANT OF THE SEVEN- TEENTH DISTRICT 537 JAMES FERGUSON, LIEUTENANT OF THE EIGHTEENTH DISTRICT 545 ALEXANDER SKILTON, LIEUTENANT OF THE NINE- TEENTH DISTRICT 555 JOHN K. MYERS, LIEUTENANT OF THE TWENTIETH DISTRICT 561 GEORGE BLANKLEY, LIEUTENANT OF THE TWENTY-FlftST DISTRICT 571 HENRY WOLF, LIEUTENANT OF THE TWENTY-SECOND DISTRICT 581 EDWARD M. LYONS, LIEUTENANT OF THE TWENTY- THIRD DISTRICT 589 SAMUEL CLASE, LIEUTENANT OF THE TWENTY-FOURTH DISTRICT 599 JOHN B. PATTERSON, LIEUTENANT OF THE TWENTY- FIFTH DISTRICT 609 xxiv ILLUSTRATIONS. PAGE. GEORGE MOORE, LIEUTENANT OF THE DELAWARE HAR- BOR SQUAD .- 621 DELAWARE HARBOR POLICE BOAT " STOKLEY "... 625 THE SCHUYLKILL HARBOR POLICE BOAT " KING " . . 633 WILLIAM H. FRANCIS, LIEUTENANT OF THE SCHUYI^ KILL HARBOR SQUAD 637 BP^ IMH fBSBBKSi ^S m MM f^^^S ^m ^p^Hg ^^^^ wM ^^^H fl ^M ^1 m H ^BhH 9^' ^ 1 M THE PHILADELPHIA POLICE, PAST AND PRESENT. HISTORY OF THE SYSTEM FROM THE FOUNDING- OF THE CITY TO THE PRESENT DAY. CHAPTER I. Early Police Regulations. (1609 — 1700.) DISCOVERY OF THE DELAWARE RIVER AND SETTLEMENT BY THE DUTCH.— CHARTER OF THE DUTCH WEST INDIA COMPANY (1621). — ARRIVAL OF THE SWEDES (1638). — SEAT OF GOVERNMENT ESTABLISHED AT TIN- ICUM (1643). — THE SETTLEMENTS OF THE SWEDES ALONG THE DELAWARE FALL INTO THE HANDS OF THE DUTCH (1655). — THE " SCHOUT FISCAL." — CON- QUEST BY THE ENGLISH (1664). — THE GRANT TO THE DUKE OF YORK. — CONSTABLES APPOINTED TO KEEP THE king's PEACE (1671). — DUTIES OF THE CON- STABLES. — THEIR FEES AND EMOLUMENTS OF OFFICE. — THE OFFICE OF SCHOUT CONVERTED INTO A SHRIEV- ALTY (1672). — THE GRANT OF PENNSYLVANIA TO WIL- LIAM PENN (168 1). — THE LAWS ESTABLISHED FOR THE PROVINCIAL GOVERNMENT. — ARRIVAL OF PENN AT PHILADELPHIA (1682).— CONDITION OF THE CITY. — APPOINTMENT OF SHERIFFS AND OTHER PEACE OFFI- CERS. — THE GOVERNOR AND PROVINCIAL COUNCIL AS A COURT.— TRIAL OF PICKERING AND HIS COM- I 2 • THE PHILADELPHIA POLICE, PANIOXS 1-OK FORGERY. — DEPARTURE OF PENN FOR ENGLAND (1684).— FIRST WATCH ESTABLISHED. (1684).— CAGE BUILT FOR CONFINEMENT OF EVIL- DOERS. — A "HIRED" PRISON USED (1685). — FIRST PUBLIC PRISON BUILT. — LAX PRISON DISCIPLINE. — ODD PRESENTMENT BY THE (;RAND JURY. — PIRATES IN PHILADELPHIA (1699). — FIRST NIGHTLY WATCH ESTABLISHED (17OO). When at the Autumn review the wide platoons of stout blue-coats swing- saluting past the heads of the department, the oldest inhabitant grows garru- lous in print and talk and we hear stories of the old watchmen or " Charleys," whom the young swells played pranks upon at night, and around whose beats the early, vigilant mayors used to prowl. This seems ancient history, and yet the "Charley" period was almost the last stage in the evolution of the Philadelphia policeman. To get back to the primordial atomic globule of the force, one must go away back, back of the Consolidation, back of the old " District " days, back of colonial times, back even of William Penn to Henry Hudson, the Englishman in the employ of the Dutch East India Company, who, while cruising in North American waters in search of a north-west passage to India, discovered and entered Delaware Bay. Finding shoals near the entrance he left it, and sailing northward discovered New York Bay and the river which bears his name. The name " Dela- ware " was given it by the English in Virginia, from the fact that in the year following, 1610, Lord De La War touched at the bay ; and the Vir- ginians, knowing nothing of Hudson's visit, sup- PAST AND PRESENT. 3 posed Lord De La War to have been the discoverer, and gave it his name. From this visit of Hudson, the Dutch claimed title to the country on both these rivers, and the West India Company w^as formed in 1621, for the purpose of extending discoveries and reaping the commercial advantages of this nevi^ly-found region, which they named the New Netherlands. The first settlement upon the shores of the Dela- ware was made in the year 1623- 1624 by the Dutch West India Company, whose powers in cer- tain particulars were co-extensive with those of the Government creating it. In their charter they were empowered : " To protect their commerce and de- pendencies; to erect forts and fortifications; to ad- minister justice and preserve order; maintain police, and exercise the government generally of their trans-marine affairs. The Director-General and his Council were in- vested with all powers judicial, legislative and executive. Under their charter the Dutch West India Com- pany took general possession of the country of New Netherlands, and in 1624 built "Fort Nassau" on the " Zuydt " or South River, as the Delaware was, by them called. This fort, built near the present site of Gloucester, New Jersey, was simply a post for trading with the Indians, and incidentally, one may infer, for the catching of shad. In the year 1638 the Swedish West India Com- pany sent out its first colony to the South (Dela- ware) River, under the patronage of Queen Chris- tina. They passed up the river to Minquas 4 THE PHILADELPHIA POLICE, Creek, — the Christiana as now called,— ^where Wil- mington, Delaware, stands. Their settlement called forth protests from the Dutch, which were, however, disregarded. In 1643 the seat of government was located on the island of Teneko, now Tinicum, by the governor, Printz, where law and justice were first regularly administered within the present limit of Pennsylvania. In the document appointing Printz governor, and the "Instructions" given him, he is ordered to de- fend the inhabitants of New Sweden against; "all violence and foreign attachment," and "to preserve, above all, that Country in safe and faithful hands." Also, he must pre- serve amily, good neighborhood, and correspondence with for- eigners, with those who depend upon his government, and the natives of the Country ; to render justice without distinction, so that there shall be injury to no one, and if any person be- haves himself grossl}', he must punish him "in a convenient manner." He was also commanded " to decide all controversies according to the laws, customs and usages of Sweden, and in all other things he will adopt and follow all the laudable manners, customs and usages of the Kingdom of Sweden," and " to bring to obedience and order, by necessary and convenient means, the mutinous and refractory persons who will not live in peace ; and he may punish great offenders, if he finds any, not only by im- prisonment and other proportionate punishment, but even with death, according to the crime, if he can seize the criminal ; but not otherwise than according to the ordinances and legal forms, and after having sufficiently considered and examined the affairs with the most noted persons, such as the most prudent assessors 0/ justice that he can find and consult in the country. In 1655 all the forts and settlements of the Swedes along the Delaware fell into the hands of the Dutch, and John Paul Jacquet was made Vice- Director and Chief Magistrate. PAST AND PRESENT. 5 In his letter of appointment he was commanded "to give orders and have them observed in all mat- ters concerning trade, policy, justice and military, and to administer law and justice to the citizens as well as soldiers." Andries Hudde was appointed " Secretary and Surveyor," and his duties were in general those of a " Schout " or " Schout Fiscal," which were large and various. The Schout, among other things, was charged with enforcing and maintaining the. placards, laws, ordinances, resolutions and mili- tary regulations of their High Mightinesses, the States General ; and protecting the rights, domains, and jurisdiction of the Company, and executing their orders, as well in as out of court, without favor or re- spect to individuals ; he was bound to superintend all prosecutions and suits, but could not undertake any action on behalf of the Company except by order of council ; nor arraign or arrest any person on a criminal charge, except on information previously received or unless he caught him m fiagrantc de- licto. In taking information he was bound to note, as well those points which were made for the prisoner, as those which supported the charge against him ; and after trial, he was to see to the proper and faith- ful execution of the sentence pronounced by the judges, who, in indictments carrying with them loss of life and property, were not to be less than five in number. He was, moreover, specially obliged to at- tend to the Commissaries arriving from the Com- pany's out-posts, and to vessels arriving from or leav- ing for Holland, to inspect their papers and superin- tend the loading and discharging of their cargoes, so 5 THE PHILADELPHIA POLICE, that smuggling might be prevented ; and all goods introduced, except in accordance with the Company's regulations, were at once to be confiscated. He was to transmit to the Directors, in Holland, copies of all informations taken by him, as well as all sentences pronounced by the Court, and no person was to be kept long in prison, at the expense of the Company, without special cause, but all were to be prosecuted as expeditiously as possible. The Vice-Director was specially charged " to strictly observe and have observed the published or- dinances against the sale of strong drink to the. In- dians ; the robbing of gardens and plantations ; run- ning about in the country, and drinking on or pro- faning the Sabbath day." Jacob Alrichs succeeded Jacquet as Vice-Director, or Commissary General, who was in turn succeeded by Alexander D'Hinnoyossa. Under his adminis- tration G. Van Sweringen was Secretary and Schout, John Crato, Councilor, and " in extraordinary cases they associate to themselves Mr. Williams, the Sur- geon, and Hans Block, Constable." This last wor- thy may be called the first Philadelphia policeman, since he is the first person named in local history by a quasi-modern police title. D'Hinnoyossa's administration was of short dura- tion, extending from December 28, 1663, to October I, 1664, when it was brought to an abrupt termination by the conquest of the Colony by the English under Sir Robert Carre, which proved to be a final quietus to Dutch authority on the Delaware, except for a short period in 1672. In the year 1664, King Charles II. granted to his PAST AND PRESENT. y brother, the Duke of York, the territory in and about the New Netherlands, for the consideration, named in the charter, of the payment in each year of forty beaver skins within ninety days after de- mand. To the Duke, his deputies, agents, commis- sioners and assigns, were given full and absolute power and authority ; " to correct, punish, pardon, govern and rule the inhabitants of the territory granted, according to such laws, orders, ordinances, directions and instruments as by our said Dearest Brother or his Assigns shall be established and in defect thereof, in cases of ne- cessity, according to the good discretions of his Deputies, Com- missioners, Officers or Assigns, respectively, as well in all causes and matters capital and criminal, as civil, both marine and others ; so always as the said Statutes, Ordinances and Proceedings be not contrary to, but as near as conveniently may be agreeable to the Laws, Statutes and Government of this our Realm of Eng- land " The Duke, on the 2d of April, 1664, issued a com- mission to Colonel Richard Nicolls to be Deputy- Governor over the territory in America. With him were associated, by the King's appointment, Sir Rob- ert Carre, Knt., George Cartwright and Samuel Maverick, Esquires, as Commissioners, to visit, in turn, all His Majesty's American Colonies, and there to hear and determine all complaints and ap- peals, in military, criminal and civil affairs, and so to proceed in all matters that the peace and security of the country might be settled according to the in- structions given them. New Amsterdam capitulated to Colonel Rich- ard Nicolls on the 8th of September, and thereupon became New York, and Fort Amsterdam was hence- forth called Fort James. The surrender of New / THE PHILADELPHIA POLICE, Amsterdam was followed by the almost immediate reduction of the colonies on the Delaware, and Sir Robert Carre assumed command of affairs, with the seat of government at New Amstel, or New Castle, as it is now called. As soon as the whole country was brought under subjection to the English, Colonel Nicolls assumed control of the government as Deputy, and governed the province for nearly three years "with justice and good sense," as it is written of him. In the mean time. Sir Robert Carre remained in charge of the government on the Delaware. Among the ordinances promulgated on June 14, 1671, was the following: "That constables be ap- pointed to keep the King's peace, who shall have staves with the King's arms upon them as practised in the rest of His Royal Highness's dominions." In 1672 the office of Schout was converted into a Shrievalty. The duties of this officer then were about the same as those of the present day, and, among other things, he was, " by himself or deputies, to execute all the magistrate's judgments, and not discharge any one, except by advice of the Court ; he shall also take good care that the places under his charge shall be cleansed of all mobs, gamblers, houses of ill-fame and such like impurities." His remuneration was one-half of all civil fines accruing during his term of office, and one-third of what belonged to the sev- eral villages from the criminal cases. On September 25, 1676, the Duke of York's laws were formally promulgated. Under them the constables were charged with the maintenance of the PAST AND PRESENT. g peace, and good order in their several towns, and their duties were similar to those of our present police, together with many others which do not fall to the lot of our modern officers. For example, it was laid down that "the constable shall whip or punish any one to be punished by Order of Authority when there is not any other officer appointed to do it, in their own Towns, unless they can get anotJier person to do it." It was also provided that any and every person tendered to any constable of the Government, by any other constable or other officer belonging to any jurisc; ction within the Government, or as war- rant from any justice, should be presently received, and conveyed forthwith from constable to constable till he be brought to the place to which he was sent, or before some Justice of the Peace, who should dis- pose of him as the justice of the cause should re- quire. The law goes on to state that : "All Hue and Cryes shall be duly received and diligently pur- sued to full effect, and where no Justice of the Peace is near, every constable shall have full power to make, Sign and put forth pur- suits, or Hue and Cryes, after Murtherers, Man Slayers, Theves, Robbers, Burglurers, and other Capitall Offenders, as also to Apprehend, without warrant, such as are overtaken with Drink, Swearing, Sabbath breaking, Vagrant persons, or night walkers, provided they be taken in the manner, either by the Sight of the Constable, or by present information from others, As also to make search for all Such Persons, either on the Sabbath Day or other, when there shall be Occasion, in all Houses Licensed to sell either Beer or Wine, or any other Suspected or Disordered places, and those to Apprehend and Keep in Safe Custody, till opportunity Serves to bring them before the Next Justice of the Peace for further Examination, Provided that when any Constable is Em- ployed bv any Justice for apprehending of any person he shall not do it without a warrant in writing." 10 THE PHILADELPHIA POLICE, If any persons refused to assist any constable in the execution of his office, they were liable to pay a fine of ten shillings, to the use of the town, to which the constable belonged ; and if it appeared by good testimony that any should wilfully or contemptu- ously refuse, or neglect, to assist any constable he should pay forty shillings. That no one might plead ignorance for such neglect or refusal, every constable was required to have a staff of about six feet long, with the arms of the King on it as a badge of his office — a mixture of emblem and implement which survives to-day in the title of tip-staff, borne by certain officers of the Common Pleas. The con- stable and two overseers were permitted to take bail for any person arrested within .their precincts, if not committed by special warrant. The constables, similarly to the magistrate's con- stables of to-day, were chosen in all towns upon the first day of April, yearly, by a plurality of the votes of the freeholders, but in an emergency, such as when their number was deemed insufficient to properly care for the public peace, the court could appoint, as is seen from the records of the Upland Court, where the following order was made on October 13, 1680 : " Whereas the Court finds itt necessary for the due preserving of ye peace of Or. Souerayne Lord ye King, & ye hinderance of all attempts against ye same, that one other Constable more bee made and authorized to officiate between the Schuyl Kill and Nieshambenies Kill (Neshaminy). It was therefore this day or- dered & resolved, and Mr. Erik Cock was nominated & sworne as Constable for one yeare or till another bee put in his place." It will be seen from this that when the Quakers PAST AND PRESENT, II came they found by no means a virgin soil on which to plant the doctrines of Fox. Notwithstanding the many and onerous duties of a constable in the olden time, the perquisites of his office were not great. For collecting the assess- ments, amercements and fines, and paying them in to the high constable, he received one shilling in the pound ; for attachments, or apprizements of goods, he had two pence per pound, and for assist- ing upon common action — the plaintiff to pay his fee — he was allowed is. 6d. But the law provided that : " No fees are to be paid for executing of speciall warrants or apprehending Criminal or Capitall of- fenders, but are to be done Ex offiso." In case the emoluments of the office were not sufficiently tempt- ing to make a newly elected constable desirous of performing his duties, he was incontinently fined for his dereliction, the law providing : " That whosoever (being duly elected) shall refuse to serve in the office of a Constable, hee shall forfeite for his refusall the summe of five pounds towards defraying of Towne Charges." At Westminster, on January 5, 1681, the charter now in the capitol at Harrisburg was issued, consti- tuting William Penn absolute proprietor of all that tract of land contained within the present limits of Pennsylvania, and investing him with the power of government therein : making him substantially independent of the royal authority. The grant covered : " the tract bounded on the east by the Delaware River, from twelve miles distance northward of New Castle town unto the three-and-fortieth degree of north latitude, if the said river doth J 2 THE PHILADELPHIA POLICE, extend so far northward : :t not, then by the said river as far as it does extend" (which shows how little was then known of the topography of our country), " and from the head of the river, the eastern bounds are to be determined by a meridian line drawn from the head of the river, unto the said forty-third degree." It was to extend Avestward five degrees in longi- tude from the eastern bounds. It gave him all WILLIAM I>ENN. (From Walson's " Annals of Philadelphia.") property in the lands and waters, the woods and mines, and all fish ; authority to make laws for the raising of money, with the consent of the greater part of the freemen or their delegates ; power to appoint officers, pardon crimes, constitute courts, and nomi- nate judges to maintain the laws of England and the Province ; authority to lay out towns, cities and counties ; to make fairs and markets, sea-ports and PAST AND PRESENT. 13 harbors ; to impose custom duties ; to punish sav- ages, pirates and robbers ; to raise militia ?nd make war against enemies by sea or robbers by land ; to put his prisoners to death or to save them, accord- ing to the laws of war ; to dispose of lands, erect manors, with power to hold courts-baron and hold view of frankpledge. The king agreed not to levy taxes, without consent of the proprietary, or chief governor, or of act of Parliament in England ; and that whenever twenty inhabitants should signify their desire, the bishop of London might send them a preacher or preachers. For all this, Penn was to send two beaver skins annually to the castle at Windsor in token of fealty. "I took charge," said Penn, "of the Province for the Lord's sake ; to raise a people who shall be a praise in the earth for conduct, as well as for civil and religious liberty ; to afford an asylum to the good and oppressed of every nation ; to frame a govern- ment which may be an example ; and to show men as free and happy as they can be, I have also kind views towards the Indians." On the loth of April, 1681, Penn issued a com- mission to William Markham, his cousin, as deputy governor, to whom he gave instructions on his arrival to call a council of nine, he to preside ; to send his letter to the inhabitants and take their acknowl- edgment of his authority ; to settle boundaries ; to survey, sell or rent lands ; to erect courts and ap- point ofificers ; to call to his aid any of the inhabi- tants ; to suppress tumults, make ordinances, or any- thing else needed, except making laws. Markham THE PHILADELPHIA POLICE, arrived at New York on the 21st day of June, and, shortly after his arrival, came to Philadelphia. In the mean while, laws were prepared in England, which were afterward presented to the General As- sembly of Pennsylvania at its first meeting and sub- stantially adopted. Elections were to be free. A bribe forfeited the vote and the right of office of the one who offered it. Contributions could only be raised by public tax according to laws made. Courts were to be open, and free to every one to plead his own cause. Process was to be regulated by complaint in court fourteen days before trial, with summons ten days before. Pleadings to be short and in English ; trials by juries of twelve men ; indictments by the finding of a grand jury of twenty- four. Moderate legal fees were provided for. There were established a prison and workhouse in each county ; bail for offences less than capital, and double damages for wrong imprisonment. Lands and goods were liable to pay debts, except when there was legal issue, and then all the goods and one-third of the land only. Wills in writing, with two witnesses, were valid. Briberies and extortions were to be punished ; marriages encouraged, parents or guardians being first consulted, Defacers or cor- rupters of charters, deeds or other securities were to be punished. Births, marriages, burials, wills and letters of administration were to be registered. The lands and goods of felons were subject to make double satisfaction to the party wronged, and in case of the want of lands and goods the felons were to be bondmen, to work in prison or workhouse, or otherwise, until the wronged party was satisfied. PAST AND PRESENT. 15 Estates of traitors and murderers were to go one- third to next of kin of the sufferer, and the remain- der to next of kin of the criminal. Witnesses were to be protected, and allowed to testify upon their solemn promise to speak the truth. In case of perjury, the false witness was to suffer the same (From Watson's " Annals of Philadelphia.") penalty or punishment that would have been under- gone by the person against whom the false testimony was given. Besides the ordinary crimes, the fol- lowing were to be punished : " Lying, drinking of healths, prizes, stage-plays, cards, dice. May games, masks, revels, bull-baitings, cock-fightings and the like, which excite the people to rudeness, cruelty, looseness and irreligion." i6 THE PHILADELPHIA POLICE, These laws were hung up in the Provincial Coun- cil chamber, the General Assembly and Courts of Justice, and read once a year. Penn appointed, on April i8, 1682, Thomas Holme as surveyor-general, which was a very impor- tant office, and John Claypole as assistant. They LANDING OF WILLIAM PENN AT CHESTER. (From Watson's " Annals of Philadelphia.") sailed for the new province on the 23d of the same month. Penn arrived at New Castle October 27, 1682. Two days later he proceeded up the river, stopping at Upland, when its name was changed to Chester ; and in a few days he sailed up to the new city, and landed from a boat at the mouth of Dock Creek, where George Guest had built a house, which was long afterward known as the Blue Anchor Tavern. The name of " Philadelphia," importing in its origi- PAST AND PRESENT. i- nal Greek brotherly love, was bestowed by Penn soon after his landing. In the records of the Society of Friends is found the following brief and common- place record of the dawn of colonial history : " At a monthly meeting the 8th of 9th month, 1682. At this time Governor William Penn and a multitude of Friends arrived here and erected a city, called Philadelphia, about half a mile from Shakamaxon, where meetings, etc., were established." Penn once referred to his city in the following terms : " And thou, Philadelphia, — the virgin settlement, named before thou wert born, what love, what care, what service, and what travail has there been to bring thee forth, and preserve thee from such as would abuse and defile thee ; I long to be with you." When Penn arrived, not over twenty houses and a few wigwams were to be found within the entire limits of what is now Philadelphia County, and there were probably not more than 3500 white people in the province and territory on the eastern bank of the Delaware, from Trenton to Salem. Of the one or two hundred persons at Philadelphia, but few had the means of erecting houses, so that the majority spent the winter in caves dug under the high bluff on the river front, between Valley (now Vine) and Pool (Walnut) streets. The young city thrived won- derfully, and in the course of a year from Penn's landing it was estimated it contained over eighty dwelling houses and over 500 inhabitants. In 1700 there were 700 houses and 4500 inhabitants. Among Penn's first acts after his arrival was the appointment of sheriffs, and officers subordinate to them in each county, and to issue writs for the elec- l8 THE PHILADELPHIA POLICE, tion of members of the Provincial Council. The Council met in Philadelphia March lo, 1683. The Assembly consisted of nine delegates from each of the six counties, who met two days later. John Tost was the first sheriff of Philadelphia County. The Proprietary and Provincial Council exercised supreme authority for the correction of errors over the Civil Courts, and compelled them to keep within their jurisdiction. Thus, the Court of Common Pleas of Philadelphia was fined forty pounds for having tried and given judgment in a land case aris- ing upon a title for ground in Bucks County. The. Council also took a hand occasionally in exer- cising judicial functions. Charles Pickering, a lawyer, and two other men, were accused of counterfeiting Spanish pieces, for which they were brought before the Governor and Council, and after a long trial were found guilty. From the sentences imposed, however, the crime could not have been rated as a very grave offence. The sentence of Pickering, pronounced by the Governor, was as follows : " The Court hath sentenced thee for this high misdemeanor whereof thou hast been found guilty by the Country, that thou make full satisfaction in good and current pay to Every Person that shall within ye space of one month bring in any of this false, Base, and Counterfeit Coyne, (which will to-morrow by Proclamation be called in), according to their respective proportions, and that the money brought in shall be melted into gross before returned to thee ; and that thou shalt pay a fine of forty pounds into this Court, toward ye Building of a Courthouse in this Towne and stand committed till payd, and afterwards find security for thy good abearance." Samuel Buckley, who was found guilty of com- plicity with Pickering, fared even more easily. His PAST AND PRESENT. ig sentence was, " The Court considering thee to have been more ingenious (candid) than he that went before thee, hath thought fitt to fine thee, and doe fine thee, tenn pounds, towards a public Courthouse here, and to finde security for thy good abearance." To the third and last culprit the Court, in language which showed that it fully appreciated its own mag- nanimity, said : " The Court having also considered thy Ingenuity, {i.e., ingenuousness) in confessing the truth of matters, and that thou art a servant, hath only sentenced thee to sitt an hour in the stocks to- morrow morning." Small aid or comfort would the Secret Service men of to-day find in such sentences as these. The Council was very jealous of its dignity, and took prompt and decided measures in any matter that seemed to show want of proper respect for it. Anthony Weston, an unlucky wight, seems to have offered a paper to the Council, which was deemed disrespectful. The minutes of the Council state that " the proposal of Anto. Weston with ye rest of ye Persons' names thereunto subscribed, was read : and the Governor proposes which way to punish him, and they thought the best way was to have him Whypt." Weston was heard in his own behalf to purge him- self of the contempt, but " the Governor and Provin- cial Council thought that, for the great presumption and Contempt of this Government and authority, that Anto. Weston be Whypt at ye market place on market days three times, each time to have tenn lashes, at 12 of the clock at noone, this being ye first day." 20 THIi PIIILAnELI'HIA POLICE, After spending^ nearly ten years in establishing the government and laying out the city, Penn felt desir- ous of returning to England. His visit was intended to be of short duration, but the course of events did not run smoothly for him in England, and his return to this country was delayed for seventeen years. The first notice of the necessity of establishing a watch occurs in the year 1684, when by order of LANDING OK WH.LIAM PENN AT BLUE ANCHOR INN. (From Watson's " Annals of Philadelphia.") the Council it was recommended "to ye Justices of this towne, to take care of the same." There may be no connection between the two, but it is a coinci- dence that about the same time a letter was re- ceived from Penn directed to the magistrates of Phil- adelphia, stating that "there is a cry come over unto these parts against the number of drinking houses and looseness that is committed in the caves. I am prest in my spirit," says the good Proprietary, PAST AND PRESENT. 21 " being very apt to believe too many disorders in that respect, stricktly to require that speedy and ef- fectual care be taken, to reduce ye number of ordi- naries, or drinking houses, and yt without respect to persons, such are continued that are most tender of God's glory and ye reputation of ye Government, and that all others presuming to sell be punished according to law." It may be presumed that this appeal brought good results, as it is related that, after nine at night, the officers go the Rounds, and no person, without very good cause, was suffered to be at any "publick house that is not a lodger." The Council at this time tried the experiment of uniting the duties of prosecuting attorney with those of sheriff ; and Samuel Hersent, the sheriff of Phila- delphia, was empowered to prosecute all offenders against the penal laws of the province. It did not take long, however, to discover that the plan was not practicable, and it was afterwards considered that this mingling of the duties of sheriff and prosecut- ing attorney, " in the same court in which he was sheriff," was not in accord with the fitness of things ; and the authority was withdrawn. As early as 1683 a place, for the confinement of evil-doers was found necessary, and William Clayton was ordered "to build a Cage against next Councill day 7 foot high, 7 foot long and 5 foot broad." This small building was soon found to be insufficient, and Lacy Cock undertook to build a log house for jail purposes, on the west side of Second Street, north of High Street, which is the Market Street of to-day, for which he was to have £(^0. When it was finished, however, it was not thought suitable, and a 22 THE PHILADELPHIA POLICE, house belono'incr to Patrick Robinson was hired instead. In 1685 the sheriff declared in Court that this building was sufficient, and that", with fetters and chains, and the attendance of himself and his dep- uties, he would not blame the County for any es- capes, for want of a sufficient jail. On the strength of this statement it was resolved that the rent to Patrick Robinson should then bejTfin. THE SWEDES' CHIRCH AND HOL'SE OF SVEN SEN'ER. \Froni Watson's "Annals o/ Philadelphia. "j The location of this house, used for a prison, is not exactly known, but it is supposed to have been either on the west side of Front Street, or on the east side of Second, below Walnut, or on the west side of Second Street, below Chestnut. In 1685 the need of a public prison was brought before the Quarter Sessions, and estimates were made of the cost of building a house twenty feet long, and fourteen broad, two stories high, of " brick, PAST AND PRESENT. 23 sand and stone," and the whole not to cost more than ^140. This structure was not erected at that time, as in the next year the grand jury presented the want of a pubHc prison, the hired prison being then in use. It was between the years 1686 and 1700 that the first pubhc prison was built, in the middle of Market Street, east of Second. The wide area of Market Street, from the prison to Front TKEATV TREE. (From Watson's "Annals of Philadelphia.") Street, was then a grassy common, on which the town butcher kept his sheep at pasture, previously to their being slaughtered, and exposed for sale on a movable stand, which was placed there on market days. An incident is related, to show the simplicity of the obliging jailers in those early days. William Bradford, the printer, and John Macomb were impli- cated in the quarrels of George Keith with the 24 THE PHILADELPHIA POLICE, Friends, in 1692, and were sent to prison for refus- ing to give security. The jailer, Patrick Robinson, after some time granted them " the favor to go home," and as they were still prisoners, when they wished to petition for their trial at the next sessions, they went to the prison to write and sign it there ; but it hap- pened that the jailer was gone abroad and had the key with him. So, as they could not get in, they HIGH STREET PRISON AND MARKET SHAMBLES. (From Watson's " Annals of Philadelphia.") signed that paper in the entry or porch. In the latter years of the seventeenth century, the good people of Philadelphia seem to have amassed quite a list of local grievances, and a petition was prepared to the Governor and Provincial Council, who were then sitting, which bore the signatures of the most prominent and influential citizens. Among other things it contained : "Wee also Considering that theyr is now many ordinaries and tipling houses in this town of Philidelfia kept by several as are PAST AND PRESENT. 25 not well qualified for such undertakings, tending to debauchery and Corrupting of youth, wee request you that only sober, honest, conscientious persons bee suffered to keep such houses, and that all occasions tending to corrupt youth or others may be taken away, according to the article of our charter from our Proprietor. Also wee request that sum place may bee provided (as stocks or cage) to put drunkards, or other violators of the good lawes of Eng- land and of this province, in, being taken up by the watch and Constables, to avoid being Carried to prisorw.for such Misde- meanors of such moment, that unnecessary fees may be avoided." At this time there had been estabHshed a watch, but its duties were confined to the daytime only, as it was not until several years afterwards that any provision was made for a nightly watch. They also asked, " That theyr may bee a check to horse rac- ing, which begets swearing, blaspheming God's holy name, drawing youth to vanity, making such noises and public shouting and uncivil riding in the streets." Not long before the deplorable state of affairs complained of in this petition, a grand jury in one of its presentments called the attention of the Court to " ye Great rudeness and wildness of ye youth and Children in ye town of Philadelfia. That they dayly appeare up and down ye streets, gaming and playing for money," etc. The same year a grand jury dep- recated the custom common at that time, of firing guns in salute of ships arriving in the river. On one occasion a vessel arrived on Sunday, and the nuisance of firing seems to have particularly affected the Swedes, the majority of the names signed to the presentment of the grand jury being Swedish. The records of this time are full of references to pirates and their nefarious trade, and Pennsylvania was reported to have become "ye greatest Refuge 26 THE PHILADELPHIA POLICE, and shelter for Pirates and Rogues in America," As showing the lax nature of prison discipline of those times the following is apropos. In 1699 Isaac Norris, writing from Philadelphia to Jonathan Dickinson, said : " We have four men in prison, taken up as Pirates, supposed to be Kidd's men. Shelley of York has brought to these parts scores of them, and there is a sharp looking out to take them. We have various reports of their riches and money hid between this and the capes." The same year two of these men were reported to be wandering at large about the streets of Philadelphia. The Governor of the jail was sent for by the Council, and questioned about the matter. The Governor was aggrieved when he learned the nature of the complaint against him, and indignantly responded : " They never go out with- out my leave and a keeper!" he said, "which I think may be allowed in hot weather." In 1700, the prison which these 'pirates' had most likely occupied when not out for exercise " with leave," appears to have been considered a nuisance, and on the loth of July we find the fol- lowing minute in relation to it : The inconvenience of the gaoles standing where it now does, and the removal thereof to the place purchased for ye same in Third street, being moved to the Gov'r and Council. After some debate yrupon, the Gov'r and Council appointed Edward Shippen and William Clark to go to ye inhabitants adjacent to ye prison, and to see what they and others will advance beforehand (to be deducted outt of the next County tax to be laid for building a Court-house) towards removing ye said gaol and brick wall. From which it appears that our ancestors were in- clined to be forehanded in their, management of PAST AND PRESENT. 27 public affairs ; if a public nuisance was to be removed, it was well to see what those who were immediately affected by «t, were willing to do to- wards its abatement. As we have seen, the city, up to the year 1700, was unguarded in the night time. On July i of that year the first order was made by the Council estab- lishing a nightly watch, as shown in the following minute of the record : It was unanimouslie agreed and assented tc by ye Gov'r and Council that be appointed, and is hereby authorized and empowered to go round ye town with a small bell in ye night time, to give notice of ye time of the night and the weather, and if anie disorders or danger happen by fire or otherwise in the night time to acquaint the constables thereof. How such a watchman, with his clanging little bell to disturb our slumbers and impart the informa- tion of the time of night and state of the weather, would be received in our time, may easily be im- agined. His bell, no doubt, also served as a timely warning to any marauders on evil designs intent. But from such a primitive beginning has developed our perfect system of "ward and watch in the night time," of the city of the present day. 28 THE PHILADELPHIA POLICE, CHAPTER II. Watchmen in the Olden Time. (1700— 1797.) REPORTS OF THE LOW STATE OF MORALS IN PHILADELPHIA CALL FORTH A LETTER FROM PENN. — THE COUN- CIL'S REPLY OF CONFESSION AND AVOIDANCE. — PENN'S SECOND VISIT.— A GRAND JURV'S PRESENTMENT ON THE MORALS OF THE TIMES (1702). — GOVERNOR EVANS' MILITIA.— AFFRAY OK WILLIAM PENN, JUNIOR, AND GOVERNOR £VANS WITH THE WATCH. — A NIGHT PATROL OF CITIZENS TO ACT AS WATCHMEN ESTAB- LISHED (1705). — NEW REGULATIONS FOR THE CITY WATCH. — CITIZENS FINED FOR REFUSING TO ACT AS CONSTABLES AND WATCHMEN. — INSTRUCTIONS TO A CONSTABLE DEFINING HIS DUTIES AS CAPTAIN OF THE WATCH (1722).— A NEW ORDER OF THINGS SUG- GESTED BY THE GRAND JURY (1742). — THE ACT OF 1 75 1, FOR LIGHTING THE STREETS AND REGULATING THE NIGHTLY WATCH. — THE FIRST REGULARLY SALA- RIED POLICE FORCE OF PHILADELPHIA. — REGULATIONS PRESCRIBED- FOR THE CONSTABLES AND WATCHMEN. — PENALTIES FOR SMASHING THE CITY'S NEW LAMPS. —WATCH-BOXES IN THE OLDEN TLME.— THE WATCH- MEN'S CRY.— THEIR EARLY TRIALS. — ' OLD " CARLISLE AND "JIM" WEST. — SINGULAR DUTIES OF THE EARLY MAYORS. — WATCH-HOUSES. — SUPERINTENDENT OF THE WATCH APPOINTED (1797). During several years prior to the return of Penn from England, and again assuming control of his PAST AND PRESENT. 29 long neglected Province, the people thereof seem to have relapsed into ways of worldliness, and been the cause of much uneasiness to their worthy Proprietary. A general apathy seems to have fallen upon the government in charge, and a carelessness in the preservation of the records of its business. The enemies of the administration were not, however, so apathetic as those in charge of the governmental PENN'S COTTAGE IN L^TITIA COURT. (From Watson's " Annals of Philadelphia.") affairs, and prompted by jealousy and revenge for supposed private wrongs, harassed the absent Pro- prietary with defamatory accounts of the condition of the government, and the low state of society in the Province, especially in the City of Philadelphia. These reports served to strengthen the suspicions of Penn, already aroused by previous events, that pernicious practices and crime had obtained a solid foothold in Philadelphia during his sojourn in Eng- 30 THE PHILADELPHIA POLICE, land. He, therefore, on September 5, 1697, indited a letter to Governor Markhamj with explicit in- structions that the same should be opened and read by him in a full meeting of the Council, which, in the following February, was done. The Council were informed in plain terms that reports and accu- sations, tending to ruin and disgrace, had reached England, and among other things, that they had not only countenanced but actually encouraged piracy. In regard to Philadelphia, it had been reported that there was " no place more overcome with wicked- ness, sins so scandalous, openly committed, in de- fiance of law and virtue," and, in short, actions of so bad a nature that modesty forbade their recital. The Proprietary commanded the Governor and Council (in order to counteract these reports, and at the same time to correct the alleged abuses, if actu- ally existing) forthwith to issue some act of state, to repress forbidden trade and piracy, and to prevent the growth of vice and looseness. This was to re- main in force until some severer law could be de- vised. In regard to licenses for public houses in Philadelphia, it was commanded, that no person not known to be " of a sober conversation," and not ap- proved of by the Justice of the County Court, should be granted license. To this letter, after much and serious deliberation, the Governor and Council formulated and sent a reply. They met the charges seriatim, and in many points their defence was of the nature of confession and avoidance. '■ As to Imbracing of pirates," they said. PAST AND PRESENT. 3> "We know of none that has been entertained here unless Chin- ton and Lassell, with some others of Avery's Crew, that happened for a small time to sojourn in this place, as they did in some of the neighboring Governments ; but as soon as the magistrates of Philadelphia (they explain) had received but a copie of the Lord Justice's proclamation, got all that were here apprehended, & would have taken the care and charge of securing them, until a Legal Court had been erected for their trial, or an opportunity presented to send them to England." SHIPPEN'S HOUSE. (From Watson's " Annals of Philadelphia.") But before that could be effected, the inconsiderate pirates "broke gaole " and made their escape to New York, where " Hues & crys wer sent after them," and where it may be presumed they remained, as it does not appear that they were apprehended and brought back. As to the growth of vice, "we cannot but owne," they said, " As this place hath growne more popular and the people more increased. Looseness and vice Hath also Creept in, which we 32 THE PHILADELPHIA POLICE, PAST AND PRESENT. 33 lament, altho' endeavors have been used to suppress it by the care and industry of the magistrates from time to time, offenders Having received deserved & exemplary punishments, according to law." In their opinion there were also too many "ordi- naries " (drinking places) in the government, " espe- ciallie in Philadelphia," which was one great cause of the growth of vice, " & makes the same more dififi- cult to be supprest & keept under." Penn's second visit to this country was made in 1699, when he remained two years, returning in the month of November, 1701. During this second visit he occupied the house of Edward Shippen, in Second Street, near Spruce. Afterwards he removed to the "slate roof house," situated at the corner of Second Street and Norris Alley (now Gothic Street). Some rather curious incidents are narrated of the state of the weather on the several occasions upon which Penn visited the young city. When he first came here — on a Sunday — there was an earth- quake shock ; when he went away there was a ter- rific thunder-storm, and on the day of his second visit there was a fearful hurricane. In the year 1701, William Pfenn ordained "that the landing places now and heretofore used at the Penny Pot-House and Blue Anchor, shall be left open and common for the use of the city," etc. The landing appears to have derived its name from the inn built there, which was early famed for its beer at a penny a pot. From a presentment made by the grand jury in the 3 34 TilE rillLADELrHIA POLICE, ::ii;iii|iji|!i||l;i;iiii||ji|j:Sli'fff^^ will ' T "i III IM|i III PAST AND PRESENT. 35 latter part of 1702, we learn something- further of the morals of the town at that time. " Gentlemen's sons and servants," they said, were too fond of taking the " licencius liberty" of robbing orchards and com- mitting unruly actions, " especially on the first day of the week, commonly called the Lord's Day ; " and also that the community was plagued by " the great abuse and ill consequence " of negroes collecting in crowds on the street, with riot and disorder. " Mul- titudes of dogges needlessly kept in this citty " caused great annoyance to the inhabitants, " by the great loss of their sleepe and other dammages." The safety of property was imperilled by the erection of stacks of hay and reeds in private yards close to dwellings and outbuildings, and butchers killed their meat daily in the street. John Sims was prosecuted by the grand jury for keeping a disorderly house, " a nursery to debotch ye inhabitants and youth in this city, and suffering masqueraded persons in the house to dance and revall." John Evans, who was then Governor, in order to encourage enlistments in the militia, had promised, on his own responsibility, that those who enlisted should be exempted from watch duty. The min- utes of the Council record of September 3, 1 704, show that several complaints had been publicly made "of great disorders lately committed within ye Citty in ye night season, to ye great disturbance of ye sober inhabitants, and ye encouragement of vice, by evil examples." Anthony Morris, Mayor, on behalf of the Corporation, complained of the ex- emption, or discouraging people from taking their turns in watching the City; to which the Governor g THE PHILADELPHIA POLICE, and Council answered, that " the safety of the people by the maintenance of a militia was greater than safety by a watch and ward." The City at this time had received its first Charter from William Penn. —in 1701,— which vested the City government in a Mayor, Recorder, and Common council, with full power to make whatever laws and ordinances thought to be necessary, and to alter and revoke ARCH STREET BRIDGE ON FRONT ST. (From Watson's " Annals of Philadelphia.") the same as occasion might require. They were empowered to admit new members ; to expel any for misconduct ; to supply all vacancies in cases of death or resignations ; to punish offenders against the peace and good order of the city ; to hold courts, appoint markets, fairs, etc., etc. Under this regula- tion, we are informed, that the police was supported with dignity, justice equally administered, and. PAST AND PRKSFA'T. 37 "which is indispensably necessary in populous cit- ies, subordination and decorum preserved." William Penn, Junior, son of the Proprietary, about this time came in conflict with the Constab- ulary and watch. It appears that he and Governor Evans, .Sheriff F'inney, Thomas Gray and Joseph Ralph, roysterers all, were concerned in a night broil and affray at Enoch .Story's tavern, in Coombs SLATE-ROOF HOUSE-l>EXN'S RESIDENCE. (From Watson's " Annals of Philadelphia.") Alley. The Constable, James Wood, and nignt- watchman James Dough entered the place ; there was a quarrel about Governor Evans' militia, and the argument ended in blows. Young Penn called for a pistol. Wood and Dough and Story were beaten, when some outsiders came in, among them Alder- man Wilcox, who beat Penn, afterwards claiming as an excuse that he did not know who he was. The 38 THE PHILADELPHIA POLICE, party was carried before the Mayor, when Penn was defiant, and was sharply lectured. The Council took the matter up, making it appear as if "some gentleman " had been greatly abused by the watch, backed by the Mayor, Recorder and Alderman Wil- cox. Penn and his companions were indicted, but were never brought to trial, as the Governor forbade BENEZET'S HOUSE AND CHESTNUT STREET BRIDGE. (From Watson's " Annals of Philadelphia.") the trial by proclamation. After this incident, young Penn renounced the Quaker faith and prin- ciples, which caused indignation among his personal friends. They were, however, not the only persons who were indignant at his behavior generally. " I wish things had been better," wrote Isaac Norris, " or that he had never come." The young man soon after took his departure from the City of Broth- erly Love. PAST AND PRESENT. 39 In 1705, by ordinance of the Common Council, the people of Philadelphia were divided into ten patrols, and each Constable was required "to bring in a number, to have an equal number assigned to serve upon the watch, and that nine persons besides the constable attend the watch each nig-ht." Thus the patrol was a squad of ten, each division of citizens contributing a patrolman each night. Alderman Wilcox and Recorder Story were ordered to draw up an ordinance for the regulation of the city watch. OLD COURT-HOUSE AND FRIENDS' MEETING. (From Watson's " Annals of Philadelphia.") ^_ This was done, and the new ordinance adopted and published. Governor Evans construed this act as a defiance of his militia proclamation, and summoned the Mayor and Municipal ofift'cers before him. They disclaimed any intention of contempt, however, and were dicharged. The Council assigned certain citizens to act as constables for a stated period, and no distinction was made in the selection ; rich and poor, eminent and obscure, all were liable to be designated. They 40 THE PHILADELPHIA POLICE, were fined if they refused to act. They, in turn, nominated or assigned who should act as watchmen. The names of such men as Joseph Shippen, Abram Carpenter, George Claypole and Henry Preston appear, in 1 706, as having been fined five pounds for neglect to serve as Constables and Gyles Green and William Morris were prosecuted for not serving their turn of duty as watchmen, when nominated thereto. We have a record of the duties of the constables who were the principal officers of the watch, from a document of instructions to Thomas Todd, Consta- ble of Mulberry Ward, issiled in 1722 by Mayor Fishbourne. As to his duties in the daytime, he is directed particularly to suppress disorder on the first day of the week in the public streets, and to arrest any persons tippling in public-houses, and the maintenance of peace at other times. The in- structions go on to say : " What I have said chiefly concerns thy conduct in the day, but what follows is relative to the Night Watches. " I. Take care to warn and watch duly, and that thou attend accordingly at the time and place already appointed " 11. If any person duly warned does not come or send one in time, or when come does not attend his duty therein, return the names of every such to some magistrate next day. " III. If thou meet any disorderly persons in the streets, en- deavor to suppress them, and commit them to Gaol until next morning; but if, with the assistance of the watch, thou canst not, then learn their names, make return thereof accordingly next day to some magistrate. " IV. If thou knows or hears of any suspected lew'd houses as entertaining debauched persons or servants, etc., search there ac- cordingly and apprehend all suspected persons thou findst therein, tAST AND PRESENT. 41 and commit them to Gaol in order to be brought before some magistrate next morning. " V. If any publick houselceepers keep unseasonable hours or rude disorderly company in their houses, thou art to require them to disperse the company and return the name of such publick housekeeper to some magistrate the next day." This mode of policing the city seems to have met with every requirement of those early times for a STATE HOUSE AND CONGRESS HALL. (From Watson's " Annals of Philadelphia.") number of years, and no material change was made. But in 1 742 the inconvenience of the system was ad- mitted, and the grand jury represented the need of i stated watch and watch-house. Very little was lone, however, for in 1749 the grand jury insisted strongly upon the fact that " five or six " men em- jloyed as nightly watchmen, and who go their •ounds in company, are poor protection for so jreat a city, containing from two to three thousand 42 THE PHILADELPHIA POLICE, houses and fifteen thousand inhabitants. The watch was thereupon increased. This is the best evidence of the orderly character of the young community, that the city had remained so long with so few guar- dians, and these private citizens, who did duty for the common good. It was only when the popula- tion was swelled by the thousands who flocked to these shores, that we hear of thefts and robber- ies, of midnight brawls and debauchery, requiring a repressive force. It was not until the year 1751 that anything like a comprehensive law was passed for systematically policing and lighting the city in the night time. In that year the General Assembly passed an act " for the better regulating the nightly watch within the City of Philadelphia and for enlightening of the streets, lanes and alleys of said City, and for raising of money on the inhabitants of said City for defraying the necessary expenses thereof." The act recited that " whereas the well-ordering and regulating the Watch and the en- lightening the streets, lanes, and alleys, in the night lime, within the City of Philadelphia is of great importance for the Preservation of the Persons and Properties of the Inhabitants, and very neces- sary to prevent Fires, Murders, Burglaries, Robberies and other outrages and Disorders," and that by the laws then in force, no effectual pro- vision was made for the " ordering or well-governing " of the nightly watch, etc., or for levying and col- lecting the money necessary for defraying the charges thereof, etc. The law then went on to provide for the creation of a board of " Wardens," who were empowered to have a PAST AND PRESENT. 43 " sufficient and convenient number of lamps in such parts and places of the City as to them should seem meet and expedient, and to contract with any person or persons for the lighting, trimming, snuffing, supplying, maintaining and repairing them ; and shall likewise order, appoint, hire and employ what number of Watchmen they shall judge necessary and proper," from time to time, and direct what wages sliould be given them. This then was the first regularly sal- aried Police Force of Philadelphia. The Wardens were given the power to remove any watchman for any dereliction of duty, and exercise a general su- pervising control over them. The Mayor, Recorder and four aldermen of the city were directed " to set down in writing at what stands it is fit for the said watchmen to be placed ; how often they shall go their rounds ; to appoint the rounds of each Watch- man ; to order what number of constables of the city should watch each night;" make orders and regulations for the government of the Constables and Watchmen, which should be written or printed, and a copy delivered to each. One or more constables, as should be judged nec- essary, were to attend at the Court-House, or at such other convenient place as might be designated, and " keep watch and ward from the tenth day of March to the tenth of September, from the hours of ten in the evening until four the next morning ; and from the tenth day of September to the tenth day of March, from nine in the evening until six in the morning," " and the Constables shall in their several turns and Courses of Watching, use their best endeavors to prevent Fires, Murders, Burglaries, Robberies and other outrages and Disorders within the said City," 44 THE PHILADELPHIA POLICE, and to that end they were empowered and required to arrest and apprehend " all night-walkers, male- factors, and suspected persons," who were found wandering and misbehaving themselves, and carry them " as soon as conveniently they may " before a justice of the peace to be examined and dealt with according to law. The constables were required " once, or oftener at convenient times in every THE LONDON COFFEE HOUSE. (From Watson's "Annals of Philadelphia.") night," to go about the .several wards of the city and take notice whether the Watchmen performed their duties in their several stations, according to the orders and regulations, and report any delinquent. The. constable for every night's watching was paid three shillings. If he failed in any of his prescribed duties, such as wilfully neglecting to attend any night in his turn to keep watch and ward, or " de- PAST AND PRESENT. 45 part from and leave keeping watch and ward," or neglect to go about the several wards, and the like, he was to forfeit twenty shillings. In the absence of the constable, the watchmen were given the power of arresting, during the time of their keeping watch, all " night-walkers. Malefactors, Rogues, Vagabonds, and disorderly persons, whom they found disturbing the peace or had just cause to suspect of any evil design, and carry them before a Justice of the Peace." In case of any fire breaking out, "or other great necessity," they were to immediately alarm each other and the inhabitants in their respective rounds, which, when done, they were to repair to their respective stands, the better to discover any other fire that might happen, " as well as to prevent any Burglaries, Robberies, outrages and Disorders, and to apprehend any suspected persons who in such times of confusion may be feloniously carry- ing off the goods and effects of others." The legislators evidently foresaw that the new lamps by which the streets were to be "enlight- ened " would be marks for the revellers of that day, or night rather, and took steps to discourage and punish attacks upon the lights. In the act they recited that ; " Whereas several evil disposed Persons have broken and may wil- fully and maliciously break and destroy the lamps hung out in the streets, lanes and alleys of the said City; now to prevent the like malicious practices for the future, Be it enacted, that if any person, or persons shall and do from and after ten Days after the Publica- tion of this act, wilfully or maliciously break, throw down, or extin- guish any lamp that is or shall be hung out or set up to light the said streets, etc., they shall, on being convicted thereof, forfeit the -5 THE PHILADELPHIA POLICE, sum of Forty shillings for each lamp so broken, thrown down or ex- tinguished." This act was by its provisions to continue in force but five years, and in 1 756 was re-enacted to continue for seven years longer, and again in 1 763 the General Assembly declared that the act "hath upon expe- rience proved conducive to the Ease and Security of the Persons and Estates of the Inhabitants of the said City," and again continued it. The penalty affixed to the sport of lamp-breaking of forty shillings, far from being a prohibitory tariff, seems rather to have fostered that tendency in the young men of the day, and additional legislation was found necessary on the subject. The General Assembly, in 1765, made lamp-breaking an indictable offence, triable by the Quarter Sessions, and fixed the penalty at /^2$ for each lamp broken, thrown down or extinguished. During the occupation of Philadelphia by the British, at the time of the Revolution, the city's Civil Govern- ment was suspended. The last election for Mayor under the proprietary charter was on the third day of October, 1775. There had been no meeting of Councils who elected this officer for six months pre- viously, and there was no meeting afterwards until the 17th of February, 1776, which was the last apr pearing on the minutes of that body. The city charter was considered superseded by the events of the Revolution. The people claimed to have suc- ceeded to every right which the proprietaries had under the Royal charter, and which the Assembly and every local government had. The old gov- ernnient, after the 4th of July, 1776, was overthrown. The convention of the State of Pennsylvania, in PAST AND PRESENT. 47 1776, appointed a large number of justices of the peace for the city and county, among whom were Benjamin Franklin, John Dickinson, and George Bryan. They were required, before assuming their duties, to take an oath of allegiance to the State of Pennsylvania and renunciation of the authority of George III. Under the Constitution of 1776 justices were elected, two for each ward, and they were commissioned March 28, 1777, for the city, and for the city and county June 6 of the same year. After that justices were appointed and elected for the city up to the time of the second city charter. No Aldermen were appointed within that period. Dur- ing the interval the municipal government was sus- pended, and the affairs of the city were carried on by Councils of Safety, Wardens, and Street Cohimis- sioners, officers having authority under old acts of Assembly. The Wardens had control of lighting the streets, and the Commissioners of paving and keeping the highways in repair. There were no watchmen during the Revolution, except the military guards. With the advent of a regular watch, the watch-box was an early necessity. They were small wooden constructions, square or hexagonal, and at a late period of their use were perfectly round. They were four to five feet in width or diameter, and sur- mounted by lamps not much unlike the police patrol signal-boxes recently introduced. Within them was a space for a narrow bench, fixed to one of the sides of the building. Sometimes there was space for a small stove, the pipe of which rose near the top of the box and opened out upon the street. .g THE PHILADELPHIA POLICE, Around the inside walls were hooks updn which to hang coats, capes, torches, etc., and underneath the bench was a place in which to store cans of oil, with wicks, lamp-dishes, and other appliances. Alto- gether we have a pretty good picture of a watch- house in the den of a suburban railway flagman. In the later days of their use, round holes were placed in the doors of the watch-boxes, behind which were fixed revolving discs of iron or tin, upon which were cut in Roman numerals figures running from IX. to XII., then commencing at I. down to VI., the latest morning hour. The watchman set this dial on each return from travelling his beat, and the way- farer by consulting it could learn the hour of night. It was not essentially necessary in the earlier period of the watch that such precaution should be taken. It was the duty of the watchman, as he went his rounds, to announce the hour in a loud voice. The watchman's cry was peculiar and musical, and was usually listened for by those awake with some interest, because he not only told the time of night, but the condition of the weather. They started from their stations hourly, carrying a lantern, a rattle and club, and perambulated their allotted district, calling out the hour thus: " Ten-o-clock-and-all's-well," or " Oh-past-tw-elve-o-clock-and a starlight morning," or " Oh-past-three-o-clock-and a stormy morning." At any alarm, if assistance was needed, they would spring their rattles, and it was exciting to hear the various rattles answer and repeat as they gathered together at the place of the first alarm, or pursued fleeing malefactors. It is related as fact that on the night that the news of the British sur- PAST AND PRESENT. 49 render at Yorktown, in 1781, was brought to the city, the intelligence having come in at a late hour, a Ger- man watchman who went his rounds startled the wakeful population by crying the hour and adding, " Unt Cornwalish ist daken ! " In the earlier days, the watchman carried a staff and flambeau, which was made of tin or iron, with a square fountain for oil at OLD WATCHMAN AND HIS BOX. the end, which he held in his hand. A short wick ran through the tube, which burned with a great flare, and was rarely blown out, even in the most windy weather. A badge buckled around his hat was a certificate of his official authority, and a rattle conveniently carried in the side-pocket of his coat, or great-coat in winter, was ready for use in case of alarm or the attempted escape of an offender. In 1806 the city watchmen were provided with trum- 4 THE PHILADELPHIA POLICE, pets. The watch-boxes were an institution until 1848, when an ordinance was passed which declared that thereafter no watch-boxes should be provided or permitted in the public streets. The watchmen Avere also marks for the "fun" of the lamp-breaking young bloods of those days " out for a lark." To assault the watch seems to have been one of their pastimes. It is related that on a cold, stormy night, while a watchman was toasting himself over his little stove in his box, which was located at Front and Market streets, a party of young men turned the key on him, which he had left sticking in the door, put ropes around his box, and with the unlucky watchman inside, rolled it up and down the steep hill at that point. Another watch- man, also a German, before going his rounds on a cold winter night, anticipating how genial would be the glow of the fire of the little stove in his box on his return, heaped on the coals, turned the lock of the box door, and carefully placed the key in his pocket. During his absence, which must have been prolonged beyond his expectations, the fire in his stove burned briskly and the pipe, becoming over- heated, set the box in flames. Being attracted by the light, he was hurrying back, when some one in- formed him that it was his box that was on fire. " Mein Gott," he exclaimed, " dat ist not bossiple ! for it ist lockdt undt I hef der key in mine pockedt ! " Altogether the watchmen and constables had pretty hard times of it. They were few in number and their authority, except in rare instances, was scoffed and jeered at. However, there were exceptions. PAST AND PRESENT. 51 There were old Carlisle and "Jim" West. They were a terror to evil doers and brawlers ; but most especially to the two boyish factions — the " up-town " and " down-town." The contending parties used to have regular battles at night with sticks, stones and other weapons, but the appearance of either West or Carlisle upon the scene would scatter the belligerents in all directions. Here is another story of a differ- ent complexion — or rather, the watchman indicated was of a different cast of character. He was a lit- tle old German, and his box was located near the tavern known as the " Three Jolly Irishmen," at the corner of Race and Water streets. It was a notori- ous resort, and was the scene of daily riot and night- brawling. Some of the respectable residents of the locality got tired of the continual din, and frequently urged upon the decrepit old watchman the necessity of his taking some action in the matter by arresting them. The old German was evidently astounded and alarmed at such a proposition, for he loudly exclaimed : " Mine Gott, vot you tinks I do mit dem fellers ! Mine friends, der best vay vas to led dem alone." Andrew Bradford, the printer, offered a reward of jCi5, in 1724, for the apprehension of John Jones, " a tall, slender lad of eighteen years," who stole five or six sheets of the ^s. and 20^^. bills, which said Bradford was printing. He was arrested, but es- caped from the constable who captured him, by slipping out of his coat and leaving it behind. And, it is gravely stated, "he wore a light bob wig." In October, 1769, a man who had informed against some "run wines" from an Egg Harbor 52 THE PHILADELPHIA POLICE, shallop, was seized by some sailors and tarred and feathered from head to foot, then hurried through the streets, before the Collector's and every other Custom House officer's door. The crowd then sat him in the pillory and afterwards ducked him. Af- ter these pleasantries they let him "go in peace, to sin no more." Some funny (to the minds of those of the preseht generation) ordinances were CARPENTER'S HALL AND PLACE OF FIRST CONGRESS. (From Watson's " Annals of Philadelphia.") passed in the early days of the city's existence. In 1 704, for instance, it was ordered by the Aldermen and Council that the Mayor, " once in a month, go round to the respective breadmakers in this city and weigh their bread and seize all such as shall be defi- cient in weight, and dispose of the same as the law directs." And the Mayor had to personally perform this duty. The watch-house became an early necessity for PAST AND PRESENT. 53 the reception of the watchman's prisoners, when he was so fortunate as to capture any. The location of the eariiest one is not known, but in i 704 it was or- dered by the Common Council that a watch-house should be built in the market-place, sixteen feet long by fourteen feet wide. It is not known how long its use was continued. In 1710 the Mayor, Re- corder, Aldermen, and others, petitioned the Gen- eral Assembly for a grant of more liberal powers to check the growth of vice and immorality, prevent the decay of public credit, " and also to enable them to build a watch-house and cage, erect a work-house to imploy the poor and vagrant." For a long time the headquarters of the watch were fixed at the State House. In the times of the Revolution there was a watch-house in the State House yard, and under the second city charter of 1789 the old Court- House at Market and Second streets became the city watch-house, and was occupied as such for a number of years. In 1797 a superintendent of the nightly watch was appointed, whose duty it was to take care of the oil, wick and utensils belonging to the city, and to see that the watchmen performed their duties, and to aid them in " preventing murders, burglaries, rob- beries and other outrages." This officer corre- sponded, in a primitive way, with our prsent Chief of Police, exercising similar functions in a lim- ited manner. In the course of time, the principal watch-house came to be established in the basement of the City Hall, at Fifth and Chestnut streets, where are now located the headquarters of the Reserve Corps of whom all Philadelphians feel so justly proud. ,^ THE PHILADELPHIA POLICE, CHAPTER III. Progress of the City towards a Police System. (1797—1850.) THE STONE PRISON AT THIRD AND HIGH STREETS. — THE ^ WHIPPING-POST, PILLORY AND STOCKS. — PUNISHMENTS INFLICTED ON CRIMINALS.— THE TOWN BELL. — PRIMI- TIVE MANNER IN WHICH CASES WERE DECIDED. — PRO- VINCIAL COURT ERECTED. — BARBAROUS PUNISHMENT INFLICTED ON A WOMAN.— THE DUCKING-STOOL. — THE OLD WALNUT-STREET PRISON.— INSURRECTIONS WITH- IN THF, PRISON. — ARCH STREET PRISON. — INDEPEN- DENCE HALL ERECTED. — THE LIBERTY BELL. — HOW THE OLD BELL WAS CRACKED. — ITS JOURNEY TO THE NEW ORLEANS EXHIBITION. — THE POOR LAWS. — THE FRIENDS' ALMSHOUSES. — THE SPRUCE-STREET "BETTERING HOUSE." — THE HIGH CONSTABLES AND THEIR DUTIES (1811).— THE CAPTAIN OF THE WATCH. — PAY OF WATCHMEN. — WATCHMEN STATIONED AT CENTRE SQUARE ENGINE HOUSE (1814). — NIGHTLY WATCHES AND LAMPS ESTABLISHED IN NORTHERN LIBERTIES AND SOUTHWARK. — THE CITY'S GUAR- DIANS IN 1 83 1. — MARKED PROGRESS IN THE POLICE SYSTEM (1833). — THE CITY DIVIDED INTO DIVISIONS AND SECTIONS FOR POLICE PURPOSES. — WATCH-HOUSES PROVIDED. — LIEUTENANTS OF POLICE APPOINTED. — NEGRO RIOTS (1842). — THE WEAVERS' RIOTS IN KEN- SINGTON (1843).—" NATIVE AMERICAN " RIOTS OF 1844. — THE KILLING OF GEORGE SHIFFLER. — HIBERNIA HOSE HOUSE BURNED. — THE MILITARY CALLED OUT. — DESTRUCTION OF ST. AUGUSTINE CHURCH. — THE PO- PAST AND PRESENT. jj LICE FORCE STRENGTHENED. — THE CITY AND DIS- TRICTS APPROACHING CONSOLIDATION. — POLICE AND POLICE SUPERINTENDENTS CREATED FOR THE CITY AND DISTRICTS. — THE LAW OF 1 845. In the year 1718 an act was passed providing for tlie erection of a new prison at tlie south-west cor- ner of Third and High (Market) streets, the old prison on High Street having been condemned. The building was completed in 1723, when the old prison was torn down. The whipping-post, pillory STONE PRISON, SOUTH-WEST COR. OF THIRD AND HIGH STREETS. (From Watson's " Annals of Philadelphia.") and stocks, all important elements in the correction of offenders, were on High Street, in front of the market, east of Third Street. The new prison, which was built of stone, two stories high, was commonly known as the Stone Prison. That part of it fronting on Third Street was for criminals, and was called the workhouse. All offenders were put to work. The building front- ing on High Street was called the debtors' jail. There the unfortunates who could not satisfy their 56 THE PHILADELPHIA POLICE, creditors lingered until they could find persons "to sell themselves unto for a term of years to pay the same {i. e., their debts) and redeem their bodies" This custom of selling men for debt only applied to single men ; married men stayed in jail. Fraud sent men to the pillory and workhouse. The last remembered exhibition of this kind was THE PILLORY AND WHIPPING-POST. that of a storekeeper, who, to build up his failing credit, made too free use with other people's names. He was exposed in the pillory, where the populace pelted him with eggs, and, to conclude, had his ears clipped by the sheriff, who held up his ghastly tro- phies to the gaze and shouts of the populace. Whipping was the usual punishment for larceny and for felonious assaults. In 1743 a black man. PAST AND PRESENT. 57 brought up to the whipping-post to receive punish- ment, took out his knife and cut his throat in the presence of the crowd before the officers could interfere. The whipping-post and pillory display was always on a market day, and then the price of eggs advanced. The criminals were first marched round the streets. Murder, house-breaking, horse- stealing and counterfeiting were punished by hang- ing. On High Street there stood a mast, supporting the great town bell until 1707, when on its site was erected the Court-House, or " Great Towne House," as it was called. At the ringing of the bell the peo- ple assembled to listen to the royal and provincial proclamations, city ordinances, and the like, which were read aloud by the town crier, who was a very important personage in those days. Justice was administered during the earlier years of the existence of Philadelphia by the Governor and Council. The first " Court " was held on Jan- uary II, 1682, and the second on February 7, of the same year, when Benjamin Chambers was appointed sheriff, John Cock constable for the lower part of the county of Philadelphia, and Nathaniel Harden for the upper. At this court an indictment was found against one John Skeetch, charging that he had two wives in Bristol, England, and that he had now taken a Mrs. Smith to wife. His petition, praying to be " stocked," rather than to be beaten with twenty lashes, was placed on file. A capital illustration of the primitive and patriarchal manner in which cases were decided is to be found in the record of the court held on January 20, 1683. Na- eg THE PHILADELPHIA POLICE, thaniel Allen complained to the Governor and Council that he had sold a servant to Henry Bow- man for six cwt. of beef, with the hide and tallow, and ;^6 sterling ; also that he had hired his boat to the said Bowman and another for one month, which they detained eighteen weeks. Allen there- fore prayed redress for these grievances, whereupon it was ordered that William Clarke, John Simcoe and James Harrison should "speak" to Henry Bowman concerning the matter. On the 1 6th of January, 1684, the Council deter- mined that there should be a Provincial Court of five judges to try all criminal cases and titles to land, and to be a court of equity to decide all differences upon appeals from the County Courts. In accord- ance with this order, the following judges were ap- pointed by the Governor on June 4 following: Nicholas Moore, William Welsh, William Wood, Robert Turner, and John Eckley, the first-named being Chief Justice. Their appointment was but for two years. Up to 1759 it had been the occasional practice for justices of the peace to hear and decide cases at public inns ; but as it had a demoralizing effect, in bringing so many people to drinking-places, the Governor forbade its longer continuance. Even the courts themselves, before they had a court-house, had been held in taverns, as it is on record that in 1702 the court at Philadelphia sat in Hall's public- house. The records of criminal cases of these times are very interesting. In 1705 Thomas Docherty, barber, was indicted for pursuing his avocation on First PAST AND PRESENT. 59 Day. During the year 171 7 women, were publicly whipped for having illegitimate children ; while poor runaway apprentices and others who were flogged were charged 6^^. for the performance of the operation ! Four years later, a butcher named Nicholas Gaulan, a foreigner, was fined 14^-. i^d, for that he "by colour of his art as a butcher did, with his breath and wind, blow up the meat of his calf, whereby the meat was made unwholsome to the human body." The most • horrible occurrence of these times was the execution, in 1731, of Catherine Bevan, who was condemned to be burned alive. A feeling of pity on the part of the executioner made him promise to strangle her when he put the rope around her neck so as to hang her over the fire ; but the flames severed the rope before she was insensi- ble, " so that she fell alive into the blaze, and was seen to struggle therein." The Quarter Sessions, held in December, 1733, was remarkable for the large number of criminals arraigned for trial. Thir- teen men and women were convicted of grand lar- ceny, and were sentenced to be whipped. The whip- ping-post was a dread instrument of punishment in those days, and was looked upon with no small terror. The pillory was another good old-fashioned in- strument of correction, as was, also, the ducking- stool. The pillory and whipping-post stood in the market-place, while the ducking-stool was operated at the river. They were aged institutions, compar- atively speaking. As far back as 171 7, the Grand Jury presented the great need of a ducking-stool, saying that : 6o THE PHILADELPHIA POLICE, " Whereas, it has been frequently and often presented by former juries the necessity of a ducking-stool and house of correction for the just punishment of scolding and drunken women, as well as divers others unruly persons, who may become a public nuisance, they therefore earnestly pray the Court it may be no longer delayed." Although the whipping-post may have been kept pretty busy, the salary paid the public whipper was THE DL"KING-STOOL. not a very large one, as on May 28, 1753, it is re- corded that Daniel Petit, or Pettitoe, prayed £\o for his services in this direction. His prayer was granted. The old prison at Third and Market streets served its purpose as a jail and workhouse until 1775, when part of the new building, known as the Walnut PAST AND PRESENT. 6i Street Prison, was in readiness for the reception of prisoners, and they were removed there. The old prison was demolished in 1 784. The condition of the poor debtors, detained in prison for debt about this time, was most wretched. They were practically dependent upon charity, as there was no law compelling their creditors to sup- port them, and the province only allowed prisoners WALNUT STREET PRISON. (From Watson's " Annals of Philadelphia.") two pence — -four cents — a day per capita. Without means of their own they literally perished from cold and want. In 1 770 a prisoner died of starvation, and in March, 1772, three more perished in the same way. A committee appointed by the General Assembly to visit the prison, reported finding in, confinement thirty-two men and twelve women, some criminals and some debtors. Many of the men were naked, 62 THE PHILADELPHIA POLICE, and without shirts ; they had no bedding, no cover- ing but a single blanket, given through charity, for two persons. Laws were passed to alleviate their condition. The Walnut Street Prison was projected before the Revolution, and was finished in 1773, but was not immediately used for county purposes. The Americans used it for confining their prisoners of war, and the British, while they held Philadelphia, did the same with their captives. It stood on the south side of Walnut Street, opposite the State House Yard, occupying half the block, and extend- ing to the corner of Sixth Street, and running back to Prune Street. It was built of stone, two stories high, with a basement, and surmounted by a bell- tower. The doorway was reached by a high flight of stone steps, which were flanked on either side by a one-story structure, where were the offices or res- idences of the jailers' families. The front on Wal- nut Street was occupied as the prison-house and prison-yard of criminals and convicts, and the south- ern, or Prune Street portion, was used for the safe- keeping of persons imprisoned for debt, or other delinquencies. The Walnut Street Prison was sold in the spring of 1835, in which year the prisoners were removed to Moyamensing, and in the following year it was taken down. Many thrilling stories are connected with this old prison. There were confined within its walls many men of note and character. Robert Morris, the financier, William B. Wood and others were pris- oners for debt. On September 22, 1795, there was an outbreak, and a body of convicts made their PAST AND PRESENT. 63 escape through the Sixth Street entrance. Five prisoners effected an escape in 181 7 by forcing the lock of the door of the vestibule leading into the Sixth Street gate, and by burrowing under the gate into the street. On July 29, 18 19, Jock Smith, one Mcllhenny, and other prisoners, attempted to saw through the bars, but failing in that they made a rush into the hall and attempted to batter down the iron doors leading into Walnut Street. They were foiled in this attempt, however, principally through the efforts of another prisoner, a negro, named Powell. The convicts, afterwards, on Jan. 20, 1820, attacked Powell and killed him. The prisoners were generally in a mutinous state, and, following the mur- derers, ranged furiously through the yard and cor- ridors. An attempt was made to make a breach at the Sixth Street gate, by battering it down. So fierce was the attack that the citizen-soldiers were called out, who fired on the mutineers from the prison wall. John Runner, a prisoner, was killed by this discharge. Through the efforts of Colonel John Swift the prisoners were then subdued. Thir- teen or fourteen of them were subsequently put on trial for the murder of Powell, but through lack of evidence were not convicted. NDmerous bursts for freedom w-ere made between 1820 and 1829, and in one instance six convicts got over the wall and fled. Jock Smith and nine others escaped from a room on the Walnut Street front by sawing off the window bars and letting themselves down, leaving the marks of their boots on the front of the building. There they were visible until it was torn down. Of all the insurrections and escapes which made this 6^ THE PHILADELPHIA POLICE, prison notorious, false keys do not appear to have aided a single convict in regaining his liberty. The Arch Street Prison, as it was called from its location in that thoroughfare, was built in 1807, be- tween Broad and Schuylkill Eighth (now Fifteenth) streets. It was used for untried prisoners and debt- ors. Upon the completion of Moyamensing prison its use was discontinued. For many years after the government under Penn had been established, the Assembly of Pennsyl- vania met at various places. It was not until 1729 that any active measures were taken towards secur- ing a permanent place for State purposes. The cit- izens of Philadelphia then petitioned the Assembly to empower the city and county to build a State- House in High Street near the prison. The Assem- bly passed a bill providing for the erection of such a structure, and appointed a Building Commission, which exercised powers similar to those of the com- mission bearing the same name of the present day, and having in charge the erection of the new public buildings. The building was not commenced until 1 732, owing to variance of opinions among the committee, when the structure now known as Inde- pendence Hall was begun. It was completed in 1 741. As originally planned and constructed, it had neither tower nor steeple, and no arrangements were made for a staircase. The wings were built in In 1750 the Assembly ordered an addition, on the south side of the house, to contain the staircase, and a suitable place for hanging a bell, and the present tower and staircase, finished in 1753, were built. A PAST AND PRESENT. g^ Steeple was also erected at this time, in which was hung the Liberty Bell with its prophetic motto : " Proclaim liberty throughout the land, and to all the people thereof." The bell was ordered in Octo- ber, 1 75 1, in London, and reached Philadelphia in August, 1752. In September it was found "that it was cracked by a stroke of the clapper without any THE LIBERTY BELL. Other violence, as it was hung up to try the sound," and it was re-cast here by Pass & Snow, in March, and hung in April, 1753, but not proving satisfac- tory in tone, it was re-cast and hung in June follow- ing. In 1 781 the wood-work of the steeple was consid- ered dangerous, and the Liberty Bell and its frame were taken down and re-hung in the brick tower. It s 66 THK PHILADELl'HIA POLICE, had been reported unsafe in its old position as early as 1773, when the Assembly ordered that it be re- moved ; but the exciting events of the Revolution coming on the further consideration of the matter was deferred. So then in the steeple hung the old bell, when it rang forth the summons to the people to assemble and hear the first public reading of the Declaration of Independence, on the 8th of July, 1776. INDEPENDENCE HALL, 1776. The Liberty Bell, after the first steeple was taken down, was rung only on particular occasions. It gave forth its joyous notes on the reception of the news of the passage of the act by the British Parlia- ment, emancipating the Catholics, in 1828. It was rung on the 22d of February, 1832, in honor of the centennial anniversary of the birth of Washington. It was cracked upon the morning of July 8, 1835, while being tolled in memory of Chief-Justice Mar- shall, who had died in Philadelphia on the 6th of PAST AND PRESENT. 67 that month, and whose body was being removed to the steam-boat wharf to be transported to its last resting-place in Richmond, Virginia. Although it was cracked, the bell was used on subsequent occa- sions, which increased the fracture. It became hope- lessly useless after having been tried upon the cele- bration of Washington's birthday, February 22, 1843. It was soon afterwards removed from its framework in the tower, and placed upon a pedestal in Indepen- dence Hall. A handsome pedestal with emblematic carvings and decorations was prepared, upon which the bell was placed, and so remained until 1873, when the national museum was fitted up in the west room, on the first story of Independence Hall, to which place it was removed. Not long afterwards it was placed in its present position, suspended by a chain under the tower, over the main hall-way. The bell has been removed from the city on two occasions: In 1777, at the time the British were ex- pected to occupy the city, it, with other bells, was taken away to Lancaster to preserve it from the en- emy. The Only other and last time was in 1885, when it made its triumphal journey and visit to the New Orleans Exhibition, accompanied by a guard of honor, consisting of Mayor Smith and a committee of councils. The immediate guard of the bell were Sergeant Malin and officers Thomas Newman and John Patton of the Reserve Corps, who were charged with its care and safe keeping. Three of- ficers of the New Orleans police force were detailed to act with the Philadelphia officers upon its arrival, and two guards were on duty with the bell every moment of its absence from its home. The bell, with 58 THE PHILADELPHIA POLICE, its guard, was provided with a special car, built for the purpose. It was not removed from this car, which was run on tracks into the Exposition build- ing. On its return to Philadelphia in May, 1885, the Mayor of New Orleans and a committee of councils of that city, together with a detail of the " Continental Guards," acted as an escort of honor. The day of its return was a gala day in Philadelphia. The police force, militia and civic organizations turned out to escort the bell and the city's guests to Independence Hall, while hundreds of thousands of citizens lined the streets to welcome the sacred relic. It was returned to its accustomed place above the corridor in old Independence Hall with great pomp and ceremony. The poor you have with you always, it is said, and although the early settlers of Philadelphia were an unusually thrifty class of people it was not long before there were some who were really in need of assistance, whether through misfortune or their own idle habits the fact still remained for consideration ; they were there, and had to be cared for. In the year 1705 the Assembly passed a law direct- ing that the justices of the peace should annually appoint two overseers of the poor for each town- ship, and provided for a levy of one penny in the pound for the relief of the poor. This system was one of personal relief, the names of the beneficiaries being entered in the poor-book. The roll of those requiring relief seems to have increased rapidly, as in 1 712 the Common Council resolved "the poor of this City, Dayly Increasing, it is ye opinion of this Council that a Workhouse be immediately Hired PAST AND PRESENT. 69 to Imploy poor P'sons & Sufficient P'sons ap- pointed to keep them at Work." The Friends' almshouses on Walnut Street, west of Third, were the first erected in this city. They built some small houses for the relief of poor members of the Society of Friends, but the institu- tion was not available as a place of refuge for the general public. Those accepting charitable relief wore literally the badge of poverty, as in 171 7 it was directed that those receiving relief from the overseers of the poor should wear upon the right shoulder of the upper garment a large letter P, together with the initial of the County, City or place where he belonged. A Philadelphia pauper wore the badge letters P.P. If he should neglect or refuse to wear the letters the relief was withdrawn, and he was further liable to whipping and being kept at hard labor for twenty-one days. In 1 73 1 the square bounded by Spruce, Pine, Third and Fourth streets, was purchased and an almshouse erected. The building was of brick, the main front being on Third Street, from which there was an entrance by a stile. The Philadelphia Hos- pital also started here. Then was established an infirmary, or hospital, with accommodations for the sick and insane, which has always been conducted in connection with the almshouse. The poor increased so rapidly, that in 1765 the overseers represented to the Assembly that they were much restricted in accommodations for the pau- pers, the number requiring care at that time being two hundred and twenty, one hundred and fifty being out-pensioners. Their support had cost for yo THE PHILADELPHIA POLICE, the year three thousand two hundred dollars. In February, 1766, the Assembly passed an act creat- ing a corporation known as the " Contributors to the Relief and Employment of the Poor within the City of Philadelphia." Every person who contrib- uted ten pounds toward the purposes of the alms- house became a member of the corporation. The managers purchased the lot of ground bounded by Spruce, Pine, Tenth and Eleventh streets, and the alms, or bettering-house, as it was called, was built. The buildings were opened in October, 1767. Two hundred and eighty-four persons were ad- mitted to the almshouse when it was opened. The old house at Third and Spruce streets was aban- doned. Before the end of the year the number of inmates increased to three hundred and sixty-eight. This almshouse in turn gave way to " Blockley," when it was built in 1835, and the buildings were torn down. Yet as long as Longfellow's verse lives this old place — and a beautiful place it was, quite unlike our modern notions of an almshouse — ^will live too. This was the spot he chose for the ten- der conclusion of his poem " Evangeline." Matters jogged along comfortably with the watch- men under the superintendent of the nightly watch without material change until 1833. In 181 1 there were fourteen constables, one for each ward, and one high constable. The duties of the latter were to walk through the streets daily and examine all vagrant and disorderly persons, and upon refusal to give him account of their residence and employ- ment, or not giving a satisfactory account, to carry such persons before the Mayor or an alderman to I'ASl' AND PKESKN'J'. 7J HEAD-DRESS FASHIONS, iSoo. {From VVation's "Annals of Philadelphia.") -2 THE PHILADELPHIA POLICE, be dealt with according to law. He was also re- quired to give notice of all nuisances or obstructions in the streets to the City Commissioners, or Mayor; and of offences committed against the laws in force and of the names of the offenders and witnesses, and generally to superintend the execution of and cause the obedience to the ordinances in force, and "to do all such things as the Councils, Mayor or recorder shall direct, touching the order, regulation and policy of the city." In that year an additional high constable was appointed by the Mayor, under ordinance of Councils. The salary of each was $700 per annum. There were thirty-two watchmen at that time "who cry the hour," and six who visited the boxes of the others, to insure a punctual per- formance of their duty. The whole were under the direction of the captain of the watch. The captain of the watch attended at the old Court-House every night to receive " the vagrants, rioters or thieves " who might be taken up by the watchmen, and " to take care of the oil, wick, etc.," of which he was required to render an account to the City Commis- sioners, monthly, of the quantity received, ex- pended, and on hand. There were, in 1810, eleven hundred and thirty-two lamps in the city. The pay of the watchmen was fourteen dollars per month, besides which they received 27 cents extra wages for each lamp under their care. Besides this it is gravely stated that they also " have the gratu- ity of a great-coat." The total cost of lighting and watching the city in 1809 amounted to $19,263.73. Early in 18 14 a resolution was introduced into Councils providing for watchmen and lamps in PAST AND PRESENT. ^3 Centre Square, as Penn Square was then called. Councils thought the scheme " too gorgeous," and the citizens were bound to be content with having watchmen placed on duty at the Centre Square engine-house. About this same time much difficulty was expe- rienced in satisfactorily lighting the streets of the city, in consequence of the increasing scarcity of oil, a result of the war of 1812, which interfered with the whale fisheries. A plan was adopted for burn- ing tallow and lard instead of oil, and the public lamps altered accordingly. In 18 10 the Northern Liberties required better police protection, and in November of that year a nightly watch was organ- ized and the district provided with lamps. In 181 1 the force was increased, and a captain of the watch appointed. The district of Southwark followed, in 1 81 2, with an ordinance appropriating five thousand dollars for establishing a nightly watch, and erecting public lamps. In 1 83 1 the arrangement of the watch was con- sidered a very efficient one, '' as the infrequence of fire, robberies, and disturbances of the peace suffi- ciently prove," says a chronicle of that time. The whole number of the city watch, including the cap- tain and lieutenant, was 106. They were divided into the following classes : 16 silent, or captain and lieutenant's watch ; 50 north and south watch, or lamplighters ; 31 east and west watch, four market watch, two turnkeys, and three watchmen at the City Hall and Independence Square and at the bridge, whose duty it was to watch the city property. The city at that time was divided into two districts, y^ THE PHILADELPHIA POLICE, Eastern and Western, The Eastern district ex- tended from the Delaware to Eighth Street, and from the southern to the northern bounds of the city as then established, which was under the par- ticular charge of the captain of the watch. This officer had his quarters at the old Court-House, at Second and Market streets. He had under his com- mand eight silent watch, 21 north and south watch, or lamplighters, eight east and west watch, one turnkey and the market watch. The Western district included that part of the city between Eighth Street and the Schuylkill, from the southern to the north- ern boundary of the city, and was under the care of the lieutenant of the watch, whose quarters were at the Western Watch House, at the corner of Broad and Filbert streets. Under his command were eight silent watch, 26 north and south watch. 17 east and west watch, and one turnkey. It was the duty of the north and south watch- men to light and keep in order all the lamps. The lamps were lighted previous to setting the watch, for which the watchmen received 25 cents per month for each lamp, in addition to their monthly wages, which were at that time fixed at $18. The lamps were not lighted on moonlight nights. The east and west watchmen received $20 a month. On December 31, 1829, there were 2016 lamps within the charter bounds of the city. For a time swinging or " suspension lamps " were used. They were placed at the intersection of streets, suspended on a chain running diagonally across the streets. At each end of the chain were weights running up and down in posts, bored out for the purpose. When PAST AND PRESENT. 75 a watchman wished to light or arrange a lamp he pulled it down with a hook at the end of a pole. This arrangement did not work satisfactorily and was abandoned for lamps set on top of posts. The watch was set at ten o'clock. Each watch- man went in a direct line for four squares, and turned no corners except into alleys, etc., that lead from the street allotted to him. The four squares formed the watchman's district, through which he had to pass once in each hour. For example : an east and west watchman would set out from the wharf on Arch Street, and pass up Arch Street, on the north side, to Fourth Street, and return on the south side to the wharf, visiting each alley as he went and returned. Others went westward from Eighth street, and from Eighth to Twelfth streets, etc. Others passed along Water, Front, Second, Third, Fourth streets, etc., from Vine to Market Street, and return. So that while the east and west watchmen were travelling east and -west, the north and south watchmen were crossing them at the intersection of every street. The cost of maintaining the watch in 1829 was $28,704.96. The whole expense for lighting and watching the city, $49,586.73. Stephen Girard, among his many other benefac- tions, did not forget the police force of the city in his will, and by it devised money for enlarging its use- fulness and improvement of the system. Under this stimulus considerable activity was manifested, and in 1833 the city was divided into four equal di- visions for public purposes. Each division was ap- portioned into three sections. There were a captain -6 THE PHILADELPHIA POLICE, of the watch and a lieutenant of the city police for each division. For each section there was an inspec- tor of police to superintend the policemen and watch- men, subject to the orders of the lieutenant of the division. The force was increased to twenty-four day policemen, and one hundred and twenty watch- men by night. Suitable watch-houses were pro- vided for each section ; there were, therefore, twelve watch-houses. The watch-house for the northern section of the city proper stood upon the north side of Cherry Street, east of Fifth. Another was on the south side of Union Street, be- tween Third and Fourth, opposite the spot where the Third District police station now stands. On Broad Street, near Arch, was the western watch- house, on the site now partly covered by the Ma- sonic Temple. The watch-houses of the district corporation were established at the Commissioner's halls. This development of the police force seems, how- ever, to have been too rapid, and in 1835 the ar- rangements as then constituted were considered so unsatisfactory and expensive that a new ordinance was passed reducing the number of day police and the number of watch-houses. Nothing more typi- cally Philadelphian than this cautious retrogression can be well imagined. Riots have not been numerous in Philadelphia, but still there have been some. The first one of which there is any record occurred in 1 738, under the regime of Governor Thomas. The ballot-box for the whole city and county of Philadelphia was opened at the Court-House on Market Street early PAST AND PRESENT. -. on the morning of Oct. ist. Both parties assem- bled in large numbers in the vicinity, and crowds, mostly Germans, came in from the surroundincr country. The Governor's party, so it is said, had engaged a gang of sailors, from the ships then in the harbor, to attack the voters and drive them from the polls. Soon after the people had assem- bled, these sailors appeared, marching through the streets in a riotous manner. They attacked the men at the polls with clubs, knocking down all who came in their way. Having cleared the ground the rioters retired, but returned as soon as the polls were opened. They took possession of the stairway leading to the ballot-box, and beat back the mem- bers of the country party who came forward to vote. The " negro riots," as they have since been called, were on August i, 1842. They were caused in the first place by a disturbance between colored people who were in a procession of the " Moya- mensing Temperance Society " and boys and other whites who were on the streets. The police made arrests which caused excitement. The dwellings inhabited by blacks on Lombard Street, between Fifth and Eighth, and in the various small courts and alleys adjacent, which was the negro quarter of the city then as now, were attacked by a mob of whites. Negroes were assaulted and beaten ; windows and doors smashed and furniture thrown out of the houses. The excitement was about sub- siding when the discharge of a gun by a black man in Bradford's Alley added new fierceness to it. The man who had discharged the gun retreated to a house for safety, which was broken open and all 78 THE PHILADELPHIA POLICE, the colored people within dragged out and beaten. The city police interfered in their behalf, and while they were being taken to the Mayor's office, efforts were made to rescue them from the officers. The rioting continued through the evening, when the houses occupied by colored people between Seventh and Eighth streets were broken open and the inmates assaulted and injured. " Smith's Beneficial Hall," a large building on the north side of Lombard Street, used by colored men as a place of meeting for liter- ary and beneficial societies, was an object of attack. A strong force of police was stationed in front of the building, and although at times the officers were sorely pressed, they kept the mob at a distance. But while they were guarding the front the enemy was successful in the rear. Entrance was gained to the building, and suddenly flames were seen breaking from the upper stories. The building was entirely burned and the destruction complete. Damage was done to adjoining buildings by the falling walls. While this fire was in progress, the old church build- ing of the Society of Covenanters, on St, Mary Street, which had passed into the possession of a re- ligious society of colored people, was found to be in flames. Nothing was saved but the walls. By mid- night the excitement died out and the rioting ceased. Early in 1 843 were the weavers' riots in Kensing- ton, The disturbances were brought about by dis- putes among the working weavers as to their wages. The sheriff, the late Hon, Wm, A, Porter, tried to quell the rioters and called out a posse, but he and his force were compelled to retreat. The citizen soldiers being called into the field, the rioters were PAST AND PRESENT. yg dispersed. These riots were followed by what are known as the " Native American riots" of 1844. The first Native American meeting in Philadel- phia was held at Germantown in 1837. In their constitution it was declared that while they invited the stranger, worn down by oppression at home, to come and share with us the blessings of our native land, they denied his right to have a voice in legisla- tive halls, and his eligibility to office under any cir- cumstances. The movement progressed very rap- idly, and in 1844 there was a Native American associ- ation in almost every ward in the city and township and district of the county. On the third of May, a meeting was held to establish a Native American association in the Third Ward, Kensington, upon an open lot at the south-west comer of Master and Second streets. About three hundred persons were present, and while a speaker was addressing the meeting an attack was made upon it by a number of persons armed with clubs and the members of the meeting driven away. The breaking up of the meeting caused intense excitement, particularly as it was alleged that the persons making the attack were all foreigners by birth, and the majority Irishmen. The members of the dispersed meeting repaired to another place in the neighborhood, and passed reso- lutions denouncing the outrage upon them, and de- termined that in maintenance of their constitutional rights to peaceably assemble and discuss public measures, they would adjourn to meet on the suc- ceeding Monday, May 6, at the place from which they had been driven. The discussion of the cir- cumstances of the affair in the newspapers wrought So THE PHILADELPHIA POLICE, public excitement to fever heat, but when the day of meeting arrived, it was opened quietly and went on without interruption until a sudden shower of rain put the assemblage to flight. Its members took refuge in the market-house in Washington (Ameri- can) Street, above Master, when the meeting was reorganized and a speaker began to address them. On the outskirts of the assemblage were persons who were evidently opposed to the object of the meeting, and attempted to prevent its continuance. A quarrel between them and persons composing the meeting ensued, and a pistol was discharged. The Hibernia Hose Company's house was located on Cadwallader Street, only separated from the market-house, where the meeting- was held, by a vacant piece of ground. As soon as the pistol shot was heard, a window in the hose-house was raised, and a gun pointed in the direction of the meeting and fired. This was followed by an irregular volley of shots from the same place. In a few moments guns were again fired, some from the hose-house and some from the house tops in the neighborhood. The majority of the persons in the market-house scattered and ran, but some held their ground and threw stones and brickbats towards the houses. Some of those driven away procured arms, and, returning to the scene, a regular battle ensued. During the skirmish George Shififler, a lad eighteen years old, was mortally wounded, and died soon afterwards. It is said that when shot he was defending an American flag, to prevent its being carried off by an Irishman. The Shififler Hose Com- pany, organized about that time, was named in his PAST AND PRESENT. gl honor. Eleven others were wounded, all Ameri- cans, but none fatally. The intelligence of these transactions flew through the city like wildfire, and created great excitement, and thousands of persons were attracted to the scene. The bulk of the crowd was in Second Street, near Franklin, the Girard Avenue of to-day. In the evening, about ten o'clock, stones and bricks were thrown against houses said to be occupied by Roman Catholics. An attack was made upon the house at Second and Phoenix (Thompson) streets, which was occupied by sisters of the Roman Catholic church as a seminary. Guns were fired from the upper stories, and two spectators, John N. Wright and Nathan D. Ramsay, who were not taking any part in the riot, were shot, one being killed on the spot and the other dying soon afterwards. The reports of these occurrences in the news- papers the next morning intensified the excitement. The Sun and Native American papers issued extras, calling upon the citizens to assemble in the State Hou.se yard at half-past three o'clock in the after- noon. The town was also posted with placards to the same efifect, and bearing the words, " Let every man come prepared to defend himself !" A large and tumultuous crowd gathered at this meeting, which, after organizing, adjourned to meet forthwith on Washington (American) Street, between the market-house and the houses on Cadwallader Street from which the firing had come on the pre- vious day. The crowd being assembled there a movement was made to hoist an American flag on the spot where ShifHerfell, when a volley of musketry 6 g2 THE PHILADELPHIA POLICE, poured into the meeting from the Hibernia Hose- house. The members of the meeting at the Court- House were unarmed, notwithstanding the request that they should come prepared, but they were joined while marching to the new meeting-place by some persons carrying guns. After the shots were fired from the hose-house an attack was made upon it. It was broken open and the hose-carriage ran out and broken to pieces. The house itself was then set on fire. The battle raged furiously about it and numbers were killed and wounded on both sides. The flames from the burning hose-house spread to other buildings, and altogether about thirty houses were destroyed, among them the " Nanny-Goat Market," as the market-house at that point was called. The firemen were driven off by the rioters, and were not permitted to make any ef- forts towards putting out the fire. The sheriff called for the military, who first refused to respond, but afterwards, about dark, the troops marched upon the ground and the firemen proceeded to check the flames under the protection of the military. The mob dispersed, and during the night there was no further disturbance.. On the following day, the Roman Catholic Church of St. Michael, at the corner of Second and Jefferson streets, was set on fire. The rector's house adjoining and some frame buildings were also destroyed. " The Female Seminary at Second and Phoenix streets, which had repelled the former attack, was set on fire and consumed. Many other houses were burned. While these outrages were being perpetrated in Kensington, other parts of the city were left un- PAST AND PRESENT. g, guarded. It was rumored during the day that the Roman Catholic Church of St. Augustine, on Fourth Street, below Vine, would be attacked, and the Mayor, John M. Scott, with a body of police, repaired to the church to protect it. The police were sta- tioned on the pavement in front of the church, and the First City Troop of Cavalry was stationed in the neighborhood. Throngs of people came to the scene, and thousands stood looking at the church, but no demonstration of violence was made to attract at- tention. But while the police stood on guard out- side, somebody had secretly entered the church and kindled a fire, the light of which was soon seen with- out. The firemen, who were upon the ground, made no effort to quench the flames, but devoted them- selves to saving adjoining property. The fire gained In strength, and soon broke forth from the roof, and windows in the front of the church. Shortly the steeple was wrapped in flames, and as the glittering cross which crowned it tottered and fell, the crowd below gave vent to a yell of exultation. Nothing was left standing but the bare walls. Adjoining buildings were also consumed. The troops on duty in Kensington, when news of these occurrences reached them, were marched to the city and detach- ments placed as guards over the Catholic churches. At a meeting of City Councils, held on the evening of the 8th, it was agreed that $20,000 be appropriated to the police committee to increase the force tem- porarily in order to maintain the peace. At a public meeting of the citizens, called by the mayor on the 9th, it was arranged that the citizens organize in the several wards. The aldermen of the wards organized 84 THE PHILADELPHIA POLICE, these companies. Each man was furnished with a white musHn badge, intended to be worn round the hat, on which were printed the words, " Peace police." They were divided into patrols for the blocks and divisions of each ward, and were on duty all that night. Major-General Patterson called out the whole division of troops under him, and established his headquarters at Girard Bank. Governor David R. Porter arrived in the city the same day, and issued a proclamation in relation to the late events, and the soldiers were ordered to act in conjunction with the sheriff. These strenuous measures to restore and maintain order were successful and the disturbances ceased. In July trouble was experienced again, when the troops were once more called upon to suppress the rioters, and Governor Porter called out a consider- able number of troops from other counties of the State near Philadelphia. City Councils also passed an ordinance " to provide for the preservation of the peace of the city," and under it a battalion of artil- lery, a regiment of infantry and a troop of horse, making in all one thousand three hundred and fifty men, were enrolled and equipped. In face of the disorders and violence then so preva- lent, the necessity of strengthening the hands of the civil authorities for the preservation of peace be- came a matter of paramount consideration. The municipal divisions of government of the city and county were a great hindrance to the preservation of order. A boundary street, running between one district and another, was as effectual a barrier to the passage of a policeman or constable across it to an PAST AND PRESENT. 8S adjoining district as the Cliinese wall. When there were riots in Moyamensing, the city police might be massed in a body on the north side of Cedar or South streets, and be witnesses of the riot, murder or arson within fifty feet of their station without having the right to interfere. A riot in the city was likewise no affair of the police of the districts. The latter, indeed, were of small account, few in number, and dependent in emergency upon re-enforcement from the district constables, who had been the conservators of the peace from time immemorial. But in the city and county at this time they had practically ceased to exercise their functions, and made scarcely any attempt to discharge other duties than those connected with civil proceedings, the serving of writs of summons and subpoenas, etc. Of the peace of the county, the sheriff was the conser- vator. He had large power ; he might summon the posse comitatus. The whole power of the county was subject to his command, but if the power should refuse to come, it was a great legal puzzle to the sheriff and his advisers how he could compel its at- tendance. A few friends or citizens might rally round his standard, but even they considered them- selves volunteers, with no compulsion to serve or re- main in service longer than they chose. Hence it was that the only hope of the sheriff in great tur- bulance was in calling out the armed militia, but whether he had any power to do so was a debatable question. The volunteers themselves did not fancy the sort of work which turned them into constables. Coming from among the citizens, some of them were likely to be influenced by the same passions and g6 THE PHILADELPHIA POLICE, prejudices that were carried to extremities by the mob. Many of them did not desire to be placed in a position of antagonism to their fellow-citizens, and the duty of enforcing the civil laws in times of ex- citement was not pleasant. Added to all this was the idea that they were troops of the State, organized under the laws of the Commonwealth, subject only to the Governor as Commander-in-chief of their superior officers. There were several occasions dur- ing which the sheriffs or mayors sought assistance of the volunteers in time of danger, and when their services were either refused or given with reluctance. In consequence of this state of affairs some of the most influential citizens called a meeting, at which an address was adopted, and the draft of a law prepared for presentation to the Legislature, consolidating the city and districts in one corpora- tion. The plan met with opposition among other citizens. These held a meeting and prepared memorials to Councils and the Legislature against it, but recommending, instead, the establishment by Act of Assembly of a police system for the city and districts. Under this influence the Legislature passed the desired law, April 12, 1845. Under its provisions the city of Philadelphia and the incor- porated districts of Spring Garden, Northern Lib- erties and Penn, and the township of Moyamensing, were required to establish and maintain police forces of " not less than one able-bodied man for one hun- dred and fifty tax-payable inhabitants," for the pre- vention of riots and the preservation of the public peace. A superintendent of police was required to be elected for the city and for each PAST AND PRESENT. 87 district. If there was failure in any section to comply with the law, the city, township or dis- trict so failing was to be held responsible for all damage and loss of property occasioned by riot or tumult within its territorial limits. In case of any riot occurring which the police force of the district was unable to suppress, the sheriff had authority to call on the several superintendents of police for the whole or any part of their forces. In case twelve or more persons were unlawfully, riotously and tumultuously assembled, the sheriff or his deputies or the police superintendents were authorized " to go among them, or so near to them as he can safely go, and there with a loud voice make proclamation, in the name of the Commonwealth, requiring and commanding all persons there so unlawfully, riot- ously and tumultuously assembled, and all other persons not being there on duty as police, immedi- ately to disperse themselves, and peaceably to de- part to their habitations or to their lawful business," or, in other words, to read them the riot act. To continue there after such proclamation was of itself a misdemeanor to be punished by imprisonment, and every one who remained on the ground might be arrested. This statute also clearly established the right of the sheriff to call upon the major-gen. eral commanding the military division of the city or county or his assistants, upon certifying to him that there was an existing riot or tumult which the police force under his command was, in his opin- ion, not competent to suppress without further aid. The troops were authorized to " proceed in military array and subordination, and by military force in 88 THE PHILADELPHIA POLICE, any part of the City and County to restore the public peace," and to proceed in the suppression of riots and the Hke, as in the case of war or public insurrection. Prior to the passage of this act, there was a police superintendent in each district who was inde- pendent of the superintendents, Councils or com- missioners of other districts. PAST AND PRESENT. 89 CHAPTER IV. Birth and Infancy of the Present System. (1850— 1858.) THE RULE OF THE " GANGS."— ST. MARY STREET RIOT. — A POLICE MARSHALATE CREATED. — WORKINGS OF THE NEW SYSTEM. — GROWTH OF THE CONSOLIDATION IDEA. — PASSAGE OF THE ACT.— MAYOR CONRAD'S ELECTION. — REORGANIZATION OF THE FORCE. — THE NEW mayor's ringing MESSAGE.— THE " AMERICAN BIRTH " QUALIFICATION. — OPPOSITION TO A UNIFORM. — EN- FORCEMENT OF THE SUNDAY LAWS.— MAYOR VAUX'S LARGE FORCE. — FORMATION OF THE RESERVES. — LOYAL "RAT" ALLEN.— THE ALARM TELEGRAPH INTRODUCED. In 1850 a radical improvement was made in reor- ganization artd systematizing the public arrange- ments. The spirit of misrule and disorder which had been growing for fifteen or sixteen years was at its height. The miserable system of a city with adjacent districts each independent of each other was a protection to the disorderly, and encouragement to them to unite for the purpose of showing their disre- gard of law. Organized gangs of ruffians and thieves wer« associated under such names as Killers, Blood Tubs, Rats, Bouncers, Schuylkill Rangers, and other euphonious appellations. The walls and fences in the neighborhood of the resorts of these gangs were decorated with their titles in chalk and go THE PHILADELPHIA POLICE, paint. It was noticeable that all these associations were " No. i." The Killers No. i fought with the Buffers No. i, or the Rats No. i, as the case might be, but nobody ever heard of the Killers, Buffers, or Rats, No. 2. These associations were so strong that they committed depredations with impunity, to the terror of the citizens, and in contempt and defi- ance of the authorities and police. The district of Moyamensing was particularly afflicted with these gangs. The firemen in the district were also in deadly enmity. A fight which took place in that district in June, on Sunday, lasted nearly all day, and was fought with bricks, stones, and fire-arms, in the public streets, ranging from Eighth to Eleventh, and from Christian to Fitzwater streets. Two weeks afterward a shed on Shippen Street, between Ninth and Tenth, was fired purposely. The carriage of the Franklin Hose, while proceed- ing toward the place, was seized by a gang who were lying in wait, run down to the Delaware and pushed into the river. In retaliation a shed on another part of Shippen Street was set on fire the same night, and the Moyamensing Hose, while going to the fire was attacked by adherents of the Franklin Hose. A fight took place with fire-arms, in course of which Alexander Gillies was killed and nine or ten wounded. A fire was as likely to be an incen- diary attempt to lure a hostile company into a dis- trict where it could be taken in ambush as to have been an accidental occurrence. The historic precincts of St. Mary Street 'were the scene of a serious riot on the night of election day, October 9, 1849. The neighborhood was inhab- PAST AND PRESENT. gi ited by colored people, and they were greatly alarmed by rumors started during the day that an attack would be made at night upon a large four- story brick building, at the north-west corner of Sixth and St. Mary streets, called the California House, a tavern frequented by blacks. The propri- etor was a mulatto and his wife a white woman. This case of miscegenation was well known, and had been the subject of hints of violence before that time. In the evening of the day named, an old wagon, on which combustibles were placed and set on fire, was dragged by a party of men from the lower end of Moyamensing up Seventh Street as far as St. Mary Street, and through the latter towards Sixth. Nothing might have come of this if it had not been for the rumors of the day ; but many of the negroes anticipated an attack and prepared for it. When the blazing wagon came into St. Mary Street the blacks threw bricks and stones at the party drawing it. This assault of course met with retalia- tion and the riot began. An attack was made on the California House, which was resisted by a party of colored persons in the house, who had congregated to defend it, by throwing missiles from the doors and windows. Bricks, stones and fire-arms were used against the assailants. Finally the attacking party triumphed, and gaining an entrance to the house, went to work in the bar-room, broke the fixtures and furniture, piled them in the middle of the floor and set them on fire. The city police, unarmed, now came upon the scene. They encountered the rioters armed with revolvers, knives, clubs and stones. The officers 02 THE PHILADELPHIA POLICE, were boldly attacked, and notwithstanding a valiant fight, were compelled to retire as far as Lombard Street, where they endeavored to hold in check a body of excited blacks who wanted to take a hand in the fight. They were kept in restraint for a short time, but tearing up bricks and paving-stones they broke through the file of officers and made a rush for St. Mary Street, where they took part in the fight. The California House did not burn rapidly enough to suit the rioters, and they tore out the gas fixtures and. set the gas free. Soon the building was in a fierce blaze, and the alarm of fire was sounded. The firemen with their apparatus repaired to the scene and encountered strong opposition. The members of the Hope Fire Company, prepar- ing to go into service, were beaten off, their engine taken from them, run up St. Mary Street and aban- doned. The Good Will Fire Company was received at St. Mary Street with a volley from fire-arms. Charles Himmelwright, a member, was shot and died in three minutes, and John Hollick, also a mem- ber, was mortally wounded. The California House and five other houses were burned. The rioting raged until midnight, the police being powerless to do anything towards effectually quelling it, when the State House bell was rung to call out the military. On this signal, which was known to the rioters, they retired, and when the soldiers reached the scene, about half-past two o'clock, they found everything quiet. They accordingly withdrew, and the rioting was renewed. The mob made a rush for St. Mary Street, where they set fire to a frame building inhab- ited by colored people, and made a general attack PAST AND PRESENT. 93 on the blacks. The Phcjenix Hose Company, on the way to the fire, was stopped, the members as- saulted with stones and clubs, and compelled to fly. The Robert Morris hose-carriage was seized and run into Moyamensing. The Dilig.ent Hose Company had its hose cut and injured. The firemen at length rallied, and by fighting their way through to the flames succeeded in saving the burning house. This emboldened the blacks, and they gathered just before daylight and maintained a furious battle with the rioters in Fifth Street until eight o'clock. At ten o'clock the military again marched to the scene, stationed guards, and placed two cannon in front of the California House. Companies and sentries were stationed on Sixth Street, at Pine, Lombard, South, and Shippen streets, and on the cross-streets at Fifth and Seventh streets. The military were on the ground two days, when, quiet being restored, they were withdrawn. Four persons were killed in the riot, and nine whites and sixteen blacks were taken to the hospital. The number injured, however, was much larger. In the face of all these facts, it was very evident that the time had come for some decisive measures for the better preservation of the peace of the city, and on the 3d of May, 1850, the Legislature passed an act directing that the citizens of Philadelphia, Northern Liberties, Soiithwark, Spring Garden, Richmond and Penn districts should, at the next fall election, choose one person to serve for three years as marshal of the Philadelphia Police District. The territory was subdivided: the city formed four police divisions, and each of the incor- g^ THE PHILADELPHIA POLICE, porated districts of the county was a division. There was a lieutenant of police for each division. The policemen were not to exceed one for every one hundred and fifty taxable inhabitants, nor to be less than one for every six hundred taxables. Councils and the Commissioners nominated to the Marshal three times the number of policemen required, from which he made his selections. A police board was created, consisting of the presidents of the two coun- cils of the city, and of the presidents of the various boards of commissioners of the districts. To this board was committed the ways and means of raising a force and paying it. This force was to act in con- junction with the regular force of the city or dis- tricts, or independently of them if necessary. It was charged especially with the maintenance of the peace of the police district, or might go beyond it into any part of the county if necessary. The mar- shal was granted the full power of the sheriff in suppressing riots and disorders, and of arresting offenders against the laws. When, in his opinion, the existing police force was not sufficient to sup- press disturbance, he had authority to call on the major-general commanding the military division to call out a military force to assist in maintaining the law. After his proclamation to evil-doers to disperse, if they refused, he could proceed to full extremities, as in case of war or public insurrection. At the next election, which was the following October, John S. Keyser was elected Police Marshal. He had been lieutenant of the consolidated police of the Spring Garden district, where he had shown him- self to be vigilant and bold, and his merits were well PAST AND PRESENT. g^ understood by the people. The poHce board agreed that the number of policemen should consist of one for every four hundred taxable inhabitants of the police district, and that the salaries should be four hundred dollars per annum, payable monthly. The force was small, but being in charge of a man of such activity and courage as Marshal Keyser, the effect was wonderful. The lawless clubs and associ- ations which had for years committed disorder and crime were subdued, and to a great extent broken up. In a few months scarcely any of them pre- tended to exist, and the small force that Marshal Keyser had was managed admirably. The marshal's office and chief police station were established in the Adelphi Building, on Fifth Street below Walnut. It was made the duty of the City Councils and the commissioners of the districts to erect suitable station-houses for the police in proper places, which were gradually provided in different sections of the city. A set of signals was established for calling the police force together. The ofificers were required to repair to and concentrate at the station-house indi- cated by the signal. When such concentration was required at any station, the signal was given by the alarm-bell at that station. The adjoining stations promptly answered the alarm by giving the same number of strokes as that given by the first alarm- bell, thereby conyeying the intelligence to the next station, and so on, so that all the policemen should at once proceed to the station indicated. The fact that such a system was elaborated shows more -6 THE PHILADELPHIA POLICE, plainly than description can the extraordinary law- lessness of the time. The ruffians in the districts were particularly ac- tive before the marshal's police got to work, and were not much interfered with. Neil Mooney, a watchman in the Moyamensing district, was killed by one of these ruffians on the 25th of May, 1856, while in the discharge of his duty. A large bonfire was kindled in an open lot in Eighth Street, near Fitz- water, opposite the Moyamensing Hose House. Mooney, in accordance with his duty, attempted to extinguish the fire, but was warned by some persons lying in ambush near by to desist. He persisted, and while removing an empty barrel from the flames he was shot with a musket and died from the wound. The murderer was never discovered. Colonel John K. Murphy was elected to succeed Marshal Keyser in 1853. He held his office until 1857, a special pro- vision being made in the consolidation act of 1854, that the office of marshal should be retained until the expiration of Marshal Murphy's term. For many years, public sentiment had been steadily tending towards consolidation of the city and incorporated districts into one great municipal- ity. Meetings were held from time to time of those in favor of such a measure, and the question finally worked itself into politics. It was made a test for those seeking election to the Legislature, and at the election in 1853 many friends to the measure were sent to the General Assembly. Before the meeting of that body, the committee on consolidation, ap- pointed at a town-meeting, drafted a bill to be laid before the Legislature, fixing the details of the de- PAST AND PRESENT. 97 sired legislation. This bill was introduced at Har- risburg early in the session, and pressed with such vigor that it was passed on the 2d of February, 1854. The bill provided that the city of Philadelphia should be enlarged by taking in all the territory comprised within the county of Philadelphia. The incorporated districts were abolished, and South- wark, Northern Liberties, Kensington, Spring Gar- den, Moyamensing, Penn, Richmond, West Phil- adelphia, and Belmont ceased to have corporate existence. The boroughs of Frankford, German- town, Manayunk, White Hall, Bridesburg and Ar- amingo were deprived of their franchises. The townships of Passyunk, Blockley, Kingsessing, Rox- borough, Germantown, Bristol, Oxford, Lower Dub- lin, Moreland, Northern Liberties, which were unin- corporated, Byberry, Delaware and Penn were abolished, and all the franchises and property of those governments transferred to the city of Phila- delphia. The board of police, the mayor and Coun- cils of the city then in existence, the commissioners and officers of the districts, and the burgesses of the boroughs were superseded. Some of the executive officers were continued, however, for their terms of office and some for longer periods. The marshal of police was continued in separate and independent jurisdiction until the expiration of Marshal Murphy's term in 1857. Philadelphia became by the consoli- dation a city having a superficial area of 129^ square miles, or about 82,701 acres. Its length is 23 miles, with an average breadth oi S}4 rniles. Under the new act the first election for mayor, members of councils, and other officers, was held on 7 g8 THE PHILADELPHIA POLICE, the first Tuesday of June, 1854. There were two nominees for mayor — Robert T. Conrad, Whig, and Richard Vaux, Democrat. Judge Conrad received the support of the " Know-Nothing " party, and was elected mayor by a vote of 29,507 to 21,011 for Mr. Vaux. He was sworn into office on the first Mon- day of July, and City Councils organized on the same day. They passed an ordinance on the 28th of that month, reorganizing the Philadelphia police force. It was declared that for police purposes each ward should be a separate police district, and that in each district there should be a station-house for the use of the police, and for the temporary detention of per- sons arrested or charged with offences. The Mayor was empowered to appoint for each police district a lieutenant and two sergeants, and prescribe their duties. The number of men constituting the execu- tive police force and watchmen was fixed at 820, ex- clusive of officers. The men were to be distributed among the respective police districts as the Mayor might direct. Out of the number of police, eight officers were designated by the Mayor to be High Constables, whose duty it was to be in attendance at the Mayor's or Marshal's office. Four men were de- tailed as special officers and two to act as messengers at the Mayor's office. The Mayor was given power to make all police^ rules and regulations. It became the duty of Councils by this ordinance to elect one alderman in each ward to be a Police or Committing magistrate, who should attend his al- lotted station-house daily for the purpose of hearing and disposing of the prisoners detained. The lieu- tenant, or one of the two sergeants of the district. PAST AND PRESENT. gg was also required to attend the hearings. The an- nual salaries of the officers were fixed as follows : sergeants, $600 ; policemen, $500 ; turnkeys, $450 ; high constables, $700; special officers, $600; messengers, $500 ; police magistrates, $500. The police officers were not allowed to accept any gift or reward for any police duty performed, nor engage in any other business. A violation of this rule was ground for discharge from the force. The central station was established in the City Hall, at Fifth and Chestnut streets, where it has been continued to the present day. Stations in some of the wards were provided by the appropriation of the former com- missioners' halls, and in other wards buildings were rented and fitted up for the purpose. It was, how- ever, soon discovered that there was no economy in the renting method, and the city began building its own police-stations. The first were solid but plain structures, but in the course of time architectural effects were attempted, and to-day Philadelphia can boast of as fine buildings in that particular as any other city in the country. Mayor Conrad sent to Councils his first annual message on May 18, 1856. It was largely devoted to a discussion of the duties and responsibilities of his organization of the new police force. "As the primary object of all government," he said in his mes- sage, " is protection against lawless violence, its first duty is the establishment of a power that will maintain the public tranquillity ; and the absence and urgent necessity of such a power was here the influential motive for the adoption of ' Consolidation.' The need of a vigorous police is perhaps greater in our large American cities than anywhere in the civilized world. If our population were native, or homogeneous, we would have less need of police re- ,oo THE PHILADELPHIA POLICE, straints than a city like London, whose vast population is governed with a mild control that secures tranquillity without oppression. As a more youthful and less corrupt people, with less inequality, less ignorance, and less misery, there would be less necessity for police guardianship ; and in point of fact, our American commu- nities hardly knew the necessity of such protection until the excess of immigration had changed the character of our cities. But in the actual state of facts, we now need greater police energies for the protection of our people than the capitals of Europe. Per. verled immigration has filled our cities with pauperism — the fruitful parent of disorder and crime Perverted immi- gration has filled our cities with the. transported criminals of Eu- rope. The extent of this insulting and hostile policy, more worthy of just resentment than the frothy trifles so often made the sub- ject of declamation, is not fully known ; but no magistrate con- nected with the police administration can be ignorant of the fact (and its statement should not be considered a wrong to the worthy emigrant, — for to such it was not, and is not intended to apply) that a considerable proportion of those arrested for crime are the exiles of European cities." The same causes, he thought, had introduced novel and foreign vices and habits, the engendering and prolific causes of crime. Even where these did not exist, it had made our cities, he said, the home of the disputes of clans and classes, sects and fac- tions, alien to our character and country. To these various sources he attributed the increase in our cit- ies of beggars and vagrancy, "of audacious prostitu- tion, of lawless riot, with all the terrible catalogue of crime that swell the calendars of our courts and crowd the cells of our prisons." He gave the fire- men a rap, "who," he said, "under pretext of protecting the city, outrage its laws and disturb its peace, not unfrequently carrying the fury of their feuds to the extent of murder." On this account he saw the further necessity of an energetic system of PAST AND PRESENT. lOI police protection. The only police worth a thought — the only police capable of effecting a result worthy of public care or approbation, he said, was that which is based upon the principles of prevention. He paid his compliments to the old order of things in the following words : " The miserable system by which the public was so long amused with a show of security — a system under which the officers waited patiently until crime was committed, and then set upon the pursuit of the offender, constituted, at best, an authorized warfare between the police and the criminals, and if it did not encourage crime, did not prevent it. Under the most favorable views, it was an in- effective system of subsequent vengeance ; and in every moral and practical point of view was an absurdity. Such is the character of aiery police that is not sufficient to render the commission of crime nearly if not quite impossible," says Mayor Conrad with italicized emphasis. " The only police worth the cost of its maintenance is one of prevention ; and such a police should be a system overspreading and guarding the whole community, rendering it either impossible, or most dangerous, to attempt the commission of crime, and leav- ing no moment of time, and no place, without its guardian." It was his aim to make his force a preventive po- lice. The first requisite for appointment on his force was as to personal character. In every case unex- ceptionable evidence was required that the applicant conformed to the rules which Mayor Conrad had es- tablished, as follows: "To hold a place on the police, the following qualifications will be required : — American birth ; age between twenty-three and fifty; physical health and vigor; ability to read and write; entire purity of moral character and habits ; invariable temperance ; unquestionable courage ; peaceable and courteous manners; deco- rous and genteel attire ; zeal for the service ; respectful obedience to superior officers ; and promptness and decision in action." J02 THE PHILADELPHIA POLICE, The rule in regard to American birth certainly was not long enforced, and was doubtless the extreme of " Know-Nothing " principles of that day. He reported the number of police as being nom- inally 916, but that a less number had at all times been employed. The duties of the police were pre scribed in a manual, which was placed in the lAnds of each officer, and all were held to a rigid account- ability under the regulations thus established. The force was divided into three classes, one of which was always upon active service, and every officer was held accountable for the condition of his particu- lar beat. The number of miles of streets and alleys under the supervision and guardianship of the police was almost six hundred. This extent was traversed, watched and guarded by a force seldom averaging more than two hundred and fifty. He thought that it should be the aim of Philadelphia to render her police arrangements superior to those of her, rival cities, and compared her police with that of New York. " The police of New York," he said, " consists of a body of armed, uniformed and disciplined officers, comprising about 1200 men ; that of Philadelphia consists of about 900. The great duty of the police is to guard the dwellings of citizens. The houses in New York number by the last census about 37,500 ; those of Philadelphia are over 60,000. The prin- cipal labor required from the police is to traverse, as sentinels, the streets committed to their care. The area of Philadelphia, excluding the rural districts, nearly doubles that of New York. Thus the police duty is much greater in Philadelphia, though the force is much less." The salaries paid to the police in New York were much more liberal than those allowed the Philadel- phia policemen, and the whole police system of the PAST AND PRESENT. 103 latter place administered on a much more economi- cal basis than that of any other large city. With the organization, action and results of the police department Mayor Conrad expressed himself as well satisfied. " Its officers are gentlemen," he said, "selected for their high character, and worthy, from their intelligence and integrity, of the trust reposed in them. To their energy and fidelity may be as- cribed the results which have transformed the aspect of our city, — have made our Sabbath sacred, and rendered violence and out- rage, once so familiar to our streets, almost unknown," Mayor Conrad, after reorganizing his new police force, was desirous of putting its members in uniform, but the proposition was strongly opposed. The Marshal's police did not take to the innovation. They did not want to be " put in livery " they said, and the silver star was not for them. Mayor Con- rad approached the matter cautiously. He began with the head, hoping to work down with less oppo- sition as the men became accustomed to the idea. He ordered that every policeman should wear upon his round hat a cover for the top, extending below it a distance of about two inches. It was composed of patent leather, and, having a shining surface, the policemen were easily recognized. During Mayor Conrad's administration there was trouble in regard to the enforcement of a new Sun- day liquor law, which had gone into effect during his term of office. It caused much dissatisfaction to the proprietors of taverns, oyster-houses and other places of the sort. Mayor Conrad endeavored to en- force this law, and an agitation ensued which lasted some time, and which was accompanied by a great io- THE PHILADELPHIA POLICE, bitterness of feeling. Mayor Conrad's administra- tion was, in fact, distinguished for the pertinacity with which he insisted on the observance to the letter of laws that had for their object the suspension of labor and of entertainment on Sunday. The Sun- day newspapers were not a little troubled by him. He caused the arrest of and committed for trial a number of saloon-keepers for violating the Sunday laws. This act of his created much excitement. He had directed his police officers to enter the sa- loons and drink liquor, in order that they might not lack evidence to maintain the prosecutions. His action was upheld at public meetings of clergymen and religious citizens, but, on the other hand, the Mayor was caricatured, ridiculed and denounced by those who found fault with the proceedings. By ordinance of November, 1855, the police dis- tricts were established and their boundaries defined. Most of the districts comprised two wards, but the Twentieth, Twenty-first, Twenty-second and Twenty-fourth wards were each made separate police districts. A station-house was established in each district. The number of policemen and watchmen, exclusive of lieutenants and sergeants, was fixed at ■ six hundred and fifty men. The old ordinance for- bidding policemen from accepting rewards for ser- vices was repealed, and it was enacted that " all policemen shall be allowed, with the permission of the Mayor, to receive any rewards or gratuities which may be offered them by persons or institutions who may consider themselves benefited by their extra services, provided the same shall not have been asked for or promised before the service was rendered." t>AST AND PRESENT. 105 The unanimous choice of the Democrats for the ofifice of Mayor in 1856 fell to Richard Vaux. The campaign was hotly contested, and resulted in Mr. Vaux's election by a handsome majority. When Mayor Vaux was inaugura*^ed in May, 1856, he"was not quite satisfied with the efficiency of the police force as organized by his predecessor. He immediately set to work and introduced a number of reforms, which brought the organization as near to perfection as was at that time possible. Councils allowed a certain number of ofificers, but without re- gard to this restriction the Mayor appointed as many men as in his opinion were required, and event- ually they numbered 1000. But these were troub- lous times. As the census of i860 showed a pop- ulation of only 565,529, this must be considered a very large force, as now (1887), when the popula- tion is estimated at not less than i.ooo.cxx), there are only 1250 policemen exclusive of the chief, captains, lieutenants, sergeants, house sergeants, and patrol- drivers. The Mayor's office at Fifth and Chestnut streets was then a sort of rendezvous for police, detectives, and High Constables. The first Sunday after his inauguration. Mayor Vaux went there, about noon, and was surprised to find the office locked. He en- deavored to obtain admission, but failed and became somewhat indignant. Waiting in the neighborhood in the hopes of finding some one connected with the place the Mayor at last saw a man named Buckley, who was engaged in some capacity in the building, coming from church. " Is there nobody here?" asked Mr. Vaux. lo6 THE PHILADELPHIA POLICE, "Not to-day, your Honor," was the answer, " Does nobody report here on Sunday ? " "Nobody." " Well, this is the last Sunday that it will be so," said the new Mayor emphatically. " I will have it different." Turning on his heel he walked home, and sitting down in his library proceeded to draft a set of rules for the regulation of the police department. These rules were printed and a copy furnished to each of- ficer and official. No deviation was ever made from them during his administration. Mayor Vaux's in- vestigation of the whole system was equally ready, and in a short time he discovered what defects he could remedy. The city was at that time given over to rowdyism, especially on Sundays, when the volun- teer firemen spent the day in constant rioting. This was contributed to largely by the fire-alarm system. The tolling of the State House bell and of the bells at the station-houses indicated the direction of the fire and not its precise location. The volunteer companies, when the alarm was given, instantly rushed from their quarters and tore along the streets, regardless of the life and limb of peaceful pedestrians. At some corner two or more compa- nies would come together, and indiscriminate fighting would ensue and last possibly for hours. The riots were more common on Sundays, for on the slightest pretext an alarm would be started early on the Sab- bath morning, and all day certain districts of the city would be under a reign of terror. Every night the "Schuylkill Rangers," a gang of desperadoes and river pirates, whose rendezvous was at Twenty-third PAST AND PRESENT. 107 and Market streets, ~were committing some crime of highway robbery, and looting vessels, dwellings and stores. Mayor Vaux resolved that the firemen's riots should be stopped and the " Schuylkill Rangers " suppressed. He, however, found it impracticable to concentrate ofificers for emergencies that required a large body, such as the firemen's riots. Street rail- ways were then unknown, and the old omnibus sys- tem was far from reliable, for a rowdy driver would sometimes block the street for hours. Therefore the Mayor decided to form the Reserve Corps, which remains one of the most useful divisions of the police force. He picked out sixty of the finest men from the various districts, and assigned them quarters at Fifth and Chestnut streets. A lieutenant and a sergeant were appointed, and it was so arranged that all the Reserves were at all times ready for duty. Thirty were stationed along Chestnut Street, at the corners between Broad and Fourth streets. The other thirty were not allowed to leave the station- house. " The city pays you for twenty-four hours work," said the Mayor, in his characteristic way. " After you put in that much service you can have the rest of the day to yourself." Several times during his administration did the Reserve Corps justify its organization, and the riots became infre- quent. The prevalency of fires, many of them of incendi- ary origin, and caused by members of the fire com- panies, who desired to take advantage of them to steal whatever valuables they could lay their hands on, made necessary the appointment of some officers to investigate fires and prevent robberies in the ex- log THE PHILADELPHIA POLICE, citement. The Mayor commissioned two fire de- tectives or " Fire Police," with Dr. Alexander Black- burn, a High Constable, as chief. He had one as- sistant. He was a man of good chemical knowledge, and his duties were practically the same as now performed by the Fire Marshal. He was the first man to rope the streets at fires, and to a considerable extent looting was stopped. The Schuylkill Rangers were still carrying on their depredations, and demanded prompt attention. Sixty picked men were accordingly stationed along the Schuylkill front, between Fairmount and the Navy Yard. It was not long before the gang was broken up. Mayor Vaux saw to it that the men entrusted with this duty were at work. In the most inclement weather, with the snow several inches deep, he went over the whole city at midnight, but paid especial attention to the river frcmt. When any of the desperadoes were found they were summarily dealt with. " There was no formal arrest," said Mr. Vaux recently, " there were few prisoners in the clocks in the mornings ; the jus- tices of the peace were not much troubled , but the fellow who was caught never forgot until his dying day the time he fell into the hands of ' Dick ' Vaux's police. I remember one night three of the Rangers were surprised, and jumped into the river and swam to a tug boat in the middle of the stream. It was very cold, and they thought that Dick (I was there) and his men would not follow. They were never so much mistaken in all their lives. We got a boat and overtook them. The interview was more muscular than intellectual. The rascals were pretty well satisfied before it was over. So were we. They didn't trouble us again during the administration." PAST AND PRESENT. 109 The harbor police were not organized until some years later. One morning, after the Rangers had been sup- pressed, an old Irish woman forced her way into the presence of the Mayor. " Och ! Misther Mayor," she said, " Oi've jist come to thank yez, for shure Oi'm able now to live in pace. Oi can put out me bread wagon all noight widout anywan to watch it an' there's not a loaf away in the mornin'. " The term of City Marshal Murphy expired during the administration, and it fell to the Mayor to ap- point a Chief of Police. He wanted a man of known courage, without a family, with a thorough understanding of how to drill and handle men, and who had never been identified with the Know-Koth- ing party. Captain Jacob Laudenslager, now one of the Fire Commissioners, declined the position and recommended Samuel G. Ruggles. The latter was a trunk-maker and known to the Mayor, who immediately went to his place of business. Ruggles was in the cellar at work. Standing on the pave- ment the Mayor called down. " Sam, did you ever belong to the Know-Noth- mgsr " Never, sir," answered Ruggles. " Come up here, then. Would you be Chief of Police under me ?" " I would," answered the astonished trunk-maker, who scarcely believed the ofTer to be in earnest. " Then," said the Mayor, " come to my ofifice and get your star." In this summary manner the first Chief of Police J JO THE PHILADELPHIA POLICE, in Philadelphia was appointed. He served through Mayor Vaux's administration, through Mayor Henry's three terms, which ended in 1865, and part of Mayor McMichael's term. The star was the only sign of authority conferred by the city on its officers under Mayor Vaux's administration, the patent- leather hat-covering, used in Mayor Conrad's time, having been discontinued. They received no allow- ance for uniform, but the Mayor insisted that all should wear blue coats and silk hats. Mr. Vaux next turned his attention to the drilling of the force. The use of the old city Arsenal, at the corner of Fifteenth and Filbert streets, was obtained, and in a room 150 x 60 feet every man in the whole body was drilled by a competent drill-master once a week. Neatness and cleanliness were also enforced. The man who appeared without his shoes blacked or with his hands or face unwashed, his necktie awry, or his clothing dirty -was summarily dismissed. In a few months the drilled police were an effective body of men in action. They never went into a fight that their opponents did not come out second best. One of the most capable men on the force was "Rat" Allen, who was promoted to be a sergeant after four months' service, though appointed with many misgivings. Nearly thirty years afterwards Mr. Vaux told the story with great relish. He said : "'Rat' was a street arab wno slept in a market-house or huck- ster's wagon, and got his breakfast by carrying home some one's purchases. He never remembered having had any other meal than his breakfast. He never had a father, he never had a mother, he never had any relations, never was a child, but sprung PAST AND PRESENT. i j j from the earth or dropped from the clouds, ragged and frowsy. Now and again he would get a book and sit down on a corner stone and read it. 1 never knew him until one day some friends came to my office and asked me to appoint ' Rat ' Allen on the force. 'Who the devil is "Rat" Allen.?' I asked. Then they told me. " ' A pretty sort of person that to put on the police force ! ' I said. " ' Try him,' they answered. " ' Now, how can I appoint " Rat " Allen ? Just think of it — "Rat" Allen! What would people say if I appointed "Rat" Allen?'" " My friends urged me to give the poor fellow a chance. " ' Does he drink ? ' " ' Not a drop.' " ' Is he honest ? ' I asked. " ' As the sun, and his word is as good as any man's bond.' " ' Then bring him up.' " They brought him up and I directed that he should be taken out to the pump and washed. Two officers scrubbed him from top to toe. Then I gave him some money and told him to go and buy a suit of clothes. When he came back I gave him his star and assigned him to the second district. I began to inquire about him and went over his beat at night. He gave universal satisfaction, and in three or four months I promoted him to be sergeant. He was the best officer on the force without exception. He broke up the Carroll Hose company — a tough gang they were. They went out one Sunday morning and began a riot. ' Rat ' Allen and his men went out too. The Carroll Hose never went out again. They abandoned their hose and ' Rat ' carried it off the field as a trophy. " Poor fellow ! his loyalty cost him his life. A big fire took place on Chestnut Street, just above Third. The second or third story was occupied by a firm of jewellers and there was a great deal of silverware in the place. ' Rat ' came on the scene with his squad and had the silverware removed, most of it with his own hands, and not a pennyweight was missing. He stood in the doorway and allowed no one to enter. The crowd, anxious for plunder, tried to press past him, but there he stood with the water pouring down on him. He was loyal to his duty, but he caught J 12 THE PHILADELPHIA POLICE, a cold and died of consumption. The regret of my life is that I did not go to his funeral. I never saw another ' Rat' Allen." The fire and police-alarm telegraph was put into successful operation during this administration. The plant had already been introduced. Among the operators appointed by the Mayor was David R. Walker, present chief of the Electrical Department, as it is now called, and George Handy Smith, State Senator. This was the first introduction of the telegraph in Philadelphia, and it excited great won- der. Among those who came to see it was Mayor Swan, of Baltimore, afterwards Governor of Mary- land. He could not believe the truth of what he had been told, and was only convinced by telegraph- ing to the sergeant at Frankfort, five miles from the Central Station, "Have you had your dinner?" The answer was returned, " No ; it is not yet my dinner hour." The original rules formulated by Mr. Vaux have perished. Some of them have been already printed. Among the others was one requiring each officer to carry a book and note his location at certain times, so that it was possible to tell the movements of each man while on duty. The roll was called not by the sergeant whose squad was coming in, but by the sergeant who was going on duty, in order to prevent any collusion. There were three reliefs be- tween sundown and sunrise. The first squad was on beat between six and ten o'clock, the second between ten and two and the third between two and six. The men were under directions to deal vigorously with desperadoes, and the knowledge of this getting abroad caused criminals to keep clear of " Dick PAST AND PRESENT. H^ Vaux's police." The Mayor was especially proud of his Reserves, his police detectives, and the sys- tem of drilling, and when Mayor Henry left office he told Mr, Vaux that he " had never to change the crossing of a t or the dotting of an i," in the regula- tions of the police system as he found them. The administration of Mayor Vaux was not conducted strictly on party principles, and was marked through- out with that vigor so characteristic of the man. Adverse criticism of his police was not wanting. His men were chosen with an eye to the rough ele- ment with which they had to deal, and some of his officers were, perhaps, rather rough themselves. On leaviftg office, the Mayor impressed upon his men his confidence in them and his entire satisfac- tion. In an address he declared that they had done their duty well, and that the prejudices against them were the result of political calumny. 8 J THE PUILADELPHIA POLICE, CHAPTER V. TuE First Two Republican Mayors. (1858— 1868.) MAYOR HENRY HESET BY OFFICE-SEEKERS.— THE RE- SERVES UNIFORMED.— ESTABLISHMENT OF THE DE- TECTIVE FORCE.— CHIEF WOOD'S EFFICIENCY.— THE WHOLE DEPARTMENT UNIFORMED. — RIVER AND HAR- BOR POLICE ORGANIZED WITH TWO BOATS' CREWS.— WAR DUTY IN HARRISBURG. — OFFICE OF FIRE MAR- SHAL CREATED.— MAYOR HENRY'S LIFE AND SER- VICES. — PROVISION FOR DISABLED SOLDIERS. — THE OFFENCE OF " CORNER LOUNGING."— NEW POLICE DISTRICTS. At the May election in 1858, Alexander Henry was elected Mayor of Philadelphia, by the new-born Republican party. His first month of office was not a happy one. No sooner had he taken his place than his supporters made clamorous demands for ap- pointments on his police force. It is related that during the first four weeks of his administration there were days when his office was so crowded with importunate applicants for the star that it was almost impossible to force an entrance to his presence. He retained as his Chief of Police, Samuel G. Ruggles. In October, 1858, the Reserve Corps was put in uniform. The efficiency of the Reserves was pro- moted by their distinctive dress and military appear- ance, which enabled its members to be easily recog- PAST AND PRESENT. jj^ nized when their services were needed, and " impart- ing to them that semblance of authority which is never without its due influence in the enforcement of the law." Mayor Henry, in his first annual message to Coun- cils, reviewing his first year's administration, urged upon that body the importance of a change in the mode of organization of the police force. He had adopted a system of requiring all applicants for , police appointments to undergo an examination by the Chief of Police and his lieutenants, so that a more reliable estimate of their personal qualifications could be obtained. The police arrangements, as he found them, and the general efficiency of the force, he thought compared favorably with those of any preceding period since the consolidation of the city, but after a careful examination of the then existing system, he found many defects, he thought, which could be remedied or lessened by action of Councils. He asked for the formation of a police board, con- sisting of four or more experienced citizens, of which the Mayor should be ex-officio president. He recom- mended that all appointments to the higher grades should be made from those who had served a pre- scribed term in the rank next subordinate, thus hold- ing out to every officer a constant inducement for zeal and diligence in the performance of duty. He complained that the number of men allowed by Coun- cils for the police force was inadequate. In 1855 the number of miles of streets and alleys under police supervision was computed to be six hundred, while in 1859 there were 739 miles, an increase of nearly twenty-five per cent. Within the same time, more jjg THE PHILADELPHIA POLICE, than six thousand buildings had been erected in the city. There were thus added over one hundred miles of "beats " to be traversed by the police. To cover this ground there was a general force of 650 officers. From this number eighteen men had been detailed as turnkeys of the several station-houses, and thirty-five others for the management of the Police and Fire-Alarm Telegraph. By the subtrac- tion of this number with the allowance of fourteen for sick and absent, but 583 officers were left for active duty. One hundred and twenty-three were in service during the day, and 460 composed the patrol at night. Of the night force only one half were em- ployed at the same hour, and thus 230 men were charged with the supervision and protection of dwell- ings, warehouses and other property along the ex- tent of 739 miles. The rural wards were practically without police protection.' Mayor Henry did not entirely approve of the pre- ventive system of police, which he thought must be impracticable with the large area included within the city. He said : " At present, the utmost zeal and vigilance cannot enable a single policeman to watch effectually over persons and property throughout the limits of a beat extending for one or more miles in length. The fear of discovery in the actual perpetration of crime, may, in some measure, deter its attempt ; but the certainty of detec- tion and punishment will operate with greater power. The expe- rience of every one conversant with police details, abundantly proves that crime against property, especially in large communities, is a systematized pursuit. It is seldom that the offences of burglary, pocket-picking, thieving and counterfeiting are committed, except by adepts, constantly associating with each other, and well ac- quainted with facilities for the disposal of their gains." PAST AND PRESENT. U- He called attention to the need of a new, organized detective system, in which the force was singularly deficient. The entire detective aid under the or- dinance regulating the police department consisted of four special ofificers, a number altogether inade- quate to the duties which they were designed to per- form. It was customary to employ in this service, also, at least four of the high constables, and others selected from the general force for their particular fitness. The Mayor asked for an increase of twelve ofificers for the detective service. He recommended the adoption of an appropriate uniform for the whole force, excepting those employed in detective and special duty. In accordance with the Mayor's suggestion, Coun- cils passed an ordinance (October 20, 1859) organiz- ing the Detective Department of the Police Force of the City of Philadelphia. The ordinance provided for one chief ofificer, to be called " The Chief of the Detectives," and eight subordinates, to be appointed by the Mayor. The chief's salary was fixed at $1000 and that of the subordinates at $700 per annum. Joseph Wood was appointed by Mayor Henry to the ofifice of Chief of Detectives, and was charged with the organization of the department. He was particularly adapted to the performance of his duties. He had been captain and superintendent of the watch under the old system in Spring Garden dis- trict, and as a reporter on the Public Ledger had gained much valuable information of criminals and their systems of working. He filled the ofifice two years. Under him the " Rogues' Gallery " was es- tablished. In those days the portraits of transgres- jj8 the PHILADELPHIA POLICE, sors were not kept under lock and key, withheld from the public gaze as is now done, but were open to the view of any one who wished to satisfy idle curiosity. A number of important convictions of offenders were secured through the means of Chief Wood's rogues' gallery. He opened communications with the differ- ent chiefs in other large cities, and by exchange of information fugitives from justice were captured. Rules and regulations were framed by Chief Wood for the government of his force of eight. It was ar- ranged that one or two men should be on duty at the Central Ofifice continually. All reported at the office in the mornings, when the details for the day were made. The duty of watching the railroad stations and steam-boat landings was an assignment each day. Chief Wood instructed his men to report to him im- mediately the presence in the city of any known crim- inals, when he would send for them and offer the alternative of leaving the city within twenty-four hours or being locked up. They were not slow in choosing the first. Philadelphia was a sort of stop- ping-place for the criminals in transit between New York, Baltimore, Washington and the cities of the West, so that the duty of limiting their stay in this city to the shortest possible duration was not a light one. During Chief Wood's term of office he made a number of important arrests and secured the convic- tion of many notorious offenders. Among them was James Buchanan Cross, the forger, who was sentenced to five years' imprisonment. Cross was one of the most celebrated and expert forgers of his time. Mr. Wood has preserved to this day and ex- PAST AND PRESENT. ng hibits with some satisfaction the gold pen and ebony pen-holder which Cross used in his clever imitations of other men's handwriting. Probably the most important criminal event in which Mr. Wood had a hand while chief of detectives was the " turning up," arrest and conviction of a gang of counterfeiters. They were acknowledged to be the most expert of that day, and even the banks were imposed upon by their spurious notes. Those arrested and sentenced to the penitentiary were " Bill" Cregar and " Bob" Bridley, who were arrested by Chief Wood person- ally, and on each of whom he found $300 of the counterfeit notes; "Si" Bright and Manassas, or " Minnie " Price, as he was called. Six thousand dollars of counterfeit notes on the Western Bank were captured at "Minnie" Price's tavern, Nine- teenth and Perkiomen streets, which was used as headquarters for the gang. Each of these men was sentenced to five years' imprisonment. A lot of letters between the counterfeiters and their customers was captured at the same time. Their mode of correspondence was very ingenious, and to the ordinary mind misleading. An offer to sell a three-year-old colt appears innocent enough until it is ascertained that the term covers a propo- sition to di.spose of a $3 counterfeit note. Chief Wood and his men also had some experi- ence with the notorious Curtis Brothers, burglars. They operated in the city a month or more, and were experts in their line. "Why," said Ex-Chief Wood recently, "they robbed ten or a dozen places before we could turn round and get our eyes open !" They were finally caught, however, put on trial, but J20 THE PHILADELPHIA POLICE, through a technicality escaped punishment. " Hod" Ennis, another celebrated cracksman, was arrested here and returned to Boston for trial, where he was "wanted." So vigorously was the new detective department put in operation against criminals that in his report to Mayor Henry, January 8, 1861, Chief Wood was enabled to state that ; •• A large number of important arrests have been made, and a very considerable amount of stolen property recovered and restored to the owners. " Fortunately for the interest of our citizens, there have been (during the past twelve months) but few very heavy robberies, and even those are quite unimportant, and sink into insignificance when compared with the depredations committed against property in some of our sister cities." He referred to the promptness of arrest and con- viction of a number of burglars during the year. Speaking of the conviction of the forger Cross he said : " A number of successful forgeries upon several of our banks were committed, and with a few exceptions the perpetrators suc- ceeded in escaping detection. The conviction of J. Buchanan Cross may be noted as one of the most important that has occurred for many years. In his case, this Department may take to itself no small degree of credit, when it is known that he had for so many years baffled the ingenuity and vigilance of the police of portions of Europe, and of several cities in the United States." It was not long before it came to be considered that Philadelphia was a good place " to keep away from," among professional criminals. For the year i860 the whole number of arrests by the detective department was four hundred and eighty-one, and the value of stolen property recovered, $25,686. PAST AND PRESENT. I2i Mr. Wood remained Chief of Detectives until November i, 1861. Upon resigning the office, Mayor Henry sent the retiring chief a letter, in which he said : " In receiving your resignation as Chief of the Detective Force from the end of the current month, which you have offered me, I cannot permit our official connection to close without expressing my sense of the important services rendered by you in that position. In the establishment of the Detective Department I asked you, unsolicited on your part, to assume its charge, and thus devolved upon you its organization in a great measure, a duty which was skilfully and acceptably performed. " The force under your direction has, from peculiar causes, pre- sented immense, perhaps insurmountable difficulties in its manage- ment, but through all the trying circumstances in which you have thus been placed, I have never ceased to repose implicit confi- dence in your integrity and zeal. With warm wishes for your future welfare, I am, very respectfully, " Alexander Henry." Ex-Chief Wood, who is now over eighty years of age, and a well preserved old gentleman, can prob- ably write Ex before more titles to offices which he has held in Philadelphia than any other man in the city. For many years he was a reporter on the Public Ledger. He can properly prefix to his name any of the following titles : Ex-Captain of the watch of the old Spring Garden district, in 1 830-1 831, Ex-Secretary of the old Penn district, Ex-Superin- tendent of the Watch, Ex-Chief of Detectives, Ex- Assessor of Taxes, Ex-Collector of Delinquent Taxes, Ex-Clerk of County Board, Ex-Superintend- ent of Paving, Ex-Member of the Board of Health, Ex-Superintendent of Detectives United States Treasury, and Ex-Register of Wills. He figured 122 THE PHILADELPHIA POLICE. prominently in the movement for the adoption of the system of public education. In 1859 the system of appointing substitutes, or "subs," as they have come to be called, was estab- lished. The Councils, by ordinance (April 29), em- powered the Mayor to appoint a number of substi- tutes to act in cases of temporary absence of police officers from duty, but who should be paid only for the time or service actually performed by them. Under the provisions of this ordinance Mayor Henry appointed thirty-four substitutes, who were distributed among the several police districts. He made it a rule after the adoption of this system to make appointments to the regular force from those who had previously served as substitutes. By degrees the repugnance manifested by the members of the police to being put in uniform was in a measure overcome. The fine appearance of the Reserves, who had assumed such a dress in 1858, had operated largely to accomplish this, and in November, i860, the whole force, excepting the turnkeys and telegraph operators, appeared in full uniform. It was secured at the individual expense of the men, but shortly thereafter an increase in pay was made by Councils to cover the expense of clothing. By the terms of the ordinance, the salaries of the Chief of Police, the four High Constables not en- gaged in detective duty, the lieutenants and ser- geants of police, and all policemen except those em- ployed as telegraph operators or turnkeys, were increased fifty dollars, " in consideration whereof they shall at all times be uniformed," as the Mayor PAST AND PRESENT. 123 might direct. This might or might not be consid- ered in the nature of a peace-offering to the policemen in consideration of their consent to be uniformed at all. The uniform consisted of gray trousers, with black stripes, similar to those now worn by the carriers in the postal service, single- breasted blue frock coats with brass buttons, and the old style cap with the brcfad top and leathern visor, known as the "Scott Legion" cap. Early in 1 86 1 a new badge was adopted and the mace car- ried in the belt as a part of the equipment. This remained the uniform until Mayor Stokley's first term, when he ordered the force to discard the gray trousers and adopt blue ones, so as to make the suits a uniform color. There were individual members of the force, how- ever, who were not proud of their new clothes, and there were not a few who, for a time, starting out on their beat, fully uniformed, would take advantage of the earliest opportunity to repair to their homes and don civilian's dress. This dress would be again ex- changed for the uniform as the hour for reporting at the station-house approached. By the same ordinance providing for the increase of salaries, the first Harbor Police was created. The Mayor was empowered to appoint cme lieutenant of police and ten patrolmen in addition to the then police force, who should constitute the River and Harbor Police. They were divided into two boats' crews, and their duties were prescribed by the Mayor. At this time, to equalize the services of the differ- ent officers, the plan of detailing only a part of 124 "^"^ PHILADELPHIA POLICE, them for day duty was abandoned, and the regular alternation of day and night service substituted throughout the force. A system of posts, at which officers were stationed, was established in localities from which the largest supervision of the city could be exercised, and near of access in any emergency. This system replaced the former day patrol. Mayor Henry, in each succeeding message to Councils, called attention to the inadequate number of officers to perform the duty expected of them. Although the city was rapidly growing in extent and population, still the force was not materially increased. The drill and discipline of the men rendered it competent and reliable in any emergency where its co-operative power should be needed, but its numbers were not sufficient to offer reasonable protection to persons and property in the districts which had been recently built up. In 1864 the Mayor asked Councils for the authority to appoint one hundred additional policemen. At the time of the invasion of the State in 1863, by the Confederate forces under General Lee, a Military Police Company was organized under the title of the " Henry Guards." The company pro- ceeded to Harrisburg, and were on duty during the excitement attending the emergency. Their pro- ficiency in drill, services and good behavior reflected credit on themselves and the Police Force of Phila- delphia. In 1864 the office of Fire Marshal was estab- lished. While the functions of that office had been exercised by Alexander W. Blackburn, the title, previous to that time, had been merely one of PAST AND PRESENT. 12 r courtesy. Mr. Henry's third and last term as Mayor of Philadelphia, expired December 31, 1865. He was succeeded by Morton McMichael, who was inaugurated January i, 1866. Mayor Alexander Henry was born in Philadelphia, April 14, 1823. He was a son of John Henry and a grandson of Alexander Henry, who, in his time, was a most prominent and honored citizen. Mr. Henry graduated with distinguished honors from Princeton College. He was admitted to the bar April 13, 1844. In 1856 and 1857 he represented the Seventh Ward in Councils. In 1858, nominated as the standard-bearer of the People's party, com- posed of Whigs and Republicans, he was elected Mayor. He was re-elected in i860, and again in 1863. He declined a re-nomirration in 1866, taking the ground that it was wrong for one man to serve in such a position too many terms. He managed the city affairs during the Civil War with great abil- ity, and under his administration the efficiency of the police force was raised to a high standard. The Re- serve Corps was especially developed into a very effective branch of the service. At various times he held many other public and semi-public positions of trust and honor. He died on December 6, 1883. As a mark of respect on his death, the flags on In- dependence Hall, the Mayor's office, and a number of business establishments were placed at half-mast. Mayor King sent a message to Councils, notifying them of the death of the Ex-Mayor, and expressing his high appreciation of his predecessor's character. Resolutions of respect were passed by both Cham- J26 THE PHILADELPHIA POLICE, bers, and a joint committee appointed to make ar- rangements for attending the funeral. It was one of the cardinal principles of Mayor Henry's administrations that members of the police force should be retained during good behavior, with- out liability to removal for their political opinions. He regarded it as a matter of great importance not only to the maintenance of an effective police force, but to the welfare of the community. Several bills to that end were prepared by him and submitted to the Legislature. Samuel G. Ruggles, the efficient Chief of Police for so many years, was continued in his office by Mayor McMichael, also a Republican incumbent. When the new Mayor took his seat the effective force of police consisted of 843 men, including the Chief and other officers. On January i, 1866, the Schuyl- kill River and Harbor police went into operation, their field of duty being the Schuylkill River and vi- cinity. After one year's service of this new branch of the force Mayor McMichael referred to it in the following language : "The concurrent testimony of the officers of the Schuylkill Navigation Company, and of the property owners generally near the banks of the stream, as well as those whose business requires them to occupy its waters, in addition to the increased security given to the public works and grounds, sufficiently attest the value of this organization." Mayor McMichael, early in his administration, took up the cry for " more men," the necessity of which his predecessor in office had iterated and re- iterated time and again. New York City then had eighteen hundred patrolmen, while Philadelphia had PAST AND PRESENT. 127 but seven hundred, although it covered a vastly larger territorial area, and embraced some thirty thousand more houses than the former city. It was not pretended that the patrol force of New York was beyond the needs of that city, so that it had to be" admitted that the patrol force of Philadelphia fell far below what was required. The Mayor not only found that the number of the force was inade- quate, but that in many respects the geographical arrangement of the police districts was objectiona- ble. " It would be superfluous to argue the mani- fest proposition," he said in his first annual message, " that a station-house should be as nearly as possible in the centre of the area traversed by the officers, for whose accommodation it is intended. Every motive of convenience, economy and efficiency requires this. . . . The public interests suffer from this cause, and it ought to be removed." He asked Councils for authority to re-arrange the boundaries of the police districts so as to secure the location of the station-house in each, as near its geo- graphical centre as practicable. This authority was given, but before any change was made it was pro- vided that the Police Committee of Councils should sanction the same. Wounded and disabled soldiers were made eligible to appointment on the Police Force by ordinance of Councils in 1866. The Mayor was authorized to appoint them, not to exceed two for each station- house, to be detailed as telegraph operators and turnkeys. They received the same pay as other officers. The total number of arrests made by the police in 1866 was 43,985, which included 565 made by the ,jg THE PHILADELPHIA POLICE, detectives and 194 by the High Constables. This was an increase of over 4000 over the preceding year. In reporting these figures to Councils, Mayor McMichael referred to the greatly increased number of offenders arrested under the technical charge of "corner lounging." In the year 1864 there were two hundred and one, and in 1865 three hundred and sixty-two prisoners entered on the books of the station-houses for this offence, while in 1866 the arrests were 715. This increase was due, said the Mayor, " to the fact that unusual efforts have been made to disperse the crowds of idle men and boys who gather at street corners and other places on the public highways, and insult and annoy the neighbors and passers-by. In all large towns this is a common nuisance, but in some parts of Philadelphia it had assumed such proportions that I determined, at least, to try to abate it." He issued stringent orders to his officers not to per- mit its continuance, and when the offenders were not disposed to comply with the command " to move on " they were arrested and punished. During the second year of Mayor McMichael's ad- ministration he rearranged the police districts ; two new districts were established, making a consequent slight increase of the force. That portion of the city lying between Gunner's Run and Frankford Creek, and extending from the Delaware to the rail- road and the Germantown road respectively, em- bracing portions of the Eighteenth and Nineteenth wards, and the whole of the Twenty-fifth Ward, was organized into the Eighteenth Police District. The station-house was located in the old Richmond Hall at Clearfield and Amber streets. This section of PAST AND PRESENT. 129 the city was greatly benefited by the extension of police protection to it. In some parts it was occu- pied by a dense population, which for want of suit- able restraint was formerly unruly and troublesome, and in other parts, the population being sparsely dis- tributed, was without sufficient protection. Both these evils were to a great extent remedied. As a consequence, improvements on a large scale were made ; new streets were opened, mills and factories and substantial dwellings sprang up, and in a few years a busy, intelligent mass of people engaged in the industrial arts filled that part of the city, which has since become the location of many of our prin- cipal manufactories. The Seventeenth Police District was organized the same year. To supply this new district with lieu- tenants, sergeants, telegraph operator^, turnkeys and patrolmen, a redistribution of the force was made and twenty new men were appointed. The number of arrests during the year was 43,506, which included 444 made by the detective department and 102 by the high constables. The police and fire-alarm telegraph was raised to the dignity of a department of the city in 1868. The ordinance creating it provided for a superin- tendent who should have the care and management of the police and fire-alarm telegraph and of all per- sons employed under the department. This action did not affect the Mayor or his police, however, as he was given full and unlimited control over the tel- egraph wires for the transmission of messages for municipal purposes. The following year the superin- tendent was given authority to connect any bank or 9 1,0 THE PHILADELPHIA POLICE, Other institution with the Central Office by telegraph for the purpose of giving an instantaneous alarm in case of any emergency. The institutions were re- quired to pay the cost of making the connection. Mayor McMichael's term expired in October, 1868. He was born in Burlington County, New Jersey, on the 2d of October, 1807. His family moved to Phil- adelphia when he was quite young, and his college training was had at the University of Pennsylvania. He subsequently read law with David Paul Brown and was admitted to the bar in 1827. Prior to that date, however, his inclinations led him into literary pursuits, and at a very early age he began that jour- nalistic career which lasted until his death, in Janu- ary, 1879, ^"d which in its scope and achievement has never been excelled in Philadelphia. In 1826 he succeeded T. Cottrell Clarke as editor of the Sat- urday Evening Post, a journal established in 1821 as an outgrowth of Benjamin F"ranklin's Pennsylvania Gazette, which was originally published in 1728. In 1831 Mr. McMichael became editor-in-chief of the Saturday Courier, and in 1836 became associated with Louis A. Godey and Joseph C. Neal in the publication of the Saturday News. He was connected as editor with the Saturday Gazette in 1844. ^" 1847 he became associated with George R. Graham in the ownership of the North American. In 1854 Mr. McMichael became sole proprietor of the paper. For over fifty years ac- tively employed in journalism, there was no move- ment on foot for the public good, or for the honor and welfare of the city, which had not Mr. McMichael's powerful advocacy and support. No PAST AND PRESENT. 131 one contributed more largely than he to carrying forward the public school system, consolidating the city, creating the Park, and a score of other munici- pal measures of great importance. While a young man he served for some years as an alderman of the city. In 1843 to 1846 he was high sheriff, displaying eminent courage in combating the anti-Catholic riots of 1844. He was mayor from January i, 1866, to December 31, 1868. In 1867, upon organization of the Park Commission, he was chosen president of that body, a position he held up to the time of his death. In 1873 he was appointed a delegate-at-large to the Fourth Constitutional Convention of Pennsylvania, to fill the vacancy caused by the death of William M. Meredith, 132 THE PHILADELPHIA POLICE, CHAPTER VI. The Days of " Fox's Police." THE RELIGIOUS ISSUE IN THE CAMPAIGN OF 1868. — RESIG- NATION AND DEATH OF CHIEF KUGGLES.— MAYOR fox's RECEPTION TO GENERAL GRANT.— EXCITEMENT OVER ABOLITION OF THE VOLUNTEER FIRE DEPART- MENT.— THE PERIL OF THE ENGINE-HOUSE. — REOR- GANIZATION OF THE DEMORALIZED DETECTIVE FORCE UNDER CHIEF MULHOLLAND.— THE FOUR CAPTAIN- CIES CREATED. — THE FORCE AT LAST INCREASED. — GENERAL MULHOLLAND'S DEFENCE OF THE ADMIN- ISTRATION. Religious issues were injected into the campaign of 1868, and with success by the party raising them. The town was placarded with attacks upon General Hector Tyndale and his liberal opinions, and in con- sequence Daniel M. Fox, the Democratic candidate, was elected Mayor, the whole city ticket going in with him, although the rest of it was quickly ejected. With the retirement of Mayor McMichael on the expiration of his term ended the ofificial career of Chief of Police Samuel G. Ruggles, who for so many years, and under different administrations, had so ably filled that office. For several months before the end of Mayor McMichael's term. Chief Ruggles had been ill and unable to attend to his duties. Upon the election of Mr. Fox, he tendered his resignation to Mayor McMichael, to take effect at the end of the PAST AND PRESENT. 133 year and that Mayor's term of ofifice. He never fully recovered from this illness, and several months after Mayor Fox's inauguration, the veteran Chief of Police died. Originally appointed by Mayor Vaux on the ex- piration of Marshal Murphy's term, and the discon- tinuance of the office of Marshal, he became the first Chief of Police in the consolidated city. He served through Mayor Vaux's term, who never had any reason to regret his impromptu choice of his lieutenant. He served with equal satisfaction through the three terms of Mayor Henry, and under Mayor McMichael. On him, as first Chief of Police, the duty of organizing and putting into effective working order the large body of men under him, chiefly devolved. On every occasion he showed himself fully equal to the demands of an emergency, and worthy of the trust and confidence reposed in him. In the last year of his service as chief, he spoke of the force under him in these terms : " The Police Force is in an excellent state of efficiency and dis- cipline, as the report of their work will show. They will compare favorably with any similar body of men, and I am indebted to the Lieutenants for their close attention to duty and obedience to orders, and for their assistance and co-operation with me in direct- ing the police operations of the city. The Detective Department has also been an efficient ally ; its assistance has been thorough and valuable. To the Chief of that Department, to the Fire Mar- shal, and to the individual members of the force, I desire to return my thanks." The term of the gentleman who succeeded Chief Ruggles' superior extended from January, 1869, to January, 1872. Mr. Fox was nominated three times before he finally succeeded in securing election. He 134 THE PHILADELPHIA POLICE, was in his fiftieth year when he became Chief Magis- trate of the city, having been born June 16, 1819, in Philadelphia. His ancestors were among the earlier settlers in Pennsylvania. His maternal grandfather, Daniel Miller, was one of the sturdiest veterans of the War of Independence. He was with Washing- ton at Germantown, New Brunswick, N, J., High- lands, N. Y., and Valley Forge, Pa., and witnessed the surrender of Cornwallis at Yorktown. After the war, the grandfather of the future Mayor settled down in the old district of the Northern Liberties. There Mr. Fox's parents were born, and a generation later he was himself brought into the world. Daniel received a very good education, and at the age of 16 began the study of conveyancing, and after he had been graduated entered business for himself. It was not until six years after he was Mayor that he be- carne a lawyer. At the age of 59 he finished his legal studies in the office of his son, who had been already admitted to the bar. Early in life Mr. Fox took an active part in poli- tics, and had barely attained his majority when he was chosen School Director. He presided over the Board for several years. He also represented the district in the Board of Health for nine years, and prior to the constitution of the Board of City Trusts, was elected a Director of Girard College by Coun- cils. In 1859 he was elected to Councils from the Twelfth Ward. He retired in 1862, declining a re- nomination. That year Alexander Henry was nom- inated for a third term by the Republicans, and the Democrats unanimously chose Mr. Fox as their standard-bearer. He was defeated by 5088 votes PAST AND PltESENT. 135 In 1865 Morton McMichael was the Republican nominee for Mayor, and again Mr. Fox was on the Democratic ticket. He was again defeated, this time by 6935 votes. Mr. Fox was finally victorious over General Tyndale by a majority of 1848. The result was contested on the ground of corrupt prac- tices, and the courts decided against the whole Dem- ocratic ticket, excepting its head alone. Mayor Fox was inaugurated January i, 1869, and his first ofiicial act was to tender a reception to Gen- eral Grant, the President-elect. The tender was ac- cepted and the reception was held in Independence Hall. This action was commented on at the time very favorably, as the Mayor was of a different polit- ical faith from Grant, and his predecessor had refused to offer a reception to President Johnson. General Grant subsequently showed his appreciation of the courtesy. In 1876 Congress empowered the Presi- dent to appoint three commissioners to adjust the differences between the railroads carrying mails and the Government of the United States. Mr. Fox was honored by the President with an appointment on this Commission. The other commissioners were Hon. Frank Palmer, of Illinois, and Hon. Gardner Hubbard, of Massachusetts. During their investigation, which extended over three years, the Commission travelled over 29,000 miles. In their report they recommended a basis of remuneration for carrying the mails which was satisfactory to both Congress and the railroad companies. The most important occurrence during Mayor Fox's term was the abolition of the old volunteer fire department. The ordinance for the erection 1-5 THE PHILADELPHIA POLICE, of a paid fire department was passed December 29, 1870, after a series of hot debates. The old vol- unteers were a power in politics, but their acts of violence and incendiarism made it imperative in the opinion of a majority of citizens that they should be superseded. The passage of the ordinance caused a sensation because it was not believed that Councils would dare to abolish the volunteers. Feeling ran high. The firemen held meeting after meeting in their engine-houses. All attention was directed to- wards the Mayor. Would he sign the ordinance and make it a law ? He had ten days in which to consider the bill. He was known to favor it ; but day after day passed and he took no action. Mean- while he was not asleep. He had perfected po- lice arrangements whereby the whole force could be called out at once on the ■ outbreak of any violence, and the excitement was so great that the rowdy element and the firemen were expected to sally forth at any moment. There were two or three isolated outrages, but no general riot. The ten days drew towards a close and the excitement became less intense every day. It was with this object in view that the Mayor delayed signing the ordinance. He waited until the last day before putting his signature to the bill. The volunteers had become in a degree reconciled to the measure, and some of them hoped to resume work with engine, hook and ladder under the new system. Nevertheless, the firemen, before vacating their houses forever, burned effigies of the Mayor. There is one party of the old volunteers who hold Mr. Fox in high esteem, however. At the great fire PAST AND PRESENT. 137 in Newhall, Borie & Co.'s sugar refinery, which stood at the corner of Race and Crown streets, the Hves of a number of the volunteers were endangered through their own stubbornness, and only saved through determined action on the part of the Mayor. The engine-house of the refinery»was a single story building facing on Crown Street ; over it was a pro- jection five or six stories in height containing the hoisting apparatus and other machinery of great weight. About a score of the firemen took up a po- sition on the roof of the engine-house and directed a stream of water against the main building. Un- known to them the flames were rapidly eating their way to the machinery in the projection over them. The Mayor made it a point to attend all important fires, and frequently his vigilance at great conflagra- tions resulted in the detection of gangs of thieves who operated in the uniform of the firemen. On this occasion he observed the danger which threat- ened the men. It was evident to him that the ma- chinery would soon be reached, and the projection fall. A serious disaster would be the consequence unless the men removed. The Mayor sent the Chief of Police to inform them of their danger, and endeavored, to induce them to retire from their perilous position. They angrily declared they would occupy whatever place they pleased, and said the Mayor should mind his own business as he had no authority over them. The Mayor saw that prompt and deci- sive action was necessary if the lives of the men were not to be sacrificed. He ordered Chief Mulholland to drive the headstrong fellows from the roof by force. All the policemen in the neighborhood of 138 THE PHILADELPHIA POLICE, the fire were collected and they charged the volun- teers, who were routed with some difficulty and came clamoring around the Mayor, demanding to- know by what authority he had interfered with them, ex- ecrating and threatening him with personal violence. " Wait five minuses and I will give you an answer," said Mr. Fox, quietly. A moment later the projection with all the heavy machinery fell, crushing the engine-house. The men who a moment before had reviled the Mayor were silent for a moment, then they gathered around him and gave three prolonged and hearty cheers for Daniel M. Fox. During the administration, the movement which resulted in the Centennial Exhibition was inaugu- rated, and Mayor Fox was conspicuous in forward- ing it. He appeared before a Congressional com- mittee and advocated the project. He was one of the directors of the Exhibition. He inaugurated many subscription lists for charitable purposes, in- cluding one for the relief of the sufferers by the great Chicago fire, and another for the relief of the sufferers on both sides by the Franco-Prussian war. At the expiration of his term he refused a re-nomi- nation and began his legal studies. He was given a banquet in the Academy of Music, and both branches of Councils passed resolutions acknowledg- ing the efficiency of his administration, Mr. Fox surrounded himself with a police force mainly drawn from the ranks of those in political sympathy with him. General St. Clair A. Mulhol- land, who has since made a good reputation as an artist in Paris, was his Chief of Police. He was an PAST AND PRESENT. l^g excellent organizer and disciplinarian, and it is on account of the system of discipline introduced and since continued that the administration is of impor- tance in the history of the Philadelphia police force. Reviewing his administration now, those who partially, as political partisans, severely criti- cized Mr. Fox during his incumbency are willing to admit that he was an energetic executive, and that if some of his raw policemen had their heads turned by the consciousness of their little brief authority, crime was suppressed, and on the whole, the ad- ministration was an efificient one. A very important change in the Detective De- partment was effected in June, 1868. Prior to that time this branch of the police had existed as a dis- tinct department. The officers were responsible only to their chief. In addition to the trouble which was certain to result from such a conflict of author- ity, the system had to some extent fallen into dis- repute. The detectives were in the habit of dis- charging prisoners from custody without the formal- ity of taking them before a magistrate, and even after they had been committed. A change was seen to be necessary, and on June 24, 1869, Mayor Fox sent a communication to Councils notifying them of the reorganization of the Detective Department, and placing it entirely under the superintendency of the Chief of Police. " Experience has demanded the necessity of a change," he said, " and it has seemed to me that the incorporation of the detective with the other police force and its subjection to one authority, to- gether with specific regulations for performance of duties, will I40 THE PHILADELPHIA POLICE, promote the efficiency of all branches, while public opinion will be better satisfied than by a continuance of the present system, which has unquestionably fallen into some disrepute." The general order of Chief of Police MulhoUand, carrying into effect this change, provided that "The Chief of the Detective Department shall report daily in writing to the Chief of Police all matters occurring in his depart- ment on the preceding day, including full information of ofiEences and arrests and the circumstances attending each case. "No person arrested shall be discharged except by order of the Mayor or the Committing Magistrate, nor shall the custody of any prisoner be changed unless by their order or that of the Chief of Police. " No rewards or gratuities whatever) whether money or other valuables, shall be received by-any officer except by express per- mission of the Mayor, and all tenders of rewards and gratuities shall be promptly reported to the Mayor. " All stolen or other property received shall be returned as speedily as practicable to the proper owner, except where by law the same is to be delivered to the clerk of the courts of Oyer and Terminer and Quarter Sessions, the same in all cases to be done only by the Chief of Police, a receipt therefor to be taken in a book to be kept for that purpose." The efficiency of the department was greatly increased by these changes. The present office quarters of the Chief of Police were assigned Chief MulhoUand on the request of the Mayor in 1869. Prior to that the chief had been without a separate office. The Mayor himself kept a private Rogues' Gallery, and two years after leaving office was enabled to detect a pickpocket on a street-car and have him arrested. The force paraded in Logan Square, June 8, 1870. After Mayor Fox had been in office for one year, it is not surprising to learn, in face of the ruling com- PAST AND PRESENT. 141 plaint of his predecessors, that the burden of his first annual communication to Councils concerning the police department was the inadequate force at his disposal. Had the current slang word " chestnut" been coined in those days, the members of Councils would have been sorely tempted to its use when that portion of his Honor's message was read to them. Chief of Police Mulholland, shortly after assum- ing the ofifice, made an inspection of the department, and reported to the Mayor that many of the station- houses were greatly out of repair, and filthy beyond measure. The chief at once commenced the work of renovation and repair, and with the very limited means at his disposal succeeded in greatly improving them. He reported that the Third, Fourth, Fifth and Eighth district station-houses were a disgrace to the city. The cells of the Third, Fourth and Eighth districts were almost devoid of ventilation, while those of the Fifth District were below ground. "In my opinion," he said, " if the Board of Health should visit some of these station-houses they would order them closed." Chief Mulholland had occasion to speak of the social evil in the performance of his duty, in the following words : " Persistent efforts have been made to abate the nuisance of street-walking, but we have been but partially successful. Our Committing Magistrate, under the laws, can but simply exact from the offenders a trifling fine, which is promptly paid, and they are allowed to depart to repeat the offence. The great evil of prosti- tution can only be held in check by some wise legislative action, and suitable laws should be enacted to govern this unfortunate class. That spirit of hesitating morality that drives the subject from our legislative halls and seeks to ignore its presence j^2 THE PHILADELPHIA POLICE, is a questionable one. We have reason to believe, that in some large cities the fact of these poor creatures being placed under police surveillance is, in a great measure, under present circum- stances, beneficial. We cannot eradicate the evil ; we cannot even banish it from our midst ; but judicious legislative action might mitigate, and, to a degree, remove some of its most repul- sive features.'' Chief Mulholland recommended that the office of high constable be changed, and instead of having seven of these officers doing duty as high constables, and confining them to looking after violations of or- dinances, have three additional detectives and four inspectors of police. This change, he thought, would add efficiency to the force without increasing the expense. He advocated this change with a view of dividing the police districts into four inspection divisions, and placing an inspector in charge of each, with authority superior to that of the lieutenants, holding them responsible for the discipline of the force and the enforcement of the ordinances in their respective divisions. Both of these suggestions of Chief Mulholland were subsequently carried out ; the new officers were, however, called captains instead of inspectors. Fre- quent and just complaints were made by the citizens of the paucity of the police force, and, said the chief, the attempt to properly cover and guard the vast area embraced in the built-up portion of the city seemed absurd. Philadelphia had but one police officer to every iocxd inhabitants, while New York had one to every 500, and Boston one to every 600 inhabitants. To illustrate the insufficiency of the force : the average length of the day beats in the First District were thirty-seven squares, and the PAST AND PRESENT. 143 night beats twenty-one squares. In the Eleventh District the day beats ran up to seventy-five squares and the night to thirty-seven squares. There were some below these figures in the densely populated parts of the city In commenting on these facts, Chief Mulholland said : " We must feel astonished that crime is not more prevalent. It can only be the sterling excellence of our citizens that prevents us from being overrun with outlaws, and which makes our city one of the safest and most orderly in the Union." The whole number of arrests made by the depart- ment in 1869 was 58,794, the greater portion being for drunkenness and disorderly conduct ; those for the higher grades of crime were comparatively few. Mayor Fox recommended to Councils the organiza- tion of a mounted police for some of the rural dis- tricts. He also recommended the purchase of a steam police tug for use by the harbor police. " The importance of both the Schuylkill and Dela- ware harbor police increases," he said, " and in view of the immense amount of valuable property lo- cated on and in the neighborhood of the Delaware River front, and the necessity for increased facilities to enable that branch of the police to successfully prosecute its duties, I recommend the purchase of a steam police tug, to supply the place of row boats. It is impossible to cover and guard the great distance and length of the built-up portions of the city on the Delaware River front with but two row boats, and there are other reasons for sug- gesting a change. Such a police tug should, besides the ordi- nary propelling power, be furnished with a steam fire-engine, capable of throwing four heavy streams of water in case of fire to shipping or to-buildings in or near Delaware Avenue, and should have power, with attachments at the side of the hull, for pumping out sunken or leaky vessels. It should have a secure apartment on board for prisoners, and sleeping and living apartments for offi- ,44 THE PHILADELPHIA POLICE, cers and crew ; it should also carry two boats — one a cutter and the other a small, light skiff, and a full set of life-preservers Especially in view of the purchase of land in the upper end of the Twenty-third Ward, for the purpose of erecting a House of Correc- tion thereon — in that connection alone such a steamer becomes an absolute necessity, and I therefore recommend the passage of an ordinance, making an appropriation for the purpose." These plans and recommendations were carried out almost in their entirety, afterwards, in the con- struction of the police boat William S. Stokley. Of the old station-houses complained of by Chief Mulholland as being unfit for use, in 1869, only one, the Fifth Police District, was replaced by a new edifice in 1870. The new station-house was located on the site of the old one at Fifteenth and Brighton streets, and from its handsome appearance, instead of being regarded as a nuisance to the neighbor- hood, as the old one was, was looked upon as an ornament. Mayor Fox recommended that the rest of the unsightly and dilapidated buildings then used as station-houses be removed and new ones of like suitable convenience and neat appearance erected in their stead, which would conduce to the comfort and convenience of the police and such unfortunates as were compelled to seek the kindly shelter of the station-house, and also to the safe keeping of those who were under arrest to answer for violation of law. The number of arrests during the year 1870 was 32,094, a decrease of 6655 as compared with the pre- vious year. The number of persons obtaining shel- ter at the different station-houses for the same year was 69,318, as against 76,457 the year previous. In 1 87 1 a thorough reorganization of the police PAST AND PRESENT. 145 department was made. Councils had at last con- cluded to yield to the requests of each succeeding Mayor that the police force be increased. They had sat so long under the teaching that the force was inadequate, that the words insisting on the necessity of an increase fell upon their ears with a familiar sound, but conveyed no meaning. They had become like some church goers who had sat under the ministrations of the same teacher for years, until his every word had grown familiar to them, but had lost its power of moving. The Councilmen at last, however, awoke, shook themselves together, and by ordinance of November 24, 1871, rearranged the several police districts and increased the police force. The ordinance provided that the executive police force of the city should be ten hundred men, to be distributed among the respective police dis- tricts as the Mayor might from time to time direct. The office of Captain of Police was created. Four captains were to be appointed and assigned to police divisions by the Mayor. It was made the duty of the captains to see that the station-houses and other property of the department of police were kept in order and condition, and that discipline was maintained among, and duty performed by, the police force. They were required to report to the Mayor. The number of the Reserve Corps was fixed at not less than fifty men, including a lieutenant and one sergeant, who should command the corps. The Fifth Police* District was divided into two districts, the new district being called the Nineteenth. The Sixth was divided, the new one being named the ,^6 THE PHILADELPHIA POLICE, Twentieth District. The Twenty-seventh Ward was declared one police district, to be known as the Twenty-first. The Twenty-eighth Ward became the Twenty-second Police District ; Twenty-ninth Ward, the Twenty-third Police District. The boundaries of some of the other districts were changed. The newly increased force was required to be uniformed when on duty, and any violation of this rule was made cause for loss of pay, suspension or dismissal from the force, as the Mayor might deem expedient. The offices of High Constable and Chief of Detec- tives were abolished. The Detective Department had previously, however, been transferred to the ex- clusive control of the Chief of Police. General St. Clair A. Mulholland, according to whose recommendations these changes were made, though after the election of a successor to his chief, took charge of the office January i, i86g. General Mulholland was born in County Antrim, Ireland, in 1839. He came to this country in childhood. On the first of September, 1862, he was commissioned lieutenant-colonel of the One Hundred and Sixteenth Regiment of Pennsylvania Volunteers, and upon join- ing the Army of the Potomac, was assigned to Gen- eral Meagher's Irish Brigade, with which he did gal- lant service. In the winter of 1863 he was promoted to colonel. On the first day of the Battle of the Wilderness he received what was at first supposed to be a mortal wound. He recovered from it, however, and returned to duty, having been rewarded with the brevet rank of brigadier-general. At the Battle of Hatcher's Run, October 27, 1864, he assaulted and carried one of the enemy's earthworks. For his PAST AND PRESENT. i^y intrepidity in this affair he was breVeted major-gen- eral, and remained at the post of duty until the close of the war, winning for himself the enviable reputa- tion of being among the most reliable of officers. He held the position of Chief of Police for three years. Since his retirement he has given his atten- tion to art, and has achieved no mean reputation as a painter. When he became chief the esprit du corps of the force was bad, consequent upon the change of administration and the appointment of new officers unfamiliar with their duties. In a short time, however, he considerably raised the standard of discipline among the men. The city was divided into 1 8 districts, and his total force was but 712 officers. Benjamin Franklin, now in charge of the detec- tives at John Wanamaker's establishment, was Chief of Detectives. He was a very able officer, and made many important arrests. " I saw at once the needs of the department," said General MulhoUand recently, " and made many suggestions of changes radically necessary, few of which were adopted. Both branches of Councils were opposed to the administration politically, and I am sorry to say, gave us very little help. The suggestions that I made to increase the efficiency of the force have all been adopted by later administrations. Then, as now, we had too few men to work with, and the pay was inadequate. I asked that four cap- tains be appointed to assist me, suggested mounted police for the suburbs, and persistently urged an increase in the force. The station-houses were in a terrible condition, being filthy, ill-ven- tilated, poorly heated, and badly lighted. Without exception, they were old buildings, totally inadequate to the needs of the service. The cells were foul smelling, teeming with vermin, and not fit to confine a dog in. I devoted considerable time and thought to a plan for an improved station-house, and one was 148 THE PHILADELPHfA POLICE, erected during my administration, the Fifth District House, Fif- teenth and Locust streets, in accordance with plans drawn up by myself. It was at the time the only decent station-house in the city. "Aside from the lack of support which the police received from Councils during my administration, the officers had much else to contend with. The condition of the criminal classes was very bad. The war, with its degenerating influences, had just closed, and the city was full of thieves and desperadoes of all classes. The volunteer fire department was responsible for the existence, in all sections of the city, of well organized and very powerful gangs of toughs, who openly bade defiance to law and order. The Schuyl- kill Rangers, an organization composed of thieves by land and water, and murderers and desperadoes of the worst descriptions, were in the heyday of their power. Jimmy Haggerty, the notorious leader of these ruffians, had long defied arrest. He was captured by my officers under the late Lieutenant Crout several times. It was after one of these arrests by the Reserves that Haggerty made his dramatic escape from the court-house. He was finally driven from the city, and went to New York, where he was killed by Reddy the Blacksmith in 1870. After his death the Rangers, as an organization, gradually dropped to pieces. They were neither worse than usual, nor committed more crimes during my adminis- tration. They had been in existence for upwards of fifty years, and no previous administration had made any concerted effort to break them up. The abolition of the volunteer fire department doubtless had much to do with the extermination of the Schuji^kill Rangers, but Lieutenant Flaherty, who was in charge of the Fifth District at the time, and Lieutenant Jacoby of the Schuylkill Harbor Police, are entitled to much credit for the unrelenting and persistent warfare which they waged against these desperadoes, the former by land and the latter by water. " Early in my administration of the office a very important rob- bery of a Saving Fund was committed at Twelfth and Chestnut streets. The police were unjustly censured for dereliction of duty in allowing the robbery to take place. It was learned after- wards that it was planned months before Mayor Fox went into office, and that its projectors worked so cunningly and adroitly that no unprejudiced man could blame the police for not prevent- ing its accomplishment, PAST AND PRESENT 145 "The different gangs which infested the city at that time, com- posed for the most part of men who were connected with the fire department and ' run wid de masheen,' were the terror of the neighborhoods in which ihey were located, and the bane of the policeman's life. The lot of an officer on duty in the haunts of these gangs was by no means a happy one. It was from these roughs that a determined opposition to the paid fire de- partment came. They knew that with the abolition of the volun- teer department their prestige and power would be gone, and there were grave fears that the last days of the department would be marked with bloodshed and crime. As the time approached for the inauguration of the paid department, my lieutenants were instructed to take extra precautions, and they promptly quelled the incipient riots that sprang up. People predicted that the city would be fired at a given time in hundreds of places, and that in the consequent excitement anarchy would rule supreme. During the last hours of the volunteers there were many alarms of fire, but it is to the credit of the better element among them that these incipient conflagrations were promptly extinguished, and the new department went into service without any serious consequences resulting from the change." Although a brave, efficient and hard-working offi- cer. General Mulholland refuses to take to himself any credit for the work done by the department of which he was chief. " We had a particularly lawless element to deal with," he said, "and my officers are entitled to much credit for the brave and eflScient manner in which they performed their duty. When I turned my office over to my successor I was confident that crime was less rampant, and that the morale of the city was in a much higher condition than when I became chief." Ijo THE PHILADELPHIA POLICE, CHAPTER VII. "Martinet" Stokley's Time, (1872-1881.) THE NEW MAYOR S ELECTION. A PROMOTION. — HIS COURSE IN COUNCILS.— IMMEDIATE REFORM AND STRICT DISCIPLINE IN THE FORCE. — FURTHER NU- MEklCAL INCREASE.— THE CENTENNIAL POLICE AND CENSUS. — HOUSE-TO-HOUSE SEARCH FOR CHARLIE ROSS.— LODGING FOR THE INDIGENT IN STATION- HOUSES. — RAILROAD RIOTS OF 1 877.— DEATH OF CHIEF JONES.— CAPTAIN GIVIN HIS SUCCESSOR. Although Mayor Fox's successor was diametri- cally opposed to him in politics, and although the principle of civil service reform, then making some slight head at the national capital, was as unre- vealed to Philadelphia politics as a knowledge of the details of theosophy, the inauguration of William S. Stokley, on January i, 1872, was as well-earned a promotion as army records could produce. The new Mayor, who was born in Philadelphia April 25, 1823, won his way by honorable service in Councils to the presidency, in 1868, of the select branch. It was while filling this position that he made his fearless speech for the abolition of the volunteer fire depart- ment, which measure was passed and enforced as has been seen during Mayor Fox's administration. The newspapers of that day had entered upon a crusade PAST AND PRESENT. i^i looking towards reform, but so great was the politi- cal power wielded by the volunteer department, that not a single politician or party leader dared raise a voice against it. President Stokley had been an active fireman, had been connected with the old Franklin Hose, afterwards the Harmony Steam Fire Engine Co., for i6 years, and had for several of these acted as its treasurer. The organization was strongly Republican, and its members therefore looked to the Republican members of Councils for protection, and especially to the President of Select Chamber. The newspapers kept hammering away at the rowdyism of the volunteers ; the citizens became earnest in the appeals for reform ; the volunteers felt secure in their political power. Upon a certain Thursday it became noised about that something was to be done, and, as a result, the galleries of both chambers were crowded with "roughs" and " red- shirted heroes." The proposed change was offered, and a number of members had made buncombe speeches in favor of the continuance of rowdyism and riot, when the President relinquished his chair and descended to the Chamber floor. Turning and fairly facing the gallery, he, in a clear and distinct voice, advocated the abolishment of the volunteer fire department. His remarks were at first met with cat-calls and hisses, yet he never wavered, but raising his voice, so that none could mistake him, declared that if he was interrupted he would clear the gallery at once. He was allowed to continue his speech, and from that day forward never ceased in his endeavors to establish a paid fire department. J.J THE PHILADELPHIA POLICE, Mr. Stokley, who was a confectioner by trade, first went to Common Council from the Ninth Ward in i860, and was president of that branch from 1865 to 1867. When he went into the office of Mayor the police force consisted of 600 officers and men. Immediately after his election, Mayor Stokley be- gan to pave the way for his contemplated reform of the force. He drafted and had introduced into Councils an ordinance which made many changes. It increased the number of men to one thousand, exclusive of captains, lieutenants and sergeants, abolished the office of high constable, substituting therefor that of captain of police, and divided the city into four police divisions. Each of these di- visions was to be under the charge of a captain who could be transferred from post to post at the option of the Mayor. It was their duty to keep a supervi- sory eye over the districts in their divisions, see that proper discipline was maintained, and that the station-houses were kept in repair, and especially to direct the enforcement of all city ordinances. A rigid discipline was to be maintained among the force, and officers were required to appear in full uniform when on duty under penalty of loss of pay, suspension or dismissal. This ordinance passed both branches of Councils, November 24, 1871. Mayor Stokley, on his inauguration a few weeks later, immediately began the work of reform. He took pattern from the rules laid down for the government of the police force of the city of New York, and so rigidly enforced them that he was dubbed " Martinet Stokley." He did not trust altogether to his subor- dinates, but personally visited the station-houses PAST AND PRESENT. i-, from time to time, and familiarized himself with the wants of the men. He heard their complaints, and adjusted their wrongs. He gave no notice of his coming, and at first frequently surprised his men in the commission of acts not altogether up to his standard of discipline. Their excuses were met with a stern reprimand, but woe to the man who was for the second time found derelict. Notwithstanding his martinetism, the Mayor was universally loved and respected by his men. He was particularly severe on neglect of duty in cap- tains, lieutenants and sergeants. He required from every member of the force a strict adherence to the rules of the department, and he was particularly severe on men who absented themselves from their post without permission. He never forgave a drunk- ard, and when once a man was personally discharged by him, no amount of influence could induce him to reinstate the delinquent. Once when strolling up Chestnut Street he spied one of his favorite lieuten- ants in citizen's dress, leisurely promenading on the opposite side of the street. " That man ought to be at the station-house at- tending to his duty," concluded the Mayor, and he crossed the street and confronted the absentee. "Your star, sir," he said, sternly, and would listen to no explanations ; nor could the officer subsequently, on the plea of unintentional wrong and old friend- ship, succeed in getting reinstated. Mr. Stokley was familiar with every beat in the city, and knew where every officer ought to be at any given time. He frequently patrolled the city late at night, and had no mercy on an officer absent J, . THE PHILADELPHIA POLICE, from his post. He had a wonderful memory of faces, and although forgetful of names, knew every officer on the force by sight. Once a man who had been discharged applied to the Mayor for reinstatement. He had powerful backing, and felt certain of forgive- ness. When he presented himself before Mr. Stok- ley, the latter surveyed his features keenly. " I don't know your name, but I remember your face," he said. " I discharged you for drunkenness. Your application is refused," and he handed the ap- plicant back his papers and curtly dismissed him. When in the spring of 1874 the city began to re- cover from the disastrous crash which was inaugu- rated by the failure of Jay Cooke, and business of all sorts revived, the police force was found inade- quate to the task of properly patrolling the city. Mayor Stokley called the attention of Councils to the needs of the service, and on June 29, 1874, an ordi- nance was passed increasing the force two hundred men. It also gave the Mayor limited power to create new districts whenever, in his judgment, the growing wants of the city demanded it. With its many miles of water front on the Schuylkill and Delaware rivers, Philadelphia had always been a rich field for river pirates. Mayor Stokley saw, as Mayor Fox had seen, that this ancient boat patrol service was inadequate for a city of such commercial importance as Philadelphia, and two swift-sailing steam-launches were placed at the disposal of the harbor police. This necessitated a reorganization of the river force. Formerly each company had been officered by a lieutenant. The pilot and engineer of the launch were the next in rank, but these were not PAST AND PRESENT. 155 exactly police officers, and could not be depended upon to take command in case the lieutenant was taken sick, or otherwise incapacitated from doing duty. The attention of the Councils was called to this matter, and on December 31, 1875, an ordinance was passed authorizing the Mayor to appoint two sergeants of police for duty on the rivers. Since the employment of the steam-launches the harbor patrol has attained a state of proficiency that is not surpassed by similar branches of the police ser- vice in other cities. The river thieves have been driven from the city, and property is as well pro- tected along the wharves and on vessels in mid- stream as in the centre of the city. When it was definitely settled that Philadelphia was to have the great Centennial Exhibition, Mayor Stokley began to prepare for the increased and ardu- ous service that would be required of the police. Three hundred extra officers were employed, who were sworn in as special reserves. Colonel Clay, who was appointed Chief of the Centennial Police by the Board of Finance, had a battalion of officers numbering several hundred. These were also com- missioned special reserves. The force of detectives immediately under the control of the Mayor was aug- mented and strengthened, and Captain William R. Heins was vested with extraordinary powers and made chief of the corps. The chiefs of detective bureaus all over the country were communicated with, and all suspected persons were carefully watched, and a record kept of their movements. Whenever a known thief reached Philadelphia he- was immediately spotted and kept under surveillance ic6. THE PHILADELPHIA POLICE, as long as he remained in the city. If one of these gentry attempted to "work" he was promptly ar- rested, and by a special arrangement with the district attorney quickly railroaded to prison. Colonel Clay was succeeded as Chief of Centennial Police on Aug. I, 1876, by Col. William A. Hoyt, to whom is due the credit for the management of the force dur- ing the most crowded months of the Exhibition. A great many petitions were presented for the privilege of erecting frame buildings in the vicinity of the Centennial grounds. The Mayor was bitterly opposed to these fire traps, and when Councils passed a special ordinance opening Elm Avenue and allowing the erection of such frame buildings thereon as the necessities of the case required, he approved the ordinance with,the greatest reluctance. He detailed a corps of officers to' watch over the hackmen, and superintend the transportation of pas- sengers from ]ioint to point through the city. An ordinance was passed regulating the rate of fare, and in every way affording the fullest protection to the travelling public. The strictest adherence to the provisions of this ordinance was required, hackmen being punished severely and deprived of their licenses for the slightest infraction. On March 20, 1876, Councils passed an ordinance authorizing the Mayor to take a census of the city during the Centennial Exhibition. This great work was done entirely by patrolmen, and was a complete and accurate enumeration. Mayor Stokley was elected for three consecutive terms, and was longer in office than any previous Mayor,— from January i, 1872, until April 2, 1881. PAST AND PRESENT. ,^7 The improvements which he inaugurated were many, and of incalculable benefit to the police force. He built a number of new station-houses after the most improved models, increased in many ways the effi- ciency of the service, caused his lieutenants and cap- tains to strictly enforce the rules of the department, encouraged the officers to be self-respecting and at- tentive to their duty, and the fact that very few im- portant robberies were committed in Philadelphia during the Centennial Exhibition, is evidence of the fact that the service under his administration was as near perfection as could be attained. He waged a fierce and unrelenting war against vice and crime of all sorts, suppressed the low concert-dives which had long been the recruiting station for crim- inals of every grade, and inaugurated such a vigor- ous campaign against the gamblers and policy deal- ers, that they were compelled to give up business and leave the city. In particular he directed his efforts toward the suppression of " policy " gambling. Under his direction spies were employed to ferret out these illegal lotteries, and furnish evidence against the backers and writers. In 1874 this country, and in fact the whole civil- ized world, was convulsed over the bold and mysteri- ous abduction from his home in Germantown of the boy Charlie Ross. It was believed by shrewd detec- tives that he was hidden in Philadelphia, and Mayor Stokley, who had personally interested himself in the case, ordered a house-to-house search. Every building in the city was visited and carefully ex- amined by his patrolmen. It was Philadelphia offi- cers who, after following in vain many clews, finally ,.g THE PHILADELPHIA POLICE, settled upon the burglars Mosherand Douglass as the abductors, and it was through the efforts of the Mayor's detectives that their accomplices, Westervelt and his wife, were convicted. Prior to Mr. Stokley's administration, indigent persons without homes who applied at the station- house for lodging were very indifferently sheltered. In every station-house that was built under his direc- tion, a large and comfortable apartment was fitted up for tramps, and he took a personal interest in seeing that they were well cared for. Taken altogether, this administration was as brilliant and successful as that of any preceding Mayor. During it there were two chiefs of police, Kennard H. Jones, who died in office, and Samuel I. Givin, who was chief from the time of Mr. Jones's death until the expiration of Mr. Stokley's third term of office, and also through Mayor King's administration. On the 1st of May, 1875, Captain Heins, who was in charge of the detective department, was relieved of that duty, and the detective officers were placed under the immediate directions of Chief of Police Jones. At the same time the four captains of police were assigned divisions as follows : Captain Charles W. Wood (afterwards fire marshal) to the First Division, comprising that portion of the city lying south of Chestnut Street, with his headquarters at the Nineteenth District Station-House, Eighth and Lombard streets ; Captain George W. Curry to the Second Division, comprising that portion of the city between Chestnut and Poplar streets, with head- quarters at the Eighth District Station-House, But- tonwood Street above Tenth ; Captain William R. PAST AND PRESENT. ,59 Heins to the Third Division, comprising that por- tion of the city north of Poplar and east of Broad streets, with headquarters at Tenth District Station- House, Front and Master streets ; Captain Louis Godbou to the F"ourth Division, comprising that portion of the city north of Poplar and west of Broad streets, with headquarters at Twenty-third District Station-House, Jefferson Street, above Twentieth. Under Mayor Stokley's administration after this change, the several lieutenants reported to the cap- tains of their respective divisions each morning at their headquarters, instead of to the Chief at the Central Station. This change was thought advisable by Chief Jones, as the lieutenants were thus kept from their districts a much shorter time than under the old system, and the captains were enabled to familiarize themselves with what was going on in their divisions. The month of July in 1877 was marked by the up- rising of the laboring classes, resulting in the injury to property and taking of life in some localities. This spirit of insubordination and disorder mani- fested itself among the employes of the Pennsylva- nia Railroad Company in the stoppage of freight trains, and the almost total blockade of travel on the road. Crowds of idle and disorderly men assembled in the vicinity of the depots and shops of the rail- road company in West Philadelphia. At the first indication of danger a large force of officers was massed in the depot, when, under the personal supervision of Mayor Stokley, the men were dis- tributed so as to be best available in case of trouble, and as the crowd, encouraged by the success of the l6o THE PHILADELPHIA POLICE, rioters in Pittsburgh, became more threatening, the whole force of the department was concentrated in and about the Pennsylvania Railroad grounds and their places on their regular beats were supplied by special officers, sworn in for service during the emer- gency. The officers behaved with great coolness and bravery, and in several encounters with the mob, used their clubs with such telling effect as to drive them back and disperse them without the use of fire-arms, thus preventing loss of life. During the time they were thus on duty, the officers had no chance of going home or being relieved. They were provided meals by the Railroad Company. For two weeks the Mayor did not change his clothing. The firmness displayed at the outset, and the vigi- lance with which every point was guarded, prevented any destruction of property, and saved shedding of blood, and the city spared the horrors of mob rule and mob violence. On the loth of May, 1879, Chief of Police Ken- nard H. Jones was granted leave of absence by Mayor Stokley, on account of ill health. He never recovered sufficiently to resume his duties, but died on the 6th day of July, that year. Chief of Police Jones was a faithful and efficient officer, implicitly obedient to orders himself, and exacting the same from others. His long experi- ence had familiarized him -with all the details of the department. His death was deeply regretted by all his associates and by the men under his command. Captain Samuel I. Givin, of the Second Police Division, was detailed by Mayor Stokley to assume temporary charge of the department during the ab- PAST AND PRESENT. l6i sence of Chief Jones. After his death, Captain Givin was, on the 4th of August, 1879, appointed Chief of Police. Mayor Stokley upon leaving office thus spoke of the police force : " In the several emergencies arising during the nine years of the present administration, the police department has proven its effi- ciency ; the prompt suppression of the riotous tendency manifested during the labor excitement, the preservation of the peace, and the safety guaranteed to visitors wh* thronged the city during the continuance of the exposition, have elicited praise from all the world." Kennard H. Jones, the Chief of Police during seven years of Mayor Stokley's administration, was born at No. 1028 Ogden Street, Philadelphia, on March 4, 1840, and died at Delanco, New Jersey, where he had gone to recuperate his health, on July 6, 1879. In early life Mr. Jones was a brick- layer by trade. When the war broke out he enlisted and served under General Lyle. By the latter's in- fluence he was transferred to Washington, where he had charge of the horses used in the cavalry service. Early in life Mr. Jones had identified himself with the Republican party and had become an influential ward politician. As a reward for his services he was appointed as a patrolman by Mayor Henry, and was continued on the force as a reserve by Mayor McMichael. After Mayor Fox's inauguration he re- signed, and became constable of the Fourteenth Ward. He was in that office when Mayor Stokley was elected for his first term in 1871. There were three candidates for the position of Chief of Police, and Kennard Jones was appointed over the heads of the others. He held that office until he died. He ,62 THE nilLADELPHIA POLICE, went to work, after his appointment to hunt up the dangerous gangs of gamblers, thieves and burglars, who used to make Chestnut from Ninth to Eleventh their stamping ground. The " Gut Gang," an or- ganization that made pedestrianism unsafe in the vicinity of the Schuylkill River wharves, was broken up by him, and by his vigorous course of police discipline and stern determination, he drove out of town a number. of bank burglars who had made Philadelphia the scene of numerous success- ful operations in the preceding years. Chief Jones was a strict disciplinarian, and the morale of the force was well maintained during his term of ofifice, in the face of the fact that politics regulated the ap- pointnien.s. During the labor riots of 1877, his conduct was remarkable for firmness and sagacity, and the mob gave a certain amount of respect to his orders and was held in check, while other cities were r.cenes of riot and bloodshed. On his accession to ofifice he took charge of the detective department and conducted it in his own thorough manner. He paid the most assiduous attention to the duties of his post, and his devotion to duty eventually caused his death, which resulted from brain trouble, brought on by overwork. Chief Jones was in ofifice during the Centennial cel- ebration, and the manner in which he regulated the policing of the city at that time, when the most noted criminals of the country flocked here from all parts, was remarkable for completeness of arrange- ments. The great number of processions during the year, both civic and military, rendered it necessary to have a large number of ofificers stationed on the PAST AND PRESENT. 163 Streets over which they passed. On every such oc- casion Chief Jones ordered that the whole route be roped off by officers, and the intersections of the streets kept clear for the passage of vehicles and pedestrians through the parade. One of the officers died from the effects of the terrible heat and over- exertion on July 4, 1876, and another lost his reason from the same cause and attempted his life. In his report of that year Chief Jones said of the men : "They undoubtedly deserve credit for the alacrity with which they have responded to the various duties assigned them, and the uniform courtesy of their behavior towards strangers and others ap- plying to them for information and assistance, and their vigilance in detecting crime and apprehending offenders, and it can ever be considered a merited recommendation to have been a member of the police department of Philadelphia, and having faithfully served during the trying scenes of the centennial year." i64 THE PHILADELPHIA POLICE, CHAPTER VIII. The Police Free from Politics. (1881-1884.) THE NEW mayor's PLEDGES AND PRINCIPLES. — THE fire-cracker and concealed-weapon NUISANCES AKATED. — confidence OF REPUBLICAN COUNCILMEN IN THE ADMINISTRATION. — A MODEL STATION-HOUSE BUILT AND THE GAMEWELL ALARM SYSTEM INTRO- DUCED.— JAILING OF POOL-ROOM PROPRIETORS.— THE SULLIVAN-CLEARY FIGHT PREVENTED. — ^APPOINT- MENT OF COLORED POLICEMEN. — DR. WHITE'S LEC- TURES ON " FIRST AID TO THE WOUNDED," AND THE REWARD MEDAL. — LIFE OF MAYOR KING.— EXTRAOR- DINARY SERVICES OF CHIEF GIVIN DURING THE* LABOR RIOTS. The independent element in the Republican party in the city began to assert itself as early as the con- clusion of Mayor Stokley's first term. It joined with the Democracy on behalf of A. K. McCIure's candi- dacy in 1874, and although Mr. Stokley's margin was liberal, the fight was a hot one. Another and still hotter one was made by the same fusion for Joseph L. Caven in 1877, and in 1881 the same tac- tics were successful under the leadership of Samuel G. King. This gentleman became the seventh Mayor of consolidated Philadelphia, on April 4 of the year mentioned. He was elected under the con- stitution of 1873, on the third Tuesday of February. PAST AND PRESENT. 165 Prior to that time, the mayoralty elections were held on the third Tuesday in October. He was first nominated by the Democratic con- vention held at National Guards Hall. Upon being notified of this action, Mr. King sent a letter to the convention stating that he would accept the nomina- tion only on one condition, and that was that John Hunter should receive the nomination for the office of receiver of taxes. The Democratic Convention to nominate a candi- date for the latter office was then in session, and had nominated William McGrath for the place. Upon learning of Mr. King's nomination by the Mayor's Convention, and his decision in regard to it, a reac- tion was produced in the Receiver of Taxes Conven- tion in favor of Mr. Hunter, and many of the mem- bers withdrew and declared their intention to sup- port no other than the conditional ticket. Within a few days Mr. McGrath sent his resignation as the Democratic candidate for receiver of taxes to the Democratic Executive Committee. The Committee then endorsed Mr. Hunter, and he and Mr. King became the candidates of the Democracy. At that time the Committee of One Hundred was holding meetings to determine whom they should endorse for the different city ofificers. Influenced by Mr. King's course, and his independence in the matter, they resolved almost unanimously to support him for Mayor. He was not unknown to the people of Philadelphia. He had served nearly twenty years continuously in the select branch of City Councils. A committee of the Committee of One Hundred J 66 THE PHILADELPHIA POLICE, waited upon Mr. King, and became satisfied that he would administer the office of Mayor without regard to politics. All the pledges that Mr. King made to the people, his party and the Committee of One Hundred before election he scrupulously endeavored to carry out during his administration. He held his police entirely independent of politics, and allowed them to take no active part in elections. " Not that their rights as individual citizens," said Mr. King recently, " were in any way interfered with, but they were forbidden taking any active part. There were no assessments upon the police, for political or any other purpose. There was not one cent of assess- ment ever made in the office during the three years I was Mayor, directly or indirectly, or by any implication. I made it a rule that I would not have an officer in my department who would submit to any .such extortion, as I recognized that tiie money which the city paid for their services belonged to them for services per- formed and for the maintenance of their families." In his inaugural address Mayor King said : " It will be my duty to free the city from a partisan police. An observation of many years has convinced me that a police force, in order to be truly effective, must be entirely disconnected from politics, and that its members should hold their positions as long as they conduct themselves honestly, soberly and efficiently. The very knowledge that they hold their positions on these terms will make them the terror of every violator of the law. By the present system, when votes are to be secured, laws and ordinances are dis- regarded, crime connived at, and known and open violators of the most salutary laws go free and unpunished. Under my adminis- tration the members of the police force will not be permitted to interfere in elections, or in the nominating conventions of either party, and every violation of this rule will cause an immediate dis- charge, and no member of the force so discharged will ever be able to regain his position. In making this declaration it is proper for me to say, further, that I am aware that in some wards of the PAST A^'l) PRESENT. 167 city members of the police force have been used by so-called political leaders for their own purposes. Nominally on the force, they have been the political agents to carry out the views :uk1 partisan designs of these leaders. Every case of this kind shall be fairly investigated, and if vacancies are created, the places will be filled irrespective of party affiliations." In regard to police assessments he said : " Assessments on the police force for political purposes shall no longer be tolerated. Contributions and assessmeiils for politi- cal purposes have produced, and will continue to produce, the worst possible results to the whole body politic. Whilst nominally procured for honest and legitimate election expenses, they are used to corrupt the voter and purchase the election officer. If corporate bodies and wealthy citizens will continue to contribute their money with the knowledge that the money thus contributed is used to corrupt our elections, it shall be known that during my administration the police of Philadelphia shall not be made acces- sories to such crimes by contributions for such nefarious purposes, which strike at the foundations of our civil government." The rule that no officer discharged from the force should be reinstated, as, in fact, were all the rules es- tablished by Mayor King, was carried out to the letter to the end of his administration. The Mayor found that by enforcing this determination he was relieved of a great deal of trouble and annoyance, which would naturally follow the discharge of any officer, as all men have their friends. " As they held their continuance on the force in their own hands, the forfeiture of position was an act of their own," says Mr. King : "and they soon became educated to the knowledge that such would be their fate as officers, and submitted gracefully, as a gen- eral thing, to the Mayor's decision. At the beginning of my ad- ministration I summoned all of the higher officers of the police department, and stated to them what I expected in regard to the ,68 THE PHILADELPHIA POLICE, performance of dut}', and the rewards of faithful, efficient service to the city. A strict observance of the laws of department would be enforced on my part, and if these were strictly observed in all cases that no man would be discharged, but when discharged for cause, that ended his connection with the city as an officer under in •, definitely. I found that the men were glad to accept the con- ditions, and obey and carry out all orders emanating from my office." One of the first important orders issued by Mayor King was one to enforce all laws in relation to the firing of fire-arms, fire-crackers, and the like in the streets of the city, at any time or on any occasion. During his first year in office this order was rigidly enforced on the celebration of the F"ourth of July. " Instead of having from 60 to 80 alarms of fire," said Mr. King recently, " as on the previous Fourth of July, on that day there was not one. Again, as an evidence of the effect of my order by the way of comparison with the customs of the previous cele- brations of the Fourth, there were between thirty and forty deaths, and almost half a hundred wounded and crippled, many of them for life, while under the new order, doing away with this dangerous vent for enthusiastic patriotism, there was not a single case." On the morning following the first Fourth of July when this order was enforced, Mayor King received a letter from one of the physicians of the Pennsyl- vania Hospital, congratulating him on the wisdom of his order. The letter stated that on the previous Fourth the physicians at the hospital had attended to thirty cases, and on the later date they had as- sembled as usual with lint and instruments ready for emergencies, and waited all day, but not a single case was brought in for attention. The fires on previous celebrations had been legion, but came down from 80 alarms of fire for previous tAST AND PRESENT. 169 years, to not one. The saving in insurance was enormous. " It gives me pleasure," says Mr. King, " to know that the same orders have been carried out to the present day." Soon after Mayor King's inauguration he learned, by the sentiment of the press, that parents and others were much concerned about the rapid growth of the evil custom of carrying concealed deadly weapons. He issued in order to arrest all persons so carrying them, under any circumstances. Even his police were not allowed fire-arms while on day duty. Many arrests were made, and a number of fines im- posed, — some as high as $100. A number of offend- ers were imprisoned. It was not long before the police had upwards of one hundred cases on hand, for this offence alone, and the practice was to a large extent discontinued, so far as it could come under the observation of the force. Many factory and bank men called upon the Mayor, to secure the privilege of carrying a pistol, but they were all told that he had not the power to make the laws, and could only give them assurances of protection when they felt there was danger. During Mayor King's administration the question of placing the fire department in charge of the Mayor was brought up. An ordinance was intro- duced in Common Councils, and passed, but failed for want of action by the select branch before the end of the year. It was again introduced, and after due consideration, again passed by Common Coun- cil. The ordinance placed the fire department under the Mayor and gave him supreme control over lyo THE PHILADELPHIA POLICE, it. It failed to become a law, however, in Select Council, not receiving the requisite number of votes. "This action of Common Council," said Mr. King, " whose politics were opposite to mine, showing confidence in me, and my administration, I recognized as most flattering to me. It gave me great pleasure, and was an action I shall never forget. Let me add that the action of Councils is not always appreciated — justice is not always done them by the people. My experience during my term convinced me that their action in general is meant for the people's good, and the approbation of the people, when they find Councilmen disposed to do their duty, should be given them. It is the only compensation faithful Councilmen receive for their services." There were two new station-houses built during Mayor King's term, the .Second Police District Sta- tion-House and the Twenty-third District. The Second District House, on Second Street above Christian, is admitted to be the most complete build- ing of the kind in the United States. It stands on the site of the old Commissioners' Hall of South- wark. Councils, in Mayor King's third and last year, made an appropriation to establish the Gamewell system of police patrol. Mayor King secured the services of Chief Walker, of the Electrical Depart- ment, Captain Howell and Lieutenant Markoe, of the Fourth District, and sent them to Chicago to make an investigation and report the plans and meth- ods of the system which was then in use in that city. Upon the return of these gentlemen, they gave the Mayor a complete report in writing, and he pro- ceeded to contract with the patrol-wagon builders and other persons to complete the whole system, PAST AND PRESENT. 171 but his term of office expired before the service was estabHshed. Mayor King waged war against the pool-rooms in the last year of his tenure of office. Property own- ers along Sansom Street complained to him that the value of their holdings and business had been depre- ciated by the establishment of pool-rooms, which attracted an undesirable class of persons to the vicinity. The Mayor consulted legal authority as to what extent he had the power to close these places, and prosecute the proprietors, who had so long con- ducted the business without being disturbed that they had come to regard it as a kind of common-law right. The Mayor gave the usual notice to them to desist, which they did for a few days, but soon be- gan again. They concluded, under advice of coun- sel, to bid the Mayor defiance. He proceeded at once to make arrests, and had bills of indictment sent to the grand jury. The first few bills were ignored by that body, when the Mayor decided to hold the bills until another grand jury was impan- elled. When this was done, more indictments were sent in ; true bills found ; the offenders tried and convicted and sent to prison. These summary pro- ceedings operated as a quietus to the pool-rooms during the administration. The champion prize-fighter, John L. Sullivan, met with his first great disappointment in this city through Mayor King's intervention. A match had been arranged between Sullivan and " Mike " Cleary, and Concordia Hall, at Fifth and Callowhill streets, had been engaged for the exhibition. The affair was extensively advertised, and the greatest excite- 1^2 THE PHILADELPHIA POLICE, ment prevailed among the sporting kind. Large numbers of strangers from other cities had come on to witness the "set to," and tickets, on the day fixed for the fight, were sold as high as $io each. Mayor King was convinced that the intended exhibition was a violation of the law, and he ordered Captain Allbright to take three hundred men, and secure possession of the hall. The captain applied to the owners of the building, got the keys and placed his three hundred blue-coats inside the place early in the evening. The orders to the department were, that if it took the whole force the exhibition must be prevented. In the evening the streets in the vicinity of Concordia Hall were thronged by a mul- titude waiting to gain admission, or to catch a glimpse of the pugilists as they entered. Sullivan, Cleary, and their party soon came, and demanded admission, but were informed by Captain Allbright that the building was already engaged by the city, and its officers were then in possession. After some parley, finding that all their efforts to carry out the programme were futile, they reluctantly retired. " Mike " Cleary afterwards brought suit against Mayor King and Captain Allbright, laying his damages at $4000. When, however, the plaintiff was ruled to file a bill of particulars he defaulted, and the case was dismissed. Mr. King was the first Mayor to appoint colored men on the police force of Philadelphia. In regard to these appointments Mr. King said : " It was not done without mature consideration. As I did not believe in classes of citizens, I held and hold that the constitution of the United States and of the commonwealth make the citizen, — PAST AND PRESENT. 173 not the personal man. I determined to recognize the right of citizenship of all men, and proceeded, when I had an opportunity, to indulge my convictions, for with me it is a principle. These appointments were not made by advice of friends. The action was my own. It contravened the customs of both political parties. I determined to establish it if it took the whole police department to do it. I was highly gratified at the success, and to see how fast the people were educated up to it. I am glad to see that it is now a recognized custom, and that all those that follow me must do the same, and acknowledge the justice of appointing colored men to the force. This act of mine gives me great satis- faction." There were thirty-five colored men, altogether, appointed to the force by Mayor King. At first there was some opposition manifested against the colored officers on the streets in certain localities, but the Mayor gave orders to Chief of Police Givin that they should be supported in the performance of their duty, if the entire balance of the force were re- quired to do it. A few arrests were made of per- sons molesting the colored officers, and the offenders bound over to keep the peace. This feeling, how- ever, soon passed away. On the ist of January, 1883, the police force was increased by the addition of fifty men. The force then consisted of chief of police, salary, $2450 ; fire marshal, salary, $1800; four captains, salaries, $1500 each; eight detective officers, salaries, $1 130 each; twenty-seven lieutenants, salaries, $1092.50; fifty-seven sergeants, salaries, $1028.28; fifty-four house sergeants (telegraph operators), salaries, $950; and 1250 policemen, paid $2.38 per day while on actual duty. Although the regular force was larger under Mayor King than ever before, still he i-^ THE PHILADELPHIA POLICE, found it far too small for the great value of prop- erty to be protected and the extensive area to be patrolled. The great want in the rural districts was a mounted police, which could be effectively used in any part of the city in cases of disorder. In 1883, the discipline of the police force was greatly improved by the inauguration of a course of instruction by Professor J. William White, of the Pennsylvania University, who, at the request of Mayor King, delivered a course of four lectures to the officers and men of the police force, treating of wounds, broken limbs, and accidents, and the best and quickest methods of rendering relief in cases of emergency. The Society for Organizing Charity, who took great interest in this step, had these lec- tures printed in pamphlet form, with engraved illus- trations, at their own expense, and a copy given to every man on the force. The hand-ambulance, drill, and service was an outgrowth of these lectures. In nineteen of the police districts these improved hand- ambulances were placed in use in 1883. In the same year, " The Ladies' Society for Preventing Cruelty to Animals," introduced the custom of pre- senting " Reward Medals " of solid gold to such of the policemen who had rendered valuable service in protecting animals from unnecessary cruelty. Mayor King was born in a house on Callowhill Street below Fourth, on the 2d of May, 1816. His father was George M. King, who had left his na- tive town in Cumberland Valley when a young man and had come to Philadelphia, where he engaged in business as a coppersmith. His mother was Mary PAST AND PRESENT. 175 Gougler. The misfortune to lose his father within a year after his birth fell to the infant, and his educa- tion and care fell to his mother, who had also two, daughters to look after and to support by her own ex- ertions. She was a woman capable of relying on her own resources, and she reared her family success- fully. The first steps in the future Mayor's educa- tion were taken in small private schools, and the old Friends' school, which was located at Green and Dillwyn streets, gave his education all the finish it ever received. After leaving school he went to learn the business which he afterwards pursued, that of brush making. Industry and economy on the part of the youth enabled him to lay aside a sufficient sum to start in business for himself as soon as he ar- rived at the legal state of manhood, and he started a brush factory on Second Street, where he remained until his thirty-fifth year, when, satisfied with the wealth he had acquired in those few years of busi- ness life, he retired to live in comfort and to have leisure to devote himself to larger personal and public interests. Mr. King was connected with the Revenue de- partment during the administrations of presidents Pierce and Buchanan, for a period of six years. In local politics he had taken an active interest even before his age entitled him to vote. The first office he held was that of election inspector, which he filled in his twenty-second year. He has occupied many other offices in the party, and has represented his constituents in the local Democratic committee and in the State Democratic Central Committee, and ,y6 THE PHILADELPHIA POLICE, he has been a delegate to State and National con- ventions. In i860 he was chosen to represent the Democrats of the Eleventh Ward in Select Council, and he held the office until his election as Mayor, a period of nearly twenty years, and made a record ifi Councils which has never been surpassed by a member of either chamber. He did committee service on every committee of his branch, and he was for eighteen years on the finance and school committees. Mayor King gets the credit of being the first mover in a number of ordinances for the pxiblic wel- fare, comfort and recreation. He was the first man to suggest the appointment of the Fairmount Park Commission. It was partly through him that the million-dollar loan for the building of school-houses was secured. He was the original suggester of the Centennial Exhibition, at a time when the idea was ridiculed. It was he who in March, 1879, introduced the resolution to investigate the delinquent tax offi- cer, and the report of the investigating committee fully jusified his course. Such works as these called attention to Mr. King as a fit reform candidate for Mayor. Colonel Samuel Irvin Givin, Mayor King's Chief of Police, although an American citizen by birth, was born on April 18, 1833, i" County Antrim, Ireland, where his parents were temporarily, adjusting an estate. When Samuel was two years old his parents returned to this country, living at Ridley, whence they moved to Philadelphia in 1839. After leaving school, young Givin was for several years engaged as a law- yer's clerk, then as a printer, and afterwards he learned PAST AND PRESENT. 177 the trade of a carpenter. He was engaged in Wash- ington in 1857, where he held responsible positions on the work of the Capitol extensions. On comple- tion of this service, he began work at the Gosport Navy Yard, Virginia. In August, 1857, Mr. Givin shipped as landsman on the United States steamer Powhatan, then com- missioned for a cruise in the China seas. While at sea he rose to the position of carpenter's-mate, and subsequently was made acting carpenter of the ves- sel. His ship returned home in i860, bearing the Japanese Embassy which was to conclude the treaty with the United States. Having been honorably discharged from the naval service he returned to Philadelphia, where, resuming his duties, he was en- gaged in 1 86 1 at the Navy Yard, on the Keystone State and the Rhode Island, which were fitting out for the war. He subsequently was engaged in the organization of the Ellsworth Zouave Cadets, in Roxborough, Philadelphia. While thus busied he was stricken down with his first serious illness, which kept him prostrate for five months, and when he be- came convalescent he found that the Zouave Cadets had disbanded to join other commands going to the front. He then joined Battery " G," Third Pennsyl- vania Artillery, from which he was subsequently transferred to the i52d Regiment Pennsylvania Vol- unteers, being mustered in on September 26, 1862. This regiment was assigned to the Third Division, Seventh Corps, Department of Virginia. Within a few months the young soldier was promoted to quartermaster-sergeant. It was while holding this rank that he participated 178 THE PHILADELPHIA POLICE, in the engagement at Deserted Farm, Va., January 30, 1863, and at the same place on the i8th of the following month ; at Blackwater, March 1 7th ; siege of Suffolk, Va., April 12th to May 4th, and at Cars- ville, Va., May 15th to 18th, 1863. In the following July the regiment was detailed for garrison duty at Fortress Monroe, Va., and while here Sergeant Givin was promoted commissary-sergeant of the regiment, and also post-commissary, having charge of the extensive bakeries of the fortress. In March, 1864, he participated in the engagement at Port Wathal, Va., and it was there he won his epaulettes, being made First Lieutenant of Company C, i88th Regiment, Penna. Vols., which had just been organ- ized at Camp Hamilton. On April 13, 1864, he was promoted captain of Company K of that regiment, in which rank he continued for over a year. On May I, 1865, he rose to the rank of lieutenant- colonel of the regiment, and on November ist of the same year was promoted colonel. It was while holding this rank, his commission recording that it was conferred for gallant and meritorious services, that he was assigned to the command of the Third Brigade, First Division, Eighteenth Corps, Army of the James. Col. Givin took an active part in every battle in which the Army of the James participated from its organization, and at the battle of Drury's Bluff, Va., on May 16, 1864, he had command of the brigade picket lines and covered the retreat after the disaster which followed that engagement. For his conduct on this occasion he was highly compli- mented by General Baldy Smith. The Eighteenth Corps was after this ordered to re-enforce the Army PAST AND PRESENT. lyg of the Potomac, and arrived in time to participate in the terrific battle of Cold Harbor. On June i, 1864, while leading a charge upon the Confederate works, he fell into the hands of the enemy, but a charge made by the Union Army half an hour afterward enabled him and several members of his command to escaj>e, and under a heavy fire he succeeded in gaining the Union lines, one of his men being killed by his side. On the 3d of the same month, when an advance upon the Confederate lines was ordered in the face of a heavy fire, Colonel Givin received his first wound from the fragment of a shell which, tear- ing the flesh, injured the bone and rendered him for the time incapable of duty. On the following morn- ing he was taken to the field hospital, but contrived to get back to duty in a couple of weeks, when, with his arm in a sling, he was in time to participate in the memorable engagement at Petersburg, on the 1 8th of June, 1864. During the eighty days fighting which followed he was selected by General Guy V. Henry (U. S. Army), to take temporary command of the 58th Pennsylvania Vols., and at the time of the great mine explosion he -was so far in front as to be hurled down and almost buried alive by the debris. After participating in the engagement of Bermuda Hundred, on August 27th; at the battle of Chapin's Farm or New Market Heights ; at the charge and capture of forts Harrison and Gilmore, on September 29th and 30th, being in command of the regiment on the former and in command of the brigade on the latter date, he was once again wounded, this time on the thigh and right ankle. With indomitable courage, however, he insisted j8o the PHILADELPHIA POLICE, upon rejoining his command in time to take part in the battle of Fair Oaks, Va., on October 27th and 28th, when he was selected by General Charles Devens (afterwards Attorney-General of the United States) to serve on his staff. He was afterwards detailed to organize and command the sharpshooters of the Army of the James, a picked body of 250 men, representing upwards of forty-five different regi- ments. It was while in command of the sharp- shooters, with the Third Brigade, Third Division, Twenty-fourth Corps, that Col. Givin took part in the battle of Deep Bottom, Va., on December 3, 1864. During March following he participated in the expedition to Fredericksburg, Va. When the advance on Richmond was ordered he was one of the first Union officers to enter the Confederate capital. He was subsequently detailed to command the Rocketts below Richmond ; was detailed as Chief of the Ambulance Corps on the staff of Gen- eral John Gibbons commanding, and was then or- dered to Lynchburg for provost duty, in August, 1865. He afterwards changed his headquarters to Danville, Va., where he had under his command some twenty counties, known as the sub-military dis- trict of South-western Virginia. After leaving City Point with his regiment, Col. Givin returned to Philadelphia, where he was finally mustered out of service on December 23, 1865. After engaging in business as a carpenter and builder for a number of years. Col. Givin was ap- pointed Lieutenant of the First Police District of Philadelphia, on March 13, 1875. He was promoted captain, and assigned to command of the Second PAST AND PRESENT. l8i Police Division on October 30, 1878, and after being appointed acting chief on May 5, 1879, was finally made Chief of Police on August 4 of that year. It was while he was acting as Lieutenant of the First Police District that the railroad labor troubles of 1877 occurred. By the prompt and decisive meas- ures taken by the police department at the inception of the troubles here, Philadelphia escaped those serious consequences of the disorders which some other large cities suffered. There had been murmur- ings of trouble for several days, but no overt acts of any moment were committed until that Saturday in July when the oil tanks on the Pennsylvania Railroad tracks near the Almshouse were fired by the rail- road men or their sympathizers. An alarm was at once telegraphed to the several police stations, and four hundred blue-coats were marched out over the South Street bridge at double-quick. When they arrived on the ground they formed in line, and with drawn clubs dispersed the crowd. Lieutenant Givin, as commandant of the First District officers, held the right of line of the First Division. The officers marched along the railroad tracks until they reached the old Pennsylvania Railroad depot at 32d and Market streets. This division formed in front of the depot. While the Third and Fourth divisions were guarding the front of the depot on Market Street, and the Second Division the rear or north side, under the car sheds, the First Division was ordered to make a break through the mob which oc- cupied the bluffs and high ground along the track. The First Division was composed of the First, Second, Third, Fourth, Fifth, Seventeenth, Nineteenth and ,82 THE PHILADELPHIA POLICE, Twenty-first Police Districts. Lieutenant Givin and his men on the right of line, Lieutenant Wier of the Fifth ; Lieutenant Schooley, Seventeenth Dis- .trict; Lieutenant Brown, Nineteenth District; Lieu- tenant Rice, Third District and Lieutenant Blankley, Twenty-first District, with their men, came in the order named. The division had great difficulty in forcing its way through the crowd, which filled the railroad cut running parallel with 32d Street. The officers proceeded slowly without any serious moles- tation or interference from the members of the crowd northward along the tracks, until the direction of the march was changed at Powelton Avenue. Here the mob was dense, turbulent and abusive. Missiles were thrown at the officers and vile epithets hurled at them. The police had marched up the tracks in two columns of fours. When they reached Powelton Avenue Lieutenant Givin's military train- ing and instinct enabled him to take in the situation at a glance. The manoeuvres of his men were fol- lowed by the officers in command of their respective districts. He halted his force and brought them to a front, as the mob had assumed a threatening atti- tude. When the rioters saw this halt, they renewed their hooting and abusive remarks, and began throw- ing stones, bricks and other missiles at the officers. The men were ordered to make no reply by word or act until the proper command was given. All being in readiness the command came to "charge." The crowd stood like a solid wall in front of them. The officers drew their clubs and advanced on the rioters, who at first held their ground with sullen persistency until the clubs began to fall, when a hasty PAST AND PRESENT. 183 retreat followed. No weapon was used but the club, and the mob was driven out of the cut up to Thirty- second Street. The policemen were then marched along the high bank by the side of the railroad tracks to the Callow- hill Street bridge, when a halt was made. The crowd in the mean time had gathered again on a vacant lot at Thirty-second Street and Powelton Avenue. The columns of police were again brought to a front, and charged the crowd, which was soon driven back into Thirty-second Street and the lot cleared. Pickets were then thrown out by the police, and the position held. All this time the two police boats were plying along the river from Arch Street to the Callowhill Street bridge to protect the river front, and render the land forces such aid as might be nec- essary. In the course of a few hours the crowds were dispersed without any serious trouble. About twelve o'clock midnight on Sunday some of the rioters gained an entrance into the lower round- house of the Pennsylvania Railroad Company, near the Callowhill Street bridge, and made an attack upon an engineer and firemari who were getting an engine ready to go to Belmont to bring down a coal- oil train. The first knowledge the officers who were still on duty along the tracks had of this was the dis- charge of two pistol-shots. A body of police was despatched to the round-house, but the strikers es- caped. At two o'clock Monday morning reports reached the officers that this coal-oil train lying at Belmont was to be fired and started down the track to burn the depot and the buildings along the route. The engine was thereupon brought out, — a strong ,g4 THE PHILADELPHIA POLICE, guard of ofificers being detailed for its protection, — and run up to Belmont, and the oil train hauled down to a siding near the Almshouse. Everything was apparently safe and secure, but about nine o'clock in the morning the strikers fired two of the oil tanks. The First, Sixteenth and Twenty-first District ofifi- cers were immediately despatched to the scene, and they went down on a double-quick. The smoke and flames attracted a great crowd to the conflagration, but the ofificers maintained good order and saved most of the train. The incendiary, one William Clark, was arrested and sentenced to four years im- prisonment for his act. The policemen were on duty along the tracks in West Philadelphia day and night for seven days. The entire force was called into requisition, and on Monday following the Saturday of the outbreak the lieutenants of the several districts were ordered to select a number of citizens equal to the number of patrolmen in their districts to act as special police- men for patrol duty while the regular force was en- gaged in looking after the strikers. This was done, and about twelve hundred new men sworn into ser- vice by the magistrates. They were on duty by mid- night, guarding the city. The regular force was stationed at the depot. Thirty-second and Market streets, where they slept, and were cared for by the railroad company. Notwithstanding the addition of one thousand two hundred men to the police force matters for a time looked' rather desperate, and Lieutenant Givin conceived the idea of calling out a regiment of vet- erans of the Grand Army of the Republic to assist PAST AND PRESENT. 185 in protecting property and maintaining the peace. At that time Colonel Givin was Department Com- mander of the Grand Army of the Republic of Penn- sylvania, and he telegraphed to all the Post Com- manders in Philadelphia to call their posts together as soon as possible, as he desired to raise a force of one thousand men, and report to him what number each post would furnish. This was early on Tuesday morning, and by four o'clock of that day the several Post Commanders reported nearly one thousand two hundred men ready and awaiting orders. At five o'clock Colonel Givin communicated to Mayor Stok- ley and Colonel Thomas A. Scott, President of the Pennsylvania R. R. Company, the fact that he had one thousand two hundred veterans of the late war ready to move at a moment's notice. This regiment, as Department Commander, Colonel Givin tendered to the Mayor. Upon receipt of this information the Committee of Public Safety, appointed by the Mayor, and who were in session at the depot, ac- cepted the services of the Grand Army men. This action of bringing the Grand Army to strengthen the hands of the civil authorities did more to allay the excitement and overawe those inclined to dis- order, or, in other words, " break the back-bone " of the labor riots, than any other cause. Toward the close of the week troops of the Regular Army of the United States arrived on the ground, and the police- men were relieved from further service at the depot, but were detailed and performed duty for nearly two weeks thereafter in guarding railroad property throughout the city. The regular troops guarded the depot and tracks in West Philadelphia. After j86 the PHILADELPHIA POLICE, being relieved of regular duty at the depot, Lieuten- ant Givin was detailed by Mayor Stokley as drill-mas- ter. He picked over three hundred men from the force who had seen service in the late war, secured arms from Adjutant-General Latta, and drilled these men continuously at the City Armory. With what knowledge they had gained while in army service, they soon became equal in drill to any regular troops. The police captains, lieutenants and ser- geants were also drilled by Lieutenant Givin, so that they might instruct the men in the use of arms and in manoeuvres in their respective divisions and dis- tricts. In connection with this a " baton-drill " was introduced, in which all the policemen were prac- tised. Colonel Givin prepared a manual for the baton-drill, which was similar to a short-sword exer- cise. These drills were kept up until Colonel Givin severed his connection with the police department, and while Chief of Police he gave them his personal supervision. During Chief of Police Givin's tenure of ofifice, he and his force handled the gigantic crowds attending the reception of General Grant on his return from the tour around the world, and the hosts of people present during the week of the bi-centennial celebra- tion in 1882. The chief and his men were sorely taxed both night and day during these events, but good order was maintained, and, considering the number of professional criminals attracted to the city during such times, the town was comparatively free from crime. In fact, during all the time Colonel Givin was chief, the city was remarkably free from PAST AND PRESENT. 187 disaster. There were no serious riots or disorders, neither were there any large burglaries. " My great care," said Colonel Givin recently, " was to prevent crime, and the officers were so in- structed. I believe in nipping trouble in the bud, and not let it grow on you." He always gave credit to the officers for meritorious work performed by them, and did not attempt to appropriate it to him- self or allow it to be given the officers superior in rank. This kept alive the spirit in the men, and made them zealous in the discharge of their duties. He fully organized the special-officer system. The lieutenants of the several districts were instructed to allow the men to work up their cases on their beats, and to lay aside the uniforms for the time being for that purpose. Colonel Givin was a strict discipli- narian, and an earnest and conscientious official. Mayor Samuel G. King referred to him once in these words : " To Chief Givin is due the discipline of the men. I don't think he could be improved upon in the position he occupies. He is a soldier, and understands the enforcement of rules which make this department the equal,. if not the superior, of any." Gol. Givin is a Republican in politics, a member of the German Reformed Church, an earnest tem- perance worker, and a prominent member of the Grand Army of the Republic, which he assisted to organize. He has held every office of honor in the latter organization up to that of Department Com- mander of the State of Pennsylvania. He is Past Master of Roxborough Lodge 135, A. Y. M. ; Past High-Priest of Harmony Chapter, H. R. A. M.; Past Eminent Commander of Philadelphia Commandery i88 THE PHILADELPHIA POLICE, No. 2, K. T.; Junior Grand Warden of the Lodge of Perfection and Senior Grand Warden of Kilwin- ning Chapter Rose Croix, Ancient Scottish Rite. He is also a member of the Grand Lodge of Masons, Grand Holy Royal Arch Chapter, Grand Com- mandery Knights Templars, and Grand Council of Deliberation Ancient Accepted Scottish Rite. He retired from the office of Chief of Police at the end of Mayor King's administration. PAST AND PRESENT. 189 CHAPTER IX. The Force as Perfected. (1884-1887.) MAYOR smith's CAREER.— HLS PLEDGES.— PHYSICAL EX- AMINATIONS. — INCREASE IN HEADQUA"RTERS' STAFF. — SYSTEM OF APPOINTMENT. — REPAIR OF POLICE BOATS AND STATION-HOUSES. — DUTIES OF THE POLICE SURGEON AND SOLICITOR. — THE ALMSHOUSE- AND KING FIRES CAUSE THE CREATION OF A LIFE-SAVING SERVICE. — TRAMP LODGINGS ABOLISHED AND STA- TION-HOUSE MATRONS APPOINTED. — REFORM OF THE VAN SERVICE. — CHANGE IN UNIFORM. One of the most exciting political contests that ever agitated Philadelphia, culminated in the munici- pal election on Tuesday, February 19, 1884. Mayor King was re-nominated by the Democrats, and re- ceived the endorsement of the Committee of One Hundred as the reform candidate. William B. Smith was nominated by the Republicans, and a hotly contested campaign ensued, which resulted in the election of Mr. Smith by a vote of 79,552 to 70,440 for Mr. King. William Burns Smith was born in Glasgow, Scot- land, November 11, 1844. His parents brought him to Philadelphia when they came to America, when William was in his seventh year. After the usual course of study in the public schools at the age of IQO THE PHILADELPHIA POLICE, eleven he was apprenticed to the trade of wood- carving and has been connected with that trade as a manufacturer up to the present time. By his numer- ous society, masonic and miHtary connections he became well known throughout the city. When twenty-five years of age he connected himself with the National Guard of Pennsylvania, joining Co. A. First Regiment, and after fourteen years of service rose to the rank of major of the Veteran Corps. During his connection with the military he partici- pated, with his command, in the riots at Susque- hanna Depot in 1874; at Hazelton, Jeddo and vicinity in 1875, ^""^ ^^ *^^ memorable riots and Round House experience in Pittsburg in 1877. Since his eighteenth year, Mr. Smith has been an active member of the Caledonian Club, and has held every office within the gift of the club, both local and national. His masonic "history is also extensive, reaching through all the grades to the thirty-second degree. His connection with every Republican po- litical organization of note in the city made his name a familiar one in the mouths of political leaders in local politics. More than twenty-two years ago he became a member of the Republican Invincibles, and he has since that time occupied all the higher offices of that organization. He is also a member of the Union League and of the Young Republican Clubs. He has been earnest and active through his political career. He was, in November, 1881, elected with- out opposition to represent the Twenty-eighth Ward in Select Council, to fill the vacancy caused by the resignation of George A. Smith. He received the unanimous vote of the Republican Convention, and WILLIAM B. SMITH, Mayor of Philadelphia. PAST AND PRESENT. ig^ the indorsement of the Committee of One Hundred, which was, in those days, the dictatorial power in politics. In 1882 the Citizens' Reform Association of the Twenty-eighth Ward placed him in nomina- tion after he had been defeated at the primaries. Again the strength of the Committee of One Hun- dred was given him by a formal indorsement of his candidacy, and his name was also placed on the tickets of the Democratic party. He was elected by a plurality of over two hundred votes. Upon the organization of Select Council Mr, Smith was made President of the Chamber after a most exciting con- test, in which twenty-two ballots were taken. In his career in Select Council he was the prime mover in many of the reforms in the various city depart- ments, and in the Gas Trust. While President of the body he proved himself to be an excellent par- liamentarian, calm and impartial in his rulings and a good disciplinarian. It was these qualities which attracted universal attention when a fit candidate was wanted to bring the Republican party back to power in the city government. Mr. Smith was inaugurated Mayor of Philadel- phia, April 7, 1884. In his inaugural address, refer- ring to the police, he said : "The establishment of a police force which will protect life and property, and secure the fearless execution of the laws, will greatly rest upon the organization and the discipline demanded. I shall devote to the service the best of my energies and judg- ment. The selection of those appointed shall be dictated by a desire to secure the best men attainable for the force, and no in- fluence shall prevent the dismissal of those who, by any action or negligence, shall fail to perform their whole duty. Promotion shall be the reward of faithful service, and commanding officers '3 jn^ THE PHILADELPHIA POLICE, shall be required to exact discipline and enforce their authority, and no requirement shall be exacted except that of honesty and fidelity. I shall introduce such measures as will aid in the selection of a force possessing the physical qualifications so indispensable to the performance of duty, having already secured the services of a surgeon, who will examine those now upon the force and here- after to be appointed. The advisability of the appointment of a police surgeon, and also a solicitor, whose duty it shall be to give the force legal aid and advice, without subjecting the men to the payment of an assessment for the purpose, as has been found neces- sary in the past, is recommended to your favorable consideration. Such modification of the present uniform as will tend to increase the pride and spirit of the men in their positions will secure most earnest and positive action. It shall be my endeavor to so direct and control this branch of the government that no question of politics shall impair its efficiencv or prevent its fulfilment of public confidence." Mayor Smith named General James Stewart, Jr., his Chief of Police. When the Mayor entered upon the duties of the office he found it necessary to recommend several additions to his staff. These were : a private sec- retary ; an inspection clerk, whose duty it should simply be to keep up the details of the department, and an additional clerk, to be known as the warrant clerk, who would have charge of the warrants in the department. These additions were granted by Councils. One of the first things which the Mayor did on entering office was to have direct telephone communication between the office and his home, so that he could be communicated with night or day. He had a similar connection established between his place of business and the office. No fire or other matter requiring his attention or presence oc- curred without his being informed by the officer o VI PAST AND PRB;SENT. ,57 in charge. One messenger went on duty at 8 a.m. and left at 4 p.m.; another went on duty at 4 p.m., and was relieved at midnight by a third, who was on duty till 8 A.M. There is a wide difference between the police gov- ernment of this city and the other large cities of the country. Philadelphia has no Police Commissioners. The Mayor discharges the duties elsewhere per- formed by three or five commissioners in addition to the Mayor. New York and Boston spend fully five times as much for police supervision as Philadelphia. The examinations of applicants for positions on the police force aggregated 2415 in December, 1886, and every one of these applications passed through the hands of the Mayor. The applications neces- sitate the use of a set of blanks. The form of application for appointment on the police force adopted by Mayor Smith is as follows : APPLICATION. To William B. Smith, Mayor of Philadelphia. Sir: I beg to make application for appointment as in the Police Department, and submit herewith the following in- formation : Name in full Age, years. Born in Residence, Division, Ward. State whether married or single, State whether previously upon the Police Force ; and if so, give cause of removal - _ 198 THE PHILADELPHIA POLICE, State trade or occupation, with statement of how and by whom employed for the past five years State whether you have been in the military or naval service, and give a memorandum of service In addition to the foregoing, the applicant may submit recom- mendations as to character, ability and intelligence. Recommen- dations from recent employers are especially desirable. This application must be filled up in the handwriting of the applicant, and any misrepresentation of facts will be considered sufficient cause to Render the Application Null and Void. Philadelphia, _ 188 To the Mayor of the City of Philadelphia. SIR:— The undersigned request the appointment of to be on the Police Force of the City of Philadelphia, and individually states that he is personally acquainted with the applicant, and is qualified to speak intel- ligently in relation to his character, habits, and associations, and believes that he is a man of good moral character, orderly in his deportment, not in any respect a violator of law ; not addicted to the excessive use of intoxicating liquor, or other hurtful excesses. That he has not been known (to the undersigned) to get intoxi- cated ; or be guilty of, or arrested for criminal or disorderly conduct ; that he is a man of truth, sound mind, good understand- ing; and in temper, habits and manners fit for a Policeman. We are willing to testify to the above in person. Signature of Petitioners. Residence. Have known Applicant years. PAST AND PRESENT. iqq NOTICE TO PETITIONERS. B^" All appointments to the Force, and promotions in the same, must depend upon the merit and ability of the applicant, and petitions in their behalf must be independent of political or per- sonal considerations or influence. It is therefore required that when a man is appointed upon the Force he must submit to the Rules, Regulations and Orders of the Department, and to seek his advancement by a thorough and faithful discharge of Police duties. In addition to the foregoing application, wliich, by- its terms, is supposed to have been filled in the hand- writing of the applicant, Mayor Smith, as a safeguard against imposition, has provided still another one. This last application, if the first bears on its face the evidence of being regular, the Mayor requires to be filled by the applicant in the office, so that there can be no doubt about the legal qualification required, of being able to read and write the English language intelligently. This second application is as follows : Philadelphia, i88 To William B. Smith, Mayor of Philadelphia : The undersigned, a citizen of Philadelphia, hereby makes ap- plication for appointment as Patrolman in the Police Force of the City of Philadelphia, and for proof of his qualifications for the position would respectfully refer to the following statement, and the petition of citizens accompanying the same. (Signature of Applicant.) Note. — Applicants are required to fill the blanks below in their own hand- writing, without any aid, assistance or suggestions from any other person. This must be done in the office of the Clerk. Any false statement, evasion, or deception, in filling the blanks, will be cause for the rejection of the applica- tion, and the discovery of any such fact after the appointment will be good grounds for removal. What is your name ? When and Where were you born ? 200 THE PHILADELPHIA POLICE, If not born in the United States, have you been Naturalized ; when and where ? What is your height ? ft in. What is your weight? Can you read and write English ? Have you been arrested for any crime or misdemeanor ? Have you resided in the State for the past year continuously? Where do you reside ? Ward Division. Are you married ? What family have you? What has been your occupation for the past fiye years? Have you been in the military service ? If so, designate Were you honorably discharged, and when ? Have you ever been a policeman ? If so give memoranda of same, Have you paid or promised to pay, or given any money or other consideration, to any person, directly or indirectly, for any aid or influence towards procuring your appointment ? I Certify on honor, that the answers which I have written to each of the foregoing questions are true. (Signature.) Should the applicant's request for appointment receive favorable consideration after examination by Mayor Smith, he is ordered to report to the police surgeon, Dr. M. S. French, at the Fifth District Station-House, on Fifteenth Street, above Locust, to undergo a medical examination. The police sur- geon is furnished with a list of persons who are to be examined by him, from the Mayor's ofifice, and ordered to report the result of the examination to the Mayor. The medical examination is a rigid one, as will appear by the surgeon's certificate, which follows : PAST AND PRESENT. PHILADELPHIA POLICE FORCE. No Surgeon's Certificate OP- Physical Examination of Applicants for Appointment. Rule Governing Examinations. The applicant shall be subjected to a thorough examination, taking for the standard perfect health and superior physical development. 1. Name, Age, Nativity, 2. Residence, Occupation, 3. Height [see table below], Weight [see table below], 4. Complexion, Figure and General appearance, 5. Has the applicant sober habits ? 6. Has vaccination been performed and when ? 7. Is vision normal i" Is hearing normal ? 8. What diseases has the applicant had ? 9. How long since the last serious illness ? 10. Has the applicant had any serious or incapacitating injury? 11. Has the applicant any tendency to constitutional disease, such as" phthisis, rheumatism, etc.? 12. Condition of surface of the body, 13. Has the applicant hernia, hemorrhoids, varicose veins, or fistula ? 14. Circumference of chest at forced expiration, On full inspiration, 15. Pulse, Temperature, 16. Condition of the heart and character of its action, 17. Condition of the lungs and character of respiration, 18. Examination of abdomen, . 19. Examination of urine, 202 THE PHILADELPHIA POLICE, The Stature shall not be below i/eet 6 inches ^ Minimum circum- nor the weight below /ercnce 0/ chest corres- that marked as its mi- ponding to height : nimum accompaniment in the subjoined table: ft. in. lis. Height, ft in. Circ. 0/ Chest. inches. 5 6 '32 5 6 32 5 6» 134 5 (A 32i 5 7 '36 5 7 33 5 7i -38 5 2* 33t 5 8 140 5 8 3'', 5 9 W5 5 9 34i 5 10 150 5 '0 35 S " '55 5 " 35i 6 — 160 6 — 36 6 X 165 6 I i6i 6 3 170 6 2 37 6 3 '75 6 3 37* 6 4 180 6 4 38 6 5 '8,5 6 5 38J Remarks. g^There should be a diilerence of at least two inches at forced expiration and on full inspiration. I HEREBY Certify That. has this day been carefully examined by me in accordance with the rule governing examinations, and that in my opinion he has fulfilled the above requirements. M.D., Police Surgeon. Philadelphia 1 88 If the applicant pass through successfully up to this point, and has made out a good prima facie case for the desired appointment by the Mayor, his Honor then addresses a communication to Chief of Police Stewart, who in turn sends it to the lieutenant of the police district in which the would-be wielder-of- the-baton resides. The blanks prepared for this purpose are as follows : PAST AND PRESENT. 203 MAYOR'S OFFICE. No Philadelphia, 188 James Stewart, Jr., Chief of Police, Sir : I desire you to make confidential Inquiry as to the Character, Habits, Associates and Reputation of. who resides at Report to me in writing, without delay, all the information ob- tained. Yours, William B. Smith, Mayor. Clerk. N. B. — Prompt and careful attention to this is requested, and a report on the back of this paper, within three days if practicable. No DEPARTMENT OF POLICE. Philadelphia, mo 188 Lieutenant District. This Communication is referred to you for a careful and con- fidential inquiry. Make your report at earliest practicable mo- ment on this blank, and return it, sealed, to James Stewart, Jr., Chief of Police. No REPORT. James Stewart, Jr., Chief of Police, Sir: ., Lieutenant, .. District. 204 "^^^ PHILAnELPHIA POLICE, There is an additional advantage to the Mayor from the use of this confidential blank, for the lieu- tenant who certifies to the good character of an ap- plicant cannot subsequently complain, with any de- gree of consistency, that the man, who is generally assigned to the particular district whence such cer- tificate comes, turns out badly. The immediate staff of the Mayor, appointed by himself, is as follows : Chief Clerk — Ezra Lukens. Assistant Clerk — J no. W, Frazier. Secretary — J no. G. Schall. Inspection Clerk — Wm. F. Fell. Warrant Clerk — Ben. F. Mecutchen. Messenger — Thos. H. Leabourn. Stenographer and Type-Writer — Robert B. Smith. The police force consists of one chief, four cap- tains, a chief and eight detectives, twenty-eight lieu- tenants, sixty-one sergeants, sixty-three house ser- geants (telegraph operators), ten patrol sergeants, ten patrol drivers, ten patrol officers, four pilots, four engineers, four firemen, five van drivers, and 1250 patrolmen. The Chief of Police is General James Stewart, Jr., and he has the following staff: Clerk to Chief — Joseph W. Thompson. Police Clerk — J no. B. Moffitt. (Central Station.) Fire Marshal — J no. W. Emery. Police Surgeon — M. S. French, M.D. The Captains of Police are : First Division, Thomas Brown ; Second Division, Charles B. Ed- gar ; Third Division, Harry M. Quirk; Fourth Di- vision, Jacob Allbright. The salaries of lieutenants are, $1,092.50; sergeants, $1,028.28; house ser- PAST AND PRESENT. 205 geants, $950; policemen, $2.38 per day when on actual duty. The veterinary surgeon to the de- partment is Alexander Glass, No 2006 Bainbridge Street. The superintendent of stock, vans, etc., is Joseph Malatesta, who is also captain of the police patrol service. The detective department consists of the follow- ing : Chief — Francis R. Kelly. Detective officers — James Donaghy, Peter Miller, William Hulfish, Kerlin Bond, Thomas Crawford, Joseph Houser and Theodore Eckstein. Besides these there are a number of officers assigned from the districts to do duty as detectives at the Central Office and who are under the immediate control of Chief Kelly. At the beginning of Mayor Smith's term an inspec- tion of the police boats revealed the fact that their condition was such as to render it probable that at any moment they might be unable to perform the service for which they are intended. The hulls had become badly impaired from use, and the engines were much deteriorated from the same cause. The fire-pump on the King was not at all adapted for fire service. After repeated appeals, sufficient money was se- cured to authorize the rebuilding of the Stokley, which was done in the most thorough manner. Every- thing was removed from the tug, the hull strength- ened and repaired, new houses and decks were con- structed, new fittings introduced, and the machinery completely overhauled, and portions rebuilt. The expenditure of $8000 rendered the Stokley fairly 2o6 THE PHILADELPHIA POLICE, worthy of the service to which she was assigned on the Delaware. The work was completed early in 1884. The following year an attempt was made to secure the authority of Councils for the rebuilding of the King, the Schuylkill River police boat. After the most urgent appeals an amount of money was secured which left a deficiency of $20ancis McGurk, a saloon keeper at Lehigh Avenue and Salmon Street. The goods were found to be a portion of the booty taken by burglars from the shoe store of Mrs. Desbayea, at Frankford Road and Somerset Street. Mc- Gurk and Farley were arrested, and at a hearing before a mag- istrate pleaded guilty. Both men belong to the 17th Ward gang, 344 THE PHILADELPHIA POLICE, of which "Stump" Malone, "Lefty" McQuillan, and the other habitues of Cunningham's den are members. Captain Quirk has a good force of officers under him and he has them well disciplined. The men all bear testimony to his ef. ficiency as a commander and the citizens of his division to his at- tention to their interests. Captain JACOB ALLBRIGHT commands the Fourth Division of the Philadelphia police, and has his headquarters at the Twenty- third District Station-House at Twentieth and Jefferson streets. The Fourth Division includes the Thirteenth, Fourteenth, Twenty- second and Twenty-third districts, with four sub-stations,' and cov- ers the territory from Poplar Street north to the county line, lying west of Broad Street. Captain Allbright is a native Philadelphian, having been born here on April 7, 1837. His education he re- ceived in the public schools of the city. Stove-moulding was his election when told to choose a trade, and he learned and worked at that until he was twenty-three years old. In May, i860. Mayor Alexander Henry appointed him to a position on the police force, and he was assigned to duty in the Seventh District, which included the Eleventh and Twelfth wards. By Mayor McMichael he was, in the fall of 1866, transferred to the Delaware Harbor Police, where he remained for three months until he was transferred to the Central Station as one of the nine day-sergeants, who were under the direct orders of Chief of Police Samuel G. Ruggles for " duty at large." After Mayor Fox's inauguration in 1869 politi- cal changes in the force required Sergeant Allbright's removal, and in May of that year he abandoned the police service and took the position of visitor of the poor, an office which existed at that time under the Board of Guardians of the Poor. His duties were confined to the Eleventh and Twelfth wards, a section with which he had familiarized himself when act- ing as patrolman of the Seventh Police District. He remained in this position until April i, 1876, when he was recalled to the service by Mayor Stokley, who appointed him lieutenant of the Seventh District. During Mayor Stokley's second term he had considerable trouble with the officers of this district. Cliques had been formed by the men and the district had become disor- ganized, and there was continual trouble between the patrolmen and their superior officers. In the attempt to get better organiza- tion into the district the Mayor had changed the lieutenant three JACOB ALLBRIGHT, Captain of the Fourth Division. PAST AND PRESENT. 2^y times, but the changes were fneffectual. Finally his choice fell upon Jacob Allbright, who when in the department had made a record for himself as a good officer and an energetic man, pos- sessed of clear judgment and promptitude in action. He of- fered Mr. Allbright the position, and the latter, after three days' hesitation, accepted. He secured the appointment of competent and reliable sergeants under him, and then set about reorganizing his force. He broke up the cliques and settled all the little dif- ferences and dissatisfactions among the men, and in a short time the Seventh District was patrolled by a force second to none in the city. He continued in the capacity of lieutenant of that dis- trict through the terms of mayors. Stokley and King until June, 1884, when he was promoted to the captaincy of the Fourth Division, a vacancy having been caused by the death of Captain Godbou. He held command of that division until the inaugura- tion of Mayor William B. Smith, when a number of his friends, under the mistaken idea that they were favoring him, obtained his transfer back to the Seventh District as lieutenant. He was again rai.sed to the rank of captain on January i, 1886. During his term of service in the city police department as patrolman, sergeant, lieutenant and in his present office. Captain Allbright has made for himself a reputation as an efficient officer, prompt to act, kind to his men, though a strict disciplinarian, and fearless of danger. He had for six years, when patrolman of the Seventh District, one of the hardest beats in the district. It took in the Delaware River front from Noble to Green and extended west to Third. Front and Fairmount Avenue and Front and Callowhill were at that time infested with crowds of corner loungers. Many of these were thieves and amateur highway- men, and nearly all were young toughs. Patrolman Allbright kept these crowds on the move, and finally broke them up entirely and sent several of them to the penitentiary. One afternoon in 1877 " Ninie " Jones, a member of one of these crowds, in company with a " pal," played policeman on a countryman and robbed him. Each put on a tin star, and they then told the countryman they were going to arrest him, and made him give up his money and effects. Officer Allbright apprehended the pair and had them sent to the penitentiary for two years. In those days the Delaware River front was infested with thieves who preyed upon the vessels at the docks, and made it unsafe for 348 THE PHILADELPHIA POLICE, vessel owners to quit their vessels without leaving a strong guard on board. Vigilance on the part of Officer AUbright resulted in the arrest and conviction of these depredators, and as a conse- quence river thieving on his beat became an infrequent crime. The numerous dance-houses along the river, by reason of the hard class of men and women they drew together, made that part of his beat dangerous, as canal men and sailors on shore for a spree engaged in frequent rows which he had to quell, frequently at the risk of his life. One of the dangers of that bad beat was that of being waylaid by some of the thieves who haunted il. One night Officer AUbright was struck on the head by some one, and the blow left him senseless for nearly two hours in the middle of Delaware Avenue. During the political campaign of i860, when the adherents of Douglas, Breckenridge and Lincoln held frequent parades, Officer AUbright was beaten into insensibility and left lying in the street by a mob of Breckenridge Democrats. The Democrats were parading and Officer AUbright stood in front of the headquarters of the German Republicans, now Scheutzen Hall, on Third Street below Green. The paraders, when they arrived in front of the place, broke ranks and attacked the house, broke in the doors and smashed the windows with stones and clubs. Officer All- bright bravely attempted, single-handed, to keep back the mob, and was knocked down by a blow of a club, and was kicked from one side of Third Street to the other, and left lying in the street, bleeding and unconscious. The most important arrest Captain AUbright ever made was one which finally resulted in unravelling the mystery of the celebrated Beneficial Saving Fund robbery. The brightest of American " Knights of the Jimmy " were concerned in the exploit, and after a large share of the money had been returned, each member of the gang took for his portion over $20,000. The bank was robbed early in 1869 by Jimmy Hope, " Big Frank " McCoy, Joe Howard, " Big Nell " Burnett, and another well-known burglar. The Bene- ficial Saving Fund Bank is at the south-west corner of Twelfth and Chestnut. Near the rear of the building there was a hallway, lead- ing up stairs. There was a window opening into this hallway, and it was through this window, after tearing off the iron shutter, that the burglars entered the bank, some time on Saturday night or Sunday morning. They carried in with them several heavy joists PAST AND PRESENT. 349 as levers. With the favorite cracksman's tool of that day, " the ripper," they tore off the doors from the vaults and safes, and car- ried off gold, notes and United States bonds to the amount of nearly a million dollars. Some time after the robbery a man went to Drexel's banking house and sold one of the $5000 bonds. After he had left, Cashier Kmmett discovered that it was one of those which had been taken from the Beneficial Saving Fund Bank. He went to the Fourth District Station-House and reported the affair, but not sat- isfied with the activity of the officials there he went to the Seventh District and told what occurred, and gave a description of the man. Captain Allbright, who was then simply a patrolman, thought he recognized the description, and though laughed at by his brother officers went with Mr. Emmett, and, guided by nothing but the man's description, found him, after a long and tiresome search, in his tavern on Fairmount Avenue, between Twenty-second and Twenty-third streets. The man was Jacob Glassmire, and Mr. Emmett positively identified him as the person who had sold the bond. As soon as the news of the arrest was made known to the detective department, Chief Ben Franklin telegraphed orders that the man should be sent there, and the case was thus taken out of Patrolman AUbright's hands. Glassmire was discharged, but the clew was obtained which did the officers much service in following up the case. Captain Allbright has figured as principal in some large movements, to one of which is directly traceable the second election of Governor Geary. During the second Geary campaign there lived in the same di- vision of AUbright's ward a German named Eckfeldt, who kept a low lodging-house filled principally with foreigners. One of the lodgers had a personal difficulty with his landlord and was thrown out. In revenge he welit to the Central Police Station and re- vealed a scheme by which Eckfeldt was supplied with naturaliza- tion papers in bulk, signed with Supreme Court Prothonotary Snowden's name, and sealed with the court's seal. At this time Allbright was day-sergeant, and while his fellow-officers laughed at him, as they had before, he put some faith in the man's story and determined to take the case in hand. No corroboration of the story could be obtained, but with a full knowledge of the risk. Sergeant Allbright took three or four other officers, and without a warrant entered the house and "arrested" Eckfeldt. He 35° THE PHILADELPHIA POLICE, weakened and confessed, opening a cabinet in which were a large batch of naturalization papers, filled out and sealed, ready to be delivered to any one who would vote the Democratic ticket. The importance of the discovery was not known until further in. vestigation revealed that this was only one branch of the plot by which the Slate was flooded with such papers. It was this scheme which gave rise to the nickname " coffee pot," it being alleged at the time that the papers had been soaked in coffee grounds to give the appearance of age. The result was that all Supreme Court naturalization papers, good as well as bad, were refused at the polls, and Governor Geary was elected by a very narrow margin. The closeness of the vote shows how important was Sergeant Allbright's capture. In the railroad riots of 1877 Captain Allbright was lieutenant of the Seventh Police District, and he was in the charge which drove the rioters through the cut and over the hill into Thirty-second Street, West Philadelphia. After the serious aspect had worn off of affairs in West Philadelphia, he was detailed to take his district force and guard the Philadelphia and Reading station at Ninth and Green streets, and he remained on duty there until the troubles were over. He was still lieutenant of the Seventh District, when, on the morning of October 7, 1884, Richard Treuke, a compositor on the German paper, the Frie Presse, shot and killed Augusta Zimm, a married woman with whom he was intimate. Treuke and Mrs. Zimm had carried on their clandestine relation for nearly two years, and it was the occasion of many bitter quarrels between the woman and her husband. On the morning of the murder, Treuke called on Mrs. Zimm and induced her to take a walk with him. At Willow Street and York Avenue Treuke drew a new revolver, which he had purchased that morning, and shot Mrs. Zimm in the left breast. She died within a half hour. The murderer was arrested on the spot where he had committed the crime, and he was too drunk to give any reason for the shooting. He afterwards stated that he in- tended to shoot himself after killing the woman, but that his cour- age had failed. This statement was to some extent borne out by a letter found in the murdered woman's pocket addressed to Er- nest Zimm, her husband, which read as follows : " Dear Ernest : — Forgive us the step we have taken ; we acted with deliberation. Live happy and remember us. " Richard and Augusta." PAST AND PRESENT 35 1 On the back of ilie sheet was written : "We die together and we wish to be buried together. " Richard and Augusta." Lieutenant Allbright took charge of the case and was active in the prosecution of the murderer. I'reuke was convicted and sentenced to be hanged, and paid the penahy of his crime on tlic gallows a year later. The only military service Captain Allbright did was to act as recruiting officer at an office at Fifth and Prune streets when the Hancock Veterans were organized. He was given leave of absence to do this work by Mayor Alexander Henry, at the solicitation of citizens of the P^levenih Ward. Cap- tain AUbright has a record that he is justly proud of, and since his promotion to the captaincy his thorough knowledge of police duties has enabled him to give his division thorough organization. j^2 THE PHILADELPHIA POLICE, CHAPTER XIV. The Body of the Force. formation, achievements and character of the re- serves. — lieutenant erode, his services and re- SPONSIBILITY. — SERGEANT MALIN, THE LIBERTY BELL'S GUARDIAN. — THE MEN AND THEIR RECORDS. — LIEU- TENANT WARNOCK AND THE FIRST DISTRICT. — SER- GEANTS CHARLTON AND CALHOUN, CHADWICK AND BELL. — RECORDS OF THE MEN. A HISTORY of the " Reserve Corps " of the Philadelphia Police would itself fill a volume. It is a body of picked men, and has been an institution of Philadelphia of which every citizen is justly proud since the day it was founded by Mayor Vaux. Orig- inally, as the name implies, this body of policemen was formed to be held in " reserve " for any emergency which might arise, and require a large number of officers to be at a given place in the quickest possible time. Their patrol duty is now limited to Chestnut Street, from the Delaware River to Fifteenth Street, and on Eighth Street from Chestnut to Arch. Reserve officers are also stationed on Market Street at Seventh and at Third, at the Market Street ferries and at the Pennsylvania Freight Depot at Walnut Street wharf. The immense wagon traffic on Delaware Avenue requires the constant attention of the officer stationed at the ferries, and his time is continually occupied in preventing and breaking blockades of vehicles and providing for the safe passage of the crowds of people to the ferries. The heavy wagon traffic is what necessitates the presence of the reserve officers at Seventh and Market, Third and Market and Eighth and Arch streets. The headquarters of the Reserve Corps are at the Central Police Station at Fifth and Chestnut streets, where they have been since the establishment of the corps. WALTER lilJODE, Ji:., Lieutenant <'f tlie Reserve (. or])s. l^AST AND PRESENT. 3SS Upon the death in 1884 of Lieutenant Crout, for so many years the gallant commander of the Reserves,. Sergeant Erode was ele- vated to the lieutenancy of the Reserve Corps by Mayor Smith. Lieutenant WALTER ERODE, Jr., was born in Philadelphia on Oct. 18, 1847, and is consequently in the prime of his manhood. At nineteen years of age he enlisted, in April, 18O6, in the 215th Regiment of Pennsylvania Volunteers and served seven months. On December 4, 1866, he re-enlisted in the Tenth U. S. Infantry and served until mustered out on December 4, 1868. Not yet sati- ated with military glory, and enamoured of the life of the soldier, he again enlisted, in January, 1869, in the Fifth U. S. Artillery, where he served for five years and made for himself an honorable service record. His first appointment in the police department of the city was on June 2, 1875, when Mayor Stokley made him a patrol- man of the Twelfth District. Since that time his advancement has been rapid up to the present time, when he commands the choice force of the department. Mayor Stokley transferred him to the Reserve Corps on November 30, 1878, and made him ser- geant of the corps, in which position he called to himself the at- tention of his superiors by the able manner in which he seconded the efforts of his lieutenant, and carried out the intentions and orders of the head of the department. On September 19, 1884, he received his present appointment from Mayor Smith, and the condition of discipline among this choice body of officers shows that no mistake was made by the Mayor when he conferred the lieutenancy on Sergeant Erode. The amount of the business and moneyed interests of the Reserve District show the responsibility laid upon these officers. Chestnut Street from the Delaware River, with all its banks, its trust and safe deposit companies, where millions are stored and where thousands are carried in and out every day ; its shops of all kinds, jewellery stores, diamond stores, the large hotels, the Post-Office, the Mint and a number of other places must be and is under Lieutenant Brode's constant surveillance. He has kept his corps in the splendid state of dis- cipline in which it was- left by Lieutenant Crout. By an oversight the books of record of the Reserves during the administrations of mayors Stokley and King were burned by be- ing stored over the furnace in the station-house, and thus the per- sonal records of many of the officers were lost. Sergeant EDWARD W. MALIN was born in Delaware County, 3S6 THE PHILADELPHIA POLICE, Pennsylvania, oti September lo, 1845. From September i, 1871, to September i, 1877, Mr. Malin was paper-register clerk of the United States Government at Glenn Mills, Delaware County, Penn., by direct appointment of Secretary Bristow, of the U. S. Treasury Department. At Glenn Mills all the paper used for U. S. Treasury notes was manufactured, and every sheet of it passed, while he held the position, under the immediate inspec- tion of Clerk Malin. He has been in the Reserve Corps nine years, having been appointed by Mayor Stokley on November 23, 1877. His stand for many years was at Broad and Chestnut streets, where his magnificent physique and his good looks made him a noticeable object of observation. When Sergeant Brode was fwomoted to the lieutenancy, Officer Malin was, on September 19, 1884, advanced to the grade of sergeant of the Reserves. Sergeant Malin was detailed by Mayor Smith to take charge of the Liberty Bell on its journey to the World's Cotton Centennial . and Exposition at New Orleans in 1885. The bell was sent away on January 23, 1885, and was returned in June of the same year, and during the five months of its absence from its accus- tomed place in Independence Hall it was under the care and charge of the sergeant and reserves Newman and Patton. House- Sergeant N. P. MURPHY, of the Central Station, was born in Philadelphia, September 8, 1825. Before he became con- nected with the police department Mr. Murphy was a commission merchant. He \yas appointed house-sergeant by Mayor King on July 12, 1883. House-Sergeant CHARLES H. RHODES was born in Phila- delphia, and is 54 years old. He was formerly a brick-layer and builder. Mayor Smith appointed him house-sergeant immedi- ately after his inauguration in April, 1884. Reserve HENRY BECHTILL was born in Philadelphia on August 26, 1845. He was appointed on the police force on Jan- uary I, 1872, by Mayor Stokley, and served eight years and four months until his resignation. Mayor King reappointed him on March 13, 1883, and assigned him to the Reserve Corps. Honorable service in the 44th and the 198th regiments of the Pennsylvania Volunteers bestows upon Officer Bechtill the right to wear the red service-stripe. Reserve ISAAC J. LAUBER is a native of Easton, Pa. He has served twenty-two years in the department, having been ap- PAST AND PRESENT. 357 pointed by Mayor Henry on November 19, 1862. He was out of the service during the administration of Mayor Fox. He served three months in Co. D, 17th Regiment Pennsylvania Volunteers. Reserve LEONARDT EBERHARDT was born in Germany March 6, 1839. He has been on the force continuously since his appointment on February i, 1882, by Mayor King. He served during the war for three years in the Fifth Pennsylvania Cavalry, and for one year in the 3d U. S. Volunteers. He bears the scar of a wound received at Stony Creek. Reserve JAMES A. JACKAWAY was born in Philadelphia on February 4, 1844. He was appointed on the force by Mayor Stokley on August 14, 1876. On May 23, 1878, he resigned from the Reserve Corps to take other employment. Mayor Smith reap- pointed him a reserve officer on September 14, 1884. During the war he served from October 10, 1861, to October 20, 1864, in the 90th Pennsylvania Volunteers. Reserve URIAH STRUNK was born in Philadelphia on De- cember 2, 1837. He was appointed to a place in the police de- partment on January i, 1872, by Mayor Stokley. He was promot- ed to the rank of sergeant of the Eighteenth District on De- cember 3, 1875, and served in that position for eight years, when he left the department. He was reappointed and assigned to the Reserve Corps in January, 1885, by Mayor Smith. His most im- portant arrest was made in 1873, when he captured George Welch for the killing of his mother, Elizabeth Welch. Young Welch was found to be insane and was sent to the State insane asylum. Reserve ALBERT R. JONES was born in Philadelphia on April 28, 1844. He was appointed to the police department on April 8, 1872, by Mayor Stokley. On November 14, 1877, ^^ ^^' signed and was reappointed on April 7, 1879, by Mayor Stokley. On September 13, 1876, Reserve Jones arrested Frank Howard and Henry Marshall, two pennyweight thieves, at Sherr's jewellery store, 726 Chestnut Street, for larceny. Each received two years in the Eastern Penitentiary. During the Pennsylvania Railroad riots, in 1877, Reserve Jones was stationed at Callowhill Street bridge, and had under his charge eighty men. On March 22, 1881, he ar- rested George Rush, alias " Buck Taylor," and W. W. Fisher, alias " Little Horace," for burglary at Charles Foley's establish- ment. No. 9 North Seventh Street. Reserve GILBERT L. FORSYTH was born in Bordentown, 3^8 THE PHILADELPHIA POLICE, New Jersey, on August 15, 1847. He was appointed on the force on January i, 1882, by Mayor King, and has been in continuous ser- vice since. Reserve THOMAS M. SMITH was born in Philadelphia on October 9, 1839. He was appointed on the police force on Janu- ary I, 1866, by Mayor McMichael. He was dismissed by Mayor Fox when the latter took his seat, and he remained out of the de- partment until reappointed on May 15, 1884, by Mayor Smith. Three months in the United States service during the war is the extent of his army record. Reserve GEORGE W. JONES was born in Roxborough, Pa., on November 4, 1845. Mayor Stokley appointed him a patrolman of the Thirteenth District on September 6, 1875. On February 6, 1876, he was transferred to the Reserve Corps by Mayor Stokley, and he has remained in that branch of the service since. Reserve THOMAS H. NEWMAN was born in New York City on November 2, 1838. He was appointed on the police force by Mayor Henry on January 14, 1865. Officer Newman was one of the guard of twelve men detailed under Harrison G. Clarke, at that time high constable, to guard the body of President Abraham Lincoln from Harrisburg to Philadelphia. After Mayor Fox had been inaugurated Officer Newman resigned, and remained out of the service until Mayor Stokley's accession to the position of head of the municipal government, when that Mayor reappointed Officer New- man. He was detailed as one of the three guards of the Liberty Bell in its journey to New Orleans. During his career, such well known criminals as Jimmy Hagerty, Shay Nolen, Jerry Eaton and Johnny Tobin passed through his hands to the secure side of prison walls. Reserve JAMES J. DUCHAR was born in New York on January 25, 1839. He was appointed a patrolman of the First Police Dis- trict in November, 1874, and was transferred to the Reserve Corps on November 10, 1877. He served three months in the army dunng the war, and did eleven months provost-guard duty in Phil- adelphia. Reserve JACOB P. REIFF was born in Philadelphia on No. vember 14, 1849. He was appointed on the police force by Mayor Stokley on November 5, 1875, and served until March 13, 1877, when he resigned. He was out of the service but a few months, Mayor Stokley reappointing him on October 7, 1877. PAST AND PRESENT. 3jg Before becoming connected with the city police department he was for a year and a half one of the Fairmount Park Guards. Reserve CHARLES R. GRACE was born in Philadelphia on August II, 1837. He was appointed a patrolman of the Twenty- second District by Mayor Stokley on September 15, 1875. On January i, 1882, he resigned to take a posiiion as special officer for the Reading Railroad. He was appointed to a place on the Reserve Corps by Mayor Smith on May 15, 1884. Reserve ROBERT MOFFIT was born in Philadelphia on July 23, 1859. He was appointed on May 15, 1884. His stand is at Eighth and Chestnut, one of the hardest in the city, as at certain hours of the day two continuous streams of people, from Eighth Street and Chestnut Street, meet at that point, and it is watchful Officer Moffit's duty to obtain for them safe passage through the processions of wagons that fill both streets at this point. Reserve WILLIAM DAVID MITCHELL was born in Cleve- land, Ohio, on February 7, 1842. He was appointed on the Reserve Corps by Mayor Stokley on December 27, 1875, and has served continuously since. He was in the service of the United States in the Pennsylvania Volunteers for over three years of the war, and took part in every action shared by his command. Reserve WILLIAM A. DOUGHERTY was born in Philadel- phia on July 13, 1850. He was appointed a patrolman of the Fourteenth Police District by Mayor Stokley on March 6, 1879, and was transferred to the Reserves on May 14, 1884, by Mayor Smith. Officer Dougherty's stand is at Eighth and Chestnut streets, and his duties are similar to and as difficult as those of Officer Moffit. Reserve ALEXANDER FLYNN has been on the force since January i, 1872, when he was appointed by Mayor Stokley. He served three years in the United States Army as a member of Co. "M," Third Regiment Pennsylvania Volunteers, and participated with his command in twenty-four battles and skirmishes. Reserve DANIEL KENDIG was born in York, Pa., on August 9, 1821. He was appointed to the police department on April 15, 1862, by Mayor Henry. He served through Mayor Henry's term and about six months under Ma)'Or Fox, after which he re- signed. Mayor Stokley reappointed him on January i, 1872, and he has been in continuous service since. The total number 360 THE PHILADELPHIA POLICE, of years which he has spent in the police department amount to twenty-two. Reserve WILLIAM C. WOLf was bom in Philadelphia on May 29, 1843. He Was appointed by Mayor Stokley on Decem- ber 4, 1872. On December 13, 1879, he severed his connection with and remained out of the department until reappointed by Mayor Smith on May 10, 1884. Reserve JOHN ROLLINGS is the largest man in the police department of Philadelphia. He stands six feet eight and one-half inches in height and weighs three hundred and thirty pounds. He was born in Lancaster, Pa., July i6, 1844. He was appointed by Mayor Stokley on April i, 1876, and served up to ihe time of his resignation, on January 7, 1882, when he went to Washington, where he served as a guard at the Capitol until his dismissal at the change of administration. He was reap- pointed by Mayor Smith on January 11, 1886. Officer Rollings served one year on the New York police force, where he was known as the " Broadway giant. " Reserve TAYLOR B. INGRAM was born in Philadelphia on April 27, 1846. He was appointed on February 10, 1866, by Mayor McMichael. During Mayor Fox's administration he was out of the department, but was reappointed by Mayor Stokley upon his inauguration in 1872. He arrested and had sentenced for three years in the Eastern Penitentiary John Cassidy and James Johnson for burglary in this city, and David Mullen for burglary in Delaware County. He enlisted in the Fourth Union League Regiment on January 4, 1864. Reserve FRANCIS J. LEADEN was born in Philadelphia July 29, 1854. After serving six months on the Park Guard in 1876, he was in October of that year appointed patrolman in the Third District. In January, 1885, Mayor Smith promoted him to the position of sergeant of the Police Patrol No. i, in which capacity he served until April, 1886, when he was dismissed from the department. He was reappointed in the same month by Mayor Smith and was made one of the Reserves. Reserve SAMUEL CAVEROW was born in Philadelphia on October 29, 1843. He served under Mayor Stokley, by whom he was appointed January i, 1872, as patrolman of the Twelfth District, and was afterwards transferred to the Reserves by Mayor King. Mayor Smith reappointed him on January 9, 1886. PAST AND PRESENT. 361 Reserve WILLIAM HOLLSWORTH was born in Philadel- phia on May 29, 1843. He was appointed on the force by Mayor Stokley on January i, 1875, and has been in continuous service since that time. He served a year in the cavalry during the war. Reserve JOHN COUSINS was born in Ireland on July 17, 1844. He has been on the police department since May 24, 1873, when he was appointed by Mayor Stokley. Reserve WILLIAM J. DANNKNHAUER was born in Phila- delphia on August I, 1843. He was appointed by Mayor Stokley on January i, 1872, as patrolman of the Tenth l^islrict and was afterwards transferred to the Reserves. Walter Buflfin, a " win- dow smasher," and Charles P. Scott, a pickpocket, both have Officer Dannenhauer to thank for three-year terms in the Eastern Penitentiary. Reserve JOHN PATTON was born in Ireland. He was ap- pointed by Mayor Stokley on March 3, 1879. He was one of the three who were detailed to accompany the Liberty Bell to New Orleans in 1885. Reserve JOHN H. SWOPE was born in Washington County, Maryland, on April 15, 1844. He was appointed by Mayor Stokley on May 8, 1876, as patrolman of the Twenty-first District and was transferred to the Reserves in August, 1886. He served during the war in Company " A," Seventh Maryland Volunteers. He arrested a highway robber named Miller in i88r, and was in- strumental in having him sent to Cherry Hill for three years, and " Bush " Nevils, a burglar, owes a five-year " stretch " in the same retreat to Officer Swope. Officer Swope has saved two per- sons from drowning since becoming connected with the depart- ment. One of these was a woman who jumped off the Chestnut Street bridge into the Schuylkill River in an attempt to commit suicide. Reserve WILLIAM SEARCH was born in Philadelphia on August 12, 1843. He was appointed on the Reserve Corps by Mayor Stokley on January i, 1872. Reserve SYLVESTER KEYSER was born in Philadelphia on February 6, 1843. He was appointed as a member of the Re- serves by Mayor Stokley in August, 1875. He has a splendid war record, having entered the army as a private soldier in a Michigan regiment on June 2, 1861, and risen to the rank of -62 THE PHILADELPHIA POLICE, brevet major of the U. S. Volunteers in four years. The latter rank was conferred upon him " for meritorious conduct at Peters- burg, Va." He bears the scars of two wounds received in action, one on the hip and another through the neck. Reserve GEORGE W. WALLACE was born in Philadelphia on July 4, 1845. He was appointed on the Reserve Corps on May 13, 1884, by Mayor Smith. Reserve JOHN A. NICHOLSON was born in Philadelphia on April 4, 1844. Mayor Smith appointed him on the Reserve Corps May 28, 1884. His war record extends over two years, and includes, besides active service under generals Hunter and Sheridan, one month of inactivity and suffering in a Southern prison. Reserve PHILIP GEIGER was born in Philadelphia on May 3, 1857. He was appointed to the police force by Mayor Stokley in March, 1878. He arrested Richard Lloyd for murder on May 14, 1880. Reserve THEODORE QUINTEN was born in Baltimore, Md., December 5, 1849. He was appointed on the force Sep- tember 3, 1884, by Mayor Smith. Reserve SAMUEL L. MILLER was born in Philadelphia on April 3, 1836. He was appointed on the force on January 23, 1878, by Mayor Stokley, as a patrolman of the Tenth District, and was afterwards transferred to the Reserves. He served in the Federal army during the war. Reserve JOHN HUMPHRIES was born in Philadelphia on February i, 1847. He was appointed by Mayor Smith on May 12, 1884. He is detailed as messenger at the Mayor's office. Reserve LAFAYETTE SHOLTZ was born in Philadelphia on October 16, 1841. Mayor Smith appointed him on the force on April I, 1886. Reserve JOSEPH G. WILLS was born in Philadelphia. He was appointed by Mayor Stokley on January i, 1872, as patrol- man of the Twelfth District and was afterwards transferred to the Reserve Corps. His war service consisted of four years' service in the Quartermaster's department, at Alexandria, Va. Reserve FRANK GRUBER was born in New Orleans on October 7, 1840. Mayor Stokley appointed him on the force on January i, 1872, as patrolman of the Twenty-third District. He was afterwards transferred to the Reserves. He served four PAST AND PRESENT. 363 vears under Mayor Stokley and resigned and was out o£ service until Mayor Smith reappointed him on January 31, 1886. Officer Gruber bears the scars of wounds received at Bull Run, Sulphur Spring and Fredericksburg while in the Union army. Reserve THOMAS GILLINGHAM was born m Philadelphia on May 30, 1845. He was appointed on the Reserve force on January i, 1872, by Mayor Stokley, and has served continuously since. On June 27, 1875, he arrested John Hart for the murder of Michael Kervin. Hart went to the penitentiary for nine years. In 1882 he rescued a man from drowning at Clyde's Wharf, with deeds and bonds on his person valued at $5000. Reserve ANDREW J. ATKINSON was born in Philadelphia on January 27, 1855. He was appointed on May 4, 1876, by Mayor Stokley as a patrolman of the Third District. He was out of the department for some time under Mayor Stokley and was reappointed by Mayor King. Reserve HENRY HUMPHRIES was born in Ireland on January 17, 1837. He was appointed to a place in the depart- ment on January i, 1872, by Mayor Stokley, as sergeant of the Eighteenth District. He was out of the department three months m 1876, and was reappointed as a Reserve in the same year. He served through the war and was wounded at the battle of Gettysburg. Reserve JOSEPH K. ASHTON was born in Philadelphia on May 27, 1837. He was appointed to the department on July 9, 1876, by Mayor Stokley, as a patrolman of the Eighth District. He was afterwards transferred by Mayor Stokley. He served through the war in a Pennsylvania regiment, and spent three months in the Rebel prison at Belle Isle. Reserve GEORGE W. MERVINE was born in Philadelphia November 30, 1824. He was appointed by Mayor Henry June 4, i860, was promoted to district sergeant in 1862, and served in that capacity until Mayor Fox's inauguration, when he was dis- missed. He was reappointed by Mayor Stokley, as patrolman of the Twelfth District, and was transferred to the Reserve Corps in 1874. Reserve LEWIS E. DAWSON was born iji Baltimore on December 24, 1834. He was appointed on the Reserve Corps on June 15, 1874, by Mayor Stokley. Reserve THOMAS NICHOLSON was born in Philadelphia on 364 THE PHILADELPHIA POLICE, August 24, 1840. He was appointed on March 6, 1879, by Mayor Stokley after having served eight years in the paid fire department, as foreman of truck " A,'' and as assistant engineer. He has an honorable war record. Reserve EDMUND Y. ASHTON was born in Philadelphia. He was appointed by Mayor Smith on May 18, 1884. Reserve GILBERT CARNS was born in Philadelphia on Octo- ber 21, 1833. He was appointed to the police department on May 13, 1861, by Mayor Henry; resigned in 1863, and was reappointed on the Reserve Corps by Mayor Smith on April 16, 1886. THE FIRST DISTRICT. WILLIAM WARNOCK, lieutenant of the First District, was born in RathmuUen, County Donegal, Ireland, August 15, 1831, and came to America at an early age. He was appointed a patrolman by Mayor Alexander Henry in the Second District June I, 1858, and was transferred to the Third District, Septem- ber, i860, and July, 1861, to the Fourth District. In June, 1863, he was sworn into the United States service for emergency duty as a member of the Henry Guards, and after doing provost duty at Harrisburg for thirty days was honorably discharged with the rank of corporal. In 1864-5, ^^ '^^^ detailed by Lieutenant Bow- ers of the Fourth District for special duty. In July, 1867, he was detailed at the Central Station for detective duty by May- or McMichael, where he served until May, 1869. Mayor Fox discharged him, but on May i, 1876, Mayor Stokley appointed him sergeant in the Centennial Division of the police under Cap- tain William Heins. He had charge at one time of a squad of 135 men. On November 30, 1876, at the close of the Centennial Exhibition, he was appointed on the Reserve Corps. During the railroad riots of 1877, he was detailed by Mayor Stokley to take charge of the men from dififerent districts, who were massed at the railroad station in West Philadelphia under command of Captain Charles Wood. On November 9, 1877, Mayor Stokley promoted him to sergeant of the First District, and on December II, 1878, he was made lieutenant of the same district. In the winter of 1865, while arresting George Mason, a notorious burglar, who afterwards received three years in the Eastern Penitentiary, he was severely beaten about the head. He had WILUAM WAEiNOOK:, Lieutenant of the First District. PAST AND PRESENT. 367 charge of the celebrated Twitchell murder case, and in Novem- ber, 1876, arrested Bella McClain, who poisoned a man in a sa- loon at Forty-first Street and Elm Avenue. She died while serv' ing out a term in the Eastern Peniientiary. The First District Station-House is on Filzwater Street below Twentieth. The district extends from the south side of South Street to the north side of Washington Avenue, and from the west side of Broad Street to the Schuylkill River. The United States Naval Asylum and the United States Arsenal, which are both on Gray's Ferry Road, are the most important public build- ings in his district. Rosengarten & Sons' Chemical Works, one of the largest in the United States, occupying the entire square bounded by Seventeenth, Eighteenth, Fitzwater and Catharine streets, are also in the First District. Sergeant ANDREW CHARLTON was born in Ireland, July 12, 1842. Before becoming connected with the department he followed the trade of stone-cutting. His appointment on the po- lice force was made by Mayor Stokley on January i, 1872. On December ii, 1879, Mayor Stokley promoted him to the rank of sergeant, connected with the First District. Mayor King trans- ferred him to the Fifth District on May 31, 1882, and he served there until transferred back to the First District by Mayor Smith on April 19, 1884. Sergeant ADAM CALHOUN was born in Philadelphia on June 18, 1847. Before becoming attached to the police force his occupation was that of brick-maker. He was appointed as a pa- trolman by Mayor Stokley on January i, 1875. ^^ June, 1877, Mayor Stokley assigned him to duty as special officer of the First District, and he served in that capacity until the time of his appointment as sergeant of the district by Mayor Smith, on August 9, 1886. He served a year in the 112th Regiment Pennsylvania Volunteers, and participated in the battles of the Wilderness, Cold Harbor, and the siege of Petersburg. He was wounded at Chapman's Farm, Va., on September 29, 1864. Among his most important arrests were the following, with the terms of imprison- ment attached : On March 11, 1878, Thomas Martin, burglary, fif- teen months ; March 7, 1877, Michael Haider, burglary, one year ; March 29, 1877, Wil.son Stewart, alias " Reddy," burglary, two years; July 11, 1877, James McDevitt, felonious assault, three years; January 6, 1880, Patrick Carroll, burglary, eighteen 368 THE PHILADKLPHIA rOLICE, months, February 15, 1880, Robert Clemments, burglary, three years; May 3, 1880, Win. Murphy, felony, three years; September 4, 1880, Michael Rafferty, burglary, fifteen months; March 17, 1881, James Marley, house-breaking, two years; March 17, 1881, Walter McVeigh, house-breaking, one year; March 17, 1881, James Clay, house-breaking, one year ; November 6, 1883, James Porter, burglary, two years and six months ; March 30, 1882, John Conway, alias " Ward," house-breaking, eighteen months , April 12, 1884, Arthur Moore, housebreaking, fourteen months; May 6, 1885, John Rile)-, felonious assault, eight years; May 6, 1885, John Kane, felonious assault, five years ; October i, 1885, George Hendrick, alias George Harris, larceny, eighteen months ; June 26, 1885, John Berk, homicide, eighteen months ; April 31 1885, Jos. Truax, false pretence, six years; May 12, 1886, John Conway, alias " Dutch," burglary, three years. House-Sergeant THOMAS I. CHAUWICK was born in Phil- adelphia on July 18, 1844. He learned the business of telegra- phy, and was thereby fitted for the position of house-sergeant, to which he was appointed by Mayor McMichael in August, 1867. Since his appointment he has held the position continuously through the different changes of administration. He is a veteran of the late war, having served three years in the 23d Regiment Pennsylvania Volunteers (Birney's Zouaves), and at the expiration of his term of service he re-enlisted for one year in the 3d Regi- ment United States Veteran Volunteers. House-Sergeant ROBERT J. BELL was born in Baltimore, Md., January 29, 1845. He was appointed as house-sergeant of the First District by Mayor Smith. He served during the war in the First District of Columbia Cavalry Regiment. He was wounded and captured on September 3, 1864, and was held for two months as a prisoner of war at Petersburg, during the siege. He was in the United Slates Signal Service Corps as sergeant, from July 6, 1870, until the expiration of his lerm of service in 1876. Sergeant Bell's most important arrest was that of Joseph McCaf- frey for the larceny of silverware from the rooms of the Cameron Club, on January i, 1885. WILLIAM J. ELLIOTT* was born in Ireland, June 27, 1858. * In this chapter and throughout this volume, officers not designated by other titles may be known as patrolmen, PAST AND PRESENT. 369 He was appointed on the force on September 27, 1880, by Mayor Stokley, and has been in continual service since. THOMAS NEWMAN was born in Philadelphia March 15, 1851. He was appointed on the force by Mayor Smith on April 30, 1884. He arrested John Lynch and John Gaven, on Septem- ber 9, 1884, for larceny, and had them sentenced to fifteen months in the Eastern Penitentiary. THOMAS F. McCURDY was born in Ireland, on March 22, 1851. Mayor Stokley made him a patrolman on April 27, 1880, and he has been in continuous service since. BERNARD COFFEY was born in Ireland on March 17, 1845. He was appointed a patrolman of the Twentieth District by Mayor Stokley in January, 1873, and served until May 18, 1881, when he was discharged by Mayor King. Mayor Smith reap- pointed him on January 16, 1886, and assigned him to duty in the First District. He served two years in the army, during the Rebellion. SAMUEL SMITH was born in Ireland, in February, 1845. He was appointed in January, 1872, by Mayor Stokley and has served continuously since. JOSEPH CHRISTY was born in Philadelphia July 29, 1851. He was appointed on May 3, 1876, by Mayor Stokley and has served up to the present time. ALFRED J HAPLITZ was born in Philadelphia May 27, 1839. He was appointed by Mayor Smith on May 28, 1884. On December 28, 1884, he arrested William J. Noble, a counterfeiter, who was sentenced to a term in the Eastern Penitentiary. He served three years and a half in the Union Army during the war, six months of which time was spent in Southern prisons. JOHN C. McCANDLESS, patrolman, was born in Philadel- phia on November 17, 1853. He was appointed on December 11, 1880, by Mayor Stokley. GEORGE W. JOHNSTON was born in Philadelphia April 28,. 1849. He was made a patrolman by Mayor Stokley on Sep>- tember 21, 1875. HEN^.y ALLEN was born in Philadelphia May 24, 1853. Mayor King appointed him as patrolman on May 22, 1881. Mayor Smith dismissed him in May, 1884, and reappointed him in July, 1884. JOHN LITTLE was born in Ireland February 29, 1820. He 24 370 THE PHILADELPHIA POLICE, was appointed on the force by Mayor Henry on June 14, 1862, and has served under all the succeeding administrations. Officer Little has in his career made many important arrests, but has never kept any record of them. He has been engaged in many conflicts with rioters, chiefly among the rowdy element along the banks of the Schuylkill, and he bears a number of scars to remind him of wounds received during those engagements. Before com- ing to this country he was drill sergeant in the Royal Irish Con- stabulary in the city of Dublin. HARRY KRALL was born in Philadelphia August 8, 1854. He was appointed by Mayor Smith on July 12, 1886. HARRY EILL was born in Philadelphia on August 31, 1855. He was appointed patrolman by Mayor Stokley on September 23, 1879. He arrested, on July 25, 1884, John McGonigle for the murder of his stepfather. McGonigle was sent to the Eastern Penitentiary for a term of six years. On July i, 1885, he arrested Dennis Sulivan for larceny. JAMES PROCTOR was born in Ireland on November 2, 1837. He was appointed by Mayor Stokley on May 27, 1875. He served one year in the navy on board the U. S. S. S. Unaditta, of the North American Squadron. WILLIAM DEVER was born in Philadelphia on March 13, 1858. He was appointed by Mayor Smith on April 30, 1884. ALEXANDER R. CALHOUN was born in Philadelphia on April 14, 1850. He has been in continual service since his ap- pointment as patrolman by Mayor Stokley on January i, 1872. LOUIS E. KEENE was born in Philadelphia in 1849. He was appointed by Ma)'or King on August 16, 1881. He served two years in the U. S. naval service. On the night of September 19, 1882, while quelling a disturbance at the Republican primary election polls. Officer Keene was shot in the head by Irwin Alex- ander, but was not seriously wounded. He arrested Alexander, who was afterwards acquitted through lack of direct testimony. WILLIAM SHIVERS was born in Philadelphia November 10, 1857. He has served on the force since his appointment by Mayor Stokley on January i, 1881. GEORGE WARE was born in Philadelphia on March 14, 1832. He was appointed by Mayor Stokley on January i, 1872. He has made and assisted in making many important arrests but kept no record of them. PAST AND PRESENT. 371 RICHARD JOHNSTON was born in Philadelphia in 1849. He was appointed by Mayor Smith on January 5, 1886. ROBERT BROWN was born in Philadelphia on October 22, 1851. He was appointed by Mayor Stokley on March 8, 1880, and has been in the department since that time. LEWIS WILLIAMS was born in Philadelphia on November 25, 1853. He was appointed by Mayor Stokley on October 5, 1878. JOHN MURDOCK is an Irishman by birth. He was ap- pointed by Mayor Smith on January 16, 1886. GEORGF2 GULP was born in Philadelphia on June 17, 1830. He was appointed by Mayor Henry in July, 1858, and served until the inauguration of Mayor Fox. He was reappointed hy Mayor Stokley on February 3, 1872, and served continuously until the present time. JOHN BERK was born in Philadelphia on March 21, 1835. He was appointed by Mayor Stokley on April 30, 1872, and has been in the department continuously up to the present. Among the professional criminals who were sent to prison through his instrumentality at different times tiie principal ones are Jeff. McCaulley, Mike Hogan, Mose Lathers and " Reddy " Gamble, all burglars. As a Union soldier he served through the entire war, until the surrender of Lee. ROBERT McKENTY was born in Philadelphia on September 3, 1859. He was appointed on the force on July 15, 1884, by Mayor Smith, and appointed special officer on the ist November, 1886. JAMES CAMPBELL was born in Philadelphia on May 25, 1853. He was appointed by Mayor Stokley on May 3, 1876; re- signed June 17, 1881, and was reappointed on March 5, 1886, by Mayor Smith. JAMES JOHNSTON was born in Philadelphia on December 4, 1856. He was appointed by Mayor Smith on April 30, 1884. THOMAS MILLER was born in Philadelphia on April 4, 1853. Mayor Stokley appointed him as a patrolman on August 9, 1878. Among the numerous arrests he made are the following : Charles McAllister, for larceny, George Russel, burglary, George Archer, aggravated assault and battery — five years in the PListern Peniten- tiary; Frank Lappan and William Kurtz, larceny. ,,, THE PHILADELPHIA POLICE, SAMUEL DEVER was born in Philadelphia February 9, 1857. He was appointed by Mayor Smith on February i, 1886. W. K. McBETH was born in Philadelphia on July 25, 1859. He was appointed by Mayor Smith on May i, 1884; transferred to the Seventeenth Dislrict in January, j886, and was returned to the First District in May, 1886. He served three years in the United States naval service. He arrested Samuel RafFerty for nibbing railroad cars in February, 1886. WILLIAM HUN'l'FR was born in Ireland on March 13, 1839. He was appointetl on the force by Mayor Stokley on January i, 1875, and has served since. One year's service in the Keystone Battery is his record as a soldier. JAMES CAMPBELL was born in Philadelphia on October 15, 1853. He was appointed on the police force by Mayor Smith on May I, 1884. FRANK GALLAGHER was bom in Ireland, in 1848. He became a patrohnan by appointment of Mayor Stokley in August, 1880. In 1882 he arrested Kate Burneson for the mur- der of Maggie Curlett, and Henry Swanzberg for house-breaking. In 1884 Daniel Kane was arrested and sent to the Eastern Peni- tentiary for two years, by Officer Gallagher, for burglary. ROBERT R. LOCKHART was born in Ireland on June 17, 1840. He was appointed by Mayor King on January 16, 1883. WILLIAM 15. WATSON was born in Philadelphia March 6, 1849. Appointed to the police force May 29, 1874 by Mayor Stokley. JOSHUA G. BATES was born in England June 21, 1842. He served three years and three months in the army during the late war, enlisting as a private, and was discharged as first lieutenant. Was appointed to the police force by Mavor Smith October 7, 1886. DANIEL G. KERR was born in Philadelphia on August 18, 1852. Appointed to the police force by Mayor Smith July 12, 1886. JOHN GIBSON, turnkey, was born in Philadelphia on March 4, 1841. He was appointed patrolman by Mayor Stokley on Au- gust 28, 1872, and was transferred to the position of turnkey by Mayor King on July, 1883. Officer Gibson has made a number of important arrests of thieves, burglars, house-breakers, etc., but PAST AND PRESENT. 373 has kept no record. He served during the entire war as a Union soldier. SUBSTITUTE PATROLMEN. DAVID R. McC.ANDLKSS was born in Philadelphia on P>b- niary 17, 1849. He was appointed a substitute patrohiian by Mayor Smith on October 6, 1886. DANIEL MOORE was born in Chester County, J'enn., on April 27, 1859. He was appointed by Mayor Smith on October 6, 1886. HENRY FOWLER was born in Philadelphia on I'eljruary 4, 1857. He was appointed by Mayor Smith on November 20, 1886. WILLIAM RANKIN was born in Philadelphia on February 22, 1854. He was appointed to the police force by Mayor Stok- ley on January 3, 1876, and served until September 28, 1878 ; was reappointed on February i, 1880, and again left the depart- ment on December 28, 1886. He was reappointed as a substitute patrolman on January 21, 1887, by Mayor Smith. 274 THE PHILADELPHIA POLICE, CHAPTER XV. The Body of the Force — {Continued). SECOND DISTRICT AND PATROL SERVICE.— LIEUTENANT GILLINGHAM. — SERGEANTS PETERMAN, LYNCH, BEATTY, ZANE AND POPE.— SPECIAL OFFICERS HAGAN AND BECKLEY. — RECORDS OF THE MEN. — CAPTAIN MALA- TESTA OF THE PATROL. — WORKING OF THE SYSTEM. THE SECOND DISTRICT. LEWIS GILLINGHAM, lieutenant of the Second District, was born in Philadelphia, October 8, 1835. In 1861 he enlisted in the Twentieth Pennsylvania Volunteers and served three years. Mayor Stokley appointed him sergeant in the Second District January i, 1872, and in January, 1880, he was made a lieutenant. During his long .service Lieutenant Gillingham has made many important arrests, the most noted being John Hughes, alias " Eng- lish Johnny," and Michael Reagan, alias " Kelly," notorious burg- lars, on April 3, 1872 ; James Brown and John Gordon, alias " Foster," burglars, January 13, 1873; Jacob Hartborer, for vio- lation of United States Internal Revenue laws, April 17, 1877; Raphael Vienna, Charles Armigui and Cecil Surnio, smugglers. May 18, 1877 ; William Dankey and Simon Wild, highway rob- bers, September 19, i88i ; Melinda Mowery, a notorious domestic thief, December 9, 1881, and Antoine Raenner, alias "Beefier" Haines, murderer, October 8, 1884. The Second District Station- House is on Second, above Christian Street, and the district com- prises the Second, Third, and Fourth wards. E. C. Knight's Sugar Refinery, Delaware Avenue and Bainbridge Street; Harri- son Havemeyer & Co., Sugar Refinery, Delaware Avenue and Almond Street ; the Southwark Foundry, Fifth Street and Wash- ington Avenue; Schomacker Piano Manufacturing Company, north-west corner of Eleventh and Catherine streets, and Belrose LEWIS GILLINGHAM, Lieutenant of the Second District. PAST AND PRESENT. 37y & Co., manufacturers of woollen goods, south-west corner Eleventh and Catherine streets, are the most important industrial establishments in the distrit:t. Sergeant JOHN C. PETERMAN, who died December 7, 1886, was appointed sergeant of the Second Police District by Mayor Smith on May 4, 1884. At the time of his appointment to that position he was not in the department, having resi;2;ned in April, 1882, after four years' service under mayors Stokley and King. His first appointment to a place in the department was conferred by Mayor Stokley on June 29, 1878. Sergeant Peter- man was a native of Philadelphia, having been born here on April 3, 1847. Sergeant JOHN W. LYNCH was born in Philadelphia in December, 1854. He entered the department under Mayor Stok- ley in May, 1876, and was promoted to sergeant of the Second Dis- trict by Mayor Smith January i, 1887, to fill the vacancy caused by the death of Sergeant Peterman. Among the notorious people whom Officer Lynch has arrested and sent to prison are " Shay " Trusty and " Skinny " Simpson, highway robbers, Eddie, alias "Quaker" Murphy for burglary and jail delivery, Michael O'Rourke and John Carney, burglars, and other lesser lights in criminal circles. ALEXANDER BEATTY was made sergeant of the Seventeenth Police District by Mayor Smith on May i, 1884. He was after- wards transferred to the Second District. At the time of his ap- pointment as sergeant he was not in the department, having re- signed under Mayor King on February 23, 1883. Up to the time of his resignation he had served as patrolman, having been appointed by Mayor Stokley on November 24, 1877. He was born in Philadelphia on July 6, 1852. GEORGE B. ZANE, house-sergeant of the Second District, has been in the service of the department over nineteen years. He was appointed house-sergeant on June i, 1867, by Mayor McMichael and assigned to duty in the Sixth District. He was transferred to the Second District on January 12, 1869. His army record includes three months in the Nineteenth Regiment Pennsylvania Volunteers, and two years and nine months in the 378 THE PHILADELPHIA POLICE, 72d Regiment. He lost an arm in the service. He was born in Philadelphia on June 26, 1840. House-Sergeant CHARLES S. POPE served as patrolman from the time of his appointment by Mayor Stokley on January i, 1872, until he was promoted to the position of house-sergeant by the same mayor on June 13, 1879, and he has continued to offici. ate in that capacity up to the present time. He enlisted in the United Slates Navy on April 15, 1861, and served until April if^ 1864. He made a number of important arrests and assisted in many others. On February 10, 1876, he, with Officer John Myers, arrested Frank Johnson, John Magee, and John Donegan, highway robbers, on Februarys, 1826, assisted by the same officer he arrested Thomas Mitchell, a maker of counterfeit money; on April 30, 1879, he arrested Henry Nugent and Henry Cassiday, burglars. PATRICK HAGAN, special officer, was born in Philadelphia on August I, 1 85 1. He was appointed as a patrolman and as- signed to special duty on January i, 1875, by Mayor Stokley. Officer Hagan is a very valuable man, as he knows every profes- sional criminal in his district and nearly every one in the city. He has a good record in the department and he has made a num- ber of arrests. Among those whom Officer Hagan has sent to the penitentiary are Charles Knight, for burglary and assault with intent to kill ; William Stnith, burglar ; George Wetstone, counterfeit shover ; Robert Jefferson and George Schooly, house-breakers ; Salmonia Demining, burglar ; Edward Cassidy, burglar ; Richard Jones, house-breaker ; Andy Gegan, horse thief ; and many other male- factors of all kinds, from the murderer to the pilferer of pocket- books. He is known as " the sleuth hound '' of the Second Dis- trict, never tires, and the more work he has to do the happier he is. ALBERT F. BICKLEY, special officer, was born in Philadel- phia on October 3, 1846. He was appointed a patrolman by Mayor Stokley on January 1, 1872, and served until September, 1883, when he resigned to take a position in the sheriff's office. Mayor Smith recalled him to the department on May 6, 1884, and he was assigned to special duty in the Second District. He served two years and eleven months in the army, and was wound- ed in the left breast on June 18, 1864, at Petersburg. PAST AND PRESENT. 379 Since his appointment as special officer he has made a number of important arrests, among which may be mentioned John Morris, a highway robber; William Blotz, alias " Dutch Willie," a thief; Michael Lynch, a burglar ; Luke Sheridan, a robber ; Joseph Murry, a pickpocket ; Anthony Hale, a blackmailer ; Lee Hahn, Charles Lee and Lee Gee, Chinamen, robbers and poisoners, and William Stotz and William McCuUough, alias " Frencli," burglars. EDWARD K. WISNER was born in Philadelphia, April 12, 1850. He served six months in the army during the Rebellion. He was appointed on the police force on January 6, 1881, by Mayor Stokley. He arrested on February 3, 1882, William Burns for house robbery, and had him convicted and sentenced to four years and six months. JAMES C. SCANLAN was born in Philadelphia on January 4, 1845. ^^ ^^^ appointed by Mayor Stokley on January i, 1875, as patrolman and has served continuously in that position since. JOHN NUTT was born in Chester County, Pa., on February 6, 1828. He was appointed on the police force in 1854 by Mayor Conrad and served two years, when he resigned. He was again appointed by Mayor Henry in i860, and served eight years and four months, when he resigned a second time. Mayor Stokley again made him a patrolman in 1872 and he has served contin- uously since. His full term of service in the department has amounted to over twenty-five years. His first arrest of great im- portance was that of John Hart, charged with murder. He also arrested George Woodward for horse stealing in Chester County. He arrested, on May 6, 1883, Harry Berg and Michael Kelly and they were each sentenced to ten years in Trenton. Officer Nutt is known as the " old reliable." Has as much energy and ambi- tion as the youngest man on the force, notwithstanding his twenty-five years of service. CHARLES J. MURPHY was born in Philadelphia, on May 11, 1836. He was appointed on the force by Mayor Stokley in Sep- tember, 1874. He arrested John Davidson, who murdered his mother with a hatchet in their miserable lodging on May 4, 1882. Davidson committed suicide in Moyamensing Prison while awaiting trial. ADAM HUNTERSON was born in Philadelphia February 8, 1836. He .served over three years in the United States Navy 380 THE PHILADELPHIA POLICE, during the Rebellion. He was appointed on the police force by Mayor Stokley on May 14, 1880. JOEL ADAMS was born in Philadelphia April 28, 1852. He was appointed by Mayor Stokley in April, 1879. He has made many important arrests and saved several persons from drowning. H. F. KEYSER was born in 1844. He was appointed by Mayor Stokley on January 1, 1872. WILLIAM McCLOSKEY was born in Philadelphia in Sep- tember, 1853. He was appointed to the force by Mayor King in March, 1882. JAMES C. REDMOND was born in Philadelphia July 2, 1858. He was appointed as patrolman in May, 1881, by Mayor King. CHARLES S. RONEY was born in Philadelphia April 11, 1840. He served ten years in the United States Navy. He was ap- pointed to the force by Mayor Smith, May 26, 1884. He has cap- tured several burglars, highway robbers and pickpockets. JAMES YOUNG was born in Ireland on October 31, 1842. He served three years in the army. Under Mayor McMichael he served three years on the police force. He was reappointed by Mayor Stokley on December 8, 1874, and has been on the force ever since. JOSEPH F. CRILLEY was born in Philadelphia May 1, i860. He was appointed patrolman by Mayor Smith on May 2, 1884. He arrested, in October, 1886, Frank Bennet and Michael Cole for highway robbery. LEWIS K. PREOLE was born in Philadelphia on July 17, 1851. He was appointed on the force by Mayor Stokley in March, 1880. His most important arrest was that of John Robinson, alias "Jack Sheppard," a highway robber and thief. JOHN J. BARTON was born in Philadelphia on April 27, 1857. He was appointed by Mayor Smith in May, 1884. WILLIAM E. LONG was born in Philadelphia, September 14, 1843. He has been on the police force nearly fourteen years, having been appointed by Mayor Stokley in March, 1873. He served eighteen months in the army. JAMES BUCHANAN was born in Ireland on September 19, 1845. He was appointed by Mayor Smith on June 4, 1884. JAMES SPENCER was born in Philadelphia on March 17, 1845. He has served fifteen years on the force, having been ap- SECOND DISTRICT STATION-HOUSE. PAST AND PRESENT. 383 pointed by Mayor Stokley on January i, 1872. He served three months in the army. JOHN A. MYERS was born on January 12, 1833. He was appointed on the police force by Mayor Conrad in 1855 and served two years. He was reappointed by Mayor Stokley in 1872 and has served ever since. He has made a number of important arrests, notably Robert McKinney, on December 29, 1874, charged with homicide. On February 5, 1876, assisted by Ofificer Charles S. Pope, he arrested Thomas Mitchell, a counterfeiter, and on Feb- ruary 10, 1876, with Officer Pope arrested Frank Johnson, John Magee and John Donegan, highway robbers. EDWARD E. WILLS was born in Philadelphia on January 13, 1844. He was appointed by Mayor Stokley November 10, 1874. D. F. HARRINGTON was born in Philadelphia, on August 8, i860. He was appointed on the force on May i, 1884, by Mayor Smith. WILLIAM GRIMES was born on October 30, 1830. His first appointment on the force was by Mayor Henry, under whom he served five years. He served three years under Mayor Mc- Michael, eight months under Mayor Fox, nine years under Mayor Stokley, three years under Mayor King and three years under Mayor Smith, a total of thirty-one years. JOHN GLASS was born in Philadelphia, January 8, 1854. He was appointed by Mayor Smith on May i, 1884. JOSEPH H. SILBERT was born in Philadelphia on August 18, 1838. He was appointed on the force by Mayor Stokley on May 6, 1876. WILLIAM CALDWELL was born in Philadelphia April 25, 1831. He was appointed on the police force by Mayot Vaux on October 3, i860, and has served in the department twenty-three years, having been oS the force a portion of the time since his appointment. He was a member of the Henry Guards. He has made a number of important arrests, among them being several well-known house-breakers. RICHARD BERRY was born in Philadelphia, in 1825. He has served on the police force for more than twenty-five years^ and in that time has made arrests of all grades of criminals, but has kept no record of them. When the Confederate Army in- vaded Pennsylvania in 1863, he joined the Henry Guards. He 384 THE PHILADELPHIA POLICE, "T I ! I I : : ^ I i I I INTERIOR PLAN, SECOND DISTRICT STATION-HOUSE. PAST AND PRESENT. 385 is full of energy and afraid of nothing. He was a constable before consolidation. LEWIS W. SMITH was born in Philadelphia on April 17, 1846. He was appointed patrolman on May 4, 1876, by Mayor Stokley. He has a war record of four years in the United States Navy. WILLIAM BOOTH was born in Philadelphia on September 29, 1844. Mayor Stokley made him a patrolman in June, 1875. Four months' service in the army entitles him to wear the red stripes. JOHN H. LYONS is one of the old officers of the city. He was born in Philadelphia on September 27, 1836. He was ap- pointed by Mayor Henry June 17, iSijS, and remained in the ser- vice until relieved from duty by Mayor Fox, on May 5, 1869. Mayor Stokley reappointed him on January i, 1872, and he has served through the terms of mayors Stokley, King and Smith. He has served the department altogether nearly twenty-six years. He enlisted in the United States service as a private in Captain John Spear's company of City Police Volunteers on June 17, 1863, and was discharged by expiration of service on July 21) 1863. JULIUS PHILIBERT was born in Philadelphia on August 12, 1838. He was appointed by Mayor Stokley on January 27, 1879^ He served seven months in the army. WILLIAM GREGORY was born in Philadelphia on Decem- ber 13, 1839. He was appointed in May, 1876, by Mayor Stok- ley. He served one year in the United States Navy during the war. ROBERT ADDLETON was born in Philadelphia on Decem- ber II, 1839. He was appointed by Mayor Stokley on January i, 1875, and has been in continuous service for twelve years. He served one year in the United States Navy. THOMAS SHANNON was born in 1858. He was appointed by Mayor Smith on June 7, 1884. JEFFREY C. MORRISON was born in Philadelphia on Jan- uary 8, 1830. H_e was appointed on the police force on January I, 1872, by Mayor Stokley, and has been in continuous service since. HORACE W. LILLY was born in Philadelphia on March 30, 1846. He was appointed by Mayor Smith, as patrolman, on 386 THE PHILADELPHIA POLICE, March 20, 1886. He served one year in the United States Army during the Rebellion. JOSEPH N. CONSIDINE was born in Philadelphia in 1858. He was appointed a sub-patrolman on February 15, 1886, by Mayor Smith. ZACHARY T. MOORE was born in Philadelphia on Febru- ary 14, 1848. He was appointed a sub-patrolman by Mayor Smith on January 12, 1886. He served thirty-two months in the United States Army during the late war. ALBERT HAMM was born' in Philadelphia May 8, 1840. Appointed to the police force by Mayor Stokley in 1872. JAMES HATTENFIELD was born b Philadelphia January S, 1855. Appointed to the police force May 7, 1884, by Mayor Smith. WILLIAM F. LAMB was born in Philadelphia September 4, 1853. Appointed to the police force May 14, 1876, by Mayor Stokley. CHARLES GOLDSTEIN was born in Philadelphia January 19, 1856. Appointed to the jaolice force May 7, 1884, by Mayor Smith. WILLIAM PAUL was born in Ireland April 22, 1852. Ap- pointed to the police force April 4, 1885, by Mayor Smith. MARK F. CARROLL was born in Philadelphia February 22, 1853. Appointed to the police force November 15, 1879, by Mayor Stokley. HUGH SMITH was born in Philadelphia February 15, 1854. Appointed to the police force April 5, 1880, by Mayor Stokley. CONRAD SCHAEFFER was born in Germany, August 7, 1838. Served in the 8th Regiment Illinois Cavalry in the late war. Appointed to the police force March 7, 1873, by Mayor Stokley. JOHN SBARBARO was born in Brooklyn, N. Y., July 28, 185 1. Appointed to the police force April 20, 1883, by Mayor Smith. MONTRAVILLE LYBRAND was born in Philadelphia De- cember 29, 1837. Appointed to the police force January 1, 1872, by Mayor Stokley. WILLIAM H. KEEGAN was born in Ireland in 1836. Ap- pointed to the police force in 1869, by Mayor Fox, and served PAST AND PRESENT. 387 until 1872. Was reappointed by Mayor Stokley in 1876, and again by Mayor Smith in 1883. FILMORP: walker was bom in Pliiladelphia August i, 1854. Appointed to the police force in 1878 by Mayor Stokley. JOHN RUDGE was born in Philadelphia in 1854, Appointed to the police force April 7, 18S4, by Mayor Smith. JOHN KEEGAN was born in Philadelphia October 21, 1855. Appointed to the police force April 22, 1879, '^Y Mayor Stokley. ROBERT J. SIEMERS was boin in Philadelphia in 1854. Appointed to the police force April 30, 1879, by Mayor Stokley. ROBERT GILFILLAN was born in Philadelphia January 16, 1846. Served in the U. S. Army in the late war. Appointed to the police force March 17, 1880, by Mayor Stokley. GEORGE BOSWELL was born in Philadelphia in 1846. Served in the 29th Regiment Pennsylvania Volunteers in the late war. Appointed to the police force January 24, 1875, by Mayor Stokley. HENRY CRAIG was born in Philadelphia December 5, 1853. Appointed to the police force July 25, 1877, by Mayor Stokley, DAVID ROACH was born in Philadelphia July 25, 1841, Appointed to the police force in 1869, by Mayor Fo.x, and served two years. Reappointed by Mayor Stokley in December, 1881. JAMES METZ was born in Philadelphia March 12, 1835. Served one year in the U. S. Army in the late war. Appointed to the police force October 10, 1875, by Mayor Stokley. CHARLES ENDRESS was born in Philadelphia October 22, 1830. Served in the U. S. Army during the late war. Ap- pointed to the police force January i, 1872 JOHN F. SLATER, special officer, was born at Churchtown, Lancaster County, Penn., on September i, 1853. He was ap- pointed to the police force on June 23, 1877, by Mayor Stokley and assigned to duty as special officer of the Seventeenth Dis- trict. While there in that capacity, he and Spe ial Officer Ander- son were " side partners," and together perfon .ed a great deal of clever detective work. The story of the arrests made by them is given in the sketch of John Anderson, special officer of the Twenty- fifth District. When that district was created Special Officer Slater was transferred to the Second District and Special Officer Anderson to the Twenty-fifth District. WILLIAM MORROW was born in Ireland on July 4, i84r.. 388 THE PHILAliELPHIA POLICE, He enlisted in the 20th Regiment Pennsylvania Infantry and served three months, and on August 8, 1861, enlisted in the ist Regiment Maryland Cavalry, for three years. At the expiration of that term of service, he re-enlisted in the same regiment and served until the close of the war. He was appointed to the police force by Mayor Stokley on May 4, 1874. RICHARD H. SMITH was born in Philadelphia on March 28, 1853. In 1873 he enlisted in the ist Regiment U. S. Heavy Artillery and served one year. He then enlisted in the U. S. Navy for three years. He was appointed to the police force on May 14, 1884, by Mayor Smith. He arrested William Harris for burglary, in July, 1885. PAUL BERGER, turnkey, was born in St. Louis, Mo., on Au- gust 13, 1827. He was appointed on April 17, 1884, by Mayor Smith. He served two years and a half in the U. S. Army during the Mexican War. SUBSTITUTE PATROLMEN. GEORGE A. WAGNER was born in Philadelphia on May 16, 1851. He was appointed a substitute patrolman by Mayor Smith on November 11, 1886. WESLEY HUNTER was born in Philadelphia on October 23, 1851. He was appointed by Mayor Smith on November 20, 1886. JAMES WATSON was born in Philadelphia on March 21, 1846. He was appointed by Mayor Stokley on February 17, 1874. ROBERT JOHNSTON was born in Philadelphia on July 20, 1840. He was appointed by Mayor Smith on March 11, 1886. THOMAS H. KRIDER was born in Philadelphia on July 19, 1849. He was appointed to the police force on April 5, 1876, by Mayor Stokley; resigned May 12, 1882, and was reappointed a substitute patrolman by Mayor Smith on November 11, 1886. He arrested Martin Curtis in August, 1878, for burglary: sen- tenced to four ye irs and six months in the Eastern Penitentiary. THE SIGNAL AND PATROL SERVICE. JOSEPH MALATESTA, captain of the police patrol service and superintendent of vans, was born in Genoa, Italy, August 2, 1841. He came to Philadelphia when ten years old and started life in the New World as a newsboy. He first sold papers about Fifth and Chestnut streets, and afterwards on railroad trains jriSEPlI MALATESTA. Captain of tlie Police Patrol Service and Su]iPrintendent of Yan>. PAST AND PRESENT. 391 running between Philadelphia and Baltimore. In 1861 he started a fruit stand at Fifth and Chestnut streets, and meeting with success, five years later branched out as an importer and wholesale and retail dealer in wines and fine groceries. He es- tablished his present place of business at Eighth and Lombard streets about fifteen years ago. Mayor Smith appointed him to his present position in 1884. Captain Malatesta is recognized as a leader among citizens of Italian birth, and by his thrift and en- terprise has amassed a handsome fortune. He bears the distinc- tion of being the first superintendent of vans and captain of the Police Patrol Service, Philadelphia has had, the office being created by Mayor Smith and tendered to Captain Malatesta. " Captain Joe," as he is familiarly known by his friends and the police, is very popular both in and outside of the department. The Police Telephone, Signal and Patrol Service System, as operated in Philadelphia at the present time, covers fifteen police districts. There are eight patrol stations, located as follows : Station i — Cypress Street, East of Fourth, covering Third and Fourth Police districts; Station 2 — Thirty-seventh Street and Woodland Avenue, covering Twenty-first Police District ; Station 3 — Thirty-ninth Street and Lancaster Avenue, covering Sixteenth Police District ; Station 4 — Fifteenth and Cuthbert streets, cover- ing Sixth and Twentieth Police districts ; Station 5 — Juniper and Sansom streets, covering Fifth and Nineteenth Police districts ; Station 6 — 1507 Moyamensing Avenue, covering Second and Twenty-fifth Police districts (East of Sixth) ; Station 7 — Twelfth and Wharton streets, covering Second, Seventeenth and Twenty- fifth Police districts (between Sixth and Broad) ; Station 8 — Twelfth and Wharton streets, covering First and Seventeenth Police dis- tricts (West of Broad). The instruments and batteries for receiving and sending the necessary signals are placed in the district station-houses. The apparatus is entirely automatic, and is in charge of the house or signal-sergeant, who also has charge of the telegraph system be- tween the station-house and police headquarters. The men in charge of the signal station, when located at a point other than a district station-house, where no other telegraph service is re. quired, are competent to its supervision. The register upon which the signals are received is self-acting ; and whenever a signal is transmitted from the street station, the 392 THE PHILADELPHIA POLICE, record is made whether the person at the station be present or temporarily absent. The batteries used are of the kind known as "gravity batteries," are very steady, constant and reliable in their working, and require but little care. Telephones and transmitters are also placed in the district stations for use when the arbitrary signals of the telegraph are not sufficient to co^er the special in- formation desiied to be transmitted. Radiating from each station-house are telegrapli lines or circuits rimning through the entire districts, connected at the points de- sired with a small structure, in size and form not unlike a small sentry-bo.v. This street station is octagonal in shape, with CALLING THE I'ATROL WAGON. pointed top two feet eight inches in diameter, and about eight feet in height. The sides are covered with iron and the top with heavy glass. These street stations take the place of lamp-posts, and the gas or other lamp is placed upon the top. This serves not only as a street-lamp but also to light the interior of the box at night. The doors of these stations are furnished with a patent trap-lock, so constructed that, whenever a key is used, it cannot be withdrawn until released with a master key. Every key is numbered, and a registry kept of the holder, which establishes re- sponsibility and prevents the giving of needless alarms; for, when a key has been used, it can be returned to its owner only by the :)roper officer, who holds in his possession the master or release key. I'AST AND PRESENT. 393 THE STREET STATION, COMPLETE, WITH DOOR OPEN, SHOWING ALARM-BOX, WITH TELEPHONE, ETC., AND WITH LAMP ON TOP, TAKING PLACE OF IRON LAMP-POST. 394 THE PHILADELPHIA POLICE, Keys of street stations may be given to responsible citizens, who are tlius able to aid in the supervision of peace in their neigh- borhood ; and are also carried by all members of the force in the districts covered by the system. The locks are uniform through- out the city, and one key will open any station. Inside of each station is placed a small iron case with a door and lock, the case containing an automatic signal instrument, by means of which a key-holder, by pulling down a hook or lever which protrudes from the side of the case, can signal the police station and call for aid. None but officers are in possession of keys to the inside boxes, which contain, in addition to the signal apparatus, a telephone and transmitter. ALARM-BOX WITH DOOR OPEN, SHOWING THE SIGNAL-BOX WITH DIAL FOR DIFFERENT CALLS, AND TELEPHONE FOR USE OF PATROLMAN IN COMMUNICATING WITH POLICE STATION. A patrolman, on entering a street station, can immediately transmit a special signal, which will inform the officer on duty at the police station of his presence. The telephone can then be used for the transmission of orders from headquarters to the pa- trolman, or by the patrolman to indicate whatever may be his wants or suspicions. At the police station, a wagon and pair of horses are contin- uously awaiting orders for service. The force especially held for this service consists of two patrol sergeants, two drivers and two patrolmen, divided into two squads, performing twelve hours duty each. The electrical adjustment, when the wagon is called, lights up the gas in the quarters of the men and in the stabla PAST AND PRESENT. ,05 opens the stalls of the horses, and permits the wagon to be upon jie street in response to the signal within a fraction of a minute. The patrol wagons used are models of convenience and adap- tability for the service. They combine lightness with strength, are conspicuous by their light blue body and bright red running gear, and are tastily marked and numbered by their district loca- tion. A high seat furnishes room for the driver and two men, while the seats, placed lengthwise in the vehicle, accommodate a score more. An alarm gong is used to give warning of their ap)- proadi and secure their right of way in answering calls. Under the seats are compartments for hand-cuflfs, ropes, canvas stretcher, jumping canvas for fires, surgical instruments, bandages, tourni- quets, stimulants and other articles, whilst a fire-extinguisher and hand-grenades are ready for an incipient fire. The stretcher is an ingenious arrangement. When not in use, it is rolled up on the poles and placed in one of the compart- ments under the seat. When required for use, the stretcher is drawn out through a small door at the end of the wagon; and four spring-hooks, which accompany it, are fitted in their places — two on each side of the wagon. Into these hooks the poles of the stretcher are placed, and the canvas hangs between the seats of the wagon, without jolting. The stretcher can be liftea from the wagon and carried without disturbing the patient. For vio- lent prisoners, there are rings in the floor of the wagon, to which the belligerent party can be tied down and secured. When trouble of any kind occurs, demanding the presence of a police force in any part of the district covered by the system, the door of the street station is opened and the lever protruding from the side of the alarm-box is pulled down its full length. The signal is instantly communicated to the district station, and the wagon and detail on duty immediately proceed to the point indicated, ready for whatever duty may have caused the call. Patrolmen as they go their rounds on street duty are required to report at the street stations on the various portions of their beats, either at fixed hours or as often as it may be deemed ad- visable. This requirement guarantees the faithfulness of the force and prevents any shirking of duty or continued absence from post. A record of every report thus received is kept by the signal-sergeant, and transmitted to headquarters for examina- tion and future reference. In case of any occurrence upon the 3g6 THE PHILADELPHIA POLICE, beat of an officer, this record will exhibit his movements and show whether he has given the care and vigilance desired in the performance of his duty. In case of the perpetration of any great crime, the fact being communicated to the various district stations by telegraph from police headquarters, the officers could be individually informed when they reported from the street stations, and the whole force upon the street thus be fully advised of the crime and its details, and be on the alert for the arrest of the suspected parties. The experience of the police department in the working of the telephone and signal-telegraph system has been such that new uses and advantages have been and are being constantly devel- oped ; but the following may be mentioned as among the principal and most important points of value : It increases the certainty of punishment for crime, and must therefore exercise the most powerful influence for its prevention. It gives to every citizen, however remote from headquarters, the means of instantly summoning police assistance. It enables the authorities to humanely care for the unfortunate victims of ac- cident or sudden illness ; it affords the opportunity to convey to the station, in a properly arranged wagon, the uproarious drunkard or street-brawler, without the lamentable exposures so common under the old style of arrests. The city is the custodian of the morals of its citizens, and owes to all ages and both sexes proper immunity from indecent exposures, blasphemy, and impure lan- guage, which are too often the accompaniment of such arrests. It is an excellent auxiliary to a fire-alarm system, and possesses the additional advantage of enabling the possessor of a private box to call the fire department directly to his door without leav- ing the premises. It enables the force, whatever it may be, to work with the greatest efficiency, and to accomplish infinitely more in the preservation of peace and order than could be pos- sible without this valuable aid. By making a comparatively small force extremely efficient, and therefore a large force unnecessary, it saves a large annual ex- penditure for the maintenance of the department. Its introduc- tion is in the line of real economy. By promptly furnishing the means of dispersing crowds, checking disturbances or riots, ar- resting disorderly persons, it decreases the chance of serious out- breaks, which often end in murder, robbery or arson. PAST AND PRESENT. 399 It enables the patrolman to remain on his beat; and if he ar- rests a party or wishes assistance, he has onlj' to go to the nearest box and make his wants known at the station, and in a short time he is relieved of his prisoner and assistance is at hand. An officer making an arrest under the old system, was obliged to go to the station-house, and leave his route entirely unprotected from one to three hours, a fact often improved by thieves, who have one of their number arrested for a trivial matter simply to get the officer off his beat. It makes every key-holder, to a considerable extent, a police- man ; for he carries with him the power to summon the police to any point wherever he may see that their services are required. It is the policeman's best friend; it increases bis power, dig- nity, and importance, for he need never feel that he is alone, or beyond the reach of support ; and to a very great degree it lessens the chances and necessity of personal encounters with the roughs, who frequently combine for his injury or to divert him from his duty. It establishes a thorough business-like way of handling a police department — vigilance, efficiency and discipline — and securing on the part of all the protection and support of every individual member of the force. Electricity is the one thing that criminals dread. It circumvents all their skill and cunning ; and this application of it is certain to prove as valuable in municipalities as it has heretofore proved in securing arrests at distant points. The urgent need of a public watchman or constable at any par- ticular point in any American community is altogether exceptional ; and the tendency is therefore to give the policeman a long beat to traverse, and the chances are that he will be out of the way when an accident happens ; and evil-doers will take advantage of his known absence to disturb the peace and invade the proper rights of citizens. To provide against such exigencies by largely increasing the number of policemen is obviously much less economical than to quicken the working of the police system by putting every patrol- man within the reach of instant communication with the sub- station to which he is attached, and, if need be, with headquar- ters, at the same time giving every orderly citizen, in case of need^ the means of calling upon the same authorities with least delay. 460 THE PHILADELPHIA POLICE, The expense of fitting up a district station with the system complete, as organized in Philadelphia, is estimated as follows : Telegraphic and telephonic outfit, including batteries, etc., at station-houses, $250.00 ; street stations, say 10 to a district (each $200.00), $2,000.00 ; wagon, complete with stretcher, etc., $350.00 ; horses, two sufficient for ordinary service (each $235.00), $470.00 harness, blankets, etc., for same, $200.00; incidental ex- penses, estimated, $330.00 ; total, $3,600.00. Expenses of officers required at each wagon station in addition to the ordinary force : Two signal or wagon-sergeants, salary and uniform (each $950.00), $1,900.00; two drivers, salary and uniform (each $908.70), $1,817.40 ; two officers for wagon duty alone (each $908.70), $1,817.40; total for salaries, $5,534.80. PAST AND PRESENT. 401 CHAPTER XVI. The Body of the Force — {Continued^. THIRD AND FOURTH DISTRICTS.- -LIEUTENANT ROCHE'S DARING. — SERGEANTS MOORE, McCLOSKEV, CROMWELL, JONES AND HARING. — SPECIAL ALE.\AND£R'S 610 CAPTURES. — PATROL SERGEANTS HILLARY AND MIL- LINGTON. — RECORDS OF THE PATROLMEN. — LIEUTEN- ANT SHIELDS RIDS THE WORLD OF A RUFFIAN.— SER- GEANTS SHOURDS, HEWITT, TAYLOR AND MARLOW.— RECORDS OF PATROLMEN. — SPECIAL OFFICER YARDNER. THE THIRD DISTRICT. DAVID B. ROCHE, lieutenant of the Third District, was born in Philadelphia in 1848, and served in the army as a drummer boy during the late war. Mayor Smith appointed him lieutenant of the Third District, July 4, 1884. He and Special Officer Thomas Alexander, after weeks of patient investigation, ar- rested, on December 12, 1885, Samuel, alias "Cuff," Johnson colored, who murdered Sharpless, the head of the well-known Pennsylvania family of that name in Delaware County, on the night of Nov. 22, 1885, and of which Johnson was convicted and sentenced to be hanged. During the burning of the Temple Theatre, December 27, 1886, two firemen were buried beneath the ruins. Lieutenant Roche volunteered to enter the theatre and endeavor to rescue the buried firemen with a squad of picked men. He was prevented from taking in the rescue party, but nevertheless explored the ruins alone in the face of great danger. The Third District Station-House is on Union Street below Fourth. It was built in 1880, and cost $18,000. The boundaries of the district are from Chestnut to South streets, and from Seventh Street to the Delaware River, and within its limits are 26 402 THE PHILADELPHIA POLICE, several banks, trust and deposit companies, the general offices of the Pennsylvania and the Philadelphia and Reading railroads, the Custom House, Independence Hall, Carpenter's Hall, the Corn Exchange, Commercial Exchange, the courts of the city and county, Dock Street Market and the Fish Market, Fitzpatrick's Bonded Warehouses, St. Peter's Protestant Episcopal, St. Mary's and St. Joseph's Roman Catholic churches, many wholesale stores, and on Dock Street below Walnut the " Blue Anchor Tavern," which is one of the oldest buildings now standing in Philadelphia, having been built of bricks imported from Holland in 1719. Sergeant THOMAS MOORE was born in Philadelphia in June, 1833. He was appointed in January, 1861, by Mayor Henry. He resigned in 1869 and was reappointed in January, 1872, by Mayor Stokley, and was made sergeant of the district. He ar- rested William A. McGuire for the murder of Maggie Baer, and Patrick Quigley for the murder of his wife, Catherine Quigley ; both men were tried and convicted. Sergeant HARRY McCLOSKEY was born in Philadelphia in August, 1849. He was appointed to the police department in October, 1878, by Mayor Stokley, as patrolman of the Third Dis- trict and was transferred to the Reserves by Mayor Stokley, and was promoted to sergeant of the Third District in March, 1886, by Mayor Smith. He is an efficient officer and has made a number of important arrests of burglars, pickpockets, house-robbers and highway robbers. GEORGE W. CROMWELL, house-sergeant, was born in Philadelphia in August, 1840. He served a year in the Union Army and lost his left arm. He was appointed by Mayor Henry in January, 1863, and has served continuously since. He has arrested a number of well-known burglars in his time. GEORGE W. JONES, house-sergeant, was born in Philadelphia in November, 1845. He was appointed on the force in September, 1872, by Mayor Stokley. WILLIAM B. HARING, house-sergeant, was born in Phil- adelphia in June, 1842. He was appointed in January, I872, by Mayor Stokley. Sergeant GEORGE HILLARY, of patrol No. i, was born in Baltimore, Md., in June, 1837. He entered the department under Mayor Stokley in January, 1872, as patrolman. He was transferred DAVID li. l;r)(:HE, Lieutenant of tln:- Tliirtl District. PAST AND PRESENT. 405 to the patrol system as sergeant by Mayor Smith, when the new patrol system went into operation. In his time he has arrested John Jackson, Frank Jackson, George Kehoc, George Davis, Charles Waterford, William Jackson, Isaac Quinn and William Dixson, Joseph Dabney and Chargo Frank, all burglars of some note ; Black Elwood and Frank Brown, for highway robbery, and Frank Attelf for robbery. Sergeant ALFRED MILLINGTON, of patrol No. i, was born at Chelsea, Mass., on 1851. He was appointed a patrolman in De- cember, 187s, by Mayor Stokley and was made patrol sergeant by Mayor Smith, when the new system went into operation. JOHN HAGERTY, of patrol No. i, was born in Pliiladel- phia in June, 1844. He entered the department under Mayor Stokley on May 27, 1877, and was transferred to the patrol service by Mayor Smith. He arrested Sallie Washington and William Williams for assault and battery with intent to kill, and William Bates for picking pockets. Special Officer THOMAS ALEXANDER was born in Phila. delphia on December i, 1844. He was appointed a patrolman on March 6, 1872, by Mayor Stokley. On March i, 1875, he was promoted to special officer by Mayor Stokley, and in that capacity he has made six hundred and ten arrests in the twelve years of ser\'ice. It was he who, in company with Lieutenant Roche, solved the mystery in connection with the murder of John Sharpless, near Chester, and arrested " Cuff " Johnson. He has arrested a large number of criminals, big and little, and a partial record of his principal arrests embraces every class of crim- inals from the murderer to the petty thief. Nearly one hundred criminals of note have passed through his hands to the cells of the Eastern Penitentiary, whose sentences aggregated upwards of two hundred and fifty years. In arresting Frank Hielard he was stabbed seven times with a butcher knife. HARRY C. BOSTON, of patrol No. i, was born in Philadelphia January i, 1848. He entered the department under Mayor Stokley on February 10, 1874, as patrolman in the Seventh District ; was transferred to patrol No. i by Mayor Smith when the system went into operation. ALEXANDER BOYDE, driver of patrol No. i, was born in Philadelphia in January, 1852. He was appointed by Mayor Smith in August, 1884. .£,5 THE PHILADELPHIA POLICE, ROBERT BRACKEN, of patrol No. i, was born in Philadel- phia in January, 1.857. He was appointed on the force by Mayor King in August, 1881. FREDERICK BROWN was born in Germany in January, 1836. He was appointed by Mayor Stokley in January, 1872. He served in the U. S. Navy. ROGER KENNY was born in Philadelphia in October, 1858. He entered the department under Mayor Smith in 1885. WILLIAM C. PENNIImAN was born in Maine, in December, 1845. He entered the department under Mayor Stokley in August, 1879. He arrested Charles Volkes for attempt to commit murder. GEORGE DEAN was born in Ireland in January, 1853. He entered the department under Mayor Stokley in October, 1877. He has made a number of important arrests, notably John Lewis, burglar, Sadie Trusty, highway robber, and Henry Martin, James Watson and James Wilson for larceny. NICHOLAS SCHAFFER was born in Philadelphia in Novem- ber, 1853. He entered the department in February, 1885, under Mayor Smith. WILLIAM A. HURST was born in Philadelphia in August, 1842. He entered the department under Mayor Stokley in May, 1872 ; after serving several years, resigned and was reappointed by Mayor Smith in 1884. He arrested Frank Jones, pickpocket, Isaac Thomas and Hugh McDevitt for assault and battery. HENRY HARVEY was born in Philadelphia in January, 1857. He entered the department under Mayor Smith in January, 1885. He arrested Charles Burke, Charles Minor and George Roberts for highway robbery, Frank Brown for assault and battery and Frank Sutter for robbery. BOICEY DILLON was born in Boston, Mass., in June, 1855. He entered the department under Mayor Smith in June, 1884. WILLIAM BURNS was born in Ireland in February, 1832. He was appointed by Mayor Henry in September, 1863, and served until 1869, when he resigned. He re-entered the depart- ment under Mayor Stokley in January, 1872. MAURICE MURPHY was born in Ireland in November, 1849. He entered the department under Mayor King in Febru- ary, 1882. DANIEL JONES was born in Philadelphia in August, 1851. I'AST AND PRESENT. 407 He entered the department under Mayor Stokley in November, 1877. He arrested a number of criminals, notably William Tolley and Frank Jones, burglars, Florence Mahon for robbery, David Mumford for highway robbery and Thomas Johnson for felonious assault. LEWIS GOLDMAN was born in Ohio in June, 1858. He entered the service under Mayor Smith in December, 1885. Among his arrests were Henry Martin and John Lynch, highway robbers. ALBERT W. CHANTRY was born in Philadelphia in March, 1846. He entered the department under Mayor Stokley in Feb- ruary, 1872 ; resigned on December 28, 1873, and was reappointed by Mayor Smith on October 2, 1884. JAMES MALATESTA was born in Italy August 8, 1852. He entered the department under Mayor Smith in April, 1884. JAMES B. \\'ALTON was born in Philadelphia December 28, 1856. He entered the department under Mayor Smith on June 19, 1884. THOMAS ASHMORE was born in Philadelphia on Novem- ber 8, 1835. He entered the department under Mayor Henry in June, 1863-, and served until Mayor Fox's inauguration, when he resigned. He was reappointed in 1872 by Mayor Stokley. He served five years in the 4th U. S Cavalry. HENRY C. PATTERSON was born in Philadelphia on May 24, 1847. He was appointed by Mayor Stokley on November i, 1872, and has served over fourteen years. JOSEPH FOWLER was born in Greensborough, Md., on January 13, 1854. He entered the service in May, 1884, under Mayor Smith. He arrested " Oyster Ike " for assault and battery with intent to kill. ANTOINE CAPPELLI was born in Italy in August, 1838. He entered the department in February, 1885, under Mayor Smith. He served three months in the army. JOSEPH GILLIS was born in Philadelphia in May, 1827. He entered the department under Mayor Conrad in January, 1856, serving until June 5, 1875, when he resigned. He was reap- pointed by Mayor Stokley January 6, 1876. FREDERICK MICKENS was born in Philadelphia in Decein- ber, 1854. He entered the department under Mayor Smith in May, 1884. He arrested William Harrison for highway robbery. 4o8 THE PHILADELPHIA POLICE, GEORGE W. JEFFERIES was born in Philadelphia in Novem- ber, 1844. Mayor Stokley appointed him as patrolman in Jan- uary, 1873. He served three years in the army. He has made a number of important arrests for different crimes. WILLIAM H. LONG was born in Reading, Pa., in February, 1851. He entered the police department in February, 1879, under Mayor Stokley, and served until June 5, 1882, when he resigned. He was reappointed bj Mayor Smith on July i, 1884. He ar- rested Henry Wilson, a burglar, and George Jones, a highway robber. ADOLPH BRUNET was born in Cuba in March, 1853. He was appointed on the force in October, 1884. ROBERT CARDWELL was born in Philadelphia in February, 1859. He entered the department in January, 1886. JOHN B. THORNTON was born in Philadelphia in August, 1850. He entered the department in 1874, under May6r Stokley. ALFRED ABADIE was born in Philadelphia in September, 1852. He was appointed on the police force by Mayor Smith in June, 1884. JOHN FORESTAL was born in Philadelphia in August, 1848. He was appointed by Mayor Stokley in June, 1877. HENRY GAULER was born in Philadelphia in April, 1847. He entered the police department under Mayor Stokley in Jan uary, 1872. Among his important arrests were Thomas Johnson and Eliza Benson, both murderers, and John Murphy, George Elwood, William Moore, Henry Jackson, Levi Anderson and Thomas Johnson, burglars. GEORGE H. HAZZARD was born in Millford, Del., in April, 1853. He entered the department in December, 1884. WILLIAM KEARNEY was born in Ireland in June, 1837. He entered the service under Mayor Henry in October, 1864. He served three years and six months in the army. GEORGE H. KNIGHT was born in Philadelphia in January, 1845. H^ entered the department as an appointee of Mayor Stokley in January, 1872. He saw two years and a half of ser- vice in the army. NATHAN C. JONES was born in Philadelphia in May, 1832. He entered the department in November, 1853, under Mayor Gilpin, and is consequently one of the oldest policemen in the department. He served four years in the army. PAST AND PRESENT. 409 GEORGE W. CARSON was born in Philadelphia in January, 1859. He entered the department under Mayor Smith in March, 1886. JOHN VOLTZ was born in New York City in October, 1834. He entered the department as an appointee of Mayor Stokley in April, 1877. He served three years and three months in the army. JOSEPH KELLEY was appointed to the police force by Mayor Smith in April, 1886. He was born in the United States. WILLIAM REEVES was appointed to the force by Mayor Smith in November, 1886. He was born in the United States. ROBERT CARROLL was born in Ireland in 1842. He was appointed to the police force by Mayor Smith in November, 1886. He has served in the U. S. Navy. JOHN WRIGHT was born in the United States in February, 1853. He was appointed to the police force by Mayor Smith in March, 1886. WILLIAM HUGHES was born in the United States in 1859. He was appointed to the police force by Mayor Smith in Novem- ber, 1886. ROBERT TAYLOR was born in the United States in 1839. He was appointed to the police force by Mayor McMichael in April, 1866. He has served in the U. S. Navy, CHARLES W. FISHER was born in the United States in i860. He was appointed to the police department in August, 1886. LAWRENCE J. CAREY was born in the United States in 1855. He served three years and two months in the U. S. Army. He was appointed to the police force by Mayor Smith in August, 1886. JOHN MOODY was appointed to the police force by Mayor Smith on November 9, 1886. LOUIS MANOUVER, turnkey, was born in Philadelphia in October, 1815. He entered the department under Mayor Gilpin in 1852. SUBSTITUTE PATROLMEN. WILLIAM S. RUSSELL was torn in the United States in 1843. He served in the U. S. Army as sergeant. He was ap- pointed a substitute patrolman by Mayor Smith in November, 1886. 4IO THE PHILADELPHIA POLICE, JOHN McCONNELL was appointed by Mayor Smith on November i8, 1886. He was born in the United States. SAMUEL J. MALONEY was appointed in December, 1886, by Mayor Smith. He was born in tlie United States in 1853. THE FOURTH DISTRICT. WILLIAM H. SHIELDS, lieutenant of the Fourth District, was born in Philadelphia in January, 1847. In 1863, when but sixteen years of age, he enlisted in the Forty-fourth Regiment of Pennsylvania Volunteers, and subsequently in the One Hundred and Ninety-eighth. During his term of service he was in action several times, and at the close of the war received an honorable discharge. On March 27, 1875, Mayor Stokley appointed him a patrolman in the Fourth District. On April 7, 1884, Mayor Smith promoted him to the lieutenancy of the district, which position he has retained since. In 1877, while on duty at the North Penn Railroad Depot, American and Berks streets, he was Attacked by the railroad rioters, and while taking a prisoner whom he had ar- rested to the station-house was severely injured. One night in the summer of 1881, while patrolling his beat, he was set upon by a gang of roughs near Second and Arch streets. The gang was led by a notorious criminal, Frank Burke. He threw a paving-stone at the officer, which the latter dodged, and when about to hurl an- other Shields drew his revolver and shot the ruffian dead. Al- though his district is one of the richest in the city, extending as it does from the Delaware River to Franklin Street, and from the north side of Chestnut to the south side of Vine, there have been very few crimes committed in its bounds since he became lieuten- ant. It is estimated that the merchandise alone in his district ex- ceeds one hundred millions of dollars in value. The great whole- sale and manufacturing houses centre in the Fourth District. Among them is the representative tirm of James S. Mason Co., at Nos. 134 to 140 North Front Street. A majority of the banks and nearly all the great saving and deposit companies, whose magnifi- cent and costly buildings are the pride of the city, are guarded by his men. The Fourth District Station-House is situated at Nos. 219 and 22 1 North Fifth Street, and is one of the most commodi- ous and comfortably furnished houses in the city. It was built by Mayor Stokley in 187 1 and cost $26,500. It is the equipping sta- Mi -■•-^C" !■ J" J .^"V"*-/^":' T- - — . ^^^ -M ^B 1^ ?^H T f lV^K ji ^ 1 WILLIAM H. SHIELDS, Lieutenant of the Fourth District. PAST AND PRESENT. 413 tion for the police department, and John Shedden, chief of that bureau, has comfortable quarters in the second story. A number of fires of importance have occurred in the Fourth District since Lieutenant Shields' appointment. On February 19, 1885, a fire broke out in a wool house on the north side of Chest- nut Street, below Second. It gained such rapid headway that although four alarms were sent in, several large buildings, used as wholesale stores, were entirely destroyed, together with their contents, entailing a loss of $250,000 and the sacrifice of two lives. Two nights later, on February 21, a fire at 504 and 506 Market Street destroyed property to the amount of $100,000. On May 28, of the same year, an explosion of benzine in Vehemeyer's furni- ture factory, south-west corner of Second and Market streets, blew out the wall of the building, instantly killing a woman who was passing, and injuring two other persons. Before the flames were ' extinguished a damage of $60,000 was done. On January 20, 1886, fire broke- out in an oil house, No. 115 Arch Street. The weather being very cold the firemen worked under great disadvan- tage, and before the flames were subdued the loss of half a million dollars was sustained, and a negro porter, who bravely entered the building to save his employer's property, was burnt to death. Lieutenant Shields has the fullest confidence of the bankers and other business men whose property he guards, and is a general favorite with the men under him. Sergeant BENJAMIN SHOURDS is one of the oldest ofiicers on the force, being seventy-four years of age. He is a native of Philadelphia and has been connected with the police department for thirty-four years, having served as an officer under Marshal Keyser before the consolidation of the city. He was made a sergeant in 187 1, and he has served in the Fourth Districl ever since. Sergeant RICHARD B. HEWITT was born in Pliiladelphia thirty three years ago, and was appointed a patrolman in the Seventh District by Mayor Stokley in 1876. He was promoted to sergeant in 1879, and in 1882 was transferred to the Fourth Dis- trict by Mayor King. House-Sergeant GEORGE W. TAYLOR was born in Philadel- phia in 1845. He enlisted in the Seventy seventh Pennsylvania Volunteers, December 8, 1861, and was wounded in the battle of 4,4 THE PHILADELPHIA POLICE, Chickamauga September 19, 1863. He was appointed to the police force January i, 1875, by Mayor Stokley. House-Sergeant ALFRED T. MARLOW was born in Maryland in 1851, and was appointed to the police force January i, 1876, by Mayor Stokley. EDWARD P. WHEELER was born in Philadelphia on Jan- uary 23, 1844. He entered the department under Mayor Stokley on January i, 1872; resigned February 9, 1884, and was reap- pointed by Mayor Smith on May 1, 1884. He was in the United States service from April 25, 1861, to July 29, i868, and was wounded three times. FRANK C. WOLFINGER was born in Bucks Co., Pa., on May 4, 1845. He was appointed patrolman by Mayor Stokley in June, 1872 ; resigned in 1880 and was reappointed by Mayor Smith in February, 1885. He served in the army and rose to the rank of lieutenant. JACOB OECHSLIN was born in Switzerland on April 12, 1842. He entered the service under Mayor Stokley on January I, 1872 ; resigned in 1875 and was reappointed in March, 1886, by Mayor Smith. JAMES W. LEWIS was born in Paulsboro, N. J., on Decem- ber 4, 183I.'.. He entered the service under Mayor Stokley on October 15, 1879. He was dismissed on June 29, 1883, by Mayor King and was reappointed by Mayor Smith on January 30, 1885. He served three years in the United States service. THOMAS GREER was born on March 14, 1857. He was ap- pointed patrolman by Mayor Stokley in February, 1878, and re- signed January, 1879. Mayor Smith recalled him to the depart- ment in May, 1884. WILLIAM P. KENNEDY was born in Allegheny City, Pa., February 21, 1833. He entered the department under Mayor Stokley on January 15, 1878. ROBERT BURNS was born in Ireland June 15, 1853. He was appointed by Mayor Smith on January 29, 1886. JOHN REDDING was born in Philadelphia on December 23, 1858. He entered the department under Mayor King on March II, 1882. MICHAEL McGUIRE was born in Ireland on September 15, 1833. He was appointed patrolman on October 20, 1868. He PAST AND PRESENT. 415 resigned on October 15, 1871, and was reappointed by Mayor Stokley in July, 1877. JOHN J. CONEYS was born in St. John, N. B., on November 27, 1846. He was appointed by Mayor Sniitii on June 5, 1884. He served two years in the United States Navy. WILLIAM NAGKL was born in Philadelphia on March 29, 1837. He entered the department under Mayor Stokley on Sep- tember 15, 1875. JOHN MUEGGE was born in Hanover, Germany, on May 24, 1850. He was appointed by Mayor Smith on May 24, 1884. He served in the United States Army. CHARLES E. STEVENSON was born in Philadelphia on October 9, 1846. He entered the department under Mayor Stok- ley in 1876, was discharged in 1880 and was reappointed by Mayor Smith in 1884. EDWARD A. FOW was born in Philadelphia on December 4, 1843. He was appointed patrolman by Mayor King on October II, 1883. EDWARD McNAULTY,was born in Philadelphia on August 3, 1863. He was appointed on April 23, 1886, by Mayor Smith. HARRY A. BEAM was born in Philadelphia on May 27, i860. He entered the department under Mayor Smith on May 24, 1884. FRANK BAUMGRATZ was born in Philadelphia on De- cember 21, 1858. Mayor Smith made him a patrolman on June IS, 1884. HENRY HENKLE was born in Germany on December 23, 1852. He was appointed by Mayor Stokley December 23, 1875 ; was discharged on June 26, 1881, and was reappointed on May i, 1884, by Mayor Smith. JOHN RUSSEL was born in Philadelphia on December 8, i860. He entered the service under Mayor Smith on June 15, 1884. GEORGE GOSS was born in Camden, N. J., on April 11, 1856. He entered the department under Mayor Smith May 24, 1884. THOMAS F. NILAN was born in Baltimore, Md., on May 3, 1856. He entered the department under Mayor Smith on Febru- ary 16, 1885. PETER J. SYNAN was born an March 28, 1851, in Liver pool, England. Mayor Smith appointed him on April 28, 1884. HARRY VAN METER was born in Philadelphia on March 2, 4i6 THE PHILADELPHIA POLICE, 1856. He entered the department on October 7, 1886, under Mayor Smith. THOMAS CECIL was born in Philadelphia on October 5, 1851. He entered the department under Mayor Stokley on Sep- tember 15, 1875. JACOB NESPER was born in Germany on March 3, 1831. He was appointed patrolman by Mayor Fox May 15, 1869 ; was dismissed by Mayor Stokley on January i, 1872, and was reap- pointed August 3, 1883, by Mayor King. FREDERICK NOLLINGER was born in Germany on Octo- ber 18, 1848. He entered the department under Mayor Stokley on April 26, 1886. WILLIAM H. LISTER was bom in Philadelphia on Septem- ber 28, 1837. He was appointed by Mayor Henry in March, 1864 ; resigned January, 1868, and was reappointed by Mayor Stokley in February, 1872. HOWARD P. FROWERT was born in Philadelphia on Jan- uary 19, 1853. He was appointed by Mayor Stokley on Septem- ber 8, 1879 ; was dismissed in February, 1884, by Mayor King, and was reappointed by Mayor Smith on April 25 of the same year ; was again dismissed by Mayor Smith in August, 1884, and was reinstated on March 4, 1886. THOMAS CROPPER was born in London, England, on Jan- uary 16, 1834. He entered the department under Mayor Stokley in September, 1872 ; was dismissed in August, 1876 ; reappointed in June, 1877 ; again dismissed in November, 1883, and reap- pointed by Mayor Smith in March, 1884. H. C. NOBLIT was born in Montgomery Co., Pa., on Septem- ber 24, 1844. He entered the department under Mayor Mc- Michael on June 20, 1867 ; resigned June 27, 1870, and reap- pointed January i, 1872, by Mayor Stokley. GEORGE C. TURNER was born in Rahway, N. J., on April 29, 1850. He was, appointed by Mayor Stokley on January 4, 1874. He arrested William Fields, a negro, at Third and Chest- nut streets, and on the way to the station-house the prisoner turned on the officer and shot him through the hand. AUGUST SPEISKEY was born in Philadelphia on August 25, 1846. He was appointed on April 20, 1878, by Mayor Stokley. He served two years and eight months in the army. THOMAS W. GARDNER, special officer, was born in Phila- PAST AND PRESENT. 417 delphia on March 8, 1844. He was appointed by Mayor Mc- Michael on October 10, 1866 ; was dismissed by Mayor Fox, June 28, 1868; was reappointed by Mayor Stokley on January i, 1872, as a reserve; was promoted to sergeant of the Twenty- fifth District by Mayor Stokley on September 12, 1884; was removed by Mayor Smith on January i, 1886, and was appointed as special officer of the Fourth District on April i, 1886. HERMAN THAU was born in New Jersey on April 17, 1849. He was appointed by Mayor Stokley on February 19, 1876. CHARLES A. ALLBRIGHT was born in Philadelphia on May 25, 1834. He entered the department under Mayor Mc- Michael on May i, 1866; was dismissed by Mayor Fox January u, 1869, and reappointed November 22, 1872, by Mayor Stokley. He served one year in the army. JOHN R. BARNARD was born in Philadelphia on March 14, 1853. He became a patrolman under Mayor Stokley on March 22, 1878; was removed on January 21, 1879, ^"'^ was reappointed by Mayor Stokley on July 2, 1879. HARRY D. SHOURDS was born in Philadelphia on August 20, 1856. He entered the department under Mayor Stokley on February 10, 1877. CHARLES H. VAUGHN was born in Philadelphia on January 25, 1841. He was appointed patrolman by Mayor Smith on May 17, 1884. GEORGE GREER was born in Philadelphia on October 3, 1862. He became a patrolman under Mayor Smith on April 14, 1885. GEORGE E. KELLY was born in Philadelphia on December 9, 1853. He became a patrolman under Mayor King in February, 1882. MICHAEL CRONIN was born in Ireland on September 29, 1844. He was appointed by Mayor King on January 4, 1883. JEREMIAH BURK was born May 9, 1850. He entered the department under Mayor Stokley on January i, 1879. EDWARD STAFFORD was born in Ireland on November 5, 1838. He was appointed February 5, 1886, by Mayor Smith. He served in the army- for five years. JOSEPH STOREY was born in Philadelphia on January 20, 1845. He was appointed patrolman by Mayor Stokley on January 27 4i8 THE PHILADELPHIA POLICE, I, 1872; dismissed October 11, 1883, by Mayor King and reap- pointed by Mayor Smith, 1884. EDWARD J. DAWSON was born in Melbourne, Australia, February 27, 1851. He was appointed by Mayor Smith on April 6, 1886. He served in the United States Navy. JOHN W. ALEXANDER was born in Philadelphia on March II, 1854. He entered the department under Mayor Stokley on November 5, 1878. He arrested " English Bill," a watch thief, whose right name is George Wittig. WILBUR WARD was born in Philadelphia on August 16, 1861. He was appointed by Mayor Smith on August 16, 1884. CHARLES DECKER was born on March 4, 1838, in Orange Co., New York. He was appointed patrolman by Mayor Smith on October 24, 1884. He served three years in the army. DANIEL J. MacNEIL was bom in Philadelphia August 5, 1843. He entered the department under Mayor Stokley January 25, 1878. He served three years in the army. JOHN W. GREENWOOD was born in Philadelphia August 31, 1852. He was appointed to the police force by Mayor Stokley on November 12, 1876 ; resigned under Mayor Smith, and was reappointed by him October 6, 1886. VALENTINE RUNTNAGLE, turnkey, was born in Germany on December 12, 1827. He was appointed turnkey by Mayor Smith on May 6, 1884. substiti;te patrolmen. CHRISTIAN EBERLE was born in Germany on October 13, 1839. He was appointed by Mayor Smith October 8, 1886. FRANK J. HUGHES was born April 29, 1854. He was ap- pointed on July 10, 1883, by Mayor King; resigned January 27, 1886; reappointed November 27, 1886, by Mayor Smith. HARRY F. MILLET was born in Philadelphia on January 2 Si 1858. He was appointed by Mayor Smith on October 30, 1886. ALFRED WHEELER was born at Newberryport, Mass., on November 24, 1843. He enlisted in the 19th Regiment Massachu- setts Volunteers in 1861, and served three years. He was ap- pointed a substitute patrolman by Mayor Smith on December 14, 1886. PAST AND PRESENT. 415 JOHN J, LOWRY was born in Philadelphia on January 25, 1863. He was appointed by Mayor Smith on December 14, 1886. JOHN HARTLEY was born at Bristol, England, on October 12, 1847. He was appointed a substitute patrolman by Mayor Smith on January 10, 1887. WILLIAM H. WRIGHT was born in Kent County, Delaware, on March 31, 1840. He enlisted on Mays, 1861, in the 26th Reg- iment Pennsylvania Volunteers, and on October 5, 1862, was transferred to the ist Regiment U. S. Artillery. He was discharged on May 5, 1864. Mayor Henry appointed him to the police force on April i, 1865, and he served until July i, 1869. He was re- appointed by Mayor Stokley January i, 1872, and served contin- uously until October 9, 1886. Mayor Smith appointed him a sub- stitute patrolman on January 15, 1887. 420 THE PHILADELPHIA POLICE, CHAPTER XVII. The Body of the Force — {Continued'). FIFTH AND SIXTH POLICE AND FIFTH PATROL DISTRICTS. — LIEUTENANT USILTON'S DUTIES. — SERGEANTS KING, MATTHEWS, IRWIN, FRANK M. AND GEORGE B. EVANS. —RECORDS OF THE MEN. — ^THE PATROL WAGON'S 10,000 MILES OF TRAVEL. — SERGEANTS CROOKS AND WOODS. — LIEUTENANT WALTON'S LONG SERVICE.— SERGEANTS EAGAN, FORD AND BABE. — SPECIAL OFFI- CERS MYERS AND LENOIR. — RECORDS OF THE MEN. THE FIFTH DISTRICT. EDWIN L. USILTON, lieutenant of the Fifth District, was born in Kent County, Maryland, June 2, 1837. He was appointed a patrolman by Mayor Stokley January i, 1872, and resigned May I, 1879. O" April I, 1884, he was appointed lieutenant of the Fifth District By Mayor Smith. The Fifth District Station-House is at Fifteenth and Locust streets, and was erected during Mayor Fox's administration, under the supervision of General St. Clair Mulholland, his chief of police. Tt was the first improved station- house built in the city. The Fifth District extends from the west side of Seventh Street to the Schuylkill River, and from the south side of Chestnut Street to the north side of Spruce Street. Six places of amusement and five of the largest hotels in the city are in his district, as well as the new Baltimore & Ohio Railroad Depot. Sergeant JOHN KING was born in Philadelphia on October 10, 1843. He was appointed to a place on the force as a Reserve by Mayor Stokley in January, 1872. He was promoted to the rank of sergeant of the Fifth District by Mayor Smith in June, 1884. He served in the army. Sergeant WILLIAM T. MATTHEWS was born in Philadelphia EDWIN L. USILTON, Lieutenant of the Fifth District. PAST AND PRESENT. 423 on October 2, 1852. He was appointed by Mayor Stokley on Sep- tember 2, 1880, as- patrolman of the Nineteenth District. He was. promoted to the position of the sergeant of Fifth District by Mayor Smith in 1884. House-Sergeant WILLIAM H. IRWIN was born in Philadel- phia on February 16, 1848. Mayor Fox appointed him in De- cember, 1871, and he has served continuously since. He is a veteran of the late vi-ar. House-Sergeant FRANK M. EVANS was born in Philadelphia on August 17, 1851. Mayor Stokley appointed him in January, 1874. House-Sergeant GEORGE B. EVANS was bom in Pennsyl- vania on April 30, 1845. Mayor Stokley appointed him in April, 1877. He served in the army. JOHN MURRAY, special officer, was born August 26, 1854. He was appointed patrolman by Mayor King on October 16, 1882, and was transferred to the Fifth District as special officer in 1886 by Mayor Smith. WILLIAM BOON was born in Philadelphia, August 9, 1849. He entered the department under Mayor Stokley, July 18, 1874. He served in the army. SAMUEL C. STUART was born in Ireland on July i, 1831. He entered the department under Mayor Henry on June 17, 1858. He served in the army. JAMES W. DILLARD was born in Virginia on October 12, 1850. He was appointed by Mayor King on May 28, 1883. JOSEPH W. BROWN was born in Philadelphia February 15, 1846. Mayor Stokley appointed him on April 4, 1875. He is a veteran of the war. ROBERT GILMORE was born in Ireland in 1858. He en- tered the department as an appointee of Mayor Smith on May 18, 1884. JOSEPH L. KRINKS was born in Connecticut, August 8, 1853. Mayor Smith appointed him on January 19, i886. THOMAS MILLIGAN was born in Ireland in 1841. He was appointed by Mayor Stokley in December, 1880; resigned under Mayor King and was reappointed in May, 1884, by Mayor Smith. He served in the army. JOHN UPRICHARD was born in Philadelphia in 1858. He entered the department under Mayor Smith, in May, 1886. 424 THE PHILADELPHIA POLICE, J. C. MANSFIELD was born in Pennsylvania February 22, 1848. He entered the department under Mayor Stokley, Febru- ary 8, 1880. He served in the army. JAMES CARROLL was born in Ireland in 1839. He first entered the department under Mayor Stokley on February 18, 1880, and served until April 7, 1884. Mayor Smith reappointed him on April 7, 1886. DAVID M. BLIZZARD was born in Philadelphia on Sep- tember 8, 1842. He was appointed by Mayor McMichael in 1866, and served until 1869. Mayor Stokley reappointed him on January i, 1862. He served in the army. THOMAS McCRAN was born in Ireland in 1855, Mayor Smith placed him in the department on April 7, 1886. DENNIS FLYNN was born in Philadelphia on Julyzl, 1856. Ma)'or Smith appointed him a patrolman on May 27, 1885. JOHN RAIDEN was born in Connecticut on August 10, 1845. He became connected with the department under Mayor Smith on December 22, 1884. THOMAS MEHAFFY was born in Ireland in 1849. He was appointed on May 8, 1886, by Mayor Smith. THOMAS W. MILLER was born in Philadelphia in February, 1843. Mayor Stokley appointed him on December 4, 1880. He served in the army. GEORGE FULTON was born in Ireland in 1840. Mayor Smith appointed him on June 4, 1884. CHARLES PLEASANTS was born in Philadelphia on July 9, 1843. He was appointed by Mayor Smith on March 27, 1886. PETER ANDERSON was born in Philadelphia on March 30, 1847. He entered the department under Mayor Smith on March 30, 1886. He served during the war in both army and navy. NOAH COLEMAN was born in Maryland in 1834. He was appointed as patrolman by Mayor Stokley in January, 1872, and has served continuously since that time. GEORGE W. CHATHAM was born in Philadelphia in 1836. He has been in the department continuously since his appoint- ment by Mayor Stokley on May 14, 1876. He served in the United States Army. JOSEPH ROBINSON was born in Philadelphia in 1850. PAST AND PRESENT. 425 Mayor Smith appointed him March 27, 1886. He served in the navy. PETER L. FIXES was born in Philadelphia in 1842. He served in the department under Mayor McMichael from i860 to 1862, and was reappointed by Mayor Smith on June 3, 1884. JACOB MORGAN was born in Philadelphia in 1852. He en- tered the department under Mayor Smith on January 22, 1886. BENJAMIN HEMPHILL was born in Philadelphia March 29, 1855. Mayor Stokley appointed him patrolman on April 22, 1874. WILLIAM K. COLBURN was born in Connecticut in 1836. He was appointed in June, 1866, by Mayor McMichael. He served in the army. ARTHUR STETTEN was born in Germany on April 12, 1840. Mayor Stokley appointed him on October 21, 1874. B. FRANK POTTS was born in Philadelphia August 27, 1850. Mayor Smith appointed him in April, 1886. C. V. TOLSON was born in Maryland, January 12, 1849. He was appointed by Mayor Smith November i, 1886. CORNELIUS GALLAGHER was born in Philadelphia No- vember 7, 185 1. He was appointed by Mayor Smith as driver of patrol No. 5, January i, 1886, and was made street patrolman October 12, 1886. THOMAS SHERIDAN was born in Ireland in August, 1856. He was appointed by Mayor Smith Septe'mber 16, 1886. JOHN F. CROSSIN was born in Philadelphia May 18, 1862. He was appointed by Mayor Smith September 27, 1886. JAMES GIBSON was born in Ireland August 12, 1846. He was appointed by Mayor Smith December 8, x886. WILLIAM W. HAGGERTY was born in Philadelphia March 25, 1856. He was appointed by Mayor Smith December 8, 1886. CORNELIUS A. THOMAS, turnkey, was born in Virginia, March 20, 1859. He was appointed by Mayor Smith May 15, 1884. THE FIFTH PATROL DISTRICT. The Fifth Patrol District was organized January i, 1886, but horses were not provided until the first of April. From that time until Jan. i, 1887, the two squads responded to 3648 alarms, and 426 THE PHILADELPHIA POLICE, made 3822 arrests. To do this they travelled 9397 miles. The patrol house is at Juniper and Sansom streets. The district com- prises the Fifth and Nineteenth Police districts, and extends from Seventh Street to the Schuylkill River, and from Chestnut to South streets. ' ALEXANDER CROOKS, sergeant of squad No. 1, of the Fifth Patrol District, was born in Philadelphia in 1849. He was ap- pointed to his present position Jan. i, 1886. JOHN WOODS, sergeant of squad No. 2, was born in Phila- delphia in 1851. He was appointed to the patrol service Jan. i, 1886. HENRY WALLRATH, driver for squad No. i, was born in Philadelphia April 23, 1852, and was appointed January i, 1886. GEORGE FOREMAN, driver for squad No. 2, was born in Philadelphia in 1843, and was appointed October 12, 1886. Driver Foreman served with distinction during the war in the vol- unteer service, and was afterwards for five years in the First Reg- ular Cavalry. JOSEPH S. KELLEY, patrolman in squad No. i, was born in Philadelphia January 10, 1849. He enlisted in the One Hundred and Eighty-third Regiment of Pennsylvania Volunteers September, 1863, and served until the close of the war. Mayor Smith ap- pointed him special officer of the Nineteenth District, April i 1886. He was transferred to the patrol service November i, 1886. ALFRED FILI, patrolman in squad No. 2, was born in Phila- delphia, and was appointed to the service Jan. i, 1886. SUBSTITUTE PATROLMEN. JOHN A. GOLDIE was born in Scotland September 29, i86o. He was appointed by Mayor Smith December 16, 1886. JOSEPH GALLAGHER was born in Ireland in the year 1849. He was appointed a substitute patrolman on January 8, 1887, by Mayor Smith. WILLIAM HENSON was born in Philadelphia December 17 1859. He was appointed a substitute patrolman by Mayor Smith on January 15, 1887. JOHN O'BOYLE was born in Philadelphia June 12, 1856. PAST AND PKKSENT. 4,7 He was appointed a substitute patrolman by Mayor Smith on Jan- uary 15, 1887. ALEXANDER McNULTY was born in Philadelphia in 1851. He was appointed a substitute patrolman by Mayor Smith on Feb- ruary 7, 1887. THE SIXTH DISTRICT. Lieutenant ENOCH E. WALTON is in charge of the Sixth Dis- trict. He was born in New York City on September 15, 1840, and came to Philadelphia when about sixteen years of age. He served a year in the United States Navy before his appointment on the city police force. He was appointed by Mayor Henry on June I, 1865, as patrolman, attached to what was at that time the Eleventh District, which covered the north eastern section of the city. He continued in that position during the remainder of Mayor Henry's term and through the entire term of Mayor McMichael. The politics of the administration having been changed by the election of Daniel M. Fox as Mayor, Patrolman Walton resigned from the force and went to work in the old Navy Yard, in the painting department. When Mayor Stokley was elected, he appointed Mr. Walton on the .Reserve squad, and in that capacity he served twelve years, having been variously located at Fifth and Chestnut, Second and Chestnut and Thirteenth and Chestnut. On April 14, 1884, Mayor Smith made him lieutenant of the Sixth District, one of the most important in the department. The Sixth District extends from and includes the north side of Chestnut to the south side of Vine, and from the west side of Seventh to the east side of Broad. The station-house is located on Eleventh Street below Vine, and it is manned by forty-two officers, patrolmen and "subs." The district includes large business interests. In its south-wfestern corner, at Juniper and Chestnut streets, is the United States Mint. Right below is John Wanamaker's Grand Depot. Other large business houses under the care of Lieutenant Walton and his men are Strawbridge & Clothier's ; Hood, Bonbright & Co.'s immense new building at Eleventh and Market streets; Joel J. Bailey's; Lippincott's pub- lishing house ; Granville B. Haines & Co. (late Cooper & Conard's dry-goods house), and Sharpless' large dry-goods store. Besides these and hundreds of other big stores there are the Post-Office and eight places of amusement, — the Chestnut Street Theatre, the ^28 THE PHILAUliLPHIA POLICE, Chestnut Street Opera House, the Eleventh Street Opera House, the Arch Street Opera House, Forepaugh's Theatre, the Club The- atre and the Dime Museum. The Girard and Bingham houses are the only hotels of any note in the district. The district officers have also five newspaper offices to look after. They are The Record, The Daily A'ews, 2"hc North American, The Eveniug Call, The Star, and The Item. As well as having to protect these im- mense business interests Lieutenant Walton has to look after the vicious element drawn to the north-eastern section of his district by the number of concert dives, saloons, and other disreputable resorts which are thickly scattered within the blocks bounded by Arch and Vine streets and Eleventh and Seventh streets. He has broken up several dangerous thieves' gangs, notably the one that a few years ago made Joe Burns' saloon, at No. 804 Rose Street, a rendezvous, and although unable to close up the Concert saloons he has them so under surveillance that nothing can be done in them which is not permissible under their license. Lieutenant Walton has figured as principal and assistant in many important arrests. A few years after his first appointment on the force as a patrolman he caught two horse thieves, named John Skillman and George Headley, as they were driving into the city with a pair of horses they had stolen from a farmer named Hick- man near Doylestown, Bucks County. He had the men convicted, and they both served five years in the penitentiary. When he was on the Reserve force he was, a portion of his term, stationed at Second and Chestnut. While standing at his post one day his attention was attracted by a cry of " murder," coming from the gold-refining room of an old man named Lees, who oc- cupied the second floor of a building a few steps from the corner. Hastening to the place he met John Blake, a well-known criminal, coming out. He arrested Blake and took him up to Mr. Lees' room, where the old gentleman stated that Blake had struck him on the head with something and knocked him down and had then grabbed a handful of old jewellery. The prisoner was searched and the stuff was found in his pockets. Blake was imprisoned for eight years. It was in Lieutenant Walton's district that Annie Cutler, the ne. gress, shot and killed her former lover, William Knight, on Wed- nesday evening, April 22, 1885. Annie Cutler was employed in Joseph Mettler's saloon, and Knight, who was a waiter in a private ENOCH E. WALTON, Lifiitenaiil df the Sixth iJistrict. PAST AND PRESENT. 431 family, had been paying lier attentions, and according to her state- ment, had ruined her under a promise of marriage. Tiring of her he abandoned her and transferred his attentions to and married another woman. She was maddened by his neglect and deter- mined to kill him. Going in search of him on the evening of the murder she found him on Arch Street above Eleventh. Upon coming close to him she fired two shots from a revolver into his back. The man fell dying at her feet, and he expired in the hospital half an hour after he was shot. When she was seized by passers-by she struggled to get loose, crying, " For Heaven's sake let me give him the balance of it." She was tried and convicted of murder in the first degree and sen- tenced to be hanged. The public took great interest in her case, and a petition for a commutation of the death-sentence to impris- onment for life was numerously signed and sent to Governor Pattison, and the resfflt was that the death penalty was commuted and she is now serving a seven-year sentence. Lieutenant Walton is a strict disciplinarian, and requires his men to pay the same strict attention to their duties as he himself gives. His force is therefore one of the best ordered and organ- ized in the city. Sergeant ANDREW EAGAN of the Sixth District was born in Philadelphia forty-eight years ago. He was appointed patrolman on August 10, 1865, by Mayor Henry and was in continuous ser- vice until he resigned, at the expiration of Mayor McMichael's term, on December 31, 1868. He returned to service in the de- partment, when Mayor Stokley made him a patrolman on January I, 1872. On January i, 1873, he was promoted to the position of sergeant and has worn the sergeant's stripes ever since. Sergeant Eagan is also entitled to wear the red stripe, denoting service in the United States Army. He earned this privilege by one year's service in the Union Army during the War of the Rebellion. Sergeant SAMUEL G. FORD is a Philadelphian by birth. He was but twenty-six years old when appointed by Mayor Smith to the force on May 1, 1884. During his short service he has made for himself a record as a good officer. House-Sergeant WILLIAM BABE, Jr., was born in Phila- delphia, December 9, 1852. He was appointed by Mayor Stokley in July, 1875, and was promoted to house-sergeant in April, 1879 ; removed December 31, 1885, by Mayor Smith, and reappointed in ^22 THE PHILADELPHIA POLICE, March, 1886, as a sub-officer. He was made a regular on Septem- ber II, 1886, and assigned to duty as sub-house-sergeant of the Twenty-third District. He was transferred to the Sixth District on January 4, 1887. On November 28, 1879, he arrested John Moothart, a notorious horse thief. House-Sergeant CHARLES JAHKAUS was born in 1842. He was appointed a telegraph operator by Superintendent Philips in 1865, and served until 1875. He was a U. S. Deputy Marshal in Washington, D. C, from 1880 until 1884, He was appointed house- sergeant by Mayor Smith on September 6, 1886. HARRY K. RULON, who is connected with the Mayor's office, is carried on the rolls of the Sixth Police District. He was born in Philadelphia on February 25, 1837. At the outbreak of the war he enlisted as a private in. Co. B, 19th Regiment Pennsylvania Volunteers, on April 27, 1861, and re-enlisted in the 114th Regi- ment on August 7, 1862, as first sergeant. He was promoted to second lieutenant December 13, 1862, for meritorious conduct at Fredericksburg, Va. On May 3, 1863, at Chancellorsville, he was made first lieutenant, and at Gettysburg, on July 2, 1863, the rank of captain was conferred on him. He was taken prisoner at Shirfy House, Gettysburg, on the date of his promotion, and was confined in Libby Prison for nearly ten months. He rejoined his regiment at Spottsylvania on May 27, 1864, and was assigned to duty as assistant provost marshal on the staff of General Patrick, Provost Marshal General, Army of the Potomac. He participated in the siege of Petersburg, Va., and was present at the battles of Fort Sedgwick, Weldon R. R., the fall of Petersburg and Rich- mond, find at Appomattox when General Lee surrendered. In August, 1865, Captain Rulon was appointed to a position in the U. S. Mint at Philadelphia, and remained there until the ad- ministration of President Cleveland, a period of nearly twenty years. He was appointed to the police department by Mayor Smith on May 14, 1885, and assigned to special duty at the Mayor's office. He is on duty from four o'clock in the afternoon of each day until relieved at midnight. He receives and answers all tele- grams or inquiries on police matters, and communicates the same to the Mayor or Chief of Police at their homes by telephone, and when directed, he acts in any emergency In the absence of the Mayor or Chief until they can be communicated with. JAMES ORR was born in this city 47 years ago. He was PAST AND PRESENT. 433 appointed patrolman by Mayor Henry on November 1, 1865, and served till the end of Mayor McMichael's term, when he resigned. He was reappointed on May i, 1873, by Mayor Stokley and has been in continuous service ever since. Nine months' service in tlie United States Army during the Rebellion constitutes his record as a soldier. The most important arrest he ever made was the capture on December 25, of the murderer, John O'Toole, and a number of thieves owe their incarceration to his watchful- ness. HENRY HUMPHRIES has served the department as patrol- man for fifteen years. He was born in this city in 1839. Mayor Stokley appointed him as a patrolmain on January i, 1872, and he has been in continuous service ever since. He is commended as a faithful and attentive officer, and evil doers keep at a distance from him. WILLIAM H. MYERS, special officer, has served fifteen years in the district. He was appointed on January i, 1872, by Mayor Stokley. He arrested Howard Price on August 16, 1874, for the murder of Cornelius Gristman. These two- men were en- gaged in a prize-fight and Price knocked Gristman down. The latter died from the effects of the blow. On May 29, 1875, he arrested John Flowers for the killing of George Alexander. Ar- thur McManes, George Shaffer, William Cope and Joseph Carr, burglars, were some of his important captures. Lizzie Kirby, a notorious badger-thief, was arrested by him on December 2, 1885. He had a hand in the arrest of Edward Kilo, the forger. He also captured James Mervine, who stabbed Sergeant Wallace of the Sixth District four times with a pen-knife ; Thomas Laycock, Wil- liam Nixon, Joseph Foster, William Walker, George McClellan, George Brooks, alias Hustin, Frank Richardson, John McNamee, alias " Cockey," Annie Cajey, Samuel Chapman and George Mor- rison, all dangerous thieves ; Joseph Harding, George Merrick and Charles Dickson, burglars ; Charles Rose, a " killer ; " Thomas Blake and Charles Bigley, pickpockets, and many other criminals of less note but hardly less dangerous. JOSEPH ARBUCKLEwas botn in Philadelphia in 1851. He was appointed patrolman on September 18, 1875. He has served the district in the capacity of patrolman for eleven successive years. His most important arrest was that of Lottie Sweigart, a notorious shop-lifter, on March 22, 1886. 28 434 THE PHILADELPHIA POLICE, WILLIAM D. SOUDERS is a native of Chester County, Penn- sylvania. He is fifty-one years of age. He was appointed by Mayor Stokley on February i8, 1873. His years of good service in the department are fourteen. ROBERT BROWN is a Philadelphian born. He has been on the force nearly twelve years, since his appointment in March, 1875, by Mayor Stokley. Officer Brown served the country in the U. S. Navy for eight years and five months. His record as a policeman is a good one. WILLIAM HASLETT was born forty-two years ago in this city. He has been in continuous service since his appointment by Mayor Stokley on February 14, 1875. His record includes the arrest, on January 2C5, 1878, of Samuel Doyle and John Coleman, for burglary; on March 8, 1878, John Bradford, a counterfeiter; April 14, 1879, John Meredith, and on September 24, Henry Osterhorst and William Cutler, for passing counterfeit money, and on February 22, 1882, the notorious pair of badger thieves, James Wilson and Mary Phillips. EDWARD LISTER was born in Philadelphia and is 43 years old. He became a patrolman by appointment of Mayor Stokley, in October, 1875. During the Rebellion he served three years in the United States Navy. EDWARD MOCK was born in Philadelphia. He was ap- pointed on October 9, 1877, by Mayor Stokley. One year's service in the United States Army gives him the privilege of wearing .the red stripe. He is a good officer and has done commendable service. ROBERT McCALLEY was born in this city in 1846. He served four years in the United States Army during the late war. On July I, 1878, Mayor Stokley made him a patrolman of the Sixth District, and he has become known as an efficient officer during eight and a half years of service. Among the well-known crimi- nals whom he has arrested were John McGlinchey, Michael Reardon and Arthur Campbell, highway robbers ; Frank Hirlstine for arson, and Tobias Barker and William McPherson, burglars. JOSEPH C. HODGSON was born in this city. He has been on the force eight years, being one of Mayor Stokley's appoint- ments in October, 1878. He is a good officer. He arrested Christian Alexander on February 4, 1880, for highway robbery. JAMES A. KEKFE was born in Philadelphia. He has been PAST AND PRESENT. 435 an officer for eight years and a half and has a good record. He was appointed by Mayor Stokley on June 28, 1878. On January 10, 1880, he arrested Henry Hall for robbery. HARVEY FRENCH was born in Bordentown, N. J., 42 years ago. He was appointed by Mayor Stokley on April 13, 1878. He served in the United States Army for three years during the late war. GEORGE APPLE is a Philadelphian by birth. Mayor Stokley appointed him patrolman on January 14, 1879. He is an efficient officer. On November 13, 1882, he arrested Lewis Schuni, charged with assault and battery with intent to kill. WILLIAM BOILEAU was appointed in February, 1879, '')' Mayor Stokley and has done active duty ever since. He is a native of this city. He arrested James Green for felony on No- vember 28, 1880, and on December 28, 1879, he arrested William J. Mehan for manslaughter. WILLIAM ROSE was appointed by Mayor Stokley in August, 187s, and served for one year and eleven months, when he left the department. He was reinstated by Mayor King in March, 1884, and resigned on February 7, 1885, under Mayor Smith. The latter reappointed him on January 16, 1886. He was born in this city. TIMOTHY REDMOND is a native Philadelphian. He was appointed September 15, 1879, by Mayor Stokley and served two years and seven months under his administration. Two months after Mayor King's election Officer Redmond resigned. He was reappointed by Mayor Smith on September 6, 1884. He arrested Eugene Walsh on August i, 1879, ^°^ ^^P^ ! Fanny Brown, on February 2, 1886, and Lincoln PfieflEer, a highway robber, on August s, 1886. FREDERICK LENOIR, special officer, is credited with being one of the best officers in the district. He was appointed in May, 1879, by Mayor Stokley, and has served for nearly eight years. He is a veteran of the late war, having served two years in the army during its duration. The books of the district credit him with many important arrests, the principal of which were, the capture of the well-known burglar, Thomas Owens, alias Black Tom, on December 10, 1884, and of George Taylor, a forger, on August 11, 1885. He assisted in the arrest of the forger, Edward Kilo, on July 11, 1885. 436 THE PHILADELPHIA POLICE, JOSEPH THAYER was born in New York and is forty-one years old. Mayor Stokley made him a patrolman in November, 1879 He served in the army one year during the Rebellion. He assisted in the capture of Lincoln Pfieffer, the highway robber, on August 5, 1886. SAMUEL G. POLLOCK was appointed patrolman by Mayor Stokley and has served on the force seven years in all. He has a good record as an officer. HENRY NEVINS is a young patrolman with a good record. He was appointed by Mayor Stokley on September 6, 1880. On September 25, 1881, he captured "Jack "Green and Harry Martin, highway robbers; on July 28, 1883, Edward Frodden, murderer; on March 12, 1885, Charles White, a highway robber; on Decem- ber 7, 1885, William Scott and Lizzie Kirby, badger-thieves, and on July 17, 1886, Charles Ferguson and John Kelly, window-smashers. JOSEPH M. BOYCE was born in this city in 1842. He was in the United States Navy during the Rebellion. He was ai> pointed patrolman by Mayor Stokley and resigned after two years, service. He was again appointed by Mayor Smith on June 9, 1884. JAMES O'NEIL was born in Springfield, Mass., in 1850 ; ap- pointed by Mayor Stokley September 8, 1877 ; resigned in May, 1884, and was reappointed on May i, 1885, by Mayor Smith. He is credited with good service. JAMES CLAYTON was born in this city. He joined the department by appointment of Mayor Stokley in March, 1880, and has been in continuous service through the administrations of mayors Stokley, King and Smith. He was a volunteer in the late war and in the Regulars for twelve years. On August 16, 1886, lie captured James Barton, a counterfeit money dealer. BOWMAN SIMPSON has been a patrolman nearly seven years. He was appointed in June, 1880, by Mayor Stokley. He is a native of Philadelphia. He is a good officer. HARRY C. COOKE has been a patrolman six years. He was appointed by Mayor Stokley on January 7, 1881. He has done good service in the department. He arrested burglar John Campbell on June 24, 1881. CHARLES H. FIELD is an appointee of Mayor Smith and has been on the force less than three years, but in that time he has fAST AND PRESENT. 437 commended himself to his superiors by his attention to duty. He was born in Hollowell, Maine, and is thirty-nine years old. OLIVER BLACKBURN is an Irishman by birth. He was appointed by Mayor Smith in May, 1884, and his superior officers consider him a good officer. WILLIAM H. SMITH was made a patrolman on June 9, 1884, by Mayor Smith. Burlington, N. J., is the place where he was born. In his short term of service he has done good work. ALBERT HALLOVVELL was appointed by Mayor Smith on May 16, 1884. He was born in Philadelphia and is thirty-three years old. CHARLES GRASSELL was born in Philadelphia. He was appointed by Mayor Smith in June, 1884. JOHN W. HARTSHORNE became connected with the de- partment on May 10, 1876, when he was appointed by Mayor Stokley, under whom he served one year. He was reappointed by Mayor Smith on December 30, 1884. He has done good service during his connection with the department. He arrested the negress, Annie Cutler, who shot and killed William Knight, her lover, at Eleventh and Arch streets, on April 22, 1885. On June 22, 1886, he captured the highway robbers, Martin Ryan and John Glazier. SAMUEL E. CAMPBELL was appointed by Mayor Smith on June 24, 1886. He is an efficient officer. GEORGE W. LOCKREY was a patrolman under Mayor Stok- ley for two years and two months, having been appointed by him on September 20, 1878. He served two years and nine months under Mayor King and through all of Mayor Smith's term. JOHN C. PEARSON was appointed on January i, 1872, by Mayor Stokley and served under that mayor for seven years. He was reappointed by Mayor King. His record as a soldier is two years and nine months in the Volunteers during the Rebellion and three years in the Regular Army. JOHN M. RANDALL was born in Bucks County, Pa., in 1844. He served nine months as a soldier in the late war. He was made a patrolman in March, 1886, by Mayor Smith. HENRY T. WILSON was made a patrolman by Mayor Smith on July 12, 1886. He served nine months in the Federal Army. THOMAS CLOUSER was appointed a patrolman by Mayor Stokley in January, 1872. He was born in 1845. ^jg THE PHILADELPHIA POLICE, SUBSTITUTE PATROLMEN. LEWIS MYERS was born in Philadelphia and is thirty-four years old. Appointed to the police force by Mayor Smith in October, 1886. FRANK HENRY was born in Philadelphia and is thirty-nine years old. He served two years and four months in the U. S. Army, and was appointed to the police force by Mayor Smith in September, 1886. WILLIAM COLLINS was born in Scotland and is thirty-eight years old. He was appointed to the police force by Mayor Smith in October, 1886. THOMAS E. GARDNER was born in Philadelphia and is twenty-eight years old. Appointed to the police force by Mayor Smith in October, 1886. HENRY PALMER was born in Philadelphia and is thirty-nine years old. He served two years in the U. S. Army. He was ap- pointed to the police force by Mayor Smith in December, 1884. PAST AND PRESENT. ^^Q CHAPTER XVIII. The Body of the Fokce — {Continued'). SEVENTH, EIGHTH AND NINTH DISTRICTS. — LIEUTENANT SMITH. — SERGEANTS VINCENT, PEMBERTON, BROWN AND PAINTER.— RECORDS OF THE MEN. — PECULIARITY OF THE EIGHTH DISTRICT. — PLUCKY LIEUTENANT GEORGE W. SMITH. — SERGEANTS HYNSON, LEUTWINE, FULMER ANDGOODHART. — SPECIAL OFFICERS HOFFMAN AND KEATON. — RECORDS OF THE MEN.— LIEUTENANT GREEN AND HIS DISTRICT. — SERGEANT SHILLING, MOORE, SHAFFER AND SMITH. — SPECIAL OFFICERS HUMPHRIES AND RICHARDS. — OFFICER WILHELM'S UNREQUITED SERVICE. THE SEVENTH DISTRICT. WILLIAM L. SMITH, lieutenant of the Seventh District, was born in Philadelphia February 26, 1838. He was educated in the public schools of the city, and afterwards learned the trade of a lithographer. He was appointed to a position in the engineers' department of the U. S. Mint, at Philadelphia, where he was em- ployed when General Lee raided into Pennsylvania in 1863. Mr. Smith then joined Captain William B. Mann's Independent Com- pany and served during the emergency. When John G. Butler was elected clerk of the Court of Quarter Sessions, Mr. Smith accepted a clerkship in the office, which he held until he became connected with the police department. He was first ajjpointed lieutenant of police by Mayor Stokley January i, 1872. He served two years and then resigned. Mayor Smith reappointed him January 5, 1886. The Seventh District Station-House is located at No. 514 St. John Street. The district extends from the north side of Vine Street to the south side of Poplar, and from the east side of :-'i.\th Street to the Delaware River. The Philadelphia and Reading 440 THE PHILADELPHIA POLICE, Railroad's freight and coal depots at Noble Street, John F. Betz & Sons' brewery, Fifth and Callowhill streets, the Consolidated National Bank and the National Bank of the Northern Liberties are within the limits of this district. Sergeant DANIEL VINCENT was born in Philadelphia on February 15, 1850. He entered the department under Mayor Stokley on January i, 1872. On April 12, 1872, he arrested Silas Waxford, who was sent to the Eastern Penitentiary for eighteen months for forgery ; on May 8, 1875, Charles Spurie, for house- breaking, and on February 28, 1877, Andrew Haeble for larceny. Sergeant JOHN A. PEMBERTON was born in Philadelphia on December 18, 1850. He entered the department under Mayor Stokley April 2, 1873, as patrolman; resigned November 3, 1874 ; was reappointed on May 4, 1876, and was promoted to sergeant by Maj'or Smith on May i, 1884. He arrested on Au- gust 23, 1876, James Brooks, a diamond thief, for the theft of a diamond pin valued at $1700; on April 16, 1877, John C. Smith for larceny; October 12, Gustavus Haney for burglary, and on December 21, 1877, he captured Charles Martin, a safe-blower, in the act of blowing open the safe of French, Richards & Co. House-Sergeant HARRY C. BROWN was born in Philadel- phia on March 16, 1847. He entered the department under Mayor Stokley on March 28, 1876. House-Sergeant HARRY PAINTER was born in Philadelphia October 1, 1854. He was appointed by Mayor King on March i, 1882. THOMAS B. WHITEMAN, special officer, was born in Phil- adelphia on July 15, 1844. He was appointed on the force on January i, 1872, by Mayor Stokley, and was detailed to duty as special officer, and during his fifteen years of service he has made a number of arrests, of which the following are the most impor- tant : On July 25, 1875, Michael Hill and Samuel Brown, pick- pockets ; June 3, 1875, Charles Smith, highway robber; August 25, 1877, James and Charles Gallagher, burglars; October 27, 1877, Charles Miller, passing counterfeit money ; February 25, 1882, Teresa Matthews, pickpocket ; May 5, 1882, James Miller and Henry Corr, horse thieves ; May 19, 1882, Benjamin Hawley, larceny of ahorse and buggy ; July 13, 1882, Israel Solomon, house robbery; July 18, 1882, John Holmes, negro house-breaker; No- vember 16, 1882, Thomas Gardner and Charles and Edward WILLIAM L. SMITH, Lieuten;uit of the Seventh District. PAST AND PRESENT. 443 Jacques, store robbery and burglary; September 1, 1884, Fred- erick Strong, passer of counterfeit money ; September 15, 1884, Pete Burns, alias Brown, and William Robinson, alias Murray, highway robbers ; March 10, 1885, J. W. Corr, forger ; April 3, 1885, Henry Fry, and " Dutch Fred," burglars ; October i, 1885, Joseph R. Truitt, negro forger; January 30, 1886, Herman Schieber, alias Richards, and Herman Hamel, alias Dunn, house- breakers; February 11, 1886, William Kellar, burglary; February 12, Hugh McMahon, arson and conspiracy, and many others, each of whom were convicted and sentenced to terms ranging from one to ten years, according to the gravity of their offences. CHARLES EDWARDS, special officer, was born in Philadel- phia on June 27, 1850. He was appointed by Mayor Stokley in 1873, and was detailed as special officer. He worked with Officer Whiteman and assisted in many of the arrests accredited to that officer. Among the important arrests which he has made are the following : On March 26, 1881, William White, an old offender, for passing counterfeit money ; July 26, 1882, Charles Nichols and Au- gust Kraemer, boys, for setting fire to the warehouse of Campbell & Harris, at Beach and Brown streets, when jS8o,ooo worth of prop- erty was destroyed ; August 13, 1882, Albert Harrison, for stab- bing his son ; October 2, John Warner and Tillie Shaffer, store robbers ; February 6, 1883, Michael Comber, alias " Jingles," highway robber; December 20, 1883, Herman Bohnke, alias Harry Brown, Joseph Good and Joseph Adel, masked burglars, who had been operating in Montgomery County ; and March 6, 1884, Charles Konstandine and William E. Lutz, for complicity in the same burglaries; July 20, 1884, John McCarthy, a watch thief ; November 28, 1884, fur thief ; April 3, 1885, Henry Fry, a professional burglar ; July 30, 1885, William, alias " Bum " Hor- ney, highway robber ; August 16, 1885, Max Harris, alias Jacobs, a bogus special officer; September 21, 1885, Frank, alias " Soapy " Donahue, a highway robber, and many others, all of whom were convicted and received sentences varying from one to five years. In some of these arrests Officer Edwards acted in con- junction with Officer Whiteman. THOMAS MAGEE was born in Philadelphia on December 25, 1840. He was appointed by Mayor King on November i, 1881. JOHN A. JOHNSON was born in Philadelphia on Septem ber 9, 1830. He was appointed by Mayor Henry, May 11, i860. 444 THE PHILADELPHIA POLICE, and after serving nine years resigned. Mayor Smith reappointed him in May, 1884. JOSEPH V. CLAWGES was born in Philadelphia on October 29, 1830. He was appointed by Mayor King in November, t88i. WILLIAM MOSER was born in Philadelphia on December II, 1850. He entered the department under Mayor Stokley in May, 1876. GEORGE MAIS was born in Hazleton, Pa., on May 22, 1853. He entered the department under Mayor Stokley on March 5, 1879. JOHN ROBB was born in Philadelphia on February 13, 1851. He entered the department under Mayor Smith on May 22, 1884. JACOB W. YOUNG was born in Baden, Germany, on July 27, 1846. He was appointed by Mayor Fox on January i, 1871. He arrested, on August 9, 1875, Samuel Wilson and William Jones, highway robbers ; and on May 5, 1876, John Francis and William Brady, burglars. ABRAHAM DEAL was born in Philadelphia on April 24, 1842. He was appointed by Mayor Stokley on August 2, 1872. JAMES C. FINCH was born in Philadelphia on June 27, 1842. He entered the department under Mayor Stokley in 1877. CHARLES W. STEEL was born in Philadelphia on May 11, 1840. He was appointed by Mayor King on March 11, 1883. WILLIAM ALLBRIGHT was bom in Philadelphia on April 5, 1840. He entered the department in" 1872, under Mayor Stokley. EDWARD PEACOCK was born in Philadelphia on March 9, 1852. He entered the department under Mayor Smith in 1885. WILLIAM COFFIN was born in Philadelphia on Feb. 27, 1834. He entered the department in 1866, under Mayor McMichael. LEWIS HERWIG was born in Philadelphia on October 16, 1855. He was appointed by Mayor Stokley on December 24, 1879. JOSEPH MAUCHER was born in Philadelphia on August 10, 1856. He entered the department under Mayor Stokley in 1879. On March 27, 1885; he arrested James Cook, for forgery. FRANK CARROLL was born in Washington, D. C, on Jan- uary 14, 1858. He was appointed by Mayor Smith in 1884. DANIEL BASTIAN was born in France, August 20, 1843. He was appointed by Mayor Stokley in 1876. He resigned after- wards and was out of the department until Mayor Smith reap- pointed him in 1884. BERNARD LYNN was born in Philadelphia on March 16, PAST AND PRESENT. 445 1853. He was appointed by Mayor Smith on May 11, 1884. On September 21, 1885, he arrested Frank Donohue for highway rob- bery, and on February 21, 1885, Stephen Muldoon, for robbery. ELIJAH DURHAM was born in Philadelphia on May 7, 1851. He entered the department under Mayor Smith on May 22, 1884. On January 3, 1885, he captured Frank Feiss, boarding- house thief, and had him sent to the penitentiary for fifteen months. LEWIS BUCK was born in Philadelphia on August 18, 1836. He entered the department under Mayor King in 1883. JOHN ARBUCKLE w.is born in Philadelphia on Decem- ber 5, 1859. He was appointed May 14, 1872, by Mayor Stokley. LOUIS BOXBURGER was born in Philadelphia on April 29, 1855. He was appointed by Mayor Smith in 1885. EDWARD AHERN was born in Philadelphia March ^, 1857. He entered the department under Ma3-or Smith May 21, 1884. JEREMIAH MAHONEY was born in Philadelphia on June 20, 1845. ^^ ^^'^^ appointed by Mayor Smith on May 21, 1884. WILLIAM HIMEBACK was born in Philadelphia on Septem- ber 2, 1852. He was appointed by Mayor Stokley on November 18, 1874. He arrested on December 31, 1877, William Wallace, a burglar, and on September 28, 1878, William McCIoskey and George Morris, house robbers. EDWARD STINE wns bom in Philadelphia on September 4, 1851. He was appointed by Mayor Stokley on February 28, 1878. He arrested on March 27, 1878, Edward Myers, for false pretence; February 28, 1882, James Rodgers, highway robber; October 28, 1854, John Bulger, for passing counterfeit money. THOMAS PEARCY was born in Nottingham, England, March 4, 1832. He was appointed by Mayor Stokley on May 8, 1876. ANGUST FISS was born in Philadelphia on October 11, 1837. He was appointed by Mayor Stokley in April, 1878. CHARLES SNYDER was born in Philadelphia on August i, 1853. He was appointed by Mayor Stokley February 15, 1880. EDWIN OGLE was born in Philadelphia on October 30, 1850. He was appointed by Mayor Stokley in 1875. He arrested, on March 23, 1877, John Agner, a burglar; and on April 14, 1882, he arrested Edward Lee for larceny. THOMAS J. BARRY was born in Philadelphia on August 10, 1853. Mayor Smith appointed him in 1884. On April 9, 1886, he arrested James Jones, a bogus check swindler. 446 THE PHILADELPHIA POLICE, FRANK PHILLIPS was born in Philadelphia on August 19, 1859. Mayor Smith appointed him on May 22, 1884. CHARLES LA TURNEAU was born in Philadelphia on April 3, 1829. He was appointed by Mayor Henry on March 14, 1861. GOTTLIEB WAGNER was born in Germany August 7, 1848. He entered the department under Mayor Smith on March 18, 1884. ELLSWORTH ADAMS was born in New Jersey June 20, i860. He entered the department under Mayor Smith on Jan. 9, 1886. CHARLES HUNT was born in Philadelphia on October 10, i860. He was appointed by Mayor Smith on February 12, 1886. FRANK WEIBLE was born in Germany July 10, 1840; ap- pointed to the police force October 3, 1886, by Mayor Smith. JOHN HAUSEMANN was born January 8, 1852. He was appointed by Mayor Smith November 6, 1886. J. G. WRAY was born in Philadelphia on September , 26, x8si. He was appointed to the police force by Mayor Smith on September 10, 1886. JEREMIAH C. CALLAWAY, turnkey, was born in Virginia on June 13, 1851. He was appointed turnkey by Mayor Stokley in 1876. SUBSTITUTE PATKOLMEN. ADAM AMBRON was born in Philadelphia on October 30, i860. He was appointed a substitute patrolman by Mayor Smith on September 17, 1886. AMOS A. ENGLE was born in Philadelphia on March 5, 1847. He was appointed by Mayor Smith on October 6, 1886. JAMES H. HUSTED was born in Pennsville, N. J., in 1845. He was appointed by Mayor Smith on December 4, 1886. THOMAS McCREEDY was born on February 19, 1856. He was appointed by Mayor Smith on October 6, 1886. WILLIAM KAGLE was bom i Philadelphia on May 5, 1834. He was appointed by Mayor Smith r>n March 8, 1886. THE EIGHTIT DISTRICT. The Eighth Police District has the distinction of being purely Philadelphian, every man connected with it, both officers and pa- trolmen, having been born in tl-e City of Brotherly Love. CiEORGE AV. SMITH, Lieutenant pointed to the police force by Mayor Stokley, August 4, 1879. PHILIP LOGAN was born September 3, 1846. Appointed to the police force May 20, 1884, by Mayor Smith. WILLIAM COPPES was born February 2, 1839. Appointed to the police force September i, 1880, by Mayor Stokley. GEORGE W. MORRIS was born December 27, 1853. Ap- pointed to the police force November 12, 1879, by Mayor Stokley. JOHN CROW was born August lo, 1851. Appointed to the police force by Mayor Smith May 20, 1884. E. C. LEWIS was born on March i, 1842. Appointed to the police force by Mayor Stokley on November 21, 1872, and served three years. Was reappointed to the force by Mayor Smith on November 20, 1884. GEORGE T. SNYDER was born September 27, 1848. Ap- pointed to the police force by Mayor Stokley, February 20, 1878. JOHN F. PETERSON was born April 16, 1840. Appointed to the police force by Mayor Stokley April i, 1874. DAVID STEELE was born May 11, 1841. Appointed to the police force by Mayor Stokley October 16, 1877. ANDREW WALLACE was born April 23, 1836. Appointed to the police force by Mayor Stokley May 10, 1876. GEORGE FOSTER was born June 11, 1848. Appointed to the police force by Mayor Stokley May i, 1873, and served one year and three months. He was reappointed to the force June 24, 1880, by the same Mayor. RALPH BRYAN was born March 10, 1842. Appointed to the police force by Mayor Stokley July 21, 1872. JOHN ROTHERMEL was born September 19, 185 1. Ap- pointed to the police force by Mayor Stokley November 15, 1877. ROBERT MOFFIT was born April 12, 1841. Appointed to the police force by Mayor Stokley April 3, 1878. GEORGE W. W. SOUDER was born December 9, 1854. Ap- pointed to the police force August 29, 188 1, by Mayor King. 464 THE PHILADELPHIA POLICE, HENRY CLAYTON was born February 23, 1840. Appointed to the police force February 9, 1879, by Mayor Slokley. JAMES L. THORNE was born August 24, 1833. Appointed to the police force May 10, 1876, by Mayor Stokley. • WILLIAM C. HAMILTON was born July 12, 1852. Ap- pointed to the police force August 12, 1880, by Mayor Stokley. JOHN L. WILHELM, who died January i, 1887, was born January 29, 1831. He was appointed to the police force by Mayor Conrad in September, 1854, under whom he served two years ; under Mayor Henry four years ; Mayor Stokley six years ; Mayor King three years, and under the present administration until his death. Had this veteran officer lived until April i, his family would have received the benefit of the Police Pension Fund. No stronger example could be named for the need of such a fund than the record of a life devoted to the public ser- vice, and finding at its end no provision made for those dependent upon it for a livelihood. WITTINGTON DURHAM was born September 20, 1841. Appointed to the police force December 10, 1873, by Mayor Stokley. JOHN McKENNA was born May 15, 1850. Appointed to the police force by Mayor Smith June 28, 1884. JAMES DONNELLY was born May i, 1834. Appointed to the police force by Mayor Stokley March 6, 1881. EDWARD AUBLE was born September 4, 1838. Appointed to the police force by Mayor Stokley June 16, 1872. WILLIAM McCORKELL was born June 12, 1843. Appointed to the police force by Mayor McMichael in September, 1866, and served two years. He was reappointed to the force by Mayor Stokley January i, 1872, and served six years. Reappointed by Mayor Smith January 16, 1886. JOHN ROONEY was born May 3, 1838. Appointed to the police force April 3, 1869, by Mayor Fox. WILLIAM J. IRWIN was born September 6, 1846. Appointed to the police force November 8, 1874, by Mayor Slokley. JAMES BALL was born August 28, 1846. Appointed to the police force November 12, 1876, by Mayor Stokley. WILLIAM ASHMAN was born September 14, 1857. Ap- pointed to the police force by Mayor Smith January 27, 1885. PAST AND PRESENT. 465 WILLIAM H. HAMILTON was born August 14, 1844. Ap- pointed to the police force January 28, 1872, by Mayor Stokley. Patrolman Hamilton arrested, in 1872, James Mcllhenny for as- sault with intent to kill : sentenced to five years in the peniten- tiary ; September 11, 1873, John Laws, for larceny of a watch: sentenced to two years in the penitentiary; October 13, 1873 George McLaughlin, for the larceny of a watch ; June 14, 1876, William Green, for horse stealing, and August 16, 1876, John 3;arr, for larceny. ROBERT ORR was born February i, 1841. Appointed to the police force June i, 1872, by Mayor btokley. JACOB WOBENSMITH was born September 13, 1856. Ap- pointed to the police force by Mayor Smith May 20, 1884. JOHN TONER was born November 10, 1858. Appointed to the police force May 10, 1885, by Mayor Smith. ALEXANDER AIKEN was born April i, 1849. Appointed to the police force May 10, 1876, by Mayor Stokley. OSCAR ALLISON was born February 25, 1848. Appointed to the police force August 14, 1883, by Mayor King. CHARLES HUGHES was born October 15, 1854. Appointed to the police force February 12, 1886, by Mayor Smith. H. H. COURTNEY was born June 27, 1847. Appointed to the police force by Mayor Smith, May 6, 1886. WILLIAM H. GREEN was born August 16, 1847. Appointed to the police force by Mayor Smith May 10, 1886. WILLIAM F. SNODGRASS was born October 10, 1849. Ap pointed to the police force by Mayor Smith January 16, 1886. HARRY SPIRTZEL was born in Thiladelphia December 24, 1856. Appointed to the police force April 30, 1882, by Mayor King. JOHN MALCOMSON was appointed to the police force by Mayor Smith on January 18, 1887. THOMAS PATTERSON, turnkey, was born November 26, 1849. Appointed by Mayor Smith May 28, 1884. SUBSTITUTE PATROLMEN. THADEUS H. BRADY was born in Philadelphia and is forty- six years old. Appointed to the police force in July, 1872, by Mayor Stokley. Served two years and resigned. Reappointed 30 ^66 THE PHILADELPHIA POLICE, May 20, 1884, and again resigned May i, 1885. Reappointed by Mayor Smith February 19, 1886. E. H. GOVENS was born September 14, 1856. Appointed to the police force by Mayor Smith May 10, 1886. T. H. WATTERMAN was born January 11, 1854. Appointed to the police force May 10, 1886, by Mayor Smith. WILLIAM PELHAM was born in Philadelphia March 16, 1851. Appointed to the police force September 18, 1886, by Mayor Smith. JOSEPH RALSTON was born in Philadelphia Maith 11, 1851. Appointed to the police force December 14, 1886, by Mayor Smith. HENRY STRATTON was born in Philadelphia April 18, 1864. Appointed to the police force December 22, 1886, by Mayor Smith. PAST AND PKESENT. 467 CHAPtER XIX. The Body of the Force — {Coniinued). TENTH, ELEVENTH AND TWELFTH DISTRICTS, AND THE SUB-STATIONS.— LIEUTENANT BEALE RAIDS THE GREAT COCKING MAIN.— SERGEANTS MCCLAIN, STECK, DOUGH- ERTY AND COOPER.— RECORDS OF THE MEN.— LIEU- TENANT wood's GREAT MANUFACTURING DISTRICT.— SERGEANTS MURRAY, GILBERT, WILSON AND LINTHl CUM. — SPECIAL OFFICER KENNEY'S MISHAPS IN THE SERVICE. — RECORDS OF THE MEN. — LIEUTENANT KIM- BLE'S IMPORTANT ARRESTS. — SERGEANT BRODE's THIRTY-FIVE YEARS' SERVICE. — SERGEANT JEFFRIES FOUR BULLET WOUNDS. — SERGEANTS DEPERVEN AND ASHTON.— SPECIAL OFFICER EHRMAN. — RECORDS OF THE MEN. — SY.STEM AND LOCATION OF SUB-STATIONS. THE TENTH DISTRICT. CHARLES E. BEALE, lieutenant of the Tenth Police Dis- trict, was born in Philadelphia January 5, 1838. He attended the Mount Vernon school, on Catherine Street above Third, until his thirteenth year, when he went to work as an errand boy. At the age of sixteen he went on a- whaling voyage, being absent three years, and then shipped on a merchant vessel plying between Philadelphia and the West Indies. When twenty-one years old he forsook the water and turned his hand to farming in New Jersey. At the first call for volunteers for three months' service^ at the outbreak of the war, Mr. Beale enlisted in the old National Guards Regiment, the Nineteenth Pennsylvania Volunteers, as a private. He was mustered out of service in 1861, and engaged in the milk business until 1863, when, on March 11, he was appointed on the police force as a substitute by Mayor Henry. April I, 1863, he was made a regular officer. At the time Vol- ^68 '111'- THILADELPHIA POLICE, unteers were called out for emergency service, when the State was threatened, Officer Beale was the first man to volunteer in the Henry Guards, at the Tenth Police District Stalion-House.' The commander. Captain Spear, was then lieutenant of that district. After being mustered out of the emergency service, he continued on the police force. April 15, 1867, Patrolman Beale was promoted to sergeant. He served under mayors Henry and McMichael and Mayor Fox until May, 1869, when he re- signed to accept the position of Deputy U. S. Marshal. In 1870, he was appointed bailiff in the United Stales Court, which post he held uniii 1872. Upon Mayor Stokley's inauguration, January i, 1872, he ten- dered to Beale the lieutenancy of the Tenth Police District, which he accepted, and has filled the position since, serving through the administration of mayois Stokley, King and Smith, to the pres- ent time. Lieutenant Beale has made, during his connection with the police department, one hundred and twenty-nine arrests for larceny, robbery, and burglary. On February 8, 1872, he planned and executed a raid of the largest cocking main ever known to have been fought in the United States, at Mullins' place, No. 310 Master Street. He captured one hundred and twenty-six prisoners, who were present at the cock-fight, seventy-three of whom were fined and committed. The others were discharged on the ground that they were in the bar-room connected with the place, and when the descent was made by the officers were not witnessing the fight. The arrests were made by Lieutenant Beale and thirty-seven offi- cers. Twenty-seven men were used to guard the prisoners, while ten others carried squads of them to the station-house. In Feb- ruary and March, 1886, he, with Captain Quirk and detectives Bond and Donaghy, arrested a gang of notorious burglars, known as the Tate and Wilson gang. Sam Tate was a safe-blower ; John Clayton, alias Charles Wilson, Christopher Chopaz, alias " Dutch Gus," of the crowd were sentenced to eight and ten years' imprisonment respectively ; Matthew Conner, the receiver of the stolen goods, to three years, and Sam Tate and Henry O'Don- nell to two years each. Mayor Smith sent a letter to Lieutenant Beale and the other officers connected with him in these cap- tures, complimenting them highly for the arrests. Lieutenant Beale's connection with the police department has extended over twenty-one years. The Tenth District Station-House is located CHARLES E. BEALE. Lieutenant of the Tentli District. PAST AND PRESENT. ^-j on the east side of Front Slieet above Master. The district com- prises the Sixteenth and Seventeenth wards, and is bounded on the south by Poplar Street, north by Oxford, west by Sixth Street and on the east by Franlf tlie Eleventli District. PAST AND PRESENT. 481 of the Reading Railroad on the Delaware River are also in the Eleventh District. Sergeant WILLIAM MURRAY was born in Edinburgh, Scot- land, July 10, 1829. By trade he is a plumber. He served one year in the U. S. Navy as fireman. He was first appointed to the police force as a patrolman by Mayor Henry, June 11, 1858, and has served a quarter of a century on the force as patrolman, sergeant and lieutenant. His present position is sergeant of the Eleventh District. Sergeant GEORGE W. GILBERT was born in Philadelphia January 22, 1845. ^^ enlisted in Company D, 214th Regiment Pennsylvania Volunteers, March 20, 1865, as a private, and was discharged a corporal September 7, 1865, for disability incurred in the service. He was appointed to the police force by Mayor Stokley March 20, 1876, and promoted to sergeant March 10, 1881. House-Sergeant LORENZO F. WILSON was born in Millville, N. J., January 4, 1838, and learned telegraphy as a business. He served in the 88th Regiment Pennsylvania Volunteers as color corporal, having enlisted August 29, i85i. He lost a leg at the battle of Antietam. He was discharged November 30, 1862, and appointed police telegraph operator December i, 1873, by Super- intendent W. J, Philips. He has been house-sergeant at the Eleventh District over thirteen years. House-Sergeant JOSEPH LINTHICUM was born at Bridge- ton, New Jersey, February 28, 1842. He was appointed house-ser- geant of the Eleventh District by Mayor Smith October 22, 1886. CHARLES C. KENNEY, special officer of the Eleventh Dis- trict, was born in Philadelphia April 25, 1849. Appointed to the police force as patrolman by Mayor Stokley May 8, 1876. He was detailed as special officer by Mayor Smith May 9, 1884. On Octo- ber 29, 1879, Patrolman Kenney had both arms and his nose broken while making an arrest, and on February 25, 1885, dur- ing the carpet weavers' strike, he suffered further injury in the discharge of his duty by the breaking of the sinews of his right leg. July 27, 1881, he arrested Edward Dossell, alias Dorsey, for horse stealing : sentenced to two years in the Eastern Peniten- tiary. December 20, 1882, arrested George, alias " Sloppy " Hoff- man, and George Martin for burglary: sentenced to eighteen months' imprisonment each. September 30, 1885, he arrested Charles Blade for larceny ; John Burdy and Ida Buchanan for 3» 4.82 THE PHILADELPHIA POLICE, conspiracy and drugging a girl ; October i8, 1874, William Mur- ray and Peter O'Rourke for forgery, and the larceny of $600, which Officer Kenney recovered ; November 29, 1884, William Arbuckle for robbery ; December 19, 1884, George Steelman for highway robbery ; December 15, 1884, John Maguire for breaking and en. tering ; May 9, 1885, Charles B. Hoffner, for the larceny of fifty watches ; May 8, 1885, William Tees, for larcffeny ; July 3, 1885, Thomas McNally and Robert Dougherty for robbery, all of whom were convicted of the crimes with which they were charged and received various sentences of imprisonment. Officer Kenney has also recovered and restored to the owners over $2000 worth of stolen property. JOHN LUFFBARRY was born in Philadelphia July 5, 1848. Appointed to the police force August 18, 1S73, by Mayor Stokley. GEORGE M. BEIDERMAN was born in Philadelphia January 16, 1855. Appointed to the police force June 6, 1884, by Mayor Smith. ANANIAS GARTON was born in Cumberland County, New- Jersey, in 1845. Appointed to the police force June 6, 1884, by Mayor Smith. SAMUEL J. PRICE was born in Philadelphia March 19, 1839. He served in the army two years and one month, and was wounded in the left hand at Munson's Hill. He was taken prisoner at the battle of Ball's Bluff, and was four months in Libby PrLson. His rank was orderly sergeant. Appointed to the police force by Mayor Stokley January i, 1872. JOHN W. HARMER was born in Pennsylvania December 21, 1825. Was first appointed to the police force by Mayor Henry June 12, 1858, and reappointed by Mayor Stokley April 22, 1872. His term of service is nearly twenty-seven years. JOSEPH H. BRADSHAW was born in Philadelphia September 26, 1827. He served in the U. S. Navy four years. Appointed to the police force January i, 1872, by Mayor Stokley. JOSEPH STROCKBINE was born in Philadelphia February 26, 1850. Appointed to the police by Mayor Stokley May 7, 1879. In October, 1881, he arrested Conrad Heck, who attempted to kill his wife. Heck was sentenced to seven years in the Eastern Pen- itentiary. JOHN CROSSETT was born in Ireland September 18, 1835. Appointed to the police force by Mayor Stokley October 2, 1872. PAST AND PRESENT. 483 THOMAS R. JONES \\tis bom in Wales August u, 1848. Appointed to the police force July 16, 1881, by Mayor King. He arrested, December 15, 1884, John Maguire for burglary, and on August 25, 1885, William, alias "Stump" Malone, for stabbing John O'Donnell. Both these men were sentenced to terms of im- prisonment. ISAAC HAMMITT was born in Philadelphia October 19, 1822. First appointed to the police force by Mayor Conrad June 3, 1854. Under diflEerent administrations he has been an officer about eighteen years. JOHN H. CLUNN was born in Philadelphia August 6, 1849. Appointed to the police force by Mayor Smith June 3, 1884. GEORGE W. TYSON was born in Philadelphia October 20, 1819. A veteran officer, who was appointed to the police force March i, 1854, by Mayor Conrad. GEORGE W. ABEL was born in Philadelphia September 6, 1843. Appointed to the police force May 20, 1874, by Mayor Stokley. CHARLES W. UHL was born in Germany October 11, 1844. Enlisted in Company A, ii8th Regiment Pennsylvania Volunteers, July 7, 1862. Discharged June 6, 1865. Was wounded in the battle of the Wilderness May 5, 1864, being shot through the left leg. Appointed to the police force June 3, 1874, by Mayor Stok- ley. JOHN HARRPJN was born in Philadelphia August 19, 1844. Appointed to the police force May 8, 1876, by Mayor Stokle)'. GEORGE JACKSON was born in Philadelphia February 17, 1844. Enlisted as a private, February 11, 1862, in Co. A, 98th Regiment Pennsylvania Volunteers, and was discharged, a ser- geant, July 6, 1865. Appointed to the police force June 11, 1872, by Mayor Stokley. WILLIAM J. HOWELL was born in Louisville, Kentucky, October 13, 1852. Appointed to the police force by Mayor Stokley April 16, 1878. JOHN W. WOOD was born in Philadelphia July 3, 1844. He enlisted in i92d Regiment Pennsylvania Volunteers June 10, 1864, and was discharged at the end of the war. Appointed to the police force October 12, 1877, by Mayor Stokley. JOHN H. PIDGEON was born in Gloucester County, New Jersey, April 13, 1844. Enlisted, June 19, i86i, in Co. C, Second 484 THE PHILADELPHIA POLICE, Regiment Delaware Volunteers, for three years. Was taken pris- oner at Cold Harbor, Virginia, June 3, 1864. Was discharged March 25, 1865. Appointed to the police force May 2, 1876, by Mayor Stokley. THOMAS McLEES was born in Boston, Mass., in the year 1838. Enlisted in the U. S. Navy, February 12, 1861, and was discharged in July, 1867. Appointed to the police force by Mayor Stokley January i, 1872. JOHN BALDWIN was born in Philadelphia December 28, 1838. Appointed to the police force by Mayor Stokley Feb- ruary 24, 1879. CONRAD LUTZ was born in Philadelphia July 31, 1842. Shipped in the U. S. Navy October 24, 1861, and was discharged November 24, 1864. Appointed to the police force by Mayor Stokley May 2, 1876. ROBERT G. CITHCART was born in Ireland October 12, 1843. Appointed to the police force by Mayor Stokley June 14, 1874. PETER D. JONES was born in Philadelphia January 16, 1840. Appointed to the police force by Mayor Stokley, September i, 1874. DALLAS MYERS was born in Philadelphia June i, 1844. Served in the U. S. Army three years and seven months as a pri- vate. Appointed to the police force by Mayor Stokley August 3, 1878. JOHN A. WHITSON was born in Philadelphia October 6, 1848. Appointed to the police force by Mayor Stokley May i, 1876. SAMUEL JONES was born in Philadelphia July 6, 1854. Appointed to the police force by Mayor Stokley February 24, 1879. CHARLES E. BENNETT was born in Philadelphia. He was appointed to the police force by Mayor Stokley December 7, 1879. GEORGE E. EAKINS was born in Philadelphia May 22, 1853. Appointed to the police force October 12, 1877, by Mayor Stokley. JACOB CARVER was born in Philadelphia August 13, 1846. Appointed to the police force by Mayor Smith June 3, 1884. CHARLES A. CRESS was born in Philadelphia June 4, 1851. Appointed to the police force by Mayor Stokley October 5, 1874. He on May 6, 1878, arrested George Bazil, for manslaughter ; June PAST AND PRESENT. 485 12, 1881, William Creeby and William Malone, alias "Stumps," for highway robbery, who were convicted and sentenced to the Eastern Penitentiary. CHARLES T. NORRIS was born in Baltimore, Maryland, July3i, 1841. Enlisted in the 12th Regiment New Jersey Vol- unteers as a private, August 4, 1862, and served two ye:us and nine months. Appointed to the police force by Mayor Stokley, January i, 1875. JOHN CAHILL was born in Philadelphia July 4, 1840. En- listed, July I, 1863, in Co. C, 591I1 Regiment Pennsylvania Vol- unteers, and was discharged September 9, 1863. Appointed to the police force by Mayor Smith June 8, 1884. CHRISTIAN KLEINGUENTHER, Jr., was born in Phila- delphia March 10, 1854. Appointed to the police force by Mayor Smith June 3, 1884. JAMES CURRY was born in Ireland August 23, 1837. Ap- pointed to the police force by Mayor McMichael May 5, 1867. During his service he has saved three men from drowning ; two of them at Shackamaxon Street wharf, and one at Ridgeway Park wharf. Arrested Devine and his accomplice for highway robbery, who were convicted and sentenced to three years in the Eastern Penitentiary, and also arrested Mackin and Tomlinson, river pirates, who were sent to prison. ROBERT GRAHAM was born in Philadelphia May 19, 1850. Appointed to the police force by Mayor Stokley, July 29, 1872. Arrested Francis Marion, on April 14, 1875, for arson, and, August 16, 1878, Joseph Flack for homicide. EDWARD ROACH was born in Philadelphia May 12, 1848. Enlisted in Company B, 196th Regiment Pennsylvania Volunteers, July 14, 1864. Discharged, November 17, 1864. Appointed to the police force by Mayor Smith, May 10, 1884. AUGUSTUS BLACK was born in Philadelphia January 25, 1853. Appointed to the police force May 10, 1884, by Mayor Smith. WILLIAM W. JONES was born in South Wales on June 24, 1844. He was appointed to the police force by Mayor Smith on April I, 1885. THOMAS L. STAFFORD, turnkey, was born in Philadelphia November 27, 18/- Enlisted, August 8, 1861, in the io6th Regi- ment Pennsylvania Volunteers, and was discharged for disability 486 THE PHILADELPHIA POLICE, contracted in the service, March 2c3, 1863. Appointed to the police force, February 20, 1879, by Mayor Stokley. SUBSTITUTE PATROLMEN. EDWARD W. FONTAIN is forty-five years old. and was ap- pointed a substitute patrolman by Mayor Smith, January 12, 1886. THOMAS PETERSON was appointed by Mayor Smith on April II, 1886. He is thirty-eight years old. JAMES H. HASLETT was appointed by Mayor Smith on April 16, 1886. He is twenty-four years old. WILLIAM WAGNP^R, Jr., was appointed by Mayor Smith on October 4, 1886. He is twenty-eight years old. S. H. WEBB is twenty-eight years old, and was appointed by Mayor Smith on October 19, 1886. WILLIAM H. CALVERLY is thirty-one years old. He was appointed by Mayor Smith on December 20, 1886. EDGAR A. DONAVAN is twenty-eight years old. He was appointed by Mayor Smith on January 17, 1887. THE TWELFTH DISTRICT. NATHAN S. KIMBLE, lieutenant of the Twelfth District, was born at Burlington, New Jersey, December 6, 1836. He was appointed patrolman by Mayor Henry October 20, 1863, and has served continuously on the force with the exception of a part of Mayor Fox's administration. He acted as special officer for sev- eral years, was made a sergeant February 14, 1883, by Mayor King, and afterwards a lieutenant February 23, 1884, by the same Mayor. While acting as special officer he made a number of im- portant arrests, among which were Edward Lynch, convicted and sentenced to fifteen years in the Eastern Penitentiary for outrag- ing Mary Mornham at the Monument Cemetery ; John Fields, con- victed of murder and sentenced to twelve years in the Eastern Penitentiary ; William E. Dell, a notorious burglar, who received a sentence of. two years in the Eastern Penitentiary; and George Dutill, who received two years in the Eastern Penitentiary for at- tempted rape. The Twelfth District Stat ion-House is situated at the north- east corner of Tenth and Thompson streets. The Twelfth Dis- trict begins at Sixth and Poplar streets, and extends along the NATHAX S. KDIBLE. Lieutenant uf the Twelttli District. PAST AND PRESENT. 489 north side of Poplar to the east side of Broad, to the south side of Montgomery Avenue, to the east side of Eleventh Street, to the south side of Susquehanna Avenue, to the west side of Sixth Street to the place of beginning. Among the most prominent buildings in the district are the Seventh National Bank, north- west corner Seventh Street and Girard Avenue ; the Tenth Na- tional Bank, north-west corner of Comae Street and Columbia Avenue; John Sullivan's Silk Mill, south-east corner Ninth Street and Montgomery Avenue ; Samuel Thornton's Mill, south-east cor- ner Tenth Street and Columbia Avenue ; Farmers' Market, north- west corner Ninth Street and Girard Avenue, and the Globe. Market, north-west corner Tenth Street and Montgomery Avenue. Sergeant WALTER BRODE, Sr., was born in Philadelphia June 30, 1824, and learned the trade of whip-making. He was appointed to the police force by Marshal Keyser October 10, 185 1, and two years later was promoted to captain of the watch of the South Pennsylvania District, which position he held up to the Consolidation. He was appointed patrolman on the new city force by Mayor Conrad, in which capacity he served until 1858, when Mayor Henry made him a sergeant. Three months after Mayor Fox's inauguration he left the police force. Was. reap- pointed patrolman by Mayor Stokley, and promoted to sergeant in December, 1875. His term of service as patrolman extended over ten years and as sergeant over twenty-five years. Sergeant JOHN JEFFRIES was born in Philadelphia April II, 1840. He was appointed to the police force by Mayor Henry January 9, 1864. On the night of March 26, 1864, Officer Jeffries had four pistol balls fired into him by a burglar, at the cor- ner of Water and Race streets. Shortly after twelve o'clock on that night Officer Hutchinson observed a man emerge from Craven Street into Front Street, acting, as the officer thought, in a suspicious manner. Hutchinson summoned Jeffries, and the two officers met the man coming down Water Street at Race. Officer Jeffries took him into custody, while Officer Hutchinson went back to ascertain whether any place had been robbed. He had proceeded no further than Craven Street when he heard the report of a pistol from the direction of Race Street, and immediately ran back. When he reached there he found Officer Jeffries lying insensible on the sidewalk, and his late prisoner running down Race Street. He pursued the fleeing 4go THK PIIILAULLPHIA POLICE, burglar, who, when he got near Vine Street, threw off his over- coat, and was soon lost in the darkness. In the pockets of the overcoat were found a number of burglars' tools, a quantity of gunpowder and a slow-match. Officer Jeffries was found to be dangerously wounded, four balls having entered his body, three in his back and one in his shoulder. After Officer Hutchinson had left them, the burglar made an attempt to wrest himself from the grasp of Officer Jeffries, who held him by the coat collar. Finding himself unsuccessful in this he pulled a pistol and fired. It was not until after the third shot had entered Officer Jeffries' body ihut he released his hold, when he fell and the villain fired a fourth shot into him. The pistol was held in such close proximity to the officer when it was fired, that his coat was singed by the burning powder. After a long illness Officer Jeffries recovered from his wounds. The would-be murderer was never caught. Jeffries was promoted to sergeant by Mayor King February 26, 1884. House-Sergeant GEORGE W. DEPERVEN was born in Philadelphia October 26, 1845. By occupation he was a sugar manufacturer. He was appointed telegraph operator and house- sergeant by Mayor Stokley October 5, 1873. House-Sergeant FRANK R. ASHTON was born January 6, 1854. He is a painter by trade. Was appointed telegraph operator and house-sergeant by Mayor Stokley on December 8, 1874. NICHOLAS EHRMAN, special officer of the Twelfth Dis- trict, was born in Philadelphia February 9, 1843. He was ap- prenticed to the picture-frame gilder's trade, but before finishing his apprenticeship, the war coming on, he enlisted in the 21st Regiment Pennsylvania Volunteers, April 21, 1861, for three months. He was discharged August 7, and re-enlisted on the loth in the 95th Pennsylvania, for three years. Discharged November 2, 1864. Appointed to the police force February 2, 1874, by Mayor Stokley and served as a patrolman until May, 1884, when he was designated by Lieutenant Kimble as special officer. Among his important arrests were Andrew Boyce for burglary, in May, 1880; George Dutill, robbery, in August, 1883; Annie Reily and James McNally, pickpockets ; Louis Kille, assault to kill, in January, 1885 ; George Green, house robbery, in October, 1885 ; Henry Sargent and Edward Harris, burglary, in March, PAST AND PRESENT. 401 1883 ; Thomas Trumpp and William Magee, burglars, in January 1886, and Carl Meichenfelder, burglary, in March, 1886. WILLIAM H. MOSS was born in Montgomery County, Penn- sylvania, January 27, 1840. Enlisted May 29, 1861, in Co. I, 4th .Regiment Pennsylvania Volunteers, for three years. Dis- charged June 17, 18C4. Enlisted as sergeant, September 28, 1864, ill Co. L, 198th Regiment J'cnnsylvania Volunteers, for one year, and was discharged Juhe 3, 1865. Appointed to the police force August 8, 1877, by Mayor Stokley. JAMES E. MERCHANT was born in Philadelphia January 6, 1842. Served three years in the late war in Co. C, 71st Regi- ment Pennsylvania Volunteers. Appointed to the police force by Mayor Stokley October 5, 1878. CHARLES GUTGSELL was born in Philadelphia January i, 1836. Served in the army three years during the late war. Ap- pointed to the police force by Mayor Vaux March 3, 1856. SAMUEL PEARSON was born in Philadelphia December 4, 1845. Appointed to the police force by Mayor Stokley December 3> 1879- GEORGE W. RANSOM was born in Salem, New Jersey, April 5, 1843. Enlisted in Col. Small's regiment April 16, 1861. Was in the riots at Baltimore April 19. Also served in i8th and 72nd regiments Pennsylvania Volunteers, enlisting in the lat- ter for three years. He was wounded, being shot through both thighs, at the battle of Antietam, September 17, 1862. He served with the 2 1 St Veteran Reserve Corps from December, 1864, until November, 1865, as commissary and provost sergeant at Camp Cadwallader, Philadelphia. Enlisted in the 6th U. S. Infantry Regiment December 13, 1866, and served three years as sergeant. Enlisted in 5th U. S. Artillery Regiment August 22, 1870, and served five years as first sergeant. Appointed to the police force by Mayor Stokley April 3, 1876. FREDERICK ACKER was born in Philadelphia January 29, 1850. Appointed to the police force by Mayor King August 29, 1881. EDWARD GEORGE was born in Bucks County, Penn., Octo- ber I, 1843. Enlisted in the 4th Regiment Pennsylvania Volun- teers, May 29, 1861. Discharged June 17, 1864. Re-enlisted November 8, 1864, in 8th Pennsylvania Cavalry ; discharged August II, 1865. Appointed to the police force by Mayor Stok- 4Q2 THE PHILADELPHTA POLICE, ley, January i, 1872. Arrested, in 1878, Edward Lynch for an outrageous assault : sentenced to fifteen years in the penitentiary. JAMES H. NUNEMAKER was born in Franklin County, Penn., April 26, 1842. Appointed to the police force by Mayor Stokley, April 21, 1873. Served three years and three months in the army during the late war. Arrested Henry Clark, pick- pocket, Edward Donahue, for larceny, and William Stenhauer. WILLIAM D. TYSON was born in Philadelphia January 29, 1835. Served in the army during the late war. Was appointed to the police force by Mayor Stokley November 11, 1878. HENRY JUMP was born in Philadelphia February 9, 1846. Served three years in the army. Appointed to the police force by Mayor Stokley January 1, 1872. BENJAMIN F. WEATHERBY was born in Philadelphia August 7, 1848. Appointed to the police force September 6, 1877, by Mayor Stokley. CHRISTIAN SCHENCK was born in Germany, February 28, 1840. Appointed to the police force May 10, 1875, by Mayor Stokley. STEPHEN LUKENS was born in Bucks County, Penn., October 4, 1835. Appointed to the police force by Mayor Stok- ley December 15, 1875. Arrested William McGee for highway robbery, William Seltzer for burglary and assault with intent to kill and Henry Layton for horse stealing. JAMES R. TAYLOR was born in Philadelphia September 24, 1829. Appointed to the police force by Mayor Conrad Septem- ber 10, 1854, and has served, with the exception of short intervals, under all the mayors since. HENRY L. OLER was born in Philadelphia November 9, 1841. Appointed to the police force by Mayor Stokley April 4, 1876. Arrested Francis George, a New Jersey horse-thief. JOHN B. GOODWIN was born in Maine" November 23, 1823. Appointed to the police force by Mayor Henry in May, 1858. JOHN M. SCHAEFER was born in Philadelphia November 16, 1855. Appointed to the police force by Mayor Smith No- vember 22, 1885. PHILIP KALOVER was born in Philadelphia October 19, 1842. Served three years in the army during the late war. Ap- pointed to the police force by Mayor Stokley September 2, 1873. PAST AND PRESENT. 493 Made a number of arrests, among them George Hicky, for larceny, who was sentenced to two years' imprisonment. WILLIAM J. MARTIN was born in Philadelphia August 2, 1830. Enlisted October 22, 1851, for five years, in the 1st Regi- ment Mounted Rifles, and served on the Rio Grande frontier of Texas. Was in several engagements with the Indians. Dis- charged as sergeant October 22, 1856. Re-enlisted April 18, i86i, i8th Regiment Pennsylvania Volunteers; discharged in Jul)-, 1861. Re-enlisted August 22, 1861, in 95th Pennsylvania, as sergeant, for three years. Was promoted to 2d lieutenant. Di.s- charged for disability incurred in service November 3, 1863. Appointed to the police force by Mayor Henry October i, 1864. Displaced by Mayor Fox; reappointed January i, 1872, by Mayor Stokley. Arrested, February 21, 1878, John Howard, alias Daly, professional thief; June i, 1878, Fred Berger, for stabbing; March 19, 1879, Edward Baker, sneak thief; March 19, 1880, "Jimmy" Holden, pickpocket; April 29, 1880, Walter Daw, alias "Jimmy" O'Brien, for robbery, and James McDonald, re- ceiver of stolen goods ; March 28, 1882, Lizzie Jenkins, profes- sional hotel thief. CHARLPIS D. WEATHERBEE was born in Philadelphia December 3, 1849. Appointed to the police force by Mayor Stok- ley May 4, 1875. Resigned in 1878 ; reappointed September 10, 1883, by Mayor King. WILLIAM D. FUSSELBACH was born in Philadelphia July 12, 1854. Appointed to the police force by Mayor Smith, May 21, 1884. WILLIAM KNECHT was born in Philadelphia November 17, 1834. Appointed to the police force by Mayor Henry October 12, 1862. Arrested Edward B. Paul for burglary, April i, 1877. WILLIAM F. SPILLMAN was born in Philadelphia Septem- ber 21, 1832. Served three months in the Pirst Regiment Grey Reserves of Pennsylvania. Appointed to the police force by Mayor McMichael July 20, 1866. Resigned under Mayor Fox's administration ; reappointed by Mayor Stokley. HARRY RUH was born in Philadelphia April 2, 1859. Ap- pointed to the police force by Mayor Smith June 27, 1884. EDWARD GILLESPIE was born in Philadelphia March 28, 1839. Served three months in the i8th Regiment Pennsylvania Volunteers. Appointed to the police force by Mayor Henry Sep- 4^54 THE PHILADELPHIA POLICE, teniber i, 1862. Arrested Ned Dougherty for assault to kill, in January, 1866 ; one Walsh, for pocket-picking in 1867 ; September 19, 1875, Fred Hargis and James Russell, for highway robbery. FREDERICK LINDEMAN was born in Germany December 17, 1828. Appointed to the police force by Mayor Stokley Octo- ber 30, 1877. JOHN S. WARNER was born in Philadelphia January i, 1837. Appointed to the police force February i, 1878, by Mayor Stokley. Arrested John Hanson, the safe-blower. JACOB KIRCH was born in Germany September 4, 1835. Appointed to the police force by Mayor Stokley October 19, 1874. Arrested Josepli Lediie, James Malone and Richard McCormack for house robbery. JOSEPH RUTHERFORD was born in Ireland April 12, 1844. Appointed to the police force by Mayor Stokley January 9, 1871. Arrested, August 20, 1872, Michael Malone and his two sons for aggravated assault and battery on Frank Willets, a conductor on the Camden and Atlantic Railroad. G. J. FRIES was born in Germany April 23, 1842. Served three years as sergeant in the 104th Regiment Pennsylvania Vol- unteers, during the late war. Appointed to the police force by Mayor Henry January 15, 1864, and served under him and under Mayor McMichael for about two years. Reappointed by Mayor Stokley September 9, 1874. WILLIAM BARRY was born in Philadelphia July 27, 1857. Appointed to the police force by Mayor Smith September 28, 1884. ANDREW J. HALL was born in Philadelphia June 30, 1843. Appointed to the police force by Mayor Smith May 21, 1884. ELIJAH BREWER was born in Huntingdon County, New Jersey, November 17, 1846. Appointed to the police force by Mayor Smith May 22, 1884. Served in the late war in the 38th Regiment New Jersey Volunteers. GEORGE W. DAVIS was born in New York April 14, 1842. Enlisted in U. S. Marine Corps, December, 1858 ; discharged March, 1863. Enlisted in Company C, 200th Regiment Pennsyl- vania Volunteers, 9th Army Corps, as orderly sergeant, and served to the end of the war. Appointed to the police force by Mayor Stokley December 4, 1877. NATHANIEL G. REEVES was born in Philadelphia June 6, PAST AND PRESENT. 4^5 1839. Appointed to the police force September 21, 1880, by Mayor Stokley. ISAAC WRIGHT was born in Vermont in tiie year 1839. -^P' pointed to the police force by Mayor Henry April 8, 1861, and served eleven years. Reappointed by Mayor Smith October 6, 1884. MICHAEL F. DALTON was born in Philadelphia September 28, 1859. Appointed to the police force by Mayor King Septem- ber 3, 1883. SAMUEL LEFFERTS was born in Bucks County, Penn., Sep- tember 30, 1836. Appointed to the police force by Mayor Henry, March 2, 1863. HARRV C. SIMPSON was born in Philadelphia July 19, 1850. Appointed to the police force by Mayor Stokley January 6, 1878. JOHN WOOD was born in Philadelphia December 31, 1834. Served three months in the Scott Legion ; discharged and re-en- listed for three years in the 82d Regiment Pennsylvania Volun- teers. Also served five years in the 6th Regiment U. S. Cavalry. Appointed to the police force by Mayor Stokley January i, 1875. THOMAS REED was born in Philadelphia February 7, 1841. Served three years in the 72d Regiment Pennsylvania Volunteers, and one year in Co. G, 7th Regiment Hancock's Veteran Corps. Appointed to the police force by Mayor Smith May i, 1884. JAMES H. BAIRD was born in Philadelphia July 8. 1846. Enlisted in the army, June i, 1863; discharged August 1, 1865. Appointed to the police force by Mayor Stokley in February, 1872; resigned January 31, 1875 ; reappointed October 5, 1879. JUDSON BOWERS was born in New Jersey, September, 1842. Enlisted, September, 1862, in the 23d Regiment New Jersey Vol- unteers, and was wounded at the battle of Chancellorsville ; dis- charged June, 1863. Appointed to the police force by Mayor Smith January 10, 1886. GEORGE W. LAWRENCE was born in Philadelphia Decem- ber I, 1852. Appointed to the police force by Mayor Stokley May I, 1872. WILLIAM H. HOSTER was born in Philadelphia April 29, 1846. Enlisted, February 9, 1864, in the 19th Regiment Pennsyl- vania Volunteers for three years. Discharged August 12, 1865, upon the ending of the war. Appointed to the police force by Mayor Smith March 12, 1886. 496 THE PHILADELPHIA POLICE, WILLIAM P. NIPPES was born in Philadelphia June 4, 1854. Appointed to the police force by Mayoi Smith, March 25. 1886. THEODORE H. K. CONGER was born in Philadelphia on October 17, 1848. He was appointed to the police force by Mayor Smith, August 24, 1886. JACOB A. BOYER, turnkey, was born in Philadelphia August 18, 1834. Appointed 10 the police force by Mayor Stokley Feb- ruary 14, 1875. SUBSTITUTE PATROLMEN. REGINALD H. GIBSON was born in Philadelphia April 14, 1862. He was appointed a substitute patrolman by Mayor Smith on September 22, 1886. J. C. GOLDSTEIN was born in Philadelphia and was appointed a substitute patrolman on December 3, 1886, by Mayor Smith. EDWARD J. WALSH was born in Philadelphia December 2, 1859 ; he was appointed to the police force by Mayor Smith May 21, 1884, and served until November 30, 1884. He "was reap- pointed as a substitute patrolman December 3, 1886. WILLIAM O. ROURKE was born in Connecticut in 1847. Was appointed to the police force by Mayor King February i. 1882, and served until June i, 1884. He was reappointed as a substitute patrolman by Mayor Smith on November 18, 1886. MICHAEL HEMMINGER was born in Germany August 20, 1844. He enlisted in the U. S. Army in July, 1861, as a private and was discharged in 1865 as First Sergeant of Co. I, Ninety- eighth Regiment Pennsylvania Volunteers. He was a patrolman in 1874-75 by appointment of Mayor Stokley. He arrested, in the spring of 1874, Richard McCarty for burglary. He was re- appointed as a substitute patrolman by Mayor Smith. THE SUB-STATIONS. In the large outlying, suburban districts, where the population is sparse and the beats of the patrolmen long, it was found neces- sary to establish sub-stations. Sergeants and patrolmen are de- tailed to these sub-stations by Chief of Police Stewart, but the men are under the command of and report to the lieutenants of the several police districts within the bounds of which the sub- stations are located. There is a sub-station at Roxborough in the Thirteenth District ; in the Seventeenth at Point Breeze ; at I'AST AND PRESENT. 497 Chestnut Hill and Olney in the Fourteenth District ; at Tacony, Holmesburg and Bustleton in the Fifteenth District ; at Falls of Schuylkill in the Twenty-second District, and at Bridesburg and Nicetown in the Twenty-fourth District. The detail of men at these stations is not less than four nor more than eiglit nl each, exclusive of the sergeants, who also act as telegraph opera- tors. The patrol system is in operation in only one of tiie dis- tricts named, the Seventeenth, and the sub-station is two miles from the station-house. 32 498 THE raiLAUELPHIA POLICE, CHAPTER XX. The Body of the Force — {Continued^ THIRTEENTH DISTRICT, FOURTEENTH DISTRICT AND AB- DUCTION OF CHARLEY ROSS.— LIEUTENANT ALLISON'S DUTIES IN MANAYUNK. — SERGEANTS WARD, LUSH, REGER, DUNLAP, HORNBY AND LAWRENCE.— LIEUTEN- ANT BUCHANAN AND THE GERMANTOWN DISTRICT.— THE ROSS MYSTERY. — SERGEANTS CURRIER, MAXWELL, SANDERSON, NEILSON, FRALEY, ELLIOTT, WILDE AND TOMLINSON. — PATROLMAN HOUSTON AND THE WISSA- HICKON MURDER MYSTERY. — RECORDS OF THE MEN. THE THIRTEENTH DISTRICT. ALBERT C. ALLISON, lieutenant of the Thirteenth District, was born in Manayunk, Philadelphia, June 24, 1844. He en- listed in Company L, One Hundred and Ninety-second Pennsyl- vania Volunteers, July 11, 1864, and served three months. He was appointed patrolman in the Reserve squad by Mayor aStokley July 13, 1876; was promoted to sergeant of the Thirteenth Dis- trict October 28, 1878, and made lieutenant March 26, 1881. In January, 1882, he arrested Napoleon Taylor in Easton, Pennsyl- vania, for the theft of a horse in Montgomery County. Taylor was sentenced to eight years in the Montgomery County Prison. In May of the same year he arrested Thomas Bannon and George W. Rhodes for house-breaking. Both men were sentenced to the Eastern Penitentiary. On January 21, 1884, he arrested Peter Monoghan for burglary, who was sentenced to two and- a halt years in the Eastern Penitentiary. Charles Deckey and William Dwyer, notorious burglars, were arrested by him October 19, 1885. They were convicted and sentenced to two years each in the Eastern Penitentiary. The Thirteenth District Station-House is located on Station A. C. ALLISON, Lieutenant of the Thirteentli District PAST AND PRESENT. 501 Alley, between Cotton and Mechanic streets, and Main and Cresson streets, in Manayunk. The district comprises the Twenty- first Ward, and is bounded on the north by the Montgomery County line, running east from the Schuylkill River to the town- ship line ; on the east by the township line, running south from the Montgomery County line to School Lane ; on the south by School Lane, running west from the township line to the Schuyl- kill River ; on the west by the Schuylkill River running north from School Lane to the Montgomery County line. Manayunk is a suburb of Philadelphia with over 25,000 inhab- itants, and contains some of the largest manufacturing establish- ments in the city, including Schofield's Economy Mills, Fitzpat- rick & Holt's, A. Campbell & Co.'s, the Patterson Mills and numer- ous other extensive manufactories. Sergeant ROBERT H. WARD was born in Philadelphia Oc- tober 21, 1842. He has served in the U. S. Army. He was ap- pointed to the police force April 29, 1872, by Mayor Stokley. March 25, 1881, he was promoted to sergeant of the Thirteenth District. Sergeant WILLIAM H. LUSH was born in Philadelphia July 25, 1843. He has served in the U. S. Army. Appointed to the police force by Mayor Stokley March 6, 1872, and promoted to sergeant of the Thirteenth District May 2, 1884, by Mayor Smith. Sergeant LEVI S. REGER, detailed for duty to the Roxbor- ough sub-station, -.vas born in Philadelphia June 14, 1840. He has served in the U. S. Army. Appointed to the police force by Mayor Stokley June 3, 1872, and promoted to sergeant of the Thirteenth District October i, 1872. House-Sergeant LEWIS J. DUNLAP was born in Philadel- phia Novembei II, 1842. He served in the army. Appointed to the police force as a telegraph operator or house-sergeant in August, 1868, by Mayor McMichael. House-Sergeant WILLIAM H. HORNBY was born in New Castle County, Delaware, May 3, 1844. He served in the U. S. Army. Appointed to the police force January i, 1875, by Mayor Stokley and promoted to house-sergeant May i, 1884, by Mayor Smith. House-Sergeant WINFIELD S. LAWRENCE, detailed for duty at Roxborough sub-station, was born in Philadelphia March toi THE PHILADELPHIA POLICE, 23, 1853. Appointed to the police force May 6, 1876, by Mayor Stokley, and promoted to house-sergeant May 2, 1884, by Mayor Smith. House-Sergeant SAMUEL THORNTON was born in Eng- land November 3, 1841. He has served in the U. S. Army and was appointed to the police force November 19, 1873, by Mayor Stokley. Resigned March 6, 1876. Reappointed February 14, 1878, by Mayor Stokley, and promoted to house-sergeant by Mayor Smith, January i, 1887. JAMES W. KENWORTHY was born in Philadelphia Novem- ber 22, 1850. Appointed to the police force June 8, i88i, by Mayor King. ROBERT WHITESIDES was born in Scotland, August 6, 1827. Appointed to the police force February 13, 1872, by Mayor Stokley. HARRY WHITE was born in Philadelphia October 21, 1849. Has served in the U. S. Army. Appointed to the police force by Mayor Smith, January 18, 1886. GEORGE MOYER was born in Schuylkill Haven, Penn., September 7, 1841. Has served in the U. S. Army. Appointed to the police force May 3, 1884, by Mayor Smith. GEORGE GLANDING was born in Philadelphia July 10, 1856. Appointed to the police force May 22, 1886, by Mayor Smith. JOHN KLINE was born in Schuylkill Haven, Penn., January 29, 1854. Appointed to the police force June 25, 1884, by Mayor Smith. WILLIAM JONES was born in Philadelphia November 4, 1847. Has served in the U. S. Army. Appointed to the police force by Mayor Smith June 24, 1884. WILLIAM GREEN was born in Germany March i, 1841. Has served in the U. S. Army. Appointed to the police force by Mayor King April 7, 1881. ARTHUR ROBERTS was born in Massachusetts May 5, 1850. Appointed to the police force May 3, 1884, by Mayor Smith. TIMOTHY CLEGG was born in England January 23, 1838. Has served in the U. S. Army. Appointed to the police force January 1, 1872, by Mayor Stokley. CHARLES WATSON was born in Philadelphia February 5, PAST AND PRESENT. 503 1842. Has served in the U. S. Army. Appointed to the police force June 24, 1884, by Mayor Smith. HENRY SWARTLEY was born in Montgomery County, Penn., February 4, 1846. Has served in the U. S. Army. Ap- pointed to the police force by Mayor Slokley May 7, 1876. PETER METZLER was born in Philadelphia November 27, 1855. Appointed to the police force May 3, 1884, by Mayor Smith. DANIEL S. JACOBY was born in Philadelphia May 4, 1839. Appointed to the police force January i, 1872, by Mayor Stokley. JOHN UTTLEY was born in Philadelphia January 1, 1850. Appointed to the police force by Mayor Stokley May 6, 1876. HARRY F. REIBEL was born in Philadelphia May 5, 1854. Appointed to the police force January 18, 1886, by Mayor Smith. DAVID ROWLEY was born in Ireland April 8, 1832. Ap- pointed to the police force by Mayor Stokley, January i, 1872. JOHN KINDER was born in England July 21, 1854. Ap- pointed to the police force by Mayor King, March 18, 1882. JOHN B. DUNNOHEW was born in Philadelphia November 22, 1829. He served in the U. S. Army. Appointed to the po- lice force by Mayor Smith, August 14, 1886. JOHN R. HIGHLEY was born in Montgomery County, Penn., September 13, 1846. Appointed to the police force by Mayor King, September 29, 1881. CHARLES ROUSHER was born in Philadelphia June 7, 1851. Appointed to the police force by Mayor Smith May 3, 1884. JACOB R. NICE was born in Philadelphia December 16, 1847. Appointed to the police force April 4, 1878, by Mayor Stokley. AUGUSTUS PETERMAN was born in Philadelphia August 21, 1855. Appointed to the police force by Mayor Smith May 3, 1884. GEORGE PAINTER was born in Philadelphia April 22, 1853. Appointed to the police force November 7, 1878, by Mayor Stokley. BARTHOLOMEW WELSH was born in Philadelphia April 24, 1846. Has served in the U. S. Army. Appointed to the po- lice force January 16, 1883, by Mayor King. RICHARD BODKIN was born in Ireland December .18, 1857. Appointed to the police force by Mayor Smith June 24, 1884. 504 THE PHILADELPHIA POLICE, JAMES FULLERTON was born in Ireland August i8, 1841. Appointed to the police force by Mayor Smith in October, 1884. AUGUST REESE was born in Germany March 19, 1854. Appointed to the police force by Mayor Smith January 30, 1886. WILLIAM McKANE was born in Utica, New York, March 9, 1845. H^s served in the U. S. Army. Appointed to the police force by Mayor Smiih May 3, 1884. JOSEPH PONTIUS was born in Philadelphia January 28, 1 841. Has served in the U. S. Army Appointed to the police force by Mayor King in January, 1882. ALFRED A. BOWEN was born in Delaware August 19, 1842. Has served in the U. S. Army. Appointed to the police force by Mayor Slokley April 4, 1876. HENRY KINDER was born in England May 23, 1844. Ap- pointed to the police force by Mayor Stokley March i, 1880. ISRAEL S. GREENE was born in Delaware County, Penn., January 31, 1848. Appointed to the police force January i, 1875, by Mayor Stokley. SAMUEL LEVERING was born in Philadelphia March 4, 1854. Appointed to the police force by Mayor Smith January 6, 1884. DANIEL DESMOND was born in Ireland August 12, 1846. Appointed to the police force June 24, 1884, by Mayor Smith. CASPER STREIBIG was born in Germany January 6, 1843. Appointed to the police force January t, 1872, by Mayor Stokley. SAMUEL ROR'NSON was born in Montgomery County, Pa., January 14, 1857. He was appointed to the force by Mayor Smith October 19, 1886. THOMAS J. WINN was born in Philadelphia May 10, 1859. He was appointed to the force by Mayor Smith November 15, 1886. THE FOURTEENTH DISTRICT. ALEXANDER BUCHANAN, lieutenant of the Fourteenth Dis- trict, was born in St. Johnston, Ireland, May 14, 1836. He came to this country when six years old and was educated in the public schools of Germantown. He was appointed sergeant of his district by Mayor Stokley January i, 1872, who also detailed him, in 1877, to superintend the building of a new station-house. He was made lieutenant of the same district February 12, 1879. During his term ■BHM^tW^--*^^^,^?''^S^'.ei^^ ^ii^® IPPMBBRI ^^^lip^, 1 ^^^w^^^»^^ ^^i^f^ j ^H p^BHj ^Kk-j w^^Il*'* C^^'' ^R^ ^B^^z 1 pH l^^j^^^^^^^^l sl^^H alexandp:r buciianan, Lieutenant of the Fourteenth District. PAST AND PRESENT. jo^ of service he has made several arrests for burglary and house break- ing, and is an earnest and capable officer, possessing many qualities which endear him to his men. While tirm and inflexible in the dis- charge of his duty, he is uniformly kind and courteous to those with whom he comes in contact. The main station-house of the district is located on Lafayette Street, near Germantown A\ eiiuc. There are also two sub-stations, one on ffigliland .\ venue. Chestnut Hill, the other on Second Street, near Tabcr Road, at Olney, Bristol Town- ship, Twenty-second Ward. The district contains' a great many large and beautiful private residences, several large fancy knitting mills and other manufactories. It also supports an excellent alms- house for the use of the ward and district. Jt was in the Fourteenth Police District that the world-famous ab- duction case of Charley Ross occurred, and Lieutenant IJuchanan, then sergeant, was the first police official notified of the loss of the child. On Wednesday, July i, 1874, Charley Ross, aged four years and two months, the son of Christian K. Ross, a merchant living on East Washington Lane, Germantown, a suburb of Philadelphia, and within its corporate limits, was abducted from home, and has never since been found. His fate is enshrouded in mystery, but it is generally believed that he is dead. His older brother, Walter, was also taken by the abductors, who were driving a light wagon, but he was released when the child-stealers reached Kensington, a sub- urb of Philadelphia, and there found by Mr. Peacock, a friend of the family, and returned to his father. The story that Walter told of the abduction was that two men, driving on Washington Lane in a buggy, had given him and his brother Charley candy on Satur- day, June 27, Monday, June 29, Tuesday, June 30, and on Wednes- day, July I, and that Charley had asked them for a ride, and also whether they would not buy them fire-crackers, which they prom- ised to do. After driving to the top of the hill, the men turned around and took the boys into the wagon. Walter asked them to goto Main Street to get the fire-crackers. To this request the men said, " No ; we will take you to Aunt Susie's (a fictitious person), who keeps a store, and will give you a pocketful for five cents." He said Charley was placed on the seat between the men, and he sat on the knee of the one who was not driving. He also said that the men talked to them as they drove along, but said more to Charley than to him — that they did not talk much to each other. 5o8 THE PHILADELPHIA POLICE, The men gave them candy as they went along. After they had gone some distance Charley began to cry, and begged to be taken home. He was pacified by being told that they would soon be at Aunt Susie's. On reaching Palmer and Richmond streets, Walter was given twenty-five cents, and directed to a cigar store, next the corner, where fire-works were displayed in the window. He was told to get fire-crackers for himself, and torpedoes for Charley. When he reached home he had two packages of fire-crackers, one package of small torpedoes, and four cents in change in his pockets. While Walter was in the store buying* the crackers and torpedoes, the men drove off, taking Charley with them. When Walter came out he looked up and down the street, and around the corner, but could see nothing of the horse and wagon, the men, or his little brother. Finding himself deserted, he cried loudly. A crowd soon gathered around him, and one of them, Mr. Henry C. Pea- cock, brought him home. Walter's story of this part of the trans- action was confirmed by a little girl who saw the men give him the money and direct him to the cigar store. She also saw them drive up Palmer Street to the first small street, turn the corner, and disap- pear in an easterly direction before Walter returned. The boy was able to give a very good description of the abductors, of the horse they drove, and of their wagon. On the day following the abduction, search was begun for the missing boy. Mrs. Ross, who was in ill health, was at Atlantic City, and not wishing her to learn that the child was lost, Mr. Ross proceeded very cautiously in the search for his missing son. A general alarm was sent out by the police, and advertisements were inserted in the papers, offering a reward of $300 for the re- turn of the child. The poor father was nearly crazed with grief, but bravely controlled his feelings, and assisted in the search. On the morning of July 4, Mr. Ross received a letter, post-marked Philadelphia, July 3, 8. a.m. The following is a literal copy : "July 3, — Mr. Ros: be not uneasy you son charlcy bruster be all writ, we is got him and no powers on earth can deliver out of our hand, you wil hav two pay us befor you git him from us, and pay us a big cent to. if you put the cops hunting for him you is only defecting yu own end. we is got him put so no living power, can gets him from us a live, if any aproch is maid to his hidin place that is the signal for his instant anihilation. if you regard his lit puts no one to search for him yu mony can fech him out alive an no other existin powers, dont deceve yuself in think the detectives can git him from us for that is imposebel. you here from us in few day." PAST AND PRESENT. ^oo This letter, although indefinite, was the first clew toward unrav- elling the mystery of the case. Persuaded by his friends, Mr. Ross went to Atlantic City and informed the poor mother of what had occurred. To describe her grief and heart-rending misery would be impossible. Tears afford an outlet for grief, but with her the fountain was dry. " Oh ! if I could cry, I know I should be relieved of this terrible weight that oppresses me," was her frequent exclamation. On July 6, another letter was received from the abductors, suggesting negotiations for the return of the child. They demanded $20,000, and that amount was promptly raised by friends of Mr. Ross, but instead of continuing the negotiations wiih the abductors, the police induced him to allow them to manage the case, and Mayor Stokley, over his official signature, offered $20,000 reward for the arrest of the kidnappers, and the restora- tion of the child to his parents. The case attracted world-wide attention, and hundreds of clews were followed up by the detec- tives. Finally, Superintendent Geo. W. Walling, of the New York police force, found a clew which led him to believe that two burg- lars, William Mosher and Joseph Douglass, were the abductors. In the mean time Mr. Ross had received no less than sixteen let- ters from the child-stealers. William Westervelt, a brother-in-law of Douglass, and who was the go-between in the attempted ne- gotiations with Mr. Ross, was the party through whom Superin- tendent Walling gained information which caused him to finally settle upon Mosher and Douglass as the abductors. Westervelt was willing to give Douglass away, but did not want to do his brother-in-law any harm. While the police were scouring the country in a search for the burglars, the summer residence of Judge Van Brunt of the Supreme Court of New York at Bay Ridge, Long Island, was entered by burglars. This was on the morning of December 14, succeeding the abduction. Judge Van Brunt's house was closed for the season, but his brother's, which immediately adjoined it, was permanently occupied. Judge Van Brunt's house was provided with a burglar-alarm, and the signal bell was placed in the bedroom of his brother in the adjoining house. Mr. Van Brunt was aroused at about two o'clock by the signal bell, and arming himself and his servants, they hastened to the Judge's house. They surprised the burglars in the very -JO THE PHILADELPHIA POLICE, act, and when they attempted to escape, shot Mosher dead, and mortally wounded Douglass. Before his death the latter said : " It's no use lying now. Mosher and 1 stole Charley Ross from Germantown. Mosher knows all about the child.' They told him that Mosher was dead, and he was raised up so that he could see the dead body of his partner in guilt. He ex- claimed : " God help his poor wife and family ! " To the question, " Where is Charley Ross ? " he answered : " God knows I tell you the truth ! 1 don't know where he is. Mosher knew. The child will be returned home safe and sound in a few days." When little Walter Ross was shown the dead bodies of the two burglars, he immediately recognized them as the abductors of his brother. The burglars had come to Bay Ridge in a cat-rigged sloop. It was searched, but nothing was discovered to give the least clew to the missing child. It was supposed that Mosher and Douglass had perhaps two accomplices, and the policy now adopted was to discover them by hunting up all their associates. Mosher's wife and her brother Westervelt were the means through whom this information was sought. Several clews were followed up on the strength of information which they gave, but nothing followed from it. Douglass's dying promise that the boy would be returned in a few days was not fulfilled, and although years have passed there has been no solution of the problem, "What became of Charley Ross ? " Westervelt was known to be an as- sociate of both Mosher and Douglass, and was afterwards tried at Philadelphia for complicity in the abduction. He was found guilty and sentenced to an imprisonment of seven years in the Eastern Penitentiary. It was believed that Westervelt could tell what final disposition was made of the child, but to the last he stoutly denied his ability to do this. Sergeant ISAAC S. CURRIER, of the Fourteenth District, was born in Vermont March 27, 1843. He entered the depart- ment under Mayor Stokley on January i, 1872, and was promoted to sergeant by Mayor Stokley on March 3, 1877. He served three years in the army. Sergeant JOSEPH MAXWELL was born in Germantown, Pa., in November, 1844. He was appointed patrolman by Mayor PAST AND PRESENT. ^,, Stokley on November i6, 1872, and was promoted to sergeant on June I, 1881, by Mayor King. He served in the army. Sergeant ADAM SANDERSON was born in North Andover, Mass., on January 25, 1843. He was appointed a patrolman by Mayor Stokley in July, 1873. Mayor Smith promoted him to ser- geant on March 8, 1884. Sergeant THOMAS NEILSON was born in Scotland on Se]> tember 29, 1840. He was appointed a patrolman by Mayor Stok- ley in June, 1876, and was promoted to sergeant in July, 1884, by Mayor SmilJi, and was assigned to duty at the sub-station at Olney. He served in the army. House-Sergeant RITTENHOUSE FRALEY was born in Ger- mantown, Pa., on June, 17, 1812. He was appointed a police and fire-alarm telegraph operator on June 3, 1858, by Mayor Henry, and when the telegraph system became merged into the police department under Mayor Stokley, he became house-sergeant. House-Sergeant FERGUS ELLIOTT was born in Leicester, England, December 11, 1843. He was appointed patrolman by Mayor Stokley in November, 1872. He was promoted to house- sergeant on January 3, 1887, by Mayor Smith. He served three years in the anny. House-Sergeant JOSEPH WILDE was born in Philadelphia on October 12, 1847. He entered the department under Mayor Smith on May i, 1884, when he was appointed house-sergeant, and was assigned to duty at the sub-station at Olney. He entered the army at the age of sixteen, and served some time. House-Sergeant WILLIAM TOMLINSON was born in Man- chester, England, on December 5, 1840. .He entered the depart- ment under Mayor Stokley in January, 1875, and was promoted to house-sergeant on August 7, 1886. House-Sergeant CHARLES SHAW was born in Maine on De- cember 27, 1848. He entered the service under Mayor Smith on May 24, 1884, as patrolman, and was detailed as house-ser- geant at Olney sub-station by Mayor Smith on January 8, 1885. He served five months in the army and three years in the Marine Corps. House-Sergeant OLIVER SKILTON was born in Philadelphia May 20, 1848. He entered the police department as a patrolman under Mayor Stokley on September 15, 1875; resigned February 17, 1884; was reappointed June 5, 1884, and promoted by Mayor 5,2 THE PHILADELPHIA POLICE, Smith to house-sergeant January 2, 1886. In January, 1887, he was transferred from the Twentieth to the Fourteenth District. He served in the U. S. Army. WILLIAM KEE was born in Ireland May 6, 1837. He en- tered the department under Mayor Stokley as sub-patrolman on February 3, 1875, and was made a regular in August, 1875. NICHOLAS HEINS was born in Philadelphia on October 19, 1834. He was appointed by Mayor Stokley on January i, 1872. He served three years in the army. JOHN H. MAGEE was born in Germantown, Pa., on July 7, 1852. He was appointed sub-patrolman by Mayor King on March 11, 1884, and was made a regular by Mayor Smith on May 24, 1884. MYERS F. HAMILTON was born in Philadelphia in Novem- ber, 1830. He was appointed patrolman by Mayor Conrad in September, 1854, and has served ever since, excepting during the term of Mayor Fox. DANIEL P. BOGGS was born in Kent County, Delaware, June 3, 1851. Mayor King made him a patrolman on March 11, 1884. WILLIAM GUYER was born in Philadelphia in 1827. Mayor Henry made him a patrolman on May 19, 1858. CHARLES D. GENTRY was born at Holmesburg, Pa., on September 24, 1841. He entered the department under Mayor Smith on May 18, 1884. He served, in the army. CASPER STROUSE was born at Chestnut Hill, Philadelphia, on March 31, 1828. He received his first appointment on the force under Mayor Conrad in June, 1854, and has served nearly twenty-five years altogether. HENRY MORTON was born in Philadelphia on January 14, 1858. He was appointed by Mayor Smith on July 12, 1884, as a patrolman at Olney sub-station. JAMES LORIMER was born in Scotland in 1836. He en- tered the department in May, 1872, under Mayor Stokley. He served in the army. JAMES GLASSEY was born in Ireland on January 12, 1843. He entered the department under Mayor Stokley as patrolman on February 12, 1872, and has been in continuous service since. He has made a number of important arrests, including murder- ers and burglars. He served in the army and was wounded at Bull Run. PAST AND PRESENT. 513 JAMES WOODRUFF was born in Philadelphia in 1850. He entered the department on March 11, 1884, under Mayor King. JOHN STEPHEN was born in Germantown, Pa., on May 9, 1858. Mayor King appointed him a sub-patrolman on March 16, 1884 and he was made a regular by Mayor Smith on May 24, 1884. THOMAS PULLINGER was born in Germantown, Pa., on February 24, 1857. He entered the department under Mayor King on March 7, 1884. HENRY HARGREAVES was born in Germantown, Pa., on April 28, 1858. He entered the department under Mayor Smith on June 9, 1884. FRANK MAXHEIMER was born in Montgomery County, Pa., in 1854. He entered the department on November 5, 1879, under Mayor Stolcley. WILLIAM BROOKS was born in Philadelphia on December 27, 1859. He was appointed on March 6, 1886, by Mayor Smith. ALBERT H. TOON was born in Germantown, Pa., on February 23, 1845. He entered the department under Mayor Stokley on May 3, 1876. He served three years in the army. JOSHUA GREAVES was born in Yorkshire, England, on August 29, 1843. He entered the department under Mayor Stokley on October i, 1875. ANDREW ZELL was born in Philadelphia in January 6, 1835. He was appointed patrolman by Mayor Stokley on December 24, 1880. WILLIAM AIMAN was born in Montgomery Co., on August 6, 1854. He was appointed by Mayor King on July 2, 1881. SAMUEL LADLEY was born in Lincolnshire, England, on September 12, 1828. He entered the department under Mayor Stokley on January i, 1872. WILLIAM A. STRUBEL was born in Philadelphia on De. cember 4, 1847. He was appointed patrolman by Mayor Smith on March 6, 1886. SALVADOR MAXWELL was born in Germantown, Pa., on April 16, 1838. He entered the department in September, 1872, under Mayor Stokley. He served three years in the army. JAMES F. MENOUGH was born in Philadelphia on Septem- ber 25, 1832. He was appointed on the force by Mayor Stokley on June i, 1872. 33 514 THE PHILADELPHIA POLICE, JACOB L. STEINMETZ was born in Philadelphia on March 27, 1838. He entered the department under Mayor Stokley in November, 1877. NATHANIEL ORME was born in England in 1832. He entered the department under Mayor Stokley on July 27, 1880. ZEPHINIA S. BALTON was born in Montgomery County on November 6, 1820. He was appointed by Mayor Stokley on March 16, 1873. He served a year in the army. WILLIAM F. DAVIS was born in Philadelphia in 1850. He entered the department under Mayor Smith on May 18, 1885. ADAM ORMISTON was born in Scotland on June 10, 1833. He entered the department under Mayor Stokley in February, 1874. ALFRED KEPHART was born in Philadelphia on January 7, 1847. He was appointed by Mayor Kiii^ on July 15, 1881. He served two years in tlie army. JOHN M. WRIGHT was born in Kingston, Jamaica, W. I., on January 19, 1839. He entered the service under Mayor Stokley on January i, 1872. He served in the army. GEORGE LEWELLYN was born in Montgomery Co., Pa., on March 4, 1841. He was appointed by Mayor Stokley on Septem- ber 8, 1878. He served three years in the army. EDWARD BUCHANAN was born in Ireland on May 8, 1838. He entered the department under Mayor Stokley on Jan- uary I, 1875. He served in the navy during the Rebellion. GEORGE W. TROUT was born in Philadelphia on January 9, 1852. He entered the department under Mayor King on October 21, 1881. JAMES A. GREGORY was born in Mercer Co., Pa., in 1845. He entered the department under Mayor Smith on May 24, 1884. He served in the army. WILLIAM HOUSTON was born in Ireland on September 13, 1835. He entered the department under Mayor Stokley on Jan- uary I, 1875. Officer Houston was the man who found on May 5, 1884, in the Wissahickon Creek, the head of the body which was afterwards identified as that of butcher Stahl, which identification was considered complete until John M. Wilson delivered himself up to the police authorities of Chicago, and confessed to having murdered Anthony Dealey, a farmer for whom he worked, and whose body he declared he had chopped up and thrown into PAST AND PRESENT. 515 Wissahickon Creek in the previous winter. Tiien a re-examination of the testimony of identification showed that the description of the dismembered body found in sacks fully carried out Wilson's confession, and the mystery of Dealey's disappearance was cleared up, while that of butcher Stahl was left a greater mystery than before. Wilson was tried and convicted in Norristown and was hanged. The case was a sensation for awhile on account of the difficulty of identification, and of the number of people who were mixed up in it. BATEMAN SADDINGTON was born on February 10, 1843, in England. He entered the department under Mayor Smith on May 24, 1884. JACOB D. HESS was born in Norristown on September 16, 1851. He entered the department under Mayor Stokley on June 19, 1880. He served in the army from May 12, 1865, to Decem- ber 20, 1870. WILLIAM M. WILSON was born in Philadelphia on March 20, 1853. He entered the department under Mayor Stokley on June 29, 1880. JAMES J. SMITH was born in New York on March 14, 1856. Mayor Smith appointed him patrolman on June 8, 1884. McKEE HOLLINGSWORTH was born in Ireland in March, 1838. He was appointed a patrolman by Mayor Stokley. He was made sergeant of the Olney sub-station on .March 31, 1877. He was dismissed by Mayor King on March 8, 1883, and was re- appointed as patrolman by Mayor Smith on May 24, 1884. On April 2, 1873, he arrested Jacob Barnet, for indecent assault ; on June 12, 1875, he arrested Eugene Hohenfels for stealing a quan- tity of jewellery from a Mr. Strawbridge ; on June 4, 1876, he ar- rested Officer James Piatt for homicide. WILLIAM STOTT was born in Philadelphia on December 5, 1856. He joined the' department under Mayor Smith on April 8, 1885. WILLIAM HOSSE^RASS was born in Philadelphia on Sep- tember 7, 1859. Mayor Smith made him a patrolman on May 24, 1884. WILLIAM A. SIBSON was born in Germantown on March 8, 1845. He was appointed by Mayor King on July 15, 1882. THOMAS STAFFORD was born in Clinton, N. J., in 1836. ji6 THE PHILADELPHIA POLICt, He was appointed by Mayor Stokley on January i, 1872. He served in tlie army. THOMAS HARPHAM was born in Phiiadelpliia on March 20, 1855. He was appointed by Mayor Smith on March 6, i886. He arrested in June, 1886, William Nelson (or an attempted outrage, and had him sent to the penitentiary for eight years. WILLIAM U. SHRIVER was born in Philadelphia on Novem- ber 16, 1845. He entered the department under Mayor King in January, 1883. JACOB H. UNRUH was born in Philadelphia September 29, 1836. He was appointed by Mayor Smith October 6, 1886. JOHN BARNES was born in Philadelphia June 29, 1859. He was appointed by Mayor Smith, October 6, 1886. HENRY C. SMITH was born in Philadelphia May 22, 1853. He was appointed by Mayor Smith October 6, 1886. CHARLES YEOMANSON was born in England May 29, 1856. He was appointed by Mayor Smith December 13, 1886. ANDREW BROWN was born in Philadelphia. He was ap- pointed to the police force by Mayor Smith on October 6, 1886. MOSES A. WRIGHT, turnkey, was born in Kent County, Md., January 12, 1851. He was appointed by Mayor Stokley Septem- ber 6, 1880. SUBSTITUTE PATROLMAN. ABRAHAM K. STROUSE was born in Philadelphia May II, 1862. He was appointed by Mayor Smith December 13, 1886. PAST AND PRliSF:Nt. „. CHAPTER XXI. The Body ok the Force — {Conimucd). FIFTEENTH, SIXTEENTH AND SEVENTEENTH DISTKIC'IS.— LIEUTENANT DUNGAN'S KKANKKORD INTERESTS.— SER- GEANTS HANSON, ASHTON, LANARD, SlIALLCROSS, MURRAY, WELLS, KEHO AND TRAMRK.— SPECIAL OF- FICER BALDWIN.— RECORDS OF THE An:.\.— LIEUTEN- ANT bailey's charge. — SERGEANTS ALLISON, MCDOW- ELL, ROBIN.SON, CORRISTON AND WU.SON SPECIAL OFFICER .STEPHEN.S.— PATROL SERGEANTS PROWN AND LORD. — RECORDS OF THE MEN. — LIEUTENANT THOMPSON AND THE KANE FRATRICIDE.— SERGEANTS TOMLINSON, WILSON, MCCOACH, PRIOR AND WIIIT- TINGHAM. THE FIFTEENTH DI.STRICT. WILLIAM L. DUNGAN, lieutenant of the Fifteenth District, was born at the Fox Chase, Philadelphia, July 21, 1850. He was appointed sergeant of the Fifteenth District by Mayor Smith, May I, 1884, and made a lieutenant August i of the same year. The district station-house is situated at the corner of Paul and Ruan streets, Frankford. There are also two sub-stations located on Main Street, Holmesburg, and at Tacony, respectively. There is a telephone station at Bustleton. The Fifteenth District is bounded on the north by the Bucks County line, on the east by the Dela- ware River, on the south by Frankford Creek, and on the west by Montgomery County and the Fourteenth Police District. The United States Arsenal, House of Correction, Friends' Asylum for the Insane, Eden Hall, a famous Roman Catholic Boarding School, Si. Vincent's Catholic Orphan Asylum, the Oxford and Lower Dublin Poor House, Wright's Institute and the Forest Home for 5^8 THE PHILADELPHIA POLICE, Actors are all within its boundaries. It comprises one of the larg- est manufacturing districts in the city. Sergeant ALBERT HANSON was born in Chester Co., Pa., Auo-ust 26, 1853. He entered the department under Mayor Stokley on February 19, 1879, and was made special officer by Mayor King in February, 1883 ; was promoted to sergeant in Au- gust, 1884, by Mayor Smith. Among the important arrests which Sergeant Hanson has made were Edward O'Neil, on January 12, 1881, for highway robbery ; Grant Frankenfield, burglary ; Thomas O'Neil, highway robbery ; and Charles Mahan, burglary. Sergeant WILLIAM R. ASHTON was born at Beverly, N. J., on July 8, 1842. He was appointed a patrolman under Mayor Stokley on September 10, 1880 ; resigned March lo, 1881, and re-entered the department under Mayor Smith on June 10, 1884. He was appointed sergeant by Mayor Smith on December i, 1886. He served in the army from May 31, 1861, to May 31, 1865, and was wounded in the neck at Cedar Creek, West Virginia. Sergeant DANH'X W. L.-VNARI) was born in Philadelphia on June 29, 1850. He was appointed as patrolman by Mayor Stokley on October 2, 1875, and was promoted to sergeant by Mayor Smith on January i, 1886, and assigned to duty at the Tacony sub-station. House-Sergeant CHARLES B. SHALLCROSS was born in Philadelphia on January 15, 1853. He was appointed house- sergeant by Mayor Stokley on December 4, 1874. House-Sergeant MALCOM MURRAY was born in Phila- delphia on February 7, 1844. He entered the service as sub- patrolman under Mayor Stokley on May 10, 1876, and was made a regular on March 22, 1878. He was detailed as acting house-sergeant at Holmesburg sub-station on September 9, 1879, and was transferred to the Frankford station on October 4, 1882. On November 29, 1884, Mayor Smith appointed him as regular house-sergeant. He served two years and nine months in the army. House-Sergeant JONATHAN B. WELLS was born in Phila- delphia on March 21, 1844. He entered the department under Mayor Stokley on January i, 1872, and was promoted to house- sergeant by Mayor Smith on December 31, 1885. He served two years in the army and was wounded at Gettysburg. House-Sergeant THOMAS H. KEHO was born in Cohoes, WILLIAJI L. DUNGAN, Lieutenant of the Fifteentli District. PAST AND PRESENT. 521 New York, on March lo, 1848. He entered the department under Mayor Stokley on March 7, 1872. He was promoted to house-sergeant by Mayor Smith January i, 1886. He entered the army when thirteen years of age as a drummer boy, and served four years and three months, and was shot in the knee at Fred- ericksburg. House-Sergeant LEWIS TRAMPE, stationed at Tacony sub- station, was born in Philadelphia October i, 1848. He was ap- pointed by Mayor Stokley April 28, 1877, as patrolman of the Tenth District. He was transferred to the Fifteenth District in 1886 by Mayor Smith, and was made house-sergeant of the Ta- cony sub-station. JAMES WRIGHT was born in England on May 10, 1838. He was appointed sub-patrolman by Mayor Smith on July 10, 1884, and was made a regular on August 1, following. ROBERT BELL was born in England on May 26, 1848. He entered the department under Mayor Stokley on January 28, 1881. JOHN H. KRISHER was born in Philadelphia July 27, 1852. He entered the department under Mayor Stokley on May 9, 1876. CYRUS O. DANIELS was born in Philadelphia on September 7, 1842. He was appointed patrolman by Mayor Smith on No- vember 16, X884. He served during the war in the army, and received two wounds at Gettysburg. WILLIAM J. JEFFERSON was born in Delaware September 22, 1838. He entered the service under Mayor Stokley on Jan- uary I, 1875. He served three years in the army and suffered the privations of a Southern prison and was wounded at Petersburg. CHARLES R. CARWITHEN was born in Philadelphia on December 27, 1840. He entered the department under Mayor Stokley on June 5, 1873. He made a number of important ar- rests. WILLIAM ENOCH was born in Philadelphia on January 25, 1839. H^ served two years and six months in the U. S. Army. He was appointed to the police department by Mayor Stokley on May 10, 1876, and has made several arrests for burglary. HARVEY ATKINSON was born at Holmesburg on October 30, 1847. He entered the department under Mayor Stokley. He arrested Charles Shaw for stealing a horse and wagon in Mont- gomery County, and had him convicted and sent to State's prison for ten years. Served in the army. 522 THE PHILADELPHIA POLICE, OTHO E. BOOZ was born in Jersey City on March 25, 1857. He entered the service under Mayor Smith, on June 5, 1884. CHARLES S. RILEY was born in Trenton, N. J., December 15, 1856. He was appointed by Mayor Smith on August i, 1884. FREDERICK KREITZER was born on November 5, 1830, at Philadelphia. He entered the service under Mayor Stokley on January i, 1872. He made a number of important arrests, among them Michael Burns, a burglar. He served in the army. JACOB ABRAMS was born in Philadelphia on December 10, 1832. He was appointed as a sub-officer by Mayor Stokley on June 6, 1873, and was made a regular a month later. He has made a number of important arrests. WILLIAM JOHNSON was born in Philadelphia on May 21, 1825. He entered the department under Mayor Henry on June 13, 1858 ; resigned May 31, 1869. Mayor Stokley reappointed him on January i, 1872. He captured Samuel Lukens, a barn- burner and horse thief, and had him sent to the penitentiary for six years. HENRY W. McCOOL was born in Philadelphia on January 24, 1844. He served three years in the 91st Regiment Pennsyl- vania Volunteers -during the late war. He was appointed by Mayor Smith on February 20, 1886, and was detailed as special officer on April 20, 1886. He arrested Frank Hart, a horse thief. JOHN BELL was born in England March 24, 1846. He en- tered the department under Mayor Smith on June 5, 1884. GEORGE DINGLER was born in Philadelphia on October 9, 1852. He was appointed by Mayor Stokley on November 10, 1880. He arrested Dennis Wright on September 4, 1884, for burglary. GEORGE W. MYERS was born in Philadelphia on November 24, 1842. He was appointed by Mayor Smith on November 9^ 1884. He served in the army and spent three months in Libby Prison. WILLIAM R. BALDWIN, special officer, was born in Dela- ware County on July 2, 1820. He entered the department as lieutenant under Mayor Stokley on January i, 1872, and served in that capacity through the terms of mayors Stokley, King and Smith up to August i, 1884, since which time he has been acting as a special officer. THOMAS J. MARKLEY was born in Montgomery County, Pa., PAST AND PRESENT. 523 on December 27, 1839. He entered the department under Mayor Stokley on January i, 1875. He arrested John Jones and Wil- liam Hammett, highway robbers, and Moses Gardner, a horse thief, and others, all of whom were sent to prison for various terms. WILLIAM H. JOHNSON was born in Philadelphia on March 5, 1855. He entered the department under Mayor Smith on June S, 1884. He arrested, on April 22, 1886, Alexander Barrett, a house-breaker ; James Coyle, a highway robber, on April 9, 1885, and others. WILLIAM C. WEISHAAR was born in Philadelphia on Sep- tember 10, 1830. He was appointed on December 31, 1874, by Mayor Stokley. He arrested Adam Thomson for shooting a negro named George Rickets. CHARLES R. BURKE was born in Philadelphia on February 16, 1840. He entered the department on December 31, 1873, under Mayor Stokley. He served three years in the United States Army. CHARLES H. MYERS was born in Philadelphia on February I, 1850. He entered the department under Mayor Stokley on January i, 1875. He arrested Cornelius Hackett, for car robbery, and William Rowe, a burglar. GEORGE HENRY SMITH was born in Philadelphia on March 21, 1847. He entered the department under Mayor Smith on May 20, 1885. He served four years in the Regular Army and was stationed at the Frankford Arsenal, and also three months in the 8th Union League regiment. EDWIN H. PRICE was born on April 24, 1853. He was ap- pointed by Mayor Stokley on February 9, 1878. ELI BROMILEY was born in Bolton, England, on June 24, 1835. He entered the department under Mayor Smith on June 10, 1884. He served four years in the army. He arrested one Winterbottom for an assault on his wife with intent to kill. EDWARD J. HAINES was born in Philadelphia on Septem- ber 4, 1841. He was appointed by Mayor Stokley on June i, 1872. He served five years in the United States Army. RICHARD B. EARL was born in Philadelphia on January 5, 1842. He entered the department under Mayor Smith on June 16, 1886. He arrested Robert Mansfield for highway robbery. JAMES A. DEAN was born in York County, Pa., on August ^24 THE PHILADELPHIA POLICE, 25, 1835. He was appointed on the force by Mayor Smith on June 10, 1884. He served three years in the army. JOHN A. SHELMIRE was born in Holmesburg on November 22, 1838. He entered the department under Mayor Smith on January 17, 1885. GEORGE W. BOWLER was born in Frankford on January 15, i860. He entered the department under Mayor Smith on June 13, 1884. CHARLES H. HUCKEL was born in Frankford in May, 1855. He was appointed by Mayor King in 1882. ISAAC C. WINGER'!' was born at Pottsville, Pa., on April 23, 1844. He was appointed by Mayor Smith on June 18, 1884. He served five years in the United States Infantry. He arrested James Coyle, a highway robber, and Samuel Hayward, a thief. JAMES W. LEE was born in Frankford November 12, 1855. He entered the service under Mayor Smith on June 10, 1884. WILLIAM M. ABRAMS was born in Frankford on October 12, 1843. He entered the department under Mayor Smith on June 10, 1884. He served nearly four years in the army, was wounded twice, and spent eight months in Andersonville Prison. EDWARD TOMLINSON was born on August 22, 1839, '" Bucks County, Pa. He entered the department under Mayor Smith on June 5, 1884. JAMES W. WRIGHT was born in Montgomery Co., Pa., on June 16, 1842. He entered the department under Mayor Smith in 1884. WILLIAM J. HORNER was born in Beverly, N. J., on Novem- ber 27, 1855. He was appointed to the police force by Mayor Smith on March 12, 1886. JAMES OLDHAM was born at Frankford, Philadelphia, on March 26, 1862. He was appointed to the police force by Mayor Smith on April 20, 1886. WILLIAM J. SHIELDS was born in Providence, R. I., March 3, 1858. He was appointed to the police force on November 15, 1886, by Mayor Smith. WILLETT WEEKS, turnkey, was born in West Chester Co., New York, on March 25, 1812. He entered the department under Mayor Henry and served six months under Mayor Fox. He was reappointed by Mayor Stokley and has been in continuous PAST AND PRESENT. 525 service since. He served three years in the army and was wounded at Chancellorsville. THE SIXTEENTH DISTRICT. E. M. BAILEY, lieutenant of the Sixteenth District, was born on December 17, 1839, •" t^^ Twenty-fourth Ward, Philadelphia, within half a square of the station-house of the district which he now commands. He was educated in the public schools of the city, and afterward was apprenticed to the carpentry trade. After finishing his apprenticeship, he worked at his trade until he en- listed in Col. Day's regiment, Pennsylvania Volunteers, after the second battle of Bull Run, when the national capital was thought to be in danger of capture by the Confederate forces. He was stationed with his regiment at Wilmington for almost three weeks. In 1863, at the time of Lee's invasion of Pennsylvania, Mr. Bailey enlisted in the 45th Regiment Pennsylvania Volunteers, and was on duty at Williamsport, Pa., almost seven weeks. Upon the return of the regiment to Philadelphia, it was mustered out of service. Mr. Bailey then resumed his trade, at which he worked until appointed telegraph operator by Superintendent Philips of the police and fire-alarm telegraph in September, 1873. He was assigned to duty at the Sixteenth District Station-House. In 1874 he became house-sergeant of the district, when the telegraph operators were merged into the police department, under Mayor Stokley. He was promoted to the lieutenancy on January 1, 1885, by Mayor Smith. All of Lieutenant Bailey's life has been passed in the Sixteenth District, where he was born and has lived almost within the shade of his station-house, and nearly fourteen years of it have been passed in the police service. While he is genial and kind with his men, with many of whom he has been associated during his long term of service, he is strict in maintaining discipline, and they are held to a rigid accountability in the discharge of their duties. He possesses the confidence and respect of those under him, while he is justly proud of them. As a rule, they are large, soldierly-looking fellows, a number of whom stand over six feet. One is six feet two and a half inches in height. While at one time the Sixteenth was an unruly one, and had to a large extent a rough element with which its officers had to deal, it is as orderly now as any other in the city. It is also one of the largest, extending from 526 THE PHILADELPHIA POLICE, Market Street as far north as Manayunk on the west side of the Schuylkill River, and to Overbrook on the Pennsylvania R. R. and the county line on the west. All of the yards and car shops of ihe Pennsylvania R. R. Company are located within the dis- trict, and these, with the labyrinth of railroad tracks of that com- pany's system also centring here, are fruitful causes of accident cases which the officers of the district have to handle, and which add not a little to their duties. On the 4th of July, 1885, it is estimated that fully two hundred thousand people passed through the district to visit the National Encampment and the Wild West Show. This crowd of jieople was handled by the Sixteenth's officers, and not an accident happened. The Sixteenth District Station-House is situated at the corner of Thirty-ninth Street and Lancaster Avenue. The district ex- tends along Market Street from the Schuylkill River to the county line, thence along the county line to City Avenue, along City Avenue to the Schuylkill River, along the Schuylkill River to the Fairmount Park line, along the Park line around George's Hill to Elm Avenue, along Elm Avenue line to Girard Avenue, along Girard Avenue to the Schuylkill River, along the river to Market Street, the place of beginning. Six large woollen mills. Hunter's extensive calico print-works, and other large mills, two machine shops, three large street railway passenger depots and stables, the Philadelphia stock yards and abbatoir, three large hotels and sale stables, and nearly all the prominent wholesale butchering estab- lishments in the city are among the industrial establishments in this district. The Pennsylvania Hospital for the Insane, the Blind Men's Home and Workshop, the House of the Good Shep- herd, the Old Man's Home and the Home for Aged Colored Men and Women, Christ Church Hospital for Old Women, the Mechan- ics M. E. Orphanage, and a large number of handsome residences, are also within its limits. Sergeant JOSEPH R. ALLISON was born in Chester County, Penn., and is forty-six years old. He served three years and one month in the U. S. Army during the late war. Was appointed to the police force on February 14, 1872, by Mayor Stokley, and pro- moted to sergeant February 19, 1873. He participated in the arrest of Samuel and John Johnson, April, 1873, for robbing cars of the Pennsylvania Railroad Company, who were sentenced to three years each in the Eastern Penitentiary. Sergeant Allison, E. M. BAILEY, Lieutenant of the Sixteenth District. PAST AND PRESENT. 520 with a squad of officers, arrested Frederick Troup, John Beard and Thomas Cromby, in December, 1875, for the killing, by shoot- ing, of Thomas Sheridan at Ashworth farm, Delaware County : sentenced to three years' imprisonment each. In February, 1886, he arrested James Irvin, Mark Harris and John Buchanan for burglary, and Bernard Kehoe, James Dempsey, John A. Gorman, Dennis Dempsey and John H. Gorman for the killing of Eliza Brown in 1876. Sergeant WILLIAM McDOWELL was born in Ireland, and is thirty-six years of age. He was appointed to the police force Jan- uary 3, 1878, by Mayor Stokley, and promoted to sergeant May i, 1884, by Mayor Smith. He arrested May 26, 1876, Daniel Black- burn for larceny; December 28, 1881, Samuel Jaggers for larceny ; August 6, 1880, Thomas Welsh for assault and battery; May 23, 1881, Ludlow Lanning for assault to kill ; February 27, 1882, An- thony Piersoh, Lewis Foxsime and Frank Filler, for larceny. May 28, 1882, Sergeant McDowell, with Special Officer Stephens and officers Jackson and Palmer, under the directions of Lieutenant Bailey, arrested Patrick Coyle for the murder of John Crompton, by stabbing, and John Eppley as accessory. Coyle plead guilty, and was sentenced to eight years' imprisonment. November 22, 1886, Sergeant McDowell arrested Michael McCall, for assault to kill. House-Sergeant JAMES B. ROBINSON was bom in Pennsyl- vania, and is thirty-nine years old. He is a painter by trade. Was appointed to the police force by Mayor Stokley in September, 1873, and promoted to house-sergeant in October, 1877. He arrested, July 9, 1874, Louis Heinecke for burglary, September 6, 1875, Harry Stewell for larceny; May 29, 1876, William R. Murry for house robbery, and April 20, 1877, Frank Rappan for house- breaking. House-Sergeant ROBERT CORRISTON was born in Pennsyl- vania, and is thirty-six years old. He is a carpenter by trade. Was appointed to the police force by Mayor Stokley January i, 1875, *"n in Ireland June 3, 1846. He was appointed to the force by Mayor Smith March 24, 1886. ALBERT KIRK was born in Montgomery County. Pa., Decem- ber 5, 1859. He was appointed to the force by Mayor Smith April 7, i886. ROBERT SAVAGE, turnkey, was bom at Stockton, Md., Feb- ruary 10, 1850. He was appointed by Mayor Stokley November 13, 1876 ; was dismissed June i, 1884, and leappointed by Mayor Smith September 11, 1886. PAST AND PRKSENT. 5G9 SUBSTITUTE PATKOLMKN. ISAAC YOUNG was born in rhiladeiphia l''c;bruary 14, 1859, He was appointed by Mayor Smith January 9, 1886, as pauolnian of the Sixth District; was dismissed August 8, 1886, and was ic- appointed in the Twentieth District on No\cnibcr 7, 1886. FRANK WENRICKwas born in Lebanon Couiii_\, I'a., Auj^ust 18, 1837. He was appointed by Mayor Smitii December 15, 1886. He has served in the U. S. Army. HORACE GARTLKY was born in Schuylkill Co., I'a., No- vember 12, 1861. He was appointed by Mayor Smith, November 19, 1886. rjo THE PHILAUKLPHIA POLICE, CHAPTER XXIII. The Body of the Force — {Continued). TWENTY-KIKST, TWENTY-SECOND AND TWENTY-THIRD DIS- TRICTS. — LIEUTENANT BLANKLEY'S GOOD RECORD.— THE DISTRICT OF HOMES. — SERGEANTS IJROOKS, HAN- SELL, SIMPSON, DONNAGHA AND GIBSON. — PATROL SER- GEANTS ULRICK AND LATTIMER. — RECORDS OF THE MEN. — LIEUTENANT WOLF'S CAREER AND HIS EFFEC- TIVE WORK.— SERGEANTS McCLURE, HALLOWELL, EGOLF, DARLING, REED, KISTER AND LAFFERTY.— SPE- CIAL OFFICERS FULTON AND VANDERSLICE. — RECORDS OF THE MEN.— SKETCH OF LIEUTENANT LYONS.— SER- GEANTS NORBURY, WATSON, PETERSON AND FLINN.- SPECIAL OFFICER CARPENTER'S RECORD. — RECORDS OF THE MEN. THE TWENTY-FIRST DISTRICT. GEORGE BLANKLEY, lieutenant of the Twenty-first Dis- trict, was born in Pliiladelphia April 28, 1837. He enlisted in May, 1863, for three months, in Company B, Two Hundred and Thirteenth Regiment of Pennsylvania Volunteers; and on .February 17, 1865, re-enlisted in the same regiment for one year, and served out his time as a non-commissioned officer. On January i, 1872, Mayor Stokley made him sergeant of the Twenty-first District and on October 11, 1879, promoted him to the lieutenancy. During his term of service he has made many important arrests, prominent among which are Charles Brace- Ion a for robbery, December 21, 1872; Martha Wright for arson and larceny, January 19, 1873 ; John Williams for assault and bat- tery with intent to kill, July 14, 1874; Cornelius Brown, for high- way robbery, October 16, 1874 ; Abram Fray, for an outrageous as- sault, July 12, 1876 ; John Echternacht for burglary committed in frEOraiE ISLANKLEV, Liuutfiiaiit 'if tlu' T\venty-lirst In^trict PAST AND PRESENT. „, Lancaster County, April 30, 1878 ; James Howard for murder, March 13, 1885, and Newton Lamplaugh for homicide, June 22, 1882. During the railroad riots of July, 1877, he succeeded, after an exciting struggle, in arresting three of the ringleaders, Robert Jameson, Michael Moore, and Mark Harris for inciting their fellow strikers to riot, and by his prompt action on this occasion undoubt- edly prevented bloodshed. In connection with " Horse Detective " Alfred P. Bye of the Central Station, on October 4, 1883, he arrested Eugene Murray and James Pritchard, charged with horse-stealing. Thev were operating on a large scale and had stolen fifty-four horses from Fairfax, Loudoun and Alexandria counties, Virginia. The offi- cers recovered and returned to the owners twenty-four of the stolen animals, which had been sold to farmers in York and Lan- caster counties, Pennsylvania, to business men in Philadelphia, and in various sections of New York, New Jersey, Delaware and Maryland. The Twenty-first District Station-House is located at Woodland Avenue and Spruce Street, and is a finely appointed building, erected during the Centennial year. The district is bounded by Market Street on the north, Cobb's and Darby creeks on the west, the Schuylkill River on the east and south-east and Bow Creek on the south. The West Philadelphia Bank, Centennial Bank, University of Pennsylvania and its Hospital, Philadelphia Almshouse and Hospital, Presbyterian Home for Widows and Sin- gle Women, Home of the Incurables, Colored Orphan Asylum, the Divinity School of the Protestant Episcopal Church, Union Home for Orphans, the Catholic Industrial Home, Home for Crippled Children, ten school-houses and twenty-one churches, most of them edifices of great architectural beauty, and a large number of magnificent private residences, are within the limits of this district. Among the prominent industrial establishments are the Allison Car Works, Callahan's Mills, Henry's Mills, Hoffman's Mills, Farrell's Safe Manufactory, Goodall and Waters' Machine Shops, Wetherill's White Lead Works, Storm's Glass Factory, Boney's Vise and Tool Works, Murray's Iron Foun- dry, Parrish's Iron Foundry, Sleichter's Engine Works, Detwi- ler's Flour Mills, and Hitzeroth's Iron Foundry. The Darby Pas- senger Railway Depot, Chestnut and Walnut streets Passenger Railway depots, and the milk depot of the Pennsylvania Rail- ^.^ THE PHILADELPHIA POLICE, road at Tnirty-first and Chestnut streets are also in this dis- trict. Sergeant J. P. BROOKS was born in Delaware County, Penn. He was appointed to the police force by Mayor Stokley January I, 1872, and promoted to sergeant in October, 1879. Sergeant JOHN C. HANSELL was born in Philadelphia in Januar ■, 1850. On March 16, 1865, he enlisted in the 214th Regir.ent Pennsylvania Volunteers. He was appointed to the police force by Mayor Stokley February 14, 1872, and promoted to be sergeant March 17, 1881. He has made a number of im- portant arrests. House-Sergeant AUGUSTUS SIMPSON was born in Phila- delphia December 25, 1831. He learned the trade of plasterer, afterwards was an engineer, and later learned telegraphy. He was appointed sergeant on the police force by Mayor Vaux June 16, 1856. He resigned two years later, and was appointed special officer in the gas works, which position he also resigned in Feb- ruary, 1865. He was reappointed to the police force by Mayor Stokley January i, 1875, and promoted to house-sergeant in June, 1880. He arrested Henry Rodgers for burglary, James Cava- naugh for manslaughter, besides other important arrests. House-Sergeant EDWARD J. DONNAGHA was born in Philadelphia July 15, 1847. He was appointed house-sergeant by Mayor Smith in April, 1884. House-Sergeant EDWARD H. GIBSON was born in Philadel- phia June 18, 1850. He was appointed to the police force by Mayt" Stokley October 22, 1873, and promoted to house-sergeant by May ii Smith December 24, 1885. He has made a number of important arrests. Patrol-Sergeant GEORGE ULRICK, of Patrol Station No. 2, was born in Philadelphia October 10, 1834. He enlisted in the nth Regiment Pennsylvania Cavalry September 2, 1861, and again in the same regiment November 25, 1863. He was ap- pointed to the police force by Mayor Stokley February 14, 1872, and promoted to patrol-sergeant by Mayor Smith January i, 1885. Patrol-Sergeant JOHN LATTIMER, of Station No. 2, was born in Delaware County, Penn., July 7, 1851. He was appointed to the police force April i, 1876, by Mayor Stokley and pro- moted to patrol-sergeant by Mayor Smith in September, 1886. PAST AND PRESENT. ^75 GEORGE W. BOSTON, driver of patrol wagon No. 2, was born in Philadelphia April 19, 1862. Appointed to the police force January i, 1885, by Mayor Smith. JOHN A. HARVEY, driver of patrol wagon No. 2, was born in Philadelphia December 9, 1854. Appointed to the police force by Mayor Smith January i, 1885. JOHN U. SMITH, of patrol No. 2, was born in Delaware County, Penn., in November, 1848. Appointed to the police force by Mayor Stokley February 14, 1872. Has made a number of arrests. WILLIAM EURCHFIELD, of patrol No. 2, was born in Schuylkill County, Penn., January 18, 1852. Appointed to the police force by Mayor Stokley April 10, 1874. DANIEL GREEN was born in Philadelphia February 14, 1849. Appointed to the police force by Mayor Stokley April 18, 1874. He has made a number of important arrests. FREDERICK G. OSTERHELDT was born in Philadelphia August 6, 1858. Appointed to the police force by Mayor Stokley January 2, 1881. WALTER McNABB was born in Philadelphia July 16, 1851. Appointed to the police force by Mayor Smith May 6, 1884. DANIEL L. CONNOR was born in Philadelphia July i, 1858. Appointed to the police force by Mayor Smith January 16, 1886. HARRY NOTE was born in Philadelphia December 7, 1845. Appointed to the police force by Mayor Stokley February 14, 1872. EDWIN H. FLETCHER was born in Philadelphia Novem- ber 14, 1842. Appointed to the police force by Mayor Stokley January i, 1875. PETER MAKEMSON was born in Philadelphia June 6, 1825. Appointed to the police force by Mayor Stokley Febru- ary 17, 1872. ELI S. TOY was born in Philadelphia October 12, 1833. He enlisted in the 40th Regiment Pennsylvania Volunteers July 2, 1863. Discharged August 16, 1863. Appointed to the police force by Mayor Stokley in 1878. WILLIAM J. SMITH was born in Philadelphia April 20, 1855. Appointed to the police force by Mayor Smith May 6, 1884. ,^6 THE PHILADELPHIA POLICE, JAMES KANE was born in Philadelphia July 3, 1854. Ap- pointed to the police force by Mayor King in May, 1881. JOHN M. HOOPES was born in Philadelphia June 20, 1836. Appointed to the police force April 12, 1872, by Mayor Stokley. CORNELIUS DUGAN was born in Philadelphia October 15, 1848. Appointed to the police force by Mayor Smith Jan- uary 16, 1886. WILLIAM DALES was born in Montgomery County, Penn., November 18, 1829. Appointed to the police force by Mayor Henry May 15, 1865, and served four years; leappointed by Mayor Stokley in 1872. GEORGE S. MARSHALL was born in Delawaie County, Penn., January 20, 1833 ; appointed to the police force by Mayor Stokley January i, 1872. JAMES H. KELLEY was born in Ireland September 15. 1824. Appointed to the police force by Mayor Henry in 1858 and served a number of years ; reappointed by Mayor Stokley Januar)-, 1872. WILLIAM R. ROAN was born in Philadelphia October 27, 1840. Appointed to the police force by Mayor Stokley Januarj' I, 1872. JOHN T. WREN was born in Schuylkill County, Penn. He served three years in ihe 67th Regiment Pennsylvania Volunteers during the late war. Appointed to the police force May 2, 1884, by Mayor Smith. THEODORE M. SAGE was born in Philadelphia September 8, i860. Appointed to the police force by Mayor Smith in Jan- uary, 1885. JOHN T. MYERS was born in Frederick City, Md., in Janu- ary, 1841. Appointed to the, police force in December, 1884, by Mayor Smith. LEVI H. DAVIS was bcrrn in Philadelphia April 23, 1854. Appointed to the police force by Mayor Smith September 27, 1884. MORRIS F. REES was born in Philadelphia February 16. 1848. He enlisted in the U. S. Army September 7, 1869; dis- charged May II, 1870; appointed to the police force in Novem- ber, 1873, by Mayor Stokley, and served until April 4, 1880. Re- appointed by Mayor Smith March 9, 1886. JOSEPH H. HOPKINS was born in Monmouth County. New PAST AND PRESENT. ■ -^7 Jersey, June 30, 1840. Appointed to the police force by Mayor King April 6, 1881. DANIEL DOUGHERTY was born in Ireland October 3, 1840. Appointed to the police force by Mayor Slokley in 1872. DAVID B. CATERN was born in Chester County, Penn., February 2, 1819; served three months in the army. Appointed to the police force by Mayor Henry in June, 1858, and has served since with the exception of the three years of Mayor Fox's adminis- tration. GEORGE ROBINSON was born in Chester County, Penn., December 26, 1834. He enlisted in the nth Regiment Pennsyl- vania Cavalry, August 19, 1861 ; discharged August 19, 1865. Appointed to the police force by Mayor Stokley in April, 1874. EDMUND CROUT was born in Philadelphia July 5, 1842. He enlisted in the 68th Regiment Pennsylvania Volunteers in April, 1862. Appointed to the police force by Mayor Smith in January, 1886. E. J. SMITH was born in Baltimore, Md., July 30, 1847. Ap- pointed to the police force in September, 1884, by Mayor Smith. JOHN CREAN was born in Ireland December 25, 1855. Ap- pointed to the police force June i, 1884, by Mayor Smith. JOSEPH TAYLOR was born in Philadelphia May 4, 1852. Appointed to the police force by Mayor Smith June 20, 1884. FRANK MORGAN was born in Philadelphia September 17, 1858. Appointed to the police force March 9, 1886, by Mayor Smith. JOHN A. MURPHY was born in Philadelphia June 4, 1854. Appointed to the police force December 4, 1880, by Mayor Stok- ley. He has made a number of important arrests. JEREMIAH SMITH was born in Philadelphia August 5, 1853. Appointed to the police force June 20, 1884, by Mayor Smith. JOHN F. BARRETT was born in Ireland August 10, 1854. Ap- pointed to the police force by Mayor Stokley January 22, 1880. He has made a number of arrests. JAMES McKELVEY was born in Ireland April i, 1827. He was originally appointed to the police force by Mayor Henry and served several years ; was reappointed by Mayor Stokley. HAINES S. WHITE was born in Chester County, Penn., 37 5^8 THE PHILADELPHIA POLICE, October 5, 1856. Appointed to the police force by Mayor Stok- ley in May, 1880. JAMES K. JOHNSON was born in Cecil County, Maryland, February 9, 1834. Appointed to the police force January i, 1875, by Mayor Stokley. Has made a number of important arrests. ANDREW HOLLANDER was born in New York State June 15, 1851. Appointed to the police force June i, 1884, by Mayor Smith. WILLIAM RICHARDSON was born in Delaware County, Penn., Eebriiary 7, 1835. Enlisted, May 30, 1864, in the ist Reg- iment Pennsylvania Reserves ; re-enlisted in the field, February 4, 1865, in the 190th Regiment Veterans; discharged from the army July 4, 1865 ; reappointed to the police force May 6, 1875, by Mayor Stokley and served until August 3, 1876. Reappointed March 15, 1885, by Mayor Smith. WILLIAM H. GILMORE was born in Philadelphia April 10, 1861. Appointed to the police force February 4, 1885, by Mayor Smith. WILLIAM MARTIN was born in Ireland Decembers, 1844. Appointed to ihe police force February 8, 1882, by Mayor King. MATTHEW MOORE was born in Philadelphia April 9, 1824. He was a watchman in the ante-consolidation days, having been appointed to that position April i, 1848, and has served under mayors Swift, Jones and Gilpin before consolidation, and mayors Henry, Stokley, King and Smith, in all over 24 years. He served through the riots in Philadelphia in 1844, in the State Fencibles; recruited in September, 1862, and served as 2d lieutenant in Com- pany E, 9th Regiment Pennsylvania Volunteers ; assisted to re- cruit Co. D, 203d Regiment Pennsylvania Volunteers, and mustered into service as captain, September 14, 1864. He partici- pated in seven battles during the war and was wounded twice. Discharged from the army June 22, 1865. PETER C. NEEDS was born in Philaddphia August 6, 1852. Appointed to the police force May 19, 1886, by Maj'or Smith. HENRY WHEELER was born in Fairfax County, Virginia, January 10, i860. Appointed to the police force October 6, 1886, by Maj'or Smith. FRANK D. BINGHAM was born in Philadelphia July 24, 1837. He has served in the U. S. Army, and was appointed to the police force October 13, 1886, by Mayor Smith. PAST AND PRESENT. 575 JABEZ B. DAVIS was born in Delaware County, Pennsylvania, January 14, i860. Appointed to the police force November 13, 1886, by Mayor Smith. JOHN WILLIAMS, turnkey, was born in Philadelphia December 23, 1837. Appointed to the police force by Mayor Stokley January i, 1872. SUBSTITUTE PATROLMEN. WILLIAM C. FREASE was born in Philadelphia July 23, 1862. Appointed to the police force by Mayor Smith March 8, 1886. WILLIAM S. TAYLOR was born in Philadelphia March 12, 1853. He has served in the U. S. Army. Appointed to the police force November 13, 1886, by Mayor Smith. WILLIAM ADDISON was born in Philadelphia March 25, 1861. Appointed to the police force November 22, 1886, by Mayor Smith. JAMES BARTLETT was born in Pennsylvania, January 10, 1852. Appointed to the police force January 10, 1887, by Mayor Smith. WILLIAM P. BAILEY was appointed substitute patrolman by Mayor Smith on February 5, 1887. ALONZO V. SWEARINGEN was born in Ohio May 11, 1849. Appointed to the police force by Mayor Stokley in September, 1879, and resigned June 20, 1882. Reappointed by Mayor Smith March 23, 1886. THE TWENTY-SECOND DISTRICT. HENRY WOLF, lieutenant of the Twenty-second District, has been connected with the police force for twelve years, and has, by strict attention to duty and continued meritorious ser- vices, risen from the ranks to his present position. He was born September 2, 1850, in Montgomery County, Pennsylvania, and on November 2, 1874, was appointed a patrolman in the Twenty- second District by Mayor Stokley. After six months' service in that capacity, he was created a special officer in the same district, which position he filled for three years, when he was promoted to sergeant. He made for himself a good record as a detective offi- cer, and in 1882 was transferred to the Central Station detective department. Mayor Smith made him a lieutenant January i, 58o THE PHILADELPHIA POLICE, 1885. During his service as special officer, sergeant, and detec- tive, he made personally, or assisted in making, not less than five hundred arrests, many of them of great importance. In 1876 he succeeded, after several weeks of hard work, in running to cover a trio of notorious burglars, " Reddy " Gamble, John King, and John Davis, who had been concerned in twenty-four burglaries in the Twenty-second District. In 1877 he assisted in the arrest of Harry Coles, the counterfeiter, and during the same year arrested and materially assisted in the conviction of Andrew Boice and Ed. Wright, who are now serving out terms of fifteen years each for a most revolting rape, committed in the Monument Cemetery. He also arrested the same year Bill Cutter and Charles Hughes, alias "Western Charlie,'' notorious safe-blowers. In 1878 he arrested John Lafferty, who received two years in the Eastern Penitentiary for a burglary committed on Brown Street, below Second, and also ran to cover, arrested, and secured the convic- tion of J. L. Wetherhead, a very clever counterfeiter, who received five years in the Eastern Penitentiary. In 1883 he made over one hundred arrests on criminal charges, among which were those of James Timperlake, forger, and John and Joseph Sudors and Jeremiah Wilson, who received two years each in the Eastern Penitentiary for making and selling obscene pictures, large quan- tities of which were seized by the authorities. The Sudors and Wilson had a photograph gallery on Second Street, nearly oppo- site Gothic. Their mode of operation was to entice school girls into their gallery, and by bribes and threats compel them to act as subjects for pictures of the most revolting description. In 1884 he made ninety arrests and secured the -conviction of another circulator of obscene pictures, Thomas Scroggy, who kept a small variety and stationery store on Race Street below Eleventh. During this year he did capital work in exposing the Almshouse frauds, and at Ocean Grove, New Jersey, assisted Detective Miller in arresting and convicting a clever swindler who contracted heavy debts and then set fire to his place of business, alleging thai he had been robbed and that the thieves were also the in- cendiaries. Two notorious receivers of stolen goods, Joseph Pyott and James Bartlett, were also arrested by him the same year. Bartlett was the proprietor of two jewellery stores near Eighth and South streets. He had been known to the police for HENRY AVOLF, Lieutenant of tlie Twenty-aeennil Bistriet. PAST AND PRESENT. 583 years as the keeper of a " fence," but the shrewdest detectives had been unable to secure evidence against him. The Twenty-second District is one of the largest in the city, requiring a sub-station at Ridge Avenue and Queen Lane. It begins on the north side of Montgomery Avenue and extends along the west side of Eleventh Street to Susquehanna Avenue, along Susquehanna Avenue to Germantown Avenue, Germantown Avenue to Germantown line, which is Roberis' Lnne, along Roberts' Lane to Wissahickon Avenue, Wissahickon Avenue to School Lane, School Lane to Ridge Avenue, Ridge Avenue to Montgomery Avenue, and Montgomery Avenue to Eleventh Street. The station-house is on Lehigh Avenue, corner of Park Avenue. It is a beautiful and comfortable building, set back from the street line, and was erected in 1873 at a cost of $29,500. In summer it presents a beautiful appearance, embowered as it is in flowers, among which a fountain gushes and silver and gold fish disport themselves. Seven passenger railway depots are watched by the Twenty- second District officers, and several of the largest factories in the city. During the summer months the police are kept busy look- ing after the revellers who flock in crowds to the Scheutzen, Shusters, Rising Sun, Pastime, and Olympic parks. Several rail- roads cross streets in this district at grade, and fatal accidents are of almost weekly occurrence. During the year 1886, thirty- five persons were reported from the Twenty-second District as losing their lives at grade crossings. A large portion of Lieutenant Wolf's district consists of unim- proved land. A half dozen of the largest cemeteries in the city are within its boundaries, and several communities of squatters and lot-dwellers formerly made this district the terror of the police. Under Lieutenant Wolf's administration the denizens of " Swampoodle," "Dustberg," "Uberville," "Gander Hill," " Goose Town," and " Switzerland," are nearly as peaceable and law-abiding as the dwellers in more pretentious localities. Lieutenant Wolf is a strict disciplinarian, and in consequence has one of the finest bodies of men in the department. He is a hard worker and his men respect him. In his reports to head- quarters he never fails to give them credit for any good service they have performed. Sergeant JAMES McCLURE was born in Philadelphia in 1836. 5^4 THE PHILADELPHIA POLICE, He was appointed a patrolman by Mayor Henry, and made a ser- geant by Mayor Stokley in 1873. He has charge of the sub-station at the Falls of Schuylkill, with nine patrolmen and two house-ser- geants under his command. During his long service he has made many important arrests, and is particularly famous as a detecler of horse thieves. Sergeant JOHN HALLOWELL was born in Philadelphia in 1836. He was appointed a patrolman by Mayor Stokley Novem- ber I, 1874, and was made sergeant in 1877. Sergeant CHARLES EGOLF was born in Germany in 1843. He was appointed a patrolman April i, 1877, by Mayor Stokley. Mayor Smith made him r^ serg'f.ant January 1, 1884. H ' has par- ticularly distinguished h -r el as a faithful officer, and has made many important arrests 01 .nted criminals, the most celebrated of whom was the notorious burglar Billy Forrester, alias Conrad Foltz. House-Sergeant HOWARD R. DARLING is a Philadelphian by birth, and thirty-six years of age. Mayor Smith appointed him to his present position January i, 1885. House-Sergeant EDGAR S. REED was born in Philadelphia and is thirty-eight years of age. He was appointed a patrolman in 1873, and four years later was made a house-sergeant. House-Sergeant SAMUEL KISTER, who is on duty at the sub- station, Falls of Schuylkill, is forty-eight years of age, and a Phila- delphian by birth. He was appointed to his present position by Mayor Stokley January i, 1872. House-Sergeant WHARTON F. LAFFERTY, who is also on duty at the Falls of Schuylkill, was born in Philadelphia and is thirty-six years old. Mayor Stokley appointed him a patrolman January i, 1881, and Mayor Smith promoted him to house-sergeant January i, 1885. GORDON FULTON, special officer, is a Philadelphian by birth and thirty-five years of age. Mayor Stokley appointed him to the force in 1877, and he was made a special officer by Mayor King in 1881. He has made a number of arrests of dangerous crimi- nals. THEODORE VANDERSLICE, special officer, was born in 1848 in Philadelphia, and was appointed to his present position by Mayor Smith January 1, 1886. EDWARD DIVER was born in Philadelphia January 19, 1846. PAST AND PRESENT. 585 He was appointed by Mayor Stokley August 19, 1875. He served two years and four months in tlie U. S. Army. JACOB MILLER was born in Philadelphia July 17, 1827. He was appointed by Mayor Henry April 6, 1862. GEORGE SMITH was born in Ireland May 2. 1856. He was appointed by Mayor Smith October 9, 1884. JOHN THOMPSON was born in Ireland August 25, 1846. He was appointed by Mayor Stokley October 9, 1875, EDMUND FEILEMEYER was born in Philadelphia July 30, 1852. He was appointed by Mayor Smith P^ebruary 12, 1886. WILLIAM H. ASHTON was born in England November 4, 1844. He was appointed by Mayor Stokley February 22, 1875. JOHN SMITH was born in Ireland March 24, 1829. He was appointed by Mayor Stokley January 1, 1874. ADAM ULRICH was born in Philadelphia January 2, 1853. He was appointed by Mayor Stokley May 5, 1876. EDWARD CONDON was born in Philadelphia July 28, 1854. He was appointed by Mayor Stokley January 6, 1878. THEODORE TWESTEN was born in Philadelphia July 31, 1852. He was appointed by Mayor Smith January 5, 1886. He served five years in the army. JOHN RAINEY was born in Philadelphia April 18, 1850. He was appointed by Mayor Stokley January 10, 1875. He is detailed as special officer of the Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Children. CHARLES WILSON was born in Philadelphia April 27, 1841. He was appointed by Mayor Smith January 4, 1886. HARRY WRAY was born in England May 31, 1850. He was appointed by Mayor Stokley June 17, 1877. THOMAS STILES was born in Philadelphia September 20, 1850. He was appointed by Mayor Stokley March 9, 1880. JOHN JOHNSON was born in Philadelphia April 16, 1844. He was appointed by Mayor Stokley June 30, 1874. He served three years in the army. ARNOLD FULMER was born in Philadelphia July 25, 1854. He was appointed by Mayor Stokley February 13, 1879. THOMAS WALLAN was born in Philadelphia August 19, 1841. He was appointed by Mayor Stokley April 8, 1872. JOHN E. SMITH was born in Philadelphia July 6, 1855. He S86 THE PHILADELPHIA POLIC?:, was appointed by Mayor Smith November 21, 1884. He served three years in the U. S. Navy. THOMAS M. SMITH was born in England May 20, 1845. He was appointed by Mayor Stokley April 9. 1872. He served three years and eight months in the United States Army. JOHN MILLER was born in Philadelphia March 21, 1823. He was appointed by Mayor Stokley February 2, 1872. JACOB BARRINGER was born in Bucks County, I'a., October 20, 1832. He was appointed by Mayor Stokley December 8, 1873- JACOB BEESLEY was born in Philadelphia January 12, 1850. He was appointed by Mayor Smith May 24, 1884. ROBERT CHAMBERS was born in Philadelphia May 2. 1852. He was appointed by Mayor Smith January 5, 1886. WILLIAM HOOPES was born in Philadelphia August 24, 1856. He was appointed by Mayor Stokley May i, 1880. BENJAMIN C. SMITH was born in Camden, N. J., Decem- ber 14, 1849. He was appointed by Mayor Smith January 6, 1885. ALEXANDER BOYD was born in Philadelphia February 18, 1840. He was appointed by Mayor Stokley September 20, 1874. He served in the U. S. Army four years and a half. JOSEPH SNYDER was born in Philadelphia May 24, 1856. He was appointed by Mayor Smith May 28, 1884. JOHN KEYSER was born in Philadelphia November 30, 1830. He entered the department under Mayor Vaux June i, 1856. THEODORE JEFFERS was born in Philadelphia March 9, 1847. He was appointed by Mayor Smith June 10, 1884. JACOB BLATTAU was born in Philadelphia May 3, 1856. He was appointed by Mayor King January 2, 1882. HENRY MYERS was born in Philadelphia February 2, 1850. He was appointed by Mayor Stokley June 15, 1879. GEORGE McNEELY was born in Philadelphia July 31, 1838. He was appointed by Mayor Stokley September 4, 1872. He served three years in the U. S. Army. WILLIAM KASSEL was born in New York, March 25, 1852. He was appointed by Mayor Smith February 15, i886. JOSEPH RICE was born in Philadelphia October 6, 1844. He was appointed by Mayor Stokley December 28, 1878. He served twelve years in the army. PAST AND PRESENT. 587 DAVID TIMMINS was born in Philadelphia January 2, 1853. He was appointed by Mayor Smith May 6, 1884. GEORGE ZANDERS was born in Philadelphia May 10, 1847. He was appointed by Mayor Stokley December 20, 1880. SAMUEL RUSK was born in Philadelphia September 24, 1853. He was appointed by Mayor Smith January 4, 1886. WILLIAM SAYRES was born in Philadelphia J'.ilyg, 1850. He was appointed by Mayor Smith March C, 1886. SAMUEL ATTMORE was born in Philadelphia December i, 1844. He was appointed by Mayor King, June 10, 1882. He served three years in the U. S. 7\rmy, AMOS CASEY was born in Pliiladelphia December 2G, 1844. He was appointed by Mayor Stokley January 1, 1872. JAMES PALMER was born in England November 5, 1844. 'He was appointed January i, 1875, by Mayor Stokley. He served three years and four months in the U. S. Navy. FURGUS PEEL was born in England October 15, 1841. He was appointed by Mayor Smith May 27, 1884. He served in the U. S. Army four years and three months. GEORGE FISHER, turnkey, was born in Montgomery Co., Pa., March 19, 1854. He was appointed by Mayor Smith April 24, 1886. SUBSTITUTE PATROLMEN. FREDERICK HENNINGER was born on August 22, 1852. He was appointed by Mayor Smith April 30, 1886. HARRY HORROCK was born in Delaware Co., Pa., August 5, 1862. He was appointed by Mayor Smith May 26, 1886. MAYBERY FISHER was born in Berks Co., Pa., February 24, 1843. He was appointed by Mayor Smith November 15, 1886. HENRY GOOD was born in Lancaster, Pa., March 28, 1843. He was appointed by Mayor Smith December 6, 1886. WILLIAM T. SNYDER was born in Philadelphia in 1842. He has served in the U. S. Army. He was appointed a substitute patrolman by Mayor Smith on January 29, 1887. THE TWENTY-THIRD DISTRICT. EDWARD M. LYONS, lieutenant of the Twenty-third District, was born at Chester, Delaware County, Pennsylvania, May 9, 1842. He enlisted on the 19th day of April, 1861, for three months in the jS8 THE PHILADELPHIA POLICE, Ninth Pennsylvania Volunteers, and at the expiration of his term of service re-enlisted in the Ninety-fifth Pennsylvan-a Volunteers for three years. He was wounded at Crampton Pass, ij^uth Mountain, September 14, 1862. On February 27, 1875, he was appointed a patrolman by Mayor Stokley, and served continuously until Decem- ber 26, 1882, when he resigned to take the position of court deputy under Sheriff Keim. On April i, 1883, he was made lieu- tenant of the Twenty-third District by Mayor Smith. During his connection with the police force he has made many important ar- rests, prominent among which are those of Eli and Samuel Dili for horse stealing January 22, 1876 ; William H. Furlong, a noted burglar, May 15, 1876, who was also indicted for assault and bat- tery with intent to kill, and committed to prison in default of $10,500 bail and Charles Olten, alias " Raymond " on the charges of assault and battery with intent to kill, and passing counterfeit money. Olten was convicted and sentenced to five years and six months in the Eastern Penitentiary. On the afternoon of Saturday, February 19, 1887, the Twenty- third District Station-House was the scene of an occurrence which narrowly escaped being a tragedy, and which gave Lieutenant Lyons an opportunity to display his in dornitable pluck and bravery. On the day named John T. Maclntyre. an ex-police officer, at that time under suspension by his lieutenant for violation of an order, entered the station-house crazed with Jiquor. At the sergeant's desk sat Officer Archibald Griffith, of the Ninth District, who was acting as house-sergeant in the place of Sergeant Flinn; who was absent on account of illness. In chairs in the room were seated Substitute Officer Lewis Carpenter ai .d Officer Albert Hart. When Maclntyre entered, he walked across the room to the pistol rack, and without speaking a word, tore it open. Before the other occupants of the room were aware of his movements he was facing the sergeant with a revolver in each hand. " I'm going to give it to you, old bo}'," he said, as he shot at Griffith. " And to you, too," turning his weapons upon Carpenter and Hart without waiting to see whether or not his first shot, aimed at Griffith, had taken effect. Fortunately the rum-crazed man's aim was at fault and the three officers escaped from the room un- hurt. After the room had been cleared Maclntyre continued firing. Lieutenant Lyons had been present at noon roll-call of the E. M. LYONS, Lieutenant (if tlie Twentv-third District. PAST AND PRESENT. jg, officers, and had left the station-house for his home. He was seated at dinner when Officer Carpenter breathlessly rushed into his house and reported the occurrence. Lieutenant Lyons hastened to the station-house, borrowing a revolver from an officer whom he met on his way there. He entered the building from the alleyway on the west side, leading directly to the door of the front stairway. In the mean time Maclntyre had taken all the revolvers out of the rack, stuflfed six of them into his pockets and under his trousers' belt, piled up on the sergeant's desk the weapons which he had discharged and six others, and stood out in the room, a little to the south and east of the doorway which Lieutenant Lyons was ap- proaching. Maclntyre stood looking toward the door with a re- volver in each hand. Before entering, the lieutenant called out, "John!" Maclntyre recognized the voice, but when he sang out, " Look out, you ! Come in here and I'll fix you ! " Lieutenant Lyons sprang forward. His sudden appearance disconcerted Mac- Intyre's aim, and the ball which he sent toward the lieutenant passed harmlessly by his head and buried itself in the door jamb. He fired a second shot from the revolver which he held in his left hand, but it sped far wide of its mark, burying itself in the doorway to the cell-room. The sound of Maclntyre's second shot was almost coincidem with that from the explosion of the cartridge in Lieutenant Lyons' pistol, which, however, failed to hit Maclntyre. His second attempt was more successful, the ball passing through the maddened man's forearm. The sting of the bullet brought Maclntyre to the floor as if he were dead, and he was secured and removed to the German Hospital, where it was found that the wound was not serious. He was given a hearing before a magis- trate on February 21, and committed for trial in default of bail. An examination of the roll-room revealed the marks of thirty-eight bullets. Lieutenant Lyons was highly commended for his cool- ness and bravery in the transaction. The district station-house is located on Jefferson Street above Twentieth. The district extends from Poplar Street to Mont- gomery Avenue, and from Broad Street to Thirty-third Street. Girard College, the Girls' House of Refuge, the German Hospital, St. Joseph's Hospital, the Home of the Little Sisters of the Poor, the Women's Hospital and College, the Church of the Jesu and the Wagner Free Institute are among the prominent public insti- 592 THE PHILADELPHIA POLICE, tutions in this district. " Brewery Town," in which are the Bei- gner&Engel, the Baltz, and Muller's extensive breweries, is also within its limits. Sergeant JOHN H. NORBURY was born in Philadelphia on November 26, 1834. He entered the department on January 1, 1872, when Mayor Stokley appointed him as sergeant. He has served continuously since under mayors King and Smith. He has made a number of important arrests, chiefly for the crime of robbery. Sergeant ERIE H. WATSON was born at New Castle, Dela- ware, on February 21, 1851. He entered the police service under Mayor Smith on January g, 1886, and was promoted to sergeant on February 11, 1886. House-Sergeant CHARLES PETERSON was born in Philadel- phia on March 14, 1848. He entered the department under Mayor Stokley on April 25, 1876, and has been in continuous service since. He was promoted to house-sergeant on April 15, 1885, by Mayor Smith. House-Sergeant THOMAS L. FLINN was born in Philadelphia on December 3, 1844. He left the employ of the Government as a letter carrier to accept the position of house-sergeant, to which he was appointed by Mayor Stokley in January, 1875. He was re- moved by Mayor Smith on May 12, 1885, and was reappointed by him on January i, 1886. He served in the army and was wounded at the battle of Spottsylvania Court House. JOHN N. CARPENTER, special officer, was born in Philadel- phia July 30, 1842. He was appointed to the police force by Mayor Fox as a patrolman January 20', 187 1, and was detailed as special officer in July of the same year. He has served in that capacity since, and has done good service in his district, and a great many dangerous criminals owe to his vigilance terms in the penitentiary ranging from one to eight years. He arrested and broke up the gangs to which they belonged, John Baker, James Adams, Frank Moran, and " Doc " Wood ; John Weldon, Edward Carroll, and George McGugan, burglars and house breakers ; Charles Hat- field, John Blake and George Miller, professional house thieves. Another gang, consisting of Martin Lafferty, William Ralston and Thomas Nolan, and the " receiver," George Lennox, was broken up by Officer Carpenter, $3000 worth of stolen goods was re- covered, ^nd the members of the gang were sent to the peniten- PAST AND PRESENT. ^g^ tiary for seven years. Among the other criminals of note who owe terms in prison to Officer Carpenter are William Furlong, burglar; Robert Ross, James Boyle and Hiram Garrett, pickpock- ets; Robert Miller, sneak thief; James Riley, James Kelly and Andrew Smith, pickpockets ; James Gilmore, Fred Smith and James Montgomery, burglars ; Tilly Carter and Kate Mclntire, " servant thieves; " Bernard Riley, James Moore and Augustus Heyburne, thieves ; Robert Wilson, Henry Jones and John Brady, danger- ous pickpockets ; William Stout and William Edwards, Robert Hackett, James Martin, Harvey Smith, George Eaton and John Murphy, thieves ; Joseph Wagner and Joseph Lex, burglars ; E. Frances, house robber; John Barry and Henry L. Williams, burg- lars, and a number of other criminals of greater or less prominence, each of whom served terms of imprisonment for his crimes. JOHN F. HILL was born in Delaware Co., Pa., November 2, 1839. He entered the department March 21, 1886. He served four years in the U. S. Army. PETER M. COX was born in Philadelphia June 30, 1827. He entered the department on March i, 1872, under Mayor Stokley. He served one year in the U. S. Army. He has made a number of arrests of thieves, pickpockets and burglars. GEORGE ELFREY was born in Philadelphia on May 25, 1839. He entered the department under Mayor Stokley on January i, 1872 ; resigned April 5, i88o, and was reappointed by Mayor Stokley on August 7, 1880. JAMES STILES was born in Philadelphia January 29, 1835. He entered the force under Mayor Stokley, August 14, 1875 ! ^^' signed November 14, 1879, and was reappointed by Mayor Smith May 23, 1884. LEWIS J. WHEELER was born in Philadelphia on January 14, 1845. He was appointed by Mayor Stokley on June 22, 1874. He served six years in the U. S. Army. JOHN A. WHARTON was born in Philadelphia March 19, 1843. He was appointed by Mayor Stokley February 10, 1872 ; resigned June 24, 1873, and was reappointed on February i, 1880, by Mayor Stokley. CHARLES HUMES was born in Bucks County, January 27, 1847. He was appointed by Mayor Smith May 15, 1884 ; resigned August II, 1885, and was reappointed January 19, 1886. He has served in the U. S. Army. 38 554 THE PHILADELPHIA POLICE, WILLIAM McGregor was born in Lewisburg, Pa., March 2, 1858. He was appointed by Mayor King December 3, 1881 ; resigned May 23, 1884, and was reappointed by Mayor Smith Jan- uary 24, 1886. MOSES CLEMENTS was born in Philadelphia on Decem- ber 12, 1842. He was appointed to the police force on June 9, 1873, by Mayor Stokley, and has served continuously since. SAMUEL McCORKLE was born in Philadelphia June 26, 1832. He was appointed by Mayor Stokley June 7, 1879. GEORGE W. SHARP was born in Philadelphia March 7, 1844. He was appointed by Mayor Stokley on July 23, 1875. THOMAS G. JOHNSTON was born in Philadelphia Novem- ber 10, 1844. He was appointed by Mayor Stokley in May, 1876. He has served in the U. S. Army. THOMAS J. PARKER was born February 14, 1839. He was appointed by Mayor McMichael in May, i86g ; resigned after serving six months under Mayor Fox. Mayor Stokley reap- pointed him January i, 1872. EBER T. MERCER was born in Chester Co.. Pa., January 10, 1835. He was appointed by Mayor Stokley, January i, 1875. He has served three years in the U. S. Army. THOMAS P, PLUMER was born in Cheltenham, Pa., Decem- ber 16, 1851. He was appointed by Mayor Stokley, January 2, 1880. He has made a number of important arrests, among them William Haggerty, alias Bill Edwards, a notorious sneak thief. DANIEL S. ELLIOTT was born in Ireland October 13, 1830. He was appointed by Mayor King December 3, 1881. JOHN BOEHM was born in Philadelphia December 12, 1849. He was appointed by Mayor Stokley March 10, 1875. He ar- rested Fred Ames, alias Bennett, a thief. JOHN R. JOHNSON was born in Bucks Co., Pa., February 28, 1830. He entered the department under Mayor Henry October 20, 1862, and served until June 5, 1869, when he resigned. Mayor Stokley reappointed him January i, 1872. MARTIN V. BROWN was born in Philadelphia February 9, 1840. He was appointed by Mayor Stokley November 4, 1875, as a Reserve. He was promoted to sergeant of the Seventh Dis- trict, April I, 1876; resigned April 21, 1880, and was reappointed by Mayor Smith in May, 1885. He has served in the U. S. Army. PAST AND PRESENT. c,gK, BENJAMIN F. HYNES was born in Maryland July 2, 1834. He was appointed May 23, 1884, by Mayor Smith ; resigned July 10, 1885 ; reappointed January 19, 1886. WILLIAM H. VANRODEN was born at Newark, N. J., December 11, 1855. He was appointed by Mayor Smith in November, 1884. GEORGE McFARLAND was born in Philadelphia November S, 1842. He entered the department February 9, 1886, under Mayor Smith. He served three years and four months in the U. S. Navy. THOMAS WOOLWORTH was born in Philadelphia May 4, 1849. He was appomted by Mayor Smith May 23, 1884. He has served in the U. S. Marine Corps. WILLIAM CRAIG was born in Philadelphia March 2, 1851. He was appointed by Mayor Stokley July 22, 1875. He has made a number of important arrests. WILLIAM L. GODWIN was born in Philadelphia October 14, 1844. He became a patrolman under Mayor McMichael, and served one year as a special officer. He resigned in June, 1868, but re-entered the department under Mayor Smith April 16, 1886. He served five years in the U. S. Navy. EDWARD COLSHER was born in Philadelphia October 11, 1837. He entered the department under Mayor Stokley in 1872. HENRY BROWER was born in Philadelphia December 5, 1843. He entered the department January i, 1872, under Mayor Stokley ; resigned February 18, 1879, to take a position as fore- man in the fire department. He was reappointed by Mayor King December 26, 1882. He has arrested a number of crimi- nals for various crimes. He served two years in the U. S. Army. EDWIN S. BEERS was born in Philadelphia August 21, 1852. He was appointed to the force October 6, 1879, by Mayor Stokley. DANIEL MURRAY was born in Philadelphia August 16, 1841. He was appointed by Mayor Stokley June i, 1873. Among the important arrests he has made was Christ. Grover, a burglar. OVENTON HOWARD was born in Philadelphia April 29, 1839. He was appointed by Mayor Henry in March, 1862 ; resigned in June, 1869 ; was reappointed January i, 1872 ; re- signed April 5, 1880, and was reappointed by Mayor Smith De- cember 16, 1884. He has served in the U. S. Army. 59^ THE PHILADELPHIA POLICE, JACOB W. MOWER was born in Philadelphia February i, 1852. He was appointed by Mayor King April 10, 1882. ALBERT A. HART was born in Philadelphia on October 25, 1850. He was appointed by Mayor Slokley, September i, 1874 ; resigned June 26, 1882, and was reappointed by Mayor Smith, May 24, 1884. WILLIAM H. SMYTH was born in 1845. He was appointed by Mayor Slokley September 11, 1877 ; resigned January i, 1879, and was reappointed by Mayor King on July 7, 1882. On Sep- tember 2, 1884, he arrested Milton Wilson, a negro, for a murder committed in Maryland. SAMUEL R. HANNUM was born in Philadelphia May 31, 1846. He entered the department under Mayor Stokley March I, 1872. MARK LEEDS was born in Atlantic County, New Jersey, August 3, 1832. He entered the department under Mayor Stok- ley in October, 1879. He served three years in the U. S. Army. ALEX. H. FREEMAN was born in Philadelphia April 16, 1841. He entered the department under Mayor Smith January 21, 1886. He served in the U. S. Army and was raised to the rank of brevet captain for gallant conduct in action. WILLIAM BABE was born August 26, 1826. He entered the department under Mayor Conrad in June, 1854,- and served under mayors Henry and McMichael. He was reappointed in June, 1884, by Mayor Smith. He served in the Mexican War and in the late war from June, 1861, to November, 1865. ISAIAH E. TURNER was born in Philadelphia February 18, 1855. He was appointed May 1, 1880, by Mayor Stokley, and after a short absence from the force was reappointed by Mayor Smith March 11, 1886. RICHARD C. CARPENTER was born in Philadelphia April 18, 1851. He was appointed by Mayor Smith January 19, 1886. JOHN N. BITTING was born in Philadelphia November 17, 1851. He entered the department under Mayor Stokley May 6, 1876 ; resigned Februar}' 20, 1884, and became special officer of the Pennsylvania Railroad Company. Was reappointed by Mayor Smith June 16, 1886. WILLIAM H. CHUTE was born November 16, 1854. He was appointed by Mayor Smith January 9, 1886. JOSEPH H. HALLOWELL was born in Philadelphia August PAST AND PRESENT. 597 30, 1846 ; appointed to the police force October 14, 1886, by Mayor Smith. ROBERT BROWN, turnkey, v.'tls born in Delaware County, September 28, 1841. He was appointed by Mayor Stokley Octo- ber 12, 1873. SUBSTITUTE PATROLMEN. JOHN E. CRAIG was born in Philadelphia February 17, 1850; appointed to the police force December 5, 1878, by Mayor Stokley ; resigned March 25, 1880; reappointed by Mayor Smith June 8, 1884, and again resigned June 16, 1885. He received his third appointment to the force as a substitute at the hands of Mayor Smith November 22, 1886. NAPOLEON A. VACHE was born in Brooklyn, New York, July 12, 1858; appointed to the police force as a substitute November 22, 1886, by Mayor Smith. LEWIS F. CARPENTER was born in Philadelphia April 10, 1853. He was first appointed to the police force November 10, 1879, by Mayor Stokley and served until May 26, 1884 ; was reappointed as a substitute patrolman by Mayor Smith October 15, 1886. JOHN F. STILES was born in Philadelphia May 21, 1857. Appointed to the police force as a substitute patrolman October 22, 1886, by Mayor Smith. LEWIS D. WHITE was born in Philadelphia March 28, 1858. Appointed to the police force as a substitute patrolman Decem- ber 21, 1886, by Mayor Smith. 598 THE PHILADELPHIA POLICE, CHAPTER XXIV. The Body of the Force — {Continued). TWENTY-FOURTH AND TWENTY-FIFTH DISTRICTS.— LIEU- TENANT CLASE AND HIS LARGE DISTRICT. — CHIEF SHED- DEN OF THE EQUIPMENT BUREAU. — MESSAGE CLERK GORDON. — SERGEANTS REED, CREALMAN, ENDERS, BUR- GIN, HARMER, CHADWICK, CUMMINGS, CRAIGHEAD AND WEISS. — SPECIAL OFFICER CRUPP. — RECORDS OF THE MEN. — LIEUTENANT PATTERSON AND THE NEW TWEN- TY-FIFTH. — PATROL STATION NO. 6. — SERGEANTS DAL- LAS, BUCHANAN, LEWIS, MACTAGUE AND O'DONNEL. — PATROL SERGEANTS DAVIS AND CHARLTON.— THE SHOOTING OF SALOON-KEEPER TAMANY BY SAILOR SULLIVAN.— RECORDS OF THE MEN. THE TWENTY-FOURTH DISTRICT. SAMUEL CLASE, lieutenant of the Twenty-fourth District, was born in the county of Devonshire, England, November 29, 1839. He came to this country early in life, and learned the sail- making trade. He was engaged in that business in the building in which he first started, for twenty years. He was appointed lieutenant of the Twenty-fourth District by Mayor Smith January 18, 1886. During this short term of service a number of impor- tant arrests have been made in his district by the officers under his direction, notable among which were Charles Smith and George Collins, house-breakers, March 19 ; Charles Archibald, manslaughter, May 15 ; Lewis Baker, burglar, July 19 ; Richard McGrath, burglar, August 29 ; Richard Kehoe, for murder, Au- gust 29 ; George Whittico, horse-thief, September 25 ; Charles H. Skirm, horse-thief, October 19, and John J. Coates, for rape, Oc- tober 29. The main station-house is at the south-west corner of Belgrade and Clearfield streets. Connected with it are two sub- SAMUEL CLASE. Lieutenant of tlie T^vent^■-fllnl•th District. FAST AND PRESENT. 60 j Stations, one at No. 3883 Germantown Avenue, Nicetown, and one corner of Richmond and Kirkbride streets, Bridesburg. This dis- trict is one of the largest, extending from the Delaware River at Lehigh Avenue, along Lehigh Avenue to Germantown Avenue, to the line of the Twenty-second Ward, to Frankford Creek, along Frankford Creek to the Delaware River to the place of beginning, including in its boundaries over ten square miles. The North Philadelphia drove yard, the Simes storage warehouse, the Philadelphia Grain Elevator Company, the Twenty-fifth Ward gas works, Baeder, Adamson & Co.'s great glue factories, several large fertilizer and phosphate manufactories, planing mills, car- pet factories, hosiery mills, cordage factories, chemical works, dye houses, oil-cloth works, shoddy mills, breweries, iron foundries and Balfour's great paper mill, where most of the paper used by the Government for printing internal revenue and postage stamps is made, are within the limits of the Twenty-fourth District. JOHN SHEDDEN, chief of the Equipment Bureau, is on the rolls of the 24th District. He was born in Scotland and was ap- pointed to his present position in the department by Mayor Smith in April, 1884. GEORGE F. GORDON, message clerk to Mayor Smith, is also on the roll of the 24th District. He was born in Philadel- phia and was appointed warrant clerk by Mayor King in April, 1881. He served in that position under Mayor King, and upon Mayor Smith's inauguration he was tendered the appointment of message clerk. RICHARD F. GREEN, messenger at the Equipment Bureau, was born in Ireland and was appointed by Mayor Smith. The headquarters of the Equipment Bureau are located at the Fourth District Station-House on Fifth Street, above Race. Sergeant JOHN REED was born at Waterford, Ireland, No- vember 18, 1843. He entered the department under Mayor Mc- Michael in 1867. He resigned when Mayor Fox was inaugurated in 1869, and was reappointed by Mayor Stokley October 25, 1875. He was on special duty in the district for some years and was connected with many important captures in homicide, burglary, highway robbery and other cases. He served four years in the army, and was wounded at the battle of Antietam. He was pro- moted to sergeant by Mayor Smith May i, 1884. He was act- 6o2 THE PHILADELPHIA POLICE, ing lieutenant of the district for seven months in 1885, during a vacancy. Sergeant HAZLET CREALMAN was born in Philadelphia December i, 1855. He was appomted to the police force as a pa- trolman by Mayor Stokley March 17, 1879, and was promoted to sergeant by Mayor Smith May i, 1884. He arrested Arthur Bur- dock, and " Falso " Murphy, burglars, and a number of other criminals of less note, all of whom were sent to prison for their offences. Sergeant HENRY ENDERS was born in Philadelphia Octo- ber II, 1845. He was appointed to the police force by Mayor Stokley January i, 1875, and promoted to sergeant April i, 1878, and placed in charge of the Nicetown sub-station. He served one year in the U. S. Army. Sergeant ALBERT BQRGIN was born in Germany in April, 1843. -^^ w^s appointed to the police force as a patrolman by Mayor Smith in May, 1884, and made sergeant of Bridesburg sub- station in December, 1886. He served four years in the U. S. Army, and was wounded. He has made a number of important arrests. House-Sergeant WILLIAM L. HARMER was born in Philadel- phia April 5, 1845. He entered the department as patrolman March 13, 1879, under Mayor Stokley, and was promoted to house- sergeant by Mayor Stokley March 8, 1881. He served three years in the U. S. Army. House-Sergeant WILLIAM B. CHADWICK was bom in Philadelphia November ig, 1845. He was appointed telegraph operator under Mayor McMichael in June, 1867, and has con- tinued in the service since. He served three years in the U. S. Army and was wounded in June, 1864. House-Sergeant JAMES CUMMINGS was born in Philadel- phia December 10, 1855. He was made house-sergeant by Mayor Smith May 2, 1884, and was assigned to duty at the Bridesburg sub-station. House-Sergeant ALFRED CRAIGHEAD was born in Phil- adelphia January 3, 1845. He was appointed house-sergeant by Mayor Stokley May i, 1875, and assigned to the Delaware Har- bor Police Station. He was transferred to the Nicetown sub-sta- tion September i, 1878. He served three years in the U. S. Army. PAST AND PRESENT. 603 House-Sergeant GEORGE W. WEISS was born in Germany June 23, 1830. He was appointed to the police [orce by Mayor Stokiey in April, 1879 ; was discharged by Mayor King and re- turned to the department under Mayor Smith in September, 1884, as patrolman. He was promoted by Mayor Smith to sergeant, and transferred to the Bridesburg sub-station in 1886. He has served in the U. S. Arm)'. EDWARD CRUPP, special officer, was born in Ohio March i, 1858. He was appointed to the police force by Mayor Smitli March 24, 1886, and assigned to duty as special officer of the Twenty-fourth District. JOHN L. HARPER was born in Philadelphia in 1851. He was appointed to the police force by Mayor Smith on October 25, J 886. CHARLES HOLLAND was born in Ireland in 1853. He was appointed to the police force by Mayor Smith on September 11, 1886. GEORGE W. PERRY was born in Delaware in 1843. He was appointed to the police force by Mayor Smith on September 11, 1886. WILLIAM BLUMHARDT was born in Philadelphia October 5, 1856. He was appointed patrolman April 6, 1885, by Mayor Smith. EDWARD RITTENHOUSE was born in Philadelphia in Sep- tember, 1857. He was appointed to the force by Mayor Smith January 29, 1886. JOHN SCHMIDT was born in Philadelphia October 18, 1856. He was appointed by Mayor Smith October 18, 1884. THEODORE FLOOD was born in Philadelphia February 23, 1841. He was appointed by Mayor Stokiey in April, 1872, and has served since. He captured William Delaney who murdered Captain Lawrence at Cow Bay, Long Island. Delaney was hanged for the crime. CHARLES WOLFE was born in Philadelphia December 26, 1853. He was appointed by Mayor Smith May 31, 1884. EDWARD FLOOD was born in Philadelphia April 19, 1844. He was appointed by Mayor Stokiey in November, 1874, resigned April 14, 1879; was reappointed by Mayor Smith June 4, 1884. JOHN DOWNING was born in Philadelphia. He was ap- pointed by Mayor Stokiey May 10, 1876. He was made special 6o4 THE PHILADELPHIA POLICE, officer of the district by Mayor King April j, 1882, and while act- ing in that capacity he arrested a large number of dangerous criminals, including murderers, burglars, and highway robbers. ELLIS GASKILL was born at Stockport, England, February S, 1852. He was appointed by Mayor Smith May 26, 1884. CHARLES C. TUSTIN was born in Philadelphia May 7, 1836. He was appointed by Mayor Stokley in February, 1872. He has a record of having saved a number of persons from drown- ing, and has also made a number of arrests. JOHN BLACK was born in Philadelphia April 22, 1842. He was appointed by Mayor Smith in May, 1884. He served three years in the U. S. Army. JOHN PALMER was born in England in 1841. He entered the department under Mayor Stokley January i, 1872. CHARLES .'VIKENS was born in Ireland July i, 1843. He was appointed to the force by Mayor Smith June 14, 1884. A. M. JOHNSTON was born in Philadelphia in 1859. He was appointed to the force by Mayor Smith May 14, 1884. LEWIS A. HASPEL, special officer, was born in Philadelphia July 15, 1853. He was made special officer of the district by Mayor Smith April 16, 1886. JOSEPH PAUL was born in Philadelphia November 27, 1850. He was appointed by Mayor Stokley October 23, 1875. JOHN UICKEL was born in Philadelphia April 3, 1836. He was appointed by Mayor Stokley August 15, 1875. He has served in the U. S. Army. JOHN BLOOMER was born in Philadelphia June 18, 1858. He was appointed by Mayor Smith April 7, 1885. JAMES B. CREIGHTON was born in Philadelphia February 22, 1857. He was appointed by Mayor Smith in May, 1884. SAMUEL EAKENS was born in Ireland in 1829. He was ap- pointed by Mayor Henry and served until the inauguration of Mayor Fox. He was reappointed by Mayor Stokley in 1872, and has retained his position since. He has served nineteen years. He was shot and seriously wounded at midnight, June 17, 1872, while in the discharge of his duty. FREDERICK SCHWARTZ was born in Germany January 7, 1842. He was appointed by Mayor Smith June 28, 1884. He served in the U. S. Army. PAST AND PRESENT. 60- ROBERT W. KINCADE was born m Philadelphia October 10, 1855. He was appointed by Mayor Smith May 19, 1884. BENJAMIN F. EASTBURN was born at Bristol, Pa., June 5, 1848. He was appointed by Mayor Stokley January 5, 1880. He arrested John Irwin, a thief. SAMUEL B. LUKENS was born in Montgomery Co., Pa., November 28, 1853. He was appointed by Mayor Stokley in February, 1876 ; resigned October 16, 1881, and was reappointed by Mayor Smith June 19, 1884. JOHN P. NECE was born in Philadelphia August 15, 1842. He was appointed by Mayor Stokley September 25, 1878. He arrested James Lyons for attempted murder ; Peter Keariis for an attempt to kill a police officer, and James McFadden for the mur- der of his uncle, Bernard McCoUum. Nece served three years in the U. S. Army with the rank of sergeant. CHARLES A. SANDERS was born in Philadelphia December 28, 1846. He was appointed by Mayor .Smith June 24, 1884. He served in the U. S. Army. JOHN WILSON was born in Philadelphia February 27, 1846. He was appointed by Mayor Smith May 23, 1884. GEORGE MAWHINNEY was born in Ireland December 25, 1846. He was appointed by Mayor Stokley June i, 1875, and served four years. On May 21, 1884, he was reappointed by Mayor Smith. LEWIS MAKIN was born in Philadelphia March 17, 1848. He was appointed by Mayor Stokley May 3, 1876. JOHN EASTERDAY was born in Philadelphia February 28, 1844. He was appointed by Mayor Stokley September 28, 1874. ROBERT LIGGETT was born in Philadelphia October 25, 1851. He was appointed by Mayor Smith in June, 1884. JAMES C. PAUL was born in Philadelphia August 30, 1855. He was appointed by Mayor Smith May 26, 1884. WILLIAM McCLINTOCK was born October 3, 1855. He was appointed by Mayor Smith May 31, 1884. CHARLES F. STROUSE was born in Philadelphia August 21, 1834. He was appointed January i, 1876, by Mayor Stokley. He served in the U. S. Army. For six years he was on duty on the river front and rescued ten persons from drowning and recovered the bodies of thirteen drowned people. CHARLES R. CROSTA was born in Philadelphia December 6o6 THE PHILADELPHIA POLICE, 28, 1854. He was appointed by Maj'or Smith May 26, 1884. He served in the U. S. Army. HUGH PATTON was born in Ireland June 18, 1842. He was appointed by Mayor Stokley January i, 1875. He was detailed as sergeant of the district during a vacancy from June 8, 1885, to January 18, 1886. GEORGE W. JOHNSON was born in Philadelphia February 12, 1843. He was appointed by Mayor Stokley May 10, 1876; resigned March 12, 1881 ; was reappointed by Mayor Smith in September, 1884. He served in the U. S. Army. LEWIS BETZOLU was born in Philadelphia February 23, 1852. He was appointed by Mayor Stokley January i, 1875. WILLIAM H. KRIMMEL was born in Philadelphia on July I, 1858. He was appointed by Mayor Smith November 17, 1884. THOMAS McCONNELL was born in Philadelphia on May 5, 1858. He was made a patrolman by Mayor Smith on June 19, 1884. JOHN T. EHRESMAN was born November 3, 1859. He was appointed by Mayor King in October, 1881. He was out of the department for a while and was reappointed by Mayor Smith in May, 1884. He arrested Joseph Irwin, Charles Buchannan and one McBride, John McDonald and Arthur Burdick, burglars. WILLIAM H. MOORE was born in New Jersey, September 21, 1842. He was appointed by Mayor Stokley January i, 1872. ROBERT CREIGHTON was born in Ireland July 15. 1837. He was appointed by Mayor McMichael in 1866 ; was dismissed by Mayor Fox in 1869, and was reappointed by Mayor Stokley January, 1872. He served in the U. S. Army. He arrested An- drew Gegin and Charles Sturm, horse thieves. CHARLES W. MILLER was born in Philadelphia Decem- ber 24, 1848. He was appointed in June, 1884, by Mayor Smith. THEODORE F. WEYSER was born in Philadelphia February 17, 1837. He was appointed by Mayor Smith February 10, 1886. He served in the U. S. Army. ELI K. WORTHLINE was born in Philadelphia August 17, 1844. He was appointed by Mayor Smith February i, 1886. He served in the U. S. Navy. PAST AND PRESENT. 607 JOHN STARTS was born in New Jersey in 185 1. He was appointed by Mayor Smith April 6, 1885. WILLIAM TREFTS was born in Philadelpliia March 7, 1844, He was appointed by Mayor Smith May 30, 1884. He served in the U. S. Army and was wounded at the battles of Petersburg and Spottsylvania. LOUIS SIMONS was born in Germany March 4, 1848. He was appointed June 1, 1884, by Mayor. Smith. He served in the U. S. Army. JAMES KITCHENMAN was born in Philadelphia January 5, 1856. He was appointed by Mayor Smith May 1, i886. JOHN RHODES, turnkey, was born in New Jersey March 9, 1823. He was appointed by Mayor Stokley January i, 1872. SUBSTITUTE PATROLMEN. LEWIS BOSSLEY was born in Philadelphia and is thirty years of age. He was appointed a substitute patrolman by Mayor Smith on October 21, 1886. He served in the U. S. Navy. RICHARD WILBEY was born in Philadelphia and is thirty years old. He was appointed a substitute patrolman by Mayor Smith on May i, 1886. THOMAS JAMISON was born in Philadelphia and is forty years of age. He served four years in the U. S. Army. He was appointed a substitute patrolman by Mayor Smith on January 17, 1887. SAMUEL HOYLE was born in England and is thirty-five years of age. He was appointed a substitute patrolman by Mayor Smith Januaiy 18, 1887. THE TWENTY-FIFTH DISTRICT. JOHN B. PATTERSON, lieutenant of the Twenty-fifth Police District, was born in New Castle County, Delaware, on May 13, 1847. He came to Philadelphia while a child and was educated in the public schools. After leaving the high school he entered the iron foundry of Morris, Tasker & Co., where he remained four years, part of which time he spent in the ofifice as clerk. Sedentary employmentnot being conducive to his health, he served an appren- ticeship as butcher with William B. Martin, and afterwards engaged in that business for himself, and followed it for several years, 6o8 THE PHILADELPHIA POLICE, When the paid fire department was organized, Patterson was appoint- ed hoseman in Engine Company No. lo, and in September, 1873, was made foreman of that company. He remained in the fire depart- ment until March, 1877. In 1880 Patterson was elected constable in the First Ward, and filled that office for five years. He was ap- pointed lieutenant of the Twenty-fifth District, April 7, 1886, by Mayor Smith. The station-house is located at Nos. 1507 and 1509 Moyamensing Avenue below Dickinson Street, and the district is bounded as follows : south side of Wharton Street to Passyunk Avenue, to Broad Street,- and extending along the east side of that thoroughfare to Back Channel, including League Island, to Dela- ware River, and back to Wharton Street. Among the important buildings included within its boundaries are the U. S. Navy Yard buildings, J. T. Bailey & Co.'s rope-walk, Morris, Tasker & Co.'s iron works, Elkington & Bro.'s soap works, Morgan & Headley's spectacle manufacturing works, Pennsylvania Salt Co.'s works, Logan, Ellis & Co.'s phosphate works, Baugh & Son's fertilizing works, Thomas Roberts & Steven's hollow-ware moulding works, and other important manufacturing establishments. Police Patrol Station No. 6 is located at the Twenty-fifth District Station House. Sergeant JOSEPH H. DALLAS was born in Philadelphia July 14, 1840. He served three months in the 20th Regiment Psnnsyl- vania Volunteers, and one year in the U. S. Navy. He was ap- pointed to the police force in April, 187J6, by Mayor Stokley and assigned to duty at the Centennial Exposition grounds. In July of that year he was made special officer at the grounds, and De- cember 1, 1876, was transferred to the Second Police District as pa- trolman. He was promoted to sergeant January 21, 1880, and on November 14, 1883, was transferred to the Third District by Mayor King. On May 2, 1884, he was sent back to his old Dis- trict, the Second, and on the formation of the Twenty-fifth District, August 9, 1886, he was assigned to duty there as sergeant by Mayor Smith. Sergeant FRANCIS BUCHANAN was born in Philadelphia January 14, 1847. He served in the U. S. Army during the late war, and was appointed patrolman in the Seventeenth District by Mayor Stokley December i, 1875. He was promoted to sergeant of that district in February, 1882, by Mayor King, and transferred JN(i. ]'.. J'ATTEKSON. Lieutt-naiit of tin' Twcntv-tiftli Histnct. PAST AND PRESENT. 6li to his present post August 9, 1886, by Mayor Smith. He has made several important arrests. House-Sergeant EDWARD T. LEWIS was born in Philadel- phia April 7, 1847. He was educated at Girard College and en- listed in the Ninety-fifth Regiment Pennsylvania Volunteers, March 15, 1865. He was mustered out of service with his regiment July 17, 1865, and was appointed a patrolman in the Seventh Dis- trict by Mayor Stokley January i, 1872. He was promoted to house-sergeant of that district June 7, 1877, and was transferred to the Twenty-fifth District August 7, 1886. He has made several important, arrests. House-Sergeant WILLIAM B. MACTAGUE was born in Phil- adelphia July 23, 1848. He was appointed to the police force Oc- tober 12, 1873, by Mayor Stokley, as house-sergeant in the Sixth District. Resigned under Mayor King, February 16, 1883, and was reappointed as patrolman by Mayor Smith, May 3, 1884. He was promoted to house-sergeant of the Twenty-fifth District August 7, 1886. House-Sergeant RICHARD H. O'DONNEL was born in Phil- adelphia November 2, 1844. He served over three years in the Twenty-sixth Regiment Pennsylvania Volunteers, during the late war, as private, corporal and color-bearer, and had the honor of bringing the regimental colors home. He was wounded at Get- tysburg July 2, 1863, and in the battle of the Wilderness, May 6, T864. He was for fourteen years in charge of the telegraph service at League Island Station. Was appointed house-sergeant by Mayor Smith September i, 1886, and assigned to the Twenty- fifth District. Patrol-Sergeant JAMES C. DAVIS, of Patrol No. 6, located at the Twenty-fifth District Station-House, was born in Philadelphia November 4, 1839. He enlisted in the U. S. Navy on June 29, 1859, and served until January 13, 1862. He re-enlisted in the service on January 20, 1864, and served until he was honorably discharged on March 25, 1867. He was appointed to the police force on November 6, 1873, by Mayor Stokley and was promoted to sergeant of Patrol No. 6, by Mayor Smith on August 9, 1886. Patrol-Sergeant CHARLES P. CHARLTON, of Patrol No. 6, was bom in Boston, Mass., March 4, 1844. He enlisted in the 72d Regiment Pennsylvania Volunteers in 1861 and re-enlisted on the field when his time had expired in 1863. He was appointed to the 6i2 THE PHILADELPHIA POLICE, police force by Mayor Smith on May 2, 1884, and promoted to ser- geant of the patrol on August 7, 1886. The most important arrest Officer Charlton ever made was that of sailor James Sullivan for shooting and killing, in September, 1884, John Tamany, a saloon- keeper at Third and Monroe streets, whom Sullivan charged with refusing to deliver up a large sum of money which he declared he had left in Tamany's keeping. Sullivan was just home from a cruise in the Mediterranean and along the European coast in the United States steamer Powhatan. Sullivan's story was that he had, by Tamany's advice, left $585 with the latter about a week before the shooting. On the day of the murder he asked for the return of the money and Tamany denied that he had it. The sailor had him arrested and bound over for a further hearing, which was set for several weeks later. Sullivan was crazed by the loss of his three years' savings, and he entered the barroom kept by Tamany on a Saturday afternoon, and was ordered out by the proprietor, who was alone in the bar. The sailor paid no attention to the order to leave, but laid down a piece of money on the bar and asked for a drink. Tamany's reply was to hurl a bottle at the sailor's head and the latter drew his revolver and fired an ineffectual shot. More bottles were thrown by Tamany, and several of them left ugly gashes in Sullivan's .scalp. Three rapid shots from the British bull-dog revolver laid the saloon-keeper bleeding on the floor, and he died a day or two later in the Penn- sylvania Hospital. Sullivan fled as soon as he had done the shoot- ing, and was captured by Officer Charlton at Fourth and Bain- bridge streets. He was convicted and sentenced to a term in prison, where he remained until December, 1886, when he was adjudged insane and was sent to the Norristown Insane Asylum, where he is now confined. JOHN ANDERSON, special officer, was born in Phil- adelphia, January 19, 1853. He was appointed to the police force by Mayor Smith in May, 1884, and assigned to duty in the Seven- teenth District. He was transferred to the Twenty-fifth District when it was formed. He and Special Officer Slater, now of the Second District, worked together in the Seventeenth and made a number of important arrests. They arrested Jack Hunter, a notorious thief, who had a weakness for other men's horseflesh. Officers Anderson and Slater captured him for stealing a horse and wagon from the Dock Street wharf. The property was recovered, PAST AND PRESENT. 613 and Hunter was sentenced to the Eastern Penitentiary. Another notorious thief named James McGuire, alias " Piggy " Maguire, was arrested by them for stealing a wagon load of shoes from a store at Fifth and Market streets ; also Henry Dalton, alias Henry Wilson, alias " Dutchy " Ualton, for a burglary committed in Snyder County, Penn. He was taken to Middleburg and sen- tenced to six years" imprisonment, but escaped from the sheriff and is still at large. They arrested James Brody, a professional thief, for highway robbery: he robbed William McNalley of $1265; James Kane, for the murder of his brother Andrew. They collected the evi- dence in this case and secured the conviction. James Fitzpatrick was arrested by these officers for the murder of his son with an old sabre, at Passyunk Avenue and Morris Street. Fitzpatrick was sentenced to two years' imprisonment, and died in the Eastern Pen- itentiary. John Riley, James Kane and Peter Cochran were ap- prehended by them for a most heinous assault on Mary Gallagher in the lower section of the city. Kane and Riley were con- victed, and received sentences of seven and eight years respect- ively, and Cochran was acquitted. They arrested John Green, colored, for causing the death of a woman by kicking her. He was sentenced to eighteen months' imprisonment. William Johnson, alias "Sixty" Johnson, was captured by officers Slater and Ander- son, for knocking a man out of his carriage and robbing him. They arrested Charles Gildey for passing counterfeit money at Cape May, and who had escaped from the officers there ; " Billy " Gibbs, a bank sneak-thief, and John Moon, a burglar ; John Kel- ley, alias " Kid," for a number of robberies ; Michael Hurley, alias McGovern, a bogus Catholic priest. This man went among Roman Catholics, representing himself to be a priest of that church, and obtained money from them. He was sentenced to two years' imprisonment. They arrested " Paddy," alias " Reddy " Mc- GrafiE, for burglary ; and a number of others which might be men- tioned as part of the excellent records of special officers Slater and Anderson. The first arrest made by Officer Slater after his appointment, was that of Henry Morton, alias " Dutchy " Kitchen. Morton was a fugitive from justice, being charged with the murder of a German named Charles Schmidt, a couple of years before his ar rest. Officer Slater observed his man at Seventh and Reed 6i4 THE PHILADELPHIA POLICE, Streets, and arrested him on suspicion, which was afterward con- firmed. He arrested James Riley and William Gins for burglary, and recovered the stolen property. He arrested William Farrell, alias William Sheridan, alias Alexander, and James Titterington, alias Broderick, alias Henderson, for the robbery of Luther Church on the elevated road in New York City. The men were returned to New York and convicted. Farrell was sentenced to twenty years' and Titterington to seven years imprisonment. WILLIAM G. HEMPHILL, special officer, was born in Phil- adelphia on June 4, 1849. ^^ ^^'^^ appointed to the police force by Mayor Smith on January 12, 1886, and assigned to duty as special officer of the Twenty-fifth District when it was created. FREDERICK W. KOESTER, driver of patrol wagon No. 6, was born in Philadelphia October 14, 1853. He was appointed patrolman by Mayor Stokley on November 26, 1877, and was trans- ferred to the patrol service August 24, 1886. WILLIAM GIBB, driver of patrol wagon No. 6, was born in Philadelphia October 31, 1856. Appointed to the police force as patrol driver August 30, 1886, by Mayor Smith. WILLIAM GRIMES, Jr., detailed 10 duty with patrol wagon No. 6, was born in Philadelphia August 26, 1858 ; appointed to the police force August 31, 1886, by Mayor Smith. JOHN SHERRARD, detailed to duty with patrol wagon No. 6, was born in Ireland February 24, 1850. Appointed to the police force June 9, 1877, by Mayor Stokley. WILLIAM M. BOUVIER was born in Philadelphia July 14, 1843. He was appointed by Mayor Stokley on January i, 1872. He has an honorable war record of three years' service. JOSEPH B. QUIN was born in Philadelphia on March 2, 1846. He was appointed on the force by Mayor Stokley Novem- ber 9, 1878. He has made several arrests of importance. JOSEPH F. WEST was born in Philadelphia February 14, 1844. He was appointed by Mayor Stokley in May, 1876. THOMAS MASON was born in Philadelphia June 17, 1852. He wasappointed by Mayor Smith, in May, 1884. On May 5, 1885, he arrested Morris Watson, a colored ravisher, who was convicted and sentenced to seven years in the Eastern Penitentiary. JOHN J. SIMS was born in Philadelphia, December 29, 1852. He was appointed by Maj'or Stokley in May, 1876. GEORGE M. APPLEGATE was born in Philadelphia Novem- PAST AND PRESENT. 615 her 30, 1838. Mayor Stokley made him a patrolman on January 1, 1872. He has arrested a niiiiiber of criminals of different grades, notably John, alias " Belter" Hogan, for rape, John Sullivan for highway robbery, and Thomas Boyle, a house-breaker. WILLIAM J. WATT was born in New York City March 3, 1840. Mayor Stokley made him a patrolman on March 17, 1873. PKTER REMENTER was born in Philadelphia on June 20, 1845. He was appointed to the force October 7, 1882, by Mayor King. He has a record of two years' army service. ANDREW J. HARKISHEIMER was born in Philadelphia March 22, 1840. He entered the department under Mayor Stok- ley on April 9, 1879. Three notorious burglars, John Meaghan, Edward Wilson and John McShea, have him to thank for sentences ranging from one to three and one-half years' imprisonment. WILLIAM H. BEHMKE was born in Philadelphia July 3, 1845. He served four months in the United States Army. Appointed a patrolman by Mayor Smith on May 16. 1884. JOSEPH FLEMING was born in Philadelphia October 31, 1837. He was appointed to the police force by Mayor Henry November 16, 1859, and served until February ii, 1869. He again received the appointment January i, 1872. He has served as patrolman a total of twenty-four years. AARON MIDDLETON was born in Philadelphia June 17, 1846. He served in the United States Army in the late war. He was appointed to the police force by Mayor Stokley April 4, 1875. Resigned June 13, 1881 ; reappointed by Mayor Smith May i, 1884. FRANK HESSER was born on October 8, 1848, in Philadel- phia. He has a record of one year in the United States Naval Service. He was appointed on May 8, 1884, by Mayor Smith. SAMUEL BEVANS was born in Philadelphia September 25. 1845. H^ ^^'^^ appointed patrolman by Mayor Stokley on April 2, 1875. THOMAS R. MITCHELL was born in Philadelphia April 23, 1831. He was appointed by Mayor Conrad in 1855 and served one year. He was reappointed by Mayor Stokley in 1858, and served until 1865. when he resigned. He was reappointed by Mayor Stokley in 1872, and has been in the service since. He has served altogether over twenty-two years. GEORGE F. BRUCE was born in Philadelphia on July 19, 6i6 THE PHILADELPHIA POLICE, 1844, He was appointed to the police force by Mayor Stokley November 13, 1872. He has a war record of three years' service in the United States Army. WILLIAM G. BOWEN, Jr., was born on July 16, 1848. He served a year and a half in the United States Army. He was appointed to the police force by Mayor Stokley November 8, 1879 ROBERT GLEASON was born in Philadelphia March 26J 1854. He was appointed to the force by Mayor Smith on Novem- ber 12, 1884. GEORGE W. MAYBERY was born in London, Conn., on May 8, 1841. He was appointed by Mayor Stokley in March, 1873, and served under him for four years. He was reappointed by Mayor Stokley in March, 1881. He served in the United States Navy with Farragut during the late wai. ANDREW MEYERS was born in Philadelphia January 6, 1849. He was made a patrolman by Mayor Stokley on April 4, 1876. His army record is confined to three months' service. HARVEY K. MEYERS was born in Philadelphia March 7, 1846. He was appointed by Mayor Smith in February, 1885. He served four and one-half years in the United States Army. WILLIAM F. MEYERS was born on September 25, 1854. He was appointed to the police force by Mayor Smith January 12, 1886. WILLIAM WAGNER was born in Philadelphia June 6, 1848. Appointed to the police force by Mayor Stokley in 1872. THOMAS ELLINGSWORTH was born in Philadelphia Jan- uary 17, 1850; served four years in the United States Army in the late war. Appointed to the police force January 10, 1875, by Mayor Stokley. HENRY B. DITTERT was born ia Philadelphia September 29, 1855. Appointed to the police force by Mayor Smith May 21, 1884. JOHN McMASTERS was born in Carlisle, Penn., May 18. 1842. He served four years and six months in the United States Army. Appointed to the police force May 7, 1876, by Mayor Stokley. GEORGE SLOOK was bom in Philadelphia December 11, 1833. Appointed to the police force by Mayor Henry in 1863 and served one year; reappointed November 10, 1884, by Mayor Smith. PAST AND PRESENT. 617 LLOYD J. HUNT, Jr., was born in New Jersey January 21, 1854. Appointed to the police force April 2, 1884, by Mayor Smith. JOHN B. QUIN was born in Philadelphia March i, 1850. Appointed to the police force May 9, 1884, by Mayor Smith. CHARLES ASHMAN was born in Philadelphia and is thirty- six years of age. He was appointed to the police force by Mayor Smith on January 3, 1887. JAMES GORMAN was born in Ireland August 14, 1842. He served in the U. S. Army in the late war. Appointed to the police force July i, 1875. ^V Mayor Stokley. CHARLES BARNHOLT was born in Philadelphia May 2, 1844. He served in the U. S. Army in the late war. Appointed to the police force by Mayor Stokley January i, 1872. GEORGE RICHMAN was born in Philadelphia April 4, 1857. Appointed to the police force April 10, 1884, by Mayor Smith. JOHN L. SEVERN was born in Philadelphia June 8, 1843. He served in the U. S. Army in the late war. Appointed to the police force by Mayor Stokley in 1878, and served until 1885 ; re- appointed in October, 1886, by Mayor Smith. JOSEPH E. COWDEN was born in Philadelphia September 24, 1855. Appointed to the police force January 22, 1880, by Mayor Stokley; resigned January 22, 1883; reappointed January 22, 1886, by Mayor Smith. JACOB NICHOLS was born in Philadelphia October 13, 1857. Appointed to the police force by Mayor Smith in January, 1886. LEWIS CURRIE was born in Camden, N. J., December 25, 1848. He served two years in the Fifth Regiment U. S. Cavalry. Appointed to the police force September 26, 1880, by Mayor Stokley. HENRY B. SCHAFFER was born in Philadelphia July 21, 1852. He was appointed to the police force in 1881. DANIEL MITCHELL was born in Philadelphia March 26, 1838. Appointed to the police force by Mayor Stokley in May, 1875- RICHARD P. REICHNER was born in Philadelphia Novem- ber 22, 1852. Appointed to the police force by Mayor Stokley January 26, 1879. GEORGE ISEMINGER was bom in Philadelphia July 3, 6i8 THE PHILADELPHIA POLICE, 1849. Appointed to the police force October 15, 1881, by Mayor King. SAMUEL PHILLIPE was born in Philadelphia March 21, 1856. Appointed to the police force October 30, 1886, by Mayor Smith. EDWIN H. MISKELL was born in Philadelphia April 20, 1853. Appointed to the police force November i, 1886, by Mayor Smith. THOMAS N. REILLY was born in Philadelphia April 13, 1846. Appointed to the police force September 8, 1886, by Mayor Smith. EDWARD CORSON was born in Philadelphia February 4, 1849. Appointed to the police force October 14, 1886, by Mayor Smith. JOSIAH ASHMAN, turnkey, was born in Philadelphia April 23, 1854. Appointed turnkey September 2, 1886, by Mayor Smith. SUBSTITUTE PATROLMEN. ASHER A. MOORE was born in Philadelphia on May 25, 1846. At the age of eighteen he enlisted in the U. S. Army and served two years during the late war, being discharged at the end of the struggle. He was appointed to the police force as a substitute patrolman by Mayor Smith on January 19, 1887, and assigned to the Twenty-fifth District. RICHARD KINGSTON was born in Ireland and is thirty- three years of age. He was appointed a substitute patrolman by Mayor Smith November 19, 1886. PHILLIP KINER was born in Philadelphia and is thirty-eight years of age. He was appointed a substitute patrolman Decem- ber 2, 1886, by Mayor Smith. SPENCER HENLEY was born in Philadelphia and is thirty-nine years of age. He was appointed a substitute patrolman by Mayor Smith January 19, 1887. .CHARLES SMITH was born in Philadelphia and is thirty-six years of age. He was appointed a substitute patrolman by Mayor Smith January 19, 1887. ALBERT SNYDER was born in Philadelphia and is thirty- eight years of age. He was appointed a substitute patrolman by Mayor Smith Januarj' 19, 1887. PAST AND PRESENT. 619 CHAPTER XXV. The Body of the Force — {Concluded). THE NAVAL BRANCH OF THE SERVICE.— THE DELAWARE AND SCHUYLKILL HARBOR POLICE. — GALLANT LIEU- TENANT MOORE, COMMANDER OF THE " STOKLEY," AND HIS MEN. — RIVER PIRATES AND THEIR MAN- NER OF OPERATING. — " JUNKERS." — DOCK-THIEVES. — FIGHTS ALONG THE RIVER FRONT. — THE FIRE APPA- RATUS OF THE " STOKLEY."— THE RIVER'S DEAD AND ITS GHASTLY SECRETS.— -MUTINIES ON SHIPBOARD. — HUMAN FREIGHT FOR THE HOUSE OF CORRECTION. — THE PATROL-BOATS. — RIVER-PIRATE JACK TONER. — STEALING HORSES FROM VESSELS. — "DICK" SIMMONS, " TOM " ANDERSON, " WES " SCOTT AND " BILL " HART, RIVER THIEVES. — A PIRATE TAKES A TUMBLE.— A REFORMED PIRATE BECOMES A PREACHER. — STEALING A STAKE FOR THE GAMING TABLE. — UNDERMINING A COTTON PILE. — DISHONEST MATES OF VESSELS. — A BITER BITTEN. — SERGEANT ALLEN'S CAREER.—" DOC- TOR " BUCHANAN OF BOGUS DIPLOMA AND BOGUS SUICIDE FAME, AND "CHIP" STEWART.— A NIGHT PLUNGE INTO THE DELAWARE. — PILOTS EDWARDS AND FENTON. — RECORDS OF THE MEN.— LIEUTENANT FRANCIS, COMMANDER OF THE " KING." — SERGEANT SMITH. — PILOTS DUEY AND HAGAN.— RECORDS OF THE MEN. THE DELAWARE HARBOR POLICE. The Philadelphia Harbor Police is the most efficient service of the sort in the country. There are two companies, one on the Delaware River, and one on the Schuylkill River. The company 620 THE PHILADELPHIA POLICE, that patrols the Delaware has quarters on the steam launch Wil- liam S. Stokley, which lies at Pier 7, South Wharves, when not in service, and has telephonic connection with police headquarters. Lieutenant George Moore is the commanding officei. His subor- dinates are a sergeant, two engineers, two pilots and ten men. The Stokley patrols the river from the mouth of Pennypack Creek, where the House of Correction is situated, to the mouth of the Schuylkill River. The Stokley was built especially for police ser- vice by Neafie & Levy, of Kensington, in 1874, cost $36,000, and is of about 41.55 tons burthen. She is fitted up with comfortable quarters for the men, who do duty turn about, there always being five men on the river. The men do not sleep on the tug, all hav- ing families, whom they visit when oflf duty. They are brave and intrepid fellows, fond of the service, and superciliously arrogant in their treatment of ordinary police officers, whom they look upon as beings of an inferior kind. Nearly every member of the Stokley crew served as a soldier in the late war. The patrol beat of the Stokley extends fourteen miles, and has the Delaware River front to guard from Greenwich Point to the elevator at Richmond. During 1886 the crew of the Delaware Harbor Police saved a number of persons from drowning and recovered over fifty dead bodies floating in the river. Within their " district " are located the elevators at Washington Street Wharf and Richmond, the Havemeyer sugar refinery. Knight's sugar refinery, and other large and important interests which go to make up the vast wealth along the Delaware front. Lieutenant GEORGE MOORE, the commander, is the hero of two wars, he having done noble service with the Scott Legion in Mex- ico, and afterwards distinguished himself in the late war as a mem- ber of McMullen's Rangers, retiring at the cessation of hostilities with the rank of lieutenant-colonel. For twenty-five years he was an alderman in the Fourth Ward, and took part in all the bloody fights and factions that gave this section of the city the name of "the Bloody Fouri'i, " in the old volunteer fire-department days. He is seventy-one years of age, having been born in Philadelphia May 22, 1815. He doesn't look that old, however, for although the suns of many summers, and the storms of an equal number of winters have whitened his hair and bronzed his cheek, his eyes are still bright and piercing, his movements are quick, and his form is as erect as a grenadier's. He loves the service and tells with GEORGE MOORE, Lieutenant of tlie Delaware Harbor Squad. PAST AND PRESENT. 623 pride stories of the adventures of his gallant crew. He has held his present position since 1876, and as the harbor police is in a measure removed from partisan politics, his men, with one or two exceptions, have been in the service longer than he has. They all love and respect their commander, and he is devoted to them and their interests. He has arrested and assisted in the arrest of nine persons charged with murder on the high seas, and fifteen others charged with mutiny on the high seas. " When I first took command of the Siokley," he said recently, " we had a pretty hard time of it. The pirates were well organized, and there wasn't a night that a vessel didn't lose some of her sails, a big hawser, or part of her cordage. The dock thieves and 'longshore loafers were equally bad. There was a great deal of stealing done, and rows and fights were of nightly occurrence. A great many dark deeds were -committed along the river-front in those days, and we had lots of trouble breaking up the river pirates ; but they're pretty well scattered now, and those who are not in prison have either left the city or are engaged in other and more honest pursuits. When people speak of river pirates they usually confound this gentry with the dock thieves^ They are a distinct class. The pirates operate only upon the river. They generally make their raids in eighteen-foot skiffs, which will hold a ton to a ton and a half of material. Sails and cordage are their chief spoils, although they sometimes steal pig-iron, and all is fish that comes to their net. Their number is probably equalled by that of the ' junkers. ' These are dealers in odds and ends, who float from wharf to wharf as the tide or a tow serves, in their broad-sterned boats, buy- ing here and selling there, and in the season frequently trade watermelons and other produce for goods. These people pur- chase the stolen wares which the pirates bring them from their hiding-places in the river bed or along the wharves. They sell in turn to the shore junk-houses, who send the metal promptly to the cupolas of foundries and rolling-mills, sell the rope to canal-boat men, and dispose of other wares among dealers in the various ar- ticles. None of these purchases can escape the knowledge of the market whence these goods come. The low price is the river pirates' trade-mark. We frequently get hold of goods held by ihese junkers, and without having any actual proof, are almost positive that they are stolen. It is a hard matter, however, to identify sails and ropes, and the losers, when put under oath, are 624 '^^^ PHILADELPHIA POLICE, unable to swear to the identity of their goods. Formerly a great deal of pig-iron was stolen, but this branch of the business has become so dangerous that the few thieves now on the river seldom care to run the risk. "The dock thieves steal anything they can lay their hands on, from a rotten watermelon to a kit of mackerel. Some of them are bold and shrewd, and make big hauls. It is not unusual for an adroit dock-thief to provide himself with a horse and wagon, drive up boldly in open day to a pier, and load his wagon with what- ever comes nearest to hand. His safety lies in his audacity, be- cause if he is noticed it is presumed that he has authority for what he does. Sometimes the thieves are assisted by a dishon- est watchman. A fish dealer complained to me that he was los- ing mackerel at the rate of a barrel a night. He was confident that the marauders were river pirates. I had a squad of men watching his place for a week. They discovered no river pirates, but the robbing still went on. I suggested that his watchman must be at. the bottom of if. He became indignant that I should imagine such a thing, for he was willing to swear by the man, who had been in his employ several years. He put a watch on him, however, and caught him in the act of delivering over a barrel of fish to his pal. " In the summer time, when the nights are close and hot, the peo- ple are driven from the slums, and come to the river for a breath of air. Some get drunk, and as a consequence there are fights. If we arrest a man who is under the influence of liquor, we bring him aboard the boat and lock him up in one of our cells, which are close to the boiler. In the winter time they are very comfort- able, but in mid-summer they are like ovens. An hour's imprison- ment will sober the drunkest man you ever saw, and he's willing to make any sort of a promise to get released. He never forgets the sweat box on the police tug, and takes care not to fall into our hands a second time. " Besides doing police duty we are also a fire department in our- selves and have a fire-engine on board capable of throwing five streams of water a distance of two hundred feet. When a fire breaks out along the wharves or among the shipping, we are ap- prisedby telephone and steam at once to the scene of the con- flagration. Our engine is always ready for action and we don't lose much time in making connection and getting a stream of Wjj'ft'^' *"{" — PAST AND PRESENT. 627 water 011 the fire. When the firemen arrive they take charge of our apparatus. This branch of the service has saved thousands of dollars worth of valuable property. " We pick up a great many dead bodies floating down the river. In 1885 the number reached sixty-three. They were accident cases, suicides, and one or two that from their appearance indi cated foul play. When we receive notice of a drowning we pro- ceed to the spot at once, and grapple for the body, and rarely fail to bring it to the surface. My men save a great many lives — drunken sailors going to their ships, people unfamiliar with the wharves, would-be suicides, and occasionally an individual bent on self-murder, who changes his mind as soon as he strikes the cold water, and yells lustily for help. Once in a while we are called upon to suppress mutiny aboard ships. The captain signals for us and we steam down upon the mutineers and bring them to terms with little or no trouble. Every Sunday we make a trip to the House of Correction. Our freight is a batch of prisoners who have been sentenced to that institution. Police raids are usually made on Saturday night, and we have carried as high as one hundred prisoners, although the usual number does not exceed fifteen. We conduct the grand jury to points of inter- est on their tour of inspection, and during the summer months we often have junketing parties aboard, committees of councils, and visiting notables who are being escorted about at the city's ex- pense. " The river is patrolled every night by the two small boats con- nected with our service, each manned by a crew of two officers. I never go on these expeditions, but my sergeant sometimes does'. If we had nothing to do but watch for river pirates, my men would die of ennui. We made sixty-five arrests last year, and of this number only three were river pirates. " One of the most noted river men was Jack Toner, who, it is believed, is doing time in the Slate of Delaware, as he disappeared from our city several years ago. Jack was a desperado of the worst character, as bold as a lion, and as cunning as a fox. He gave us a heap of trouble. He'd steal anything he could lay his hands on, and was so cute about it that we rarely could find evi- dence against him. On several occasions he boarded vessels in a big yawl boat, and actually stole horses from off the deck, lower- ing the animals into his boat, and pulling ashore with them, where 628 THE PHILADELPHIA POLICE, they were turned over to his confederates, who kept them in hid- ing until the hue and cry was over, when they were sold and the profits divided. He would sneak up under the quarter of a ves- sel, cut loose its boat, tow it over to the Jersey shore, bore a hole in the bottom and sink it. Of course we never could find the boat, and the vessel from which it was stolen would go to sea. As soon as the ship had got under way. Jack would raise the boat, make her water-tight, lepaint her, and boldly offer her for sale. He stole tons and tons of pig-iron, and canvas and cordage enough to rig a fleet of men-of-war. "Another bold thief was Dick Simmons. He's in jail in Camden now. A river thief equally desperate was Tom Anderson, who, after a long piratical career, was killed by Captain Fisher, eight or nine years ago. Two other bad men of the old time were Wes. Scott and Bill Hart. I don't know what's become of them. The adventures of these men would fill a very big and interesting book. These river pirates always made a pretence of honesty during the daytime. They were either fishermen in a small way, or worked along shore. They were always on the lookout for a chance to commit a foray. If the booty to be removed was pig- iron, they'd usually begin work at about midnight, or perhaps later. Favored by the darkness, and with muffled oars, they'd pull up to a dock, and land one of their number, to 'pipe off' the movements of the watchmen. This spy would secrete himself on a dock opposite ■ that which his pals were to raid. As soon as the coast was clear he would signal to his companions in the boat, and they'd row alongside the pier and begin to load. If surprised at their work they'd pull of. Frequently they were fired into and were obliged to desert their boat and take to the water to save their lives. They could all swim like ducks, and would dive under the dock and remain hidden among the piles until the search for them was over. Then they'd swim softly away, and make a landing. They had many narrow escapes, and their lives were constantly in danger. Once a gang of pirates had succeeded in loading a boat with pig-iron, and getting away from the dock without being dis- covered. Their boat was loaded down to the gunwales. To lighten it a pig of iron was pitched into the river. It was taken from one side of the boat, and being thus lightened, she quickly careened to the other side. The pirates tried to right her, but it was no use, — over she went, iron, men, and all. One fellow was PAST AND PRESENT. 629 caught in the tackle of the boat, and before his demoraHzed com- panions could right it and extricate him was nearly drowned. " Sometimes their mishaps were of a comical character. One night two pirates in search of plunder rowed alongside a big brig out of ballast. Big rope fenders hung over her side. The pirate in the bow of the boat signalled to his companion to pull under the vessel's quarter, and when she was alongside fended her off, and with his knife in his teeth climbed on to one of the fenders and began to climb up the rope that held it, like a cat. When he got pretty near the top he reached over his head, and with his knife cut the rope. Down came rope, fender, pirate, and the knife 'kersplash.' When his companion pulled him out he up- braided him angrily. " ' What did you do that for ? ' he demanded. "The dripping pirate shrugged his shoulders. "'I wanted more rope,' he said, and then they both laughed and pulled away. " A man who is now a street preacher along the wharves, and, according to his former colleagues, most conscientious in his work, was until twelve years ago the most daring man on ;he river. On one occasion he went broke at a card game, hurried out, found a pal, long since dead, and set out along the wharves on a voyage of discovery. Near Market Street a vessel was loading for Boston with cotton. The preacher leaped on the wharf and hid behind the nearest bale. Then as the 'longshoreman working on that por- -tion of the freight wheeled a bale off toward the steamer on his truck, the preacher pushed his bale a little nearer the water, and hid again, as the 'longshoreman returned for another load. At each trip he repeated the manoeuvre until he edged the bale off the wharf into the arms of his accomplice. Having sculled to safety with his prize, he sold his share in it, which was worth $25, for $2, and hurried back to the card table. Since his reformation he declines to deal with river-front people of any sort, and conducts a prosperous junk business on shore. " On another occasion a vessel from Savannah, loaded with cot- ton, deposited its freight on a covered pier. The bales were piled as high as the roof, and two watchmen patrolled the dock every night. A shrewd pirate determined to steal some of this cotton. Armed with a saw he pulled under the pier one night, and assisted by two of his pals, soon cut away enough of the flooring of the 630 THE PHILADELPHIA POLICE, pier to pull down a bag of cotton. They worked very cautiously, and as the cargo remained upon the dock for nearly a week, they got away with several thousand dollars worth of the cotton. They took great care not to disarrange the symmetry of the pile ; and would probably have in time carried away all but the outside bales had their bold theft not been discovered by an accident. The original consignee sold a portion of the cotton, and the new buyer came down to sample his purchase. He climbed upon the pile and was walking across it, when the supports gave way, and down he went. An investigation followed and a strong efifort was made to discover the thieves, but they had covered their tracks so skil- fully that none of the stolen goods was ever recovered. "A great deal of the stealing on the river is accomplished by collusion with dishonest mates, who, for a trifling sum, sell spare canvas, ropes, etc., when the captain's ashore. Their complicity in the thefts is never proven, for the thieves always loot the vessel as though no previous arrangement had been made, and some mates have played their parts so well as to make a hue and cry as soon as the thieves are at a safe distance, discharging their revolvers, and even pursuing the daring pirates, whom they take good care, however, never to overhaul. " One day some pirates met a mate in one of the sailor resorts along the river, and made an arrangement with him to carry away that night the ship's mainsail, which was almost new. The mate's share of the robbery was agreed upon as $10, and he was to have the sail ready to lower into the pirates' boat when they should pull alongside his vessel. It was a very dark night, and at about two o'clock the ship was hailed by the piratical craft. The mate was at the vessel's side and noiselessly lowered down the roll of canvas. The chief pirate handed him a crisp ten-dollar bill, and they parted with good-nights hoarsely whispered. The pirate had a customer for the mainsail, which they had represented as brand new. When they delivered their goods the bundle was examined. Instead of a brand new mainsail there was disclosed to their astonished gaze a half dozen pieces of ragged canvas, worth only the price of old junk. It was a case of the biter being bitten." Sergeant CHARLES ALLEN, who is Lieutenant Moore's as- sistant, was bom in Philadelphia December 26, 1838, and has been in the service since the old yawl-boat days, having been appointed to the service by Mayor Stokley January i, 1876. He often PAST AND PRESENT. 63' patrols the river with his men, and has had as many adventures as a dime-novel hero. He fought during the war as a private in the Fourteenth Regiment Pennsylvania Volunteers. He knows all the bad men along the river by sight, and is shrewd and skilful in working up criminal clews. He said recently ; " I went out the night that it was supposed the notorious Dr. Buchanan, of bogus medical diploma notoriety, had committed suicide, and we grappled for his body for several days. We after- wards learned that the foxy old doctor had been personated by ' Chip ' Stewart, a well-known river man. He and his partner, Joe Robinson, were loafing about the wharves one day, when a man approached him and held out his hand. " ' How do you do ? ' he said. ' We look enough alike to be twins.' "It was Dr. Buchanan, and he asked Chip if he wouldn't like to earn fifty dollars. " Chip told him he would, and the Doctor made an appointment with him to meet him at his office the next day. Chip went there, and they fixed up the suicide scheme, and put it into operation the next night, which was very dark. Chip, with his face muffled in a big handkerchief, and dressed in a suit of Dr. Buchanan's clothes, walked aboard one of the Camden ferry boats, and took a position on the forward guard. Several of the deck hands rec- ognized him as Dr. Buchanan, and he returned their salutations. Just as the boat was passing through the canal that divides Ridg- way from Windmill Island the supposed doctor leaped suddenly overboard and disappeared. It was presumed that he had been drowned. Papers found near where he had been standing fully identified him as Dr. Buchanan, and we spent several days grappling for the body. A watchman at Ridgway Park had noticed a sus- picious looking boat lurking about the Island, just prior to the arrival of the ferry boat. When the cry of ' Man overboard ! ' went up he saw this boat shoot out of the shadow, and move swiftly toward the spot where the supposed doctor went down. He saw the man in the boat help another one out of the water, and the two then pulled toward the Camden shore. When the watchman told this story the theory of the doctor's suicide was ex- ploded. He was traced to Canada, arrested, convicted of his crime, and sent to the penitentiary. If it hadn't been for that 632 THE PHILADELPHIA POLICE, watchman on the Island, every one would have believed that Dr. Buchanan committed suicide." SAMUEL VAN METER was born in Philadelphia, November 10, 1836, and was a sail-maker by occupation. He was appointed to the police force August 23, 1872, by Mayor Stokley. He served in the U. S. Army during the late war. JOHN BETZOLD was born in Philadelphia September 18, 1849. By occupation he was a fur dresser. He was appointed to the police force December 31, 1878, by Mayor Stokley. He served in the army during the late war. JAMES A. LYNN was born in Philadelphia August 16, 1845, and was by occupation a stove moulder. He was appointed to the police force October 13, 1874, by Mayor Stokley. HENRY COOLIDGE was born in Philadelphia April 14, 1836, and has always been a waterman. He was appointed to the police force January i, 1872, by Mayor Stokley. HENRY POTE was born in Philadelphia April 7, 1830. He has followed the water nearly all his life. He was appointed to the police force January 8, 1872, by Mayor Stokley. JAMES MARTIN, who during his term of duty on the police boat has saved several persons from drowning, was born in Phila- delphia, October 17, 1846, and was a pipe-maker by trade. He was appointed to the police force by Mayor Stokley March 5, 1877. Martin served in the army during the late war. O. W. LILLEY was born in Hamburg, Bucks County, Penna., March 13, 1841. He was an iron moulder by trade. Appointed to the police force July 10, 1878, by Mayor Stokley. He served in the United States Army in the late war. EDWARD JENNEY, who has also saved several persons from drowning since he has been an officer, was born in Danvers, Mass., August 12, 1847. He has followed the water all his life. Appointed to the police force August 15, 1872, by Mayor Stokley. Jenney served in the U. S. Army during the late war. WILLIAM CASELEY was born in Philadelphia, August 23, 1848, and was a paper-box cutter by occupation. He saw service during the lale war in both the army and navy. Was appointed to the police force by Mayor Smith May 12, 1884. GODFREY RITTENHOUSE was born in Philadelphia May 7, 1848, and was a brick-maker by trade. He served in the army r a C U ^ ;- — T ''' £ J w 1 — D f ^ <^ > = X PAST AND PRESENT. 635 during the late war. Appointed to the police force by Mayor Stokley November 7, 1873. EDWARD ED^^'ARDS, one of the pilots of the police boat Stokley, was born in New Jersey in 1835, and has followed the water all his life. He was appointed to the police force by Mayor Stokley, April i, 1875. JOHN D. FENTON, pilot, was born in Philadelphia September 10, 1822. When he was appointed to the police force by Mayor Stokley, April 15, 1873, he did not change his occupation, as he had been a Delaware River pilot. FRANK S. VOGEL, engineer, was born in Buffalo, N. Y., on the 4th of March, 1858, and was appointed an engineer of the Stokley by Mayor Stokley in July, 1878. EDWARD SPEARING,' engineer, was born in Philadelphia De- cember 25, 1851. He was appointed to the police force by Mayor Stokley April i, 1875, and in 1886 was promoted from fireman to engineer on the Stokley. JAMES SMALL, fireman, was born in Ireland March 6, 1841. He was appointed to his present position by Mayor Smith in 1884. WILLIAM FENTON, fireman, was born in Philadelphia and is thirty years old. He was appointed by Mayor Smith in September, 1886. THE SCHUYLKILL HARBOR POLICE. The Schuylkill Harbor Police boat, the Samuel G. Xing, is equipped for such service along the Schuylkill River as the Stokley performs on the Delaware. She has the same kind of powerful steam-pump, capable of throwing five streams of water, and all necessary appliances in case of iire along the river fronts. Her crew consists of the same number of men as the Stokley. Her commander is Lieutenant William H. Francis. Lieutenant FRANCIS was born in Montgomery County, in 1841, and was educated in the public schools/ of this city. After leaving school he was employed with Shibley & Fisher, fork manu- facturers. Mayor McMichael appointed him to the Schuylkill Harbor Police on February 6, 1867. He was displaced on May 15, 1869, upon the accession of Mayor Fox and the Democratic party to power, but was reappointed by Mayor Stokley on January I, 1872, and made sergeant of the Ninth Police District. He was promoted to the lieutenancy of the Schuylkill- Harbor Police on 636 THE PHILADELPHIA POLICE, August 21, 187s, by Mayor Stokley. When Lieutenant Francis entered the service there were no steam police boats, and the arduous duties of the men were performed in open row boats. The headquarters were then located in the " Mansion " at the Fair- mount Water Works. The patrol beat of the King extends from the Fairmount dam to the mouth of the Schuylkill River, and she has to guard both sides of the river for a distance of eight miles. The most impor- tant property the Schuylkill Police have to protect from fire or other harm are the Girard Point Elevator, the Atlantic and Phil- adelphia, and Gibson's Point oil refineries, Harrison's Chemical Works, the stables of the Spruce and Pine Streets Railway Com- pany, Nixson's Paper Mill, Lang's Mills, Van Hagan's Soap Works. The B. and O. Railroad depot. Keystone Mills, and the vast shipping interests lying along the river front. Sergeant PURNELL B. SMITH was* born in Philadelphia in the year 1835, and was by occupation a spar-maker. He was first appointed on the Delaware Harbor Police January i, 1872, by Mayor Siokley. In 1878 he was promoted to the sergeancy in that service, and in 1880 was transferred to the same position on the Schuylkill Harbor boat. Sergeant Smith served in both the U. S. Army and navy during the late war. HUGH T. VANCE was born in Allegheny City, Pennsylvania, May 20, 1846. By occupation he was a bookbinder. Appointed on the Schuylkill Harbor Police May 10, 1880, by Mayor Stokley. George' a. HARGREAVES was born in Philadelphia Jan- uary 9, 1850. He was a moulder by occupation. He served three years in the U. S. .'\rmy during the late war. Appointed on the Schuylkill Harbor Police January i, 1872, by Mayor Stokley. JAMES McCAW was bom in Philadelphia August 2, 1852. By occupation he was a carpenter. Appointed fireman on the Schuylkill Harbor Police April 8, 1881, by Mayor King, and pro- moted by Mayor Smith to patrolman January i, 1886. ROBERT McKKLVEY was born in Ireland in the year 1829, and has followed the water all his life. He was appointed to the Schuylkill Harbor Police by Mayor Stokley January i, 1872. THOMAS J. HINDS was born in Philadelphia and is thirty-six years of age. He was appointed to the police force and assigned to duty with the Schuylkill Harbor Squad on October 19, 1886, by Mayor Smith. ■WILLIAM IL FRANCIS, Lieutenaut of the ScliuylkiU IlarV.or S(inafl. PAST AND PRESENT. 639 FRANK WILLIAMS was born in Philadelphia September 10, 1844. By occupation he was a granite cutter. He served in both the army and navy during the late war. Appointed to the Schuyl- kill Harbor Police January i, 1872, by Mayor Stokley. SAMUEL SIBERT was born in Philadelphia October 20, 1855, and has been a waterman since a boy. Appointed to the Schuyl- kill Harbor Police August 12, 1884, by Mayor Smith. PATRICK F. HYLAND was born in Philadelphia in the year 1849. Appointed to the Schuylkill Harbor Police by Mayor Smith May i, 1886. WILLIAM L. \\'ILSON was born in Brooklyn, New York, October 8, 1838. He has been a waterman by occupation. He served through the late war in the U. S. Army and was wounded in the first battle of Fredericksburg. He was appointed to the police force by Mayor McMichael and served eight months, when he resigned and entered the gas works. He was appointed to the Schuylkill Harbor Police by Mayor Stokley January i, 1872. JOHN H. NASH was born in Philadelphia May 19, 1854. He entered the U. S. Navy January 2, 1878. and was detailed to the Paris Exposition to act as one of the guards of the American exhibits. He was discharged June 19, 1879. Appointed to the police force May i, 1876 ; resigned June 23, 1877 ; appointed to the Schuylkill Harbor Police May i, 1884, by Mayor Smith. ANDREW N. DUEY, pilot, was born in Philadelphia July 29, 1854. His occupation was that of waterman. Appointed pilot on the Schuylkill Harbor Police boat July 11, 1886. MICHAEL HAGAN, pilot, was born in Philadelphia July 2, 1847, and is by occupation a follower of the water. He was ap- pointed pilot to the Schuylkill Harbor Police boat August 3, 1886. SAMUEL CROSSLEY, engineer, was born in Baltimore, Md., November 16, 1842. He ser\'ed during the war in the U. S. Army. Appointed on the police force September 10, 1872, and transferred to the Schuylkill Harbor Police boat as engineer by Mayor Stokley October 10, 1879. SAMUEL C. PRICE, engineer, was born May 9, 1846. He served three years as an engineer in the U. S. Navy. Appointed to the police force September 20, 1879, and transferred to the Schuylkill Harbor Police boat as engineer by Mayor Stokley October 13, 1879. WILLIAM A SWIFT, fireman, was born in Philadelphia May 640 THE PHILADELPHIA POLICE, 29, 1852. By occupation he was an engineer. Appointed fire- man on the Schuylkill Harbor Police boat by Mayor Stokley April 7, 1875. WILLIAM H. BUCKLEY, fireman, was born in New York City in 1833, and was by occupation a machinist. Appointed fire- man to the Schuylkill Harbor Police boat by Mayor Smith Feb- ruary I, 1886. SPECIAL OFFICER MALAMPV. WILLIAM H. MALAMPY, special officer, detailed to duty at the Central Station, under Captain Brown of the First Division, was born on Christmas Day, 1851, at Newburg, N. Y. He was edu- cated at the public schools of this city, and afterwards engaged in the grocery business. He was appointed to the police force by Mayor Smith on June 12, 1884, and assigned to his present duty. He investigates any complaints which may be made to his captain's office, attends to violations of city ordinances, and sees that street venders, huxters and the like are not conducting business without license ; and such other special duty to which he may be assigned by Captain Brown. PAST AND PRESENT. 641 CHAPTER XXVI. The City's New Charter and the Police Pension Fund. .SKETCH OF JOHN C. BULLITT, THE ORIGINATOR OF THE BULLITT BILL. — DIFFICULTIES IN THE WAY OF ITS FINAL PASSAGE. — EDWIN H. FITLEK ELECTED FIRST MAYOR UNDER THE NEW CHARTER. — THE POL- ICE PLACED UNDER THE "DIRECTOR OF PUBLIC SAFETY." — THE PROVISIONS OF THE BILL AFFECT- ING THE POLICE. — THE OFFICE OF "SUPERINTEND- ENT OF POLICE." — THE PROVISION CREATING THE POLICE PENSION FUND. — POLICEMEN CANNOT BE DISMISSED EXCEPT BY DECISION OF A COURT. — THE ORDINANCE OF COUNCILS TO CARRY THE BILL INTO EFFECT. — POLICE SURGEON FRENCH. — POL- ICE SOLICITOR MILES. — DISTRICT ATTORNEY GRA- HAM AND HIS STAFF. — FIRST ASSISTANT BREGY. — SECOND ASSISTANT KINSEY.— THIRD ASSISTANT SIN- ER. — MURDER DETECTIVE MYERS. — DETECTIVE WEYL. — THE PARK GUARDS. — THE GHASTLY FIND OF A GUARD. — THE DEALEY MURDER. — PARK GUARD DOR- SEY WHO ARRESTED THE MURDERER PROBST.— THE MYSTERIOUS DUTCHMAN. John C. Bullitt, the father of the Bullitt Bill, is a Kentuckian by birth, having been born in Jefferson County of that State, Feb- ruary 10, 1824. He received a fine education at private schools, and afterwards graduated at Centre College. Kentucky. He ihen studied law, and made a specialty of commercial law. practising in Louisville, Kentucky. He came to Philadelphia in 1849, and rapidly rose in his profession until he achieved an en- viable reputation. For a decade of years he used his influence, 41 642 THE PHILADELPHIA POLICE, to secure better municipal government for the city of his adoption. In 1877 a .commission was appointed by Governor Hartranft to draft a code for the government of cities in the State of Pennsyl- vania. The commission consisted of eleven members. It was in session during the 'arger portion of the year, and reported to the Legislature in January, 1887, a bill which divided the cities of the commonwealth into several classes. The city of Philadelphia was the only city of the first class. This act was accompanied by a report from the commission, pointing out the defects in the sys- tems of municipal government in the State, and especially in the larger cities, and the manner in which the commission had en- deavored to remedy or provide against them. As the act was drawn it was supposed to militate very much against the interests of what was known as the " machine politicians " in large cities. Through their influence in the Legislature the bill was smothered in committee and not reported to the legislative bod^y. Various efforts were made to induce the Legislature to take the matter up, but without avail. At the next session of the Legislature in 1879, the matter was again pressed upon Legislators but with no more success. Again at the session of 1881 it was presented, but still without effect. Upon the meeting of the Legislature in 1883, a bill was pre- pared providing a form of government for cities of the first class — it only being intended for the city of Philadelphia. Mr. Bullitt and his friends succeeded, during that winter, in having the bill brought before the Legislature in a way to attract attention, and secure for it much more careful consideration than at any previous time. In the course of that year Mr. M. S. Quay, since elected to the U. S. Senate, became its advocate, and this gave it nuich more strength than before. At the session of 1885 it was ear- nestly advocated by Robert Adams of the Senate, and with the strength it had gathered from year to year it was adopted, and be- came a law, with the provision, however, that it should not take effect until the year 1887. The first election under its provisions was held on the third Tuesday, the 15th day of February, 1887, when Mr. Edwin H. Fitler, the Republican nominee, was elected Mayor. Article III. of the bill provides that : " The Department of Public Safety shall be under the charge of one director, who shall be the head thereof." PAST AND PRESENT. 643 " The care, management, administration and supervision of thie police affairs, and all matters relating to the public health, to the fire and police force, lire-alarm telegraph, erection of fire-escapes and the inspection of .buildings and boilers, markets and goods sold therein, shall be in charge of this department." "No person shall be employed in this department as a police- man who is not a citizen of the United States, or who has been convicted of crime, unless pardoned, or who cannot read and write understandingly in the English language, or who shall not have resided within the State at least one year preceding his appointment." "The superintendent of police, whenever directed by the department, shall appoint and cause to be sworn in any number of additional patrolmen to do duty at any place in the city desig- nated by, and at the charge and expense of, the person or persons who may ask for such appointment. They shall be subject to and obey the orders, rules and regulations of the department, and conform to the general discipline and regulations thereof." " The Mayor may, upon an emergency or apprehension of riot or mob, take command of the police force and appoint as many spe- cial patrolmen as he may deem advisable. During their services the special appointees shall possess the powers and perform the duties of regular employees of the department, and shall receive such compensation as shall be authorized by the Mayor, not ex- ceeding that of the regular officers of the force performing corre- sponding duties." "The department shall make suitable regulations under which the officers and members of the police force shall be required to wear an appropriate uniform. It shall be a misdemeanor, punish- able by fine not exceeding five hundred dollars and imprisonment not exceeding six months, or either or both, in the discretion of the Court, for any person to falsely personate by uniform, insignia or otherwise any officer or member of the department." " There shall be created and established by ordinance a pen- sion fund, to be maintained by an equal and proportionate monthly charge made against each member of the police force, which fund shall be safely invested and held in trust by the Com- missioners of the Sinking Fund, and applied upon such terms and regulations as Councils may by ordinance prescribe for the benefit of such members of the police force as shall receive honorable 644 THE PHILADELPHIA POLICE, discharges therefrom by reason of age or disability, and the families of such as may be injured or killed in the service ; but such allowance as shall be made to those who are retired by reason of the disabilities of age shall be in conformity with a uni- form scale." " No policeman shall be dismissed without his written consent, except by the decision of a court, either of trial or of inquiry, duly determined and certified in writing to the Mayor, which court shall be composed of persons belonging to the police force, equal or superior in official position therein to the accused. Such de- cision shall only be determined by trial of charges, with plain specifications made by or lodged with the director of the Depart- ment of Public Safety, of which trial the accused shall have due notice, and at which he shall have the right to be present in person. The persons composing such court shall be appointed and sworn by the director of the Department of Public Safety to perform their duties impartially and without fear or favor; and the person of highest rank in such court shall have the same authority to issue and enforce process, to secure the attendance of witnesses, and to administer oaths to witnesses as is possessed by any justice of the peace in this commonwealth." " Such charges may be of disability for service, in which case the court shall be one of inquiry, whose decision may be for the honorable discharge from the service of the person concerned ; or of neglect or violation of law or duty, inefficiency, intemperance, disobedience of orders, or unbecoming official or personal conduct, in which cases the court shall be one of trial, and its decision may authorize the director of the Department of Public Safety to im- pose fines and pecuniary penalties, to be stopped from pay, or to suspend from pay or duty, or both, for a period fixed by them not exceeding one year, or to dismiss from the service." " It shall be lawful for the director of the Department of Public Safety, at his discretion, to suspend from duty, before trial, any person charged as aforesaid, until such trial can be had, with or without pay as such court shall afterwards determine, but no trial shall be delayed for more than one month after charge made." " The finding of the court of trial or inquiry, as aforesaid, shall be of no effect until approved by the Mayor." The ordinance carrying into effect the section of the bill pro- PAST AND PRESENT. 64s viding for the creation of the Police Pension Fund was passed by Councils on December 16, 1886. It provides as follows : Section i. The Select and Common Councils of the City of Phil- adelphia do ordain, That there shall be deducted from the pay rolls, each and every month, 2 per centum of the amount due as salary to each member of the police force, which 2 per centum shall be paid to the Sinking Fund Commissioners of the city of Philadelphia, for the purpose of establishing a Pension Fund, on such terms and conditions as shall be hereinafter provided. The said fund to be known as the Police Pension Fund. Sect. 2. The director of public safety, or such other person or persons as may be directed by ordinance, shall draw warrants in favor of the said employees for 98 per centum, due and payable to them as salaries, and shall draw warrants in favor of the Sink- ing Fund Commissioners "for 2 per centum of the said salaries due the said employees. Sect. 3. The said Sinking Fund Commissioners shall hold the moneys thus paid to them in trust, for the benefit of such members of the police force as shall receive honorable discharge from service by reason of age or disability, and the families of such as may be injured or killed in the service of the city. The said money and all other moneys received for the benefit of this fund shall be safely invested by the said Sinking Fund Commissioners in United States or State of Pennsylvania loans, or the securities of the city of Philadelphia. The accounts of moneys received from respective forces shall be kept distinct from each other. The above pensions shall be directed to be paid to the members of the police force, or their families, as shall hereinafter be di- rected. The same shall be paid by the said Sinking Fund Commission- ers from the income of the securities invested. But if the income shall be insufficient, then the same shall be paid from the principal thereof. Sect. 4. The said Sinking Fund Commissioners shall pay all warrants drawn by the director of public safety (or such other person or persons as shall be empowered by ordinance) and signed by the city controller. At the end of each and every fiscal year they shall present a re- 646 THE PHILADELPHIA POLICE, port to the Mayor of the city, with an accurate account of all their transactions. Sect. 5. The Mayor shall appoint three persons, who shall con- stitute the Board of Pension Commissioners. They shall serve without salary. Said Board shall meet at least monthly. At their first meeting they shall fix a certain day in each calendar month as their stated day of meeting. One of them shall serve one year, another two years, and the third three years. They shall, at their said first meeting, settle by lot the duration of their respective terms. The Mayor shall appoint each year a suc- cessor, to serve three years. Each appointment to this Board shall require to be confirmed by Select Council. The Board of Pension Commissioners shall hear and decide upon all applications for pensions, subject to the conditions named in this ordinance. The director of the Department of Public Safety shall assign a clerk from his department to be their secretary. Whenever they shall award a pension, it shall be the duty of their secretary (or other duly authorized officer) to certify to the city controller and Sinking Fund Commissioners the amount of pension granted in each case, the cause for which it was allowed, and the name of the person entitled to receive the same. No member of this Board shall at any time be otherwise con- nected with any departments of the city. Sect. 6. The Board shall make such rules and regulations for their government as in their judgment they may deem necessary. They shall have the power to revise their actions, to decrease or annul any pensions granted, or any part thereof. They shall also have power to increase pensions granted : Provided, The said increase shall not be in excess of the amount named in this ordinance. They shall keep an accurate record of all cases acted upon. Sect. 7. All pensions shall be payable monthly. Sect. 8. In case of the death of any officer or member of the police force, caused in or resulting from the performance of duty, whether the same shall occur before or after retirement from the service, there shall be paid to his widow a sum not exceeding $200 per annum, for five years, unless she shall remarry, in which case the said pension shall cease and determine. Sect. 9. In case he leaves a child, or children under fourteen PAST AND PRESENT. 647 years of age, a sum not exceeding $150 per annum for each child, shall be paid for the benefit of the said children, in such manner as may be deemed best by the Board of Pension Commissioners : Provided, The said pension shall cease and determine when the said child or children attain the age of fourteen years. In case there be no widow, child, or children, but an aged parent or parents dependent on him for support there shall bt; paid to each parent as long as they may live a sum not exceeding $150 per annum. Sect. 10. Any member of the police force, who shall receive honorable discharge from the service by reason of age, shall be entitled to a pension in an annual amount to be ascertained in conformity with the following scale : Every such member who shall have served five years shall re- ceive a pension in the amount of $75 per annum. For each ad- ditional year throughout which he sh^ll have served, the pension shall be increased by $15 : Provided, That no pension on account of age shall exceed $300. Sect. ii. All officers or members of the police force who shall be retired from service by reason of disability, arising from other causes than age, shall be paid a sum not exceeding JS300 per annum for life : Provided, That except in the case of injury hereafter received, they shall have served in the police force five consecutive years preceding the disability. Sect. 12. Resignation or discharge from the force for miscon- duct, or the removal of the pensioner from the State, shall forfeit all claims to pensions. Sect. 13. No person shall have any claim for a pension of any kind or description except for the reasons above stated. Sect. 14. The foregoing regulations are made subject to the right of Councils to modify the same from time to time, in such manner as they may deem most advantageous and equitable toward the beneficiaries, or more conducive to an efficient police force. POLICE SURGEON FRENCH. Dr. Morris Stroud French, police surgeon, was born in Cincin- nati, Ohio, September 28, 1856, his father being an eminent lawyer of that city. After a thorough preliminary education he commenced the study of medicine in the Medical College of Ohio, 648 THE PHILADELPHIA POLICE, being a private pupil of Dr. \V. W. Dawson, Professor of Surgery, and of Dr. James T. Whittalcer, Professor of Medicine, in that institution. Being anxious to avail himself of the instruction of the great master-surgeon, the late Professor S. D. Gross, he fin- ished his medical education at Jefferson Medical College in this city, graduating in the class of 1876, " the Centennial class," and commenced his practice here the following year. When Mayor Smith entered upon the duties of his office Dr. French was appointed police surgeon. His first duty was to make a physical examination of every man in the police depart- ment and of each candidate for appointment. January i, 1886, Councils made him also surgeon to the fire department, and subsequently passed a resolution instructing him to make a physi- cal examination of the members of that department, and prohibit- ing the Commissioners from making appointments, or promotions, until the applicant had first passed a satisfactory physical exami- nation. To Mayor Smith belongs the credit of having first introduced physical requirements and medical supervision into the police and fire departments of Philadelphia, having found such in force in most of the great cities both here and abroad. The improve- ment lesulting from this is strikingly apparent upon comparing the present force with that of the past. The duties of the police surgeon consist in having sanitary supervision over the police and fire stations, attending officers who have been injured in the discharge of their duty, examining all applicants for appointment in the police and fire department, and he is also required to examine insane persons in the custody of the police department. Since his appointment Dr. French has made a physical exami- nation of nearly four thousand men, besides having responded to more than seven hundred calls from sick and injured members of the department, and has given attention to the hundreds of un- known and friendless insane that are annually picked up upon the streets of a great city. Dr. French has always devoted himself to the practice of sur- gery, having had experience in several large hospitals to fit him for the duties of public and private practice, and has also contrib- uted largely to the literature of medicine and surgery. He is a member of the leading national, State and local medical societies PAST AND PRESENT. 649 and has been treasurer of the Pathological Society for many years. In his report to Mayor Smith for the first year after assuming the office Police Surgeon French, speaking of disabled officers, said : " You will see by the records that 40 men have been serv- ing faithfully upon the police force for more than 20 years. Some of these men have reached an age that renders them unfit to discharge their duties. The exposure to cold and inclement weather is a matter of risk to them, they take their lives in their hands. Other cities make provision for those who have faithfully served the public for so many years and provide for old age. A policeman should be physically sound in every respect, the re- sponsibilities requiring men of activity. Those who have grown old in the service should be provided for by Councils with posi- tions they could readily fill, such as janitors, messengers, etc., in public offices. The question of pensions is also one of much im- portance ; of course, you can but recommend such matters to Councils, it is for that body to consider and reject or adopt, as all questions of public benefit or protection are at their disposition. The knowledge that in the event of death, injur}' or illness re- ceived on duty, the wife and children of the policeman will be provided for by the people whose property and life he has sworn to protect, will stimulate and encourage him to do his duty faith- fully, as it is but natural for a man engaged in a duty involving risk and danger to think of those dear to him, of those depending upon him fqr comfort and subsistence. Several instances have come under your Honor's notice, of faithful officers being in dis- tress owing to the want of necessaries for their families. The in- jury received in discharging their duty had caused unfitness for service, and in consequence their income had ceased, leaving them unprovided for by the public in whose service their injury or sick- ness had been received or contracted." Dr. French has prepared a pamphlet, which is furnished to every policeman on the force, called " Hints and Helps for Officers of the Police Department, in Case of Accidents and Emer- gencies." It is a valuable little book, and the directions it con- tains are couched in such language as to be easily understood, and the remedies readily applied by the officers. 6go THE PHILADELPHIA POLICE, POLICE SOLICITOR MILES. James L. Miles, police solicitor, was born in Philadelphia. He was educated at the public schools, graduating from the Cen- tral High School. For ten years he was connected with the old foreign shipping and commission house of S. Morris Wain & Co., in various positions of trust and responsibility. He studied law in the office of Col. William B. Mann, and graduated from the law department of the University of Pennsylvania. He was ad- mitted to the Bar in 1881. His duties gs police solicitor are to attend to such legal matters affecting the members of the force in the discharge of their offi- cial duties, and to advise them on all questions touching the same when so requested. DISTRICT ATTORNEY GRAHAM AND HIS STAFF. The district attorney's office is a factor not to be overlooked in the police administration of Philadelphia. At times it is a leader in police reform, and always an ally of good government. The present district attorney, George Scott Graham, who is now serv- ing his second term, having been elected in 1886 without opposi- tion, is the youngest and one of the ablest lawyers who have held the position. He is of Scotch-Irish ancestry, and was born in Philadelphia September 13, 1850. He received his early educa- tion in Jefferson Grammar School, in Fifth Street above Poplar, and intended to complete it at the Central High School, but at a period when fitted for the latter institution he was withdrawn from the public school and his instruction was committed to the care of his brother, the Reverend Robert Graham. At the age of sixteen young Graham entered the law office of George W. Dedrick, Esq., and was also matriculated in the law department of the University of Pennsylvania, from which he graduated some three years later as Bachelor of Laws, and was admitted to practice in 1870, from the office of John Roberts, Esq. Applying himself industriously to the profession, and possessing many of the qualifications which lead to forensic success, he gained an honorable recognition on the part of the public, and speedily won for himself a very desir- able clientage. At an early period he also turned his attention to politics, and in 1876 was chosen to a seat in Select Council from PAST AND PRESENT. 651 tJ'e Twenty-ninth Ward. Here he rapidly rose into prominence, and was made chairman of the Committee on Law, and awarded a place on the Finance Committee. In 1880, Mr. Graham was elected district attorney by a majority of 20,000. He is a good lawyer, a forcible speaker, and an excel- lent official, punctual, industrious, persevering and successful. During his incumbency he has tried a great many important cases, and in one year secured the conviction of six murderers. Francis Amedee Bregy, First assistant district attorney, was born in Centreville, Bucks County, Pennsylvania, September 7, 1846. His father was a French gentleman, who came to this country in 1840. Mr. Bregy received his early instruction in the public schools of Philadelphia, and at the proper age entered the University of Pennsylvania. He left that institution at the end of his sophomore year to enter the army, which he did in 1863 as a private in the First Philadelphia Artillery. In 1864 he was com- missioned second lieutenant in the Two Hundred and Fifteenth Pennsylvania Volunteers. Upon his return home he entered the law department of the University of Pennsylvania and registered in the law office of Francis A. Van Cleve. In October, 1867, he was admitted to the Bar. He directed his attention to criminal law, and soon secured a prominent place. District Attorney Willian B. Mann, in 1872, selected Mr. Bregy as one of his assist- ants, and he served the county under that gentleman for three years. After leaving the district attorney's office he secured a large practice, for one of his years, at the Bar, and was counsel for the defence in a number of important cases. His intimate ac- quaintance with rules of pleading qualified him for first assistant district attorney, to which he was appointed by District Attorney Graham, in 1881. He is particularly skilled in drawing up bills of indictment, and is noted for the celerity with which he conducts trials in minor criminal cases. He has tried more than fifty cases in a single day, and this without doing injustice to the persons ac- cused. As prosecuting officer Mr. Bregy, while cool and dispas- sionate in the presentation of damaging facts, and conscientious in affording defendants every privilege that the law grants, is vigorous and lucid in argument, and searching in cross examina- tion. John Lippencott Kinsey, second assistant district attorney, was born in Philadelphia August 29, 1846. He attended a 652 THE PHILADELPHIA POLICE, boarding-school in New Jersey, graduating from a select sem- inary in Philadelphia. After a year's experience in mercantile pursuits he entered the law office of Albert S. Letchworth, and was admitted to the Bar in October, 1872. He devoted his atten- tion to general law and equity practice, and did not often appear at the Bar of the criminal court. He was appointed third assist- ant district attorney by District Attorney Graham in 1881, and upon the resignation of Charles F. Warwick, elected city solicitor, was made second assistant. John A. Siner, the third assistant district attorney, was born in Philadelphia August 24, 1848. He received his early educa- tion in the public schools, and entered the high school. He did not complete the course, however, but left to fit himself for the Bar, studying in the office of George S. Graham. He was admitted to the Bar in 1879, and devoted himself to general prac-" tice until his appointment by Mr. Graham in 1884, to succeed John L. Kinsey, promoted. Attached to the district, attorney's office are two detectives, who are employed in securing evidence against indicted persons. Charles F. Myers is the murder detective, devoting his attention wholly to homicide cases. He is a Philadelphian by birth, having been born in the old district of the Northern Liberties May 15, 1836. He was a public school boy, and at a suitable age was ap- prenticed to a paper-hanger, which. trade he learned. Mr. Myers served two terms in Common Council from the Seventeenth Ward from January i, 1877, to April i, 1881. He was appointed murder detective January, 1881, and since that time has secured evidence in three hundred and twelve homi- cide cases. Many of these were quite important, and six of the homicides were convicted of murder in the first degree, sentenced and executed : John Maginnis, for the murder of his mother-in- law, March 4, 1884 ; Dr. Albert Goersen, for the murder of his wife, March 5, 1885 ; Charles E. Briggs, for the murder of his wife, March 17, 1885 ; Joseph Taylor, for the murder of prison- keeper Michael Dornan, of the Eastern Penitentiary, July 17, 1885 ; Richard Treuke, for the murder of Auguste Zimm, February 12, 1885, and James Kane, who murdered his brother Andrew, July 7, 1885. His labors are quite arduous, as it is his duty to prepare the evidence in every case as soon as the person accused is indicted, follow up clews that have only been partly developed PAST AND PRESENT. 653 and see that witnesses for the defence are on hand on the day of trial. Henry Weyl, who looks after the general detective work of the office, has been identified with the detective business for the last fifteen years. He was born at Mount Holly, N. J., December i6, 1843, but his parents removed to Wilmington, Delaware, when he was an infant, and there he attended the public schools. At the age of sixteen he came to Philadelphia and learned the trade of fancy cake baker, at which he worked for four years. He left this to take a position in Disston's Saw Works, where he remained six years. When the paid fire department was organized in 187 1, Mr. Disston secured Weyl's appointment as messenger to the commissioners. When Mayor Stokley took his seat he ap>- pointed Weyl a special officer at the Central Station. He was subsequently detailed as murder detective to Coroner Powers, but after serving in this capacity for six months the mayor created him a full detective. He has a wonderful memory of faces and names, and it was a part of his duty while at headquarters to keep the " Thieves' Record." He knows every professional crook in the United States, and has the most complete private collection of rogues' portraits in the country, over 1200 in number. During the Centennial he did good service by arresting every professional thief that he met, photographing him and sending copies of the picture to all the station-houses in the city. He was employed on the celebrated Charlie Ross case, and secured a great deal of the evidence which resulted in the arrest and conviction of the Wes- tervelts. When Secretary of the Navy Robeson was robbed in New York City, Weyl recognized the thief from the description given, and, going to New York, arrested the notorious " Poodle " Murphy, for the crime. In 1877 he was sent after Robert Fox, the then proprietor of a notorious variety theatre in Philadel- phia. Fox had eluded the authorities and fled from the city in company with a danseuse connected with his theatre. He was wanted on various charges, and it was generally believed that he and his paramour had sailed for Europe. Weyl, after weeks of search, traced the fugitive to Willow Grove and arrested him. In 1881 District Attorney Graham appointed him to his present position, and he resigned from the detective force. He has charge of the general detective business of the office, and it was mainly through his efforts that the wholesale " jury fixing," which had 6j^ THE PHILADELPHIA POLICE, SO long disgraced the Court of Quarter Sessions, was brokeii Up. There were a score of men in Philadelphia, led by the notorious George Rankin, who made a business of furnishing "straw" or bogus bail. Weyl drove these rascals from the city and broke up their business. He is frequently called upon to identify unknown criminals, and if the crook has a record, Weyl can immediately call his name, give his aliases and a correct history of his ca- reer. THE FAIRMOUNT PARK GUARDS. Although the Park Guards are a separate and distinct organiza- tion, independent of the city police department, in a history of this character they properly receive mention. In 1867 Councils, by ordinance, authorized the creation of a De- partment of Parks, to be governed by a Commission composed of ten members, appointed by the courts, to which were added, by virtue of their office, the Mayor, President of Common Council, President of Select Council, Chief Engineer of the Water Depart- ment, Commissioner of City Property, and the Chief Engineer and Surveyor. This body has absolute control over the management of Fairmount and the Hunting parks. For the proper policing of these parks the Commissioners employ a company of Park Guards, consisting of seventy-three privates, five sergeants, and a captain. Fairmount is the largest park in the United States, and the fifth largest in the world. The Centennial Exhibition of 1876 was held within its limits, and Memorial Hall, Horticultural Hall and sev- eral other buildings that were donated to the park by the builders are left as monuments of the great exposition. Besides these edifices there are scattered throughout the park many old and historic mansions, which have been modernized without detriment to their ancient picturesqueness, and are used as refreshment saloons for the comfort and convenience of the thousands of pleas- ure seekers who yearly visit the park. Besides these buildings there are quite a number of statues of prominent men, several clas- sic and allegorical groups in bronze and marble, costly and beautiful drinking fountains and other works of art. It is the duty of the Park Guards to exercise a general super- vision over this property, to prevent the commission of crime within the limits of the park, enforce the ordinances against fast driving, and to see that no vandal mutilates the statuary or de- PAST AND PRESENT. 655 Stroys the flowers, plants and trees. The Schuylkill River runs through the park, and the finest long-distance rowing course in the country extends from Fairmount to Belmont Mansion, a distance of three miles. No professional races are allowed over this course, but amateur racing is encouraged, and the " Schuylkill Navy " is distinguished for the beauty of its club houses, and the number and enthusiasm of its members. There are eight barge and boat clubs in the navy, and regattas are held every year under the au- spices of the association. To prevent drowning accidents the river is regularly patrolled during the summer months by several boats manned by Park Guards, each craft being provided with the necessary appliances for the rescue of persons in peril, and for the raising of dead bodies from the depths of the river. During the winter months there is fine skating on the river, and a detail of the guards is kept busy looking after the safety of the skaters. The headquarters of the Park Guards are at Sedgley, on the east bank of the Schuylkill River, near Girard Avenue bridge, and there are several sub-stations, one at Belmont, one in the East Park, and one on Wissahickon Creek. The headquarters and the sub-sta- tions are fitted up with cells for the temporary safe keeping of prisoners, who are ultimately turned over to the police lieutenant whose station-house is nearest the place of arrest. To give an adequate idea of the multifarious duties of the Park Guards, an abstract of the report of the captain of the guards for the year 1886 is given. During that year 1,531,946 pedestrians, 27,748 equestrians, 21,489 bicycles, 341,220 one-horse, 188,151 two- horse, 244 four-horse vehicles, and 31,025 sleighs visited the park and were counted by the guards on duty at the various entrances. Nine persons were drowned and six were rescued from suicide. Two persons committed suicide, and seven made the attempt but did not succeed. 164 arrests were made, 128 lost children were restored to their parents, and 78 "pistols " were found. On the morning of March 26, 1884, one of the Park Guards, who was patrolling the road which borders Wissahickon Creek, was accosted by a boy who pointed out to him the decomposing trunk of a man, which he had discovered in the creek. On May 5 and June 15 of the same year, the Park Guards and the police found the head and limbs of a man, which completed the body. It was supposed to be the remains of Frederic Stahl, a butcher, who disappeared mysteriously eariy in 1884, and has never since been 656 THE PHILADELPHIA POLICE, found. Severn! arrests were made, but it was not definitely proven that the body was Stahl's. In October, 1884, John M. Wilson sur- rendered himself in Chicago, and confessed that the mangled remains were those of Anthony Dealey, a farmer, in Montgomery County, Penn., for whom he had worked. On the night of January 3, 1884, Wilson murdered Dealey, set his house on fire, cut up his body and carried the remains to Wissahickon Creek. Wilson was convicted of the crime and hanged January 13, 1887. This is one of the strangest cases in police annals. Dealey was a prosperous farmer, well known, and had near relatives living in Philadelphia. On the day after the murder Wilson drove Dealey's horses and cattle to Norrislown and disposed of them. With the money thus obtained he fled. He represented that Dealey had gone West to seek a new home, and had authorized him to dispose of his property, and no one ever thought of ques- tioning the truth of his story. Months passed and Dealey's farm lay idle. His relatives, of course, received no word from the missing man, but even they never suspected that he had been the victim of foul play. James Dorsey, who arrested the brutal and notorious Antoine Probst, murderer of the Deering family, was born in Philadelphia October 25, 1841. During the war he served two terms in the State service, once about six weeks in the Fifty-second Regiment of Pennsylvania Infantry, and again in the Twelfth Regiment of Infantry for a few days in 1863, when Lee raided into Pennsyl- vania. He was appointed to the police force by Mayor Henry, May I, 1865, and was assigned to the Sixth District. May 5, 1869, he resigned, and on the 2Sth of August of the same year was appointed a Park Guard, in which position he has served with fidelity since, his record being without a single black mark against it. He tells the following story of Probst's arrest : "On the seventh day of April, 1866, eight members of the Deering family were murdered at their farm on "The Neck," below Philadelphia. Two days afterward the dead bodies were discovered, but it was not until the following day that suspicion pointed to Probst, who was a farm hand employed by Mr. Deering, as the murderer. His description was sent to all the station- houses, and at roll call each officer was particularly instructed to keep a lookout for him. I was a young officer, and ambitious to PAST AND PRESENT. 6S7 distinguish myself. While patrolling my beat, I kept a sharp eye for all suspicious looking Dutchmen, and halted and questioned a great many. On the night of the twelfth of April, at about twenty minutes before nine, I was standing at the corner of Twenty-third and Market streets with two brother officers. It was a dark, gloomy night and a drizzling rain was falling. While we were talking a man passed us going toward the bridge. He was slouching along close to the buildings, and one of my companions pointed him out and said : "'There goes an Irishman, Dorsey, follow him up and arrest him. It may be Probst in disguise.' " ' I'll see who he is, anyway,' was my reply, and I followed on after him. " My partners laughed derisively and crossed the street to an oyster saloon. I overtook the suspicious stranger just before he reached the bridge, and tapping him on the shoulder, said : " ' Good evening ! ' " ' How do ? ' he muttered, and hung his head. " I pulled off his cap and looked him squarely in the face. " ' You're a Dutchman ! ' said I. " ' No, me Frenchman ! ' he answered. "'Anyway, I want you,' said I, and I took him by the shoulder and led him back to the station-house. When he stood up in front ' of the rail I noticed that his right thumb was missing, and I knew that it was Probst. The next morning Mrs. Dolan positively rec- ognized him as Probst. Acting under orders from the lieutenant I took him before Mayor McMicbael, and in his presence and mine Probst confessed that he murdered the boy Carey who worked for the Deerings. He denied killing the others, however, claiming that they were murdered by his accomplice, Frederick Genther. Afterwards he admitted murdering the whole family, and he was hanged for the crime." GENERAL INDEX. Alrichs, Jacob Almshouses, The Friends' Alms, or Bettering-House, the. .. Block, Hans Blackburn, Alex. W., Fire Mar- shal 108, 124, Blue Anchor Inn Bullitt, John C Bregy, F. Amedee, First Assistant Ifistrict Attorney Carre, Sir Bobert Claypole, John Conrad, Mayor Eobert T Curry, George W Constables 8, Consolidation of the City De La War, Lord lyHinnovossa, Alexander Dutch West India Co Delaware or Zuydt river Ducking Stool Delaware Harbor Police Dorsey, James, Park Guard Evans, Governor John Electrical Department Eighth District Eleventh District Eighteenth District Equipment Bureau Fox, Mayor Daniel M Franklin, Benjamin Fell, Wm. F., Inspection Clerk... First District Fourth District Fifth District Fourteenth Dbtrict Fifteenth District French, Dr. Morris S., Police Surgeon Fairmount Park Guards Girard, Stephen Givin, Samuel 1 158, 160, 6 69 70 313 33 641 651 6 16 98 158 40 97 2 6 3 2 59 619 656 35 305 446 477 644 601 132 147 246 364 410 420 504 517 647 654 75 176 Godbou, Louis 159 G raham, Geo. S. District Attorney 650 Hudson, Henry 2 Huddle, Andries 5 Holme, Thomas 16 Henry, Mayor Alexander 114 Hoyt, William A 166 Heins, William R 158 "Hired" Prison 22 High Street Prison 23 Harbor Police, creation of 123 Henry Guards 124 Jaoquet, John Paul 4 Jones, Kennard H 160 Keyser, Marshal John S 94 King, Mayor Samuel G 164 Kinsey, John L, Second Assistant District Attorney 651 Liberty Bell 65 Life saving apparatus 218 Markham, William 13 Malin, Sergeant 67 Murphy, Marshal John K 96 McMichael, Mayor Morton 126 Mnlholland, St. Clair A 138, 147 Mayor Smith's Staff. 204 Matrons at station houses 220 Miles, James L., Police Solicitor 650 Myers, Chas. F, Murder Detective 652 Nicolls, Col. Bichard 7 Newman, Thomas 67 Ninth District 457 Nineteenth District 553 Printz, Governor 4 Penn, William 11, 17 Penn, AVilliam, Jr 37 Patton, John 67 Porter, William A 78 Pennsvlvania, charter to Penn for 11 Philadelphia 16 Provincial Court 18 (659) 660 GENERAl, INDEX. Pillory 59 Police and Fire Alarm Telegraph 112 Police, application for appoint- ment to 197 Police Surgeon's certificate 201 Police inquiry blanks concerning applicants 203 Police harbor boats, King and Stokley 206 Police reviewB and parades 236 Police Patrol Service 388 Patrol Station No. 1 402 Patrol Station No. 5 425 Patrol Station No. 3 534 Patrol Station No. 4 563 Patrol Station No. 2 574 Patrol Station No. 6 611 Philadelphia, New Charter 641 Police Pension P'und 643 Police Pension Fund, ordinance creating 645 Police, Provisions of New Char- ter, Concerning 642 Ruggles, Sam'lG...109,n4, 126, 132 Riots, the Negro 77 Riots, the Weavers'. 78 Riots, Native American 79 Riot, St Mary Street 90 Reserve Corps, formation of 107 Riots, Railroad of 1877 181 Reserve Corps 352 Ross, Charley, abduction of. 507 Scott, Mayor John M 83 Stokley, Mayor William S 150 Swedish West India Co 3 Schout 5 Stone Prison 55 Substitute Patrolmen 122 Smith, Mayor William £ 189 Surgeons, District ■ 213 Stewart, Jas., Jr., Chief of Police 226 Second Dbtrict 374 Sixth District 427 Seventh District 439 Sub-Stations 496 Sixteenth District 525 Seventeenth District 536 Schuylkill Harbor Police.... 635 Siner, John A., Third Assistant District Attorney 652 Time Service Stripes 224 Thompson, Joseph W, Clerk to Chief of Police 245 Tryon, Edward K 251 Third District 401 Tenth District 467 Twelfth District 486 Thirteenth District 498 Twentieth District 560 Twenty-first District 570 Twenty-second District 679 Twenty-third District 687 Twenty-fourth District 598 Twenty-fifth District 607 Uniforms 223 Vaux, Mayor Richard 105 Van Service 222 Walker, David R., Chief Elec- trical Department 112, 307 Wood, Joseph 117 Wood, Charles W 158 Watchman, the first nightly 27 Watchmen 41, 70 Watch-boxes 47 Watch-houses 62 Whipping Post ' 56 Walnut Street Prison 61 Wayfarers' Lodges 220 Weyl, Henry, Detective 653 York, Duke of 7 INDEX TO POLICEMEN: A Roster of the Force. Atkinson, Amos W., Detective 299 AUmeudingur, William, Detoctive 300 Allbright, Jacob, Captain 344 AtkinsOD, Andrew J., Reserve ;i(13 Ashtou, Joseph K., Keserve 363 Ashton, Edmund Y., Keserve 364 Allen, Henry 369 Adams, Joel 3S0 Addleton, Kobert 38) Alexander, Thomas, Special Oliicer 405 Ashmore, Thomas 407 Abadie, Alfred 408 Allbright, Charles A 417 Alexander, John W 418 Anderson, Peter 424 Arbuckle, Joseph 433 Apple, George 436 Allbright, William 444 Arbuckle, John 44>5 Ahern, Edward 445 Adams, Ellsworth 446 Ambron, Adam 446 Adams, Joseph 453 Austin, Charles 454 Andress, Casper 455 Auble, Edward 464 Ashman, William 464 Aiken, Alexander 4G5 Allison, Oscar 465 Aird, Gieorge 474 Abel, George W 483 Ashton, Frank B., House Sergeant 490 Acker, Frederick 491 Allison, Albert C, Lieutenant 498 Aiman, William 513 Ashton, William R., Sergeant 613 Atkinson, Harvey 521 AbramS, Jacob 622 Abrams, William M 524 Allison, Joseph R., Sergeant 526 Adams, Francis S 533 Allen, Charles B 540 Allen, Robert 550 Addis, William 5.57 Almeda, Anthony 557 Allmond, Thom;i3 A 658 Atkinson^Tames 565 Addison, William 679 Ashton, William H RRr, Attmore, Samuel 5H7 Aikens, Charles 604 Anderson, John, Special OlUccr 612 Applegate, George M 614 Ashman, Charles 617 Ashman, Josiab 618 Allen, Charles, Sergeant 630 Brown, Thomas, Captain 323 Bye, Alfred P., Detective 301 Bond, Kerlin C, Detective 281 Brode, Walter, Jr., Lieutenant 355 Bechtlll, Henry, Reserve 356 Bell, Robert J., House Sergeant 368 Brown, Robert 371 Berk, John sji Beatty, Alexander, Sergeant 377 Bickley, Albert K, Special Officer 378 Burton, John J ago Buchanan, James 380 Berry, Richard 38:) Booth, William 385 Boswell, George 887 Berger, Paul 888 Boston, Harry C 405 Boyde, Alexander 405 Bracken, Kobert 406 Brown, Frederick 406 Burns, William 406 Brunet, Adolph 408 Burns, Robert 414 Beam, Harry A 415 Baumgratz, Frank 415 Barnard, John R. 417 Burk, Jeremiah 417 Boon, William 423 Brown, Joseph W 423 Blizzard, David M 424 Babe, William, Jr., House Sergeant 431 Brown, Robert 434 Boileau, William 435 Boyce, Joseph M 436 Blackburn, Oliver 437 Brown, Harry C, House Sergeant 440 Bastian, Daniel 444 Buck, IJewis 445 Boxburger, Louis 445 Barry, Thomas J 445 Hrooks, James 452 Bourquin, Theodore F 452 Bartley, George 453 Bloom, Martin 454 Brooks, William J 466 Buddy, William 457 Berry, Philip 461 Brines, James 463 Bryan, Ralph 463 Ball, James 464 Brady, Thaddeus H 465 Beale, Charles E., Lieutenant 467 Bausch, Joseph 472 Binder, Michael 472 Bash, Charles 473 Boyer, William If 475 Bregler, Frederick 475 Boyd, George W 476 Beiderraan, George M 482 Bradshaw, Joseph H 482 Baldwin, John 484 Bennett, Charles E 484 Black, Augustus 485 Brode, Walter, Sr., Sergeant 489 Barry, William 494 Brewer, Elijah 494 Baird, James H 495 Bowers, Judson 495 Boyer, Jacob A 496 (661) 662 INDEX TO POLICEMEN. Bodkin, Richard 503 BowBD, Alfred A. 604 Buchanan, Alexander, Lieutenant 604 Boggs, Daniel P 612 Brooks, William 613 Ballon, Zephinia S SU Buchanan, Edward 614 Barnes, John 616 Brown, Andrew 616 Bell, Kobert 621 Booz, Otho E 622 Boll. John 622 Baldwin, William R., Special Officer 622 Burke, Charles R 623 Bromiley.Eli 623 Browler. George W 624 Bailey, E. M., Lieutenant 625 Boyd, Alexander 631 Baumgardner, George 631 Bailey, Eufus B 632 Biles, Joseph 633 Brown, George W., Patrol Sergeant 535 Berry, Jonathan 635 Black, John W 541 Baiter, Woolsey 642 Bowden, John 642 Black, Charles 543 Byard, John T 843 Boyle, John 548 Barsantee, Alonzo 550 Boyer, Henry 651 Benner, Isaac 653 Brown, Thomas C, House Sergeant 654 Boyd, John McE., House Sergeant 654 Blee, Francis 657 Bennett, John H 655 Bonn, Joseph M 559 Berens, Bernard, House Sergeant 563 Bertron, William 5«5 Bernard, John 665 Black, Robert 565 Bell, William 666 Barger, Benjamin 667 Blanklcy, George, Lieutenant 570 Brooks, J. P., Sergeant 674 Boston, George W 575 Burchfield, William 675 Barrett, John F 677 Bingham, Frank D 678 Bartlett, James 579 Bailey, William P 679 Barringer, Jacob 586 Beesley, Jacob 686 Boyd, Alexander 686 Blattau, Jacob 686 Bo^m, John 694 Brown, Martin V 694 Brower, Henry 695 Beers, Edwins 595 Babe, William 696 Bitting, John N 696 Brown, Robert 697 Burgin, Albert, Sergeant 602 Blumhardt, William 603 Black, Johu 604 Bloomer, John 604 Betzold, Lewis 606 Bossley, Xjewis 607 Buchanan, Francis, Sergeant 60S Bouvier, William M 614 Behmke. William H 615 Bevens, Samuel 615 Bruce, George F 615 Bowen, William G., Jr 616 Barnbolt, Charles 617 Betzold, John 632 Buckley, William H 640 Crawford, Thomas G., Detective 288 Caverow, Samuel, Reserve 360 Cousins, John, Reserve 361 Cams, Gilbert, Reserve 364 Charlton, Andrew, Sergeant 367 Calhoun, Adaro, Sergeaut 367 Chadwick, Thomas I., House Sergeant... 368 Coffey, Bernard 369 Christy, Joseph 369 Calhoun, Alexander R 370 Gulp, George 871 Campbell, James 371 Campbell, James 372 CrlUey, Joseph F 380 Caldwell, William .n. 883 Gonsidine, Joseph N 386 Carroll, Mark F 386 Craig, Henry 887 Cromwell, George W., lluuse Sergeant... 402 Chantry, Albert W 407 Cappelli, Antoine 407 Cardwell, Robert 408 Carson, George W 409 Carroll, Robert 409 Carey, Lawrence J 409 Coneys, John J 415 Cecil, Thomas 416 Cropper, Thomas 416 Cronin, Michael 417 Carroll, James 424 Coleman, Noah 424 Chatham, George W 424 Colburn, William K 425 Crossin, John V 425 Crooks, Alexander, Patrol Sergeant 426 Clayton, James 436 Cooke, Harry C 486 Campbell, Samuel E 437 Clouser, Thomas 437 Collins, William 438 Clawges, Joseph V 444 Coffin, William 444 Carroll, Frank 444 Callaway, Jeremiah C 446 Gulp, John D 463 Colwell, James 464 Coppes, William 463 Crow, John 463 Clayton, Henry 464 Courtney, H. H 466 Cooper, George W., House Sergeant 472 Clark, Charles E 472 Crawford, Robert 473 Carlin, Frederick 473 Coulton. Frank 474 Craig, William A 476 Crossett, John 482 Clunn, John H 483 Cithcart, Robert G 484 Carver, Jacob....- 484 Cress, Charles A 484 Cahill,John 486 Curry, James 485 Calverly, WilUam H 486 Conger, Theodore H. K 496 Clegg, Timothy 602 Currier, Isaac S., Sergeant 610 Carwithen, Charles R 621 Curriston, Robert, House Sergeant.^ 629 Cady, George N 632 Chestnut, Samuel 641 Camac, John A - 641 liTDEX TO POLICEMEN. 663 Connor, John W 542 Chestnut, John S42 Goon, John L., House Sergeant 548 Clump, Andrew 5.i0 Cavea, George 553 CunninRham, Frank 558 Craig, William 5r,0 Clement,WilUam, Patrol Serjeant 503 Clinton, Daniel B., House Sergeant 504 Crocker, Samuel 5fi6 Cooper, Adam 5'i6 Cooney, Joseph 508 Connor, Daniel L 575 CaternJ)avid B 577 Grout, £dmund 577 Crean.John 577 Condon, Edward 585 Chambers, Robert 5S0 Casey, Amos 587 Carpenter, John N., Special Officer *.. 69'i Cox, Peter M 693 Clements, Moses 594 Craig, William 695 Colsher, Edward 595 Carpenter, Richard t'. 59G Chute, William H 69S Craig, John E 597 Cirpenler, Lewis F 597 Clase, Samuel, Lieutenant 598 Crealman, Hazlet, Sergeant 602 Chadwick, William B., House Sergeant.. 602 Cummings, James, Houso Sergeant 602 Craighead, Alfred, House Sergeant 602 Crupp, Edward, Special Officer 603 Grelgnton, James B 604 Crosta, Charles B 605 Creighton, Robert 6J6 Charlton, Charles P., Patrol Sergeant 611 Cowden, Joseph E 617 Currie, Lewis 617 Corson, Edward 618 Coolidge. Henry 632 Gaseley, William 632 Crossley, Samuel 639 Donaghy, James L, Detective 282 Duchar, James J., Reserve 358 Dougherty, William A., Reserve 359 Dannenbauer, William J., Reserve 361 Dawson, Lewis EX, Reserve 363 Dever,WillUm 870 Dever.Samuel 872 Dean, George 406 Dillon.Boicey 406 Dawson,Edward J 418 Decker, Charles 418 Dillard, James W 423 Deal, Abraham 444 Durham, Elijah 445 Durell, Samuel W 455 Ditman, William 457 Durham, Wittington 464 Donnelly, James 464 Dougherty, James, House Sergeant 472 Donavan, Edgar A - 486 Deperven, George W., House Sergeant... 490 Davis, George W 494 Dalton, Michael F 495 Donlap, Lewis J., House Sergeant 501 Dunnohew, John B 503 Desmond, Daniel 604 Davis, William F 61.4 Dungan, William L., Lieutenant 617 Daniels, Cyrus 521 Dingier, George 522 Dean, James A 623 Davis, Daniel C .' 531 Dearie James K 532 Doud, Charles 633 Dankel, William 11 634 Daley, John, Special Officer 634 Dickinson, Harry 536 DowDS,James 640 DoU.Johu 549 Deiiaven, John li s.'iO Dotson, Jeremiah 657 Dougherty, Hugli 658 Doster, John 566 Donohue,James 666 Dounagha, Edward J., House .Sergeant... 674 Dui^au, Cornelius 576 Dales, Williaiu 676 Davis, Levi II 676 Dougherty, Dnnid 677 Davis, Jabez B 579 Darling, Howard It., House bergeuut 684 Diver, Edward 584 Downing, John 603 Dickel, John 604 Dallas, Joseph H., bcri;eunt 608 Davis, James C, Patrol Sergeant 611 Dittert, Henry B 616 Duey, Andrew N., Pilot 639 Edgar, Charles B., Captain 331 Eckstein, Theodore C, Detective 292 Eberhardt, Leonardt, Reserve 357 Elliott, William, J 368 Eill, Harry 370 Emery, John W., Fire Marshal 320 Endress, Charles 387 Eberle, Christian 418 Evans, Frank M., House Sergeant 423 Evans, George B., House Sergeant 423 Eagan, Andrew, Sergeant 431 Edwards, Charles, Special Officer 443 Engle, Amos A 446 Ellender. Frank 456 Eakins, George E 484 Ehrmaiu Nicholas, Special Officer 490 Elliott, Fergus, House Sergeant 611 Enoch, William 621 Earl, Richard B 623 Emerict, William 649 Emery, Uonrad, Sergeant 663 Early, William, Special Officer 564 Egolf, Charles, Sergeant 684 Elfrey, George 693 Elliott, Daniel S 694 Enders, Henry, Sergeant 602 Eakens, Samuel 604 Eastburn, Benjamin F 605 Easterday, John 605 Ehresman,JohnT 606 Ellingsworth, Thomas 616 Edwards, Edward, Pilot 635 Fell, William F., Inspection Clerk 246 Forsyth, Gilbert L., Reserve 357 Flynn, Alexander, Reserve 859 Fowler, Henry 873 Fowler, Joseph 407 Forestal, John 408 Fisher, Charles W 409 Fow, Edward A 415 Frowert, Howard P 416 Flynn, Dennis 424 Fulton, George 424 Fites, Peter L 425 Foreman, George 426 664 INDEX TO POLICEMEN. FiU, Alfred 426 Ford, Samuel G., Sergeant 431 French, Henry 435 Field, Charles 11 43S Finch, James C 444 Fias, Augustus 445 Fulmer, Edward T., House Berijeant 451 Freas, Albanus 454 Foster, George 463 Fontain, Edward W 486 Fusselbach, William 1) 493 Fries, G.J 494 FuUerton, James 604 Fraley.Elttenhouse, House Sergeant 511 Ford, Samuel D 633 Ferguson, Jantes, Lieutenant 644 Fletcher. Harry, House Sergeant 648 Fowler, Charles 649 Fuller, Frank 662 Furlow, Smith 557 Fray.James H 659 Fisher, William 659 French, William 660 Fell, Thomas 667 Falls, William 6G7 Fletcher, Edwin H 575 Frease, William C 679 Fulton, Gordon, Special Officer 684 Feilcmeyer, Edmund 685 Fulmer, Arnold 685 Fisher, George 687 Flsher^Maybery 687 Flinn, Thomas L., House Sergeant 692 Freeman, Alexander H 696 Flood, Theodore 603 Flood, Edward 603 Fleming, Joseph 615 Fenton, John T>., Pilot 635 Fenton, William 635 Francis, William H., Lieutenant 635 Geyer, Frank P., Detective 295 Grace, Charles K., Reserve a'i9 Geiger, Philip, Reserve 362 Gruber, Frank, Reserve 862 Gillingbam, Thomas, Reserve 363 Qallagher, Frank 372 Gibson.John 872 Gillineham, Lewis, Lieutenant 374 Grimes. William 883 Glass, John 883 Gregory, William 885 Goldstein, Charles 886 GilBllan, Robert 387 Goldman, Lewis 407 Gillis, Joseph 407 Gauler, Henry 408 Greer, Thomas 414 Goss, George 415 Gardner, Thomas W., Special Officer 416 Greer, George 417 Greenwood, Julin W 418 Gilmore, Robert 423 Gallagher, Cornelius 425 Gibson, James 425 Goldie, John A 426 Gallagher, Joseph 426 Grassell, Charles 437 Gardner, Thomas E 438 Goodhart, George, House Sergeant 451 Graeff, William 454 Orinnage, James 456 Green, Joseph P., Lieutenant 457 GriflSth, Archibald „ 461 Griffith, John P 462 Green, William H 465 Govens, E. H 465 Gilbert, George W., Sergeant 481 Garton, Ananias 482 Graham, Koberl 485 Gutgsell, Charles 491 George^ Edward 491 Goodwin, John 11 492 Gillespie, Edward 493 Gibson, Reginald II 496 Goldstein, J. C 496 Glending, George 502 Green, William 602 Greene, Israels 504 Guyer, William...-. 612 Gentry, Charles 1) 612 Glassey, James 612 Greaves, Joshua 513 Gregory, James A 514 Gumpert, William 631 Green, Richard 632 Glassey, James 534 Green, William 642 Gourley, Samuel, 652 Gillespie, Samuel 565 Goddard, Charles 665 Gartley, Horace 669 Gibson, Edward H., House Sergeant 674 Green, Daniel 675 Gilmore, William H 678 Good, Henry 687 Godwin, William L 695 Gordon.George F., Message Clerk 601 Green, Richard F 601 Gaskill, Ellis 604 Gibb, William 614 Grimes, William, Jr 614 Gleason, Robert 616 Gorman, James 617 Houser, Joseph, Detective 274 Hulfish, William R., Detective 286 Hollsworth, William, Reserve 361 Humphries, John, ReiMirve 362 Humphries, Henry,R^erve 363 Haplitz, Alfred J 369 Hunt«r, William 372 Uagan, Patrick, Special Officer 378 Hunterson, Adam 379 Harrington,©. F 383 Hamm, Albert 386 Hattenfield, James 386 Hunter, Wesley 388 Haring, William B., House Sergeant 402 Hillary, George, Patrol Sergeant 402 Haggerty, John 406 Hurst, William A 406 Harvey, Henry 406 Hazzaro, George H 408 Hughes, William 409 Hewitt, Richard B., Sergeant 413 Henkle, Henry 416 Hughes, Frank J 418 Hartley, John 419 Hemphill, Benjamin 425 Haggerty, William W 425 Henson, William 426 Humphries, Henry 433 Haslett, William 434 Hodgson, Joseph C 434 Hallowell, Albert 4S7 Hartshome, John W 437 Henry, Frank 438 Herwig, Lewis 444 Himeback, William 446 INDEX TO POLICEMEN. 665 Hunt, Charles, 446 Haiuemaim, John 446 UuBted, James H 446 UinsoD, George B., ISergeaut ^'iO Hoffman, John^ Special OHiccr 451 Hofiteao, Lewis 4n6 Humphries, Creorge 1)., Special Officer.... 461 Haworth, William 462 Hlcltley, Charles 462 Hamilton, William C 464 HamlltOD, William H 465 Huf^hes, Charles 465 Holiingsworth, Joshua 473 Henry, Williaui 473 Hersey, William B 474 Heft, Charles 474 Harring, Samuel B 475 Hllsee, George W 475 Harmer, John W 482 Hammitt, Isaac 48^1 Harren, John 483 Howell, William J 483 Haalett, James H 486 Hall, Andrew J 494 Hosier, William H 495 Hemminger, Michael 49G Hornhy, William H., House Sergcaut.... 501 Highley.John E 603 Heius, Nicholas 512 Hamilton, Myers F 512 Hargreaves, Henry 513 Houston, William 514 Hess, Jacob D 615 Holiingsworth, McKee 515 HoBsefrass, William 515 Harpham, Thomas 516 Hansom, Albert, Sergeant 518 Haines, Edward 523 Huckel, Charles H 624 Horner, WiUiam J 624 Hoopes, Pratt 633 Hogan, Edward 634 Henry, Robert _ 534 Harbridge, John 534 Hall, Charles S 641 Henry, Hugh 548 Hoffman, John 549 Hunlcker, Charles W 650 Hamilton, Andrews 652 Holiingsworth, William 653 Hance, George W., Sergeant 6.54 Harris, Winfield 657 Hesson, James 5t\5 Howartb. Joseph 566 Hime.s, Eleazor 666 Hutchison, James 667 Hamilton, George 668 Hamilton, William 668 Hansen, John C, Sergeant 674 Harvey, John A 575 Hoopes, John M 576 Hopkins, Joseph H 676 Hollander, Andrew 678 Hallowell, John, Sergeant 684 Hoopes, William 686 Henninger, Frederick 687 Horrock, Harry 687 Hill, John F 693 Humes, Charles 693 Hynes, Benjamin F 695 Howanl, Oventon 695 Hart, Albert A 696 Hannum, Samuel B 596 Hallowell, Joseph H 696 Harmer, William L., House Sergeant 602 Harper, John L 603 Holland, Charles 603 Ha8pe],Lewis A 604 Hoyle, Samuel 607 Hemphill, William Ci., Bpeciul Officer.... 614 Harkisheimer, Andrew J 615 Hesser, Frank 615 Hunt, liloyd J.,.Ir 617 Ucnley, Spencer 618 Hargreaves, George A 63G Hinds, Thomas J 636 Hyland, Patrick 1' 639 Hagan, Michael, Pilut 639 Ingram, Taylor B., Reserve 360 Irwin, William H., House ^Sergeant 423 Irwin, William J 464 Irwin, Hugh 641 Ipe, James J 659 Iseminger, George 617 Jackawav, James A., Reserve 357 Jones, Albert It., Keservc 357 Jones, George W., Reserve 358 .Tohnston, George W 369 Johnston, Richard 371 Johnston, James 371 Johnston, Robert 388 Jones, George W., House Sergeant 402 Jones, Daniel 406 Jefferies, George W 408 Jones, Nathan C 408 Jahraus, Charles, House Sergeant 432 Johnson, John A 443 Jarvis, Joseph 476 Jones, Thomas B 483 Jackson, George 483 Jones, Peter D 484 Jones, Samuel 484 Jones, William W 485 Jeffries, John, Sergeants 489 Jump, Henr}* 492 Jones, William 502 Jaooby, Daniel S 503 Jefferson, William J 621 Johnson, William 622 Johnson, William H 623 Johnston, William D 631 Jackson, John R 632 Jackson, Lawrence 540 James, Charles, Special Officer 564 Jackson, Hugh 668 Johnson, James K 678 Johnson, John 685 Jeffers, Theodore 686 Johnston, Thomas G 694 Johnson, John E 694 Johnston, A. M 604 Johnson, George W 606 Jamison, Thomas 607 Jenney, Edward 632 Kelly, Francis E„ Chief Detectives 255 Kendig, Daniel, Reserve 359 Keyser, Sylvester, Reserve 361 Krall, Harry 370 Keene, Louis E 370 Keyser, H. F 880 Keegan, William H 386 Keegan, John 387 Krider, Thomas H 388 Kenny, Roger 406 Kearney, William 408 Knight, GeorgeH 408 Kelley, Joseph «9 666 INDEX TO POLICEMEN. Kennedy, WUliam P 414 Kelley, George E 417 King, John, tsergeant 420 Krinta, Joseph L 423 Kelley, Joseph S 426 Keefe, James A 434 Kagle, William 446 Keaton, John, Special Officer 451 Kahlhofer, ■William 453 Ketler, Charles C 454 Kern, John 456 Kennedy, Thomas 462 Keller, Christian 474 Kirby, James 474 Kenney, Charles C, S|>ecial Officer 481 Kleinguenther, Christian, Jr 485 Kimble, Nathan S., Lieutenant 486 Kalover, Philip 492 Knecht. William 493 Kirch, Jacob 494 Kenworthy, James W S02 Kline, John 602 Kinder, John 603 Kinder, Henry 604 Kee. WUllam 612 Kephart. Alfred 514 Keho, Thomas H., House Sergeant.: 618 Krlsher.John H 621 Kreitzer, Frederick 622 Kunkle, Ch»rles E 53-> Kelley, Martin F 640 KUpatrlct, Frank JNo. 2.) 641 Kessler, Emanuel W 642 KUpatrick, Frank (No. l.J 643 EennedT, Christopher 643 Kline, Joseph 652 Keegan, Thomas 657 Kemon, Socrates F 657 Keeley, James J 659 Kirk, Franklin 666 Keile, Robert. 668 Kirk, Albert 663 Kane, James 676 Kelley, James H 676 Kister, Samuel, House Sergeant 684 Keyser, John 686 Kuael, William 686 Klncade, Bobert W 605 Krimmel, William H 606 Kitchenman, James 607 Koester, Frederick W 614 Kingston, Richard 618 Kiner, Phillip 618 Lauber, Isaac J., Reserve 356 Leaden, Francis J., Reserve 360 Little, John 869 Lockhart, Robert R 372 Lynch, John W., Sergeant 377 Long, William E 880 Lyons, John H 885 Lilly, Horace W 885 Linton, James 8., Special Officer 303 Lamb, William F 386 Lybrand, MontravUle 386 Lode, William H 408 Lewis, James W 414 Lister, WilUam H 416 Lowry, John J 419 Lister, Edward 434 Lenoir, Frederick, Special Officer 435 Lockrey, George W 437 Lynn, Bernard. 444 liiTurneau, Charles 446 Leutvine, George, Sergeant 450 Lex, John i52 Lewis, George W 454 Lacey, John H._ 451 Lewis, Frank 456 Lenoir, Thomas J 456 lovett, William 457 Logan, Philip 463 Lewis, E. C 463 Layre, Harry 475 Linthicum, Joseph, House Sergeant 481 Luff barry, John 482 Lutz, Conrad 484 Lukens, Stephen 492 LIndeman, Frederick 494 Lefferts, Samuel 496 Lawrence, George W 495 Lush, William U., Sk'rgeant 601 Lawrence, Wlnfield S., House Sergeant.. 601 Levering, Samuel 604 Lorimer, James 612 Ladley, Samuel 613 Lewellyn, George 614 Lauard, SanieVW., Sergeant 618 Lee, James W 624 Long, John 833 Leach, John 633 Lord, William R. B., Patrol Sergeant 635 Lee, Aaron 635 Lewis, Daniel 635 Latch, .lacob 636 Lanahan, Patrick H 535 Lafferty, John 640 Lower, John 549 Lanahan, Michael H 563 Ladley, A. A 658 Logan, Henry H 657 Latta, John 657 Leithgowjjreorge 667 Leonard, Richard 668 Lattimer^ohn, Patrol Sergeant 574 Lafferty, Wharton F., House Sergeant... 684 Lyons, Edward M., Lieutenant 687 Leeds, Mark 696 Lukens, Samuel B 605 Liggett, Robert 605 Lewis, Edward T., House Sergeant 611 Lynn, James A 632 LUley, O. W 632 Mintzhouser, Henry Clay, Detective 296 Miller, Peter, Detective 277 Malin, Edward W., Sergeant 365 Murphy, N. P., House Sergeant 866 Moffit, Robert, Reserve 369 Mitchell, William D., Reserve 359 Miller, Samuel L., Reserve 862 Mervine, George W., Reserve 863 McCurdy, Thomas F 369 McCandless, John C 369 Murdock, John 871 MoKenty, Robert 871 Miller, Thomas 371 McBetb, W.K 372 Murphy, Charles J 879 McCloskev, William 880 Myers, John A 388 Morrison, Jeffrey C 886 McCandless, David R 373 Moore, Daniel 873 Moore, Zachary T 386 Metz, James 387 Morrow, William 887 MalatestA, Joseph, Captain 388 Moore, Thomas, Sergeant 402 McCloakey, Hany, Sergeant 402 INDEX TO POLICEMEN. 66'7 Millington, Alfred, Patrol Sergeant 405 Murphy, Maurice 406 MalateBto, James 407 Mickens, Frederick 41)7 Moody, JohD 409 Manouver, Louis 409 MoConncll, John 410 Maloney, Samuel J 410 Marlow, Alfred T., House t^uigeaut 414 McGuire, Michael 414 Muegge, John 415 McNaultyj Edward 41j) MacNoil, Daniel J 418 MUlet, Harry F 418 Matthews, William T., Sergeaut 420 Murray, John, Special Officer 423 Milligan, Thomas 423 ManslleJd, J. C 424 McCran, Thomas 424 Mehafly. Thomas 424 Miller, Thomaa W 424 Morgan, Jacoh 42>5 McNulty, Alexander 427 Myers, William II., Special Offlcer 433 Mock, Edward 434 McCalley, Robert 434 Myers, Lewis 438 Magee, Thomas 443 Moser, William 444 Mais, George 444 Maucher, Joseph 444 Mahoney, Jeremiah 445 McCreedy, Thomas 446 McFarland, Andrew 4J>5 Moore, Isaac, Sergeant 460 Mitchell, William 461 McMan^ Benjamin 461 Mitchell, Wllham 461 Morgan, George 462 Miller, John 462 McEwan, George 462 Morris, George W 463 Moffit, Robert 463 McKenna, John 464 McCorkell, William 404 Malcomson, John 465 McClain, John, Sergeant 471 Muth, August 472 MulhoUand, Samuel 472 McCarron, Matthew 473 MUls,John 474 Morwood, William N 475 McMahon, Patrick 476 Mulvey, James H 476 Murray, William, Sergeant 481 McLees, Thomas 484 Myers, Dallas 484 Moss, William H 491 Merchant, James E 491 Martin, William J 493 Moyer, George 602 Metzler, Peter 503 McKane, William 504 Maxwell, Joseph, Sergeant 510 Magee, John 11 512 Morton, Henry 512 Mazbeimer, Frank 613 Maxwell, Salvador 513 Menough, James F 513 Murray, Malcolm, House Sergeant 618 McCool, Henry W 522 Myers, George W 522 Markley, Thomas J 522 Myers, Charles H 523 McDowell, William, Sergeant 629 McKinley, William A., Special Officer.... 630 Mars, Henry 531 McKinlcy, Joseph 532 Morrison, John 633 McFarland, William 633 McGirr, Andrew 634 Miller, Jacob, Special Officer 634 Miller, William R 636 McCoach, David, Sergeant 639 Moore, Isaac M 640 McFetridge, George 541 Maharg, ,lohn A 542 McAvoy, William H 542 Mcintosh, William 642 Mclulyre, Adam 643 Mink, George S 643 McKinney, James 643 McUarvey, Leonard, Sergeant 648 McKibhen, John 548 Milligan, George 548 McGill, Andrew 650 Myers, Daniel 650 Magee, James, 651 Mason, William 651 McCloskcy, Thomas 651 Mackell, James 551 Miller, William 551 McKibben, George, Snrp.'eaiit 654 McLaughlin, James, Special Officer 554 Miller, James 567 McCann, Edward 658 Murray, Richard 559 McKelvcy, Robert 559 Myers, John K., Lieutenant 660 Morgan, Nathaniel 667 Martin, Samuel 667 McNabb, Walter 575 Makemson, Peter 675 Marshall, George S 676 Myers, John T 576 Morgan, Frank 677 Murphy, John A 677 McKelvev, James 577 Martin, William 678 Moore, Matthew 678 McClure, James, Sergeant 683 Miller, Jacob 685 Miller,John 686 Myers, Henry 686 McNeely, George 686 McGregor, William 694 McCorkle, Samuel 694 Mercer, Eber T 694 McFarland, George 695 Murray, Daniel 696 Mower, Jacob W 696 Mawhinney, George 605 Makin, Lewis 605 McClintock, William 605 McConnell, Thomas 606 Moore, Williain H 606 Miller, Charles W 606 Mactague, William B., House Sergeant... 611 Mason, Thomas 614 Middleton, Aaron 616 Mitchell, Thomas E 615 Maybery, George W 616 Meyers, Andrew "1" Meyers, Harvey K 616 Meyers. William F 616 McMasters, John 616 Mitchell, Daniel 617 Miskell, Edwin H 618 Moore,ABher A 618 Moore, George, Lieutenant 620 668 INDEX TO POLICEMEN. Martin, James 6^2 McCaw, James 6^6 McKelvey, Robert 636 Malampy, William II., Speciul UHicer 640 Newman, Thomas H., Reserve 358 Nicholson, JollD A., Reserve 3G2 Nicholson, Thomas, Reserve 363 Newman, Thomas 3G9 Nutt, John 379 Nagel, William 415 Nilan, Thomas F 415 Nesper, Jacob 416 Nollinger, Frederick 416 Noblit, H. C 416 Nevins, Henry 436 Nunnemaker, John 452 Nagle, William H 461 Newton, William.. 473 Norrls, Charles T 485 Nunemaker, James II 492 Nippea, William P 49S Nice, Jacob R 503 Neilson, Thomas, Sergeant fill NeK Jacob J 643 Neel, Davis 659 Note, Harry 575 Needs, Peter C 678 Norbury, John >!., Isergeant 692 Nice, John P .i 605 Nichols, Jacob 617 Nash, John H 639 Oechslin, Jacob 414 O'Boyle, John 426 Orr, James 432 O'Neil, James 436 Ogle, Edwin 445 Orr, Robert 465 Ochs, Benjamin 476 Oler, Henry L 492 Orme, Nathaniel 614 Ormiston.Adam » 614 Oldham, James 524 Orr, fiamiiel W 640 Orr, Joseph. 641 Ortman, William 650 Orr, Moses 658 O'Harra, James 660 Orf, Adolph, Patrol Sergeant 663 Orr,Wlllfam 507 Osterheldt, Frederick G 575 O'Donnel, Richard U., House Sergeant... 611 Patton, John, Reserve 361 Proctor, James S70 Peterman, John C, Sergeant 377 Pope, Charles S., House Sergeant 878 Preole, 1/ewls K 880 Phllibert, Julius 385 Paul, William 886 Penniman, William C 406 Patterson, Henry C 407 Pleasants, Charles 424 Potts, B. Frank 425 Pollock, Samuel G 4.36 Pearson, John C 437 Palmer, Henry 438 Pemberton, John A., Sergeant 44C Painter, Harry, House Sergeant 440 PeaooctEdward 444 Pearcy, Thomas 445 Phillips, Frank 446 Patton, John 452 Peterson, Jobs F 463 Patterson, Thomas 4^5 Pelham, William 455 Peterman, George 474 Prifold, Philip 474 Price, Samuel J 432 Pidgeon, John H 483 Peterson, Thomas 486 Pearson, Samuel 491 Peterman, Augustus 503 Painter George 603 Pontius, Joseph 504 Pullinger, Thomas 613 Price, Kdwin II 623 Palmer, William 883 Prior, William, House Sergeant 6S9 Paul, John 640 Purse, Oliver P 641 Peters, George 649 Patterson, James 559 Parker, Marshall 6^9 Preston, William B 660 Patterson. Thomas 566 Pickup, WUliam 687 Palmer, James 687 Peel, Furgus 687 Peterson, Charles, House Sergeant 692 Parker, Thomas J 694 Plumer, Thomas P 694 Perry, George W 603 Palmer, John 604 Paul, Joseph _ 604 Paul, James C 605 Patton, Hugh 606 Patterson, John B., Lieutenant 607 Phillipe, Samuel 618 Pote, Henry 632 Price,Samuel C 639 Quirk, Harry M., Captain 837 Quinten, Theodore, Reserve 362 Querns, John 461 Quick, Harry 648 Quin, Joseph B 614 Quin.JohnB 617 Rhodes, Charles H., House Sergeant 366 Reiff, Jacob P., Reserve 868 Rollings, John, Reserve 360 Redmond, James C 880 Roney, Charles S 880 Rankin, William 873 Rudge, John 887 Roaob, David 387 Roche, David B., Lieutenant 401 Reeves, William 409 Russell, William S 409 Redding, John 414 Russel, John 415 Runtnagle, Valentine 418 Raiden, John 424 Robinson, Joseph 424 Rulon, Harry E., Special Officer 432 Rose, William 435 Redmond, Timothy 435 Randall, John M 437 Robb, John 444 Rennerd, Elisha 453 Ritchie, John 4.54 Robinson, Edward 456 fthoades, M. L. C -156 Richards, George W 4.W Richards, Andrew M., Special Officer 461 Richards, John H 462 Rothermel, John 463 Rooney, John 464 INDBX TO POI.ICEMEN. 669 Ralston, Joaepb 4CC I RemT, Lewis 47;{ Rue, Lewis S 471 I Better, Frederick 4".') Roach, Edward 4S."i I Ransom, George W 4iH Roll, Harry 4!i:i Rutherford, Joseph 4!)4 Reeves, Nathauiel Ci 41)4 Reed, Thomas 4^.1 Rourke, William 4'.m Reger, Levi S., Sergeant 51)1 Roberts, Arthur TiOi' Reibel, Harry F 6o:i Rowley, David 603 Rousher, Charles 50:t Reese, August 604 Robinson, Samuel 604 Riley, Charles S 522 RobinBOD, James B., House Sergeant 529 Rose, William 5;il Robinson, William S s:i2 Ritchie, George 640 Bodgeis, WUliam B 643 Ross, John 648 Rlttenhouse, Jacob 540 Rittenhouse, Henry 5r)() Robertson, Daniel 660 Reis, Frank er.l Ratto, Joseph 559 Reeves, James 565 Redmond, John 5G7 Ralston, Alexander. ^ 568 Roan, William B 576 Eees, Morris F 576 Robinson, George 577 Richardson, William 678 Reed, Edgar S., House Sergeant 584 Rainey, John 68r> Rice, Joseph. 586 Busk, Samuel 587 Beed, John, Sergeant 601 Rittenhouse, Edward 603 Rhodes, John -. 607 Rementer, Peter 615 Richman, George» 617 Belchner, Bichard P 617 Beilly, Thomas N 618 Bittenhonse, Godfrey 632 Stewart, James, Jr., Chief Police 226 Strunk, Uriah, Reserve 857 Smith, Thomas M., Reserve 858 Swope, John H., Reserve 361 Search, William, Reserve 361 Scholtz, Lafayette, Reserve 362 Smith, Samuel 369 Shivers, William 370 Scanlan, James C 379 Spencer, James 380 Sllbert, Joseph H 383 Smith, Lewis W 385 Schannon, Thomas 385 Stanwood, Henry T., Detective 303 Smith, Hugh 386 Scbaeffer, Conrad 386 Sbarbaro, John 886 Siemers, Robert J 387 Slater, John F., Special Officer 887 Smith, Bichard H 388 Sohaffer, Nicholas 406 Shields, William H., Lieutenant 410 Shourds, Benjamin, Sergeant 413 Stevenson, Charles E «.. 415 Synan, Peter J 416 Speiskey, August 416 Shourds, Harry D „. 417 Stafford, Edward 417 Storey, Joseph 417 Stuurt, Samuel C 423 Sletten, Arthur 426 Sheridan, Thonuu, 425 Souders, William D 434 Sunpsou, Bowman 436 Smith, William II 437 Smith, William L., Lieuteiiuiil 439 Steel, Charles W 444 Stine, Edward 445 Snyder, Charles 44.') Smith, George W., Lieutenant 449.^ Sheridan, Matthew 453 Smith, Isaac H 453 Senior, William 453 Silbcr, Earnest 464 Snyder, John 4.10 Schober, Frederick AV 457 Shilling, Joseph, Sergeant 4G0 Shaffer, Charles H,, House Sergeant 461 Smith, George W., House Sergeant 461 Stanton, John J 462 Supplee, John A 462 Snyder, George A 463 Snyder, George T 463 Steel, David 463 Souder, George W. W 463 Snodgrass, William F 465 Spirtzel, Harry 465 Stratton, Henry 466 Stock, William C, Sergeant 471 Smith,^ Henry 478 Stirk, Henry A 474 Semler, Charle.s 475 Sexsmith, Daniel 475 Smith, David T 476 Stirk, James C 476 Sell, George W 477 Sexton, Charles F 477 Strockbine, Joseph 482 Stafford, Thomas L 486 Schenck, Christian 492 Schaefer, John M 492 SplUman, William F 493 Simpson, Harry C 495 Swartley, Henry 603 Streibig, Casper - 604 Sanderson, Adam, Sergeant 511 Shaw, Charles, House Sergeant 611 Skilton, Oliver, House Sergeant 611 Strouse, Casper 612 Stephen, Jobn 513 Strubel, William A 618 Steinmetz, Jacob L 614 Saddington, Batemau 515 Sinith/james J 516 Stott, William 615 Sibson, William A 515 Stafford, Thomas 616 Shriver, William U 516 Smith, Henry C 616 Strouse, Abraham K 616 Shallcross, Charles B., House Sergeant... 618 Smilh, George Henry 523 Shelmire, Jobn A 524 Shields, William J 524 Stephens, Samuel, Special Officer 630 Stringfield, Morris M 532 Sline, Jacob 632 Smedley, George H •>33 Seaorlst, Henry C 633 Shriner, William C 684 670 iKi>EZ TO PbttCBMEN. Springfield, James T 634 Smith, AuipiBtus W 534 Stinet James 6^ Smiley, David S 635 Simon, Henry 540 Smllh, Harry 642 SbeUllne, Jacob 643 Snyder, Charles 1., Sergeant 647 Spealer, WilUaui 649 Steele, Albert 649 Sheeti, John 649 Stinson, John 650 Summers, Charles 550 Shaffer, John 650 Stewart, Henry 551 Stites, James F 661 Sipple, Lawrence S51 Stewart, Robert J 652 Scbenkel, Frank P 662 Spangler, Isaac 652 Skilton, Alexander, Lieutenant 653 Stewart, Bobert A 658 Sharper. George T 658 Smith, William M 658 Stockman, James C 658 Sessinger, George B., House S«*rgeant -5()3 Smith, Andrew 566 Shinn, Clifford 667 Savage, Sobert 668 Simpson, Augustus, House Sergeant 674 Smith, John U 576 Smith. William J 675 Sage, Theodore M 676 Smith, E. J 577 Smith, Jeremiah 677 Swearingen, Alonzo Y 679 Smith, (ftorge 685 Smith, John 685 Stiles, Thomas 686 Smith, John E 585 Smith, Thomas M 686 Smith, Benjamin C 586 Snyder, Joseph 686 Sayres, William 587 Snyder, William T 587 Stiles, James 593 Sharp, George W 694 Smyth, William H 696 Stiles, John F 697 Shedden, John, Chief Equipm't Bureau.. 601 Schmidt, John 603 Schwartz, Frederick 604 Sanders, Charles A 605 Strouse, Charles F 605 SUrta, John 607 Simons, Louis 607 Sherrard, John 614 Sims, John J 614 Slook, George 616 Severn, John L 617 Schatter, Henry B 617 Smith, Charles 618 Snyder, Albert B18 Spearing, Edward 635 Small, James 683 Smith, Purnell B., Sergeant 636 Sibert, Samuel 639 Swift, William A 639 Thompson, Joseph W., Clerk to Chief..... 245 Tate, James, Detective 294 Thornton, John B 408 Taylor, Bobert 409 Taylor, George W., House Sergeant 413 Tamer, George C 416 Thau, Herman 417 Tolson, C. V 425 Thomas, Cornelius A 425 Thayer, Joseph 436 Trace, Casper 454 Toiukins, Theodore T 456 Torrey, Robert 45ii Thorne, James L 464 Toner, John _ 465 Taylor, Samuel _ 475 Tyson, George W 488 Tyson, William D 492 Taylor, James R 492 Thornton, Samuel, House Sergeant 602 Tomlinson, William, House Sergeant 611 Toon, Albert H 613 Trout, George W 614 Trampe, I.(ewis, House Sergeant 621 Tomlinson, Edward 624 Thelenberg, William 631 Trout, John S 532 Timlin, George 635 Thompson, George W., Lieutenant 636 Tomlinson, Benjamin A., Sergeant 639 Taylor, Benjamin 641 Tallcy, Harnian 641 Tomlinson, Eden 551 Taylor, Lees... 652 Turkington, Alexander 662 Treude, Philip 662 Taylor, John 652 Thomas, Joseph H 659 Thomson, Henry, Sergeant 663 Thompson, Jusias „ 668 Toy, Eli S 676 Taylor, Joseph 577 Taylor, William S 679 Thompson, John 685 Tweslen, Theodore 685 Timmins, David 687 Turner, Isaiah E _ 696 Tustin, Charles C 604 Trefta, WllUam 607 Usllton, Edwin L., Lieutenant. 420 Uprichard, John 423 uEl, Charles W 483 Uttley.John 60S Unrun, Jacob H 616 Ulrick, George, Patrol Sergeant 674 Ulrich, Adarns.^ 685 Voltz, John 409 Van Meter, Harry 416 Vaughn, Charles H 417 Vincent, Daniel, Sergeant... » 440 Vaughan, Richard 462 Vanderslice, Theodore, Special Officer.... 684 Vanroden, William H 695 Vache, Napoleon A 697 Van Meter, Samuel 632 Vogel, Franks 636 Vance, Hugh T 636 Weir, John, Detective 299 Wolf, William C, Reserve 860 Wallace, George W., Reserve 882 Wills, Joseph G., Reserve 862 Warnock, WllUam, Lieutenant 364 Ware, George 370 Williams, I^wis 371 Watson, William B 372 Wisner, Edward E 379 Wills, Edward E 383 Walk, Filmore 387 INI>EX TO POIilCEMEN. 671 Wagner, George A 888 Watson, James 888 Walton, James B 407 Wright, John 409 Wheeler, Edward P 414 WolBnger, Frank C 414 Ward, Wilbur 418 Wheeler. Alfred 418 Wright, William II 419 WotSs, John, Patrol Sergeant 420 Wallrath, Henry 420 Walton, Enoch £., Lieutenant 427 WiUon, Henry T 437 Wbiteman, Thomas U., Special Officer... 440 WaKoer, Gottlieb 446 Weible. Frank 446 Wray.J. G 446 Williams, Charles 4S3 Wilson, John 453 Whitney, Joseph 453 Williams, James— 455 Warner, John 455 Ward, Charles 455 Winn, Robert 457 Wallace, Andrew 463 Wilhelm, John L 464 Wobensmilh, Jacob 465 Waterman, T.H 466 Wilson, Clayton L 472 Williamson, Isaac G 473 Walla, John J 474 Wright, William 477 Wood, George, Lieutenant 477 Wilson, Lorenzo F., House Sergeant 481 Wood, John W 483 Whltson, John A 484 Wagner, William, Jr 486 WeBb,8. H 486 Weatherby, Benjamin F.._ 492 Weatherbee, Charles D 493 Warner, Johns 494 Wright, Isaac 495 Wood.John....^. 495 Walsli, Edward^ 496 Ward, Robert H., Sergeant 501 Whitesides, Robert 602 White, Harry 602 Watson, Charles 502 Welsh, Bartholomew 503 Winn, Thomas J 604 Wilde, Joseph, House Sergeant 611 Woodrufi; James 513 Wright, John M 614 Wilson, William M 615 Wrieht^Moses A 516 Wells, Johathan B., House Sergeant 518 Wright, James 621 Weishaar, Wmiam C 623 Wingert, Isaac C 524 Wright, James W- 624 Weeks, Willett 624 Wilson, James L., House Sergeant 529 White, Charles W 531 White, Samuel 632 Wilson, John, Sergeant 639 Whittingham, George H., House bergt... 640 Walker, Henry 640 Wright, Merntt 648 Williams, Thomas 549 Wilkinson, Thomas 551 Weller, WiUinm 11 m Webster, William T 6.'j7 Wilson, George W SSS Winslow, William 5.''i8 Williams, Thomas B 559 Wilson, William 560 Wilson, Frank 505 Weakley, John, Sr 506 Weakley, John, Jr 5G7 Wenrick, Frank 569 Wren, John T 676 White, Haines S 577 Wheeler, Henry 578 William.s, John 679 Wolf, Henry, Lieutenant 579 Wilson, Charles 685 Wray, Harry 585 Wallan, Thomas 585 Watson, Erie H., Sergeant 592 Wheeler, Lewis J „ 593 Wharton, John A 693 Woolworth, Thomas 595 White, Lewis D 597 Weiss, George W., House Sergeant 603 Wolfe, Charles 603 Wilson, John 605 Weyser, Theodore F 606 Worthllne, Eli K 606 Wilbey, Richard 607 West, Joseph F 614 Watt, William J 615 Wagner, William 616 WilTiamSj Frank 639 Wilson, William L 639 Young, James 380 Young, Jacob W 444 Young, Englebert .' 476 Yeomanson, Charles 616 Yetter, Peter 649 Young, Isaac 569 Zane, George B., House Sergeant 377 Zell, Andrew 518 Zanders, George 587 CAPITAL. $1,000,000. -THE- GDABANTEE TRUST AND SAFE DEPOSIT CO. 316, 31 S, 320 Chestnut St., Philadelphia. ,, I P'"^P*'""^'^ '* '■^"* Safes in its Fire and Burglar Proof Vaults, (which are protected by six Hall l^ouble Chronometer Time Locks, with non-lockout attachment,) at from gg to S125 per year. Collect Interest or Income. Allow Interest en Deposits of Money, Execute 'J rusts of ever>r kind. Holding Trust Funds Separate and Apart from all other assets of the Company. ^•[f^^c/or safe Keeping, under Guarantee, Valuables of every description, such as Coupons and Registered Bonds, Certificates of Stock, Deeds, Mortgages, Coin, Silverware, Jewelry, etc. Act as Register or Transfer Agent of Mining, Railroad, and other Corporation Stocks. Re- ceipt for and safely keep Wills without charge. For further information, call at the office or send for a circular. Thomas Cochran, Prest. Edward C. Knight, V. Prest. Jno. S. Brown, Treas. John Jay Gilroy, Secretaiy. Richard C. Winshit, Trust Officer. Directors: — Thomas Cochran, Charles S. Pancoast. Clayton French, Charles S. Hinchman, Edward C. Knight, Thomas Mackellar, W. Rotch Wister^ William J. Howard, Aaron Iricb, J. Barlow Moorhead, John J. Stadiger, Alfred Filler, J. Dickinsoa Sergeant. J. G. Brill & Co liUlLDKKS OK railwayomd^^T ramway ^^cars, 31st and Chestnut Streets, PHILADELPHIA, U. S. A. - - BRILL. Philadelphia. Cable Address: - i_ Q^ofd JVtedcif Kor Best ( )pen Car at New Orleans Exposition, 1885. (3ofd Medaf For best Closed Car at Chicago Exposition of Railway Appliances, 1883. ACCURACY AWD dAREFDLNESS In all Details. FIRST-CLASS" WORK ONLY^ LARGE STOCK O j c/3 C/3 CO C a Pnlleys, Hangers, Slianing, Etc. I<:-.ta,l->li»)i'-<) l«-»^'a. IVm. Sellers, President; John Sellers, Jr., Vice-Pres. and Treas. Justus H . Schwacke, Secretary ; J. Sellers Bancroft, Manager; Coleman Sellers, Engineer ; D. L. Lukens, Pur. Agent. Wm, Sellers & Co,, (INCORPORATED,) 1600 I^AMILiiPOK STI^BBIF, > F'hiladelphia, F»a., < ENGINEERS AND MANUFACTURERS OK IMPROYEDIMACHINEITOOLS FOR.-. IRON.-. AND.-. STEEL, Gnes, Stn Hiierii, Tori-talilfiii, Etc., SHAFTING, PULLETS, HANGERS -«6~B'03r Transmission, of I'o-wT-ei'.— ^ Injectors for Locomotive and Sta- tionary Boilers. THE ptiiladelpliia national Bank, 419 421,423 CHESTNUT STREET. OfJGpRIZeD 1804. Capital, $1,500,000. Surplus, $900,000. IDIIilEJOTORS. BENJAMIN B. COMEGYS, SAMUEL WELSH, ALFM:D M. COLLINS. - of J. LIVINGSTON ERRINGER, AUGUSTUS HEATON, JOHN H. CONVEKSE, of Bumliam, EICHARD ASHHURST, EDWARD S. CLARKE, EDWAB.D S. BUCKLEY, W. W. FRAZIER, Jr., - of N. PARKER SHORTRIDGE, EDWARD Y. TOWNSEND, WM. HENRY TROTTER, President of S. & J. Welsh, Merchants A.M. Collins MfR. Co., Card Board Manufacturers Prest. Philadelphia Trust, Safe Deposit &, Ins. Co. Late of Heaton & Dencltia, Hardware , Parry, Williams & Co., Baldwin Locomotive W'ks of Wm. Wharton, Jr. & Co., Limited Gentleman Grays Ferry Iron Works Harrison, Frazier & Co., Franklin Sugar Refinery Late of Shortridge, Borden & Co., Dry Goods President Cambria Iron Co. of Nathan Trotter & Co., Tin Plate -Condition-October 30th, 1886.- RESOtJRCES : Loans and Discounts, Expenses, . - - - • Due to Banks, Cash, .--.-- LIABILITIES : Capital and Surplus, Undivided Profits, Circulation, , - - - ■ Deposits, - ... $6,457,000.00 41,000.00 437,000.00 2,915,000.00 $9,850,000.00 $2,400,000.00 145,000.00 - 45,000.00 7,260,000.00 $9,850,000.00 J AS. W. ToRREY, Cashier, THE FOURTH STREET NATIONAL BANK, OaiJitaX - - $1,500,000. Fourth Street, between Chestnut and Walnut, SIDNEY F. rVI.ER, Presidtnl. R. H. J!t'SirrO.\\ Cashiir. OIRECXORS. SIDNEY F, TYLER, - President and Receiver Shenandoah Valley R. R. Co. 333 Walnut Street, Philadelphia. TOHN C. BULLITT, - - . Attomey-at-Law, 33 South Third Street, Philadelphia \V. W. KURTZ, . of W. W. Kurtz & Co., Bankers, ja South Third Street, Philadelphia WILLIAM L. ELKINS, - - . Vice-President Philadelphia Traction Co. 423 Walnut Srreet, Philadelphia. GEORGE F. TYLER, - - - - 201 South Fifteenth Street, Philadelphia H.S.FRANK, - - . - of Frank Brothers & Co., Clothing Manufacturers, SI North Third Street, Philadelphia. B. K. JAMISON, - of B. K. Jamison & Co., Bankers, Cor. Third & Chestnut Sts., Phila. ELISHA A. HANCOCK, . . - . of Hancock & Co. Grain and Commission, i3> South Second Street, Philadelphia. TAMES HAY, - of Beattie & Hay, Commission Merchants, 25 South Water Street, Phila. VRANK T. PATTERSON, of Geo. B. Newton & Co., Coal Shippers, 308 Walnut St., Phila. EDMUND LEWIS, - of Morris & Lewis, Trimmings, 940 Market Street, Philadelphia CHARLES I. CRAGIN, - Soap Manufacturer, 119 South Fourth Street, Philadelphia WILLIAM A. DICK, of Dick. Bros. & Co., Bankers, 147 South Fourth Street, Philadelphia NATIONAL Bank of the Republic, PHILADELPHIA. 1 •a William H. Rhawm. l^rebidcnt. Kredlkick a. IklVI, 1-. A. Hoyl i Co. Charles Richardson, gjaSjf ^ ^m jf& ^ .■iTT Iron and Kcriilizcr.s. William Hackkk, Conl ic Oinal Co.'s I'a. K. U. .».^^liysgKi^wiM.teS3Sii'*gi||M|HHWIt William B. Bemeni , '' f Bcmeni, Miles i: Co. Charle.s T. Parky, nin Burnham, Parry, Williams & Co. 1 ill Hi? Jame? M. K.arle, James S. Earle A: Sons. loHN F. Smith, MacKellar, Smiths & Jordan Company. Hr)\VARD Hinchman. Howard Hinchniar. A; Son. Henry W. Shari'Less, wj |||MBH '^■■'™i,i' '■'■ "1 i^mn Sharpless lirothtrs Edwin T. Howleti, ' E. I. Hewlett & Sons. B^^^JIB^^^lK.--- j^^ifi^SBl Edward K. Bispham, Samuel Bispham & Sons. ^^^^5S Henry T. Mason, Glue, Curled Hair, Etc. Charles E. Pancoast, Solicitor. Alonzo P Rutherford, Notary. .M.^ CHESTNUT STREET. 1 j PRESIDENT, William H. RHA^?v^J. CAPITAL, $500,000 CASHIER, SURPLUS, $300,000 I J° SEPH F". TvlUMI ^ORD jr. t. LANDELL, Prisident. C.A. LINTON, Ciukitr. (ensinjiton national Bank, COE. PEANKrOET AND GIEAED AVES., "• rrti-U^-U-gi-LLX- xii-B.. Capital. Stock, $250,000.00 Surplus Fund, 75,000.00 H-SBaXNIK^UU^ltf ;{(>■<> U) I i< K C T 1* S . W.I LANDELL, BENJAMIN H. BROWN, JOSEPH S. KEEN, ROBERT DORNAN, THEODORE CRAMP, LEWIS DAVIS, RICHARD TORPIN.Jr., THEODORE M. DELANY, ROBERT M. COLEMAN, CHARLES A. McMANUS, JOHN E. HANIFEN, HORACE C. DISSTON, JOHN A . DOUGHERTY. fpE^fflEH^ (i^TIOMJ^L \m\ PHILADELPHIA. CAPITAL, - - - $400,000.00 SURPLUS. - - - - $550,000.00 C. R. ROGERS, JOHN CASTNER, President, Cashier. HARRY ROGERS, FRANK G. ROGERS, Vice-President. Assistant Cashier. Produce National Bank OF PHILADELPHIA, No. 104 Chestnut Street. CAPITAL, $200,000, with privilege of increase to $500,000 Commenced Business ^uly i, 1886. Accounts Solicited. Prompt and careful attention given to any business pertaining to banking. Collections made on all points throughout United States and Canada. Accounts of Banks and Bankers received on favorable terms. Correspondence Solicited. DlF5E61lOr?S. W. C. HOUSTON, JR., PREST. T. N. YATES, CASHIER. W. E. BURK, ED. ROBERTS. PHILIP J. WALSH. F. W. ZOLLER. H. A. CLARK. JNO. J. McDonald, v. prest. SAMUEL B. HUEY. GEO. CAMPBELL J. W. BROWN. E. COON. 0. W. WILKINSON. JNO. JAMISON, JR. Articles of Association adopted 17tll of January, 1807, and Joseph Tagert elected president, and Joseph Clay cashier, February 4tll, 1807, being first officers of the bank_ It was chartered by the State Legislature March 16th, 1800, and rechartered at different times, viz : on March 2otll, 1824, April IStll, 1843, March 16th, 184», and April 24th, 1856. It was organ- ized under the National Bank Act of 1864 as the FarniBf?' and Mechaiiic?' Hatioijal Ban^, October 20th, 1864, and rechartered for 20 years from October 20th, 1864. Singleton A. Mercer was the second president, and Edwin M. Lewis its third president ; the last holding office until his death, August 23d, 1884, and being succeeded by Samuel W. Bell, the present president. The officers in addition to Samuel W. Bell, president, ire Henry C. Stroup, cashier; John Mason, Transfer Officer; Willie Rushton, ass"t cashier. The capital of the bank is $2,000,000.00, and the surplus, $580,000. Appointed Loan and Transfer Agent of the commonwealth of Penn- sylvania April 21st, 1858; appointed agent for the Philadelphia Clearing House Association February 1st, 1868. Appointed Loan and Transfer Agent of the City of Philadelphia, February 16th, 1872 ; the loans of the city at that time were below par, now selling from 130 to 134 per cent, according to length of maturity. First ^ T^ ^^ o§ ^ OF PHILADELPHIA, Nos. 315,317, 319 Chestnut Street. Capital, Surplus, St5l,000,000 500,000 The Y\n\ Banl^ Charteiied uqdei' the flational Banl^ Act. DIRECTORS. George Philler. Thomas Drake. Henrv C. Gibson. John F. Betz. James A. Wright. J. Tatnall Lea. Stephen A. Caldwell. President, GEORGE PHILLER. Cashier, MORTON McMICHAEL, Jr. Asst. Cashier, KENTON WARNE. rOLLIS & LEVY, "ll^atikers and "H^rokers, No. 1 9 NeA?v Street, NEW YORK. 138 So. 3rci Street, PHILADELPHIA. -♦ coinn:cT£i> ♦ bt ♦ private ♦ wires. •>»- ^(iird jVationaf l^an^^ Safe Deposit. -K- Storage Vaults. private Bo]^B^ to I^ent. BROAD & MARKET STREETS, PHIL,A»EI.PIIIA. Afe desire to call your attention to our Safe Deposit Boxes contained in cur new Hall's Burglar Proof Vault. The Vault is recently completed, is built of the best material, and has all the latest improvements ; is absolutely fire and burglar proof. We would solicit your Bank Account, or any Bankable Business you may have. Collections made on all points. Advances made on Grain, Flour and other Marketable Securities. Capital $400,000 Surplus $80,000. ^pm2. Wational Ban^, 1326 & 1328 Chestnut Street, opposite u. s. mint. PHILADELPHIA. DIRECTORS. JOHN C. LUCAS, GRANVILLE B. HAINES, LOUIS DREKA, D. P. S. NICHOLS, SAMUEL LUCAS, GEORGE R. PRESTON, CHARLES McFADDEN, HENRY VAN BEIL, Dr. C. N. SH^LLENBERGER. JOSEPH G. DITMAN, John C. Lucas, G. W. Marsh, President. Cashier. J. NAYLOU, President. JAMES LONG, Vice-President. J. A. IRWIN, Cashier. -^-Eighth I^ationai Bant^^^ OF PHILADELPHIA, CAPITAL, - $275,000. SURPLUS, - - - - $800,000. JACOB NAYLOR, JAMES IRWIN, JACOB G. NEAFIE, CHARLES N. CHILDS, WILLIAM KING, L S. CUSTER, DIRECTORS : JAMES LONG, W. W. ADAMS, JACOB GRIM, ROBERT PATTERSON, SAMUEL DISSTON, CHARLES PORTER, JAMES S. BELL. The Provident l^ife & Trust ^oitifiang^ Oflnce : 409 Chestnut St., I^HIXj.A.IDEIXj^'III.A.. [In ited Third Mo., 22d, 1865. Charter Perpetual.] CAPITAL, ■ - $1,000,000. ASSETS, $19,472,860.02. INSURES LIVES. GRANTS ANNUITIES, RECEIVES MONEY ON DEPOSIT, returnable on demand, for which Interest Is allowerl, and Is empowered by law to act as EXECUTOR, ADMINISTRATOR, TRUSTEE, GUARDIAN, ASSIGNEE. COMjflTTKE. RECEIVER. AGENT. Etc., for the faithful performance of which its capital aud surplus fund furnish ample security. ALL TRUST FUNDS AND INVESTMENTS ARE KEPT SEPARATE AND APART from the assets of the Company. Owners of Real Estate arc Invited to look into that branch of the Trust Department which has the care of thi.=; description of property. It is presided over by an olflccr learned in the Law of Real Estate, seconded by capable and trustworthy assistants. Some of them give their undivided attention to its care anrl manaKenieut. The Incomes of parties residing abroad carefully collected and duly remitted. SAMUEL R. SHIPLEY, President. | ASA S. WING, Vice-President and Actuary. T. WISTAB BROWN, Vice-President. I .lOSEPH ASHBBOOK, Manager of Ins. Dept. J. ROBERTS FOULKE, Trust OfBcer. direct; )RS. SAMUEL R. SHIPLEY, T. WISTAR BROWN, RICHARD CADBURY, HENRY HAINES. RICHARD WOOD, WILLIAM HACICER, ISRAEL MORRIS, CHAS. HARTSHORNE, WM. GUMMERE, FREDERICK COLLINS, PHILIP C. GARRETT, JUSTUS C. STRAWBRIDGE. J. M. ALBERTSON. JAMES V. WATSON, ASA S. IVTNG. ok philadelfhia, Chestnut Street, • Below Fifth Street. RESOURCES, Loans and Discounts, - - - $1,796,471.21 Due from Banks and Bankers, 130,513.66 Banking House, Furniture and Fixtures, 125,560.41 Premiums, - - - - - 4,288.00 Cash and Resources, - - - 668,979.15 $2,725,812.43 LIA.BILITIES. Capital Stock, . - . . $500,000.00 Surplus Fund and Profits, - - - 84,829.21 Circulation, 45,000.00 Deposits, 2,095,983.22 $2,725,812.43 Clo^B of Bu^ine^^, DBCBigbBi' IB, 1886. R. L. AUSTIN, Cashier. DIRECTORS. mriPTTTC! TTTirMTr! I of Chas. Iannis & Co. (Limited), Manufac- 1 Proairtcnt CHARLES LENNIG, , turers and Importers of Chemicals. f Presiaent J C. S. DAVIS of G. W. Blabon & Co., Manufacturers of Oil Cloths, Vice-President PETER A. KELLER, ....... JACOB G. DkTURCK, of Brown, PeTurck & Co., Wholesale Upholstery Goods W. B. SCOTT, of John C. Scott & Sons, Coal Commission PHILIP JAGODE, ■ of David Scull & Co., Wool CLAYTON TRENCH, - - of French, Richards & Co., Wholesale Druggists SIMON B. FLEISHER, of S. B. & B. W. FLEISHER, Manuf's of Worsted Yarns & Braids GEORGE FALES BAKER, - ..... JOHN SAILER, - of Sailer & Stevenson, Bankers and Brokers JAMES F. SULLIVAN, ofCullivan ..t Bro., Importers of Hosiery and Notions CHAS. H. DUNGAN, of Bower, Dung-au & Co., Importers and Dealers in Millinery Goods. GEO. W. BREMER, of Louis Bremer's Sons & Co., Wholesale Tobacco and Cigars D. B. Cummins, President. J. G. Whiteman, Cashier. J. Reevks, Asst. Cashier. Girard DaTlOFial Bant(^, OF PHILADELPHIA. Capital, = = = SI, 000,000 Surplus, = . = = 950,000 ilSiirectors: D. B. CUMMINS, JOSEPH W. LEWIS, GEO. H. McFADDEN, WILLIAM GILLESPIE, MALCOLM LLOYD. SETH CALDWELL, Jr., FRANCIS R. REEVES, EDWARD S. HANDY, JOHN H. CATHERWOOD, DANIEL BAUGH, THOMAS G. HOOD, HARRY F. WEST, WILLIAM H. JENKS. Trust and Safe Deposit Company. THE * PENNSYLVANIA * COMPANY For Insurances on Lives and Ch'anting Annuities. No. 4 3 1 Chestnut Street. Incorporated March 10, 1812. Charter Perpetual. Capital, .... $2,000,000 Surplus, .... 1,500,000 Chartered to act as Executors, Administrators, Trustees, Guardians, Assignees, Committees, Receivers, Agents, etc., and for the faithful performance of all such duties all its Capital and Surplus are liable. All Trust Investments are kept separate and apart from the Assets of the Company. Income Collected and Reniitted INTEREST ALLOWED ON MONEY DEPOSITS. Safes in oiheii^ Bui^glai^-Sfjoop Uauliis poij I^ehoi. The protection of their Vaults for the preservation of WILLS offered gratuitously. Gold and Silver-Plate, Deeds, Mortgages, etc., received for safe-keeping under guarantee. LINDLEY SMYTH, President. HENRY N. PAUL, Vice-President. JARVIS MASON, Trust Officer. Wm. 1>. HENRY, Secy and Treas. WM. L. BROWN, Jr., Ass't Sec'y and Treas. -XDIEECrOES.- LINDLEY SMYTH, CHARLES W. WHARTON, ALEXANDER BIDDLE, HENRY N. PAUL, CHAS. H. HUTCHINSON, PETER C. HOLLIS, EDWARD H. COATES, JOHN R. FELL, CHARLES S. LEWIS, ANTHONY J. ANTELO, GEORGE W. CHILDS, WILLIAM W. JUSTICE, CRAIGE LIPPINCOTT. The InVesl^meni^ Gompang OF PHILADELPHIA, •^^ No. 340 Chestnut Street.??^^ eapital, 2,@@0,0©0. Full 3faid. BUYS and SELLS BILLS OF EXCHANGE, drawing on BARING BROS. & CO., LONDON ; PERIER FRilRES & CIE., MENDELSSOHN & CO., Paris. Berlin. CONDUCTS A GENERAL BANKING BUSINESS. ALLOWS INTEREST ON MONEY DEPOSITS. NEGO- TIATES SECURITIES, RAILROAD, STATE. MUNICIPAL, Etc. FIRST-CLASS INVESTMENTS FOR SALE. OFFICERS: WILLIAM BROCKIE, President. WHARTON BARKER, Vice-President. HENRY M. HOYT, Jr., Treasurer. ETHELBERT WATTS, Secretary. BOARD OF DIRECTORS. WILLIAM BROCKIE, GEORGE S. PEPPER, MORTON MC MICHAEL, WHARTON BARKER, HENRY C. GIBSON, T. WISTAR BROWN, WILLIAM POTTER. ADVISORY COMMITTEE OF STOCKHOLDERS. GEORGE M. TROUTMAN, JOHN WANAMAKER, GUSTAVUS ENGLISH, HENRY E. SMITH, ISAAC H. CLOTHIER, THOMAS DOLAN, WILLIAM PEPPER, M. D., JOHN G. READING, HAMILTON DISSTON, CRAIGE LIPPINCOTT, CLAYTON FRENCH, WILLIAM WOOD, JOS. E GILLINGHAM, FRANCIS RAWLE. The Union Trust Company, Nos. 6ii and 613 Chestnut Street, PHILADELPHIA. ■giigMiBiiiipiiH(nririUit«iis«s KXTERIOR VIKW OF VAULTS, Authorised Capital, $i,ocx>,ooo Paid'Up Capital, $500,000 Charter P^erpetiaal. Acts as Executor, Administrator, Assignee, etc., alone, or in connection with an individual appointee. All Trust assets kept Separate from those of the Company. Burglar-Proof Safes to rent at $5 to JI50 per annum. Wills kept in Vaults without charge. Bonds, Stocks, and other valuables taken under guarantee. Paintings, Statuary, Bronzes, etc., kept in Fire-proof Vaults. Money received on deposit at interest. Repository for Western Farm Mortgages, bearing 7 per cent. Interest. Principal and Interest guaranteed. James Long, Presi. John G. Reading, V. Prcst. Mahlon S. Stokes, Treas. an?¥f-f^')@r-i®r->#T-K<^fStM-illf1#f^^ imrmmY^? Op ©hiladbliPhia, No. . 2 020 . Chestnut •• Street, Insures Lrves, Grants Annuities, Acts as Executor, Administrator, Guardian, Trustee, Committee or Rcceiiier, and Receives Deposits on Interest. H6»INCQF(PQ] ^H'I'EDi-]g§6.+ n P^^'P^^^P^^ P^'^^^^^ President, John B. Garrett. Vice-Prest. and Treasurer, Henry Tatnall. Actuary, William P. Huston. Assistant Treasurer, William N. Ely. Solicitor, Effingham B. Morris. -TH] Eeal Estate Trust Co. OF 13f7lli^DeLil?P?IfI. New Granite Fire \g^' Proof Building. No. 134o Chestnut Street. T^ECEIVES deposits of money payable by check, and allows interest there- in on; issues negotiable certificates of deposits; receives for safe keeping \ securities and other valuables, and also rents safe deposit boxes in its burglar-proof vaults; collects ground rents, interest on mortgages, and income of all kinds whatsoever; receives and executes trusts of every description, under appointment of Courts, corporations and individuals; becomes surety for the faithful performance of any trust or office, and acts as transfer agent or registrar of stocks and bonds of corporations or municipalities; transacts a general real estate business, acting as agent or attorney for buying, holding, leasing and selling property in the city of Philadelphia and its vicinity; collects rents and takes general charge and management of properly; issues policies of title insurance to real estate and mortgages, also policies of insurance against decedents' debts, mechanics' liens, judgments, old ground rents, etc. All Trust Funds & /nyestments are kept separate and apart from those of the Co. fflFIFITflRWR Frank K. Hipple. Pres., Wm. P. North, Treas.,WK.R. Phillke, Sec., ux'i'iuiJixp. Geo. JUNKiN, Solicitx)r, Thos. B. Pbosseb, Real Estate Officer. DTWRnmSlRS Frank K. Hippie, Beauveau Boric, Edward T. Steel, Henry C. uii\J-iu 1 Wi.\p. Hjbsou, John Wanamaker, Cliaa. W. Henry, Wm. M. Singerly, Georee Philler, Lemuel Coffin, Thomas Dolan, John F. Betz, R. Dale Benson. 32nd & MARKET STS., PHILADELPHIA. Capital, $300,000. Surplus, $110,000. C. H. CLARK, ..... President H. M. LUTZ, .... Vice-President J. M. COLLINGWOOD, .... Cashier DIRECTORS. C H. CLARK, JOHN SCOTT, C. E. PUGH, H. M. LUTZ, JOS. J. MARTIN, F. S. KIMBALL. Real Estate, Title, insurance, KgjANI>Tg>- Tp^ust Company. CAPITAL, $500,000. FULL PAID. The Oldest Company of the Kind in Existence. Insures Titles of Real Estate to Purchasers and Mortgagees. Executes Trusts of every description, solely or jointly with In- dividuals, and becomes surety for persons acting in a fiduciary capacity. Receives deposits at Interest payable by check. Burglar-proof safes for rent in its vaults'^ on favorable t-erms. PHILADELPHIA. CAPITAL, SURPLUS, $ '/so,ooo 1,000,000 G. M. TROUTMAN, THEO. KITCHEN, rRESlDKNl. CaSHIEK. THEO. L. De BOW, AssT. Cashikr. •i-DIRECTORS.-i' GEORGE M. TROUTMAN, JOHN E. GRAEfT, ANDREW WHEELER, SAMUEL R. SHIPLEN', JOSEPH ESHERICK, THEODORE KITCHKN. CHARLES SMITH, T. WISTAR BROWN, WM. M. SINCLAIR, JAMES MOORE, JOSEPH K. WHEELER, Tp ^^ Spring ^^ l^arden ^ flational ^^Ban^, TWELFTH AND SPRING GARDEN STS. Philadelphia, January 3, 1887. Resources. Loans and Discounts, BaDklngCHouse, U. S. Bonds and Premium , Due from Banks, Cash $1,635,899.40 93,000.00 56,375.00 49,114,12 514,867.56 <2 ,349,256.08 Liabilities. Capital Stock, Surplus and Profits, Circulation, . Deposits, . «5OO,OUO.00 36,513.30 . 45,000.00 1,767,742.78 (2,3(9,256.08 Small Iron Safes in Inirglar-prooJ Vaults for rent, etc., received for safe keeping. Bonds, stock, boxes. -IDIIiECTOIiS. FRANCIS W. KENNEDY, GEN'L H. G. SICKEL, EPHRAIM TURLAND, NELSON F. EVANS, EPHRAIM YOUNG, NA rHAN MIDDLETON, RonERT C. THOMAS, Pension Attorney and Pres't Board of Health of Turland & Hoyt, Dry Goods Prest. Spring Garden Ins. Co. ■ of. Van Gunden & Young, Granite and Marlil,; - of N. & A. Middleton & Co.,CarSpriiv. - of F. D. Bright & Co., and Prest. Thomas Coal C>.. FRANCIS W. KENNEDY, Prest. H. G. SICKEL, Vice-Prest. HENRY H. KENNEDY, Cashier. W. H. M. SiSTARE. George K. Sistare. Douglas Hilger. Geo. K. Sistare's Sons, MEMBERS OF THE NE W YORK STOCK EXCHANGE, 121 South Third Street, - Philadelphia. 1 6 and i8 Broad Street, New York. Stocks and Bonds bought and sold {oi cash or carried on margin. Private Wires to New York, Baltimore and Washington. BRANCH Okfick, Colonnade Hotel. WINTHROP& PERCY SMITH, BANKERS AND BROKERS, 324 Chestnut Street, - Philadelphia. STOCKS BOUGHT AND SOLD ON COMMISSION And Carried on Favorable Terms. Being members of both the Philadelphia and New York Stock Exchanges, and having a Private Wire direct from our oflice to New York, we are prepared to execute orders left with us promptly and satisfactorily. De Haven & Townsend, Bankers axd Brokers, No. 36 South Third Street. BAKKEB.S AKD BROKERS, 114 South Third Street, • Philadelphia. We buy and Sell Government, State and City Loans, Gold, Silver and Foreign Exchange, at Best Market Rates. STOCKS AND BONDS Bought and Sold on Commission in Philadelphia or elsewhere. COLLECTIONS made on any point. DEPOSITS received on Interest, subject to check at sight. DREXEL, MORGAN & CO., DREXEL, HARJES & CO. New York. Paris. Bankers and Dealers in U. S. Bonds and Foreign Exchange. Chestnut and Fifth Streets. Commercial and Travelers' Letters of Credit issued. Bills of Exchange on all parts of Europe bought and sold. State, Municipal and Railroad Securities nego- tiated. Fiii^is-dla^^ InVe^tmeiiti ^ecmiifcie^ a ^pecialti^. Orders for the purchase and sale of Stocks and Bonds on commission executed at the Stock Ex- changes of this country and Europe. Deposits received subject to check at sight and interest allowed. A general Banking Business transacted. Brown Erothers & Co. 209 CHESTNUT STREET, PHIIiHDELiPHITI. 59 Wall Street, New York. 66 State Street, Boston. ALEXANDER BROWN & SONS, Cor. Baltimore and Calvert Streets, Baltimore. BDY \m fm BILLS OF EXCHANGE On Great Britain and Ireland, France, Germany, Belgium, Holland, Switzerland, Norway and Sweden. Issue Gommerciaf and TrcivQt&rs* Greditst AVAILABLE IN ALL PARTS OF THE WORLD. Make Telegraphic Transfers of Money Between this and other Countries, through London and Paris. Make Collections of Drafts drawn abroad on all points in the United States and Canada, and of Drafts drawn in thc United States on Foreign Countries. Interest Allowed on Deposits. First-class Investment Securities For Sale. BROWN, SHIPLEY & CO., BROWN. SHIPLEY & CO , 26 Chapel Street, Liverpool. Founder's Court, Lothbury, London. ^, JAMISON HI A, F*A, Securities Negotiated at the Philadelphia, New York and London Stock Exchanges. Drafts Drawn on Union Bank of London. lindle i ■ ha inks. cha rles e. ha ines. HAINKS BROTHERS 140 South Third Street, Philadelphia. Elliott, Sons & Company, BANKERS, 109 South Third Street, - - Philadelphia. Buy and Sell Stocks and Bonds on Commission. Collateral Loans and Commercial Paper a Specialty. W. W. KURTZ & CO., BANKERS AND BROKERS, Ko. 32 South Third Street, Philadelphia. E.W.CLARK &COMPANY, BANKERS, BOND AND STOCK BROKERS, 35 South Third Street, - PHILADELPHIA. ESI* A "RXjISUED 1864:. ROBERT GIENDINNIN6 & COMPANY, :^ .^ T^ XS. lES X=^ s , 303 Chestnut Street, - Philadelphia. MEMBERS OF THE NEW YORK AND PHILADELPHIA STOCK EXCHANGES. Private Wires to New York. DUNN BROTHKRS, Bfin^ei^s 127 South Fourth Street, Philadelphia. lie S- F01.T T-i;l3- etjcees-t, :PiL±Xa,ci©XiJliJ.a. =STOCK AND BOND BROKERS, = Dealers in GOVERNMENT BONDS AND INVESTMENT SECUKITIES. %^^~ Orders Executed at all the Principal Stock Exchanges in tiiis Country, '^g W G. HOPPER. H. S. HOPPER. Member of Philadelphia Stock Exchange. T^^ILLIAM G. HOPPER & CO., No. 28 Sonth Third Street, Philadelphia. Boston & Fbila. SteamsMp Co.'s Lines, FROM PHILADELPHIA TO iSoston, Providence and Fall Vim, IDIE.ECT TO E-^CH I'OIIT, Steamers SPARTAN. ROMAN, NORMAN, SAXON, ARIES, CATHA- RINE, WHITING AND TONAWANDA. KRKIGHT AT LOWEST RA.TES. Through Bills of Ladin!^ Usiied to and from all points in New England. FOR BOSXON.— Every Tuesday and Friday at 10 a. m., from Pier 20, South Wiiarves, Phiki. FOR PIlOVinKIMCIC.— Kvcry Wednesday and Saturday at 11 a. m., from Pier 23, South Wiiarves, Pliila. FOR FAlili RIVKIt.— Kvcry Wednesday and Saturday at 11 a. m., from Pier 23, South Wiiarves, Pliila. FROin Boston, lYovidcnee and Fall River, every Wednesday and Saturday. Passa^je to Boston, $10; round trip, $18. Meals and Berths included. Freight re- ceived everj' day. Insurance ellected at the office. For further information apply to E. B. SAMPSON, Agt., H. J. JERNEGAN, Agt., 70 Long Wharf, BOSTON, Derrick Wharf, FALL RIVER. GEO. A, KILTON, A^l. Ives wharf, PROVIDENCE. I^ENRY ?l5iNsoR ^ @o., General Agents, 338 SOUTH Delaware Avenue, - PHILADELPHIA. IJo Value in l^he House, But I will pa}' you the Highest Cash Value for Gold or Silver Rings, Bracelets, Earrings, Watches, Chains, Teeth Plates, Spoons, Knives, Forks, Pitchers, Urns, Castors, Goblets and Mugs. For any articles broken, unused, or out of style, I will give the Highest Possible Cash Price. J. L. CLARK, Gold and Silver r^EFixER, Sweepsmelter, 823 Filbert Street, - - Philadelphia, Pa. Send by Mail or Express. Prompt Attention Given. ESTABLISHED 1870. iFraitfetiiti SUGAR REFINERY, Office: 101 South front street, PHILADELPHIA. -MANUFACTURERS OF- ^AND SYRUF»S.-#- Confectioners' . ' . Sugars . • . a . * . Specialty. Confectioners' XXXX Lozenge, Powdered. " Crown A. " Crystal A. •if-FOR SALE BY ALL WHOLESALE DEALERS-!*- THROUGHOUT THE COUNTRY. Otto Gas Engine Works, Schleicher, schumm ^ Go. 33d & Walnut Sts., PHILADELPHIA. TWENTV .-. THOUSAXi:) .-. SOLli. Our engines are guaranteed to consume 20 to 70 per cent, less Gas than Any other En- gine doing same work. .'. .'. .'. Otto Engines and Pumps IfiiSSi iBBBB combined. Otto Engines for mtn^i^^^^mim^ms^^ Electric Lighting. Twin Otto ^**''''^^^*™^"'^*'*' Engines. Vertical Otto En- IM^g^F^l^^^^^^gs gines. .■. .-. .-. .-. .-. .-. .-. SIZES. 1, 2, 4, 7, 10, 15, 25 and More Horse-Power. Peircb Colleoe ok Business, Becord Building, 917-919 Chestnut Street, PH ILADELPHIA. Pa. THOMAS MAY PEIRCE, M. A., Principal and Founder. MORNING, AFTIiKNOON AND NIG] IT SESSIONS. Business men, mcrchnnts and farmers who have had doubts as to wliellier a practical business education could be obtained outside of the countinE-room have been surprised at the thoroughly practical manner in which their sons and tlaughters have been qualified for business engagements at Pcirce College, and are now among its warmest friends. Ite.ms ok Intkrest I'OR the ©HOUGHTFUL. I.— The I.OCATION, in the finest building in Philadelphia; an Elevator, Steam Heat, special Ventilators, Wardrobes, Lavatories, and Electric Lights. Call and examine the con- veniences and accommodations. 2. — TheCfU'KSE and Mh'ihops of Instruction, the personal experience of the Professors, and the technical knowledge gathered by the Principal as a court expert. 3. — The Slcckss Aciuhxed. Eight hundred and seventy-nine students last year. Call or wrttd J'or Circular and Comtncnceincut j^roceeiiing-s. Rev. John Thompson, Dean. Offices : Rooms 5 and 6, Second Floor. CORNELIUS &, HETHERINGTON, pi^TisiPiG Gas ^ Glbgipi^ig FixiPUr^ES, Wrought Iron and Brass Grills, Memorial Brasses. Heal Bronze Railings and Crestings. 1332 Chestnut Street, IPliiltidelphia. TELEPHONE 1373. OPPOSITE U. S. MINT. W^ hm^^5^ RET7IIL gT@OK OF ^V? W, IN PHILADELPHIA. Perhaps the largest in the United States, is to be found at ilRAWBRIDGE ^ 6lOTHIER'S, Market Street, Eighth Street, Filbert Street. This stock, divided into twenty-five departments, under carefully trained and skillful buyers, includes everything that can be desired for either dres;^ or housekeeping needs. No other than thoroughly reliable goods are kept, and the prices are guaranteed as moderate as such goods can be afforded for. SoLiiBr^s Shoe fflANUPAGiFur^iNG ^o., 417 & 419 Arch St., Philadelphia. Buy the SOLLERS SHOE, direct from the Manufacturers' Retail .Store. 18 North Eigfhth Street, West Side. *& the; DISTILLERS OF THE Mount Vernon and Hannisville -OFFICES 218 S. Front St.. Phila. 65 Exchange Place, Baltimore. dO Beaver St., New York. Martinsbnrg, West Virginia. JD. Landrexh &> Sons, Tlic oldettt established and most complete Seed estahlishTne^it in America. ItAin>BETH*S OABDEK SEEDS are grown from Seed Stocks, carefully selected from I'RiAL Seed beds. FLOWEK SEEDS. Our Stock of Flower Seeds is large, and comprises the best American and imported va rieties. IiAKDBETH'S LAWN GRASS SEED. A mixture of the finest varieties of perennial grasses, producing a most beautitul lawn in a short time. RECLEANED 6BASS SEED. Free from Weeds and Trash. All grass seeds offered by us are ihorouehlv recleaned. AaaiCULTVaAL AITD HOSTICirLTTTBAL IMFUEHENTS AHI) TOOLS in great variety. Everything of the best for Farm, Garden or Country Seat. Landreth'B Sural Segister Almanac and Catalogue Free of Charge. D. LANDRETH & SONS, 21 & 23 So. 6th St., Phila. JOHN HUNXER,=— = MANUFACTURER OF FIRST-CLASS LIGHT AND HEAVY Harness, Saddles & Collars, 1302 South Street, - Philadelphia. Gentlemen's Road Harness. Track Harness, Double Carriage Harness, Coupe Harness, Express Harness, Double I'eam Harness, Plow Harness, Cart Harness. Light and Heavy Collars a Specialty. Horse Blankets, Fly Nets, Whips, Horse Boots of every description. Jobbing promptly attended to. TM MitMl Lift tarance Gmai ifNew YirL RICHARD A. McCURDY, President. Cash Assets, Jan. 1, 1887 $114,181,963.24 The Largest Life Insurance Company in the World. I S 1 Ik. i g I i company's PHILADELPHIA BUILDING, N. W. CORNER OF TENTH AND CHESTNUT STREETS. General Agents for Pennsylvania and Delaware. Cheapest Fire Insurance BECAUSE IT IS THE BEST. COMMERCIAL UNION FIRE INS. CO., LONDON & LANCASHIRE FIRE INS. CO., AMERICAN FIRE INS. CO., OF N. Y. .A-Ssets, Over Sixteen XlilHon Dollars. ©fiinpNALLi BAULDIHG, - liocal FJepresentative. 330 Walnut Street, Philadelphia. FlBigchmann'^ t Vienna t Model t Bakef j, 1876— OK THE CENTENNIAL EXHIBITION— 1876 253—259 N. Broad St., Philadelphia. Every Loaf has this Label m" ,/l^C^lanaUtt- 03 CN CN CO UJ q: O X 0) < CD S (B _. c -*-l &> S) o r-fr- 1-*- C o CD "* o ^ SB ^J ■D CS en -n !U Tl c/> n o U) — t^ _3 (D (/; c/> n 3- o C o r-+- 3^ J'' C/> : — (B r Q. □0 P) 3 ?r CD CARPET STORES OF John and James Dobson, Ma n Ufa cturers, 809, 811 and 813 Chestnut St., I'lIILADELPIIIA. SbXTILE CQaGHINEI^Y BUlIiDBI^S, Offices, 20 1 & 203 Chestnut St., Philadelphia. STOCKTON Bates, Prest. WM. D, SHUBERT, Sec'y. BOLETTE CONDENSER FOR WOOL CARDS. Worsted Machinery, Cards, Spinning, Drawing and Twisting Frames, Noble Combs, Gill Boxes, Washer^, and all Machinery to complete a Worsted Mill. CARDING.— Wellman Top-Flat Cards. Foss & Pevey Under- Flat Cards. Whitehead & Atherton Cards. Bridesburg Iron Clipper Cards. Wool Cards of all Standard Sizes, with Block Lag, or Iron Cylinders. ■WEAVING.— Plain Sheeting, Heavy Ticking, Duck, Bag, Ging- ham, Full-Lift and Drop, and Clipper Looms. Looms for Worsted, Jeans and Counterpanes. Goodyear 24-Harness motion, for fancy weaving. Looms of every variety and width. Variable Speed Bobbin-winder. SPINNING. — Ring-Spinning Frames, with Common. Taper, Excelsior, Sawyer, Rabbeth, or any improved pat. Spindle. Self- Acting Mules, for Wool, i\, i|, if, \\, 2, i\, 2|, 2|or2f Guage. Mills Fully Equipped in Either (Cotton, Woolen or Worsted Weaving or Spinning. ESTIIVIATES KOR TvlILLS ) AND ( Samuel H. French & Co., York Avenue, Fourth and CallowMll Sts. PlIRT't MlD¥GTDReilS, ©AINTEKS' AND BuiLDERs' SUPPLIES. Peerless Colors for Mortar. Marbleized Slate Mantels of Beautiful Design f Finish. MHRBLEIZED BI^HCKET gHELYEg OF Every Color and Design. CUT, EMBOSSED, ENAMELED, (©AJPHEDI^AL AND LCEADED GLASS. ORNAME NTAL PLASTE R WORK. Center Pieces, Cornices, Brackets, Caps, Columns, Etc., for Churches, Halls and Residences. ALABASTINE, SUPE RIOR TO CALCIMINE , FOR WALL FINISH. Foreign and Donnestic Cements. CALCINEL, CASTINS AND DENTAL FLASTEB. Send for Catalogue, Sample Cards and Circulars. WE SOLICIT CORRESPONDENCE. John Lucag 2^ Company, FINE COLORS, DRY, IN OIL, IN JAPAN ANIJIN DISTEMPER, FOR HOUSE. COACH, CAR .\N1) FRESCO WORK, H ^ R D W" O O 13 KILLERS. H^HARD OIL FINISH PLATE AKD WmDOW GLASS. The Largest Depot in Philadelphia. BHIIiADEliPHIA; 141 and 143 X. 4lh St. and 322 to 330 Race St. Uew (Jersey: Factory and Varnish Plant, Gibbsboro. WM. E. LUCAS, 8q Maiden Lane. H, MUHR'S SONS = j ewe ter s^^^^ Watch Manufacturers, Diamond Dealers. Factory, - S. W. Cor. Broad and Race Sts. Salesroom, 629, 631 Chestnut St. New York, - 14 Maiden Lane. Chicago, 100 State St BANKERS AND BROKERS. Prompt attwition given tn the purchase and sale of Stocks, Bonds and other Securities 6 Soiilh Tlilrd Street, Pklladelpliiu. DAVID A. FREED. CHAS. K. KRHA.MF.l; Pleasant, Palatable anc Iiasting. F.IKeEy.Jr. flapjy MM- The Wave-Line Plug, Paper Tag on each piece. GIVE IT A TRIAL. Beware of Imitations. GENERAL AGENT. Pa. p(ioI^E^*^*pai'ig5*IV[ac5iiie«dompanij, MANUFACTURERS OF V.'ORKS AND OFFICE : 30th & Chestnut Sts.. Phila. NEW VOKK OFFICE. 95 & 97 Liberty Street. Passenger and Freight, Hydraulic, Steam and Belt Power. HOISTING UACHINEBT FOB HINES, BLAST FT7BNACES, INCLINED PLANES AND DOCK USE. Our Elevators are in operatiDii in almost all the prominent buililiriKS in Philadelpliia, amongst which we would name ; General Offices Pennsylvania K. R. Co., 2 ; ^ 5u. 4th S;ri ei ; Oencr.il Offices Lchieh Valley R. R. Co , 226 So. 3d St.; General Offices Pliil.idelplii.i A; Reading R. R. Co. 227 So. 4th Street ; Hood, Bonbright & Cu \ new buildiiii:, S. W. Cur. iiih and Market Sts ; Union Insurance Co.. S. W. Cor. 3d an I Walnut Sis ; Knickerbocker Ice Co., S. W. cor. 6th and Arch Sts.; Lea Building, N. W. Coi. 7th and Arch Si>; : Gil'snn Building, Market, above 13th St.; Morris liuilding, 715 Arch St.; Irvine Hi'Use; Dooncr'.s Hotel; Hotel Bellevue; New Btnldine American Fire In.surance Co., Walnut above 3(1 Si. Ct-'ntral News Co.'s New Buihiiiii., Locu-^t. near 7th St.; Liverpool, London Hl Globe Insurance Co , 331 to 337 Walnut St., and many others. Send for Circular. T H E' BERGNER^&^ENGEL' BREWING COMF'ANY, Export Lager, Tannhaeuser & Culmbactier Beers, FineStockAles, Porter & Brown Stout, muv. ONLY Grand Prize at Paris. tSTAIil.ISHKI) 1837. C.B.Snil&Sflii, **WJ|T[!HEB Diamonds, Jewelry, Etc. Markkt ^ I8th St.s., rlllLADELPHIA. Open . I-Cvery .■. Evening Dr. Schenck's Mandrake Liver Pills. STANDARD FOR OVER HALF A CENTURY Praised on every Trial. 131^. SCHENCK'S Cure ind igestion, sour stomach, heartburn , flatulency, colic, and all diseases of the stomach; costiveness, inflammation, diarrhcea, piles, and diseases of the bowels; congestion, biliousness, jaundice, nausea, headache, giddiness, nervousness, wandering pains, malaria, liver com- plaint, and all diseases arising from a gorged and sluggish liver. They clean the mucous coats, reduce gorged or con- gested conditions, break up stubborn complications, restore free, healthy action to the organs, and give the system a chance to recover tone and strength. They are Purely Vegetable, Strictly Reliable & Absolutely Safe. POP? SALE BY ALL DI^UGGISTS. Printed Directions for Using Accompany Every Package. LEWIS BROTHERS & CO,, PIOREIGN AND DOMESTIC |rf fioil 238 and 240 Chestnut Street, . Philadelphia. 86 and 88 Worth Street, . . New York. 160 and 162 Market Street, . . Chicago. 44 Chauncey. Street, .... Boston. Cor. German and Sharp Streets, . . Baltimore, William Simpson, Sons & Co., Dry Goods Commission'^ Merchants, m & 130 CHESTNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA. no. 32Z Bf?oadway, - - - Hew yoRK- Staii-ciarci Hoiiseholci Remediu.^ Dr. D. Jayne's Family Medicines. Are prepared with great care, expressly for Family Use, and are so admirably calculated to preserve health and remove disease, that no family should be without them. They consist of Jayne's Expectorant, for Colds, Coughs, Asthma, Consumption, and all Pulmonarj and Bronchial Affections. It promotes expectoration and allays inflammation. Jayne'v Tonic Vermlf uare, for Worms, Dyspepsia, Piles, General Debility, etc. An excellent Tonic for Children, and a beneficial remedy in many of the ailments of the young. Jayne's Carminative Balsam, for Bowel and Summer Complaints, Colics, Cramp, Cholera, etc. A certain cure for Diarrhoea, Cholera Morbus, and Inflammation of the Bowels. Jayne's Alterative, For Purifying the Blood, and for curing Scrofula, Goitre Dropsy, Salt Rheum, Epilepsy, Cancers, and Diseases of the Skin and Bones. Jayne's ftjinlment or Counter-irritant, for Sprains, Bruises, Soreness in the Bones or Muscles, Kheumatiam, and useful in all cases where an external application is required. Jayne's Kanatlve Pills, a valuable Purgative and a certain cure for all Bilious Affections, Liver Complaints, Costiveness, Dyspepsia, and Sick Headache. Jayne's Hair Tonic, for the Preservation, Beauty, Growth and Restoration of the Hair. A pleasant dressing for the hair, and a useful toilet article. Jayne's Specltic tor Tape \l^orm« a certain, safe, and prompt remedy. In settlements and localities where the attendance of a Physician cannot be readily obtained Families will find these Remedies of great service. The Directions which accompany them are in plain, unprofessional language, easily understood by all, and, in addition, Jayne's Medical Almanac and Guide to Health, to be had gratis of all Agents, contains, besides a reliable Calendar, a catalogue of diseases, the symptoms by whlch they may 09 knOWU, together with advice as to the proper remedies to be used. All of Dr. D. Jayne & Son's Family Medicines are sold by Druggists everywhere. W. J. McCahan & Co., AND SEALEE IIT SYEUFS AND MOLASSES, Office, 147 South Front St., - Philadelphia. I^BPIKEI^Y, OiPSBGO AHD fflOF^I^IS SWS. BRADSTREET'S: Improved .*. Nlercantile ,^. Agency, ^^ TEKTH AKD CHESTNUT STS. Offices in all the principal cities of the United States and Canada; also London, England; with Continental and Australasian Correspondence. ^ MCCALLUM & SLOAN, Manufacturers of PINE + 07II^PETINS&* Wayne Junction, Phi la., ALSO Jobbers' and Retailers' Warehouse, I0I2 AND 1014 Chestnut St., Philadelphia. » George E. Bartol. IMPORTER AND SUGAR REFINER, Grocers' Sugar I^kiixeky. Philadelphia Publishers of the following Standard Works: Wharton's Commentaries on Law, Pirdon's Dicbst, s vols Wharton's Criminal Law, 2 vols. I'.ikns* Jcstici-. WhaRTOn'sCkIMINALPleaDINC. iiPKALIH.i:, m NLAl's I'OKMS. Wharion's Criminal Eviuence, 1 holmat i: Halv's Pkacticr, i vols. Wharton ON Contracts, 2 vols. Ukightlv's Pennsylvania i igest, avols Wharton on Evidence, 2 vols. Scott on the Intestate Law. Reed on the Statute of Fraud.s 3 vols, Pearson's Supreme Court Practice, Tavlor on Corporations. Pknnsvi.vania Kehokts. 724 Sansom Street, - Philadelphia. J. R. BUNTING, Wholesale Wakeuoi'se fok Feathei^^,^i^BBiIding,^^fflattre^^eg, AND BEDDING SUPPLIES, Below Dock, 219 South Second Street, Factory, 327 South Second St. and 148 Dock St., Philadelphia. South A nterican CurUti Hair. Feathers put vfi in packages to suit the trade. 1-cathers and Mattresses Keiw-.'aicd, Gold Sotting P> I A TsT O ^"\ WAREROO.MS' WK^ 1 109 Chestnut Stri. Pai ENTED TS7S. EsTABLisiiFD T838 PHILADELPHIA, Pa Richard A. Blythe, COMMISSION MBP^GHANUl, COTTON, WARPS AND YARNS, 1 1 7 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia, Pa. Fink Nos. a Specialty, Carpet Yarns and Warps, 2o's TO 150's. 4's TO ao's. HOMEE, LE BOUTILLIEE & CO., 1^12 8p Ij^Ij^ Ckestfvut St., ^ilks, Dress ^oods, Laces, Wraps, Costumes, Furs i I^qsiery, MAIL ORDERS CAREFULLY FILLED. PHILADELPHIA WAREHOUSE COMPA]S^T, 3Sro. 235 X3oo3s Stree-t, Capital Full Paid, $1,000,000. Chartered 1871. Advances made upon Merchandise in store or in transit. Warehouse receipts negotiated. Special arrangements made for large parcels of merchan- dise by leasing storeroom convenient to borrower. Loans negotiated upon Iron at Shipping points, or at Furnace. HARRY F. WEST. President, FRANKLIN M. POTTS, Sec'v and Treas. BEAUVEAU BORIE, Vice-President, ROBERT H. PILE, Snp't. DIBECT0E8.— Harrv F. West, H. C. Gibson, J. Lowber Welsh, J. H. Michener, Law- rence Johnson, T. Charlton Henrv, BEAi'\EAt Borie, Chas. Spencer, Wm. C. Houston. -^ll[]¥I¥MB-*»- QaS IMPR0VEMENT 60, 333 tOalnut Street, Philadelphia. •^ Builder'^, Le^^ee^ aqd pui'cp^Bi'^ o! Ija^ Woi'li^^.f GEORGE PHILLER, Prrsidenl. SAM'L T. BOD/NE, Src'y and Trras. IIVLL/AM JF. GIBBS, Crn' I M anagtr . EDWARD C. LEE. Ass'i Sec'y and Treas. ARTHUR O. GRANGtR,Ass'tGrn'l Man. ALEX. C. HUMPHREYS. Grn'lSufl. HENRY H. EDGERTON, JOS. H. COLLINS.Jr.. Ckemisi &^ Engineer. AssU Gen^i Sufii. GEORGE PHILLER, WILLIAM W. GIBBS, THOMAS DOLAN. JAMES A. WRIGHT. HENRY C. GIBSON, HENRY 1.. DAVIS. JOHN L. STEWART, WM. L. ELKINS, P.A.B. WIDEN ER. RoBT. Patterson, PRES*T, Jos. G. Patterson, SEC'y ft TREAS. •-P XT TT" Chas. N. Vollum. vice-pres't. FliHelpliiii Trfflsiorielli ai Llilterap Co., Seneraf Forwarders^ io8 Walnut Street, PHILADELPHIA. Successors to ROBERT PATTERSON & SON. COOK & BROTHER, 49, 51 & 53 N. Eighth St., Philadelphia, ARE THE LARGEST RETAILERS OF Hosiery and Underwear IN AMERICA. ^ SAWYER, BPRT & MAlIId, COMMISSION * IVIerctiants,* 86 St 88 FranftKn St., ACew ^orft. BOSTON: PHILADELPHIA : 68 Chauncy St. 1 22 Chestnut St. fe Glolie^Gas^ijllit^CoiDpanjI, -) CONTRACTORS FOR (- LlOHTINO StREKTS. -) HANUFACTURBRS OP (- PLAIN t AND t FANCY t STREET I LAMPS, 'LAMP-POSTS -) BUILDERS OF (- Gas ^ Water Works. CRUDE OIL AND NAPHTHA Roe .■. Gas .•. (Companies. Oasoline for Oas Machines. PENNSYLVANIA GLOBE GAS LIGHT CO, 47 & 49 North 2d Street, Philadelphia. Coffin, Altemus & Co,, DRY GOODS COMMISSION>^MERCHAIiTS, 220 Chestnut Street, - Philadelphia. fiLSo, Hew I^ork, Boston and Baltimore. 4J 0) C Q ESTABLISHED HALF A CENTUBY. firE&burglar THAT Will WELL REPAY Ahf INVESTIGATION ^Tn0SE:jWH0^T0 5ECljRE THE BEST SAFE J^ARVINSAFECO. NEW YORK, PHILADELPHIA, LONDON. ENGLAND. I— I t— I •0 IJottr Kind of etotftes^^^B^ One of the easy ways of squandering money is to buy things at random; don't look at what you're getting; don't care; don't compare. If you do, then we're ready to make it clear to you that our ready-made clothing looks the best, wears the best, and is the cheapest clothing you can buy anywhere — and the finest •withal. Perhaps we should have put the last first. Finest ready-made clothing isn't made in so many places, however, that you'll miss coming here for it. Any time that you think you must, perforce, go to a merchant tailor to get an accur- »te fit or an extra fine quality of goods, come in here as you go along. Ninety, nine out of ahundred you'll go no farther, and that you'll get what you want here. S. M. WANAMAKER & CO., THE .: FINEST.-. CLOTHING .: HOUSE .: IN .: AMERICA. 818, 820 & 822 Chestnut Street. ^M i5c ^l^e Special Watcb- "^ ^'^- ITS SUPREMACY AMONG TIMEKEEPERS. TTIHE record of the famous Watch of Messrs. Patek, Phihppe & Co is one of constant ■•• improvement, a succession of triumphs and an ever-widening: sale. Since the London Exhibition of 185] it has received the highest awards at nearly all tlie important national and international expositions, while the higher test of everyday* use by the thousands in all countries who carry it has amply sustained scientiflc trials and verdicts of exposition juries. When, therefore, Messrs. Bailey, Banks & Biddle desired to make a choice amon^ watches, they unhesitatingly selected the " Patek " as the one that, with improvements in construction of the movement and a higher order of adjustment suggested by their long experience, they could most satisfactorily offer to customers and accompany with the name of the house as an indorsement of its superiority. Even without the points which Bailey, Banks & Biddle have added, the " Patek" watch is the general favorite of experienced dealers and the wearers of fine time- pieces ; while that the extra advantages given it as the Bailey, Banks Hl Biddle Special, and the extraordinary adjustment exacted, are fully appreciated, is showTi by largely Increased sales during the past year. The prices are exceedingly low for the highest grade watch. BAILEY CHESTNUT STREET, BANKS & Cor. Twelfth, BIDDLE, Philadelphia. MECHANICS' TOOL DEPOT. Tools, Supplies m Mechanical Appliances IFOIi -A-LXj TK-A-XJES. Best Tools and Lowest Prices. TALLNIAN . . &• . . McKADDEN, 1025 Market Street, PHILADELPHIA. No. 40 N. 8th St, No. 820 Arch St, Philadelphia. ^^i^TigTio Pfi@fr6ei^7iPHEi^3. THK UA^ T-_ IS The Most Comfortable! The Most Durable! The Most Economical! The Most Sensible! ) THE STORE OP ( THE DHY 3EWBD gH©B MHNnPHCPaRINS C©. ) IS AT ( No. 23 North Eighth St., Philadelphia. OrERATING THE U'ESTINGHOUSF. ELECTRIC COMPANY'S SYSTEM FOR STORES AND DWELLINGS. THE KEYSTONE LIGHT & POWER CO, lOS Soiith Sixtl^ Street, PHILADELPHIA. 4 H. H. Westinghouse, T. Carpenter Smith, President. Vice-President. M. R. MucKLE, Jr., W. W. Perkins, Supt.. Sec. and Treas. Station No. l , 707 Sansom St. C. H. Garland &. Co. 323 Chestnut Street, FRACTIONAL LOTS OF ALL fictive Stocks. PHILADELPHIA. IF YOU NEED (and who does not?) the best form of true life insurance, adapted to all circum- stances and all ages, at the lowest sure rates, free from conditions or restrictions, incontestible and non- forfeitable, send for publications of the Penn Mutual Life Insurance Co., HOME OFFICE: 921 Chestnut St., Philadelpliia. ROYAL INSURANCE COMPANY, of Liverpool, England. ST&TEKEITT, TTITITED STATES BBAKCH, JAKITABT 1, 1886. Assets, $4,712,899.16 — Liabilities, $2,368,428.16 — Surplus, $2,344,47100 GEO. WOOD, Manager, Pennsylmnia, New Jersey and Delaware. ROYAL INSURANCE CO. BUILDING, 306 Walnut St., Philadelphia. /ETNA FIRE INSURANCE CO.. of Hartford, Conn. -^^Incorporated, A. D. 1819. Charter Perpetual. Cash Capital, $4,ooc,ooo — Assets, Jan. i, 1886, 9,260,096.65 — Losses paid in 67 years, 58,750,000. Philadelphia Branch, 403 WALKUT ST., William C. Goodrich, Agent. Perpetual Policies issued on Dwellings, Churches and School-Houses. -ESTABLISHED 1849.- ?•§ o £C' o' g" 9. ^ p « K § 1.1 Id. w.'kolbe'& sonJIIIIs;^ < c 1 S I r""^^ Manufacturers of ^^r, a -""? g: S < z I i f f"^ I Manufacturers of _ c 1^— mill i^,jj 3 -n J. = ^ No. 1207 Arch Street, Philadelphia 3 o K" > g^ W P, < FORMEHiv South Ninth Stbfet. b =: ? S' ?* ? P TRIMBLE WHISKIES. SOLE :peoi=e.ie:toe,s, 'S^^HITB, HBNTZ & CO., 222,224 N. Second St., Philadelphia, Pa. Joseph K. Davison, 931 Chestnut St., Philadelphia, MANUFACTURER OF FINE JEWELRY, IJEALER IN Diamonds and Other ]?recious Stones. PRESENTATION BADGES FOR MILITARY AND CIVIC BODIES, COLLEGE SOCIETY PINS. CLASS RINGS, ^Medals- ■ and'- Prizes '-for'- alt-'- Athletic '- Sports.^ Estimates and Designs furnished when desired. Delaware Sugar House. Sale Office: 123 S. Front St. Refinery: Foot Reed St., PHILADELPHIA. B. H. HOWELL, SON k CO.. Agents. £. D. COOK, fiepresentatiTe. ESIAnLISHED iS.v!. -^- H O I=» S OHNT ' S, -X- The )f Original One I Price ^ Hat I Emporiuin, 393 1 IVIA-RKET STREET, FoRMEKLY Eleventh and South Streets, W. I'lIII.A DELPHI A. ^WIT. PRINTING COIVIF'ANY, PFinteps and ythojFapheFS, fi'iL.Sy' PHILADELPHIA. LEE'S OM PRICE STORES Dry Ooods, TRIMMINGS, . • . HOSIERY, Notions, AND MEN'S FURNISHING ••• MODS J. E. Lee I Son, LANCASTER AVE., WEST .-. PHILADELPHIA. 1884. 1887. THOMAS BARLOW, Fine Merchant Tailoring And .-. Ready-made .-. Pantaloon .-. Establishment, 3826 Lancaster Avenue, WEST PHILADELPHIA. Shoneman Brothers, 116, 118, 120, 123 North Eighth Street, Leading .'. Monrning .'. and ,■. Fancy.'. Goods.'. House. oo o LU -5"^ X! ->;- C^3 ^»t OS ^ I < 9" lL -5*;- N. THOHEOS ^ GO., C -7' S. E. CORNEU THIRD AXD DOCK STREETS, Pliilacielplnia. . ^/ .-. Philadelphia, .: AVi.' .'. ) ■<"/.■ • • <=«''•■• aica.ro . . Stock . . Exchanges. YODNG , SMYTH, FIELD & CO., Hosiery, LADIES' AND GENTLEMENS' ^'Furnishing ^^ Goods,Y m& a 814 MAHKET STREET, Philadelphia. Makers of the celebrated " Y. S. F." brand of fast color Hosiery. Every pair j,-uaranteed fast color and free from poisonous substances. J. p. Whitney. T. W, Synnott. ESTABl.ISHEll 1775. Tiie Wtlitneji Glass Works, Factories: GLASSOORO, N. J. Philadelphia Office : i New York Office : 227 SOUTH FRONT STREET. \ 59 MURRAY STREET. MANUFACTURERS OF ) AND ( AMBER BOTTLES Of every description. -) Private Mould Orders Specially Solicited. (- Northern Savings Fund, SAFE DEPOSIT AND TRUST COMPANY, Sixth /, and . •. Spring .'. Garden .■. Streets, PlT.ila.cielph.ia. W. Frederick Snyder, President. I Charles Santee, Vice-President. H. B. Pearson, Secretary and Treasurer. I T. B. Bi;tchbr, Trust Officer. XJXHEOTOieS. Henry D. Welsh, Abraham Goldsmith, Robert Patterson, Howard Thompson, Wm. Patten, William G. Fox, Sheppard. Nathan L. Hatfield, M. D., Charles Sahtee, W. Frederick Snyder, A. C. Bournomville, M. D., Peter Schemm, Wm. H. Piersol, Isaac A. MONEY DEPOSITS.— Two per cent, interest allowed on deposits payable on demand. Three per cenL interest allowed in the Saving Fund Department, subject to two weeks' notice. TWBNTY-THIRD AND CHBRRY SXS., FnnU for Buildings, Columns, Girders, Wrought-Iron Beams, Sidewalk Lights, Drinkiog Fountains, Garden Vases, Stairs, Railings, Crestings, Stable Fixtures, Electric and Gas Lamp Posts. Sale and Exchange Stables. I have on hand a first-class stock of Horses, consisting of Coach, Road, Saddlers and Work Horses, and a large supply of Mules con-' stantly on hand, and am pref)ared to fill all orders promptly. ELI KINDIG, Jr., Proprietor. MCIUN'S PAPER WEIGHTS, Metal Covered, with Leather. IHandsonie and Durable, FOR THE Office, Counting-Houde ^ Draughtsman. Name, etc., can be stamped on in gold. No. Length. Width. Thickness. Weight. Per Doz. Each. 1 Lead, 3f in., 2f in. i|^ in. 3^ lbs., $14.50 $1.25 2 A •• 3| " 2| " i|. •' 2j " 8.50 .75 4 A " 2j " 2 •• ij " i| " 6.00 .50 Any style furnished to order in quantities at special prices. FENTON P. F. MULLINS, Manufacturer and Patkntek, 825 Arch Street, - PHILADELPHIA, Pa. J. E. Caldwell & Co., 902 Chestnut street, - - ■ PHIUDELPHIA, -IMPORTERS OF— Fine batches, Superb porcelain, ?^ EOBiTECTS OIF -A-ieT. DEALEKS IN JEWELEY, STERLING SELYEEWAEE, Art Metal Work, American Pottery, Richly Cut Glass, Electro-plated Ware. ^Mi/r. ■^Photograpliic Art Studio.f 1204 CHESTNUT ST.. Philadelphia . Special rates for Photographs to Members of the Police Force. (5. H» l^letsser^ ^J^H^l^OM^j^l^fe- ) AND ( 24 & 26 South Fifth St., PHILADELPHLv. Office : 32 Sooth Fifth Street. ESTABLlSfTED 1840. Tin, Copper and Galvanized Iron Works I^EATERS, .". FLANGES . '. AND /. FJePAIKINC;. Tin, Slate atiei Tih- Koofing add Spouting. ROOKS REF>AIREr> AND l^A-INTED. 70B South Eleventh Street, - - PHILADELPHIA. FAIRMOUNT Machine Works, Established 1839. Tftomas Wood & f the Tentli District. GEORGE WOOD, Lieutenant of the Eleventh District. NATHAN S. KIMBLE, Lieutenant of the Twelfth District. A. C. ALLISON, Licutt'nant of the Thirtirnth District ALEXANDER BUCHANAN, Lieutenant of the Fourteenth District. WILLIAM L. DUNGAN, Lieutenant of the Fifteenth District. E. M. BAILEY, Lieutenant of the Sixteenth Disti-ict. GEORGE W. THOMPSON, Lieutenant of tlie Seventeenth District. JAMES FERGUSOX, Lieutenant of tlie Eighteentli District. ALEXANDER SKILTON, Lieutenant of the Nineteenth District. JOHN K. MYERS, Lieutenant of the Twentieth District. GEORGE BLANKLEY, Lieutenant of tlie Twentv-first District y^// 1 HENRY WOLF, Lieutenant of tlie Twenty-second District. E. M. LYONS, Lieutenant of the Twentv-tliird Disti'ict. SAMUEL CLASE, Lieutenant of the Twenty-fourth District. JNO. B. PATTERSON, Lieutenant of the Twentv-fiftli District. GEORGE MOORE, Lieutenant of the Delaware Htirbor Squad. m M h-i W o H 02 WILLIAM H. FRANCIS, Lieutenant of tlie Schuylkill Harbor Squad.